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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bakgrunn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tragisk_konge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tragisk_konge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tragisk konge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tragisk_konge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Krig_med_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Krig_med_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Krig med England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Krig_med_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ydmyket_konge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ydmyket_konge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ydmyket konge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ydmyket_konge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etter_John_Balliol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etter_John_Balliol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Etter John Balliol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etter_John_Balliol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekteskap_og_barn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekteskap_og_barn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ekteskap og barn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekteskap_og_barn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Johan Balliol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 44 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John Balliol" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Balliol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iohannes_Scotta_Cyning" title="Iohannes Scotta Cyning – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iohannes Scotta Cyning" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84" title="جون من باليول – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون من باليول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_(So%CD%98-kat-l%C3%A2n)" title="John (So͘-kat-lân) – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="John (So͘-kat-lân)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_I_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB" title="Іаан I Баліял – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іаан I Баліял" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_I_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8A%D0%BB" title="Джон I Бейлиъл – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джон I Бейлиъл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Balliol" title="Joan Balliol – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joan Balliol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_I._Skotsk%C3%BD" title="Jan I. Skotský – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jan I. Skotský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="John Balliol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Balliol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB" title="Τζων Μπάλλιολ – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζων Μπάλλιολ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John Balliol" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_de_Balliol" title="Juan de Balliol – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juan de Balliol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johano_de_Balliol" title="Johano de Balliol – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Johano de Balliol" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanes_Eskoziakoa" title="Joanes Eskoziakoa – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joanes Eskoziakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Balliol" title="Jean Balliol – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean Balliol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_de_Balliol" title="John de Balliol – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="John de Balliol" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xo%C3%A1n_I_de_Escocia" title="Xoán I de Escocia – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xoán I de Escocia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%B0%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%AC" title="존 발리올 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 발리올" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="जॉन बैलियोल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉन बैलियोल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Balliol" title="Ivan Balliol – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivan Balliol" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="John Balliol" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Balliol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_di_Scozia" title="Giovanni di Scozia – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanni di Scozia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="ג'ון, מלך סקוטלנד – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון, מלך סקוטלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_(rex_Scotiae)" title="Ioannes (rex Scotiae) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes (rex Scotiae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_sk%C3%B3t_kir%C3%A1ly" title="János skót király – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="János skót király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84" title="جون من باليول – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون من باليول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Balliol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB_(%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E7%8E%8B)" title="ジョン・ベイリャル (スコットランド王) – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・ベイリャル (スコットランド王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Balliol" title="Jan Balliol – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jan Balliol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_da_Esc%C3%B3cia" title="João da Escócia – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="João da Escócia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_I_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Иоанн I (король Шотландии) – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иоанн I (король Шотландии)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="जाह्न बालियोल – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जाह्न बालियोल" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="John Balliol" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Scotland" title="John of Scotland – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John of Scotland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Џон Бејлиол – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џон Бејлиол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="John Balliol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="lovende artikkel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Balliol" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhon_Balliol" title="Jhon Balliol – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jhon Balliol" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_(%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C)" title="Іоанн (Шотландський король) – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іоанн (Шотландський король)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5" title="约翰·巴里奥 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰·巴里奥" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5" title="约翰·巴里奥 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·巴里奥" 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th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24884810" /><table class="infobox infoboks biografi fastbredde"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Johan Balliol<div style="font-size:65%">Konge av Skottland</div></th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:John_Balliol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/John_Balliol.jpg/250px-John_Balliol.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/John_Balliol.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="thumbcaption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23957101">.mw-parser-output .byline{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .byline .hidden{display:none}</style><div class="byline"></div></div></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P1477 edit-props-P569 edit-props-P19">Født</span></th><td colspan="2">ca. <a href="/wiki/1240" title="1240">1240</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P570 edit-props-P20 edit-props-P509">Død</span></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1313" title="1313">1313</a>/<a href="/wiki/1314" title="1314">1314</a><br />Châteaux de Hélicourt</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Beskjeftigelse</th><td colspan="2">Monark <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310065?uselang=nb#P106" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Embete</th><td colspan="2"><ul style="list-style:none none; padding:0px; margin:0px"><li>Monarch of Scotland (1292–1296) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310065?uselang=nb#P39" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Utdannet ved</th><td colspan="2">Durham School</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Ektefelle</th><td colspan="2">Isabella av Warenne<sup id="cite_ref-hash-a0d17df00a605e0fdbd17eb5ea425dde5c6e0027_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-a0d17df00a605e0fdbd17eb5ea425dde5c6e0027-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Far</th><td colspan="2">John I av Balliol<sup id="cite_ref-hash-3913844e06e055e8cd81608f22bad0e604d89d2d_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-3913844e06e055e8cd81608f22bad0e604d89d2d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Mor</th><td colspan="2">Dervorguilla av Galloway<sup id="cite_ref-hash-3913844e06e055e8cd81608f22bad0e604d89d2d_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-3913844e06e055e8cd81608f22bad0e604d89d2d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Søsken</th><td colspan="2">Eleanor Balliol</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Barn</th><td colspan="2">Se <a href="#Ekteskap_og_barn">egen liste</a></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Nasjonalitet</th><td colspan="2">Kongeriket Skottland</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Gravlagt</th><td colspan="2">Picardie</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Annet navn</th><td colspan="2">John Balliol</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Regjeringstid</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/17._november" title="17. november">17. november</a> <a href="/wiki/1292" title="1292">1292</a> - <a href="/wiki/10._juli" title="10. juli">10. juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1296" title="1296">1296</a></td></tr> <tr class="overskrift" valign="top"><td colspan="4">Våpenskjold</td></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Johan Balliols våpenskjold" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/250px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/375px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/500px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4"><hr /><div class="sentrert"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_of_Scotland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John of Scotland">Johan Balliol på Commons</a></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Johan Balliol</b> (kjent som <b>John Balliol</b> på engelsk) var konge av Skottland. Han var konge av <a href="/wiki/Skottland" title="Skottland">Skottland</a> fra <a href="/wiki/1292" title="1292">1292</a>, men i realiteten kun inntil <a href="/wiki/1296" title="1296">1296</a>, kronet i <a href="/wiki/Berwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Berwick">Berwick</a> på <a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrew's Day">St. Andreas' dag</a> (<i>engelsk: St. Andrews</i>), skjønt hans tilhengere vil argumentere at han var kong <i>de jure</i> (<i>ved lov</i>) fra <a href="/wiki/1290" title="1290">1290</a> og til sin død. I mangel av eksakt dato pleier Skottland å sette datoen for Balliols regjeringstid til 1292–96. </p><p>Balliol var sønn av Dervorguilla av <a href="/wiki/Galloway" title="Galloway">Galloway</a> og John, 5. baron de Balliol som grunnla <a href="/wiki/Balliol_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Balliol College">Balliol College</a> ved <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford-universitetet</a>, ett av de første fakultetene i <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>. Balliol-familien hadde <a href="/wiki/Normannisk" title="Normannisk">normanniske</a> røtter, fra Bailleul i <a href="/wiki/Picardie" title="Picardie">Picardie</a>, men ble invitert til England av William Rufus (1087-1100) og tildelt et område i <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a> (der et familiemedlem ved navn Bernard grunnla <a href="/wiki/Barnard_Castle" title="Barnard Castle">Barnard-slottet</a>). Etter en uenighet med <a href="/wiki/Biskop_av_Durham" class="mw-redirect" title="Biskop av Durham">biskopen av Durham</a> ble baron John pålagt å understøtte lærde i Oxford. I virkeligheten var det hans kone Dervorguilla som betalte for dette. Hun var datter av den siste herre av Galloway, Alan, og datterdatter av <a href="/wiki/David_I_av_Skottland" title="David I av Skottland">kong David I</a>. Dette var grunnlaget for Johans krav på den skotske trone.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hans fødselsdato er ikke nøyaktig kjent; han var født enten i <a href="/wiki/1240" title="1240">1240</a> eller i <a href="/wiki/1249" title="1249">1249</a>/<a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">50</a>. Han døde en gang mellom den <a href="/wiki/4._mars" title="4. mars">4. mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1313" title="1313">1313</a> og den <a href="/wiki/4._januar" title="4. januar">4. januar</a> <a href="/wiki/1314" title="1314">1314</a>. Han etterlot seg en eneste sønn, Edvard Balliol. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunn">Bakgrunn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bakgrunn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johan Balliol ble utdannet i <a href="/wiki/Durham_(England)" title="Durham (England)">Durham</a>. Han hadde to eldre brødre som døde tidlig, og ble dermed eier av Barnard-slottet, samt Balliol-godset i Picardie. Selv hadde han tenkt seg en geistlig karriere, men giftet seg nå med Isabella - datter av jarlen av <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a> - i 1281. Den eldste sønnen deres, Edvard, kom til å styre Skottland i korte perioder september/desember 1332 og 1333-36 som <a href="/wiki/Vasall" title="Vasall">vasall</a> under sin navnebror, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_III_av_England" title="Edvard III av England">Edvard III av England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 1268 døde Johan Balliols far. Enken fikk <a href="/wiki/Balsamering" title="Balsamering">balsamert</a> den dødes hjerte og lagt i et <a href="/wiki/Elfenben" title="Elfenben">elfenbensskrin</a> hun skal ha hatt med seg overalt. Dervorguilla er kjent for mye velgjørenhet til minne om sin mann, blant annet stiftelsen av <a href="/wiki/Cistercienserordenen" title="Cistercienserordenen">cistercienserklosteret</a> <i>Dulce Cor</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> for «søte hjerte») i 1273. Ved sin bortgang i 1289 ble Dervorguilla gravlagt foran klosterets <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8yalter" class="mw-redirect" title="Høyalter">høyalter</a>, med sin manns hjerte lagt på brystet sitt. <a href="/wiki/Kloster" title="Kloster">Klosteret</a> <i>Sweetheart Abbey</i> er i dag en <a href="/wiki/Ruin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruin">ruin</a>, med utsyn mot <a href="/wiki/Solway_Firth" title="Solway Firth">Solway Firth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tragisk_konge">Tragisk konge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Tragisk konge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tragisk konge"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etter sin død fikk han <a href="/wiki/%C3%98kenavn" class="mw-redirect" title="Økenavn">økenavnet</a> <i>Toom Tabard</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> det vil si en «tom jakke», «<a href="/wiki/Marionett" title="Marionett">marionett</a>», eventuelt «fattig». Økenavnet sier noe om Balliols tragiske skjebne, og dermed også Skottlands. </p><p>Da <a href="/wiki/Margaret_av_Skottland" title="Margaret av Skottland">Margaret av Skottland</a>, kjent som «Margaret, <i>maid of Norway</i>» (= Margaret, piken fra <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a>), døde i <a href="/wiki/1290" title="1290">1290</a>, var det ingen klar arverekke. Seks såkalte «voktere», representanter valgt til løse problemet av det skotske styret i <a href="/wiki/Score" class="mw-disambig" title="Score">Score</a>. Vokterne maktet ikke å komme frem til en beslutning og henvendte seg til <a href="/wiki/Edvard_I_av_England" title="Edvard I av England">Edvard I av England</a> og ba ham om hjelp som upartisk dommer. Forhandlingene begynte ikke lovende, da kong Edvard erklærte at han kom som overkonge av Skottland. </p><p>Blant 13 kandidater ble Balliol valgt til skotsk konge av den engelske kongen etter at Margaret, <a href="/wiki/Jomfruen_av_Norge" class="mw-redirect" title="Jomfruen av Norge">piken fra Norge</a>, døde i 1290. Hans krav på tronen var basert på at han var sønnesønns sønnesønn av David I, den legitime arving ved førstefødselsrett (hans mormor Margaret var en eldre søster av hans rival <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bruce">Robert Bruces</a> mor Isobel).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Robert Bruce fikk 40 stemmer, 40 for Balliol og 24 for Edvards egen rådsforsamling. John Balliol ble til slutt erklært for konge, ikke alene på grunn av kong Edvard, men også ved Bruces egne stemmer valgte imot ham. </p> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Konkurrentene_til_den_skotske_trone" title="Konkurrentene til den skotske trone">Konkurrentene til den skotske trone</a> </p> </div> <p>Balliol fikk den tvilsomme ære av å være den aller siste skotske monark som ble kronet på «<a href="/wiki/Stone_of_Scone" title="Stone of Scone">Skjebnesteinen</a>» («Stone of Destiny»). Kong Edvard behandlet Skottland som en <a href="/wiki/Vasallstat" title="Vasallstat">vasallstat</a> og ydmyket Balliol. Balliol sto endelig opp for seg selv og Skottland ved å arbeide frem en internasjonal traktat om allianse mellom Skottland, <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a> og <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>, den såkalte <a href="/wiki/Auld-alliansen" title="Auld-alliansen">Auld-alliansen</a>. </p><p>Balliol hadde i realiteten ingen stor sjanse til skape et sterkt styre i Skottland. En sterk personlighet kunne muligens ha greid det, men beklageligvis for Skottland var ikke Balliol den personligheten. Et par måneder inn i sin regjeringstid måtte Balliol reise som en vasalkonge til <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a> for å sverge troskap til sin overkonge Edvard av England. Edvard fortsatte å true, tukte og ydmyke ham. Den skotske trone ble kostbar for Balliol. </p><p>Balliol gjorde et forsøk på å fortsette arbeidet til sine forgjengere ved å sammenkalle til regjeringsmøter og introdusere håndhevere av lov i lovløse områder, men de voldsomme ambisjonene til Edvard av England forpurret Balliols forsøk på å etablere seg som konge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Krig_med_England">Krig med England</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Krig med England" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Krig med England"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balliol valgte å invadere England og startet dermed <a href="/wiki/Den_skotske_uavhengighetskrig" title="Den skotske uavhengighetskrig">den skotske uavhengighetskrig</a>. Skottene tok <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Castle" title="Stirling Castle">slottet i Stirling</a> og innledet deretter beleiringen av festningen <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a> lengre sør. Edvard slo tilbake ved å plyndre <a href="/wiki/Berwick-upon-Tweed" title="Berwick-upon-Tweed">Berwick-upon-Tweed</a> og slakte ned de fleste mannlige innbyggerne. Edvard erobret deretter <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a> og <a href="/wiki/Roxburgh" title="Roxburgh">Roxburgh</a>. </p><p>Den 27. april møttes den skotske hærstyrken den engelske i <a href="/wiki/Slaget_ved_Dunbar_(1296)" title="Slaget ved Dunbar (1296)">slaget ved Dunbar</a>. Slaget ble en katastrofe for skottene. Selv om de var tallmessig overlegne, måtte de gi tapt mot den profesjonelle og velorganiserte engelske hæren. Skottene ble massakrert og minst 1/4 drept, resten tatt til fange, og de adelige ført i <a href="/wiki/Fangenskap" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangenskap">fangenskap</a> til England. Etter bare 17 dager var 1296-krigen over. Den <a href="/wiki/10._juli" title="10. juli">10. juli</a> måtte Balliol overgi seg selv og Skottland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ydmyket_konge">Ydmyket konge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ydmyket konge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ydmyket konge"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balliol ble ydmyket ved å bli strippet for sine kongelige regalier, tvunget til å abdisere og legge Skottland under engelsk administrasjon. Denne hendelsen ga ham kallenavnet <i>Toom Tabard</i> («tom jakke»). Edvard I stjal <a href="/wiki/Stone_of_Scone" title="Stone of Scone">Skjebnesteinen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Relikvie" title="Relikvie">relikviene</a> etter Skottlands nasjonalhelgen i <a href="/wiki/St._Andrews" title="St. Andrews">St. Andrews</a>, marsjerte deretter nordover og avkrevde de skotske adelsmennene troskapseder som møysommelig ble innskrevet i <a href="/wiki/Ragman-rullene" title="Ragman-rullene">Ragman-rullene</a>. Balliol ble fengslet i <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower i London</a>. </p><p>Ulike «voktere» ble utnevnt til å styre Skottland, alle i Balliols navn. Opprør flammet jevnlig opp og døde bort, og kulminerte med at <a href="/wiki/Patriot" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriot">patrioten</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace" title="William Wallace">William Wallace</a> i det sørlige Skottland og <a href="/wiki/Andrew_de_Moray" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew de Moray">Andrew de Moray</a> i den nord stod fram. Skottene sendte <a href="/wiki/Diplomati" title="Diplomati">diplomatiske</a> forespørsmål til Frankrike om å sette England under press. De henvendte seg til pave <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_VIII" title="Bonifatius VIII">Bonifatius VIII</a>, og i 1299 beordret han Balliol løslatt. </p><p>To måneder senere ble Balliol sendt i <a href="/wiki/Eksil" title="Eksil">forvisning</a> til Frankrike, der han døde på familiens eiendom i Picardie i 1313 eller 1315.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han skal da ha vært blind og stort sett glemt. Ettermælet hans har ikke bedret seg. Historikerne vurderer ham som en av de svakeste kongene i Skottlands historie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etter_John_Balliol">Etter John Balliol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Etter John Balliol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Etter John Balliol"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Skottene reiste seg til et nytt opprør i <a href="/wiki/1297" title="1297">1297</a> under William Wallace og Andrew de Moray som begge hevdet å handle på vegne av sin konge, Johan Balliol, fordi hans abdikasjon skjedde under tvang og derfor var uberettiget. Skotske opprør brøt jevnlig ut, men kravet om gjenopprettelse av den skotske trone syntes håpløst, fordi Balliol selv ingenting foretok seg. I realiteten stod Skottland tilbake uten en monark, frem til Robert Bruce kom på tronen i <a href="/wiki/1306" title="1306">1306</a>. Johan Balliols krav på tronen ble gjenopptatt av hans sønn Edvard Balliol, <a href="/wiki/Ironi" title="Ironi">ironisk</a> nok med støtte fra England. En stund hadde han også en viss framgang. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:SetonArmorialJohnBalliolAndWife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/SetonArmorialJohnBalliolAndWife.jpg/250px-SetonArmorialJohnBalliolAndWife.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/SetonArmorialJohnBalliolAndWife.jpg/375px-SetonArmorialJohnBalliolAndWife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/SetonArmorialJohnBalliolAndWife.jpg/500px-SetonArmorialJohnBalliolAndWife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="1199" /></a><figcaption>Johan Balliol og hans hustru Isabelle de Warenne, fra <i>Seton Armorial.</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekteskap_og_barn">Ekteskap og barn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ekteskap og barn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ekteskap og barn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johan Balliol giftet seg med Isabella de Warenne, datter av <a href="/wiki/John_de_Warenne,_7._jarl_av_Surrey" class="mw-redirect" title="John de Warenne, 7. jarl av Surrey">John de Warenne, 7. jarl av Surrey</a>, og Alice de Lusignan. På morssiden var hans besteforeldre Hugh X de Lusignan og <a href="/wiki/Isabella_av_Angouleme" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella av Angouleme">Isabella av Angouleme</a>, enke etter <a href="/wiki/John_I_av_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John I av England">John I av England</a>. Balliol og hans kone Isabella hadde fire barn: </p> <ul><li>Agness Maud Balliol (omdiskutert), gift med Bryan FitzAlan, baron av Bedale, som ble foreldre til Agness Maud FitzAlan (født <a href="/wiki/1298" title="1298">1298</a>) som giftet seg med Sir Gilbert Stapleton, ridder av Bedale (1291–1324), som hun fikk to barn med. Sir Gilbert er mer kjent for sin deltagelse i mordet på <a href="/wiki/Piers_Gaveston" title="Piers Gaveston">Piers Gaveston</a>, jarl av <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>.</li> <li>Anne Balliol.</li> <li>Edvard Balliol, konge av Skottland. Aldri gift.</li> <li>Henry Balliol (død 16. desember <a href="/wiki/1332" title="1332">1332</a>), gift med Lena (av Skottland), drept i slaget ved Annan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hash-a0d17df00a605e0fdbd17eb5ea425dde5c6e0027-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-a0d17df00a605e0fdbd17eb5ea425dde5c6e0027_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> The Peerage person ID <span><span><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4638&url_prefix=https://www.thepeerage.com/&id=p10249.htm%23i102488">p10249.htm#i102488</a></span></span>, besøkt 7. august 2020<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-3913844e06e055e8cd81608f22bad0e604d89d2d-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-3913844e06e055e8cd81608f22bad0e604d89d2d_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-3913844e06e055e8cd81608f22bad0e604d89d2d_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span><a href="/wiki/The_Peerage" title="The Peerage">The Peerage</a></span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rexfactor.wordpress.com/2016/11/09/john-balliol-1292-96/">«John Balliol 1292-96»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/John_Balliol/">«John Balliol», <i>World history encyclopedia</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/places/sweetheart-abbey/history/"><i>Sweetheart Abbey</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25528773">Grant G. Simpson: <i>Why was John Balliol called Toom Tabard?</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rexfactor.files.wordpress.com/2016/10/great-cause-002.jpeg">Johan Balliols familietre</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/John_Balliol/">«John Balliol», <i>World history encyclopedia</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Wallace" title="William Wallace">William Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bruce">Robert Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragman-rullene" title="Ragman-rullene">Ragman-rullene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auld-alliansen" title="Auld-alliansen">Auld-alliansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_skotske_uavhengighetskrig" title="Den skotske uavhengighetskrig">Den skotske uavhengighetskrig</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Balliol&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Duncan, A. A. M. <i>Scotland: the Making of the Kingdom</i>, 1975</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24994932">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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href="/wiki/Fil:Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg/100px-Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg/150px-Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg/200px-Royal_Banner_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div></td><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huset_Alpin" title="Huset Alpin">Huset Alpin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_I_av_Skottland" title="Kenneth I av Skottland">Kenneth mac Alpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_I_av_Skottland" title="Donald I av Skottland">Donald I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_I_av_Skottland" title="Konstantin I av Skottland">Konstantin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aedh_av_Skottland" title="Aedh av Skottland">Aedh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giric_av_Skottland" title="Giric av Skottland">Giric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eochaid_av_Skottland" title="Eochaid av Skottland">Eochaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_II_av_Skottland" title="Donald II av Skottland">Donald II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_II_av_Skottland" title="Konstantin II av Skottland">Konstantin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_I_av_Skottland" title="Malcolm I av Skottland">Malcolm I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indulf_av_Skottland" title="Indulf av Skottland">Indulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubh_av_Skottland" title="Dubh av Skottland">Dubh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culen_av_Skottland" title="Culen av Skottland">Culen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_II_av_Skottland" title="Kenneth II av Skottland">Kenneth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_III_av_Skottland" title="Konstantin III av Skottland">Konstantin III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_III_av_Skottland" title="Kenneth III av Skottland">Kenneth III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_I_av_Skottland" title="Duncan I av Skottland">Duncan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macbeth_av_Skottland" title="Macbeth av Skottland">Macbeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulach_av_Skottland" title="Lulach av Skottland">Lulach</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/100px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/150px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, 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<li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_IV_av_Skottland" title="Malcolm IV av Skottland">Malcolm IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_I_av_Skottland" title="Vilhelm I av Skottland">Vilhelm Løven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_II_av_Skottland" title="Aleksander II av Skottland">Aleksander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_III_av_Skottland" title="Aleksander III av Skottland">Aleksander III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_av_Skottland" title="Margaret av Skottland">Margaret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huset_Balliol" title="Huset Balliol">Huset Balliol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johan Balliol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Balliol" title="Edvard Balliol">Edvard Balliol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huset_Bruce" title="Huset Bruce">Huset Bruce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I_av_Skottland" title="Robert I av Skottland">Robert Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_II_av_Skottland" title="David II av Skottland">David II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huset_Stuart" title="Huset Stuart">Huset Stuart</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_II_av_Skottland" title="Robert II av Skottland">Robert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_III_av_Skottland" title="Robert III av Skottland">Robert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_I_av_Skottland" title="Jakob I av Skottland">Jakob I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_II_av_Skottland" title="Jakob II av Skottland">Jakob II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_III_av_Skottland" title="Jakob III av Skottland">Jakob III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_IV_av_Skottland" title="Jakob IV av Skottland">Jakob IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_V_av_Skottland" title="Jakob V av Skottland">Jakob V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Stuart" title="Maria Stuart">Maria I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_I_av_England" title="Jakob I av England">Jakob VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_I_av_England" title="Karl I av England">Karl I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_II_av_England" title="Karl II av England">Karl II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_II_av_England" title="Jakob II av England">Jakob VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_II_av_England" title="Maria II av England">Maria II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huset_Oranien-Nassau" title="Huset Oranien-Nassau">Huset Oranien-Nassau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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