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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sosiologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sosiologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verk_av_og_om_Elias_på_norsk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verk_av_og_om_Elias_på_norsk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verk av og om Elias på norsk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verk_av_og_om_Elias_på_norsk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innhaldsliste" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Norbert Elias</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 42 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نوربيرت إلياس – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوربيرت إلياس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نوربرت الیاس – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نوربرت الیاس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Норберт Елиас – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Норберт Елиас" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نوربرت الیاس – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوربرت الیاس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A5%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4" title="노르베르트 엘리아스 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노르베르트 엘리아스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A1" title="נורברט אליאס – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נורברט אליאס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norberts_Eliass" title="Norberts Eliass – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Norberts Eliass" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – madagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نوربيرت الياس – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نوربيرت الياس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9" title="ノルベルト・エリアス – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノルベルト・エリアス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81,_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Элиас, Норберт – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Элиас, Норберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Норберт Елијас – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Норберт Елијас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="நார்பெர்ட் எலியாஸ் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நார்பெர்ட் எலியாஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Норберт Еліас – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Норберт Еліас" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Norbert Elias" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%80%9D" title="諾博特·伊里亞思 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="諾博特·伊里亞思" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q75812#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" cellspacing="5" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em;"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:lightgrey; color:black; text-align:center;">Norbert Elias</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Norbert_Elias,_1987_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Norbert_Elias%2C_1987_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Norbert_Elias%2C_1987_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Norbert_Elias%2C_1987_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Norbert_Elias%2C_1987_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Norbert_Elias%2C_1987_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Norbert_Elias%2C_1987_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="1929" /></a></span><br /> </td></tr><tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" align="center" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Fødd</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><span><a href="/wiki/22._juni" title="22. juni">22. juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Død</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><span><a href="/wiki/1._august" title="1. august">1. august</a> <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Nasjonalitet</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;">Storbritannia, Tyskland</td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Område</th><td class="kategori" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sosiologi" title="Sosiologi">sosiologi</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Yrke</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q36180" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q36180">skribent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q2306091" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q2306091">sosiolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q1622272" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q1622272">universitetslærar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q4964182" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q4964182">filosof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q14915627" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q14915627">musikkforskar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyrikar" title="Lyrikar">lyrikar</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Institusjonar</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q309948" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q309948">Ruhr-Universität Bochum</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q24382" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q24382">Universität Bielefeld</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q1333399" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q1333399">University of Leicester</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q151510" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q151510">Universitetet i Heidelberg</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q315658" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q315658">Universitetet i Wrocław</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q153987" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q153987">Albert-Ludwigs-Universität</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Doktorgradsrettleiar</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q214375" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q214375">Richard Hönigswald</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Medlem</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q5391818" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q5391818">Blau-Weiss</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Elias-tablica.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Elias-tablica.JPG/250px-Elias-tablica.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Elias-tablica.JPG/330px-Elias-tablica.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Elias-tablica.JPG/500px-Elias-tablica.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Plakett for Norbert Elias i Wrocław.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Norbert Elias</b> (<a href="/wiki/22._juni" title="22. juni">22. juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>–<a href="/wiki/1._august" title="1. august">1. august</a> <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>) var ein tysk-britisk <a href="/wiki/Sosiologi" title="Sosiologi">sosiolog</a>. Han var fødd i Breslau (dagens <a href="/wiki/Wroclaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Wroclaw">Wroclaw</a> i <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a>), døydde i <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. Hans arbeid omhandlar tilhøvet mellom makt, livsførsel, kjensleliv og kunnskap utvikla over tid. Av historiske grunnar var Elias i lang tid ein lite påakta forfattar, før han vart oppdaga på nytt i 1970-åra. Då vart han ein av dei sosiologane med størst innverknad på fagfeltet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liv_og_gjerning">Liv og gjerning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Elias&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Liv og gjerning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Elias&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Liv og gjerning"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elias kom til verda i Breslau i <a href="/wiki/Schlesien" title="Schlesien">Schlesien</a>, som på den tid høyrde til <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>. Faren var forretningsdrivande i tekstilindustrien. I 1915 melde Elias seg til krigsteneste for den tyske armeen. Han var tilsett som telegraf, fyrst ved austfronten, sidan ved vestfronten. Etter ein nervøst samanbrot i 1917 vart han ordonnans postert i heimbyen. Same året tok han til å studere filosofi, psykologi og medisin ved universitetet i Breslau, i tillegg var han eit semester ved universiteta i <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> og <a href="/wiki/Freiburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Freiburg">Freiburg</a> i høvesvis 1919 og 1920. </p><p>Han forlet medisin-studiet i 1919, etter å ha stått til fyrsteeksamen (Physikum). For å finansiere studiane, formuen til faren minka med hyper<a href="/wiki/Inflasjon" title="Inflasjon">inflasjonen</a>, tok han i 1922 jobb som leiar av eksportavdelinga til ein lokal fabrikk. I 1924 avla han doktorgradeksamen i filosofi med arbeidet <i>Idee und Individuum</i> (=ide og individ). Til vegleiar under doktorgradsarbeidet hadde Elias ein representant for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kantianisme (sida finst ikkje)">nykantiansk</a> tenking. Misnøgd med denne ideretninga og det Elias oppfatta som mangelfull samfunnsforståing, valde han sosiologien som fag for sine vidare studiar. </p><p>Fram til 1925 var Elias sterkt involvert i den tysk-sionistiske rørsla, og var ein leiande intellektuell i den tysk-jødiske ungdomsrørsla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blau-Weiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blau-Weiss (sida finst ikkje)">Blau-Weiss</a>. Han vart i desse åra kjend med andre unge <a href="/wiki/Sionisme" title="Sionisme">sionistar</a> som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Fromm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich Fromm (sida finst ikkje)">Erich Fromm</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Strauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Strauss (sida finst ikkje)">Leo Strauss</a>, Leo Löwenthal og Gershom Scholem. I 1925 flytta Elias til Heidelberg der han arbeidde på eit prosjekt om utviklinga av moderne vitskap. Fem år seinare la han dette arbeidet til sides, vart i staden assistent til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Mannheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Mannheim (sida finst ikkje)">Karl Mannheim</a> ved universitetet i <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" class="mw-disambig" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>. Kort etter nazi-regimet kom til makta i 1933 vart instituttet tvinga til å stengje. Straks etterpå flykta Elias til <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Foreldra hans vart verande i Breslau der faren døydde i 1940. Mora vart deportert til <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a>, og vart truleg drepen der i 1941. </p><p>Opphaldet i Paris varte i to år. Han arbeidde som privatlærar og fekk elles stipend frå ein institusjon i Amsterdam. I 1935 flytta Elias til <a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a>, der han fram til 1939 arbeidde med sitt hovudverk, <i>Über den Prozess der Zivilsation</i>. Desse åra fekk han stipend frå ein hjelpeorganisjon for jødiske flyktningar. I 1939 møtte han sin tidlegare vegleiar Mannheim ved <i>London School of Economics</i>, der Elias fekk stilling som forskingsassistent. Året etter, då ein tysk invasjon syntest vere nær føreståande, vart han sett i interneringsleir ved <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> og sidan på øya <a href="/wiki/Man" title="Man">Man</a>. Her sat han i åtte månader, grunna sitt tyske statsborgarskap. </p><p>Etter Elias vart sett fri i 1941 flytta han til <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. Han underviste ved kveldskurs for <i>Workers` Educational Association</i>, og seinare på kveldskurs for vidarekomne i sosiologi, psykologi, økonomi og økonomisk historie ved University of <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>. Medan han budde i Cambridge var han aktiv som gruppeterapeut under psykoanalytikaren S.H. Foulkes, også ein tysk emigrant, som han saman med danna <i>Group Analytic Society</i> i 1952. </p><p>I 1954 flytta Elias til <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>, der han førelas og medverka til utbyggjinga av universitetets sosiologiske institutt, fram til han trekte seg tilbake i 1962. Martin Albrow og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Giddens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Giddens (sida finst ikkje)">Anthony Giddens</a> var mellom studentane hans i Leicester. </p><p>Frå 1962 til –64 underviste Elias i sosiologi ved University of <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> i Legon nær hovudstaden <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>. Han busette seg frå 1965 i Amsterdam, men var ofte på reise som gjesteprofessor, hovudsakleg ved tyske universitet. Hans ry og popularitet voks kolossalt etter nyutgjevinga (og no på engelsk) av <i>The Civilizing Process</i> i 1969. Frå 1978 til –84 arbeidde han ved <i>Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Forschung</i> ved universitetet i <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sosiologi">Sosiologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Elias&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Sosiologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Elias&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sosiologi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elias viktigaste verk er tobandsverket <i>Über den Prozess der Zivilsation</i> (1939) (The Civilizing Process, 1969-70). Her hevdar han at dei vesteuropeiske statane si historie, sidan <a href="/wiki/Mellomalderen" title="Mellomalderen">mellomalderen</a>, kan forståast som ein lang sivilisasjonsprosess, der menneska i takt med framveksten av statane gradvis har utvikla ein sterkare kontroll over sine drifter, der i mellom sine aggresjonar. </p><p>Fyrste bandet i verket sporar opp kjeldene til den europeiske sedvanen og den påfylgjande historiske utviklinga av den særskilde, individuelle veremåten andsynes samfunnet sine haldningar. Elias avdekte korleis det før-mellomalderske synet på vald, seksuell framferd, kroppsbruk, bordmanerar og former for tiltale og tale gradvis endra seg ved å flytte treskelen for skam og avsky, haldningar som spreidde seg frå hoff-etiketten ut i samfunnet. Den tillærde sjølvbeherskelsen, pådytta den enkelte av stendig meir samanvovne sosiale møterom, utvikla ei sjølvforståing som Freud nemnde for superego. Andre bandet av ”Sivilisasjonsprosessen” handlar om grunnane til denne prosessen. Desse finn Elias i dei i dei stendig meir sentraliserte statsdanningane i den tidlege mellomalderen på den eine sida, og den tiltakande og aukande spesialiseringa og samanvevinga i samfunnet på den andre. </p><p>Fleire verk utfyller dette hovudverket. Det gjeld studien om hoffsamfunnet, <i>Die höfische Gesellschaft</i> (1969), oppfylgjaren <i>Die Gesellschaft der Individuen</i> (1987), og analysen av sporten si utvikling i <i>The Quest for Excitement</i> (1986). I boka om <i>Mozart. Zur Soziologie eines Genies</i> (1991) prøver Elias sin teori om samspelet mellom samfunnsendring og individualitet, der han søker å gje ei sosiologisk forklaring på <a href="/wiki/Mozart" title="Mozart">Mozarts</a> "individuelle" lagnad. </p><p>Elias gjer greie for sitt syn på sosiologien i <i>Was ist Soziologie</i> (1970). Her argumenterer han for at sosiologien skal overskride hangen til å tenke i motsetnadskategoriar som "individ" og "samfunn". <i>Engagement und Distanzierung</i> (1983) legg vekt på at evna til distanse avgjer om samfunnsforskinga skal nå utover den engasjerande standpunktshevdinga. <i>Established and Outsiders</i> (1965, saman med John L. Scotson), er ein oppslagsrik analyse av makttilhøve, tankeformer og sjølvbilete i eit lokalsamfunn. </p><p>Interessa for Elias arbeid på hans eldre dagar kan forklarast med hans vekt på å forstå samfunnet gjennom påvising av styrande sosiale strukturar, samstundes som han ikkje mister det individuelle initiativet or syne. </p><p>Stephen Mennell si bok <i>Norbert Elias. An Introduction</i> (1992) diskuterer Elias verk og hans tilhøve til andre sosiologar. Elias sin sjølvbiografi finst i <i>Über sich selbst</i> (1990). </p><p>Elias var den fyrste som vart tildelt både Adorno-prisen (1977) og Amalfi-prisen (1984). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verk_av_og_om_Elias_på_norsk"><span id="Verk_av_og_om_Elias_p.C3.A5_norsk"></span>Verk av og om Elias på norsk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Elias&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Verk av og om Elias på norsk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Elias&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Verk av og om Elias på norsk"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Elias, Norbert: <i>De døendes ensomhet</i>, 1984 og 1997</li> <li>Elias, Norbert og Jürgen Habermas: <i>Nasjonalisme og nasjonal identitet</i>, 1994</li> <li>Elias, Norbert: <i>Om nasjonalisme</i>, 1994</li> <li>Elias, Norbert og Michael Schröter: <i>Mozart: genialitet og samfunn</i>, 1991</li> <li>Fougner, Ole Thorsten: <i>Dannet religiøsitet: sivilisasjon og religion</i>, 1998</li> <li>Førland, Tor Egil (red.): <i>Norbert Elias; en sosiolog for historikere?</i>, 1997</li> <li>Karterud, Sigmund:<i>Gruppeanalyse og psykodynamisk gruppepsykoterapi</i>, 1999</li></ul> <p>Nesten alle Elias verk finst i engelskspråklege utgåver. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Elias&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Elias&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" class="extiw" title="sv:Norbert Elias">Norbert Elias</a>» frå <a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvudsida" class="extiw" title="sv:Huvudsida">Wikipedia på svensk</a>, og «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" class="extiw" title="en:Norbert Elias">Norbert Elias</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a> den 30. oktober 2009.</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Elias&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Elias&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikifrasar"><img alt="Wikifrasar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/15px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Engelsk <a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a> har ei sitatsamling som gjeld: <b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Norbert_Elias" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Norbert Elias">Norbert Elias</a></b> </div></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> har multimedium som gjeld: <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Norbert_Elias" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Norbert Elias">Norbert Elias</a></b> </div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3515230">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>42 språk</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive 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