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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"> 创建账号</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"> 登录</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息">了解详情</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-詞源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#詞源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 詞源 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-詞源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教改革" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教改革"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 宗教改革 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-宗教改革-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关宗教改革子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-宗教改革-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-宗派的形成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗派的形成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 宗派的形成 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗派的形成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-神學的發展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#神學的發展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 神學的發展 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-神學的發展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 教義 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-教義-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关教義子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-教義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-聖經" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#聖經"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 聖經 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-聖經-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-五個唯獨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#五個唯獨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 五個唯獨 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-五個唯獨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-唯獨信心" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#唯獨信心"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 唯獨信心 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-唯獨信心-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-唯獨恩典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#唯獨恩典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 唯獨恩典 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-唯獨恩典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-唯獨聖經" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#唯獨聖經"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 唯獨聖經 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-唯獨聖經-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-信徒皆祭司" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#信徒皆祭司"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 信徒皆祭司 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-信徒皆祭司-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-最後審判" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#最後審判"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 最後審判 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-最後審判-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-聖禮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#聖禮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 聖禮 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-聖禮-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关聖禮子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-聖禮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-聖餐禮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#聖餐禮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 聖餐禮 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-聖餐禮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-洗禮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#洗禮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 洗禮 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-洗禮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-組織制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#組織制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 組織制度 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-組織制度-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关組織制度子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-組織制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-主教制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主教制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 主教制 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主教制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-長老制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#長老制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 長老制 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-長老制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-会众制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#会众制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 会众制 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-会众制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 宗派 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教運動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教運動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 宗教運動 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-宗教運動-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关宗教運動子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-宗教運動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-福音派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#福音派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 福音派 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-福音派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-靈恩運動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#靈恩運動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 靈恩運動 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-靈恩運動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基要派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基要派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 基要派 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基要派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-新教文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#新教文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 新教文化 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-新教文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关新教文化子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-新教文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-政教關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政教關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 政教關係 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政教關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-路德宗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#路德宗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.1 路德宗 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-路德宗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歸正宗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歸正宗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2 歸正宗 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歸正宗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-浸礼宗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#浸礼宗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.3 浸礼宗 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-浸礼宗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 参见 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 注释 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 参考文献 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关参考文献子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 引用 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 延伸閱讀 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">新教</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。152种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-152" aria-hidden="true" > 152种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Protestantisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismus" title="Protestantismus – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Protestantismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%88%AE%E1%89%B4%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B5" title="ፕሮቴስታንት – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፕሮቴስታንት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بروتستانتية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروتستانتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لپروطيسطانطية – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لپروطيسطانطية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%87" title="بروتيستانتيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بروتيستانتيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismu" title="Protestantismu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Protestantismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Протестантизм – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Протестантизм" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantl%C4%B1q" title="Protestantlıq – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Protestantlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="پروتستانیزم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پروتستانیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Протестантизм – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Протестантизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismus" title="Protestantismus – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Protestantismus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruotestant%C4%97zmos" title="Pruotestantėzmos – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pruotestantėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Пратэстанцтва – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пратэстанцтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Пратэстанцтва – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пратэстанцтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Протестантство – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Протестантство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रोटेस्टेंटिस़्म – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="प्रोटेस्टेंटिस़्म" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="প্রটেস্ট্যান্ট খ্রিস্টধর্ম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রটেস্ট্যান্ট খ্রিস্টধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantiezh" title="Protestantiezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Protestantiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantizam" title="Protestantizam – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Protestantizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protestantisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A0-s%C5%AD-g%C3%A1u" title="Ià-sŭ-gáu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ià-sŭ-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Протестанталла – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Протестанталла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="پرۆتێستانت – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پرۆتێستانت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantl%C4%B1q" title="Protestantlıq – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Protestantlıq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismus" title="Protestantismus – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Protestantismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestaniaeth" title="Protestaniaeth – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Protestaniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Protestantisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismus" title="Protestantismus – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Protestantismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantizm" title="Protestantizm – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Protestantizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Προτεσταντισμός – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προτεσταντισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Protestantism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Protestantism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="پروتستانتیسم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پروتستانتیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismi" title="Protestantismi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Protestantismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisma" title="Protestantisma – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Protestantisma" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Protestantisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enguenoteria" title="Enguenoteria – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Enguenoteria" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantesim" title="Protestantesim – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Protestantesim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Protestantisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Protast%C3%BAnachas" title="An Protastúnachas – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Protastúnachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Protestantism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B2sdanachas" title="Pròsdanachas – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pròsdanachas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestan_bangaskiya" title="Protestan bangaskiya – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Protestan bangaskiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEn-kau" title="Sîn-kau – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sîn-kau" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="נצרות פרוטסטנטית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נצרות פרוטסטנטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="प्रोटेस्टेंट संप्रदाय – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रोटेस्टेंट संप्रदाय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantizam" title="Protestantizam – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Protestantizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwotestantism" title="Pwotestantism – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pwotestantism" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantizmus" title="Protestantizmus – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Protestantizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բողոքականություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բողոքականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestan" title="Protestan – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Protestan" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestanisme" title="Protestanisme – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Protestanisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Protestantisme" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3tm%C3%A6lendatr%C3%BA" title="Mótmælendatrú – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mótmælendatrú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantesimo" title="Protestantesimo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Protestantesimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="プロテスタント – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロテスタント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratistantizim" title="Pratistantizim – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pratistantizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prot%C3%A8stan" title="Protèstan – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Protèstan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პროტესტანტიზმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პროტესტანტიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%A9%C9%A3y%C9%A9yaa_l%C9%A9ma%C9%A3z%C9%A9y%C9%9B_t%C9%A9naa" title="Pɩɣyɩyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɩɣyɩyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Протестантизм – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Протестантизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%8B%A0%EA%B5%90" title="개신교 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="개신교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestan%C3%AE" title="Protestanî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Protestanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Протестантизм – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Протестантизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantes" title="Protestantes – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Protestantes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimyento_Protestante" title="Movimyento Protestante – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Movimyento Protestante" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismus" title="Protestantismus – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Protestantismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Protestantisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prottestantisme" title="Prottestantisme – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Prottestantisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantesim" title="Protestantesim – 拉定语" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Protestantesim" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="拉定语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prutestantesim" title="Prutestantesim – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Prutestantesim" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mis%C3%ADoni" title="Misíoni – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Misíoni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87" title="ປະໂລແຕສະຕັງ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະໂລແຕສະຕັງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantizmas" title="Protestantizmas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Protestantizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisms" title="Protestantisms – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Protestantisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestan" title="Protestan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Protestan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B4testantisma" title="Prôtestantisma – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Prôtestantisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestanisme" title="Protestanisme – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Protestanisme" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Протестантство – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Протестантство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രൊട്ടസ്റ്റന്റ്‌ സഭകൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രൊട്ടസ്റ്റന്റ്‌ സഭകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Протестант урсгал – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Протестант урсгал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A5" title="प्रोटेस्टंट पंथ – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रोटेस्टंट पंथ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestan" title="Protestan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Protestan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestanti%C5%BCmu" title="Protestantiżmu – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Protestantiżmu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portestantismo" title="Portestantismo – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Portestantismo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پروتستان – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پروتستان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismus" title="Protestantismus – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Protestantismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Protestantisme" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Protestantisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Protestantisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Protestantisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9criauntisme" title="Récriauntisme – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Récriauntisme" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seporotestante" title="Seporotestante – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Seporotestante" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Protestantisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piroteestaantii" title="Piroteestaantii – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Piroteestaantii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantime" title="Protestantime – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Protestantime" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodeschdant" title="Brodeschdant – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Brodeschdant" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Protestantism" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantyzm" title="Protestantyzm – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Protestantyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="پروٹسٹنٹ مسیحیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پروٹسٹنٹ مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%27iykay" title="Mat'iykay – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mat'iykay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantissem" title="Protestantissem – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Protestantissem" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Protestantism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Протестантизм – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Протестантизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Протестантство – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Протестантство" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Протестантизм – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Протестантизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesi_Prutistanti" title="Chiesi Prutistanti – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Chiesi Prutistanti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Protestantism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantizam" title="Protestantizam – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Protestantizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Protestantism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantizmus" title="Protestantizmus – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Protestantizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantizem" title="Protestantizem – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Protestantizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porotesano" title="Porotesano – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Porotesano" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantizmi" title="Protestantizmi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Protestantizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Протестантизам – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Протестантизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Protestantism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uprotestanti" title="Uprotestanti – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uprotestanti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantyzm" title="Protestantyzm – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Protestantyzm" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88" title="சீர்திருத்தத் திருச்சபை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீர்திருத்தத் திருச்சபை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81" title="ప్రొటెస్టంటు – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్రొటెస్టంటు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D3%A3" title="Калисои протестантӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Калисои протестантӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="โปรเตสแตนต์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โปรเตสแตนต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestan" title="Protestan – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Protestan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestanl%C4%B1k" title="Protestanlık – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Protestanlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Протестантлык – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Протестантлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89" title="پروتېستانت دىنى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پروتېستانت دىنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Протестантизм – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Протестантизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="پروٹسٹنٹ مسیحیت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پروٹسٹنٹ مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantizm" title="Protestantizm – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Protestantizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantizm" title="Protestantizm – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Protestantizm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A1ng_C%C3%A1ch" title="Kháng Cách – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kháng Cách" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantisse" title="Protestantisse – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Protestantisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Protestantismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="基督新教 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="基督新教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Protestantism" hreflang="en">维基共享资源</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23540" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g">维基数据项目</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="DE Places"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh:加爾文; zh-hk:加爾文; zh-tw:喀爾文; zh-hans:加尔文;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a>关于被称为“新教”的中国伊斯兰教苏菲主义门宦，請見「<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%90%88%E5%BF%8D%E8%80%B6" title="哲合忍耶">哲合忍耶</a>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/25px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/38px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/50px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a>提示：此条目的主题不是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="新興宗教">新興宗教</a>。</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lutherstadt_Wittenberg_09-2016_photo06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Lutherstadt_Wittenberg_09-2016_photo06.jpg/300px-Lutherstadt_Wittenberg_09-2016_photo06.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Lutherstadt_Wittenberg_09-2016_photo06.jpg/450px-Lutherstadt_Wittenberg_09-2016_photo06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Lutherstadt_Wittenberg_09-2016_photo06.jpg/600px-Lutherstadt_Wittenberg_09-2016_photo06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3555" data-file-height="3555" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE-%E5%AE%89%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="薩克森-安哈爾特">薩克森-安哈爾特</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%9F%8E%E7%BB%B4%E6%BB%95%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC" title="路德城维滕贝格">維滕貝格</a>路德張貼<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%9D%A1%E8%AE%BA%E7%BA%B2" title="九十五条论纲">九十五条论纲</a>的大門（Thesentür）</figcaption></figure> 新教，即基督新教，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="西方基督教">西方基督教</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教會">天主教會</a>以外<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%B3%BB" title="基督教派系">宗派</a>教會的統稱<a href="#cite_note-CanadianEncyclopedia1999-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-PSue1999-2">[2]</a>，源於<a href="/wiki/16%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="16世紀">16世紀</a>神學家<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">馬丁·路德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">約翰·加爾文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%85%88%E9%81%8B%E7%90%86" title="烏利希·慈運理">烏利希·慈運理</a>等人所領導的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>運動<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>，與天主教會、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教會">東正教會</a>並列為基督教三大分支<a href="#cite_note-MNickens-4">[4]</a>。 新教強調「<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E4%BF%A1%E7%A8%B1%E7%BE%A9" title="因信稱義">因信稱義</a>」（Sola fide）<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>，相信<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" title="基督">基督</a>已經作出<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E8%A2%AB%E9%87%98%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6" title="耶穌被釘十字架">犧牲</a>替世人<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%96%E7%BD%AA" title="贖罪">贖罪</a><a href="#cite_note-AS46-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>，人只是以信心去接受<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">上帝</a>的赦罪便可得拯救<a href="#cite_note-moitw-diff-9">[9]</a>，而不是靠善行換取救恩<a href="#cite_note-SALEM7-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-qa17580-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-twbp9-12">[12]</a>。新教以《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>》為信仰之唯一權威<a href="#cite_note-solascriptura-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-scripturealone-14">[14]</a>，因而否定<a href="#cite_note-QA-Peter-15">[15]</a>天主教會<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a>制<a href="#cite_note-ST337-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-PJenkins-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-JCalvin-18">[18]</a>，更相信所有信徒都<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8%E8%81%B7%E5%88%86" title="普遍的祭司職分">具有祭司的身分</a><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Protestantism-19">[19]</a>。教內不同宗派在<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90" class="mw-redirect" title="聖餐">聖餐觀</a>等神學問題上持不同看法<a href="#cite_note-CSDixon-20">[20]</a>，但普遍遵循「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%AA%E5%94%AF%E7%8B%AC" title="五个唯独">五個唯獨</a>」原則<a href="#cite_note-fivesolae-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-PECH-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-christianitydotcom-23">[23]</a>。 在路德之前，已有多位宗教改革家嘗試改革甚至脫離天主教會，但最後直至路德的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志宗教改革">德意志宗教改革</a>才獲得成功<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>。16世紀<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="路德宗">路德宗</a>信仰由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" class="mw-disambig" title="德意志">德意志</a>傳入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="芬蘭">芬蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="愛沙尼亞">愛沙尼亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="冰島">冰島</a><a href="#cite_note-HistDictLuth-25">[25]</a>，另一位宗教改革家加爾文的思想亦傳入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a>。同期的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國國王">英國國王</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="亨利八世">亨利八世</a>亦帶領當地教會脫離天主教會體制，開展<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="英格兰宗教改革">英格蘭宗教改革</a><a href="#cite_note-HenryVIIILeague-27">[27]</a>。新教的改革與務實精神，成功發展出其獨特文化，並在<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="教育">教育</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87" class="mw-disambig" title="人文">人文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="科學">科學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>和社會秩序、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟">經濟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="藝術">藝術</a>等領域為人類帶來重大貢獻<a href="#cite_note-Karl_Heussi_1956_pp._317–319-28">[28]</a>。 「新教」之西方詞源<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>「protestatio」（「<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%AD%B0" title="抗議">抗議</a>」），是指<a href="/wiki/1529%E5%B9%B4" title="1529年">1529年</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>宣布路德為<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF" title="異端">異端</a>之後所引起的強烈抗議<a href="#cite_note-PSue1999-2">[2]</a>，而漢譯「新教」是用作區別<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>前之“旧教”天主教<a href="#cite_note-moitw-29">[29]</a>。過往新教亦有「抗議派」<a href="#cite_note-Tong-30">[30]</a>、「抗羅宗」<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>、「歸正教」、「復原教」、「更正教」<a href="#cite_note-CR39-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ng-33">[33]</a>、「誓反教」<a href="#cite_note-CheungSR-34">[34]</a>等別稱，現時<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%88" title="漢語圈">漢語圈</a>普遍直稱基督新教為「基督教」，天主教會為「天主教」，東正教會為「東正教」，並統稱眾基督信仰宗派為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="基督宗教">基督宗教</a>」<a href="#cite_note-moitw-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-hk-35">[35]</a>。 有別於天主教會和東正教會，新教沒有單一的普世性中央架構或領導體系<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-CommentaryMatthew-37">[37]</a>，教內眾多宗派中以<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="路德宗">路德宗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="改革宗">改革宗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聖公會">聖公會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E7%A4%BC%E5%AE%97" title="浸礼宗">浸礼宗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B4%97%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="重洗派">重洗派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%90%86%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="衛理公會">衛理公會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%97" title="再臨宗">再臨宗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="五旬宗">五旬宗</a>等最為人熟悉<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a>。雖然傳統新教宗派大多從天主教會中分離，但一些既不出自天主教會，亦與<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>宗教改革沒有歷史淵源的教會或群體，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="獨立教會">獨立教會</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="非宗派教會">無宗派歸屬信徒</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[註 1]</a>，也被視為基督新教<a href="#cite_note-RDWC2022-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheFuture-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-pew2011-43">[42]</a>。現時全球約有11.7億新教徒，包括6億多傳統宗派信徒、4億多獨立教會信徒和1億多無教會會籍信徒<a href="#cite_note-gordonconwell.edu-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-IOsborn-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a>。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="詞源">詞源</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：詞源">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/85px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/128px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/170px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8#新教神學" title="基督教神學">神學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">歷史</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="英國宗教改革">英國宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">加爾文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%85%88%E9%81%8B%E7%90%86" title="烏利希·慈運理">慈運理</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">教義</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E4%BF%A1%E7%A8%B1%E7%BE%A9" title="因信稱義">因信稱義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%AA%E5%94%AF%E7%8B%AC" title="五个唯独">五個唯獨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%86%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="信徒皆祭司">信徒皆祭司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE#洗禮信念" title="洗禮">洗禮觀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90%E7%A6%AE#信義宗：真實臨在說" title="聖餐禮">聖餐觀</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">宗派</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">路德宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">改革宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聖公會">聖公會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E5%AE%97" title="公理宗">公理會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E7%A4%BC%E5%AE%97" title="浸礼宗">浸信會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E9%81%93%E5%AE%97" title="循道宗">衛理公會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E7%AF%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="五旬節運動">五旬運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="貴格派">貴格會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="門諾會">門諾會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%97" title="再臨宗">再臨宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="瓦勒度派">瓦勒度福音教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="摩拉维亚弟兄会">摩拉維亞弟兄會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="普利茅斯弟兄会">普利茅斯弟兄會</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">跨宗派運動</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="清教徒">清教徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%BD%94%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="聖潔運動">聖潔運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%81%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="靈恩運動">靈恩運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9D%88%E6%81%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="新靈恩運動">新靈恩運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%BA%E9%86%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="大覺醒運動">大覺醒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="羅拉德派">羅拉德運動</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">神學思想</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="阿民念主義">阿民念主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="加爾文主義">加爾文主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E5%8E%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="復原主義">復原主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%94%E6%95%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="虔敬主義">虔敬主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="福音主義">福音主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B5%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="重浸派">重洗派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E6%A3%AE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="楊森主義">楊森主義</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">相關發展</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86" title="新教伦理">新教倫理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%B5%81%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="主流新教">主流新教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="合一运动">合一運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-disambig" title="地下教會">地下教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="反基督教">反基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E8%89%B2%E4%BD%88%E9%81%93%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五色佈道法（页面不存在）">五色佈道法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="非宗派教會">非宗派教會</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/15px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/23px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教主題</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="Template:新教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:新教（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:新教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 新教的稱呼源自<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>「protestatio」，意為「抗議」<a href="#cite_note-49">[註 2]</a>。這個詞源可追溯到1529年的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%BD%E6%B4%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次施派爾會議（页面不存在）">第二次施派爾會議</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_of_Speyer_(1529)" class="extiw" title="en:Diet of Speyer (1529)">Diet of Speyer (1529)</a>），當時<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="神聖羅馬皇帝">皇帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="查理五世 (神圣罗马帝国)">查理五世</a>在會議上推翻1526年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一次會議（页面不存在）">第一次會議</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_of_Speyer_(1526)" class="extiw" title="en:Diet of Speyer (1526)">Diet of Speyer (1526)</a>）之決定，重申天主教為帝國唯一認可宗教信仰，並進一步鎮壓馬丁·路德等<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">改革</a>勢力。查理五世此舉引起會議內改革派強烈反彈，支持路德的<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="薩克森">薩克森</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E5%B8%9D%E4%BE%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="選帝侯">選帝侯</a>等六位<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="王公">王公</a>和十四個<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="帝国自由城市">帝國自由市</a>代表在會中宣讀了一篇名爲《抗議》的文件，自此教會的改革派就被稱爲「抗議派」<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a>，而新教在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a>的典籍中，往往亦有「抗羅宗」、「抗議派」、「誓反教」等舊稱<a href="#cite_note-cap-53">[51]</a>。汉语文化圈中普遍以「基督教」一詞直接稱呼新教。<a href="#cite_note-hk-35">[35]</a>「新教」這學術名稱是區別歷史上的「舊教」天主教。<a href="#cite_note-moitw-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教改革">宗教改革</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：宗教改革">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">信義宗</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教改革大事年表（页面不存在）">宗教改革大事年表</a></div> 新教的出現，源於神學<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88" title="教授">教授</a>兼天主教<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="神父">神父</a>馬丁·路德對<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7" title="聖座">聖座</a>濫發<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%A6_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="大赦 (基督教)">贖罪券</a>活動的批判。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教教廷">天主教教廷</a>的頹唐腐敗，包括揮霍、草菅人命等，最後觸發<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>。<a href="#cite_note-NewDictionary545-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-CathEncyclopedia-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-TWUSOC-56">[54]</a> 其實，路德自1505年進入<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2" title="修道院">修道院</a>之後，便經歷信仰、靈性上很大的掙扎，「自覺罪孽深重，無法得到上帝的喜悅」。<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a>直至他在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="威登堡大學">威登堡大學</a>教授<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>，從鑽研《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8" title="羅馬書">羅馬書</a>》第一章17節「義人必因信得生」中，深深領會到罪人不能靠自己的努力去換取上帝的拯救，而且靠賴上帝的「恩典」。<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a>學者認為，從那一刻開始，路德才得到心靈上的釋放。<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> 16世紀初，在天主教會高層縱容下，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%96%E7%BD%AA%E5%88%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="贖罪券">贖罪券</a>濫發問題失控，<a href="#cite_note-indulgence-60">[58]</a>教宗<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96" title="良十世">良十世</a>宣佈任何人購買贖罪券即可獲得赦罪和拯救。路德堅持教宗的立場明顯違反《聖經》真理，認為這與上帝在《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8" title="羅馬書">羅馬書</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AA%E6%9B%B8" title="加拉太書">加拉太書</a>》中的啟示有很大出入。<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a>1517年10月31日，路德以<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>撰寫《關於贖罪券的意義及效果的見解》（亦稱《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%9D%A1%E8%AE%BA%E7%BA%B2" title="九十五条论纲">九十五條論綱</a>》），並張貼於威登堡城堡教堂的門上，望能引起學術界及教會領袖的關注和討論。路德此舉掀起影響深遠的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志宗教改革">德意志宗教改革</a>運動。1520年6月15日，教宗良十世發布<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AB%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="上諭">上諭</a>，宣告路德為<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF" title="異端">異端</a>。1521年1月3日，聖座正式將路德處以<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E9%96%80%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="破門律">破門律</a>，開除教籍。4月中，路德在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%9C%A8%E6%96%AF%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="沃木斯議會">沃木斯議會</a>中受審，當時他堅持除非以聖經證明他有錯，否則拒絕撤回主張。4月20日，神聖羅馬皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="查理五世 (神圣罗马帝国)">查理五世</a>宣佈路德為「<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF" title="異端">異端</a>」，一個月後更聯同國會向路德下通緝令。<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="萨克森统治者列表">薩克森選侯</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="腓特烈三世 (神圣罗马帝国)">腓特烈三世</a>隨即安排路德在瓦爾特堡的城堡中避難。避難期間，路德為了讓平民百姓也能閱讀聖言，於是致力用淺白易明的德文翻譯原文聖經。1530年，在教宗武力威脅下，支持路德的信徒（即後來的路德宗，又稱信義宗）最後被逼離開天主教會。<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗派的形成">宗派的形成</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：宗派的形成">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HolyRomanEmpire_1618.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/HolyRomanEmpire_1618.png/200px-HolyRomanEmpire_1618.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/HolyRomanEmpire_1618.png/300px-HolyRomanEmpire_1618.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/HolyRomanEmpire_1618.png/400px-HolyRomanEmpire_1618.png 2x" data-file-width="4005" data-file-height="3964" /></a><figcaption>1618年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="三十年战争">三十年战争</a>前夕，天主教与新教在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a>的分布情况</figcaption></figure> 新教的不妥協精神可以追溯至14世紀的一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>先行者，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="威克里夫">威克里夫</a>派以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="羅拉德派">羅拉德派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波希米亞">波希米亞</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">揚·胡斯</a>派和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E4%BD%9B%E7%B4%8D%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%89" title="吉羅拉莫·薩佛納羅拉">撒佛那洛拉</a>的信徒。16世紀20年代，馬丁·路德在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" class="mw-disambig" title="德意志">德意志</a>發起了<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教改革運動">宗教改革運動</a>，迅速的席捲了整個德意志，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%85%E7%93%A6" title="日内瓦">日内瓦</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">約翰·加爾文</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="歸正運動">歸正運動</a>更進一步的加深了宗教改革的影響。 1534年，英國國王<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="亨利八世">亨利八世</a>帶領當地教會（即今天的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聖公會">聖公會</a>）脫離天主教會獨立，開展<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="英格兰宗教改革">英格蘭宗教改革</a>，<a href="#cite_note-HenryVIIILeague-27">[27]</a>當地的改革與歐陸地區之宗教改革前後呼應，並在宗教和政治上大大影響中、西歐基督教發展形態。<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> 到了16世紀中葉，主要宗派都與天主教會抗衡。因著教權與王權的權利爭奪，新教在形成的過程中受到許多民族國家或世俗君王的支持與保護。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="宗教战争">宗教戰爭</a>後，根據隨之而签訂的合約，如1555年《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" title="奧格斯堡和約">奧格斯堡和約</a>》與1648年《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="威斯特伐利亞和約">威斯特伐利亞和約</a>》確立的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E9%9A%A8%E5%90%9B%E5%AE%9A" title="教隨君定">教隨君定原則</a>，形成了新教在歐洲的佈局，路德宗分佈於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" class="mw-disambig" title="德意志">德意志</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a>諸國；<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>。 16世紀末到17世紀，新教的主要宗派在教會的組織與崇拜儀式上已有基本雛形。對於教義的認定上經過長期的爭論也逐漸成為體系。新教的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="神學家">神學家</a>編寫了大量的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="神學">神學</a>著作。17世紀中葉，英格蘭的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="清教徒革命">清教徒革命</a>要求以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="加爾文主義">加爾文主義</a>改革妥協保守的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%97" title="聖公宗">聖公宗</a>教會，把新教運動又推進了一步，產生了脫離聖公會的新教派，如英格蘭的<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="長老會">長老會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="公理会">公理會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E4%BF%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="浸信會">浸信會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%AA%BC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="公誼會">公誼會</a>等等。隨著移民<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a>，新教也成為美洲宗派的大宗。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="神學的發展">神學的發展</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：神學的發展">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countries_by_percentage_of_Protestants_(2010).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Countries_by_percentage_of_Protestants_%282010%29.svg/300px-Countries_by_percentage_of_Protestants_%282010%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Countries_by_percentage_of_Protestants_%282010%29.svg/450px-Countries_by_percentage_of_Protestants_%282010%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Countries_by_percentage_of_Protestants_%282010%29.svg/600px-Countries_by_percentage_of_Protestants_%282010%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>各國新教徒比例，2010年</figcaption></figure> 宗教改革之后，在英美世界的新教教会主要有两大对立神学思想：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="加尔文主义">加尔文主义</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E5%BF%B5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="阿米念主义">阿米念主义</a>，在德国和北欧国家的新教教会主要接受<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="路德宗">路德宗</a>神学。19世紀<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="进化论">進化论</a>在歐洲兴起，<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="理性主义">理性主义</a>蓬勃發展，某些知识分子开始认为圣经中的神迹奇事不合理性而加以拒绝。20世纪，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="唯物觀">唯物觀</a>衝擊影響下，新教在正統教義之外陸續出現了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="基督教社會主義">基督教社會主義</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="自由主義神學">自由主義神學</a>等非正統神學思潮。为对抗自由主义神学对正统教义的冲击，浸信会和長老会内部兴起了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%9F%BA%E8%A6%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基督教基要主义">基督教基要主义</a>运动。另外，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E7%90%86%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="卫理公会">卫理公会</a>中发展出<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%81%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="靈恩運動">靈恩運動</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%BD%94%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="聖潔運動">聖潔運動</a>等，在路德宗教会中曾发展出<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%94%E6%95%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="虔敬主义">虔敬主义</a>运动。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="教義">教義</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：教義">编辑</a>]</div> 基督新教強調<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="耶穌基督">耶穌基督</a>的「代贖」─上帝代替人類受罰，犧牲自己來換取人類的罪行被赦免。<a href="#cite_note-twb7-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a>雖然新教與天主教均繼承普世教會歷史上許多傳統教義，如「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94" title="三位一體">三位一體</a>」、<a href="#cite_note-SALEM3-67">[65]</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>》作為神的啟示、<a href="#cite_note-SALEM11-68">[66]</a>「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%BD%AA" title="原罪">原罪</a>」<a href="#cite_note-SALEM18-69">[67]</a>與「<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%90%8E%E5%AE%A1%E5%88%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="最后审判">最後審判</a>」等等，<a href="#cite_note-SALEM68-70">[68]</a>但有別於天主教和東正教，新教在行政上沒有普世性中央架構或領導，而且在教義上強調「<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E4%BF%A1%E7%A8%B1%E7%BE%A9" title="因信稱義">因信稱義</a>」、<a href="#cite_note-moitw-diff-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-qa17580-11">[11]</a> 「<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8%E8%81%B7%E5%88%86" title="普遍的祭司職分">信徒皆祭司</a>」，<a href="#cite_note-twbp16-71">[69]</a> 普遍以《聖經》作為最高權威，<a href="#cite_note-SALEM12-13-72">[70]</a> 亦因此否定<a href="#cite_note-QA-Peter-15">[15]</a>以<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a>為首的教皇制<a href="#cite_note-ST337-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-PJenkins-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-JCalvin-18">[18]</a>、拒絕東正教和天主教教條中關於<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%82%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="聖傳">聖傳</a>與《聖經》具同等地位的教導<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="聖經">聖經</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：聖經">编辑</a>]</div> 新教相信，聖經是上帝給所有人完整無誤的<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E7%A4%BA" title="啟示">啟示</a>，當中包含的兩大信息，就是「<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E6%B3%95" class="mw-disambig" title="律法">律法</a>」和「<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="福音">福音</a>」<a href="#cite_note-80">[註 3]</a>： <ul><li>「律法」宣告在上帝眼中什麼是對、什麼是錯，律法並警告上帝因為罪（意即違背律法<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a>）要施行懲罰。<a href="#cite_note-TWBP2-82">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>「福音」就是耶穌把人從罪惡中拯救出來的好消息，上帝的拯救表明了祂的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B" title="愛">愛</a>。新教的教義認為，在《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="舊約聖經">舊約聖經</a>》中上帝已屢次應許一位把人從罪惡死亡拯救出來的神聖救贖者，<a href="#cite_note-99">[註 4]</a>而這位救贖者就是《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新約聖經</a>》所指的耶穌基督。<a href="#cite_note-TWBP2-82">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOCSD-100">[96]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="五個唯獨">五個唯獨</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：五個唯獨">编辑</a>]</div> 新教各宗派間教義不盡相同，但一致認同「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%AA%E5%94%AF%E7%8B%AC" title="五个唯独">五個唯獨</a>」<a href="#cite_note-fivesolae-21">[21]</a> <a href="#cite_note-PECH-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-christianitydotcom-23">[23]</a>： <ul><li>唯獨恩典（Sola gratia）：人的靈魂得<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%AF%E6%95%91" class="mw-redirect" title="拯救">拯救</a>唯獨是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%81%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="神恩">神恩</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" title="神">神</a>送給人的禮物。</li> <li>唯獨信心（Sola fide）：人唯獨藉<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%BF%83" title="信心">信心</a>接受神的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%96%E7%BD%AA#基督新教" title="贖罪">赦罪</a>、拯救。</li> <li>唯獨基督（Solus Christus）：作為人類的代罪羔羊，耶穌基督是人與神之間唯一的調解者（「中保」）。</li> <li>唯獨聖經（Sola scriptura）：唯有《聖經》是信仰的終極權威。</li> <li>唯獨神的榮耀（Soli Deo Gloria）：唯獨神配得<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="赞美">讚美</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%AE%E8%80%80" class="mw-redirect" title="榮耀">榮耀</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="唯獨信心">唯獨信心</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：唯獨信心">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E4%BF%A1%E7%A8%B1%E7%BE%A9" title="因信稱義">因信稱義</a></div> 新教徒認為，《聖經》已表明人得救的唯一途徑是相信主耶穌基督為救主。「唯獨信心」也可稱為「因信稱義」（“因信”即是「凭借<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%BF%83" title="信心">信心</a>」，而“称义”則是「被神判為無罪」）<a href="#cite_note-KellerGreek-101">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Strong1344-102">[98]</a>，是整個信仰的核心思想<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a>。新教相信，神因著耶穌已<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8F%97%E9%9B%A3" title="耶穌受難">替人類受罰</a>而免去人的罪，<a href="#cite_note-AS44-104">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-AS46-7">[7]</a>而人是<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%8B%AC%E5%9B%A0%E4%BF%A1%E7%A7%B0%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="唯独因信称义">單單以上帝所賜的信心</a>，去接受這個赦罪。<a href="#cite_note-2co-jn-rm-105">[101]</a>新教認為，當聖靈在一個人的心中運行信心時，這個人就是一位信徒，他得到了罪的赦免，也得到了耶穌在十字架上為所有人贏得的好處和祝福。<a href="#cite_note-KellerFaith-106">[102]</a>一個人得永生，完全是出於<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" title="神">神</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%85%B8" title="恩典">恩典</a>，而不是出於人的善功、行為<a href="#cite_note-Heb10-18-107">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-moitw-diff-9">[9]</a>，這有別於東正教<a href="#cite_note-111">[註 5]</a>與天主教<a href="#cite_note-113">[註 6]</a>認為人除信心外亦必須加上善功才能得救之教義<a href="#cite_note-116">[註 7]</a>。 在《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新約聖經</a>》中，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="保罗 (使徒)">保羅</a>強調： <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">你們得救是靠著恩典，藉著信心。這不是出於自己，而是神所賜的；這也不是出於行為，免得有人自誇。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%89%80%E6%9B%B8" title="以弗所書">以弗所書</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E4%BB%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%89%80%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC2%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:以弗所書第2章（页面不存在）">第2章</a>第8-9节</cite></div></blockquote> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">因為世人都犯了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AA_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="罪 (宗教)">罪</a>，虧缺了神的榮耀；如今卻蒙神的恩典，因基督耶穌的救贖，就白白的稱義。神設立耶穌作挽回祭，是憑著耶穌的血，藉著人的信，要顯明神的義；因為他用忍耐的心寬容人先時所犯的罪，好在今時顯明他的義，使人知道他自己為義，也稱信耶穌的人為義。既是這樣，哪裡能誇口呢？沒有可誇的了。用何法沒有的呢？是用立功之法嗎？不是，乃用信主之法。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8" title="羅馬書">羅馬書</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC3%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:羅馬書第3章（页面不存在）">第3章</a>第23-27节</cite></div></blockquote> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">做工的得工價，不算恩典，乃是該得的。唯有不做工的，只信稱罪人為義的神，他的信就算為義。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8" title="羅馬書">羅馬書</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC4%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:羅馬書第4章（页面不存在）">第4章</a>第4-5节</cite></div></blockquote> 另一方面，新教徒亦認為，雖然耶穌基督為所有人死，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%BF%A1%E8%80%85" title="不信者">不信者</a>將失去耶穌基督為他們贏取的赦罪。<a href="#cite_note-AS53-117">[110]</a> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">不信的人，罪已經定了，因為他不信神獨生子的名。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="約翰福音">約翰福音</a>》<a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%AC3%E7%AB%A0" title="Category:约翰福音第3章">第3章</a>第18节</cite></div></blockquote> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">信子的人有永生，不信子的人得不著永生，神的震怒常在他身上。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="約翰福音">約翰福音</a>》<a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%AC3%E7%AB%A0" title="Category:约翰福音第3章">第3章</a>第36节</cite></div></blockquote> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">你們若不信我是基督，必要死在罪中。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="約翰福音">約翰福音</a>》<a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%AC8%E7%AB%A0" title="Category:约翰福音第8章">第8章</a>第24节</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="唯獨恩典">唯獨恩典</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：唯獨恩典">编辑</a>]</div> 新教徒認為，赦免、生命和救恩臨到罪人身上，完全是上帝所賜的禮物，是神差遣<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88" title="聖靈">聖靈</a>進入人的心裡作工，叫人改變心意（悔改）、認罪並信靠主耶穌基督<a href="#cite_note-118">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[112]</a>。藉著信心所接受的，是神的恩典（禮物）。恩典與信心都是和「行為得救」、「行為稱義」對立的：<a href="#cite_note-AS51-120">[113]</a> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">既是出於恩典，就不在乎行為；不然，恩典就不是恩典了。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8" title="羅馬書">羅馬書</a>》</cite></div></blockquote> 《新约聖經》也教導： <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">我們既因信稱義，就藉著我們的主耶穌基督得與神相和。我們又藉著他，因信得進入現在所站的這恩典中，並且歡歡喜喜盼望神的榮耀。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8" title="羅馬書">羅馬書</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC5%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:羅馬書第5章（页面不存在）">第5章</a>第1-2节</cite></div></blockquote> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">神救了我們，以聖召召我們，不是按我們的行為，乃是按他的旨意和恩典。這恩典是萬古之先，在基督耶穌裡賜給我們的 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%AA%E5%BE%8C%E6%9B%B8" title="提摩太後書">提摩太後書</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E6%8F%90%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%AA%E5%BE%8C%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC1%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:提摩太後書第1章（页面不存在）">第1章</a>第9节</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="唯獨聖經">唯獨聖經</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：唯獨聖經">编辑</a>]</div> 「唯獨聖經」即是「唯獨以《聖經》為依歸」，新教徒相信宗教改革后确立的66卷本《聖經》全都是神的默示及無誤的真理，是神啟示的唯一來源、教會的最高權威，沒有任何人或傳統可以替代：<a href="#cite_note-scripturealone-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-solascriptura-13">[13]</a> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">所吩咐你們的話，你們不可加添，也不可刪減，好叫你們遵守我所吩咐的，就是耶和華你們神的命令。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E5%91%BD%E8%A8%98" title="申命記">申命記</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%94%B3%E5%91%BD%E8%A8%98%E7%AC%AC4%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:申命記第4章（页面不存在）">第4章</a>第2节</cite></div></blockquote> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">凡越過基督的教訓不常守著的，就沒有神；常守這教訓的，就有父又有子。若有人到你們那裡，不是傳這教訓，不要接他到家裡，也不要問他的安。因為問他安的，就在他的惡行上有份。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E4%BA%8C%E6%9B%B8" title="約翰二書">約翰二書</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E4%BA%8C%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC1%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:約翰二書第1章（页面不存在）">第1章</a>第9节</cite></div></blockquote> 新教徒認為《聖經》更是所有人在信仰和生活上的最高準則，「人當以訓誨和法度為標準。」<a href="#cite_note-121">[114]</a> 教會要作牧養及施行教會紀律只能依從《聖經》內的教導而行，亦不可以修改或曲解《聖經》任何字詞內容來迎合屬世的需要<a href="#cite_note-scripturealone-14">[14]</a>： <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">若有講道的，要按著神的聖言講 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%89%8D%E6%9B%B8" title="彼得前書">彼得前書</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%89%8D%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC4%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:彼得前書第4章（页面不存在）">第4章</a>第11节</cite></div></blockquote> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">這聖經能使你因信基督耶穌有得救的智慧。聖經都是神所默示的，於教訓、督責、使人歸正、教導人學義都是有益的，叫屬神的人得以完全，預備行各樣的善事。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%AA%E5%BE%8C%E6%9B%B8" title="提摩太後書">提摩太後書</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E6%8F%90%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%AA%E5%BE%8C%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC3%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:提摩太後書第3章（页面不存在）">第3章</a>第15-16节</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="信徒皆祭司">信徒皆祭司</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：信徒皆祭司">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%86%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="信徒皆祭司">信徒皆祭司</a></div> 「信徒皆祭司」，是指所有信徒都擁有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8" title="祭司">祭司</a>的職分，<a href="#cite_note-AS94-122">[115]</a>傳上帝的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="福音">福音</a>。<a href="#cite_note-twbp16-71">[69]</a>《彼得前書》二章9節向基督徒指出： <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">惟有你們是被揀選的族類，是有君尊的祭司、是聖潔的國度、是屬神的子民...</div></blockquote> 基督新教認為所有信徒都可透過<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%9D_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中保 (基督教)（页面不存在）">中保</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediator_(Christ_as_Mediator)" class="extiw" title="en:Mediator (Christ as Mediator)">Mediator (Christ as Mediator)</a>）耶穌基督，直接地、沒有等級地去到神的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E6%81%A9%E5%BA%A7" title="施恩座">面前</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[116]</a>，他們都是福音的使者或僕人，而上帝的旨意就是要所有基督徒跟別人分享救恩的信息<a href="#cite_note-124">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-twbp16-71">[69]</a>，即「<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="福音">福音</a>」——天父藉耶穌的犧牲赦免世人罪孽<a href="#cite_note-2co-jn-rm-105">[101]</a>的好消息：<a href="#cite_note-TWBP2-82">[79]</a> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">...要叫你們宣揚那召你們出黑暗入奇妙光明者的美德。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%89%8D%E6%9B%B8" title="彼得前書">彼得前書</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%89%8D%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC2%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:彼得前書第2章（页面不存在）">第2章</a>第9节</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="最後審判">最後審判</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：最後審判">编辑</a>]</div> 新教認為，基督耶穌<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%86%8D%E4%B8%B4" title="耶稣再临">再次降臨</a>世上的時候，要坐在寶座上<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%90%8E%E5%AE%A1%E5%88%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="最后审判">審判</a>全人類：<a href="#cite_note-AS107-125">[118]</a> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">萬民都要聚集在他的面前；他要把他們分別出來，好像牧羊的分別綿羊山羊一般。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%AA%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="馬太福音">馬太福音</a>》<a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A9%AC%E5%A4%AA%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%AC25%E7%AB%A0" title="Category:马太福音第25章">第25章</a>第32节</cite></div></blockquote> 使徒保羅亦指出，基督耶穌就是那位將來在「他的顯現和他的國度」裏，「審判活人死人」的。<a href="#cite_note-126">[119]</a>新教相信，在審判當日，耶穌基督要將眾人（包括活著的和從死裏復活的）分為兩群。至於人被審判的標準，新教認為，耶穌已清楚指出非信徒因為棄絕祂和祂的福音，就會被定罪：<a href="#cite_note-AS108-127">[120]</a> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">棄絕我不領受我話的人，有審判他的；就是我所講的道，在末日要審判他。 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="約翰福音">約翰福音</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%AC12%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:約翰福音第12章（页面不存在）">第12章</a>第48节</cite></div></blockquote> 人若拒絕行神所喜悅的事，等於為「不信」提供證據。<a href="#cite_note-AS108-127">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="聖禮">聖禮</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：聖禮">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%A6%AE" title="聖禮">聖禮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="洗禮">洗禮</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90" class="mw-redirect" title="聖餐">聖餐</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:180px"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Category:基督教">系列條目</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Christian_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/100px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/150px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/200px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" title="基督">基督</a></li></ul></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="基督教中的耶稣">基督教中的耶稣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F" title="耶稣诞生">降生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B%E5%B7%A5" title="耶稣的事工">事工</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8F%97%E9%9B%A3" title="耶穌受難">受难</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6" title="十字架">十字架</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB" title="耶稣复活">复活</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a></li> <li>基础</li></ul></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="旧约圣经">舊約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3)" title="福音 (耶稣)">福音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%B8" title="正典">正典</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F%E4%B9%A6%E5%8D%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣经书卷（页面不存在）">书卷</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_the_Bible" class="extiw" title="en:Books of the Bible">Books of the Bible</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="教会">教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%B6%93" title="信經">信經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%80%8C%E5%85%AC%E4%B9%8B%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="聖而公之教會">聖而公之教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84" title="新約">新约 (概念)</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教神學">神学</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94" title="三位一體">三位一體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%88%B6" title="聖父">聖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%90" title="神子">聖子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88" title="聖靈">聖靈</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%BE%A8%E6%83%91%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教辨惑學">辨惑学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="洗禮">洗礼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AE%BA" title="基督论">基督论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教神學史">神学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="基督教传教活动">传教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96" title="基督教救贖論">救赎</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教历史">历史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教传统（页面不存在）">传统</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_tradition" class="extiw" title="en:Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a>）</li></ul></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E_(%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA)" title="馬利亞 (耶穌的母親)">马利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="使徒 (基督教)">使徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="彼得 (使徒)">彼得</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="保罗 (使徒)">保罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2)" title="教父 (基督教歷史)">教父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="早期基督教">早期基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">奥古斯丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">阿奎那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">亞維儂分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="约翰·威克里夫">威克里夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">揚胡斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">路德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">喀爾文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%85%88%E9%81%8B%E7%90%86" title="烏利希·慈運理">慈運理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="亨利八世">亨利八世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5" title="雅各布斯·阿民念">阿民念</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%B3%BB" title="基督教派系">派系</a></li><li>群组</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="西方基督教">西方基督教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="天主教">天主教會</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">新教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">信義宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E9%81%93%E5%AE%97" title="循道宗">循道宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%97" title="再臨宗">再臨宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B5%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="重浸派">重浸宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%97" title="聖公宗">聖公宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E7%A4%BC%E5%AE%97" title="浸礼宗">浸礼宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="福音派">福音派</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%81%A9%E6%B4%BE" title="靈恩派">靈恩派</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%9F%BA%E8%A6%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基督教基要主义">基要派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%BD%94%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="聖潔運動">聖潔運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="解放神學">解放神學</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="東方基督教">東方基督教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="正教会">正教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="東正教">東正教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">東儀天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方正統教會">東方正統教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方亞述教會">東方亞述教會</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E6%B4%BE" title="非三位一體派">非三位一體派</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="後期聖徒運動">後期聖徒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%A0%BC%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E8%8A%82%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="独一神格五旬节派（页面不存在）">独一神格五旬节派</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostal" class="extiw" title="en:Oneness Pentecostal">Oneness Pentecostal</a>）</li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;">相关专题</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="基督教藝術">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%86" title="教會年曆">节日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84" title="对基督教的批评">批评</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="普世教會合一運動">合一运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">禮拜儀式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="基督教音乐">音乐</a></li> <li><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">Portal:基督教</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Template:基督教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:基督教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:基督教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 新教只承認<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="洗禮">洗禮</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90" class="mw-redirect" title="聖餐">聖餐</a>兩个<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%A6%AE" title="聖禮">聖禮</a> <a href="#cite_note-128">[121]</a> （浸信會、播道會和宣道會等視為「定例」），与天主教和東正教的看法不同。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="聖餐禮">聖餐禮</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：聖餐禮">编辑</a>]</div> 主餐被視為聖禮之一，是根據《新約聖經》中主耶穌在最後晚餐中說過的話： <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">他們吃的時候，耶穌拿起餅來，祝福了，就擘開，遞給門徒，說：「你們拿去，吃吧。這是我的身體。」他又拿起杯來，祝謝了，遞給他們，說：「你們都喝這個，因為這是我立約的血，為許多人流出來，使罪得赦。但我告訴你們，從今以後，我不再喝這葡萄汁，直到我在我父的國裏與你們同喝新的那日子。」 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%AA%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="馬太福音">馬太福音</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%AA%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%AC26%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:馬太福音第26章（页面不存在）">第26章</a>第26-29节</cite></div></blockquote> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">「你們要如此行，為的是記念我。」 <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="路加福音">路加福音</a>》<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%AC22%E7%AB%A0" title="路加福音第22章">第22章</a>第19节</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="洗禮">洗禮</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：洗禮">编辑</a>]</div> 除聖餐禮外，新教認為耶穌基督亦清楚吩咐信徒施行洗禮： <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">所以，你們要去，使萬民作我的門徒，奉父、子、聖靈的名給他們施洗… <cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%AA%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="馬太福音">馬太福音</a>》<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%AA%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%AC28%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:馬太福音第28章（页面不存在）">第28章</a>第19节</cite></div></blockquote> 新教認為，耶穌已作<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8F%97%E9%9B%A3" title="耶穌受難">獻祭</a>，故不把逾越節等以色列人禮節視作「定例」。（歌羅西書2章16節至17節）<a href="#cite_note-129">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="組織制度">組織制度</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：組織制度">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章节需要<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit">扩充</a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%94%BF%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6" title="教政體制">教政體制</a></div> 新教的教會，一般有三種制度：主教制、長老制和會眾制。一般來說，会众制比較多教會採用。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主教制">主教制</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：主教制">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="主教">主教</a></div> 主教制源自天主教會的主教制度，幾乎和天主教會的主教制度一模一樣，唯一不同的是神職人員沒有<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E8%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="獨身">獨身</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%A7%84" title="清规">清規</a>，亦可以結婚。天主教會的主教制是在使徒们去世后于第二、三世纪兴起的主教制度，所以可以說主教制是整個基督宗教中歷史最悠久的神職人員制度。 現在行主教制的新教教會已經很少，<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聖公會">聖公會</a>就是沿用主教制，從教会制度和禮儀上看來，聖公會基本上屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="大公教會">大公教會</a>傳統。<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="路德宗">路德宗</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="卫理宗">卫理宗</a>則由各區會自行選擇使用主教制還是長老制；在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="港澳">港澳</a>，路德会和卫理公会就選用了<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E5%88%B6" title="長老制">長老制</a>。然而，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="芬蘭">芬蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>等地，他們則通常採用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="主教制">主教制</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="長老制">長老制</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：長老制">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E8%80%81_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="长老 (基督教)">長老 (基督教)</a></div> 長老制，或稱<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="代議">代議</a>制、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="議會">議會</a>制，是一個以議會形式管理區會的制度。議會內的成員由各教会選出長老，代表該教会出席會議。顧名思義，長老會就是採用長老制的教會，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%AE%97%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教改革宗長老會（页面不存在）">基督教改革宗長老會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="台灣基督長老教會">台灣基督長老教會</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韓國基督長老教會（页面不存在）">韓國基督長老教會</a>等。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="会众制">会众制</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：会众制">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="牧師">牧師</a></div> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E7%9C%BE%E5%88%B6" title="會眾制">会众制</a>，又稱公理制，源自於神學家<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E9%81%8B%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="慈運理">慈運理</a>的主張，就是主張各教会獨立，教会的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="牧師">牧師</a>為教會內最高的決策者，並由會眾決議一切教會的內部事務。很多教會採用会众制，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E4%BF%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="浸信會">浸信會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="公理会">公理會</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="神召會">神召會</a>等，以及不少獨立教會。一些会众制的教會，在地區上也有一個沒有什麼實際作用和權力的聯會，以聯繫該宗派的和各教会。 会众制有一個缺點，就是教會之間的交往和合作较少，意見或有差距，最後甚至會使一些教會脫離其宗派獨立；但也有一个优点，就是并非铁板一块，所以不会产生一坏俱坏、一损俱损、全盘堕落的重大后果。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗派">宗派</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：宗派">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章节需要<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit">扩充</a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%B3%BB" title="基督教派系">基督教派系</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="基督教教派列表">基督教教派列表</a></div> 現時基督新教中，會眾人數較多的宗派包括： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聖公會">聖公會</a>（又稱聖公宗）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">信義宗</a>（又稱路德宗）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a>（又稱喀爾文宗、改革宗，包含長老宗、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%A0%BC%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE" title="胡格諾派">胡格諾派</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E4%BF%A1%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="浸信宗">浸信宗</a>（又稱浸禮宗）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E9%81%93%E5%AE%97" title="循道宗">循道宗</a>（又稱衛理宗）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B5%B8%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="重浸宗">重浸宗</a>（又稱重洗派、再洗禮派，包含<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E5%B8%8C%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="阿米希人">阿米希人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="胡特爾派">胡特爾派</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="門諾會">門諾會</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="五旬宗">五旬宗</a>（又稱<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E8%8A%82%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="五旬节派">五旬節派</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="神召會">神召會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E7%AF%80%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="五旬節會">五旬節會</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E6%96%B9%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四方福音會（页面不存在）">四方福音會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foursquare_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Foursquare Church">Foursquare Church</a>）等）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="復臨宗">復臨宗</a>（又稱安息日會）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="普利茅斯弟兄会">普利茅斯弟兄會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="摩拉维亚弟兄会">摩拉維亞弟兄會</a>（又稱弟兄合一會、波西米亞弟兄會）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="貴格會">貴格會</a>（又稱公誼會、教友派）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E9%81%93%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="宣道會">宣道會</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教運動">宗教運動</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：宗教運動">编辑</a>]</div> 除傳統宗派活動外，新教也有跨宗派運動，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="福音派">福音派</a>運動、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%81%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="靈恩運動">靈恩運動</a>等。這些運動，一些活躍於新教教內，另一些則甚至超越新教，例如靈恩運動，不只影響新教，更影響天主教會。這運動旨在將五旬宗的信條及其實踐融入基督宗教各個分支當中，近年<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%81%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95#第三波(約_1980年)" title="靈恩運動">第三波靈恩運動</a>更發展出新靈恩教會，與五旬宗教會一同被稱為靈恩派。<a href="#cite_note-130">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="非宗派教會">非宗派教會</a>和各種<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="家庭教會">家庭教會</a>有時也會被視為跨宗派運動的產物。現時新教中最具影響力的跨宗派運動包括： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%9F%BA%E8%A6%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基督教基要主义">基要派</a>运动</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="福音派">福音派</a>运动</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E6%81%A9%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="灵恩运动">灵恩运动</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="福音派">福音派</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：福音派">编辑</a>]</div> 福音派為一全球性跨宗派運動，相信《福音》的精髓在於透過相信耶穌基督的贖罪而得救。<a href="#cite_note-Oxf-131">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[125]</a> 福音派信徒強調接受救恩過程中<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%94%9F_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="重生 (基督教)">重生經驗</a>的重要性，相信聖經是上帝對人類權威性的啟示，並致力傳播福音或分享信息。在18世紀和19世紀，隨著衛理公會的興起以及英國和北美的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%BA%E9%86%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="大覺醒運動">大覺醒運動</a>，福音派可說是盛極一時。福音派的起源可以追溯到英國衛理公會運動，其理念包含了其他路德宗、長老宗等宗派及北美清教徒的元素。<a href="#cite_note-Christianity_report-133">[126]</a>著名福音派領袖包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%A1%9B%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86" title="約翰·衛斯理">約翰·衛斯理</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%87%B7%E7%89%B9%E8%85%93" title="喬治·懷特腓">喬治·懷特腓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%9F%B9%E7%90%86" title="葛培理">葛培理</a>等。 現時全球有2億8,000萬多福音派信徒，佔全球人口總人口的4％。大部份信徒活躍於美洲，非洲和亞洲，當中美國是福音派信徒最集中的國家。<a href="#cite_note-How_Many_Evangelicals_Are_There-134">[127]</a>另外，福音派近年漸漸在拉丁美洲和眾多發展中國家興起。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="靈恩運動">靈恩運動</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：靈恩運動">编辑</a>]</div> 靈恩運動，也稱靈恩派，於1960代的新教中興起，在眾多傳統宗派中廣為流行，運動希望將五旬宗的信條及其實踐融入當中，其核心教導非常著重信徒的「屬靈恩賜」。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="基要派">基要派</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：基要派">编辑</a>]</div> 基要主義，也稱基要派，是19世紀末20世紀初在新教內興起的一個運動，而非一個宗派。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>等地有較大影響。英語“基要主義”一詞在20世紀初由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E5%AE%97" title="長老宗">長老宗</a>教徒提出，但基要主義運動後來是由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E4%BF%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="浸信會">浸信會</a>繼承，並由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="福音派">福音派</a>發揚光大。基要派主張“<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E7%84%A1%E8%AA%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="聖經絕對無誤">聖經絕對無誤</a>”，反對一切<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="自由主義神學">自由主義神學</a>（或稱現代派神學），反對他們對《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>》的批判。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="新教文化">新教文化</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：新教文化">编辑</a>]</div> 宗教改革本身雖為宗教運動，但亦為人類生活各範疇，包括婚姻和家庭、教育、人文與科學、政治與社會秩序、經濟和藝術帶來深遠影響。<a href="#cite_note-Karl_Heussi_1956_pp._317–319-28">[28]</a>新教容許神職人員自行選擇結婚或獨身，<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Protestantism-19">[19]</a>從1950年代開始亦陸續有女性擔任教牧工作。 宗教改革家希望所有信徒都能夠自行閱讀《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>》，而非透過<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%93%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="神職人員">神職人員</a>講授<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%90%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" class="mw-redirect" title="教理问答">教理問答</a>，因此新教大力發展教育，希望教育不同階層藉此提高<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%97%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="識字率">識字率</a>。直至18世紀中期<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭">英格蘭</a>的識字率達到60%，而<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>的識字率更達65%，在當時<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>八成男性和女性能夠閱讀和書寫。<a href="#cite_note-135">[128]</a>新教更建立無數大學院校，例如北美清教徒於17世紀成立<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="哈佛大學">哈佛大學</a>，18世紀亦成立著名的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="耶魯大學">耶魯大學</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="賓夕凡尼亞州">賓夕凡尼亞州</a>更成為了著名學術中心。<a href="#cite_note-136">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[130]</a>美國新教徒在社會各領域，包括政治、商業、科學、藝術和教育等都<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="白人盎格魯-撒克遜新教徒">擔任領導角色</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政教關係">政教關係</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：政教關係">编辑</a>]</div> 新教因各宗派各有教義，對政教的關係的立場大都不太相同。從應該與普世政府隔絕的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E5%B8%8C%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="阿米希人">阿米希人</a>，到認同<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E9%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="政教分離">政教分離</a>，但普遍沒有抗拒參與或組織<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>活動，到後來<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="福音派">福音派</a>教會自1980年代起，動員要求信徒基於其教會的信仰價值觀去支持某個特定政黨和要爲某政治人物候選人作志願者幫忙；一般來說，他們反對政府影響教會的信條，尤其在宗教信仰自由的層面上。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="路德宗">路德宗</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：路德宗">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="路德宗">路德宗</a>（信義宗）信徒認為不僅教會，國家、政府，都是上帝所設。「凡掌權的都是上帝所命的」（<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93_(%E5%92%8C%E5%90%88%E6%9C%AC)/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8#.E7.AC.AC.E5.8D.81.E4.B8.89.E7.AB.A0" class="extiw" title="wikisource:zh:聖經 (和合本)/羅馬書">羅馬書13:1</a>）。认为基督徒因為良心的原故，要順服管轄他們的政府（<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93_(%E5%92%8C%E5%90%88%E6%9C%AC)/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8#.E7.AC.AC.E5.8D.81.E4.B8.89.E7.AB.A0" class="extiw" title="wikisource:zh:聖經 (和合本)/羅馬書">羅馬書13:5</a>），除非政府命令他們不順從上帝（<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93_(%E5%92%8C%E5%90%88%E6%9C%AC)/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E8%A1%8C%E5%82%B3#.E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.94.E7.AB.A0" class="extiw" title="wikisource:zh:聖經 (和合本)/使徒行傳">使徒行傳5:29</a>）<a href="#cite_note-twbp18-138">[131]</a>。同時，信義宗主張政教分工，相信上帝給予教會及國家不同的責任。教會的責任是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%BC%E5%8F%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="呼召（页面不存在）">呼召</a>罪人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%94%E6%94%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悔改（页面不存在）">悔改</a>，宣佈赦罪，和鼓勵信徒能過合乎上帝心意的生活；國家的責任是：維持良好的秩序及和平，懲罰犯錯的人和安排一切社會大小事務（<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93_(%E5%92%8C%E5%90%88%E6%9C%AC)/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8#.E7.AC.AC.E5.8D.81.E4.B8.89.E7.AB.A0" class="extiw" title="wikisource:zh:聖經 (和合本)/羅馬書">羅馬書13:3,4</a>）讓一個國家的公民「可以敬虔端正，平安無事的度日」（<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93_(%E5%92%8C%E5%90%88%E6%9C%AC)/%E6%8F%90%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%AA%E5%89%8D%E6%9B%B8#.E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E7.AB.A0" class="extiw" title="wikisource:zh:聖經 (和合本)/提摩太前書">提摩太前書2:2</a>）<a href="#cite_note-twbp18-138">[131]</a> 信義宗相信國家、政府是藉着法律及賞罰去達致她被委派的責任。這些法律及其中的賞罰是在理性思維的亮光下設立及執行的（羅馬書13:4）。理性思維的亮光包括對上帝、律法的明明可知的知識和良心<a href="#cite_note-twbp18-138">[131]</a>。信義宗相信只有教會及國家（或政府）各自在上帝給予的特定範圍中運作，及使用上帝交託的工具的情況下，才會有合宜的政教關係。當國家執行其責任時，教會不應行使其公民權利或加以阻礙。信義宗認為政府不應成為福音的使者，或阻礙教會傳福音的使命。教會不應企圖使用社會的公民法及武力去引領人歸信基督。國家不應尋求以福音作為治理的工具。另一方面，只要教會及國家保留在其特定的範圍內和使用交託給她們的工具，她們可以互相合作<a href="#cite_note-twbp18-138">[131]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="歸正宗">歸正宗</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：歸正宗">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">約翰·加爾文</a>在宗教改革後一直居住在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%AC%8A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="神權共和時期">民主共和</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%85%A7%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="日內瓦">日內瓦</a>，自己也主張<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a>教會實行比主教制民主得多的長老制，這種制度影響<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭">英格蘭</a>等地區。克爾文強調<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="神權">神權</a>，不完全贊成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">民主</a>，因為他認為這很容易淪為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="暴民政治">暴民政治</a>，使社會失去目標和秩序。他認為任何政治制度都必須確保社會能朝向神聖目標進發。所以可以說，他不是完全贊成<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E9%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="政教分離">政教分離</a>。克爾文所設計的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">民主</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="共和">共和</a>的教會組織形式，要實行<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="選舉">民主選舉</a>与神權<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="共和">共和</a>。在克爾文的領導下，日內瓦成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="政教合一">政教合一</a>的神權共和國和宗教改革的中心。后来持守<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="克爾文主義">克尔文主义</a>的人士，往往也喜欢政教合作的关系，不愿政府与教会严格的分离，而希望能彼此合作，比如信奉<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="清教徒">清教徒</a>移居<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="北美">北美</a>之后，曾在<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E5%A1%9E%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="麻塞諸塞">麻塞诸塞</a>殖民地建立了政教合作的体制。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="浸礼宗">浸礼宗</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：浸礼宗">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E7%A4%BC%E5%AE%97" title="浸礼宗">浸礼宗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E6%B4%97%E7%A4%BC%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="再洗礼派">再洗礼派</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="基督教右派">基督教右派</a></div> 从<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E6%B4%97%E7%A4%BC%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="再洗礼派">再洗礼派</a>开始就非常执著地、坚定地支持<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB" title="政教分离">政教分离</a>的原则，反對像聖公會那样與<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="英國政府">英國政府</a>維持特殊結合關系的教會（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="英國君主">英國君主</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="英國聖公會">英國聖公會</a>的最高領袖），并因此深刻影响了美国建国后的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="美国宪法">美国宪法</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第一修正案">第一修正案</a>。因著浸信會在美國的影響力極大，不少獨立教會也支持政教分離。 另就新教內部的信徒來說，由於<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="政教合一">政教合一</a>曾在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="基督教史">基督教史</a>上留下血腥記錄，故现今普遍有政教分離的內在意願。後來，因為美國南部為了<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="白人">白人</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E8%8E%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農莊（页面不存在）">農莊</a>信眾役使<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%A5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="黑奴">黑奴</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="種族隔離">種族隔離</a>，美國的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E4%BF%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="浸信會">浸信會</a>分裂成<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B8%E4%BF%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="美南浸信會">美南浸信會</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B8%E7%A6%AE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="美北浸禮會">美北浸禮會</a>，美南浸信會演化成<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="福音派">福音派</a>其一教會，要求教會影響政府。 美南浸信會後支持保守派政黨（即<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="共和黨 (美國)">共和黨</a>），動員教友參與社會運動，被指是希望團結保守派的教會力量對抗自由派的勢力，以及團結保守派的力量反對衝擊教會價值觀的如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%AE%E8%83%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="墮胎">墮胎</a>和同性戀權利等<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="民主黨 (美國)">民主黨</a>支持的政策，變成為一大政治力量。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见">参见</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：参见">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教主题</a></li> <li style="display:table-row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/48px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/64px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:新教（页面不存在）">新教主题</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E4%BF%A1%E7%A8%B1%E7%BE%A9" title="因信稱義">因信稱義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">信義宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">馬丁·路德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="三十年戰爭">三十年戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="福音派">福音派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%9F%BA%E8%A6%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基督教基要主义">基督教基要主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%87%AA%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国自立教会">中国自立教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国家庭教会">中國家庭教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="三自爱国教会">三自爱国教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E6%81%A9%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="灵恩运动">灵恩运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E9%96%80%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="摩門教">摩門教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="天主教">天主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="大公教会">大公教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="西方基督教">西方基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="正教">正教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%B3%BB" title="基督教派系">基督教派系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="教会四特征">教会四特征</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释">注释</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：注释">编辑</a>]</div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> 亦稱無連屬基督徒（Unaffiliated Christians），即沒有教會會籍或不屬任何宗派的信徒<a href="#cite_note-MJWM-39">[39]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> 從拉丁語發展出來的英語Protestantism、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a>Protestantismus及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a>Protestantisme也有相近稱呼。<a href="#cite_note-HJH-48">[47]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> 這是歷史上傳統新教路德宗、<a href="#cite_note-FOCEpitome-76">[74]</a>浸信會、<a href="#cite_note-1689Baptist-77">[75]</a>改革宗<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a>和衛理公會<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a>的信仰立場。 </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> 《創世記》3章15節；<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a>《申命記》18章15節；<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a>《撒母耳記下》7章12-13節；<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a>《詩篇》22章；<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a>《以賽亞書》7章14節；9章6-7節；9章11節；<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a>《耶利米書》23章5-6節及31章31-34節；<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a>《但以理書》9章24後；<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a>《約珥書》2章28-32節；<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a>《阿摩司書》9章11-15節；<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a>《約拿書》1章17節；<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a>《彌迦書》4章1-5並5章2節；<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a>《西番雅書》3章9-20節；<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a>《哈該書》2章6-9節；<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a>《撒迦利亞書》9章9-10節；11章12-13節；12章10節；13章7節；<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a>《瑪拉基書》3章1節和4章5節<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> 東正教相信在獲得救恩的過程中須要「人神同工」。<a href="#cite_note-CStavropoulos-109">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> 根據天主教教義，遵守誡命、個人功德和律法都是得救必須。<a href="#cite_note-112">[107]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> 新教認為，耶穌已經替代人類成為完全的贖罪祭、償還人類一切罪債，故人毋須以自身力量、善工去補贖。<a href="#cite_note-FOCEpitome-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heb10-18-107">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[109]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用">引用</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：引用">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CanadianEncyclopedia1999-1"><a href="#cite_ref-CanadianEncyclopedia1999_1-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Marsh, James H. (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610061320/https://books.google.com/books?id=wR_-aSFyvuYC&pg=PA1920">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a>. McClelland & Stewart Inc. 1999: 1920 [2022-05-02]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0771020996" title="Special:网络书源/0771020996">ISBN 0771020996</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wR_-aSFyvuYC&pg=PA1920">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-10）. <q>Protestantim is the religious tradition of Western CHRISTIANITY that rejects the authority of the pope of Rome...The rejection of Roman Catholic teaching and practice quickly became focused on rejection of the authority of the pope, often referred to as the "Anti-Christ" by Protestants.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=Marsh%2C+James+H.&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0771020996&rft.pages=1920&rft.pub=McClelland+%26+Stewart+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwR_-aSFyvuYC%26pg%3DPA1920&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-PSue1999-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PSue1999_2-0">2.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PSue1999_2-1">2.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Penney, Sue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323181126/https://books.google.com/books?id=wp959ngsh1QC&pg=PA12">Christianity</a>. Heinemann Educational Publishers. 1999: 12 [2020-05-11]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0435304771" title="Special:网络书源/0435304771">ISBN 0435304771</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wp959ngsh1QC&pg=PA12">原始内容</a>存档于2021-03-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.aulast=Penney&rft.btitle=Christianity&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0435304771&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Heinemann+Educational+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwp959ngsh1QC%26pg%3DPA12&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610061314/https://www.lexico.com/definition/protestant">PROTESTANT - Meaning & Definition for UK English</a>. Lexico.com by Oxford. [2022-05-12]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/definition/protestant">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=PROTESTANT+-+Meaning+%26+Definition+for+UK+English&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico.com+by+Oxford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fprotestant&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-MNickens-4"><a href="#cite_ref-MNickens_4-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Nickens, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610072302/https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=_GoPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT158">A Survey of the History of Global Christianity</a>. B&H Academic. 2020: 158 [2022-05-25]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-5359-8500-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-5359-8500-0">ISBN 978-1-5359-8500-0</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=_GoPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT158">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-10）. <q>Christianity roughly consists of three divisions: Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.aulast=Nickens&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+the+History+of+Global+Christianity&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-5359-8500-0&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=B%26H+Academic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.hk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_GoPEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT158&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Luther, Martin (1537), Smalcald Articles, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bookofconcord.org/smalcald-articles/ii/first-and-chief-article/">Article I - First and Chief Article</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220502161648/https://bookofconcord.org/smalcald-articles/ii/first-and-chief-article/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Holmes, D.L., A Brief History of the Episcopal Church, pp2-3, "Called 'justification by grace through faith,' this central teaching of Protestantism is articulated in such hymns as 'A Mighty Fortress is Our God,' 'Ah, Holy Jesus,' and 'Just as I Am.'" </li> <li id="cite_note-AS46-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AS46_7-0">7.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AS46_7-1">7.1</a> 薛思捷，《聖經要道》，頁46：「耶穌完全順服天父，做了罪人的替身，包括代替世人接受罪的懲罰。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> 《以賽亞書》五十三章6節，「我們都如羊走迷，各人偏行己路；耶和華使我們眾人的罪孽都歸在他身上。」；《馬太福音》二十章28節，「人子來，不是要受人的服事，乃是要服事人，並且要捨命，作多人的贖價。」；《哥林多後書》五章19節，「神在基督裏使世人與自己和好，不將他們的過犯歸到他們身上」；《約翰一書》二章2節，「他為我們的罪作了贖罪祭，不單是為我們的罪，也是為普天下人的罪。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-moitw-diff-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moitw-diff_9-0">9.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moitw-diff_9-1">9.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moitw-diff_9-2">9.2</a> <cite class="citation web">曾祖漢. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160720144659/http://religion.moi.gov.tw/Knowledge/Content?ci=2&cid=296">《基督新教》</a>. 全國宗教資訊網. [2022-05-27]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://religion.moi.gov.tw/Knowledge/Content?ci=2&cid=296">原始内容</a>存档于2016-07-20）. <q>新教有別於天主教，可以從新教在某些教義和神學的前提上看得出來，馬丁·路德在公元1517年開始宗教改革的運動，他的神學思想起點源於個人的經歷，到底面對公義的神時，人要如何才能夠被接納呢？「因信稱義」（Justification through faith）是路德也是新教的關鍵教義，意思是因著信心的緣故，神把人當作義人（稱義），不是人本身有什麼值得討神喜悅的，而是公義的神在審判的時候不再看人的不完全，而只看到信心的對象，即耶穌基督，雖然世人都無法過一個完美的一生在神面前被稱為義，但是神的兒子耶穌基督過了完美的一生得著了「義」的地位，信徒只要藉著信靠耶穌基督，這個耶穌基督的義就被轉撥到我們身上，因此，神是因著耶穌基督的緣故，稱那些相信之人為義人。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E6%BC%A2&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freligion.moi.gov.tw%2FKnowledge%2FContent%3Fci%3D2%26cid%3D296&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-SALEM7-10"><a href="#cite_ref-SALEM7_10-0">^</a> 南亞路德會，《信仰立場》，頁7：「人藉著信心（相信和接受耶穌基督為救主）便可得著這救恩。『你們得救是本乎恩，也因著信；這並不是出於自己，乃是上帝所賜的；也不是出於行為，免得有人自誇。』(弗2:8-9)」 </li> <li id="cite_note-qa17580-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-qa17580_11-0">11.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-qa17580_11-1">11.1</a> WELS Topical Q&A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090927212902/https://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=19&cuItem_itemID=17580">Faith and Works</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-twbp9-12"><a href="#cite_ref-twbp9_12-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090926222403/http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=783&contentID=92109&shortcutID=30682">《我們所信》</a>，亞洲路德宗神學院翻譯事務社，頁9，「每個人藉着信領受這份禮物（以弗所書2:8,9），而非藉着他們的行為...不信的人將失去基督為他們贏取的赦罪（約翰福音8:24）。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-solascriptura-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-solascriptura_13-0">13.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-solascriptura_13-1">13.1</a> WELS Topical Q&A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090927214527/https://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=39&cuItem_itemID=12132">Sola Scriptura</a>, "many passages...state sola scriptura, such as Revelation 22:18-19. If we cannot add anything to the words of Scripture and we cannot take anything away from them, that is Scripture alone." </li> <li id="cite_note-scripturealone-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scripturealone_14-0">14.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-scripturealone_14-1">14.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-scripturealone_14-2">14.2</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218124357/http://www.salem.org.hk/5sola/02_1.html">唯獨聖經</a>. 南亞路德會. [2018-03-22]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salem.org.hk/5sola/02_1.html">原始内容</a>存档于2020-12-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E5%94%AF%E7%8D%A8%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%9C%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salem.org.hk%2F5sola%2F02_1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-QA-Peter-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QA-Peter_15-0">15.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QA-Peter_15-1">15.1</a> WELS Topical Q&A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/faq/peter-the-first-pope/">Peter the first pope?</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210303075420/https://wels.net/faq/peter-the-first-pope/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </li> <li id="cite_note-ST337-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ST337_16-0">16.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ST337_16-1">16.1</a> 巴刻，《簡明神學》，頁337，「當改教家們反對教皇制，並與羅馬天主教分道揚鑣時，他們需要決定什麼是真教會的標記。他們從聖經裏找到了答案，這標記有兩個標準：第一，肯忠實地傳講神道：其意為，受置疑的團體必須肯根據聖經，教導基督教福音的基要之道。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-PJenkins-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PJenkins_17-0">17.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PJenkins_17-1">17.1</a> Jenkins, Paul (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://essays.wisluthsem.org:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/7/Power%20and%20Primacy%20Paper.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">The Relevance of Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope for Today's Lutheran Pastor</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220516005331/http://essays.wisluthsem.org:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/7/Power%20and%20Primacy%20Paper.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, pp3-4 </li> <li id="cite_note-JCalvin-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JCalvin_18-0">18.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JCalvin_18-1">18.1</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">Calvin, John</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%A6%81%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="基督教要義">Institutes of the Christian Religion</a> (Vol. 2), Translated by John Allen, Wipf & Stock, 2013, p335 </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Protestantism-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Protestantism_19-0">19.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Protestantism_19-1">19.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Melton, J. Gordon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323181207/https://books.google.com/books?id=bW3sXBjnokkC&pg=PR11">Encyclopedia of Protestantism</a>. Infobase Publishing. 2018: 11 [2018-03-23]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780816069835" title="Special:网络书源/9780816069835">ISBN 9780816069835</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bW3sXBjnokkC&pg=PR11">原始内容</a>存档于2021-03-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=J.+Gordon&rft.aulast=Melton&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Protestantism&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780816069835&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbW3sXBjnokkC%26pg%3DPR11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CSDixon-20"><a href="#cite_ref-CSDixon_20-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Dixon, C. Scott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xLBa5aO7fgQC&pg=PA32">Protestants: A History from Wittenberg to Pennsylvania 1517-1740</a>. : 32 [2022-10-25]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220515183329/https://books.google.com/books?id=xLBa5aO7fgQC&pg=PA32">存档</a>于2022-05-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=C.+Scott&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.btitle=Protestants%3A+A+History+from+Wittenberg+to+Pennsylvania+1517-1740&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=32&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxLBa5aO7fgQC%26pg%3DPA32&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-fivesolae-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fivesolae_21-0">21.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fivesolae_21-1">21.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salem.org.hk/5sola/01.html">五個唯獨：簡介</a>. 南亞路德會. [2024-12-08]. <q>我們如此相信、宣告並教導人：1聖經全都是上帝的默示及無誤的真理。2聖經是上帝啟示的唯一來源。3聖經是教會的最高權威及沒有任何人或傳統可以替代。4聖經是所有人在生活上的最高準則。5聖經表明每一人個都違背了上帝的律法，因此所有人都是罪人。6聖經表明人得救的唯一途徑是因相信主耶穌基督為救主。7教會要作牧養及施行教會紀律只能依從聖經內的教導而行。8我們不可修改或曲解聖經任何字詞內容來迎合屬世的需要。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%94%E5%80%8B%E5%94%AF%E7%8D%A8%EF%BC%9A%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%9C%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salem.org.hk%2F5sola%2F01.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-PECH-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PECH_22-0">22.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PECH_22-1">22.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Hindson, Ed. Mitchell, Dan , 编. The Popular Encyclopedia of Church History: The People, Places, and Events that shaped Christianity. : 277.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft.aulast=Hindson&rft.btitle=The+Popular+Encyclopedia+of+Church+History%3A+The+People%2C+Places%2C+and+Events+that+shaped+Christianity&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=277&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-christianitydotcom-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-christianitydotcom_23-0">23.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-christianitydotcom_23-1">23.1</a> <cite class="citation web">Holcomb, Justin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/the-five-solas-of-the-protestant-reformation.html">The Five Solas - Points from the past that should matter to you</a>. Christianity.com. [2017-08-20]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117045026/http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/the-five-solas-of-the-protestant-reformation.html">存档</a>于2020-11-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=The+Five+Solas+-+Points+from+the+past+that+should+matter+to+you&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft.aulast=Holcomb&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christianity.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianity.com%2Fchurch%2Fchurch-history%2Fthe-five-solas-of-the-protestant-reformation.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Watson, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610061513/https://books.google.com/books?id=uw78AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98">Religious Thoughts</a>. iUniverse. 2014: 98 [2018-03-22]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781491737590" title="Special:网络书源/9781491737590">ISBN 9781491737590</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uw78AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.btitle=Religious+Thoughts&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781491737590&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duw78AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA98&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-HistDictLuth-25"><a href="#cite_ref-HistDictLuth_25-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Gassmann, Günther; Larson, Duane H.; Oldenburg, Mark W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610070110/https://books.google.com/books?id=Htz8M1Xlqi4C&pg=PA9">Historical Dictionary of Lutheranism</a>. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. 4 April 2001: 9 [2018-03-22]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0810839458" title="Special:网络书源/0810839458">ISBN 0810839458</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Htz8M1Xlqi4C&pg=PA9">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=Larson%2C+Duane+H.&rft.au=Oldenburg%2C+Mark+W.&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnther&rft.aulast=Gassmann&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Lutheranism&rft.date=2001-04-04&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0810839458&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHtz8M1Xlqi4C%26pg%3DPA9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kuyper, Abraham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610070117/https://books.google.com/books?id=1asvyE-1DUkC&pg=PT19">Calvinism</a>. Primedia E-launch LLC. 1899: 19 [2018-03-22]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781622090457" title="Special:网络书源/9781622090457">ISBN 9781622090457</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1asvyE-1DUkC&pg=PT19">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rft.aulast=Kuyper&rft.btitle=Calvinism&rft.date=1899&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781622090457&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Primedia+E-launch+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1asvyE-1DUkC%26pg%3DPT19&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-HenryVIIILeague-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HenryVIIILeague_27-0">27.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HenryVIIILeague_27-1">27.1</a> McEntegart, Rory, Henry VIII, the League of Schmalkalden, and the English Reformation, p14 </li> <li id="cite_note-Karl_Heussi_1956_pp._317–319-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karl_Heussi_1956_pp._317–319_28-0">28.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karl_Heussi_1956_pp._317–319_28-1">28.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Karl, Heussi. Kompendium der Kirchengeschichte 11. Tübingen (Germany): Auflage. 1956: 317-319, 325-326.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Heussi&rft.aulast=Karl&rft.btitle=Kompendium+der+Kirchengeschichte&rft.date=1956&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=317-319%2C+325-326&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen+%28Germany%29&rft.pub=Auflage&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-moitw-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moitw_29-0">29.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moitw_29-1">29.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moitw_29-2">29.2</a> <cite class="citation web">曾祖漢. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160720144659/http://religion.moi.gov.tw/Knowledge/Content?ci=2&cid=296">《基督新教》</a>. 全國宗教資訊網. [2022-05-27]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://religion.moi.gov.tw/Knowledge/Content?ci=2&cid=296">原始内容</a>存档于2016-07-20）. <q>廣泛的基督教包含了新教、天主教、東正教以及許多其中衍生的教派，狹義的基督教稱為新教，就是對應舊教（天主教），新教同時有許多的其他的名稱，每個名稱都代表著對天主教的區別和改革，因此新教也稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="抗罗宗">抗羅宗</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="更正教">更正教</a>等等，而這個分裂的過程被稱為宗教改革運動。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E6%BC%A2&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freligion.moi.gov.tw%2FKnowledge%2FContent%3Fci%3D2%26cid%3D296&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Tong-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Tong_30-0">^</a> 唐凱麟（編），《西方倫理學名著提要》（下冊），頁61 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation book">劉幸枝. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610063604/https://books.google.com/books?id=GJouDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">《主護城傳奇：欽岑多夫伯爵與十八世紀摩拉維亞復興史》</a>. 台灣: 橄欖出版. 2009: 45 [4/5/2022]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789866355455" title="Special:网络书源/9789866355455">ISBN 9789866355455</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GJouDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E5%8A%89%E5%B9%B8%E6%9E%9D&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%BB%E8%AD%B7%E5%9F%8E%E5%82%B3%E5%A5%87%EF%BC%9A%E6%AC%BD%E5%B2%91%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E8%88%87%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789866355455&rft.pages=45&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3&rft.pub=%E6%A9%84%E6%AC%96%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGJouDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA45&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-CR39-32"><a href="#cite_ref-CR39_32-0">^</a> The Chinese Recorder (Vol. 39), American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1908, p157 </li> <li id="cite_note-Ng-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Ng_33-0">^</a> 吳國傑，《拆壁重修：宗教改革縱橫談》，頁5 </li> <li id="cite_note-CheungSR-34"><a href="#cite_ref-CheungSR_34-0">^</a> 張信剛，《文明的地圖—一部絲綢之路的風雲史》（海外修訂版），頁54 </li> <li id="cite_note-hk-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hk_35-0">35.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hk_35-1">35.1</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2015/tc/pdf/C20.pdf">《香港年報》第二十章：宗教和風俗</a> (PDF). [2016-08-09]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820142419/http://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2015/tc/pdf/C20.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2016-08-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%B9%B4%E5%A0%B1%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E7%AB%A0%EF%BC%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%92%8C%E9%A2%A8%E4%BF%97&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yearbook.gov.hk%2F2015%2Ftc%2Fpdf%2FC20.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew20:25-26&version=CUVMPT;TR1550">《馬太福音》二十章25-26節上</a>. [2022-05-12]. <q>耶穌叫了他們來，說：「你們知道，外邦人有君王為主治理他們，有大臣操權管束他們。只是在你們中間不可這樣」</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%AA%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E3%80%8B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E7%AB%A025-26%E7%AF%80%E4%B8%8A&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3Dmatthew20%3A25-26%26version%3DCUVMPT%3BTR1550&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CommentaryMatthew-37"><a href="#cite_ref-CommentaryMatthew_37-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Spence, H.D.M. (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610061614/https://books.google.com/books?id=4c4UAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA296">The Pulpit Commentary: St. Matthew (Vol. 2)</a>. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. Ltd. 1894: 296 [2022-05-27]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4c4UAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA296">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=Spence%2C+H.D.M.&rft.btitle=The+Pulpit+Commentary%3A+St.+Matthew+%28Vol.+2%29&rft.date=1894&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=296&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul%2C+Trench%2C+Tr%C3%BCbner+%26+Co.+Ltd.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4c4UAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA296&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ellwood, R.S.; Alles, G.D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610063608/https://books.google.com/books?id=1pGbdI4L0qsC&pg=PA359">The Encyclopedia of World Religions</a>. : 359 [2022-04-04]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1pGbdI4L0qsC&pg=PA359">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=Alles%2C+G.D.&rft.aufirst=R.S.&rft.aulast=Ellwood&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=359&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1pGbdI4L0qsC%26pg%3DPA359&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-MJWM-39"><a href="#cite_ref-MJWM_39-0">^</a> Mandryk, J., Wall, M., 《萬國代禱手冊》，頁383，「(U)naffiliated Christians 無連屬基督徒：指自稱是基督徒，卻不附屬於任何正規的教會或宗派的人」 </li> <li id="cite_note-RDWC2022-41"><a href="#cite_ref-RDWC2022_41-0">^</a> Anckar, Carsten (2022), Religion and Democracy: A Worldwide Comparison, p103, "Wide definition of Protestantism...includes Protestants, Marginal Christians, Anglicans, Christian Independents, and unaffiliated Christians" </li> <li id="cite_note-TheFuture-42"><a href="#cite_ref-TheFuture_42-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Johnstone, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AVzFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA115">The Future of the Global Church: History，Trends and Possibilities</a>. : 115 [2020-05-11]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323182159/https://books.google.com/books?id=AVzFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA115">存档</a>于2021-03-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.aulast=Johnstone&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+the+Global+Church%3A+History%EF%BC%8CTrends+and+Possibilities&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=115&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAVzFAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA115&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-pew2011-43"><a href="#cite_ref-pew2011_43-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-traditions/">Christian Traditions</a>. Pew Research Center. 2011 [2016-08-05]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170720010855/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-traditions/">存档</a>于2017-07-20）. <q>Independent Christians include denominations in sub-Saharan Africa that identify as independent from historically Protestant denominations, churches in China that are not affiliated with official religious associations and nondenominational churches in the United States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=Christian+Traditions&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2011%2F12%2F19%2Fglobal-christianity-traditions%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-gordonconwell.edu-44"><a href="#cite_ref-gordonconwell.edu_44-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gordonconwell.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/01/Status-of-Global-Christianity-2024.pdf">Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050</a> (PDF). Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. [23 May 2024]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406231727/https://www.gordonconwell.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/01/Status-of-Global-Christianity-2024.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2024-04-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=Status+of+Global+Christianity%2C+2024%2C+in+the+Context+of+1900%E2%80%932050&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Center+for+the+Study+of+Global+Christianity%2C+Gordon-Conwell+Theological+Seminary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gordonconwell.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F13%2F2024%2F01%2FStatus-of-Global-Christianity-2024.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-IOsborn-45"><a href="#cite_ref-IOsborn_45-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Osborn, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canchristianityc0000osbo">Can Christianity Cure Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? A Psychiatrist Explores the Role of Faith in Treatment</a>. 2008: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canchristianityc0000osbo/page/46">46</a>. <q>Almost a billion Protestants in the present day owe their religious identity to Luther's insights.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.aulast=Osborn&rft.btitle=Can+Christianity+Cure+Obsessive-Compulsive+Disorder%3F+A+Psychiatrist+Explores+the+Role+of+Faith+in+Treatment&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=46&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanchristianityc0000osbo&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Pack, David C. Saturday Or Sunday: Which Is the Sabbath?. 2009: 8. <q>About 1 billion Protestants also observe Sunday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft.aulast=Pack&rft.btitle=Saturday+Or+Sunday%3A+Which+Is+the+Sabbath%3F&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Simon, E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2017/10/31/were-all-protestants-now/">We're all Protestants now</a>. Washington Post. [2020-05-03]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323181319/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2017/10/31/were-all-protestants-now/">存档</a>于2021-03-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.btitle=We%27re+all+Protestants+now&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmade-by-history%2Fwp%2F2017%2F10%2F31%2Fwere-all-protestants-now%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-HJH-48"><a href="#cite_ref-HJH_48-0">^</a> Hillerbrand, Hans J., Enclyclopedia of Protestantism, 頁340 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> William, Theodore Alois, The History of the Council of Trent, 頁44 </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Bungener, Félix, History of the Council of Trent, 頁12 </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> 施植明，《閱讀巴黎: 建築群象與歷史印記》，頁99 </li> <li id="cite_note-cap-53"><a href="#cite_ref-cap_53-0">^</a> 周永健，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bible-magazine.net/tc/download/33/33-10.htm">《聖經難題：基督教為何有眾多的宗派？》</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210323181320/http://www.bible-magazine.net/tc/download/33/33-10.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）《聖經報‧文摘》 </li> <li id="cite_note-NewDictionary545-54"><a href="#cite_ref-NewDictionary545_54-0">^</a> Richardson, A., Bowde, J. [ed.], A New Dictionary of Christian Theology, p545 </li> <li id="cite_note-CathEncyclopedia-55"><a href="#cite_ref-CathEncyclopedia_55-0">^</a> Löffler, Klemens, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09162a.htm">Pope Leo X</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171214030702/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09162a.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, in The Catholic Encyclopedia (天主教百科全書), New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910, "The immediate cause was bound up with the odious greed for money displayed by the Roman Curia, and shows how far short all efforts at reform had hitherto fallen...(The pope) gave himself up unrestrainedly to his pleasures and failed to grasp fully the duties of his high office." </li> <li id="cite_note-TWUSOC-56"><a href="#cite_ref-TWUSOC_56-0">^</a> 《社會學刊》，16-17期，國立臺灣大學法學院社會學系，1984，頁19，「西方的教皇制一直維持到了中世紀，由於教皇職權已到了獨攬全權的地步，教會內也有種種惡例如贖罪券、什一捐、行各種儀式均要收錢，各地諸侯也要求脫離教皇、政治獨立自由，於是各種改革著作四起，不外呼籲：一）教會需要作全體改革，二）聖經乃基督教知識唯一根源和準則。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <cite class="citation book">戴浩輝 (编). 信義宗教會信徒手冊. 香港: 道聲出版社. 1-3-2017: 61. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789623803830" title="Special:网络书源/9789623803830">ISBN 9789623803830</a> （中文）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E6%88%B4%E6%B5%A9%E8%BC%9D&rft.btitle=%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789623803830&rft.pages=61&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E9%81%93%E8%81%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Hillerbrand, Hans J., The Encyclopedia of Protestantism, p1002, "As early as 1515, while lecturing on Romans, Luther came to see that the individual, because of sinfulness, could not initiate this process of justification. Furthermore—again under the influence of Augustine—Luther concluded that the whole idea of facere quod in se est was in reality a Pelagian heresy. By rejecting the notion that the individual has the inherent ability to initiate the process of justification, Luther moved inexorably to challenge the soteriological framework of the via modema." </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Schwarz, Hans, True Faith in the True God, 頁7-19 </li> <li id="cite_note-indulgence-60"><a href="#cite_ref-indulgence_60-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181019003145/https://wels.net/faq/indulgence-sales-in-the-middle-ages/">Indulgence sales in the Middle Ages</a>. Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod. [3 May 2022]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/faq/indulgence-sales-in-the-middle-ages/">原始内容</a>存档于2018-10-19） （英语）. <q>Roman Catholic sources...acknowledge Leo X’s involvement in the abuse of indulgence sales. One such source is The Catholic Encyclopedia. It has the designations of nihil obstat and imprimatur, indicating that the Roman Catholic Church has reviewed the contents and declared the work to be free from doctrinal or moral errors.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=Indulgence+sales+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Wisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Ffaq%2Findulgence-sales-in-the-middle-ages%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610063707/https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/new-testament/galatians/">What About Jesus? Book by Book: Galatians</a>. Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod. [3 May 2022]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/new-testament/galatians/">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-10） （英语）. <q>Galatians greatly affected Martin Luther 1,500 years later. Luther called Galatians “my own little epistle” and said that he was “married” to this epistle. Galatians gave Luther the strength to fight against the legalism of the Church of Rome and to hold high the Gospel of pure grace in Christ.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=What+About+Jesus%3F+Book+by+Book%3A+Galatians&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Wisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhataboutjesus.com%2Fstudy-bible%2Fbook-by-book%2Fnew-testament%2Fgalatians%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite class="citation book">戴浩輝 (编). 信義宗教會信徒手冊. 香港: 道聲出版社. 1-3-2017: 62. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789623803830" title="Special:网络书源/9789623803830">ISBN 9789623803830</a> （中文）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E6%88%B4%E6%B5%A9%E8%BC%9D&rft.btitle=%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789623803830&rft.pages=62&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E9%81%93%E8%81%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Smith, W.F. (2010), Catholic Church Milestones: People and Events That Shaped the Institutional Church, p56 </li> <li id="cite_note-twb7-64"><a href="#cite_ref-twb7_64-0">^</a> 《我們所信》，威斯康辛州路德會，亞洲路德宗神學院中文譯本，頁7，「我們相信神人耶穌基督是父上帝差來，為要把人類從罪惡與懲罰中買回來。耶穌來是要成全律法（馬太福音 5:17），在祂完全順從這基礎上，所有人得以被稱為聖潔（羅馬書5:18,19）。祂來是要承擔「我們眾人的罪孽」（以賽亞書53:6），祂在十字架上把自己獻上作贖罪的祭，成為眾人的贖價（馬太福音20:28）。我們相信祂是上帝選定作眾人的代替者。父上帝接納祂的義，就是祂完全的順服，成為我們的義；祂因我們的罪的緣故而死，替代我們在罪中死亡（哥林多後書 5:21）。我們相信祂的復活，完全肯定了上帝已接納祂為眾人的罪所付出代價的確據（羅馬書4:25）。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Melton, J.G., Encyclopedia of Protestantism, pp39-40 </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> McGrath, A.E., Marks, D.C. (ed), The Blackwell Companion to Protestantism, p211 </li> <li id="cite_note-SALEM3-67"><a href="#cite_ref-SALEM3_67-0">^</a> 南亞路德會，《信仰立場》，頁3：「祂顯明自己是三位一體的神，擁有三個位格。『所以，你們要去，使萬民作我的門徒，奉父、子、聖靈的名給他們施洗。』(太28:19)」 </li> <li id="cite_note-SALEM11-68"><a href="#cite_ref-SALEM11_68-0">^</a> 南亞路德會，《信仰立場》，頁11：「我們相信聖經是上帝給所有人的文字啟示。祂在聖經中揭示兩個信息，就是律法和福音。律法宣告什麼是對、什麼是錯，律法警告上帝因為罪要施行懲罰。『所以凡有血氣的，沒有一個因行律法能在上帝面前稱義，因為律法本是叫人知罪。』(羅3:20)福音彰顯上帝的愛；是耶穌把人從罪惡中拯救出來的救恩。『惟有基督在我們還作罪人的時候為我們死，上帝的愛就在此向我們顯明了。』(羅5:8)」 </li> <li id="cite_note-SALEM18-69"><a href="#cite_ref-SALEM18_69-0">^</a> 南亞路德會，《信仰立場》，頁18：「我們相信當亞當及夏娃不服從神的命令，屈服於撒旦引誘之後，他們便失去了原有聖潔的形象。『就如經上所記：沒有義人，連一個也沒有。沒有明白的，沒有尋求神的。』（羅3:10-11）所有的人都在罪中受孕、出生，心裡只有惡念，這就是人的原罪。『我是在罪孽裡生的，在我母親懷胎的時候就有了罪。』（詩51:5）」 </li> <li id="cite_note-SALEM68-70"><a href="#cite_ref-SALEM68_70-0">^</a> 南亞路德會，《信仰立場》，頁68：「我們相信耶穌再臨的時候，這現今的世界將會完結…全世界皆會聽到祂的聲音，所有已死的都要復活，就是說，他們的靈魂會與他們的身體再次聯合起來。『你們不要把這事看作希奇。時候要到，凡在墳墓裏的，都要聽見他的聲音，就出來：行善的，復活得生；作惡的，復活定罪。』（約翰福音5:28,29）與那是活著的，那些復活的將要到這審判的寶座前。所有不信的人會被定罪到永恆的陰間。那些借信心得到基督寶血潔淨的人，將會得榮耀並與耶穌在天上得享神的福樂。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-twbp16-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-twbp16_71-0">69.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-twbp16_71-1">69.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-twbp16_71-2">69.2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090926222403/http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=783&contentID=92109&shortcutID=30682">《我們所信》</a>，亞洲路德宗神學院翻譯事務社，頁16 </li> <li id="cite_note-SALEM12-13-72"><a href="#cite_ref-SALEM12-13_72-0">^</a> 南亞路德會，《信仰立場》，頁12-13：「我們相信聖經所說的是整體一致，真實及沒有謬誤的，且是教會最高的權威及指導。『經上的話是不能廢的。』(約10:35 下)。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Lossky, Vladimir, Tradition and Traditions, in Eastern Orthodox Theology: A Contemporary Reader (Daniel B. Clendenin, ed.), Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1995, p128, "An advance is made toward a purer notion of tradition if this term is used to designate solely the oral transmission of faith. The separation between tradition and Scripture still subsists, but instead of isolating two sources of revelation, one opposes two modes of transmitting it: oral preaching and writing. It is then necessary to put in one category the preaching of the apostles and of the successors, as well as all preaching of faith performed by a living teaching authority, and in another category the Holy Scripture and all other written expressions of the revealed truth (these latter differing in the degree of authority recognized by the church). This approach affirms the primacy of tradition over Scripture, since the oral transmission of the apostles' preaching preceded its recording in written form in the canon of the New Testament. It might even be said that the church could dispense with the Scriptures, but she could not exist without tradition", quoted in WELS Topical Q&A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090927083827/http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=18&cuItem_itemID=6616">Russian Orthodox Church</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> 《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E7%90%86" title="天主教教理">天主教教理</a>》（1992）第82條：「兩者都該以同等的熱忱和敬意去接受和尊重（Both Scripture and Tradition must be accepted and honored with equal sentiments of devotion and reverence.）」 </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> WELS Topical Q&A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090927213538/https://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=19&cuItem_itemID=8228">Response to Apostolic Tradition</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOCEpitome-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOCEpitome_76-0">74.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOCEpitome_76-1">74.1</a> 《協同式·摘要》（1577），頁434，第五條：律法與福音，「嚴格來說，『律法』是神聖道理，教導人甚麼是對的，是上帝所喜悅的，譴責一切邪惡而反對上帝旨意的事。因此，一切定罪的事是屬於『律法』的宣講。可是，嚴格來說，『福音』是一種教訓未遵守律法而被定罪的人應當相信的道理，即基督已經補贖、償還人的一切罪債，不靠人的功勞而替人贏得罪的赦免、『上帝的義』（羅1：17；林後5：21）與永生。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-1689Baptist-77"><a href="#cite_ref-1689Baptist_77-0">^</a> Baptist Confession of Faith（1689）, Chapters 19-20, "The same law that was first written in the heart of man continued to be a perfect rule of righteousness after the fall, and was delivered by God upon Mount Sinai, in ten commandments, and written in two tables, the four first containing our duty towards God, and the other six, our duty to man....The covenant of works being broken by sin, and made unprofitable unto life, God was pleased to give forth the promise of Christ, the seed of the woman, as the means of calling the elect, and begetting in them faith and repentance; in this promise the gospel, as to the substance of it, was revealed...This promise of Christ, and salvation by him, is revealed only by the Word of God" </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Westminster Confession of Faith (1647), Chapter VII., Articles 5-6 </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Dayton, D.W., Law and Gospel in the Wesleyan Tradition, in Grace Theological Journal (Vol 12.2), 1991, pp233, 235 </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> 《約翰一書》三章4節，「凡犯罪的，就是違背律法，違背律法就是罪。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-TWBP2-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TWBP2_82-0">79.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TWBP2_82-1">79.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TWBP2_82-2">79.2</a> 《我們所信》（2007），頁2，「我們相信聖經是上帝給所有人的文字啟示。祂在聖經中揭示兩個信息，就是『律法』和『福音』。『律法』宣告什麼是對、什麼是錯，『律法』警告上帝因為罪要施行懲罰。『福音』彰顯上帝的愛；是耶穌把人從罪惡中拯救出來的救恩，表明了這愛。我們相信整本聖經是以基督為中心。在舊約中，神屢次應許一位把人從罪惡死亡及陰間拯救出來的神聖的救贖者。新約中宣告這位應許的救贖者道成肉身，成為拿撒勒耶穌。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <cite class="citation book">薛思捷. 《聖經要道》. 香港: 聖臨出版社. 2017: 26-27. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789887828204" title="Special:网络书源/9789887828204">ISBN 9789887828204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E8%96%9B%E6%80%9D%E6%8D%B7&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E8%A6%81%E9%81%93%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789887828204&rft.pages=26-27&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E8%81%96%E8%87%A8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> WELS - What About Jesus? 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<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/isaiah/">Book by Book: Isaiah</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220610071820/https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/isaiah/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> WELS - What About Jesus? <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/jeremiah/">Book by Book: Jeremiah</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220610071823/https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/jeremiah/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> WELS - What About Jesus? 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<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/jonah/">Book by Book: Jonah</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220610070213/https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/jonah/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> WELS - What About Jesus? <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/micah/">Book by Book: Micah</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220610063809/https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/micah/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> WELS - What About Jesus? <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/zephaniah/">Book by Book: Zephaniah</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220610062008/https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/zephaniah/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> WELS - What About Jesus? <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/haggai/">Book by Book: Haggai</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220610062010/https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/haggai/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> WELS - What About Jesus? <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/zechariah/">Book by Book: Zechariah</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220610062014/https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/zechariah/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> WELS - What About Jesus? <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/malachi/">Book by Book: Malachi</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220610063814/https://whataboutjesus.com/study-bible/book-by-book/old-testament/malachi/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </li> <li id="cite_note-FOCSD-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOCSD_100-0">^</a> The Formula of Concord: Solid Declaration（1577）, V. Law and Gospel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bookofconcord.org/solid-declaration/law-and-gospel/">par. 20</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220502161648/https://bookofconcord.org/solid-declaration/law-and-gospel/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）,"[T]he Gospel is properly a doctrine which teaches what man should believe, that he may obtain forgiveness of sins with God, namely, that the Son of God, our Lord Christ, has taken upon Himself and borne the curse of the Law, has expiated and paid for all our sins, through whom alone we again enter into favor with God, obtain forgiveness of sins by faith, are delivered from death and all the punishments of sins, and eternally saved. For everything that comforts, that offers the favor and grace of God to transgressors of the Law, is, and is properly called, the Gospel, a good and joyful message that God will not punish sins, but forgive them for Christ's sake." </li> <li id="cite_note-KellerGreek-101"><a href="#cite_ref-KellerGreek_101-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Keller, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516004727/http://essays.wisluthsem.org:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/2460/JUSTIFICATION.2013.Keller%20final%20PDF.pdf">Believe it or not: You are forgiven through Christ!</a> (PDF). 2013 [2022-05-06]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://essays.wisluthsem.org:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/2460/JUSTIFICATION.2013.Keller%20final%20PDF.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2022-05-16） （英语）. <q>The Greek verb for 'justified' means that a judge declares people 'not guilty' of all charges. They are in a constant state of being declared not guilty，'freely by his grace.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=Keller%2C+Brian&rft.btitle=Believe+it+or+not%3A+You+are+forgiven+through+Christ%21&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fessays.wisluthsem.org%3A8080%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F2460%2FJUSTIFICATION.2013.Keller%2520final%2520PDF.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Strong1344-102"><a href="#cite_ref-Strong1344_102-0">^</a> Strong's Greek: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/greek/1344.htm">1344. δικαιόω</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160727011722/http://biblehub.com/greek/1344.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kling, David W. The Bible in History: How the Texts Have Shaped the Times. : 120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft.aulast=Kling&rft.btitle=The+Bible+in+History%3A+How+the+Texts+Have+Shaped+the+Times&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=120&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-AS44-104"><a href="#cite_ref-AS44_104-0">^</a> 薛思捷，《聖經要道》，頁44：「耶穌到世上來，是要為世人付出罪的贖價，使人脫離律法的咒詛…耶穌順服天父的一切行動，都是以全人類替身的身份做的。為此，耶穌的工作被稱為替代性的，因為他做了世人的替身。正如因亞當一人犯罪使全人類受害一樣，因耶穌一人的順服也使全人類蒙福。聖保羅這樣記著說：因一人的悖逆，眾人成為罪人；照樣因一人的順服眾人也成為義了。』」 </li> <li id="cite_note-2co-jn-rm-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2co-jn-rm_105-0">101.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2co-jn-rm_105-1">101.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2co5:18ff;jn1:29;rm1:17&version=CUVMPT;TR1550">《哥林多後書》5:18-21;《約翰福音》1:29;《羅馬書》1:17</a>. [2016-08-16]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201105165858/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2co5:18ff;jn1:29;rm1:17&version=CUVMPT;TR1550">存档</a>于2020-11-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%93%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%8C%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B5%3A18-21%3B%E3%80%8A%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E3%80%8B1%3A29%3B%E3%80%8A%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B1%3A17&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3D2co5%3A18ff%3Bjn1%3A29%3Brm1%3A17%26version%3DCUVMPT%3BTR1550&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-KellerFaith-106"><a href="#cite_ref-KellerFaith_106-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Keller, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://essays.wisluthsem.org:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/2460/JUSTIFICATION.2013.Keller%20final%20PDF.pdf">Believe it or not: You are forgiven through Christ!</a> (PDF). 2013 [2023-08-30]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516004727/http://essays.wisluthsem.org:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/2460/JUSTIFICATION.2013.Keller%20final%20PDF.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2022-05-16） （英语）. <q>When the Holy Spirit works faith in an individual’s heart, that person is a believer who receives the forgiveness of sins and also receives the benefits and blessings Jesus won for all on the cross. Only believers receive eternal life.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=Keller%2C+Brian&rft.btitle=Believe+it+or+not%3A+You+are+forgiven+through+Christ%21&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fessays.wisluthsem.org%3A8080%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F2460%2FJUSTIFICATION.2013.Keller%2520final%2520PDF.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Heb10-18-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heb10-18_107-0">103.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heb10-18_107-1">103.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610080515/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=heb10%3A18&version=CUVMPT%3BTR1550">《希伯來書》十章18節</a>. [4/5/2022]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=heb10:18&version=CUVMPT;TR1550">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-10）. <q>這些罪過既已赦免，就不用再為罪獻祭了。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E5%8D%81%E7%AB%A018%E7%AF%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3Dheb10%3A18%26version%3DCUVMPT%3BTR1550&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610062113/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=titus3%3A5&version=CUVMPT%3BTR1550">《提多書》3:5</a>. [2022-05-06]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=titus3:5&version=CUVMPT;TR1550">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-10）. <q>他便救了我們，並不是因我們自己所行的義，乃是照他的憐憫"</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%8F%90%E5%A4%9A%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B3%3A5&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3Dtitus3%3A5%26version%3DCUVMPT%3BTR1550&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CStavropoulos-109"><a href="#cite_ref-CStavropoulos_109-0">^</a> Stavropoulos, Christophoros, Partakers of the Divine Nature, in Eastern Orthodox Theology: A Contemporary Reader, 頁188, "The work of our theosis, our union with God, is not transmitted to us in some mechanical fashion. Our weakened human nature will not be transformed magically. The change will happen in conjunction with our own efforts. It will be realized with the cooperation of man and God. This subjective aspect of our union provides the way of theosis which we must follow." </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> WELS Topical Q&A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/faq/the-greek-orthodox-church/">The Greek Orthodox Church</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220610070225/https://wels.net/faq/the-greek-orthodox-church/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, "Greek Orthodox Church teaching regarding salvation is a mixture of faith and morality." </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> 《天主教教理》（1992） 第2068條：「眾人因信德、聖洗及遵守誡命而得救」（all men may attain salvation through faith, Baptism and the observance of the Commandments.）」； 第2010條：「在聖神和愛德的推動之下，我們才能為我們自己並為他人賺得為成聖、為增加恩寵和愛德，一如為得到永生有用的恩寵。」（Moved by the Holy Spirit and by charity, we can then merit for ourselves and for others the graces needed for our sanctification, for the increase of grace and charity, and for the attainment of eternal life.）」； 第2027條：「我們能為自己和為別人賺得一切有用的恩寵，為到達永生，和得到必須的世物。」（we can merit for ourselves and for others all the graces needed to attain eternal life, as well as necessary temporal goods.）」； 第2036條：「訓導的權威也伸展到自然律的特殊規範，因為造物主要求遵守的這些規範，為得救是必要的。」（The authority of the Magisterium extends also to the specific precepts of the natural law, because their observance, demanded by the Creator, is necessary for salvation.） </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=gal3:2-3&version=CUVMPT;TR1550">《加拉太書》三章2-3節</a>. [2016-08-06]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311215252/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=gal3%3A2-3&version=CUVMPT&TR1550=">存档</a>于2021-03-11）. <q>我只要問你們這一件：你們受了聖靈，是因行律法呢，是因聽信福音呢？你們既靠聖靈入門，如今還靠肉身成全嗎？你們是這樣的無知嗎？</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AA%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%89%E7%AB%A02-3%E7%AF%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3Dgal3%3A2-3%26version%3DCUVMPT%3BTR1550&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> WELS Topical Q&A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090927212950/https://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=19&cuItem_itemID=17711">Salvation By Works Questioned</a>, "The Catechism of the Catholic Church is clear in stating that we merit salvation in part by our works. Read paragraphs 1987 through 2029, note especially 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010, 2019, 2027." </li> <li id="cite_note-AS53-117"><a href="#cite_ref-AS53_117-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">薛思捷. 《聖經要道》. : 53. <q>聖經說過上帝在基督裏面叫世人與自己和好。是否就是說全人類都要得救呢？斷乎不是！耶穌說：『信而受洗的必然得救，不信的必被定罪。』（可十六：十六）人要藉着信心，才可領受到普世救贖的益處。人若不信，就失去享受普世救贖的福份了。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E8%96%9B%E6%80%9D%E6%8D%B7&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E8%A6%81%E9%81%93%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=53&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1co12:3&version=CUVMPT;TR1550">《哥林多前書》12:3</a>. [2016-08-04]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104161233/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1co12:3&version=CUVMPT;TR1550">存档</a>于2020-11-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%93%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%A4%9A%E5%89%8D%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B12%3A3&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3D1co12%3A3%26version%3DCUVMPT%3BTR1550&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2tim2:25&version=CUVMPT;TR1550">《提摩太後書》2:25</a>. [2016-08-04]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201105165857/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2tim2:25&version=CUVMPT;TR1550">存档</a>于2020-11-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%8F%90%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%AA%E5%BE%8C%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B2%3A25&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3D2tim2%3A25%26version%3DCUVMPT%3BTR1550&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-AS51-120"><a href="#cite_ref-AS51_120-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">薛思捷. 《聖經要道》. 香港: 聖臨出版社. 2017: 51. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789887828204" title="Special:网络书源/9789887828204">ISBN 9789887828204</a>. <q>憑著信心所接受的，是上帝的恩典，信心與恩典同樣都是和行為對立的。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E8%96%9B%E6%80%9D%E6%8D%B7&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E8%A6%81%E9%81%93%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789887828204&rft.pages=51&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E8%81%96%E8%87%A8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+8%3A20&version=CUVMPT;WLC">《以賽亞書》8:20</a>. [2016-08-06]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126190123/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+8:20&version=CUVMPT;WLC">存档</a>于2020-11-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%BB%A5%E8%B3%BD%E4%BA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B8%3A20&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DIsaiah%2B8%253A20%26version%3DCUVMPT%3BWLC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-AS94-122"><a href="#cite_ref-AS94_122-0">^</a> 薛思捷，《聖經要道》，頁94，「耶穌對門徒所吩咐的說話，實在是向所有基督徒說的。彼得寫得很清楚：『惟有你們是被揀選的族類，是有君尊的祭司…』（彼前二：九）彼得這些話是對那些人說的呢？他們就是『分散在本都、加拉太等地』，『蒙耶穌基督寶血所灑，』得以成聖的人。（彼前書一：一至二）也就是彼得在彼前二：五所指的人。他說：『你們也就像活石，被建造成為靈宮，作聖潔的祭司…』這裏所指的是所有的基督徒。他們組成了聖潔和君尊的祭司職。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Eph2:17-18&version=CUVMPT;TR1550">《以弗所書》2:17-18</a>. [2016-08-04]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311215315/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Eph2%3A17-18&version=CUVMPT&TR1550=">存档</a>于2021-03-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%BB%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%89%80%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B2%3A17-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DEph2%3A17-18%26version%3DCUVMPT%3BTR1550&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mt28%3A19-20%3B10%3A32&version=CUVMPT;TR1550">《馬太福音》28:19-20；馬太福音10:32</a>. [2016-08-04]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311215315/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mt28%3A19-20%3B10%3A32&version=CUVMPT&TR1550=">存档</a>于2021-03-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%AA%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E3%80%8B28%3A19-20%EF%BC%9B%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%AA%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B310%3A32&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DMt28%253A19-20%253B10%253A32%26version%3DCUVMPT%3BTR1550&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-AS107-125"><a href="#cite_ref-AS107_125-0">^</a> 薛思捷，《聖經要道》，頁107 </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> 《提摩太後書》四章1節 </li> <li id="cite_note-AS108-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AS108_127-0">120.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AS108_127-1">120.1</a> 薛思捷，《聖經要道》，頁108 </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Eppehimer, Trevor, Protestantism, New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2007, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6G4HJzOrNcMC&pg=PA64">p64</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220610062304/https://books.google.com/books?id=6G4HJzOrNcMC&pg=PA64">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）" </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/faq/celebrating-lent/">WELS Topical Q&A: Celebrating Lent</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220610062309/https://wels.net/faq/celebrating-lent/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, "In Old Testament times God spelled out the weekly day of worship (Saturday, the Sabbath) and the three major annual festivals (Passover, Pentecost, Tabernacles).  As New Testament Christians we are free from the ceremonial laws that commanded observance of those days and festivals (Galatians 4:9-11; Colossians 2:16-17)." </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> 林鴻信，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KgnbBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA665">《基督宗教思想史》（下）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210323181518/https://books.google.com/books?id=KgnbBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA665">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），頁665 </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxf-131"><a href="#cite_ref-Oxf_131-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">The Concise Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Oxford+Dictionary&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operationworld.org/glossary">Operation World</a>, [2020-05-18], （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200118153156/http://operationworld.org/glossary">存档</a>于2020-01-18）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=Operation+World&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.operationworld.org%2Fglossary&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Christianity_report-133"><a href="#cite_ref-Christianity_report_133-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131101114257/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf">Christianity report</a> (PDF). [2 May 2014]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于1 November 2013）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=Christianity+report&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2Ffiles%2F2011%2F12%2FChristianity-fullreport-web.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-How_Many_Evangelicals_Are_There-134"><a href="#cite_ref-How_Many_Evangelicals_Are_There_134-0">^</a> <cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160130062242/http://www.wheaton.edu/ISAE/Defining-Evangelicalism/How-Many-Are-There">How Many Evangelicals Are There?</a>, Wheaton College: Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wheaton.edu/ISAE/Defining-Evangelicalism/How-Many-Are-There/">原始内容</a>存档于30 January 2016）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=How+Many+Evangelicals+Are+There%3F&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Wheaton+College&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+American+Evangelicals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wheaton.edu%2FISAE%2FDefining-Evangelicalism%2FHow-Many-Are-There%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Winkler, Heinrich A. (2012), Geschichte des Westens. Von den Anfängen in der Antike bis zum 20. Jahrhundert, Third, Revised Edition, Munich (Germany), p. 233 </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Clifton E. Olmstead (1960), History of Religion in the United States, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., pp. 69–80, 88–89, 114–117, 186–188 </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> M. Schmidt, Kongregationalismus, in Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 3. Auflage, Band III (1959), Tübingen (Germany), col. 1770 </li> <li id="cite_note-twbp18-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-twbp18_138-0">131.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-twbp18_138-1">131.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-twbp18_138-2">131.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-twbp18_138-3">131.3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090926222403/http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=783&contentID=92109&shortcutID=30682">《我們所信》</a>，亞洲路德宗神學院翻譯事務社，頁18 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀">延伸閱讀</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Cook，Martin L. (1991). The Open Circle: Confessional Method in Theology. Minneapolis，Minn.: Fortress Press. xiv，130 p. N.B.: Discusses the place of Confessions of Faith in Protestant theology，especially in Lutheranism. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780800624828" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8006-2482-8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dillenberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Dillenberger（页面不存在）">Dillenberger，John</a>，and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Welch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Welch（页面不存在）">Claude Welch</a> (1988). Protestant Christianity，Interpreted through Its Development. Second ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780023296017" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-02-329601-7</a></li> <li>Giussani，Luigi (1969)，trans. Damian Bacich (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/American-Protestant-Theology-Historical-Sketch/dp/0773541977">American Protestant Theology: A Historical Sketch</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210323181530/http://www.amazon.com/American-Protestant-Theology-Historical-Sketch/dp/0773541977">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. Montreal: McGill-Queens UP.</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alister_McGrath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alister McGrath（页面不存在）">McGrath, Alister E.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christianitysdan00mcgr_0">Christianity's Dangerous Idea</a>. New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=HarperOne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HarperOne（页面不存在）">HarperOne</a>. 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Alister+E.&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.btitle=Christianity%27s+Dangerous+Idea&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperOne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristianitysdan00mcgr_0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li>Nash，Arnold S.，ed. (1951). Protestant Thought in the Twentieth Century: Whence & Whither? New York: Macmillan Co.</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Noll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Noll（页面不存在）">Noll, Mark A.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/protestantismver0000noll">Protestantism: A Very Short Introduction</a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Mark+A.&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.btitle=Protestantism%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprotestantismver0000noll&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Olson, Roger E. 《統一與多元的基督教信仰》. 基道. 2006年. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789624573077" title="Special:网络书源/9789624573077">ISBN 9789624573077</a> （中文（繁體））.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.au=Olson%2C+Roger+E.&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E8%88%87%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789624573077&rft.pub=%E5%9F%BA%E9%81%93&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Thomas, Gary （等）. 《簡明基督教史——公元30至70年》. 橄欖. 2009年. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789575565787" title="Special:网络书源/9789575565787">ISBN 9789575565787</a> （中文（繁體））.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%B0%A1%E6%98%8E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%85%AC%E5%85%8330%E8%87%B370%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789575565787&rft.pub=%E6%A9%84%E6%AC%96&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:新教">新教</a>」「<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Protestant" class="extiw" title="wikt:Protestant">Protestant</a>」「<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Protestantism" class="extiw" title="wikt:Protestantism">Protestantism</a>」或「<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/evangelical" class="extiw" title="wikt:evangelical">evangelical</a>」。</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Protestantism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Protestantism">新教</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090926222403/http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=783&contentID=92109&shortcutID=30682">《我們所信》</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oikoumene.org/">世界基督教協進會</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201213183542/http://www.oikoumene.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） （英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/protestant-denominations/protestantism">新教</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220610062420/https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/protestant-denominations/protestantism">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (<a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia.com" title="Encyclopedia.com">Encyclopedia.com</a>條目) （英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Protestantism">新教</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220612153813/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Protestantism">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="大英百科全书">大英百科全書</a>》條目） （英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12495a.htm">新教</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20081112222642/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12495a.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="天主教百科全書">天主教百科全書</a>》條目） （英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/index.htm">《2008年美國政府國際宗教自由報告》</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210323181513/http://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/index.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） （英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib-nt2.hkbu.edu.hk/sca_fb/org/a01.html">Denominational Periodicals in Hong Kong 香港教會期刊保存計劃</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180705093220/http://lib-nt2.hkbu.edu.hk/sca_fb/org/a01.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）香港浸會大學圖書館華人基督宗教文獻保存計劃</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="基督教系列条目" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Template:基督教页脚"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Template talk:基督教页脚"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:基督教页脚"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="基督教系列条目" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>系列条目</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣基督</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" title="基督">基督（概念）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="基督教中的耶稣">基督（教义）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F" title="耶稣诞生">诞生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8F%97%E9%9B%A3" title="耶穌受難">受难</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB" title="耶稣复活">复活</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9" title="耶穌升天">升天</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Christian_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/100px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/150px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/200px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基础</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="基督教會">教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%B6%93" title="信經">信經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%A6" title="四福音书">四福音书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%AA%A1" title="十誡">十誡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%B8" title="正典">正典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="旧约圣经">旧约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新约</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教神學">神学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">神（天主、上帝）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94" title="三位一體">三位一體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%88%B6" title="聖父">聖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%AD%90" title="聖子">聖子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88" title="聖靈">聖靈</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%BE%A8%E6%83%91%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教辨惑學">护教学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="洗禮">洗禮</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E5%85%92%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="幼兒洗禮">婴儿</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AE%BA" title="基督论">基督论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="教会学">教会学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="大公教會">大公教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神学史（页面不存在）">神学史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" class="extiw" title="en:History of Christian theology">History of Christian theology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="基督教传教活动">传教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%96%E7%BD%AA" title="贖罪">救赎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教历史">历史</a>与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教会传统（页面不存在）">教会传统</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_tradition" class="extiw" title="en:Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E_(%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA)" title="馬利亞 (耶穌的母親)">圣母玛利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%8B%A5%E7%91%9F" title="聖若瑟">聖若瑟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="使徒 (基督教)">十二使徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="保罗 (使徒)">圣保罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2)" title="教父 (基督教歷史)">教父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E7%B5%B1%E7%B7%92" title="使徒統緒">使徒統緒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5" title="教會四特徵">教會四特徵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A7%E9%A6%96%E5%8D%80" title="五大牧首區">五大牧首區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="早期基督教">早期教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="基督教传播年表">传播年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">希波的奥古斯丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">托马斯·阿奎那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%B5%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E8%80%80%E6%8B%89" title="依納爵·羅耀拉">依納爵·羅耀拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">馬丁·路德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%93%C2%B7%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="讓·喀爾文">讓·喀爾文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="俄罗斯正教会的教派分裂">俄罗斯正教会的教派分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%BA%E9%86%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="大覺醒運動">大覺醒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="普世教會合一運動">普世教會合一運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E7%99%BC%E8%AA%B2%E7%A8%8B" title="啟發課程">啟發課程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%B4%BE" title="卡特里派">卡特里派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)" title="亨利四世 (法兰西)">亨利四世</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%B3%BB" title="基督教派系">宗派與運動</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="基督教教派列表">列表</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="天主教">公教會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="天主教">罗马天主教會</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">東儀天主教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="獨立天主教會（页面不存在）">獨立天主教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Catholic_churches" class="extiw" title="en:Independent Catholic churches">Independent Catholic churches</a>）* <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="帕爾馬爾天主教教會">帕爾馬爾天主教會</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="舊天主教會">舊天主教會</a>*</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BA%87%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96%E5%8F%B8%E9%93%8E%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E4%BC%9A" title="圣庇护十世司铎兄弟会">圣庇护十世司铎兄弟会</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="中国天主教爱国会">中国天主教爱国会</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="東正教">東正教會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="希臘正教會">希臘正教會</a>（君士坦丁堡牧首区、亚历山大牧首区、安提阿牧首区、耶路撒冷牧首区）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯正教會">俄羅斯正教會</a>（莫斯科牧首区）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="喬治亞正教會">格鲁吉亚正教會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="塞爾維亞正教會">塞尔维亚正教會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="罗马尼亚正教会">罗马尼亚正教會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="保加利亞正教會">保加利亚正教會</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E4%BB%AA%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西仪东正教会（页面不存在）">西仪东正教会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" class="extiw" title="en:Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a>）*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA%E6%B4%BE" title="旧礼仪派">旧礼仪派</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方正統教會">東方正統教會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="亞歷山大科普特正教會">亞歷山大科普特正教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="敘利亞東方正統教會">敘利亞東方正統教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="亞美尼亞使徒教會">亞美尼亞使徒教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E6%80%A7%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="埃塞俄比亞正統合性教會">埃塞俄比亞正統台瓦西多教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%B0%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="厄立特里亚正统台瓦西多教会">厄利垂亞正統台瓦西多教會</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣多馬教會（页面不存在）">圣多馬教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" class="extiw" title="en:Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪蘭卡正統敘利亞教會（页面不存在）">瑪蘭卡正統敘利亞教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅各敘利亞基督教會（页面不存在）">雅各敘利亞基督教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪拉巴獨立敘利亞教會（页面不存在）">瑪拉巴獨立敘利亞教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Independent Syrian Church</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方教會">東方教會</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%95%99" title="景教">景教</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方亞述教會">東方亞述教會</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東方古代教會（页面不存在）">東方古代教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Church of the East">Ancient Church of the East</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">新教會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">信義宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="加爾文主義">加爾文主義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E5%AE%97" title="長老宗">長老宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E5%AE%97" title="公理宗">公理会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%97" title="聖公宗">聖公宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B5%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="重浸派">重浸宗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="門諾會">門諾會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E4%BB%80%E4%BA%BA" title="阿米什人">亚米胥派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E6%B4%BE" title="胡特尔派">胡特尔派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E7%A4%BC%E5%AE%97" title="浸礼宗">浸礼宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E9%81%93%E5%AE%97" title="循道宗">循道宗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="阿民念主義">阿民念主義</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="衛斯理主義">衛斯理主義</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%91%E4%B8%96%E8%BB%8D" title="救世軍">救世軍</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E6%92%92%E5%8B%92%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%83" title="拿撒勒人會">拿撒勒人會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%BD%94%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="聖潔運動">聖潔運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E7%AF%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="五旬節運動">五旬節運動</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%A9%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%83" title="基督復臨安息日會">基督復臨安息日會</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="真耶穌教會">真耶穌教會</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="普利茅斯弟兄会">普利茅斯弟兄会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="摩拉维亚弟兄会">摩拉维亚弟兄会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="貴格會">貴格會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%AE%A3%E9%81%93%E6%9C%83" title="基督教宣道會">宣道會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="地方教会">地方教会</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83" title="召會">召會</a>*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞述福音教會（页面不存在）">亞述福音教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_Evangelical_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Assyrian Evangelical Church">Assyrian Evangelical Church</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E7%AF%80%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞述五旬節教會（页面不存在）">亞述五旬節教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_Pentecostal_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Assyrian Pentecostal Church">Assyrian Pentecostal Church</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣多馬教會（页面不存在）">圣多馬教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" class="extiw" title="en:Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪多馬敘利亞教會（页面不存在）">瑪多馬敘利亞教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣多馬福音教會（页面不存在）">圣多馬福音教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church" class="extiw" title="en:St. Thomas Evangelical Church">St. Thomas Evangelical Church</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A2%E5%BE%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="恢復運動">恢復運動</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%82%B3%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="密傳基督教">密傳基督教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="馬丁主義">馬丁主義</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法國諾斯替教會（页面不存在）">法國諾斯替教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostic_Church_of_France" class="extiw" title="en:Gnostic Church of France">Gnostic Church of France</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E7%94%9F%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美生聖殿騎士團（页面不存在）">美生聖殿騎士團</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar_(Freemasonry)" class="extiw" title="en:Knights Templar (Freemasonry)">Knights Templar (Freemasonry)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%94%E8%96%87%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%9C%98%E5%A5%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薔薇十字團契（页面不存在）">薔薇十字團契</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosicrucian_Fellowship" class="extiw" title="en:Rosicrucian Fellowship">Rosicrucian Fellowship</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E6%B4%BE" title="非三位一體派">非三位一體派</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="新耶路撒冷教會">新耶路撒冷教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="瓦勒度派">瓦勒度派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E4%BC%AF%E6%B5%81%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="撒伯流主義">撒伯流主義</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="後期聖徒運動">後期聖徒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E6%9C%83" title="基督弟兄會">基督弟兄會</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="基督科學">基督科學教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%9A%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="弥赛亚犹太教">弥赛亚犹太教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9F%BA%E7%94%B8%E6%9C%83" title="國際基甸會">國際基甸會</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶稣主义（页面不存在）">耶稣主义</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuism" class="extiw" title="en:Jesuism">Jesuism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%E9%87%8C%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="拉斯塔法里运动">拉斯塔法里运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="美國原住民教會">美国原住民教会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="基督教藝術">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="基督教音乐">音乐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">礼仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%81%93" title="布道">布道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%B7%E5%91%8A" title="祷告">祈祷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="基督教神秘主義">神秘主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="諾斯底主義">诺斯底</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="基督教與其他宗教">基督教與其他宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%94%BF%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6" title="教政體制">教會行政</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%86" title="教會年曆">曆法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5" title="基督教象徵">象徵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84" title="对基督教的批评">批评</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">禮儀</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%A6%AE" title="亞歷山大禮">亞歷山大禮</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%A2%9D%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安條克禮（页面不存在）">安條克禮</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:Antiochene Rite">Antiochene Rite</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE" title="亞美尼亞禮">亞美尼亞禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E7%A4%BC" title="拜占庭礼">拜占庭礼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E8%89%B2%E4%B8%81%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加色丁禮（页面不存在）">加色丁禮</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Syrian_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:East Syrian Rite">East Syrian Rite</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%A6%AE%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="拉丁禮教會">拉丁禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%AB%8B%E7%94%98%E7%BF%92%E4%BE%8B" title="安立甘習例">安立甘習例</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%A6%AE" title="羅馬禮">羅馬禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%9A%E7%A6%AE" title="安博禮">安博禮</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩拉姆禮（页面不存在）">薩拉姆禮</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarum_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:Sarum Rite">Sarum Rite</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%A6%AE" title="摩爾阿拉伯禮">摩爾阿拉伯禮</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建築形式（页面不存在）">建築形式</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Church architecture">Church architecture</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1" title="巴西利卡">宗座聖殿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="主教座堂">主教座堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%9C%A3%E5%A0%82" title="小圣堂">小圣堂</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E8%80%85" title="圣职者">聖職人員</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="宗主教">牧首／宗主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="大總主教">大總主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="樞機">樞機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="總主教">總主教</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="都主教">（都主教）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="主教">主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8" title="祭司">神父（司铎）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%88" title="牧师">牧师</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B7%E4%BA%8B_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="執事 (基督教)">执事</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非聖職人員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%A3%AB" title="修士">修士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3" title="修女">修女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E7%A5%AD" title="輔祭">輔祭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92" title="平信徒">平信徒</a></li> <li>理事</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E8%80%81_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="长老 (基督教)">長老</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB" title="传教士">傳教士／宣教師／傳道師</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight: bold;"><div>注：標“*”的教會有時不被視作所屬宗派的一部分。 <a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/15px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/23px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/30px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教主題</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="宗教" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Template:宗教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:宗教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:宗教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="宗教" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="主要宗教及信仰" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="世界主要宗教">主要宗教及信仰</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E8%AB%B8%E6%95%99" title="亞伯拉罕諸教">亞伯拉罕諸教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教保守派">保守派</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%AF%BA%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海马诺特派（页面不存在）">海马诺特派</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymanot" class="extiw" title="en:Haymanot">Haymanot</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%B4%BE" title="犹太教卡拉派">卡拉派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教正統派">正统派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教改革派">改革派</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="西方基督教">西方基督教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="天主教">天主教</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">新教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="舊天主教會">旧天主教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="独立天主教会（页面不存在）">独立天主教会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Catholic_churches" class="extiw" title="en:Independent Catholic churches">Independent Catholic churches</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="東方基督教">東方基督教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="東正教">东正教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方正統教會">東方正統教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">東儀天主教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E6%B4%BE" title="非三位一體派">非三位一體派</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="後期聖徒運動">後期聖徒運動</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%96%80%E6%95%99" title="摩爾門教">摩爾門教</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶稣主义（页面不存在）">耶稣主义</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuism" class="extiw" title="en:Jesuism">Jesuism</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派">遜尼派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="伊巴德派">伊巴德派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="蘇非主義">苏菲派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%88%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9A" title="阿赫迈底亚">阿赫迈底亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%8D%A8%E5%8F%A4%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93" title="唯獨古蘭經">唯獨古蘭經</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E6%95%99" title="巴比教">巴比教</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E6%89%8E%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾扎勒（页面不存在）">艾扎勒巴比教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali" class="extiw" title="en:Azali">Azali</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="巴哈伊信仰">巴哈伊信仰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%E5%85%B9" title="德鲁兹">德鲁兹教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E9%81%94%E5%AE%89%E6%95%99" title="曼達安教">曼達安教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%E9%87%8C%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="拉斯塔法里运动">拉斯塔法里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%99" title="撒马利亚教">撒马利亚教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">印欧宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度宗教信仰（页面不存在）">印度</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_religions" class="extiw" title="en:Indian religions">Indian religions</a>）-<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="伊朗宗教">伊朗</a>宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">密宗</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="吠陀宗教">吠陀宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E6%B9%BF%E5%A5%B4%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="毗湿奴派">毗湿奴派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%85%8B%E6%8F%90%E6%B4%BE" title="沙克提派">沙克達教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%95%E5%A9%86%E6%95%99" title="濕婆教">湿婆派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%93%A6%E8%8A%9D" title="阿亞瓦芝">阿亞瓦芝</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%88%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="师摩多派（页面不存在）">师摩多派</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartism" class="extiw" title="en:Smartism">Smartism</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99" title="耆那教">耆那教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%A1%A3%E6%B4%BE" title="天衣派">天衣派</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%A3%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白衣派（页面不存在）">白衣派</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Av%C4%93t%C4%81mbara" class="extiw" title="en:Śvētāmbara">Śvētāmbara</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99" title="锡克教">锡克教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B9%E8%BF%AA" title="雅兹迪">雅兹迪教</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E4%BB%80%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以什克派（页面不存在）">以什克派</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikism" class="extiw" title="en:Ishikism">Ishikism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="雅赛尼派">雅赛尼派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%86%E6%95%99" title="祆教">祆教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="歐洲民族">欧洲</a>宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚美尼亚新异教运动（页面不存在）">亚美尼亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Armenian neopaganism">Armenian neopaganism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波罗的海新异教运动（页面不存在）">波罗的海</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Baltic neopaganism">Baltic neopaganism</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%84%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB%E5%9B%BE%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狄耶夫图里巴（页面不存在）">狄耶夫图里</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" class="extiw" title="en:Dievturība">Dievturība</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%E7%BB%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德鲁维（页面不存在）">德鲁维</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druwi" class="extiw" title="en:Druwi">Druwi</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%A7%86%E7%93%A6_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="洛姆瓦 (宗教)">洛姆瓦</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高加索新异教运动（页面不存在）">高加索</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Caucasian neopaganism">Caucasian neopaganism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凯尔特新异教运动（页面不存在）">凯尔特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Celtic neopaganism">Celtic neopaganism</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="新德魯伊信仰">德鲁伊</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="日耳曼多神教運動">日耳曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99_(%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88)" title="希臘多神教 (復興)">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9-%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利-罗马新异教运动（页面不存在）">意大利</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Roman_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Italo-Roman neopaganism">Italo-Roman neopaganism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8E%E5%B0%94%E8%8E%AB%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扎尔莫西安运动（页面不存在）">罗马尼亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxianism" class="extiw" title="en:Zalmoxianism">Zalmoxianism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E6%95%99" title="斯拉夫本土教">斯拉夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东亚宗教（页面不存在）">东亚宗教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_religions" class="extiw" title="en:East Asian religions">East Asian religions</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99" title="儒教">儒教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93" title="神道">神道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="中國秘密宗教">中國秘密宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%95%99" title="羅教">羅教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8B%E6%95%99" title="齋教">齋教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93" title="先天道">先天道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%B2%AB%E9%81%93" title="一貫道">一貫道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%95%99" title="理教">理教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真空教（页面不存在）">真空教</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国民间信仰">中国民间信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣民間信仰">臺灣民間信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="臺灣原住民族泛靈信仰">臺灣原住民信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="三一教">三一教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A6%A1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="巫覡宗教">巫教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%B7%AB%E6%95%99" title="朝鮮巫教">巫堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="天道教">天道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%87%BA%E6%95%99" title="高臺教">高臺教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%A5%BD%E6%95%99" title="和好教">和好教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%81%93" title="母道">母道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="本主教">本主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E6%91%A9" title="毕摩">毕摩教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%B4%E6%95%99" title="東巴教">東巴教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E8%92%99%E6%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫蒙族宗教（页面不存在）">赫蒙族宗教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ua_Dab" class="extiw" title="en:Ua Dab">Ua Dab</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中亚与北亚宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%95%99_(%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白教 (阿尔泰)（页面不存在）">白教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism" class="extiw" title="en:Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%8F%90%E6%A3%AE%E9%9B%85%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦提森雅利（页面不存在）">楚瓦什</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" class="extiw" title="en:Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%97%8F%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="满族萨满教">满族</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙古萨满教（页面不存在）">蒙古</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" class="extiw" title="en:Mongolian shamanism">Mongolian shamanism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西伯利亚萨满教（页面不存在）">西伯利亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" class="extiw" title="en:Shamanism in Siberia">Shamanism in Siberia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BE%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="腾格里信仰">腾格里信仰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">乌拉尔宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芬兰新异教运动（页面不存在）">芬兰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Finnish neopaganism">Finnish neopaganism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="匈牙利新异教运动（页面不存在）">匈牙利</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Hungarian neopaganism">Hungarian neopaganism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乌拉尔新异教运动（页面不存在）">乌拉尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Uralic neopaganism">Uralic neopaganism</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非洲宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="非洲傳統宗教">传统</a>宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%9D%8E%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿坎神话（页面不存在）">阿坎族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akan_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Akan mythology">Akan mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%B7%B4%E6%97%8F" title="坎巴族">坎巴族</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E5%B7%B4%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢巴神话（页面不存在）">卢巴族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Baluba mythology">Baluba mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="班图神话（页面不存在）">班图族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Bantu mythology">Bantu mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E5%B0%94%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柏柏尔神话（页面不存在）">柏柏尔族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Berber mythology">Berber mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E5%B7%B4%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库巴神话（页面不存在）">库巴族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Bushongo mythology">Bushongo mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%A0%BC_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦格 (宗教)（页面不存在）">库希特人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waaq" class="extiw" title="en:Waaq">Waaq</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%81%E5%8D%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丁卡神话（页面不存在）">丁卡族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinka_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Dinka mythology">Dinka mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%8B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃菲克神话（页面不存在）">埃菲克族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efik_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Efik mythology">Efik mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E8%8D%B7%E7%BE%8E%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达荷美神话（页面不存在）">达荷美族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahomey_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Dahomey mythology">Dahomey mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B3%E5%A5%91%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="关契人教会（页面不存在）">关契族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" class="extiw" title="en:Church of the Guanche People">Church of the Guanche People</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E8%BF%AA%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥迪纳尼（页面不存在）">伊博族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odinani" class="extiw" title="en:Odinani">Odinani</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%9A%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="烏爾霍博族">伊索科族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E4%BC%8A%E7%A7%91%E4%BC%8A%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="科伊科伊人原始宗教">科伊科伊族</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E5%9B%BE%E7%A7%91%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛图科神话（页面不存在）">洛图科族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Lotuko mythology">Lotuko mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E9%BD%90%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛齐神话（页面不存在）">洛齐族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lozi_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Lozi mythology">Lozi mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%A0%BC%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢格巴拉神话（页面不存在）">卢格巴拉族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Lugbara mythology">Lugbara mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马赛神话（页面不存在）">马赛族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Maasai mythology">Maasai mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%83%E8%92%82%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姆布蒂神话（页面不存在）">姆布蒂族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Mbuti mythology">Mbuti mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞雷尔宗教（页面不存在）">塞雷尔族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serer_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Serer religion">Serer religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%83%E5%8D%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图姆布卡神话（页面不存在）">图姆布卡族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Tumbuka mythology">Tumbuka mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约鲁巴宗教（页面不存在）">约鲁巴族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Yoruba religion">Yoruba religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E9%B2%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祖鲁神话（页面不存在）">祖鲁族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Zulu mythology">Zulu mythology</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非美宗教（页面不存在）">流散</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-American_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Afro-American religion">Afro-American religion</a>）宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%8E%E5%86%AC%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坎冬博宗教（页面不存在）">坎冬博</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="en:Candomblé">Candomblé</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E7%B1%B3%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库米纳（页面不存在）">库米纳</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumina" class="extiw" title="en:Kumina">Kumina</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥比亚（页面不存在）">奥比亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obeah" class="extiw" title="en:Obeah">Obeah</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E6%96%91%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金斑达（页面不存在）">金斑达</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimbanda" class="extiw" title="en:Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E6%B4%9B_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕洛 (宗教)（页面不存在）">帕洛</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_(religion)" class="extiw" title="en:Palo (religion)">Palo (religion)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑特里亚教（页面不存在）">桑特里亚教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" class="extiw" title="en:Santería">Santería</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A9%E6%96%91%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恩斑达（页面不存在）">恩斑达</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbanda" class="extiw" title="en:Umbanda">Umbanda</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%95%99" title="伏都教">伏都教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%B7%AB%E6%AF%92" title="海地巫毒">海地伏都教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E4%BC%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="路易斯安那伏都教（页面不存在）">路易斯安那伏都教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" class="extiw" title="en:Louisiana Voodoo">Louisiana Voodoo</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E6%8F%90%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文提教（页面不存在）">文提教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winti" class="extiw" title="en:Winti">Winti</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%9A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴多信仰（页面不存在）">巴多信仰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathouism" class="extiw" title="en:Bathouism">Bathouism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙 (宗教)（页面不存在）">邦廷教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun_(religion)" class="extiw" title="en:Mun (religion)">Mun (religion)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日月教（页面不存在）">日月教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donyi-Polo" class="extiw" title="en:Donyi-Polo">Donyi-Polo</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%97%E8%8D%BC%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达罗毗荼民间宗教（页面不存在）">达罗毗荼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian folk religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%95%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克拉底信仰（页面不存在）">克拉底</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirant_Mundhum" class="extiw" title="en:Kirant Mundhum">Kirant Mundhum</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E9%82%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%8C%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨那马希信仰（页面不存在）">萨那马希</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanamahism" class="extiw" title="en:Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%A5%88%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨奈信仰（页面不存在）">萨奈信仰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnaism" class="extiw" title="en:Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="缅甸民间信仰（页面不存在）">缅甸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Burmese folk religion">Burmese folk religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="台语民族民间信仰">老挝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%95%99" title="摩教">师公教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="马来西亚民间信仰">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度尼西亚民间信仰（页面不存在）">印度尼西亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliran_kepercayaan" class="extiw" title="en:Aliran kepercayaan">Aliran kepercayaan</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%BB%B7%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴廷信仰（页面不存在）">巴廷信仰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebatinan" class="extiw" title="en:Kebatinan">Kebatinan</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳大利亚原住民神话（页面不存在）">澳大利亚原住民</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Australian Aboriginal mythology">Australian Aboriginal mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="美洲原住民宗教">美洲原住民</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中部美洲宗教（页面不存在）">中部美洲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲律宾神话（页面不存在）">菲律宾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Philippine mythology">Philippine mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波利尼西亚神话（页面不存在）">波利尼西亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_narrative" class="extiw" title="en:Polynesian narrative">Polynesian narrative</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="貨物崇拜">貨物崇拜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="新興宗教">新興宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="狄斯科蒂亚信仰">不和教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%9D%8E%E5%8D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃坎卡（页面不存在）">埃坎卡</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckankar" class="extiw" title="en:Eckankar">Eckankar</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%83%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="新纪元运动">新纪元运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BC%AA%E5%8A%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="法輪功">法輪功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E6%97%A6%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="撒旦崇拜">撒旦崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E6%B5%AE%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="幽浮宗教">幽浮宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E7%88%BE%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="雷爾運動">雷爾運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E4%BF%AE" title="奧修">羅傑尼希教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%94%E5%9F%BA" title="山達基">山達基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92%E7%91%AA" title="泰勒瑪">泰勒瑪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%95%91%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="普救一位神教">一神普救派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%8D%A1%E6%95%99" title="威卡教">威卡教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%BD%95%E6%95%99" title="布爾罕教">布爾罕教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="历史宗教" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="宗教史">历史宗教</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="史前宗教">史前宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A7%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旧石器时代宗教（页面不存在）">旧石器时代宗教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%9C%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古代近东宗教（页面不存在）">近东宗教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religions_of_the_ancient_Near_East" class="extiw" title="en:Religions of the ancient Near East">Religions of the ancient Near East</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="古埃及宗教">古埃及宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%8E%E7%B4%A2%E4%B8%8D%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古美索不达米亚宗教（页面不存在）">美索不达米亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Ancient Mesopotamian religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古闪米特宗教（页面不存在）">闪米特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Semitic religion">Ancient Semitic religion</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="原始印欧宗教">原始印欧宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">亚洲宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E4%BC%8A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始印伊宗教（页面不存在）">原始印伊宗教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚美尼亚神话（页面不存在）">亚美尼亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Armenian mythology">Armenian mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥塞梯神话（页面不存在）">奥塞梯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossetian_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Ossetian mythology">Ossetian mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="吠陀宗教">吠陀宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%86%E6%95%99" title="祆教">琐罗亚斯德教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%95%99" title="密特拉教">密特拉教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E6%A2%B5%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祖梵教（页面不存在）">祖梵教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurvanism" class="extiw" title="en:Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="諾斯底主義">諾斯底主義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99" title="摩尼教">摩尼教</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">欧洲宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凯尔特多神教（页面不存在）">凯尔特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_polytheism" class="extiw" title="en:Celtic polytheism">Celtic polytheism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="日耳曼多神教">日耳曼</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盎格鲁-撒克逊异教（页面不存在）">盎格鲁-撒克逊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" class="extiw" title="en:Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon paganism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大陆日耳曼神话（页面不存在）">大陆</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Continental Germanic mythology">Continental Germanic mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="北欧多神教">诺斯</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="古希臘宗教">古希臘宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="諾斯底主義">諾斯底主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新柏拉图主义">新柏拉图主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99" title="摩尼教">摩尼教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="史前巴尔干神话">巴尔干</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="古羅馬宗教">古羅馬宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="斯拉夫神話">斯拉夫</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="斯拉夫多神教">東斯拉夫</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><hr /></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="主题" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">主题</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">方面</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%9B%E6%95%99" title="叛教">叛教</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="离教（页面不存在）">离教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" class="extiw" title="en:Religious disaffiliation">Religious disaffiliation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教行为（页面不存在）">行为</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_behaviour" class="extiw" title="en:Religious behaviour">Religious behaviour</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E8%80%85" title="圣职者">圣职者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E5%AE%97" title="改宗">转化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" title="神">神灵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%B4%E5%B9%BB%E5%8A%91" title="宗教致幻劑">宗教致幻劑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" title="教派">教派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="信仰">信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%84%B0%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="火焰崇拜">火焰崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E_(%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99)" title="神 (一神教)">神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E6%83%B3" title="冥想">冥想</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="修行制度">修行制度</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="出家人">修士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3" title="修女">修女</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="神秘主義">神秘主義</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与神话（页面不存在）">神话</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Religion and mythology">Religion and mythology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="自然崇拜">自然崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E6%8E%88%E4%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣职授任（页面不存在）">圣职授任</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination" class="extiw" title="en:Ordination">Ordination</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1_(%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0)" title="正統 (信仰)">正统</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E8%A1%8C_(%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正行 (信仰)（页面不存在）">正行</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthopraxy" class="extiw" title="en:Orthopraxy">Orthopraxy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%B7%E5%91%8A" title="祷告">祷告</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97" title="宗教經驗">宗教体验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F" title="仪式">仪式</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">禮拜儀式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%BA%E7%89%B2" title="牺牲">牺牲</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%80%A7" title="靈性">靈性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="超自然现象">超自然</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教符号（页面不存在）">符号</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_symbolism" class="extiw" title="en:Religious symbolism">Religious symbolism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教真理（页面不存在）">真理</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" class="extiw" title="en:Religious views on truth">Religious views on truth</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水与宗教（页面不存在）">水</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Water and religion">Water and religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="崇拜">崇拜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="有神论">有神论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" title="泛靈論">泛靈論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="自然神论">自然神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="二元论">二元论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="主神论">主神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="一神論">一神論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="非有神论">非有神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%9C%89%E5%9C%A8%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="萬有在神論">万有在神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="泛神论">泛神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="多神论">多神论</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E8%B6%8A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超越神论（页面不存在）">超越神论</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transtheism" class="extiw" title="en:Transtheism">Transtheism</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗主义">世俗主义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="反宗教">反宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="自然神论">自然神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA" title="不可知论">不可知论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2%E6%9D%A1%E6%80%AA%E7%89%A9" title="飞行面条怪物">飞行面条怪物</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人文犹太教（页面不存在）">人文犹太教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" class="extiw" title="en:Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic Judaism</a>）</li> <li>无属</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="新無神論">新無神論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA" title="顺世论">順世派</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E6%92%92%E6%97%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉维撒旦主义（页面不存在）">拉维撒旦主义</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaVeyan_Satanism" class="extiw" title="en:LaVeyan Satanism">LaVeyan Satanism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与解构主义（页面不存在）">解构主义</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deconstruction_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Deconstruction and religion">Deconstruction and religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%A0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各国无宗教状况（页面不存在）">各国无宗教状况</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Irreligion by country">Irreligion by country</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%A7%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="客觀主義">客觀主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗人文主义">世俗人文主义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世俗神学（页面不存在）">世俗神学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_theology" class="extiw" title="en:Secular theology">Secular theology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E5%8C%96" title="世俗化">世俗化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB" title="政教分离">政教分离</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99#宗教的批判" title="宗教">批判</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E7%B2%89%E7%B4%85%E7%8D%A8%E8%A7%92%E7%8D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="透明粉紅獨角獸">透明粉紅獨角獸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教学">宗教学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教人类学">宗教人类学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教认知科学（页面不存在）">认知科学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Cognitive science of religion">Cognitive science of religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83" title="宗教比較">比较学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="宗教史">宗教史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="宗教的進化起源">宗教的進化起源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="宗教演化心理學">宗教演化心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教哲学">哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教神经学（页面不存在）">神经学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotheology" class="extiw" title="en:Neurotheology">Neurotheology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="宗教心理學">宗教心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教社会学">宗教社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="神學">神學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教理论（页面不存在）">理论</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Theories of religion">Theories of religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女性与宗教（页面不存在）">女性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Women and religion">Women and religion</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="Category:宗教與社會">宗教与社会</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与农业（页面不存在）">农业</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" class="extiw" title="en:Religion and agriculture">Religion and agriculture</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与经济（页面不存在）">经济</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_business" class="extiw" title="en:Religion and business">Religion and business</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E8%80%85" title="圣职者">圣职者</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93" class="mw-disambig" title="修道">修行制度</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E6%8E%88%E4%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣职授任（页面不存在）">圣职授任</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination" class="extiw" title="en:Ordination">Ordination</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E5%AE%97" title="改宗">转化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="傳福音">傳福音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB" title="传教士">传教士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%B8%E8%AA%98%E6%94%B9%E5%AE%97" title="勸誘改宗">勸誘改宗</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教教育（页面不存在）">教育</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_education" class="extiw" title="en:Religious education">Religious education</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%8B%82%E7%83%AD" title="宗教狂热">狂热</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="宗教自由">自由</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="宗教多元主义">多元主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%9C%E6%94%9D" title="綜攝">綜攝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BD%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="宽容">宽容</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="普世主义">普世主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%95%99%E6%97%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="原教旨主義">原教旨主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%80%E5%BF%AB%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="发展最快的宗教">发展</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B8%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教与幸福">幸福</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80" title="宗教與同性戀">同性恋</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E7%BE%A4%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="少数群体宗教（页面不存在）">少数群体</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Minority religion">Minority religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="民族教會">民族教會</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各国宗教重要程度（页面不存在）">各国信仰程度</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Importance of religion by country">Importance of religion by country</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教政治科学（页面不存在）">政治科学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_science_of_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Political science of religion">Political science of religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="宗教人口列表">人口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="教派分裂">教派分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教与科学">科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99" title="國教">国家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%9D%83%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="神权政治">神权政治</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%B4%A0%E9%A3%9F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与素食主义（页面不存在）">素食主义</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism and religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教中心主义（页面不存在）">宗教中心主义</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religiocentrism" class="extiw" title="en:Religiocentrism">Religiocentrism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="宗教暴力">暴力</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="宗教迫害">迫害</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教恐怖主义（页面不存在）">恐怖主义</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_terrorism" class="extiw" title="en:Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="宗教战争">战争</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E8%B4%A2%E5%AF%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与财富（页面不存在）">财富</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Wealth and religion">Wealth and religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AA%8D%E5%90%8C" title="多重宗教身份認同">多重宗教身份認同</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="世界基督教">世界基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="政治神学">政治神学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="公共神學">公共神學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%A3%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92" title="第二代信徒">第二代信徒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">概观 及<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Category:宗教相關列表">列表</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教相关条目索引（页面不存在）">索引</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of religion-related articles">Index of religion-related articles</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教概述（页面不存在）">概述</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of religion">Outline of religion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="宗教年表">年表</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%B8%E6%95%99%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚伯拉罕诸教先知列表（页面不存在）">亚伯拉罕诸教先知</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" class="extiw" title="en:Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions">Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E7%A5%9E%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="被神化的人列表">神化</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神列表（页面不存在）">神</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deities" class="extiw" title="en:List of deities">List of deities</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%88%9B%E5%A7%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="主要宗教创始人列表">创始人</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史上最大和平集会列表（页面不存在）">大型集会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings_in_history" class="extiw" title="en:List of largest peaceful gatherings in history">List of largest peaceful gatherings in history</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新兴宗教运动列表（页面不存在）">新兴宗教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" class="extiw" title="en:List of new religious movements">List of new religious movements</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教组织列表（页面不存在）">宗教组织</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" class="extiw" title="en:List of religious organizations">List of religious organizations</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%8A%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教及传统（页面不存在）">宗教及传统</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" class="extiw" title="en:List of religions and spiritual traditions">List of religions and spiritual traditions</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教学学者列表（页面不存在）">学者</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_religious_studies_scholars" class="extiw" title="en:List of religious studies scholars">List of religious studies scholars</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Category:宗教">类目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Portal:宗教">主题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23540#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23540#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23540#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119346212">法国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119346212">BnF data</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4047538-4">德国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007541386805171">以色列</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85107718">美国</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85107712">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569233">日本</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph120045&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115899&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph124663&CON_LNG=ENG">3</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph307587&CON_LNG=ENG">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300073735">AAT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/028700">瑞士历史词典</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027267318">IdRef</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/protestanlik">伊斯兰百科全书</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=新教&oldid=86083634">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=新教&oldid=86083634</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a 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