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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orestes_and_Pylades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orestes_and_Pylades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Orestes and Pylades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orestes_and_Pylades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_of_Aegisthus_and_Clytemnestra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_of_Aegisthus_and_Clytemnestra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Death of Aegisthus and Clytemnestra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_of_Aegisthus_and_Clytemnestra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempted_murder_of_Helen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempted_murder_of_Helen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Attempted murder of Helen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempted_murder_of_Helen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tauris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tauris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Tauris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tauris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pylades_and_Orestes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pylades_and_Orestes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pylades and Orestes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pylades_and_Orestes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Pylades_in_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Pylades_in_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other Pylades in history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Pylades_in_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pylades</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Пілад – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пілад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Пилад – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пилад" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pylades" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADlades" title="Pílades – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pílades" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylad%C3%A9s" title="Pyladés – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pyladés" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pylades" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Πυλάδης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυλάδης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADlades" title="Pílades – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pílades" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilado" title="Pilado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pilado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="پولادس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پولادس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylade" title="Pylade – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pylade" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilade" title="Pilade – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pilade" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A1" title="פילאדס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פילאדס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="პილადესი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პილადესი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pylades" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pylades" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilad" title="Pilad – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pilad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Pylades" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pylades" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADlades" title="Pílades – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pílades" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Пилад – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пилад" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pylades" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Пилад – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пилад" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pylades" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pylades" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilades" title="Pilades – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pilades" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Пілад – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пілад" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pylades" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q494886#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pompeia._Orestes_and_Pylades.jpeg/450px-Pompeia._Orestes_and_Pylades.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pompeia._Orestes_and_Pylades.jpeg/600px-Pompeia._Orestes_and_Pylades.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>An antique fresco in <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> depicting a scene from 'Iphigenia among the Taurians' showing <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a>, Pylades and <a href="/wiki/Thoas_(king_of_the_Taurians)" title="Thoas (king of the Taurians)">King Thoas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, <b>Pylades</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>: Πυλάδης) was a <a href="/wiki/Phocis_(ancient_region)" title="Phocis (ancient region)">Phocian</a> prince as the son of King <a href="/wiki/Strophius" title="Strophius">Strophius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anaxibia" title="Anaxibia">Anaxibia</a> who is the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Atreus" title="Atreus">Atreus</a> and sister of <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is mostly known for his relationship with his cousin <a href="/wiki/Orestes_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orestes (mythology)">Orestes</a>, son of Agamemnon. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pylades&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg/220px-Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg/330px-Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg/440px-Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2323" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a> as a priestess of <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea#Tauri_and_Scythians" title="History of Crimea">Tauris</a> sets out to greet prisoners, amongst which are her brother <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> and his friend Pylades; a Roman fresco from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, 1st century AD</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orestes_and_Pylades">Orestes and Pylades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pylades&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Orestes and Pylades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orestes had been sent to Phocis during his mother <a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a>'s affair with <a href="/wiki/Aegisthus" title="Aegisthus">Aegisthus</a>. There he was raised with Pylades, and so considered him to be his closest friend. While Orestes was away, Clytemnestra killed her husband, Orestes' father <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_of_Aegisthus_and_Clytemnestra">Death of Aegisthus and Clytemnestra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pylades&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death of Aegisthus and Clytemnestra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As an adult, Orestes returns to <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a>/<a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a> to avenge the murder of Agamemnon. With the assistance of his friend Pylades, Orestes kills his mother Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus. While Pylades seems to be a very minor character, he is arguably the most vital piece of Orestes' plan to avenge his father. In <i><a href="/wiki/Oresteia#The_Libation_Bearers" title="Oresteia">The Libation Bearers</a>,</i> the second play of Aeschylus' trilogy <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oresteia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oresteia">The Oresteia</a></i>, Pylades speaks only once. His lines come at the moment Orestes begins to falter and second-guess his decision to kill his mother. It is Pylades who convinces Orestes to follow through with his plan for revenge and carry out the murder. The significance of Pylades' lines has invited speculation into whether or not he might represent something more than human next to Orestes; he might play the role of divine encouragement or fate.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In other versions of the revenge of Orestes and <a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Electra_(Sophocles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electra (Sophocles)"><i>Electra</i> of Sophocles</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Electra_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electra (Euripides)"><i>Electra</i> of Euripides</a>), Pylades accompanies Orestes, but does not speak. In the Sophocles version, Orestes pretends to be dead and Pylades carries the urn supposedly holding his friend's remains. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, Pylades killed two sons of <a href="/wiki/Nauplius_(mythology)" title="Nauplius (mythology)">Nauplius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oeax_(mythology)" title="Oeax (mythology)">Oeax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nausimedon" title="Nausimedon">Nausimedon</a>) who had come to aid Aegisthus.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieter_Lastman_-_De_offerstrijd_tussen_Orestes_en_Pylades_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pieter_Lastman_-_De_offerstrijd_tussen_Orestes_en_Pylades_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/300px-Pieter_Lastman_-_De_offerstrijd_tussen_Orestes_en_Pylades_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pieter_Lastman_-_De_offerstrijd_tussen_Orestes_en_Pylades_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/450px-Pieter_Lastman_-_De_offerstrijd_tussen_Orestes_en_Pylades_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pieter_Lastman_-_De_offerstrijd_tussen_Orestes_en_Pylades_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/600px-Pieter_Lastman_-_De_offerstrijd_tussen_Orestes_en_Pylades_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4003" data-file-height="2604" /></a><figcaption>Orestes and Pylades Disputing at the Altar, 1614 <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Lastman" title="Pieter Lastman">Pieter Lastman</a> (1583–1633)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pylades_orestes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Pylades_orestes.jpg/300px-Pylades_orestes.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Pylades_orestes.jpg/450px-Pylades_orestes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Pylades_orestes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption><i>Pylades and Orestes</i> by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bouchot" title="François Bouchot">François Bouchot</a>. Pylades is shown protecting Orestes during his spell of madness.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/300px-Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/450px-Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/600px-Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3464" data-file-height="2699" /></a><figcaption><i>Pylades and <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> Brought as Victims before <a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a>, 1766</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempted_murder_of_Helen">Attempted murder of Helen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pylades&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Attempted murder of Helen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pylades returns to his homeland, but is exiled by his father for taking part in the crime. He then returns to Orestes' side and helps him to come up with a plan to avoid execution. They attempt to murder <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a>, wife of Orestes' uncle <a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a>, after he proves to be of no help in protecting Orestes. However, their attempt fails through the intervention of the gods. They then take hostage <a href="/wiki/Hermione_(mythology)" title="Hermione (mythology)">Hermione</a>, daughter of Helen and Menelaus. <a href="/wiki/Apollo_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo (god)">Apollo</a> arrives to settle the situation and gives them all instructions, including one for Pylades to marry Orestes' sister <a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a>. Many of these events are depicted in Euripides' play <i><a href="/wiki/Orestes_(play)" title="Orestes (play)">Orestes</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tauris">Tauris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pylades&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tauris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pylades plays a major role in another of Euripides' plays, <i><a href="/wiki/Iphigeneia_in_Tauris" class="mw-redirect" title="Iphigeneia in Tauris">Iphigeneia in Tauris</a></i>. In order to escape the persecutions of the <a href="/wiki/Erinyes" title="Erinyes">Erinyes</a>, Orestes is ordered by Apollo to go to <a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea#Tauri_and_Scythians" title="History of Crimea">Tauris</a>, carry off the statue of <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a>, which had fallen from heaven, and bring it to <a href="/wiki/Athens,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens, Greece">Athens</a>. He goes to Tauris with Pylades and the pair are at once imprisoned by the people, among whom the custom is to sacrifice all strangers to Artemis. Orestes is seized by a mania for fear of the barbarians; Pylades tends to him, acting, as described in <a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Amores_(Lucian)" title="Amores (Lucian)">Amores</a></i> "not only like a lover but like a father."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The priestess of Artemis, whose duty it is to perform the sacrifice, is Orestes' sister <a href="/wiki/Iphigeneia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iphigeneia">Iphigeneia</a>. She offers to release Orestes if he carries home a letter from her to Greece; he refuses to go, but bids Pylades take the letter while he himself stays to be slain. Pylades eventually agrees, but the letter causes Orestes to recognise Iphigenia and reveal himself. The three escape together, carrying with them the image of Artemis.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pylades_and_Orestes">Pylades and Orestes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pylades&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pylades and Orestes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The relationship between Orestes and Pylades has been presented by some authors of the Roman era as romantic or homoerotic. The dialogue <i>Erotes</i> ("Affairs of the Heart"), attributed to <a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a>, compares the merits and advantages of heterosexuality and homoeroticism, and Orestes and Pylades are presented as the principal representatives of a loving friendship: </p> <dl><dd>“Phocis preserves from early times the memory between Orestes and Pylades, who taking a god as witness of the passion between them, sailed through life together as though in one boat. Both together put to death Klytemnestra, as though both were sons of Agamemnon; and Aegisthus was slain by both. Pylades suffered more than his friend by the punishment which pursued Orestes. He stood by him when condemned, nor did they limit their tender partnership to the bounds of Greece, but sailed to the farthest boundaries of the Scythians – the one sick, the other ministering to him. When they had come into the Tauric land, straightaway they were met by the matricidal fury; and while the inhabitants were standing round in a circle, Orestes fell down and lay on the ground, seized by his usual condition, while Pylades ‘wiped away the foam, tended his body, and covered him with his well-woven cloak’ – acting not only like a brother but like a father too. When it was determined that one should remain to be put to death, and the other should go to Mycenae to convey a letter, each wishes to remain for the sake of the other, thinking that if he saves the life of his friend, he saves his own life. Orestes refuses to take the letter, saying that Pylades was more worthy to carry it, acting more like the older lover than the younger. ‘For,’ he said, ‘the slaying of this man would be a great grief to me, as I am the cause of these misfortunes.’ And he added, ‘Give the tablet to him, for (turning to Pylades) I will send thee to Argos, in order that it may be well with thee; as for me, let anyone kill me who desires it.’ Such love is always like that; for when from boyhood a serious love has grown up and it becomes adult at the age of reason, the long-loved object returns reciprocal affection, and it is hard to determine which the lover of which, for – as from a mirror – the affection of the lover is reflected from the beloved.” (47, W. J. Baylis)</dd></dl> <p>In 1734, <a href="/wiki/George_Frederic_Handel" class="mw-redirect" title="George Frederic Handel">George Frederic Handel</a>'s opera <i><a href="/wiki/Oreste" title="Oreste">Oreste</a></i> (based on Giangualberto Barlocci's Roman libretto of 1723), was premiered in London's <a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a>. The fame of Lucian's works in the 18th century, as well as the generally well-known tradition of Greco-Roman heroic homoeroticism, made it natural for theatre audiences of that period to have recognized an intense, romantic, if not positively homoerotic quality, to the relationship between Orestes and Pylades. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Pylades_in_history">Other Pylades in history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pylades&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other Pylades in history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the assassination of Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a> by the Pretorian Guard and the auctioning of the Emperorship, the new emperor, <a href="/wiki/Didius_Julianus" title="Didius Julianus">Didius Julianus</a>, celebrated as follows: "A magnificent feast was prepared by his order, and he amused himself till a very late hour, with dice, and the performances of Pylades, a celebrated dancer."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pylades&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robin Hard, The Routledge Encyclopedia of Greek Mythology, 2008, p. 708</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHard2004" class="citation book cs1">Hard, Robin (2004). <i>The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology</i>. New York: Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 510, 566, 705, 708. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-203-44633-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-203-44633-X"><bdi>0-203-44633-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Greek+Mythology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=510%2C+566%2C+705%2C+708&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-203-44633-X&rft.aulast=Hard&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APylades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aeschylus. <i>The Oresteia.</i> Trans. Hugh Lloyd-Jones. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <i>Graeciae Descriptio</i> 1.22.6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lucian. <i>The Amores.</i> Trans. W.J. Baylis.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Euripides. Iphigenia Among the Taurians. Trans. Moses Hadas and John McLean. New York: Random House, Inc., 2006. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGibbon1914" class="citation book cs1">Gibbon, Edward (1914). "V". In Bury, J.B. (ed.). <i>The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire</i>. Vol. 1. New York: MacMillan Company. p. 117.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=V&rft.btitle=The+Decline+and+Fall+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=MacMillan+Company&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Gibbon&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APylades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pylades&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i>The Complete Greek Drama</i>, edited by Whitney J. Oates and Eugene O'Neill, Jr. in two volumes. 1. Iphigenia in Tauris, translated by Robert Potter. New York. Random House. 1938. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0112">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a> Euripides, <i>Euripidis Fabulae.</i> <i>vol. 2</i>. Gilbert Murray. Oxford. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1913. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0111">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Hard, Robin, <i>The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology"</i>, Psychology Press, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415186360" title="Special:BookSources/9780415186360">9780415186360</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC">Google Books</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <i>Description of Greece</i> with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-99328-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-99328-4">0-674-99328-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a></li> <li>Pausanias, <i>Graeciae Descriptio.</i> <i>3 vols</i>. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0159">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>28 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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