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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">伊斯兰教与政治</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。18种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="إسلام سياسي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسلام سياسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="রাজনৈতিক ইসলাম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাজনৈতিক ইসলাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politick%C3%BD_isl%C3%A1m" title="Politický islám – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Politický islám" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politischer_Islam" title="Politischer Islam – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Politischer Islam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Islam" title="Political Islam – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Political Islam" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سیاست در اسلام – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیاست در اسلام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_politique" title="Islam politique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Islam politique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="राजनीतिक इस्लाम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राजनीतिक इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politikai_iszl%C3%A1m" title="Politikai iszlám – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Politikai iszlám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_politik" title="Islam politik – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Islam politik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eslama_siyas%C3%AE" title="Îslama siyasî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îslama siyasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politiskais_isl%C4%81ms" title="Politiskais islāms – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Politiskais islāms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Политический ислам – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Политический ислам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islami_politik" title="Islami politik – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Islami politik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Политички ислам – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Политички ислам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyasal_%C4%B0slam" title="Siyasal İslam – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Siyasal İslam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Політичний іслам – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Політичний іслам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سیاسی اسلام – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیاسی اسلام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q30970737#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&oldid=79978313" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&id=79978313&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25BC%258A%25E6%2596%25AF%25E5%2585%25B0%25E6%2595%2599%25E4%25B8%258E%25E6%2594%25BF%25E6%25B2%25BB"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25BC%258A%25E6%2596%25AF%25E5%2585%25B0%25E6%2595%2599%25E4%25B8%258E%25E6%2594%25BF%25E6%25B2%25BB"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q30970737" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>缺少有關</b><u>历史、观点等</u>的信息。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2020年9月30日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:105%;;background-color:transparent;;">請<a 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Category:伊斯兰教">系列</a>條目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Allah_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="阿拉伯文書法中的阿拉"><img alt="阿拉伯文書法中的阿拉" 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class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5" title="伊斯蘭教的先知">先知</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E6%9B%B8" title="伊斯蘭教聖書">啟示之書</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF" title="伊斯兰教中的天使">天使</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AE%BF%E5%91%BD%E8%AB%96" title="伊斯蘭教宿命論">宿命論</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96" title="伊斯蘭教末世論">末日審判</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%8A%9F" title="五功">習俗</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80" title="清真言">證信</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E6%8B%9C_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" title="礼拜 (伊斯兰教)">禮拜</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8B%E6%88%92_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)" title="齋戒 (伊斯蘭教)">齋戒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%AA%B2" title="天課">施捨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%A7%90_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" title="朝觐 (伊斯兰教)">朝覲</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E5%85%B8%E7%B1%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="伊斯蘭教典籍列表">典籍</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95" title="伊斯蘭教法">法律</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="古兰经">古兰经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A1%8C" title="聖行">聖行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A8%93" title="聖訓">聖訓</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95" title="伊斯蘭教法">沙里亞 <small>（法律）</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭教法學">費格赫 <small>（法學）</small></a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰教义学">凱拉姆 <small>（辯證）</small></a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="伊斯兰教历史">歷史</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="伊斯蘭教歷史年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德">穆罕默德</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A3%94" title="聖裔">聖裔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%93%88%E5%B7%B4" title="薩哈巴">薩哈巴</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="正统哈里发时期">正統哈里發</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%91%AA%E7%9B%AE%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9" title="伊瑪目教義">伊瑪目教義</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="哈里發國">哈里發國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" title="伊斯蘭教的傳播">傳播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8" title="伊斯蘭教與奴隸">奴隸制度</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" title="伊斯蘭教派">教派</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派">遜尼派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="蘇非主義">蘇非主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="伊巴德派">伊巴德派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%8D%A8%E5%8F%A4%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93" title="唯獨古蘭經">唯獨古蘭經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%88%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9A" title="阿赫迈底亚">阿赫迈底亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" title="美國伊斯蘭教">黑人穆斯林運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="无教派穆斯林">無教派</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="伊斯兰文化">文化</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="穆斯林世界">社會</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="伊斯蘭教研究">學術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="伊斯蘭教與動物">動物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="伊斯蘭藝術">藝術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86" title="伊斯兰历">曆法</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5" title="伊斯蘭教與兒童">兒童</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="各国伊斯兰教">人口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="伊斯蘭女性主義">女性主義</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%AF%80%E6%97%A5" title="伊斯蘭教節日">節日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="清真寺">清真寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰哲学">哲學</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">政治</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%93%A6_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)" title="達瓦 (伊斯蘭教)">宣教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭教與科學">科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%93" title="伊斯蘭教與人道">社會福利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" title="婦女與伊斯蘭教">婦女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" title="LGBT與伊斯蘭教">LGBT</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Category:伊斯兰教">相關主題</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%A9%95" title="對伊斯蘭教的批評">批評</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與其他宗教（页面不存在）">其他宗教</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰主义">伊斯兰主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%9E%81%E7%AB%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰极端主义">伊斯蘭極端主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="吉哈德">吉哈德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7%E7%97%87" title="伊斯兰恐惧症">伊斯兰恐惧症</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="伊斯蘭教詞彙列表">詞彙</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Template:伊斯兰教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:伊斯兰教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:伊斯兰教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;font-size:88%; line-height:200%"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="Category:伊斯蘭主義">系列</a>條目</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:230%;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰主义">伊斯蘭主義</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;">一般</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭主義歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Islamism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭主義歷史（页面不存在）">歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islamism" class="extiw" title="en:History of Islamism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Islamism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="伊斯兰文化">文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="伊斯兰经济">經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教的政治面" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Political aspects of Islam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教的政治面（页面不存在）">政治</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:Political aspects of Islam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Political aspects of Islam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與世俗主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islam and secularism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與世俗主義（页面不存在）">世俗方</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_secularism" class="extiw" title="en:Islam and secularism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islam and secularism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;">意識形態</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰主义">伊斯蘭主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="庫特布主義">庫特布主義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%BC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="霍梅尼主义">霍梅尼主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E8%8F%B2%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="萨拉菲运动">萨拉菲运动</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩拉菲主義和瓦哈比主義的國際傳播" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E8%8F%B2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%92%8C%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩拉菲主義和瓦哈比主義的國際傳播（页面不存在）">國際傳播</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism" class="extiw" title="en:International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩拉菲主義和瓦哈比主義的國際傳播 (按地區劃分)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E8%8F%B2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%92%8C%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD_(%E6%8C%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83%E5%88%86)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩拉菲主義和瓦哈比主義的國際傳播 (按地區劃分)（页面不存在）">按國家與地區劃分</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism_by_region" class="extiw" title="en:International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊朗伊斯蘭原教旨主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islamic Principlism in Iran"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%8E%9F%E6%95%99%E6%97%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊朗伊斯蘭原教旨主義（页面不存在）">什葉伊斯蘭主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Principlism_in_Iran" class="extiw" title="en:Islamic Principlism in Iran"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islamic Principlism in Iran</span></a></span>）</span></span><br /></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%9F%E6%95%99%E6%97%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰原教旨主义">伊斯兰原教旨主义</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;">概念</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%9B%E6%95%99_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)" title="叛教 (伊斯蘭教)">叛教</a> <ul><li>“<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塔克菲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Takfir"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔克菲（页面不存在）">塔克菲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takfir" class="extiw" title="en:Takfir"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Takfir</span></a></span>）</span></span>”</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="哈里發國">哈里發國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="伊斯蘭民主主義">伊斯蘭民主主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰社会主义">伊斯蘭社會主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F)" title="伊斯兰国 (政权形式)">伊斯蘭國</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭君主制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islamic monarchy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭君主制（页面不存在）">伊斯蘭君主制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_monarchy" class="extiw" title="en:Islamic monarchy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islamic monarchy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="伊斯兰共和国">伊斯蘭共和國</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" title="伊斯蘭教的傳播">伊斯蘭教的傳播</a> (<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="知識的伊斯蘭化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islamization of knowledge"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="知識的伊斯蘭化（页面不存在）">知識</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamization_of_knowledge" class="extiw" title="en:Islamization of knowledge"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islamization of knowledge</span></a></span>）</span></span>)</li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="吉哈德">吉哈德</a>” <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="伊斯蘭恐怖主義">伊斯蘭恐怖主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="吉哈德主義">吉哈德主義</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="泛伊斯蘭主義">泛伊斯蘭主義</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">伊斯蘭教與政治</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教的政治面" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Political aspects of Islam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教的政治面（页面不存在）">政治面</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:Political aspects of Islam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Political aspects of Islam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="後伊斯蘭主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Post-Islamism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8C%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="後伊斯蘭主義（页面不存在）">後伊斯蘭主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Islamism" class="extiw" title="en:Post-Islamism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Post-Islamism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95" title="伊斯蘭教法">伊斯蘭教法</a>”</li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E6%8B%89" title="舒拉">舒拉</a>”</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E5%9C%8B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="兩國理論">兩國理論</a></li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%91%AA" title="烏瑪">烏瑪</a>”</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;">影響</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反共主義">反共主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反帝國主義">反帝國主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反錫安主義">反錫安主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="伊斯蘭黃金時代">伊斯蘭黃金時代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="伊斯蘭復興">伊斯蘭復興</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;">運動</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><b>學術性</b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴雷爾維" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Barelvi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%9B%B7%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴雷爾維（页面不存在）">巴雷爾維</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barelvi" class="extiw" title="en:Barelvi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Barelvi</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="達瓦特伊斯蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dawat-e-Islami"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%94%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="達瓦特伊斯蘭（页面不存在）">達瓦特伊斯蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawat-e-Islami" class="extiw" title="en:Dawat-e-Islami"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dawat-e-Islami</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%AE%AD%E4%BA%BA%E4%BB%AC" title="圣训人们">聖訓人們</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A7%E7%8F%AD%E8%BF%AA" title="迪奧班迪">迪奧班迪</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬達哈利主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Madkhalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬達哈利主義（页面不存在）">馬達哈利主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madkhalism" class="extiw" title="en:Madkhalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Madkhalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="努爾運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nur movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%AA%E7%88%BE%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="努爾運動（页面不存在）">努爾運動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Nur movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nur movement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩赫瓦運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sahwa movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E8%B5%AB%E7%93%A6%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩赫瓦運動（页面不存在）">薩赫瓦運動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahwa_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Sahwa movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sahwa movement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E6%AF%94%E6%B4%BE" title="瓦哈比派">瓦哈比派</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩拉菲主義和瓦哈比主義的國際傳播" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E8%8F%B2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%92%8C%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩拉菲主義和瓦哈比主義的國際傳播（页面不存在）">國際傳播</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism" class="extiw" title="en:International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩拉菲主義和瓦哈比主義的國際傳播 (按地區劃分)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E8%8F%B2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%92%8C%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD_(%E6%8C%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83%E5%88%86)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩拉菲主義和瓦哈比主義的國際傳播 (按地區劃分)（页面不存在）">按國家與地區劃分</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism_by_region" class="extiw" title="en:International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>政治性</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%89%B9" title="伊扎布特">伊扎布特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="伊朗伊斯蘭革命">伊朗伊斯蘭革命</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭大會黨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jamaat-e-Islami"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83%E9%BB%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭大會黨（页面不存在）">伊斯蘭大會黨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" class="extiw" title="en:Jamaat-e-Islami"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jamaat-e-Islami</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%84%BF%E6%99%AF" title="民族愿景">民族願景</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E6%9C%83" title="穆斯林兄弟會">穆斯林兄弟會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="巴基斯坦正義運動">巴基斯坦正義運動</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭政黨列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Islamic political parties"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭政黨列表（页面不存在）">伊斯蘭政黨列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties" class="extiw" title="en:List of Islamic political parties"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Islamic political parties</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <p><b>戰爭性</b> </p> <ul><li>伊斯蘭激進主義基地位於： <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模板:中東伊斯蘭激進主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Militant Islamism in the Middle East"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%BF%80%E9%80%B2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:中東伊斯蘭激進主義（页面不存在）">中東</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Militant Islamism in the Middle East"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Militant Islamism in the Middle East</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模板:南亞伊斯蘭激進主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%BF%80%E9%80%B2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:南亞伊斯蘭激進主義（页面不存在）">南亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_South_Asia" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模板:東南亞伊斯蘭激進主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Militant Islamism in Southeast Asia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%BF%80%E9%80%B2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:東南亞伊斯蘭激進主義（页面不存在）">東南亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Southeast_Asia" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Militant Islamism in Southeast Asia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Militant Islamism in Southeast Asia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模板:撒哈拉以南非洲伊斯蘭激進主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%BF%80%E9%80%B2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:撒哈拉以南非洲伊斯蘭激進主義（页面不存在）">撒哈拉以南非洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;">重要作品</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈里發國或最高伊瑪目 (書籍)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate (book)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%96%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BC%8A%E7%91%AA%E7%9B%AE_(%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈里發國或最高伊瑪目 (書籍)（页面不存在）">哈里發國或最高伊瑪目</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Caliphate_or_the_Supreme_Imamate_(book)" class="extiw" title="en:The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate (book)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate (book)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%BE%BE" title="穆罕默德·拉希德·里达">拉希德·里達 (1922年)</a>）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教宗教思想的重建" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教宗教思想的重建（页面不存在）">伊斯蘭教宗教思想的重建</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reconstruction_of_Religious_Thought_in_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92" title="穆罕默德·伊克巴勒">伊克巴勒 (1930年代)</a>）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教的國家和政府原則" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Principles of State and Government in Islam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教的國家和政府原則（页面不存在）">伊斯蘭教的國家和政府原則</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Principles_of_State_and_Government_in_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:The Principles of State and Government in Islam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Principles of State and Government in Islam</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆罕默德·阿薩德" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muhammad Asad"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%96%A9%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆罕默德·阿薩德（页面不存在）">阿薩德 (1961年)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" class="extiw" title="en:Muhammad Asad"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muhammad Asad</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%A0%87_(%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83)" title="路标 (赛义德·库特布)">路標</a>》（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83" title="赛义德·库特布">庫特布 (1965年)</a>）</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭政府 (書籍)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C_(%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭政府 (書籍)（页面不存在）">伊斯蘭政府</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Government:_Governance_of_the_Jurist" class="extiw" title="en:Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%9C%8D%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%BC" title="鲁霍拉·穆萨维·霍梅尼">霍梅尼 (1970年)</a>）</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;">國家元首</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%A2%85%E5%85%A7%E4%BC%8A" title="阿里·哈梅內伊">阿里·哈梅內伊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94" title="奥马尔·巴希尔">奥马尔·巴希尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%88%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%89%8E%E8%8F%B2" title="穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲">穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%9D%B0%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E4%BC%8A%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%AE%89" title="雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安">雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%9C%8D%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%BC" title="鲁霍拉·穆萨维·霍梅尼">鲁霍拉·穆萨维·霍梅尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%B0%94%E8%A5%BF" title="穆罕默德·穆尔西">穆罕默德·穆尔西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%BD%8A%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="穆罕默德·齊亞·哈克">穆罕默德·齊亞·哈克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E9%9B%85%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%B3%BD%E7%89%B9%E8%B4%9D%E6%88%88%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" title="阿利雅·伊泽特贝戈维奇">阿利雅·伊泽特贝戈维奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94" title="穆罕默德·奥马尔">穆罕默德·奥马尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%9C%B0%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="沙地王朝">沙地王朝</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塔尼家族" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="House of Thani"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔尼家族（页面不存在）">塔尼家族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Thani" class="extiw" title="en:House of Thani"><span lang="en" dir="auto">House of Thani</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%9B%BE%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%B4%AA%E6%89%8E%E8%BE%BE" title="海巴图拉·阿洪扎达">海巴圖拉·阿洪扎達</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;">重要思想家</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E4%BE%AF%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%BC" title="阿明·侯赛尼">阿明·侯賽尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E9%83%BD" title="穆罕默德·阿布都">穆罕默德·阿布都</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E8%BF%88%E5%8B%92%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E5%B0%BC" title="贾迈勒丁·阿富汗尼">賈邁勒丁·阿富汗尼</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡齊·侯賽因·艾哈邁德" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E9%BD%8A%C2%B7%E4%BE%AF%E8%B3%BD%E5%9B%A0%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E9%82%81%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡齊·侯賽因·艾哈邁德（页面不存在）">卡齊·侯賽因·艾哈邁德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" class="extiw" title="en:Qazi Hussain Ahmad"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆罕默德·纳西鲁丁·阿尔巴尼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E9%B2%81%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆罕默德·纳西鲁丁·阿尔巴尼（页面不存在）">穆罕默德·纳西鲁丁·阿尔巴尼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Nasiruddin_al-Albani" class="extiw" title="en:Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆罕默德·阿薩德" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muhammad Asad"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%96%A9%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆罕默德·阿薩德（页面不存在）">穆罕默德·阿薩德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" class="extiw" title="en:Muhammad Asad"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muhammad Asad</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%C2%B7%E7%8F%AD%E7%B4%8D" title="哈桑·班納">哈桑·班納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%AA%E5%B8%8C" title="拉希德·加努希">拉希德·加努希</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩夫瓦特·赫加茲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Safwat Hegazi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E5%A4%AB%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%8A%A0%E8%8C%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩夫瓦特·赫加茲（页面不存在）">薩夫瓦特·赫加茲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safwat_Hegazi" class="extiw" title="en:Safwat Hegazi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Safwat Hegazi</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92" title="穆罕默德·伊克巴勒">穆罕默德·伊克巴勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%A2%85%E5%85%A7%E4%BC%8A" title="阿里·哈梅內伊">阿里·哈梅內伊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%9C%8D%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%BC" title="鲁霍拉·穆萨维·霍梅尼">鲁霍拉·穆萨维·霍梅尼</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="內吉普·法齊爾·克薩庫雷克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Necip Fazıl Kısakürek"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E5%90%89%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E9%BD%8A%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%96%A9%E5%BA%AB%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內吉普·法齊爾·克薩庫雷克（页面不存在）">內吉普·法齊爾·克薩庫雷克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necip_Faz%C4%B1l_K%C4%B1sak%C3%BCrek" class="extiw" title="en:Necip Fazıl Kısakürek"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Necip Fazıl Kısakürek</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%AF%9B%E6%9D%9C%E8%BF%AA" title="阿布·阿拉·毛杜迪">阿布·阿拉·毛杜迪</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿布·哈桑·阿里·哈薩尼·納德維" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abul Hasan Nadwi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿布·哈桑·阿里·哈薩尼·納德維（页面不存在）">阿布·哈桑·阿里·哈薩尼·納德維</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Nadwi" class="extiw" title="en:Abul Hasan Nadwi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abul Hasan Nadwi</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%BA%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E5%8D%9C%E5%93%88%E5%B0%BC" title="塔基丁·纳卜哈尼">塔基丁·納卜哈尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E7%B4%A0%E7%A6%8F%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%83%AD%E8%BE%BE%E7%BB%B4" title="优素福·卡热达维">優素福·卡熱達維</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83" title="赛义德·库特布">賽義德·庫特布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%B9" title="塔里克·拉马丹">塔里克·拉馬丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80%E5%A1%94" title="阿塔·阿布·拉什塔">阿塔·阿布·拉什塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%BE%BE" title="穆罕默德·拉希德·里达">穆罕默德·拉希德·里達</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E6%B3%95%E7%B6%AD" title="納瓦布·薩法維">納瓦布·薩法維</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%92%82" title="阿里·沙里亚蒂">阿里·沙里亞蒂</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈吉·沙里亞圖拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Haji Shariatullah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%96%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈吉·沙里亞圖拉（页面不存在）">哈吉·沙里亞圖拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji_Shariatullah" class="extiw" title="en:Haji Shariatullah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Haji Shariatullah</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%9B%BE%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" title="哈桑·阿卜杜拉·图拉比">哈桑·阿卜杜拉·圖拉比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E8%BE%9B" title="艾哈迈德·亚辛">艾哈迈德·亚辛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E5%8D%9C" title="穆罕默德·伊本·阿卜杜勒·瓦哈卜">穆罕默德·伊本·阿卜杜勒·瓦哈卜</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;">批評</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對伊斯蘭主義的批評" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Criticism of Islamism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%A9%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對伊斯蘭主義的批評（页面不存在）">對伊斯蘭主義的批評</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" class="extiw" title="en:Criticism of Islamism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Criticism of Islamism</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%A9%95" title="對伊斯蘭教的批評">對伊斯蘭教的批評</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教內部的自由主義與進步主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E5%85%A7%E9%83%A8%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%88%87%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教內部的自由主義與進步主義（页面不存在）">伊斯蘭教內部的自由運動與改革運動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:Liberalism and progressivism within Islam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Liberalism and progressivism within Islam</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲伊斯蘭教的自由主義與進步主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Liberal and progressive Islam in Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%88%87%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲伊斯蘭教的自由主義與進步主義（页面不存在）">歐洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_and_progressive_Islam_in_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Liberal and progressive Islam in Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Liberal and progressive Islam in Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北美伊斯蘭教的自由主義與進步主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Liberal and progressive Islam in North America"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%88%87%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北美伊斯蘭教的自由主義與進步主義（页面不存在）">北美</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_and_progressive_Islam_in_North_America" class="extiw" title="en:Liberal and progressive Islam in North America"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Liberal and progressive Islam in North America</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈立德·阿布·法德爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Khaled Abu al-Fadl"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E7%AB%8B%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈立德·阿布·法德爾（页面不存在）">哈立德·阿布·法德爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Abu_al-Fadl" class="extiw" title="en:Khaled Abu al-Fadl"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Khaled Abu al-Fadl</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法拉格·福達" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Farag Foda"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E9%81%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法拉格·福達（页面不存在）">法拉格·福達</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farag_Foda" class="extiw" title="en:Farag Foda"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Farag Foda</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿卜杜勒瓦哈卜·梅德布" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abdelwahab Meddeb"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E5%8D%9C%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿卜杜勒瓦哈卜·梅德布（页面不存在）">阿卜杜勒瓦哈卜·梅德布</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelwahab_Meddeb" class="extiw" title="en:Abdelwahab Meddeb"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abdelwahab Meddeb</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑪麗亞姆·納馬齊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maryam Namazie"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%9E%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E7%B4%8D%E9%A6%AC%E9%BD%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪麗亞姆·納馬齊（页面不存在）">瑪麗亞姆·納馬齊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryam_Namazie" class="extiw" title="en:Maryam Namazie"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maryam Namazie</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%90%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%82%A3%E7%93%A6%E5%85%B9" title="马吉德·那瓦兹">馬吉德·那瓦茲</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奧利維爾·羅伊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Olivier Roy (professor)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧利維爾·羅伊（页面不存在）">奧利維爾·羅伊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivier_Roy_(professor)" class="extiw" title="en:Olivier Roy (professor)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Olivier Roy (professor)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴薩姆·蒂比" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bassam Tibi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%96%A9%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%92%82%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴薩姆·蒂比（页面不存在）">巴薩姆·蒂比</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassam_Tibi" class="extiw" title="en:Bassam Tibi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bassam Tibi</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Category:伊斯兰教">相關主題</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與現代性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islam and modernity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與現代性（页面不存在）">伊斯蘭教與現代性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_modernity" class="extiw" title="en:Islam and modernity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islam and modernity</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰现代主义">伊斯蘭現代主義</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與其他宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islam and other religions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與其他宗教（页面不存在）">伊斯蘭教與其他宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions" class="extiw" title="en:Islam and other religions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islam and other religions</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7%E7%97%87" title="伊斯兰恐惧症">伊斯兰恐惧症</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Allah-green.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教主题</a> </p> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Portal:政治">政治主题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6;padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%81%B4%E9%82%8A%E6%AC%84" title="Template:伊斯蘭主義側邊欄"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%81%B4%E9%82%8A%E6%AC%84" title="Template talk:伊斯蘭主義側邊欄"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%81%B4%E9%82%8A%E6%AC%84" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:伊斯蘭主義側邊欄"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>伊斯兰教政治</b>的相关理念多采用古兰经以及圣训中的思想。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="现代思想"><span id=".E7.8E.B0.E4.BB.A3.E6.80.9D.E6.83.B3"></span>现代思想</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：现代思想"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人权"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E6.9D.83"></span>人权</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：人权"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>伊斯兰教所宣传人权的根据，是真主启示的经典《古兰经》<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F)" title="伊斯兰国 (政权形式)">伊斯兰国 (政权形式)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100621000825/http://www.musilin.net.cn/2010/0611/43241.html">释读《古兰经》中的人权</a>. 中国清真网. 2010-06-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2010年7月19日]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musilin.net.cn/2010/0611/43241.html">原始内容</a>存档于2010年6月21日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span 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title="認主學">認主學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德">穆罕默德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5" title="伊斯蘭教的先知">先知</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF" title="伊斯兰教中的天使">天使</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E6%9B%B8" title="伊斯蘭教聖書">聖書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AE%BF%E5%91%BD%E8%AB%96" title="伊斯蘭教宿命論">宿命</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="審判日 (伊斯蘭教)" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="يوم القيامة في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%A9%E5%88%A4%E6%97%A5_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="審判日 (伊斯蘭教)（页面不存在）">審判日</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:يوم القيامة في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">يوم القيامة في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%8A%9F" title="五功">五功</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80" title="清真言">清真言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E6%8B%9C_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" title="礼拜 (伊斯兰教)">禮拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8B%E6%88%92_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)" title="齋戒 (伊斯蘭教)">齋戒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%AA%B2" title="天課">天課</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%A7%90_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" title="朝觐 (伊斯兰教)">朝覲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="伊斯兰教历史">歷史</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96" title="伊斯蘭教宗教領袖">領袖</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="伊斯蘭教歷史年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D" title="穆斯林的征服">征服</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="伊斯蘭黃金時代">伊斯蘭黃金時代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A3%94" title="聖裔">聖裔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%93%88%E5%B7%B4" title="薩哈巴">薩哈巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%91%AA%E7%9B%AE%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9" title="伊瑪目教義">什葉派伊瑪目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="哈里發國">哈里發國</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="正统哈里发时期">正統哈里發</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="倭马亚王朝">倭马亚王朝</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿拔斯王朝">阿拔斯王朝</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%9B%BD" title="科尔多瓦哈里发国">後倭馬亞王朝</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法蒂玛王朝</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼帝国</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教早期史學史" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="علم التاريخ عند المسلمين"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教早期史學史（页面不存在）">史學史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" class="extiw" title="ar:علم التاريخ عند المسلمين"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">علم التاريخ عند المسلمين</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">宗教經典</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="古兰经">古兰经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A1%8C" title="聖行">聖行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A8%93" title="聖訓">聖訓</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" title="伊斯蘭教派">教派</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派">遜尼派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="蘇非主義">蘇非主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E9%82%81%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿赫邁底亞">阿赫邁底亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="伊巴德派">伊巴德派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%8D%A8%E5%8F%A4%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93" title="唯獨古蘭經">唯獨古蘭經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="无教派穆斯林">無教派穆斯林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="伊斯兰民族">伊斯蘭民族</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="穆斯林世界">生活</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="伊斯兰文化">文化</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="伊斯蘭教與動物">動物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="伊斯蘭藝術">藝術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭曆">曆法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5" title="伊斯蘭教與兒童">兒童</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%AF%80%E6%97%A5" title="伊斯蘭教節日">節日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="清真寺">清真寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1" title="伊斯蘭學校">伊斯蘭學校</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰哲学">哲学</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">政治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭教與科學">科學</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的科學">中世紀</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" title="婦女與伊斯蘭教">婦女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="各国伊斯兰教">各国伊斯兰教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="法律法學" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95" title="伊斯蘭教法">法律</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭教法學">法學</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="伊斯兰经济">經濟</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="伊斯蘭銀行">銀行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭經濟史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Islamic economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭經濟史（页面不存在）">經濟史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics" class="extiw" title="en:History of Islamic economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Islamic economics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%82%B5%E5%88%B8" title="伊斯蘭債券">債券</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭保險" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="تكافل"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭保險（页面不存在）">保險</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84" class="extiw" title="ar:تكافل"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">تكافل</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆拉巴哈" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="مرابحة"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆拉巴哈（页面不存在）">成本加利潤融資</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:مرابحة"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">مرابحة</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4" title="里巴">利息</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭淨禮" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الطهارة في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%B7%A8%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭淨禮（页面不存在）">衛生</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:الطهارة في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الطهارة في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大淨" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="غسل (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B7%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大淨（页面不存在）">大淨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B3%D9%84_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:غسل (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">غسل (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咀嚼棒" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="سواك"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%80%E5%9A%BC%E6%A3%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咀嚼棒（页面不存在）">咀嚼棒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83" class="extiw" title="ar:سواك"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">سواك</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E6%B4%81_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="不洁 (伊斯兰教)">不潔</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="代淨" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="تيمم"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E6%B7%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="代淨（页面不存在）">代淨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:تيمم"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">تيمم</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A6%82%E5%BB%81%E7%A6%AE%E5%84%80" title="伊斯蘭如廁禮儀">如廁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%B7%A8" title="小淨">小淨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭家事法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islamic family jurisprudence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭家事法（页面不存在）">家事</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_family_jurisprudence" class="extiw" title="en:Islamic family jurisprudence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islamic family jurisprudence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭婚姻法學">婚姻</a></li><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="性與伊斯蘭教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="فقه النكاح"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="性與伊斯蘭教（页面不存在）">性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AD" class="extiw" title="ar:فقه النكاح"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">فقه النكاح</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈亞" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="حياء"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈亞（页面不存在）">廉恥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" class="extiw" title="ar:حياء"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">حياء</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭婚約" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="عقد الزواج في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A9%9A%E7%B4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭婚約（页面不存在）">婚約</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:عقد الزواج في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">عقد الزواج في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E4%BA%A5%E7%88%BE" title="麥亥爾">麥亥爾</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬然" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="محرم (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E7%84%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬然（页面不存在）">馬然</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:محرم (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">محرم (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭婚姻法學">終身婚姻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E5%AF%86%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="私密临时婚姻">臨時婚姻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E7%B4%8D_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)" title="齊納 (伊斯蘭教)">非法性行為</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="成年 (伊斯蘭教)" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="بلوغ (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E5%B9%B4_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成年 (伊斯蘭教)（页面不存在）">成年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:بلوغ (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">بلوغ (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭刑事法學">刑事</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="清真屠宰" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="ذبح حلال"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%B1%A0%E5%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清真屠宰（页面不存在）">清真屠宰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" class="extiw" title="ar:ذبح حلال"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">ذبح حلال</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E7%B1%B3" title="齐米">齊米</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="塔拉克">離婚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%90%88%E6%95%99%E8%A6%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)" title="符合教規的食物 (伊斯蘭教)">飲食</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教倫理" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="أخلاق إسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教倫理（页面不存在）">倫理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:أخلاق إسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">أخلاق إسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E9%81%94%E5%8D%9C" title="艾達卜">禮儀</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麦希尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maisir"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A6%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麦希尔（页面不存在）">賭博</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisir" class="extiw" title="en:Maisir"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maisir</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="性別隔離與伊斯蘭教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="حكم الاختلاط في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="性別隔離與伊斯蘭教（页面不存在）">性別隔離</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:حكم الاختلاط في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">حكم الاختلاط في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E6%8B%9C_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" title="礼拜 (伊斯兰教)">尊稱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E7%B9%BC%E6%89%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭繼承法學">繼承</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E8%8C%B2%E4%BA%9E" title="吉茲亞">吉茲亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭領導權" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islamic leadership"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%A0%98%E5%B0%8E%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭領導權（页面不存在）">領導權</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_leadership" class="extiw" title="en:Islamic leadership"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islamic leadership</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8" title="伊斯蘭教與奴隸">奴隸</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭軍事法學" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="فقه عسكري إسلامي"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭軍事法學（页面不存在）">軍事</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:فقه عسكري إسلامي"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">فقه عسكري إسلامي</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戰俘與伊斯蘭教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prisoners of war in Islam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戰俘與伊斯蘭教（页面不存在）">戰俘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:Prisoners of war in Islam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prisoners of war in Islam</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教法源" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="مصادر التشريع الإسلامي"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教法源（页面不存在）">法源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:مصادر التشريع الإسلامي"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">مصادر التشريع الإسلامي</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="依巴代" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="العبادة في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%9D%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="依巴代（页面不存在）">宗教禮儀法學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:العبادة في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">العبادة في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰教义学">教義學</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="_伊斯蘭研究" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span style="padding-left: 2.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭研究">伊斯蘭研究</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="伊斯蘭藝術">藝術</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%B4%8B%E6%A8%A3" title="阿拉伯紋樣">阿拉伯式花紋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="伊斯蘭建築">建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="伊斯兰书法">書法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%92%E6%9E%97" title="伊斯蘭園林">園林</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭幾何圖形" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="زخارف هندسية إسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%96%E5%BD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭幾何圖形（页面不存在）">幾何圖形</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:زخارف هندسية إسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">زخارف هندسية إسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭音樂" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الموسيقى في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭音樂（页面不存在）">音樂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:الموسيقى في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الموسيقى في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭陶器" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="خزف إسلامي"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭陶器（页面不存在）">陶器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:خزف إسلامي"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">خزف إسلامي</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的科學">中世紀科學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的煉金術" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الخيمياء والكيمياء في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%85%89%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的煉金術（页面不存在）">煉金術及化學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الخيمياء والكيمياء في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الخيمياء والكيمياء في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="中古伊斯蘭天文學">天文學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的宇宙學" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="علم الكونيات في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的宇宙學（页面不存在）">宇宙學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:علم الكونيات في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">علم الكونيات في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的地理與地圖學" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الجغرافيا في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%88%87%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的地理與地圖學（页面不存在）">地理與地圖學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الجغرافيا في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الجغرافيا في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭黃金時代的數學">數學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="中世纪伊斯兰世界的医学">醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的物理" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الفيزياء في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的物理（页面不存在）">物理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الفيزياء في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الفيزياء في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭哲學">哲學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="早期伊斯蘭哲學" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="فلسفة إسلامية مبكرة"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期伊斯蘭哲學（页面不存在）">早期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:فلسفة إسلامية مبكرة"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">فلسفة إسلامية مبكرة</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="當代伊斯蘭哲學" data-lang-code="fa" data-lang-name="波斯語" data-foreign-title="فلسفه اسلامی معاصر"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="當代伊斯蘭哲學（页面不存在）">當代</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">波斯語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="fa:فلسفه اسلامی معاصر"><span lang="fa" dir="auto">فلسفه اسلامی معاصر</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96" title="伊斯蘭教末世論">末世論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰教义学">教義學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的占星術" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="التنجيم في الإسلام خلال العصور الوسطى"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的占星術（页面不存在）">占星術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%89" class="extiw" title="ar:التنجيم في الإسلام خلال العصور الوسطى"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">التنجيم في الإسلام خلال العصور الوسطى</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與演化論" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="نظرة الإسلام للتطور"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與演化論（页面不存在）">演化論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:نظرة الإسلام للتطور"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">نظرة الإسلام للتطور</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="伊斯蘭女性主義">女性主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%99%BC%E6%98%8E" title="伊斯蘭世界的發明">發明</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭自由主義與進步主義" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="ليبرالية إسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%88%87%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭自由主義與進步主義（页面不存在）">自由主義與進步主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:ليبرالية إسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">ليبرالية إسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭文學" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="أدب إسلامي"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭文學（页面不存在）">文學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:أدب إسلامي"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">أدب إسلامي</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭詩歌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islamic poetry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭詩歌（页面不存在）">詩歌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Islamic poetry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islamic poetry</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的心理學" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="علم النفس في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的心理學（页面不存在）">心理學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:علم النفس في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">علم النفس في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E4%B9%8C%E6%AF%94%E8%80%B6" title="舒乌比耶">舒烏比耶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非穆斯林場所改造成清真寺" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="تحويل دور العبادة غير الإسلامية إلى مساجد"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%B4%E6%89%80%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E6%88%90%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非穆斯林場所改造成清真寺（页面不存在）">改造成清真寺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF" class="extiw" title="ar:تحويل دور العبادة غير الإسلامية إلى مساجد"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">تحويل دور العبادة غير الإسلامية إلى مساجد</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="_其他" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span style="padding-left: 2.5em;"> </span>其他</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與其他宗教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الإسلام والأديان الأخرى"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與其他宗教（页面不存在）">其他宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89" class="extiw" title="ar:الإسلام والأديان الأخرى"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الإسلام والأديان الأخرى</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="伊斯蘭教與基督教關係">基督教</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與摩門教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الإسلام والمورمونية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E6%91%A9%E9%96%80%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與摩門教（页面不存在）">摩門教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الإسلام والمورمونية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الإسلام والمورمونية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與新教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="البروتستانتية والإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與新教（页面不存在）">新教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:البروتستانتية والإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">البروتستانتية والإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度教與伊斯蘭教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="العلاقات الهندوسية الإسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度教與伊斯蘭教（页面不存在）">印度教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:العلاقات الهندوسية الإسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">العلاقات الهندوسية الإسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與耆那教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الإسلام والجاينية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與耆那教（页面不存在）">耆那教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الإسلام والجاينية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الإسلام والجاينية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與猶太教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الإسلام واليهودية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與猶太教（页面不存在）">猶太教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الإسلام واليهودية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الإسلام واليهودية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與錫克教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الإسلام والسيخية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E9%8C%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與錫克教（页面不存在）">錫克教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الإسلام والسيخية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الإسلام والسيخية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%9B%E6%95%99_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)" title="叛教 (伊斯蘭教)">叛教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="各國叛離伊斯蘭教的情況" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Apostasy in Islam by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%9B%E9%9B%A2%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%B3%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各國叛離伊斯蘭教的情況（页面不存在）">各國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Apostasy in Islam by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Apostasy in Islam by country</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前穆斯林" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ex-Muslims"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前穆斯林（页面不存在）">前穆斯林</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex-Muslims" class="extiw" title="en:Ex-Muslims"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ex-Muslims</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前穆斯林列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of former Muslims"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前穆斯林列表（页面不存在）">列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_Muslims" class="extiw" title="en:List of former Muslims"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of former Muslims</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前穆斯林組織" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of ex-Muslim organisations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前穆斯林組織（页面不存在）">組織</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ex-Muslim_organisations" class="extiw" title="en:List of ex-Muslim organisations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of ex-Muslim organisations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">相關主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%A9%95" title="對伊斯蘭教的批評">對伊斯蘭教的批評</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%8E%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84" title="对于穆罕默德的批评">穆罕默德</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對古蘭經的批評" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="نقد القرآن"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E5%8F%A4%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%A9%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對古蘭經的批評（页面不存在）">古蘭經</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86" class="extiw" title="ar:نقد القرآن"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">نقد القرآن</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="文化穆斯林">文化穆斯林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰主义">伊斯蘭主義</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對伊斯蘭主義的批評" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="نقد الإسلاموية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%A9%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對伊斯蘭主義的批評（页面不存在）">批評</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:نقد الإسلاموية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">نقد الإسلاموية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="後伊斯蘭主義" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="ما بعد الإسلاموية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8C%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="後伊斯蘭主義（页面不存在）">後伊斯蘭主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:ما بعد الإسلاموية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">ما بعد الإسلاموية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="庫特布主義">庫特布主義</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7%E7%97%87" title="伊斯兰恐惧症">伊斯兰恐惧症</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭恐懼症相關事件列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Islamophobic incidents"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC%E7%97%87%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭恐懼症相關事件列表（页面不存在）">事件</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Islamophobic_incidents" class="extiw" title="en:List of Islamophobic incidents"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Islamophobic incidents</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="伊斯蘭恐怖主義">伊斯蘭恐怖主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與奇跡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islamic view of miracles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%A5%87%E8%B7%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與奇跡（页面不存在）">奇跡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_view_of_miracles" class="extiw" title="en:Islamic view of miracles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islamic view of miracles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與家庭暴力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islam and domestic violence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與家庭暴力（页面不存在）">家庭暴力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_domestic_violence" class="extiw" title="en:Islam and domestic violence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islam and domestic violence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與護理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nursing in Islam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E8%AD%B7%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與護理（页面不存在）">護士</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_in_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:Nursing in Islam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nursing in Islam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="對穆斯林的迫害">對穆斯林的迫害</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教象徵" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Symbols of Islam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教象徵（页面不存在）">象徵</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols_of_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:Symbols of Islam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Symbols of Islam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span 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