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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古典時代及中世紀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古典時代及中世紀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>古典時代及中世紀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古典時代及中世紀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-以宗教為劃分依據" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#以宗教為劃分依據"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>以宗教為劃分依據</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-以宗教為劃分依據-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-冷戰時的劃分方式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#冷戰時的劃分方式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>冷戰時的劃分方式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-冷戰時的劃分方式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西歐聯盟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西歐聯盟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>西歐聯盟</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西歐聯盟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地形特点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地形特点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>地形特点</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地形特点-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地形特点子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地形特点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-歐洲海岸线曲折" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歐洲海岸线曲折"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>歐洲海岸线曲折</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歐洲海岸线曲折-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-以平原和山地为主" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#以平原和山地为主"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>以平原和山地为主</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-以平原和山地为主-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氣候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氣候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>氣候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氣候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人文特點" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人文特點"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>人文特點</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人文特點-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考來源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考來源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參考來源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考來源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">西欧</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。136种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%ABrupa_Barat" title="Iërupa Barat – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Iërupa Barat" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes-Europa" title="Wes-Europa – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wes-Europa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westeuropa" title="Westeuropa – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Westeuropa" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%95%E1%88%AB%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%AE%E1%8D%93" title="ምዕራባዊ አውሮፓ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ምዕራባዊ አውሮፓ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Occidental" title="Europa Occidental – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Europa Occidental" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westernu_Europe" title="Westernu Europe – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Westernu Europe" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أوروبا الغربية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوروبا الغربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اوروبا الغربيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوروبا الغربيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Occidental" title="Europa Occidental – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Europa Occidental" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taltefa_Europa" title="Taltefa Europa – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Taltefa Europa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99rbi_Avropa" title="Qərbi Avropa – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qərbi Avropa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="باتی اوروپا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باتی اوروپا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Көнбайыш Европа – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Көнбайыш Европа" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Заходняя Еўропа – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заходняя Еўропа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Заходняя Эўропа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Заходняя Эўропа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Западна Европа – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Западна Европа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA" title="পশ্চিম ইউরোপ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পশ্চিম ইউরোপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_ar_C%27hornaoueg" title="Europa ar C'hornaoueg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Europa ar C'hornaoueg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_Evropa" title="Zapadna Evropa – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zapadna Evropa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Occidental" title="Europa Occidental – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Europa Occidental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7" title="ئەورووپای ڕۆژاوا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەورووپای ڕۆژاوا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Evropa" title="Západní Evropa – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západní Evropa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D1%B5%D1%80%D1%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Ꙁападьна Єѵрѡпа – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙁападьна Єѵрѡпа" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%C4%83%C3%A7_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Хĕвеланăç енчи Европа – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хĕвеланăç енчи Европа" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorllewin_Ewrop" title="Gorllewin Ewrop – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gorllewin Ewrop" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesteuropa" title="Vesteuropa – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vesteuropa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westeuropa" title="Westeuropa – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Westeuropa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewropay_Rocawani" title="Ewropay Rocawani – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ewropay Rocawani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B7" title="Δυτική Ευρώπη – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυτική Ευρώπη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Western Europe" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcidenta_E%C5%ADropo" title="Okcidenta Eŭropo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Okcidenta Eŭropo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Occidental" title="Europa Occidental – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Europa Occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Euroopa" title="Lääne-Euroopa – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lääne-Euroopa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendebaldeko_Europa" title="Mendebaldeko Europa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mendebaldeko Europa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropa_Ocidental" title="Uropa Ocidental – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Uropa Ocidental" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="غرب اروپا – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غرب اروپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4nsi-Eurooppa" title="Länsi-Eurooppa – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Länsi-Eurooppa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesturevropa" title="Vesturevropa – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vesturevropa" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_de_l%27Ouest" title="Europe de l'Ouest – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Europe de l'Ouest" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa_du_Cuchient" title="Eropa du Cuchient – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Eropa du Cuchient" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waasteuroopa" title="Waasteuroopa – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Waasteuroopa" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Jeropa" title="West-Jeropa – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="West-Jeropa" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iarthar_na_hEorpa" title="Iarthar na hEorpa – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iarthar na hEorpa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnbat%C4%B1s%C4%B1_Evropa" title="Günbatısı Evropa – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Günbatısı Evropa" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Occidental" title="Europa Occidental – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Europa Occidental" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarahyreike_Eur%C3%B3pa" title="Kuarahyreike Európa – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarahyreike Európa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Oarpey_Heear" title="Yn Oarpey Heear – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Oarpey Heear" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AE-%C3%8Au" title="Sî-Êu – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sî-Êu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="מערב אירופה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערב אירופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="पश्चिमी यूरोप – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पश्चिमी यूरोप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_Europa" title="Zapadna Europa – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zapadna Europa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ew%C3%B2p_Lw%C3%A8s" title="Ewòp Lwès – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ewòp Lwès" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyugat-Eur%C3%B3pa" title="Nyugat-Európa – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyugat-Európa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B4%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1" title="Արևմտյան Եվրոպա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևմտյան Եվրոպա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Occidental" title="Europa Occidental – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Europa Occidental" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa_Barat" title="Eropa Barat – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eropa Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akinlaud_nga_Europa" title="Akinlaud nga Europa – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Akinlaud nga Europa" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Малхбузера Европа – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Малхбузера Европа" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westal_Europa" title="Westal Europa – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Westal Europa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestur-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Vestur-Evrópa – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vestur-Evrópa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_occidentale" title="Europa occidentale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Europa occidentale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91" title="西ヨーロッパ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西ヨーロッパ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ropa_Kulon" title="Éropa Kulon – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Éropa Kulon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="დასავლეთი ევროპა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დასავლეთი ევროპა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C4%B1s_Evropa" title="Batıs Evropa – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Batıs Evropa" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuft_Umalu" title="Turuft Umalu – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Turuft Umalu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Батыс Еуропа – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Батыс Еуропа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಯುರೋಪ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಯುರೋಪ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD" title="서유럽 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서유럽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Кюнбатыш Европа – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кюнбатыш Европа" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewropaya_Rojava" title="Ewropaya Rojava – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ewropaya Rojava" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Occidentalis" title="Europa Occidentalis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Europa Occidentalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropa_Oksidentala" title="Evropa Oksidentala – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Evropa Oksidentala" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_ueste" title="Europa ueste – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Europa ueste" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes-Europa" title="Wes-Europa – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wes-Europa" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_dl_vest" title="Europa dl vest – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Europa dl vest" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakar%C5%B3_Europa" title="Vakarų Europa – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vakarų Europa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietumeiropa" title="Rietumeiropa – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rietumeiropa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa_Kulon" title="Eropa Kulon – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Eropa Kulon" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eor%C3%B4pa_Andrefana" title="Eorôpa Andrefana – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Eorôpa Andrefana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Западна Европа – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Западна Европа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Баруун Европ – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Баруун Европ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="पश्चिम युरोप – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पश्चिम युरोप" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropah_Barat" title="Eropah Barat – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Eropah Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Europa" title="West-Europa – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="West-Europa" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="पश्चिमी युरोप – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पश्चिमी युरोप" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Europa" title="West-Europa – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="West-Europa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vest-Europa" title="Vest-Europa – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vest-Europa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vest-Europa" title="Vest-Europa – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vest-Europa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_Occidentala" title="Euròpa Occidentala – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Euròpa Occidentala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB%C3%A6%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%C3%A6" title="Ныгуылæн Европæ – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ныгуылæн Европæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA" title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਯੂਰਪ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਯੂਰਪ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Zachodnia" title="Europa Zachodnia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Europa Zachodnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE" title="لہندا یورپ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لہندا یورپ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%8A%DA%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="لوېديځه اروپا – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لوېديځه اروپا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Ocidental" title="Europa Ocidental – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Europa Ocidental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_de_Vest" title="Europa de Vest – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Europa de Vest" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Западная Европа – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западная Европа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Западна Европа – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Западна Европа" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_otzidentale" title="Europa otzidentale – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Europa otzidentale" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastren_Europe" title="Wastren Europe – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wastren Europe" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE" title="مغربي يورپ – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مغربي يورپ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_Evropa" title="Zapadna Evropa – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zapadna Evropa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Western Europe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%A1_Eur%C3%B3pa" title="Západná Európa – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Západná Európa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahodna_Evropa" title="Zahodna Evropa – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zahodna Evropa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurubta_Galbeed" title="Yurubta Galbeed – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Yurubta Galbeed" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropa_Per%C3%ABndimore" title="Evropa Perëndimore – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Evropa Perëndimore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Западна Европа – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Западна Европа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4steuropa" title="Västeuropa – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Västeuropa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulaya_ya_Magharibi" title="Ulaya ya Magharibi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ulaya ya Magharibi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachodni%C5%8F_Ojropa" title="Zachodniŏ Ojropa – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Zachodniŏ Ojropa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE" title="மேற்கு ஐரோப்பா – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேற்கு ஐரோப்பா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Аврупои Ғарбӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аврупои Ғарбӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81" title="ยุโรปตะวันตก – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุโรปตะวันตก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnbatar_%C3%9Dewropa" title="Günbatar Ýewropa – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Günbatar Ýewropa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanlurang_Europa" title="Kanlurang Europa – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kanlurang Europa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Avrupa" title="Batı Avrupa – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batı Avrupa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Көнбатыш Аурупа – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Көнбатыш Аурупа" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Західна Європа – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західна Європа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE" title="مغربی یورپ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغربی یورپ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoropa_osidenta%C5%82e" title="Eoropa osidentałe – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Eoropa osidentałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2y_%C3%82u" title="Tây Âu – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tây Âu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Europa" title="West-Europa – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="West-Europa" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urope_co%C3%BBtchantrece" title="Urope coûtchantrece – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Urope coûtchantrece" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katundan_nga_Europa" title="Katundan nga Europa – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Katundan nga Europa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowwu_Tugal" title="Sowwu Tugal – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sowwu Tugal" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西欧" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="ბჟადალი ევროპა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბჟადალი ევროპა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2" title="מערב-אייראפע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מערב-אייראפע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%A1%C3%ACw%E1%BB%8D%CC%80%C3%B2r%C3%B9n_Europe" title="Apáìwọ̀òrùn Europe – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Apáìwọ̀òrùn Europe" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Europa" title="West-Europa – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="West-Europa" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%95%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90" title="西歐 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西歐" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai_Au-chiu" title="Sai Au-chiu – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sai Au-chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90" title="西歐 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西歐" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Western_Europe" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27496" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" 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td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">西欧</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_subregion_map_world_factbook.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Europe_subregion_map_world_factbook.svg/280px-Europe_subregion_map_world_factbook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Europe_subregion_map_world_factbook.svg/420px-Europe_subregion_map_world_factbook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Europe_subregion_map_world_factbook.svg/560px-Europe_subregion_map_world_factbook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5" title="世界概况">世界概况</a>》一書中所定義的歐洲分區，淺藍色為西歐。</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">國家和地區</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷蘭</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">盧森堡</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/22px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/33px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/44px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦斯登">列支敦斯登</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩納哥</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">人口</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">192,746,859</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_subregion_map_UN_geoscheme.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Europe_subregion_map_UN_geoscheme.svg/300px-Europe_subregion_map_UN_geoscheme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Europe_subregion_map_UN_geoscheme.svg/450px-Europe_subregion_map_UN_geoscheme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Europe_subregion_map_UN_geoscheme.svg/600px-Europe_subregion_map_UN_geoscheme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>聯合國定義的西歐為圖淺藍色地區，普遍認為是西歐國家的英國和愛爾蘭在聯合國內卻被算作是北歐，而德國、瑞士、奧地利等中歐國家則被算作是西歐。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>西欧</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Western Europe</span>），指的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>地理上的西半部，該地區的國家數量因語境而異。 </p><p>“西欧”的概念在很長一段時間內都是“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">東欧</a>”的对照語，最初模糊的適用於古代地中海世界（西欧即<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西羅馬帝國">西羅馬帝國</a>，东欧即<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a>），隨後是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>的基督教世界（西欧即<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>国家群，东欧即<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a>国家群）。從<a href="/wiki/15%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="15世紀">15世紀</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興">文藝復興</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="大航海時代">大航海時代</a>開始，整個<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>都可以稱為“西歐”，這個劃分法取代了原本的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>劃分法<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="啟蒙時代">啟蒙時代</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="工業革命">工業革命</a>產生之後，“西歐”和“東歐”才開始和現代定義接近<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在地理意義中，歐洲西部是濒临<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>的國家及其附屬岛屿之總稱，面积约500万平方公里，在這個範圍內的西歐國家均在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>的东岸，處於北纬35°～60°的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="北温带">北温带</a>之內。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">西歐一般有以下幾種定義：</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2024年9月18日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>狹義：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a>這4國，無論在何種算法之下都是西歐國家。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>定義：除狹義西歐四國外，加入<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭共和國">爱尔兰</a>，以及西南歐的<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%B4%8D%E5%93%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="摩納哥">摩納哥</a>，共7國，俗稱“西歐七國”，目前華人的地理及旅遊較為常用此種定義。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>定義：除狹義西歐四國外，再加入<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E5%A3%AB%E7%99%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="列支敦士登">列支敦士登</a>，共8國。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="冷戰">冷戰</a>時定義：在1947年到1991年期，國際輿論將<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>西半部的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="民主主義">民主主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="资本主义">资本主义</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="北約">北約</a>國家全體都叫作西欧，除CIA和聯合國定義的國家外，還可再加入<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>，共14國。</li> <li>廣義：此概念在全世界的歷史學界中經常被混亂使用，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="東法蘭克王國">東法蘭克王國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF" title="萊茵邦聯">萊茵邦聯</a>等國被算成是西歐，但其實它們在地理上都屬於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="中歐">中歐</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此段落<b>可能包含<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究">原创研究</a>。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2023年2月</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充参考资料、添加<a href="/wiki/Template:Original_research_inline" title="Template:Original research inline">相关内联标签</a>和删除原创研究内容以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。详细情况请参见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="Talk:西欧">讨论页</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古典時代及中世紀"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E5.85.B8.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3.E5.8F.8A.E4.B8.AD.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80"></span>古典時代及中世紀</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：古典時代及中世紀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Expansion_of_christianity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Expansion_of_christianity.jpg/250px-Expansion_of_christianity.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Expansion_of_christianity.jpg/375px-Expansion_of_christianity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Expansion_of_christianity.jpg/500px-Expansion_of_christianity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1388" data-file-height="1131" /></a><figcaption>描述<a href="/wiki/1054%E5%B9%B4" title="1054年">1054年</a>的基督教大分裂的圖，當時的東西歐主要要以宗教信仰來劃分<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>征服歐洲大部份地區之前，西歐基本屬於<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="拉坦诺文化">拉坦诺文化</a>。但隨著羅馬的擴張，在形成高度城市化的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="希臘文明">希臘文明</a>的殖民地以及講<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>的東部省份，和主要用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>的西部地區之間出現了嚴重的文化分裂。這種分裂最終因為羅馬帝國自身的解體而得到加強。從舊羅馬帝國獨立出來的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西羅馬帝國">西羅馬帝國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a>分別用自己的語言同化了3世紀和5世紀之間的東西歐洲。 </p><p>在古代晚期和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>，許多重大的歷史事件加劇了東西羅馬之間的分化。西羅馬帝國在中世紀早期就已經完全滅亡；相比之下，東羅馬帝國則更多的被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="希腊帝国">希臘帝國</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭帝國">拜占庭帝國</a>，這個國家繼續倖存了1000年，甚至還經歷了幾次繁榮復甦。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="加洛林王朝">加洛林王朝</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭克王國">法蘭克王國</a>取代了西羅馬帝國的地位，並信仰<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>，加洛林王朝的這一行為讓東西歐的宗教也完全分裂，羅馬天主教從此無法與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a>在教義上統一。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/15%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="15世紀">15世紀</a>，信仰<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧斯曼土耳其帝國">奧斯曼土耳其帝國</a>迅速征服了東正教的中心<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭帝國">拜占庭帝國</a>，讓東正教的勢力大為衰減。另一方面，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>則取代了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭克王國">法蘭克王國</a>，開始在西歐積極傳播天主教，這使得羅馬天主教的勢力繼續增強。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>古代，對<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%90%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="亞歐大陸">亞歐大陸</a>的最西部並沒有一個確切的稱謂，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="中國人">中國人</a>模糊的稱此為“太西”，日本人則稱為“Taisei（たいせい）”，直譯為“世界的最西端”。現代地理意義上的西歐，一開始在東亞被稱為“遠西（Far West）”，於中国<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>文獻中首次出现，其發明者是<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>耶穌會的牧師<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%91%AA%E7%AB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="利瑪竇">利瑪竇</a>。他使用“遠西”作為“<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1" title="遠東">遠東</a>”這個概念的對應物。在利瑪竇的著作中，利瑪竇經常稱自己為“遠西的瑪竇”<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。該術語在現代東亞是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="死語">死語</a>，於19世紀末和20世紀初在中國和日本流行了一段時間後就不再使用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="以宗教為劃分依據"><span id=".E4.BB.A5.E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E7.82.BA.E5.8A.83.E5.88.86.E4.BE.9D.E6.93.9A"></span>以宗教為劃分依據</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：以宗教為劃分依據"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1054%E5%B9%B4" title="1054年">1054年</a>東西方基督教會分裂，基督教分為西方的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬天主教">羅馬天主教</a>和東方的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a>。這種用宗教信仰把歐洲一分為二的劃分方式持續了非常久。西歐即受<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>管轄之區域，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="東歐">東歐</a>即受<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a>管轄之區域。 </p><p>不過，自<a href="/wiki/16%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="16世紀">16世紀</a>宗教改革以來，西歐的天主教發生了二度分裂，即原本的天主教和改革而來的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="基督新教">基督新教</a>。既使到了現代，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>依然是西歐最大的宗教，根據<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%A4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="皮尤研究中心">皮尤研究中心</a>於<a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4" title="2018年">2018年</a>的一項研究，有高達71%的西歐人自認為是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>因此在歷史文獻中，經常能看到西歐和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="東歐">東歐</a>與現代的地理現實完全不符，所以西歐也會包括信<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>的全體國家，例如明顯不是歐洲西部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="中歐">中歐</a>國家，而東歐則包括信<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="东南欧">東南歐</a>國家。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="冷戰時的劃分方式"><span id=".E5.86.B7.E6.88.B0.E6.99.82.E7.9A.84.E5.8A.83.E5.88.86.E6.96.B9.E5.BC.8F"></span>冷戰時的劃分方式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：冷戰時的劃分方式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe-blocs-49-89x4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Europe-blocs-49-89x4.svg/250px-Europe-blocs-49-89x4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Europe-blocs-49-89x4.svg/375px-Europe-blocs-49-89x4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Europe-blocs-49-89x4.svg/500px-Europe-blocs-49-89x4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>冷戰期間歐洲的政治勢力範圍；中立國家（陰影灰色或淺藍色）被認為非正式地面向西方但未正式與西方結盟</figcaption></figure> <p>在冷戰的40年裏，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="東方集團">東方集團</a>的存在大大簡化了東西歐的定義，屬於東方集團的即東歐，不屬於的即西歐。但到了現代，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史學">歷史學</a>家和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="社會學">社會學</a>家普遍認為這種冷戰時代的劃分方式已經過時<sup id="cite_ref-cotf.edu_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotf.edu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-review_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>的最後階段，歐洲的未來在<a href="/wiki/1945%E5%B9%B4" title="1945年">1945年</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%88%BE%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="雅爾塔會議">雅爾塔會議</a>》上由同盟國三巨頭決定，他們是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="英國首相">英國首相</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E4%B8%98%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="溫斯頓·丘吉爾">溫斯頓·丘吉爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="美國總統">美國總統</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="富蘭克林·羅斯福">富蘭克林·羅斯福</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="苏联部长会议主席">蘇聯部長會議主席</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="約瑟夫·斯大林">約瑟夫·斯大林</a>。 </p><p>戰後歐洲將分為兩個主要領域：受<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>影響的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="西方集團">西方集團</a>，和受<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>影響的東方集團。隨著<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="冷戰">冷戰</a>的開始，歐洲被一道<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%B9%95" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵幕">鐵幕</a>分割為二。“鐵幕”這個詞在第二次世界大戰期間被德國宣傳部長<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E5%9F%B9%E7%88%BE" title="約瑟夫·戈培爾">約瑟夫·戈培爾</a>使用，後來在戰爭的最後幾天被Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk伯爵使用；然而，它的使用被英國首相<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E4%B8%98%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="溫斯頓·丘吉爾">溫斯頓·丘吉爾</a>廣泛推廣，他於1946年3月5日在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%98%87%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%9E" title="密蘇里州">密蘇里州</a>的富爾頓的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E6%95%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2_(%E5%AF%86%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%9E)" title="威斯敏斯特学院 (密苏里州)">威斯敏斯特學院</a>發表了著名的“和平的力量”演講： <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>從<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="波羅的海">波羅的海</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="斯德丁">斯德丁</a>，到<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞得里亞海">亞得里亞海</a>的的里雅斯特，整個歐洲大陸已經緩緩落下一道鐵幕。在那條線的後面是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="中歐">中歐</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="東歐">東歐</a>古代國家們的首都——<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B2%99" class="mw-redirect" title="華沙">華沙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="布拉格">布拉格</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%81%94%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="布達佩斯">布達佩斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%BC%E8%90%8A%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="貝爾格萊德">貝爾格萊德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布加勒斯特">布加勒斯特</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="索非亞">索非亞</a>。所有這些著名的城市及其週圍的居民都處於<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>的勢力範圍之內，並且都以某種形式受到蘇聯的影響，受到來自莫斯科的非常高壓控制。</p></blockquote> <p>儘管有些國家在官方上是中立的，但它們是根據其政治和經濟制度的性質進行分類的。這種劃分在很大程度上定義了人們對<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="西歐">西歐</a>及其與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="東歐">東歐</a>邊界的普遍看法。 </p><p>隨著<a href="/wiki/1989%E5%B9%B4" title="1989年">1989年</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%B9%95" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵幕">鐵幕</a>的倒塌，世界發生了翻天覆地的變化。<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7" title="西德">西德</a>和平地的吞併了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%B7" title="東德">東德</a>，實現了<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80" title="兩德統一">兩德統一</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="互金會">互金會</a>和《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B2%99%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="華沙條約組織">華沙條約組織</a>》解散。<a href="/wiki/1991%E5%B9%B4" title="1991年">1991年</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯解體">蘇聯解體</a>消亡，曾經是蘇聯一部份的國家獲得了完全的獨立。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="西歐聯盟"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E6.AD.90.E8.81.AF.E7.9B.9F"></span>西歐聯盟</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：西歐聯盟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KarteWEUStaaten.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/KarteWEUStaaten.png/250px-KarteWEUStaaten.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/KarteWEUStaaten.png/375px-KarteWEUStaaten.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/KarteWEUStaaten.png/500px-KarteWEUStaaten.png 2x" data-file-width="1245" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="西歐聯盟">西歐聯盟</a>及其成員國</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/1948%E5%B9%B4" title="1948年">1948年</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>簽署了《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-disambig" title="布魯塞爾條約">布魯塞爾條約</a>》，標誌著成立西歐聯盟。在這個聯盟存在的時候，其成員國被視為是純粹的西歐國家。<a href="/wiki/1954%E5%B9%B4" title="1954年">1954年</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="西歐聯盟">西歐聯盟</a>成立的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴黎會議（页面不存在）">巴黎會議</a>》上，它被進一步重新討論，西歐聯盟最終於<a href="/wiki/2011%E5%B9%B4" title="2011年">2011年</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="里斯本條約">里斯本條約</a>》簽訂後宣佈解散，《布魯塞爾條約》在此時終止。西歐聯盟解散時，有10個成員國、6個準成員國、5個觀察員國和7個準夥伴國。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地形特点"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E5.BD.A2.E7.89.B9.E7.82.B9"></span>地形特点</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：地形特点"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="歐洲海岸线曲折"><span id=".E6.AD.90.E6.B4.B2.E6.B5.B7.E5.B2.B8.E7.BA.BF.E6.9B.B2.E6.8A.98"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="海岸线">海岸线</a>曲折</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：歐洲海岸线曲折"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于大西洋海水深入陆地，许多<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%B5%B7" title="内海">内海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="边缘海">边缘海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%A3" title="海灣">海湾</a>，使歐洲大陆边缘被分割成许多<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="半岛">半岛</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="岛屿">岛屿</a>，因此，海岸线特别曲折。歐洲主要的半岛，主要的岛屿有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="不列颠群岛">不列颠群岛</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a>，它们都是連接<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>的國際海路，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="地理大發現時期">地理大發現時期</a>與世界歷史中佔有重要的地位，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7_(%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B)" title="北海 (大西洋)">北海</a>位于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="不列颠群岛">不列颠群岛</a>以东，是重要的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="边缘海">边缘海</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="以平原和山地为主"><span id=".E4.BB.A5.E5.B9.B3.E5.8E.9F.E5.92.8C.E5.B1.B1.E5.9C.B0.E4.B8.BA.E4.B8.BB"></span>以平原和山地为主</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：以平原和山地为主"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>本区地形以平原和山地为主，平原主要分布在法國、荷蘭、比利時一帶，這三個國家雖然擁有較小的面積，但其農業產出尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%B7%BB%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="精緻農業">精緻農業</a>卻能夠輸出全世界，尤其以法國為典型的農業先進國代表。無論西歐陸地還是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="不列顛群島">不列顛群島</a>，其平原的部分地区因有古代<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a>冰磧物的堆积，因此地形波状起伏，有低缓的波状<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5" title="丘陵">丘陵</a>；在法國平原更多，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="荷比卢">荷比盧</a>地勢低窪的沼澤更多，在英國低矮丘陵更多。地理位置最高處是法國-意大利边境上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E6%9C%97%E5%B3%B0" title="勃朗峰">勃朗峰</a>海拔4 087米，為本区以及全歐洲最高的山峰，山脉两侧也散布着一些湖泊，它们是很久以前有阿尔卑斯山地冰川作用形成的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="氣候"><span id=".E6.B0.A3.E5.80.99"></span>氣候</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：氣候"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>受到西風及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E7%92%B0%E6%B5%81" title="北大西洋環流">北大西洋環流</a>影響，基本屬於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带海洋性气候">温带海洋性气候</a>，使歐洲港口不會結冰。在歐洲歷史上，這促使英、法、荷蘭等國的造船技術得以精益求精，並且在經驗累積過後能迅速轉化為實用，讓它們在17～19世紀能領先世界、稱霸海洋，甚至海權起步非常晚的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="比利时王国">比利時王國</a>都能在非洲獲得大片殖民地。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人文特點"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E6.96.87.E7.89.B9.E9.BB.9E"></span>人文特點</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：人文特點"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>西歐國家以<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>為代表，率先展開人類歷史上第一產工業革命，借機在19～20世紀中的兩百年中稱霸世界，西歐各國均擁有豐富的<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="煤礦">煤礦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵礦">鐵礦</a>，而且很早就建立了成熟的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="议会民主">議會民主制度</a>，讓其無論在工業時代早期、還是二戰後的世界都能維持全球頂尖的的GDP、人均收入和流行文化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考來源"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E4.BE.86.E6.BA.90"></span>參考來源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：參考來源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Delanty, Gerard. The Westernisation of Europe. Inventing Europe Idea, Identity, Reality. 1995: 30. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-333-62203-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-333-62203-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-333-62203-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230379657"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1057/9780230379657</span></a>. <q>Until the late fifteenth century the idea of Europe was principally a geographical expression and subordinated to Christendom which was the dominant identity system in the West. The idea of Europe as the West began to be consolidated in the foreign conquests of the age of 'discovery" (...) "Europe then begins to shed itself of its association with Christendom and slowly becomes an autonomous discourse.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&rft.atitle=The+Westernisation+of+Europe&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft.aulast=Delanty&rft.btitle=Inventing+Europe+Idea%2C+Identity%2C+Reality&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-333-62203-2&rft.pages=30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780230379657&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sushytska, Julia. Bradatan, Costica , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/SUSWIE">What Is Eastern Europe? A Philosophical Approach</a>. Angelaki (<a href="/wiki/Routledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>). 2012: 39–51 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-02-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221008130317/https://philpapers.org/rec/SUSWIE">存档</a>于2022-10-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&rft.atitle=What+Is+Eastern+Europe%3F+A+Philosophical+Approach&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft.aulast=Sushytska&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Angelaki&rft.pages=39-51&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Frec%2FSUSWIE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130610034842/http://rbedrosian.com/Maps/ahgh66b.htm">Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land</a>. Rbedrosian.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2013]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbedrosian.com/Maps/ahgh66b.htm">原始内容</a>存档于10 June 2013）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+the+Historical+Geography+of+the+Holy+Land&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Rbedrosian.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbedrosian.com%2FMaps%2Fahgh66b.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130213233630/http://home.comcast.net/~DiazStudents/MiddleAgesChurchMap1.jpg">home.comcast.net</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2013]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.comcast.net/~DiazStudents/MiddleAgesChurchMap1.jpg">原始内容</a>存档于13 February 2013）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&rft.btitle=home.comcast.net&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.comcast.net%2F~DiazStudents%2FMiddleAgesChurchMap1.jpg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ricci, Matteo. On Friendship: One Hundred Maxims for a Chinese Prince. Translated by Timothy Billings. Columbia University Press. 1610: 19, 71, 87 [2009]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0231149242" title="Special:网络书源/978-0231149242"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0231149242</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&rft.aufirst=Matteo&rft.aulast=Ricci&rft.btitle=On+Friendship%3A+One+Hundred+Maxims+for+a+Chinese+Prince&rft.date=1610&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0231149242&rft.pages=19%2C+71%2C+87&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF2018" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/being-christian-in-western-europe/">Being Christian in Western Europe</a>, Pew Research Center (Pew Research Center), 2018 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2018]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925225152/http://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/being-christian-in-western-europe/">存档</a>于2018-09-25）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&rft.atitle=Being+Christian+in+Western+Europe&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2018%2F05%2F29%2Fbeing-christian-in-western-europe%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cotf.edu-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cotf.edu_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"One very common, but now outdated, definition of Eastern Europe was the Soviet-dominated communist countries of Europe."<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cotf.edu/earthinfo/balkans/BKdef.html">http://www.cotf.edu/earthinfo/balkans/BKdef.html</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171210020555/http://www.cotf.edu/earthinfo/balkans/BKdef.html">存檔</a>，存档日期10 December 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-review-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-review_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Too much writing on the region has – consciously or unconsciously – clung to an outdated image of 'Eastern Europe', desperately trying to patch together political and social developments from Budapest to Bukhara or Tallinn to Tashkent without acknowledging that this Cold War frame of reference is coming apart at the seams. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ce-review.org/99/1/hanley1.html">Central Europe Review: Re-Viewing Central Europe By Sean Hanley, Kazi Stastna and Andrew Stroehlein, 1999</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171031132532/http://www.ce-review.org/99/1/hanley1.html">存檔</a>，存档日期31 October 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Berglund, Sten; Ekman, Joakim; Aarebrot, Frank H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HeRzzwzdfPkC&q=Eastern+Europe+term+outdated&pg=PA2">The handbook of political change in Eastern Europe</a>. 2004: 2 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2011]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781781954324" title="Special:网络书源/9781781954324"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781781954324</a>. <q>The term 'Eastern Europe' is ambiguous and in many ways outdated.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7&rft.au=Aarebrot%2C+Frank+H.&rft.au=Ekman%2C+Joakim&rft.aufirst=Sten&rft.aulast=Berglund&rft.btitle=The+handbook+of+political+change+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781781954324&rft.pages=2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHeRzzwzdfPkC%26q%3DEastern%2BEurope%2Bterm%2Boutdated%26pg%3DPA2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰王国">荷兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D" title="聖座的法律地位">属</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7" title="聖座">聖座</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" title="馬爾他騎士團">馬爾他騎士團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%BA" title="圣马力诺">圣马力诺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊比利亚半岛">伊比利亚半岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海諸國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88" title="德語地理分佈">德語圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦斯登">列支敦斯登</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="匈牙利语">馬扎兒語圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="西斯拉夫民族">西斯拉夫</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%94%E5%9C%8B" title="北歐五國">斯堪的纳维亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="波罗的海国家">波羅的海</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="東斯拉夫民族">東斯拉夫</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧洲部分</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴尔干半岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克羅埃西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">黑山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">跨欧亚地区<br /><small>（部分領土位於歐洲）</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧洲部分</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯">色雷斯</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3" title="乌拉尔河">乌拉尔河</a>以西的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="西哈薩克斯坦州">西哈薩克斯坦州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="阿特勞州">阿特勞州</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="属地">海外屬地</a>與<br />其他特殊政區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>英國 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" title="根西行政區">根西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="曼島">马恩岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF" title="澤西">澤西</a></li></ul></li> <li>挪威 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%B6" title="揚馬延">揚馬延島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4" title="斯瓦尔巴">斯瓦尔巴群島</a></li></ul></li> <li>丹麥 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0" title="格陵兰">格陵兰</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界政區索引">世界政區索引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲">南极洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="世界分區" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: khaki;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="Template:世界分区"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="Template talk:世界分区"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:世界分区"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="世界分區" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="世界">世界</a>分區</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEEEEE"><div>参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="联合国地理区划列表">联合国地理区划</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div> <table align="center" style="padding-left: 6%; padding-right: 2%; background: transparent;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <td width="56px"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationAsia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/60px-LocationAsia.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/90px-LocationAsia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/120px-LocationAsia.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="64px"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚／西南亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="北亚">北亚／西伯利亞</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东北亚">东北亚</a><br /> <b>其他</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東">近東</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C" title="中东">中东</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1" title="遠東">遠東</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E5%B3%B6%E5%BC%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞島弧">東亞島弧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="東印度">東印度</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="印度次大陸">印度次大陸</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationAfrica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/60px-LocationAfrica.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/90px-LocationAfrica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/120px-LocationAfrica.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b>文化地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">阿拉伯非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">漠南非洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁非洲">拉丁非洲</a>）<br /> <b>自然地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北部非洲／撒哈拉以北非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">撒哈拉以南非洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E" title="东非">东部非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部非洲">中部非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E" title="西非">西部非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="南部非洲">南部非洲</a>）<br /> <b>其他</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%B9%8B%E8%A7%92" title="非洲之角">东北非洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="西北非洲">西北非洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="大中东地区">大中东地区</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationEurope.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/60px-LocationEurope.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/90px-LocationEurope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/120px-LocationEurope.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b>自然地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">西欧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a><br /><b>其他</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="中东欧">中东欧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="东南欧">东南欧</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴爾幹地區</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧俄</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationAmericas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LocationAmericas.png/60px-LocationAmericas.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LocationAmericas.png/90px-LocationAmericas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LocationAmericas.png/120px-LocationAmericas.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b>自然地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美洲</a><br /><b>政治地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="北美地区">北美</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲">拉丁美洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="中美 (政治地理学)">中美</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中美洲">中美洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="加勒比地区">加勒比地区</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美</a>）<br /><b>文化地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="盎格鲁美洲">盎格鲁美洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲">拉丁美洲</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法蘭西美洲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French America"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法蘭西美洲（页面不存在）">法蘭西美洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_America" class="extiw" title="en:French America"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French America</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="伊比利亚美洲">伊比利亚美洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="西班牙美洲">西班牙美洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葡萄牙美洲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portuguese America"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄牙美洲（页面不存在）">葡萄牙美洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_America" class="extiw" title="en:Portuguese America"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portuguese America</span></a></span>）</span></span>））<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部美洲">中部美洲</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationOceania.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/LocationOceania.png/60px-LocationOceania.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/LocationOceania.png/90px-LocationOceania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/LocationOceania.png/120px-LocationOceania.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="澳大利亞洲">澳洲</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="澳大拉西亞">澳大拉西亞</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="美拉尼西亚">美拉尼西亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B2%9B%E7%BE%A4" title="密克罗尼西亚岛群">密克罗尼西亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="玻里尼西亞">波利尼西亚</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div> <table align="center" style="padding-right:4%; background:transparent;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <td width="56px"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationPolarRegions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LocationPolarRegions.png/60px-LocationPolarRegions.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LocationPolarRegions.png/90px-LocationPolarRegions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LocationPolarRegions.png/120px-LocationPolarRegions.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="64px"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0" title="極地">極地</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="北极地区">北极地方</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲">南极洲／南极地方</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p><b>其他</b><br />  </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="環太平洋地區">環太平洋地區</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%AA%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="亚太地区">亚太地区</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%A4%AA%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="印太地区">印太地区</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="獨立國家聯合體">獨立國家國協地區</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="阿拉伯世界">阿拉伯地區</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="Template:地中海">環地中海地區</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationOceans.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/60px-LocationOceans.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/90px-LocationOceans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/120px-LocationOceans.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B" title="洋">大洋</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B4%8B" title="世界洋">世界洋</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B" title="印度洋">印度洋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋">北冰洋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="南冰洋">南冰洋</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MonthlyMeanT.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/60px-MonthlyMeanT.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/90px-MonthlyMeanT.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/120px-MonthlyMeanT.gif 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候">氣候區</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6" title="热带">热带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="熱帶雨林氣候">熱帶雨林</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E4%B9%BE%E6%BF%95%E5%AD%A3%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="熱帶乾濕季氣候">熱帶莽原</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E4%B9%BE%E6%BF%95%E5%AD%A3%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="熱帶乾濕季氣候">熱帶草原</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="热带干旱半干旱气候">熱帶沙漠</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="热带季风气候">熱帶季風</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6" title="亚热带">亚热带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E6%B9%BF%E6%B6%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副热带湿润气候">副熱帶濕潤／夏雨型暖濕</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副热带季风气候">副熱帶季風</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="地中海式气候">地中海</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6" title="温带">温带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带海洋性气候">溫帶海洋性</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="温带大陆性气候">溫帶大陸性</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带干旱半干旱气候">溫帶草原</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带干旱半干旱气候">溫帶沙漠</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带季风气候">溫帶季風</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副极地气候">亚寒带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副极地气候">副極地氣候</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E5%B8%A6" title="寒带">寒带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E5%B8%A6" title="寒带">極地氣候</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%94%E5%8E%9F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="苔原气候">苔原气候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E5%86%B0%E5%8E%9F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="极地冰原气候">冰原氣候</a>） <br /> <b>其他</b>： <a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="高原山地气候">高山气候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丘陵氣候（页面不存在）">丘陵氣候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平原氣候（页面不存在）">平原氣候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盆地氣候（页面不存在）">盆地氣候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="臺地氣候（页面不存在）">臺地氣候</a><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecozones.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ecozones.svg/60px-Ecozones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ecozones.svg/90px-Ecozones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ecozones.svg/120px-Ecozones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%8C%BA" title="生物地理分布区">生物分布區</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%97%E7%95%8C" title="新北界">新北界</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%97%E7%95%8C" title="古北界">古北界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E7%95%8C" title="舊熱帶界">舊熱帶界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B4%8B%E7%95%8C" title="东洋界">东洋界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%96%B0%E7%95%8C" title="澳新界">澳新界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E7%95%8C" title="新热带界">新热带界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E7%95%8C" title="南极界">南极界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大洋界" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oceanian realm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大洋界（页面不存在）">大洋界</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanian_realm" class="extiw" title="en:Oceanian realm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oceanian realm</span></a></span>）</span></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: khaki;"><div>另见：<b><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B4%B2" title="Template:洲">世界七大洲</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%93%E9%A2%98" title="Template:世界主义和世界政府专题">世界主義和世界政府</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="欧洲首都" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="Template:欧洲首都"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="Template talk:欧洲首都"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:欧洲首都"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="欧洲首都" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都">首都</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>粗斜體</b></i>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="有限承认国家">未被國際普遍承認國家</a>的首都和屬地的首府。</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">西欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="布鲁塞尔">布鲁塞尔</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎">巴黎</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="都柏林">都柏林</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B8%82" title="盧森堡市">盧森堡市</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a></b>、<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦">伦敦</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%8E" title="安道尔城">安道尔城</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9" title="哥本哈根">哥本哈根</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a>）</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%B8%AF" title="托爾斯港">托尔斯港</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a>）</i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%9B%E5%9F%BA" title="赫尔辛基">赫尔辛基</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%85%E7%B6%AD%E5%85%8B" title="雷克雅維克">雷克雅未克</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E9%99%86" title="奥斯陆">奥斯陆</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9" title="斯德哥尔摩">斯德哥尔摩</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="布拉格">布拉格</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF" title="布达佩斯">布达佩斯</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E9%83%BD%E8%8C%B2" title="瓦都茲">瓦杜茲</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦斯登">列支敦斯登</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99" title="华沙">华沙</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%8F%91" title="布拉迪斯拉发">布</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC" title="伯尔尼">伯恩</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="明斯克">明斯克</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97" title="塔林">塔林</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%A0" title="里加">里加</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="维尔纽斯">维尔纽斯</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%8C%E8%AE%B7%E4%B9%8C" title="基希讷乌">基希讷乌</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a>）</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94" title="蒂拉斯波尔">蒂拉斯波尔</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="德涅斯特河沿岸">德涅斯特河沿岸</a>）</i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科">莫斯科</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A3" title="地拉那">地拉那</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾巴尼亞">阿爾巴尼亞</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%80%B6%E4%BD%9B" title="塞拉耶佛">塞拉耶佛</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波士尼亞和黑塞哥維那</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E8%8F%B2%E4%BA%9E" title="索菲亞">索菲亞</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%B8%83" title="萨格勒布">札格雷布</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克羅埃西亞</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8" title="雅典">雅典</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="罗马">罗马</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">義大利</a>）</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E4%BB%80%E8%92%82%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="普里什蒂納">普里什蒂納</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a>）</i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C" title="斯科普里">斯科普里</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B1%E5%A1%94" title="瓦莱塔">瓦莱塔</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">马耳他</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C%E5%AF%9F" title="波德戈里察">波德戈里察</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">黑山</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本">里斯本</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布加勒斯特">布加勒斯特</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AB%BE%E5%B8%82" title="聖馬力諾市">圣马力诺</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AB%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="聖馬力諾">聖馬力諾</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7" title="贝尔格莱德">貝爾格勒</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E9%9B%85%E9%82%A3" title="卢布尔雅那">卢布尔雅那</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="马德里">马德里</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>）</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a>）</i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="尼科西亚">尼科西亞</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a>）</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="北尼科西亚">北尼科西亚</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="北賽普勒斯">北賽普勒斯</a>）</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%9A%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%B5%E8%90%A5" title="埃皮斯科皮兵营">埃皮斯科皮兵营</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E6%8F%90%E5%88%A9%E8%88%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%B1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="亞克羅提利與德凱利亞">英屬基地區</a>）</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲首都列表（页面不存在）">歐洲首都列表</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27496#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27496#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27496#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007546880405171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Europe, Western"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh95003677">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Evropa západní"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge137883&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/16704527">NARA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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