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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Therapeutic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Therapeutic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Therapeutic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Judicial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_SAP_scale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_SAP_scale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The SAP scale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_SAP_scale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_Offences_Definitive_Guideline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_Offences_Definitive_Guideline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Sexual Offences Definitive Guideline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_Offences_Definitive_Guideline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Copine" title="Copine">Copine</a>.</div> <p>The <b>COPINE scale</b> is a rating system created in Ireland and used in the United Kingdom to categorise the severity of images of child sex abuse.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scale was developed by staff at the COPINE ("Combating Paedophile Information Networks in Europe") project.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The COPINE Project was founded in 1997, and is based in the Department of Applied Psychology, <a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a>, Ireland. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COPINE_scale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Therapeutic">Therapeutic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COPINE_scale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Therapeutic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The COPINE scale was originally developed for therapeutic psychological purposes. </p><p>More specifically, it is used to distinguish between <a href="/wiki/Child_modeling_(erotic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Child modeling (erotic)">child erotica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a>. </p><p>Professor <a href="/wiki/Max_Taylor_(psychologist)" title="Max Taylor (psychologist)">Max Taylor</a>, one of the academics working for the COPINE project, stated: "The significance of this distinction is to emphasise the potential sexual qualities of a whole range of kinds of photographs (and other material as well) not all of which may meet <a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">obscenity</a> criteria."<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_Typology_2001_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_Typology_2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial">Judicial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COPINE_scale&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Judicial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1990s, the COPINE project at the University College Cork, in cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/Paedophile_Unit" title="Paedophile Unit">Paedophile Unit</a> of the London Metropolitan Police, developed a typology to categorize child abuse images for use in both research and law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-copine_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-copine-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ten-level typology was based on analysis of images available on websites and internet newsgroups. Other researchers have adopted similar ten-level scales.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor2001_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <caption><b>The COPINE Scale</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>1 </th> <th>Indicative </th> <td>Non-erotic and non-sexualized pictures showing children wearing either underwear or swimsuits from either commercial sources or family albums. Pictures of children playing in normal settings, in which the context or organization of pictures by the collector indicates inappropriateness. </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <th>Nudist </th> <td>Pictures of naked or semi-naked children in appropriate nudist settings, and from legitimate sources. </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <th>Erotic </th> <td>Surreptitiously taken photographs of children in play areas or other safe environments showing either underwear or varying degrees of nakedness. </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <th>Posing </th> <td>Deliberately posed pictures of children fully clothed, partially clothed or naked (where the amount, context and organization suggests sexual interest). </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <th>Erotic Posing </th> <td>Deliberately posed pictures of fully, partially clothed or naked children in sexualized or provocative poses. </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <th>Explicit Erotic Posing </th> <td>Pictures emphasizing genital areas, where the child is either naked, partially clothed or fully clothed. </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <th>Explicit Sexual Activity </th> <td>Pictures that depict touching, mutual and self-masturbation, oral sex and intercourse by a child, not involving an adult. </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <th>Assault </th> <td>Pictures of children being subject to a sexual assault, involving digital touching, involving an adult. </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <th>Gross Assault </th> <td>Grossly obscene pictures of sexual assault, involving penetrative sex, masturbation or oral sex, involving an adult. </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <th>Sadistic/Bestiality </th> <td>a. Pictures showing a child being tied, bound, beaten, whipped or otherwise subject to something that implies pain.<br /> <p>b. Pictures where an animal is involved in some form of sexual behavior with a child. </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_SAP_scale">The SAP scale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COPINE_scale&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The SAP scale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2002 case of <i>Regina v Oliver</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal of England and Wales">Court of Appeal of England and Wales</a><sup id="cite_ref-Oliver2002_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliver2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> established a scale by which indecent images of children could be "graded". The five point scale, established by the <a href="/wiki/Sentencing_Advisory_Panel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentencing Advisory Panel">Sentencing Advisory Panel</a> for England and Wales and adopted in 2002, is known as the <b>SAP scale</b>. It is based on COPINE terminology and is often mistakenly referred to as such.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <caption><b>The SAP Scale</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>1 </th> <td>Nudity or erotic posing with no sexual activity </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td>Sexual activity between children, or solo masturbation by a child </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td>Non-penetrative sexual activity between adult(s) and child(ren) </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td>Penetrative sexual activity between child(ren) and adult(s) </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td>Sadism or bestiality </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The SAP document gives a detailed explanation of how the COPINE scale was adapted. It also states that the COPINE scale was intended for therapeutic use and not designed for use in court. Examination of the categories will show that categories 2–5 of the SAP scale obviously correspond to categories 7–10 of the COPINE scale. Category 1 of the SAP scale seems to correspond vaguely to categories 4–6 of the COPINE scale. COPINE category 1 (indicative) was left off the SAP scale because "images of this nature would not be classed as indecent." The board found COPINE categories 2 & 3 to be disputable as to whether or not they can be classified as indecent.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_Offences_Definitive_Guideline">Sexual Offences Definitive Guideline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COPINE_scale&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sexual Offences Definitive Guideline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 April 2014, a new scale, replacing the SAP scale, was adopted for sentencing in England and Wales for crimes relating to indecent images of children, put into place by page 75 of the Sentencing Council's Sexual Offences Definitive Guideline.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <caption> <b>Sexual Offences Definitive Guideline</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> <p>Category A </p> </th> <td>Images involving penetrative sexual activity and/or images involving sexual activity with an animal or sadism </td></tr> <tr> <th> <p>Category B </p> </th> <td>Images involving non-penetrative sexual activity </td></tr> <tr> <th> <p>Category C </p> </th> <td>Other indecent images not falling within categories A or B </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COPINE_scale&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_pornography" title="Internet pornography">Internet pornography</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COPINE_scale&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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.id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1969/46/section/1">"Family Law Reform Act 1969"</a>. <i>/www.legislation.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817160857/http://www.popcenter.org/problems/child_pornography/PDFs/Taylor_etal_2001.pdf">"Typology of Paedophile Picture Collections"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Police Journal</i>. <b>74</b> (2): 97–107. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0032258X0107400202">10.1177/0032258X0107400202</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148756344">148756344</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popcenter.org/problems/child_pornography/PDFs/Taylor_etal_2001.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-08-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The COPINE Project". <i>Irish Probation Journal</i>. <b>5</b>. Probation Board for Northern Ireland. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1649-6396">1649-6396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Probation+Journal&rft.atitle=The+COPINE+Project&rft.volume=5&rft.date=2008-09&rft.issn=1649-6396&rft.aulast=Quayle&rft.aufirst=Ethel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOPINE+scale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor2001-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor2001_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorQuayle,_E.Holland,_G.2001" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, M.; Quayle, E.; Holland, G. (2001). "Child Pornography, the Internet and Offending". <i>The Canadian Journal of Policy Research</i>. <b>2</b>. ISUMA: 94–100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Journal+of+Policy+Research&rft.atitle=Child+Pornography%2C+the+Internet+and+Offending&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=94-100&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Quayle%2C+E.&rft.au=Holland%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOPINE+scale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oliver2002-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oliver2002_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151215230115/http://www.inquisition21.com/pca_1978/reference/oliver2002.html">"R v Oliver (2002) the Times 6 Dec 2002"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inquisition21.com/pca_1978/reference/oliver2002.html">the original</a> on 2015-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R+v+Oliver+%282002%29+the+Times+6+Dec+2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inquisition21.com%2Fpca_1978%2Freference%2Foliver2002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOPINE+scale" class="Z3988"></span> case summary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evidence-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVella" class="citation cs2">Vella, Paul, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902210908/http://www.1gis.co.uk/img/evidence.pdf">"Understanding Computer Evidence"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Evidence Matters</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1gis.co.uk/img/evidence.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-09-02<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-21</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evidence+Matters&rft.atitle=Understanding+Computer+Evidence&rft.aulast=Vella&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1gis.co.uk%2Fimg%2Fevidence.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOPINE+scale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sentencingcouncil.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Sexual-offences-definitive-guideline-Web.pdf">"Sentencing Council - Sexual Offences Definitive Guideline"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>SentencingCouncil.org.uk</i>. Sentencing Council. April 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SentencingCouncil.org.uk&rft.atitle=Sentencing+Council+-+Sexual+Offences+Definitive+Guideline&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sentencingcouncil.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FSexual-offences-definitive-guideline-Web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOPINE+scale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwf.org.uk/hotline/assessment-levels">"Assessment Levels"</a>. <i>IWF</i>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Watch_Foundation" title="Internet Watch Foundation">Internet Watch Foundation</a> (IWF)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IWF&rft.atitle=Assessment+Levels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwf.org.uk%2Fhotline%2Fassessment-levels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOPINE+scale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COPINE_scale&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/en/equayle/">COPINE Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071129132438/http://copine.ie/">old link COPINE project (archived)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424081502/http://www.sentencing-guidelines.gov.uk/docs/advice_child_porn.pdf">Sentencing Guidelines (England and Wales)</a> (This sentencing advice is from 2002 and has been superseded by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100509070737/http://www.sentencing-guidelines.gov.uk/docs/0000_SexualOffencesAct1.pdf">Sexual Offenses Sentencing Guidelines</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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States">Legal objections to pornography in the United States</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Nigeria" title="Motion picture content rating system">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Films_and_Publications_Act,_1996" title="Films and Publications Act, 1996">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_advisory_rating_system" title="Brazilian advisory rating system">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Chile" title="Motion picture content rating system">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity#Canada" title="Obscenity">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Colombia" title="Motion picture content rating system">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Jamaica" title="Motion picture content rating system">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Mexico" title="Motion picture content rating system">Mexico</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="US" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:center;;width:1%">US</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipornography_Civil_Rights_Ordinance" title="Antipornography Civil Rights Ordinance">Antipornography Civil Rights Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Online_Protection_Act" title="Child Online Protection Act">Child Online Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Protection_and_Obscenity_Enforcement_Act" title="Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act">Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_Records" title="Custodian of Records">Custodian of Records</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Protection_Restoration_and_Penalties_Enhancement_Act_of_1990" title="Child Protection Restoration and Penalties Enhancement Act of 1990">Child Protection Restoration and Penalties Enhancement Act of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Decency_Act" title="Communications Decency Act">Communications Decency Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_Victims_Compensation_Act" title="Pornography Victims Compensation Act">Pornography Victims Compensation Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Radio_and_Television_Administration" title="National Radio and Television Administration">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Film_Certification" title="Central Board of Film Certification">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_Law_(Indonesia)" title="Pornography Law (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_motion_picture_rating_system#Legal_requirements" title="Hong Kong motion picture rating system">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Kazakhstan" title="Motion picture content rating system">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirin" title="Eirin">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_Censorship_Board_of_Malaysia" title="Film Censorship Board of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Maldives" title="Motion picture content rating system">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Film_Censors" title="Central Board of Film Censors">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movie_and_Television_Review_and_Classification_Board" title="Movie and Television Review and Classification Board">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information#Statutory_boards" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Information">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Media_Rating_Board" title="Korea Media Rating Board">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Information_Office" title="Government Information Office">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_constitution_of_Thailand" title="2007 constitution of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Turkey#Legal_status" title="Pornography in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#United_Arab_Emirates" title="Motion picture content rating system">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Bulgaria" title="Motion picture content rating system">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Demark" title="Motion picture content rating system">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Estonia" title="Motion picture content rating system">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Finland" title="Motion picture content rating system">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#France" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Greece" title="Motion picture content rating system">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Film_Classification_Office" title="Irish Film Classification Office">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Latvia" title="Motion picture content rating system">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Malta" title="Motion picture content rating system">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_for_the_Classification_of_Audiovisual_Media" title="Netherlands Institute for the Classification of Audiovisual Media">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Media_Authority" title="Norwegian Media Authority">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Poland" title="Motion picture content rating system">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Portugal" title="Motion picture content rating system">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Spain" title="Motion picture content rating system">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Sweden" title="Motion picture content rating system">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="UK" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:center;;width:1%">UK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiovisual_Media_Services_Regulations_2014" title="Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2014">Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Obscenity_and_Film_Censorship" title="Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship">Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscene_Publications_Act_1959" title="Obscene Publications Act 1959">Obscene Publications Act 1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_63_of_the_Criminal_Justice_and_Immigration_Act_2008" title="Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008">Possession of Extreme Pornographic Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Recordings_Act_2010" title="Video Recordings Act 2010">Video Recordings Act 2010</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Classification_Board#Organizations" title="Australian Classification Board">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Film_and_Literature_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Film and Literature Classification">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Booksellers_Ass%27n,_Inc._v._Hudnut" title="American Booksellers Ass'n, Inc. v. Hudnut">American Booksellers v. Hudnut</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People_v._Freeman" title="People v. Freeman">California v. Freeman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jacobellis_v._Ohio" title="Jacobellis v. Ohio">Jacobellis v. Ohio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miller_v._California" title="Miller v. California">Miller v. California</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Butler" title="R v Butler">R v Butler</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Glad_Day_Bookshops_Inc" title="R v Glad Day Bookshops Inc">R v Glad Day Bookshops Inc</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Peacock" title="R v Peacock">R v Peacock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reno_v._American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union">Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Renton_v._Playtime_Theatres,_Inc." title="Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.">Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stanley_v._Georgia" title="Stanley v. Georgia">Stanley v. Georgia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Extreme_Associates,_Inc." title="United States v. Extreme Associates, Inc.">United States v. Extreme Associates</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Playboy_Entertainment_Group,_Inc." title="United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.">United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meese_Report" title="Meese Report">Meese Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Obscenity_and_Pornography" title="President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography">President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_child_pornography" title="Legality of child pornography">Child<br />pornography<br />laws</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_Australia" title="Child pornography laws in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_Canada" title="Child pornography laws in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Technology_Act,_2000" title="Information Technology Act, 2000">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_Japan" title="Child pornography laws in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_the_Netherlands" title="Child pornography laws in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_in_the_Philippines" title="Child pornography in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_Portugal" title="Child pornography laws in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Child pornography laws in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Child pornography laws in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Child_Pornography_Prevention_Act_of_1996" title="Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996">Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996</a></small></li> <li><small><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_v._Ferber" title="New York v. Ferber">New York v. Ferber</a></i></small></li> <li><small><i><a href="/wiki/Osborne_v._Ohio" title="Osborne v. Ohio">Osborne v. Ohio</a></i></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/PROTECT_Act_of_2003" title="PROTECT Act of 2003">PROTECT Act of 2003</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Williams_(2008)" title="United States v. Williams (2008)"><i>United States v. Williams</i></a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COPINE scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_child_pornography" title="Legality of child pornography">Debate regarding child pornography laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dost_test" title="Dost test"><i>Dost</i> test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_fictional_pornography_depicting_minors" title="Legal status of fictional pornography depicting minors">Legal status of drawn pornography depicting minors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optional_Protocol_on_the_Sale_of_Children,_Child_Prostitution_and_Child_Pornography" title="Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography">Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optional_Protocol_on_the_Sale_of_Children,_Child_Prostitution_and_Child_Pornography" title="Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography">Child Prostitution and Child Pornography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._X-Citement_Video,_Inc." title="United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc.">United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COPINE_scale&oldid=1223739781">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COPINE_scale&oldid=1223739781</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pornography_law" title="Category:Pornography law">Pornography law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rating_systems" title="Category:Rating systems">Rating systems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Child_pornography" title="Category:Child pornography">Child pornography</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 May 2024, at 01:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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