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var a = axel * 10000000000000; document.write('<iframe src="https://2542116.fls.doubleclick.net/activityi;src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=ord=' + a + '?" width="1" height="1" frameborder="0" style="display:none"></iframe>'); //]]> </script> <noscript> <img alt='' height='1' src='https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/activity/src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=1?' width='1'/> </noscript>  <div class='header-outer'> <div class='header-inner'> <div class='section' id='header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'> <div class='header-left'> <div class='header-title'> <a class='google-logo' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/'> <img height='50' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png'/> </a> <a href='/.'> <h2> Testing Blog </h2> </a> </div> <div class='header-desc'> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div>  <div class='cols-wrapper loading'> <div class='col-main-wrapper'> <div class='col-main'> <div class='section' id='main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='post' data-id='4545275800686762813' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/01/testing-on-toilet-change-detector-tests.html' itemprop='url' title='Testing on the Toilet: Change-Detector Tests Considered Harmful'> Testing on the Toilet: Change-Detector Tests Considered Harmful </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> Tuesday, January 27, 2015 </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> by Alex Eagle This article was adapted from a <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2007/01/introducing-testing-on-toilet.html">Google Testing on the Toilet</a> (TotT) episode. You can download a <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/13k8AsgYdF-2TJx9QIHHvPiuV3JMbsrMLkWmmjdYBLVg/edit?usp=sharing">printer-friendly version</a> of this TotT episode and post it in your office. You have just finished refactoring some code without modifying its behavior. Then you run the tests before committing and… a bunch of unit tests are failing. While fixing the tests, you get a sense that you are wasting time by mechanically applying the same transformation to many tests. Maybe you introduced a parameter in a method, and now must update 100 callers of that method in tests to pass an empty string. What does it look like to write tests mechanically? Here is an absurd but obvious way: <pre style="background: rgb(207, 226, 243); border-color: rgb(123, 123, 123); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">// Production code: def abs(i: Int) return (i < 0) ? i * -1 : i // Test code: for (line: String in File(prod_source).read_lines()) switch (line.number) 1: assert line.content equals "def abs(i: Int)" 2: assert line.content equals " return (i < 0) ? i * -1 : i"</pre> That test is clearly not useful: it contains an exact copy of the code under test and acts like a checksum. A correct or incorrect program is equally likely to pass a test that is a derivative of the code under test. No one is really writing tests like that, but how different is it from this next example? <pre style="background: rgb(207, 226, 243); border-color: rgb(123, 123, 123); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">// Production code: def process(w: Work) firstPart.process(w) secondPart.process(w) // Test code: part1 = mock(FirstPart) part2 = mock(SecondPart) w = Work() Processor(part1, part2).process(w) verify_in_order was_called part1.process(w) was_called part2.process(w)</pre> It is tempting to write a test like this because it requires little thought and will run quickly. This is a change-detector test—it is a transformation of the same information in the code under test—and it breaks in response to any change to the production code, without verifying correct behavior of either the original or modified production code. Change detectors provide negative value, since the tests do not catch any defects, and the added maintenance cost slows down development. These tests should be re-written or deleted. <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </script> <noscript> by Alex Eagle This article was adapted from a <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2007/01/introducing-testing-on-toilet.html">Google Testing on the Toilet</a> (TotT) episode. You can download a <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/13k8AsgYdF-2TJx9QIHHvPiuV3JMbsrMLkWmmjdYBLVg/edit?usp=sharing">printer-friendly version</a> of this TotT episode and post it in your office. You have just finished refactoring some code without modifying its behavior. Then you run the tests before committing and… a bunch of unit tests are failing. While fixing the tests, you get a sense that you are wasting time by mechanically applying the same transformation to many tests. Maybe you introduced a parameter in a method, and now must update 100 callers of that method in tests to pass an empty string. What does it look like to write tests mechanically? Here is an absurd but obvious way: <pre style="background: rgb(207, 226, 243); border-color: rgb(123, 123, 123); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">// Production code: def abs(i: Int) return (i < 0) ? i * -1 : i // Test code: for (line: String in File(prod_source).read_lines()) switch (line.number) 1: assert line.content equals "def abs(i: Int)" 2: assert line.content equals " return (i < 0) ? i * -1 : i"</pre> That test is clearly not useful: it contains an exact copy of the code under test and acts like a checksum. A correct or incorrect program is equally likely to pass a test that is a derivative of the code under test. No one is really writing tests like that, but how different is it from this next example? <pre style="background: rgb(207, 226, 243); border-color: rgb(123, 123, 123); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">// Production code: def process(w: Work) firstPart.process(w) secondPart.process(w) // Test code: part1 = mock(FirstPart) part2 = mock(SecondPart) w = Work() Processor(part1, part2).process(w) verify_in_order was_called part1.process(w) was_called part2.process(w)</pre> It is tempting to write a test like this because it requires little thought and will run quickly. This is a change-detector test—it is a transformation of the same information in the code under test—and it breaks in response to any change to the production code, without verifying correct behavior of either the original or modified production code. Change detectors provide negative value, since the tests do not catch any defects, and the added maintenance cost slows down development. These tests should be re-written or deleted. <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:Testing on the Toilet: Change-Detector Tests Considered Harmful&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/01/testing-on-toilet-change-detector-tests.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </div> <div class='comment-container'>  <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/01/testing-on-toilet-change-detector-tests.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>2 comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/01/testing-on-toilet-change-detector-tests.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> Labels: <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/Alex%20Eagle' rel='tag'> Alex Eagle </a> , <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/TotT' rel='tag'> TotT </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='2069055255582286813' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/01/testing-on-toilet-prefer-testing-public.html' itemprop='url' title='Testing on the Toilet: Prefer Testing Public APIs Over Implementation-Detail Classes'> Testing on the Toilet: Prefer Testing Public APIs Over Implementation-Detail Classes </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> Wednesday, January 14, 2015 </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> by Andrew Trenk This article was adapted from a <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2007/01/introducing-testing-on-toilet.html">Google Testing on the Toilet</a> (TotT) episode. You can download a <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ILEpaxZ9ntMEXNQuL-q4jWHF0QOAMo45elmomn29cZg/edit?usp=sharing">printer-friendly version</a> of this TotT episode and post it in your office. Does this class need to have tests? <pre style="background: #d9ead3; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">class UserInfoValidator { public void validate(UserInfo info) { if (info.getDateOfBirth().isInFuture()) { throw new ValidationException()); } } }</pre> Its method has some logic, so it may be good idea to test it. But what if its only user looks like this? <pre style="background: #d9ead3; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">public class UserInfoService { private UserInfoValidator validator; public void save(UserInfo info) { validator.validate(info); // Throw an exception if the value is invalid. writeToDatabase(info); } }</pre> The answer is: it probably doesn’t need tests, since all paths can be tested through UserInfoService. The key distinction is that the class is an implementation detail, not a public API. A public API can be called by any number of users, who can pass in any possible combination of inputs to its methods. You want to make sure these are well-tested, which ensures users won’t see issues when they use the API. Examples of public APIs include classes that are used in a different part of a codebase (e.g., a server-side class that’s used by the client-side) and common utility classes that are used throughout a codebase. An implementation-detail class exists only to support public APIs and is called by a very limited number of users (often only one). These classes can sometimes be tested indirectly by testing the public APIs that use them. Testing implementation-detail classes is still useful in many cases, such as if the class is complex or if the tests would be difficult to write for the public API class. When you do test them, they often don’t need to be tested in as much depth as a public API, since some inputs may never be passed into their methods (in the above code sample, if UserInfoService ensured that UserInfo were never null, then it wouldn’t be useful to test what happens when null is passed as an argument to UserInfoValidator.validate, since it would never happen). Implementation-detail classes can sometimes be thought of as private methods that happen to be in a separate class, since you typically don’t want to test private methods directly either. You should also try to restrict the visibility of implementation-detail classes, such as by making them package-private in Java. Testing implementation-detail classes too often leads to a couple problems: - Code is harder to maintain since you need to update tests more often, such as when changing a method signature of an implementation-detail class or even when doing a refactoring. If testing is done only through public APIs, these changes wouldn’t affect the tests at all. - If you test a behavior only through an implementation-detail class, you may get false confidence in your code, since the same code path may not work properly when exercised through the public API. You also have to be more careful when refactoring, since it can be harder to ensure that all the behavior of the public API will be preserved if not all paths are tested through the public API. <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </script> <noscript> by Andrew Trenk This article was adapted from a <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2007/01/introducing-testing-on-toilet.html">Google Testing on the Toilet</a> (TotT) episode. You can download a <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ILEpaxZ9ntMEXNQuL-q4jWHF0QOAMo45elmomn29cZg/edit?usp=sharing">printer-friendly version</a> of this TotT episode and post it in your office. Does this class need to have tests? <pre style="background: #d9ead3; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">class UserInfoValidator { public void validate(UserInfo info) { if (info.getDateOfBirth().isInFuture()) { throw new ValidationException()); } } }</pre> Its method has some logic, so it may be good idea to test it. But what if its only user looks like this? <pre style="background: #d9ead3; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">public class UserInfoService { private UserInfoValidator validator; public void save(UserInfo info) { validator.validate(info); // Throw an exception if the value is invalid. writeToDatabase(info); } }</pre> The answer is: it probably doesn’t need tests, since all paths can be tested through UserInfoService. The key distinction is that the class is an implementation detail, not a public API. A public API can be called by any number of users, who can pass in any possible combination of inputs to its methods. You want to make sure these are well-tested, which ensures users won’t see issues when they use the API. Examples of public APIs include classes that are used in a different part of a codebase (e.g., a server-side class that’s used by the client-side) and common utility classes that are used throughout a codebase. An implementation-detail class exists only to support public APIs and is called by a very limited number of users (often only one). These classes can sometimes be tested indirectly by testing the public APIs that use them. Testing implementation-detail classes is still useful in many cases, such as if the class is complex or if the tests would be difficult to write for the public API class. When you do test them, they often don’t need to be tested in as much depth as a public API, since some inputs may never be passed into their methods (in the above code sample, if UserInfoService ensured that UserInfo were never null, then it wouldn’t be useful to test what happens when null is passed as an argument to UserInfoValidator.validate, since it would never happen). Implementation-detail classes can sometimes be thought of as private methods that happen to be in a separate class, since you typically don’t want to test private methods directly either. You should also try to restrict the visibility of implementation-detail classes, such as by making them package-private in Java. Testing implementation-detail classes too often leads to a couple problems: - Code is harder to maintain since you need to update tests more often, such as when changing a method signature of an implementation-detail class or even when doing a refactoring. If testing is done only through public APIs, these changes wouldn’t affect the tests at all. - If you test a behavior only through an implementation-detail class, you may get false confidence in your code, since the same code path may not work properly when exercised through the public API. You also have to be more careful when refactoring, since it can be harder to ensure that all the behavior of the public API will be preserved if not all paths are tested through the public API. <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:Testing on the Toilet: Prefer Testing Public APIs Over Implementation-Detail Classes&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/01/testing-on-toilet-prefer-testing-public.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </div> <div class='comment-container'>  <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/01/testing-on-toilet-prefer-testing-public.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>6 comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/01/testing-on-toilet-prefer-testing-public.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> Labels: <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/Andrew%20Trenk' rel='tag'> Andrew Trenk </a> , <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/TotT' rel='tag'> TotT </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='6651793442349240032' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/12/testing-on-toilet-truth-fluent.html' itemprop='url' title='Testing on the Toilet: Truth: a fluent assertion framework'> Testing on the Toilet: Truth: a fluent assertion framework </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> Friday, December 19, 2014 </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> by Dori Reuveni and Kurt Alfred Kluever This article was adapted from a <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2007/01/introducing-testing-on-toilet.html">Google Testing on the Toilet</a> (TotT) episode. You can download a <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TyLthjSGeELWVloxx2hI9l57pNRSN4UVAaNdB7H4Ctg/edit?usp=sharing">printer-friendly version</a> of this TotT episode and post it in your office. As engineers, we spend most of our time reading existing code, rather than writing new code. Therefore, we must make sure we always write clean, readable code. The same goes for our tests; we need a way to clearly express our test assertions. Truth is an open source, fluent testing framework for Java designed to make your test assertions and failure messages more readable. The fluent API makes reading (and writing) test assertions much more natural, prose-like, and discoverable in your IDE via autocomplete. For example, compare how the following assertion reads with JUnit vs. Truth: <pre style="background: #cfe2f3; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">assertEquals("March", monthMap.get(3)); // JUnit assertThat(monthMap).containsEntry(3, "March"); // Truth</pre> Both statements are asserting the same thing, but the assertion written with Truth can be easily read from left to right, while the JUnit example requires "mental backtracking". Another benefit of Truth over JUnit is the addition of useful default failure messages. For example: <pre style="background: #cfe2f3; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">ImmutableSet<String> colors = ImmutableSet.of("red", "green", "blue", "yellow"); assertTrue(colors.contains("orange")); // JUnit assertThat(colors).contains("orange"); // Truth</pre> In this example, both assertions will fail, but JUnit will not provide a useful failure message. However, Truth will provide a clear and concise failure message: AssertionError: <[red, green, blue, yellow]> should have contained <orange> Truth already supports specialized assertions for most of the common JDK types (Objects, primitives, arrays, Strings, Classes, Comparables, Iterables, Collections, Lists, Sets, Maps, etc.), as well as some Guava types (Optionals). Additional support for other popular types is planned as well (Throwables, Iterators, Multimaps, UnsignedIntegers, UnsignedLongs, etc.). Truth is also user-extensible: you can easily write a Truth subject to make fluent assertions about your own custom types. By creating your own custom subject, both your assertion API and your failure messages can be domain-specific. Truth's goal is not to replace JUnit assertions, but to improve the readability of complex assertions and their failure messages. JUnit assertions and Truth assertions can (and often do) live side by side in tests. To get started with Truth, check out <a href="http://google.github.io/truth/">http://google.github.io/truth/</a> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </script> <noscript> by Dori Reuveni and Kurt Alfred Kluever This article was adapted from a <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2007/01/introducing-testing-on-toilet.html">Google Testing on the Toilet</a> (TotT) episode. You can download a <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TyLthjSGeELWVloxx2hI9l57pNRSN4UVAaNdB7H4Ctg/edit?usp=sharing">printer-friendly version</a> of this TotT episode and post it in your office. As engineers, we spend most of our time reading existing code, rather than writing new code. Therefore, we must make sure we always write clean, readable code. The same goes for our tests; we need a way to clearly express our test assertions. Truth is an open source, fluent testing framework for Java designed to make your test assertions and failure messages more readable. The fluent API makes reading (and writing) test assertions much more natural, prose-like, and discoverable in your IDE via autocomplete. For example, compare how the following assertion reads with JUnit vs. Truth: <pre style="background: #cfe2f3; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">assertEquals("March", monthMap.get(3)); // JUnit assertThat(monthMap).containsEntry(3, "March"); // Truth</pre> Both statements are asserting the same thing, but the assertion written with Truth can be easily read from left to right, while the JUnit example requires "mental backtracking". Another benefit of Truth over JUnit is the addition of useful default failure messages. For example: <pre style="background: #cfe2f3; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">ImmutableSet<String> colors = ImmutableSet.of("red", "green", "blue", "yellow"); assertTrue(colors.contains("orange")); // JUnit assertThat(colors).contains("orange"); // Truth</pre> In this example, both assertions will fail, but JUnit will not provide a useful failure message. However, Truth will provide a clear and concise failure message: AssertionError: <[red, green, blue, yellow]> should have contained <orange> Truth already supports specialized assertions for most of the common JDK types (Objects, primitives, arrays, Strings, Classes, Comparables, Iterables, Collections, Lists, Sets, Maps, etc.), as well as some Guava types (Optionals). Additional support for other popular types is planned as well (Throwables, Iterators, Multimaps, UnsignedIntegers, UnsignedLongs, etc.). Truth is also user-extensible: you can easily write a Truth subject to make fluent assertions about your own custom types. By creating your own custom subject, both your assertion API and your failure messages can be domain-specific. Truth's goal is not to replace JUnit assertions, but to improve the readability of complex assertions and their failure messages. JUnit assertions and Truth assertions can (and often do) live side by side in tests. To get started with Truth, check out <a href="http://google.github.io/truth/">http://google.github.io/truth/</a> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:Testing on the Toilet: Truth: a fluent assertion framework&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/12/testing-on-toilet-truth-fluent.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </div> <div class='comment-container'>  <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/12/testing-on-toilet-truth-fluent.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>10 comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/12/testing-on-toilet-truth-fluent.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> Labels: <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/Dori%20Reuveni' rel='tag'> Dori Reuveni </a> , <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/Kurt%20Alfred%20Kluever' rel='tag'> Kurt Alfred Kluever </a> , <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/TotT' rel='tag'> TotT </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='6330532562729532191' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/12/gtac-2014-wrap-up.html' itemprop='url' title='GTAC 2014 Wrap-up'> GTAC 2014 Wrap-up </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> Thursday, December 04, 2014 </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> by <a href="http://anthonyvallone.com/">Anthony Vallone</a> on behalf of the GTAC Committee On October 28th and 29th, <a href="https://developers.google.com/google-test-automation-conference/2014/">GTAC 2014</a>, the eighth GTAC (Google Test Automation Conference), was held at the beautiful <a href="//www.google.com/about/careers/locations/seattle-kirkland/">Google Kirkland office</a>. The conference was completely packed with presenters and attendees from all over the world (Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, many European countries, India, Israel, Korea, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Russia, Taiwan, and many US states), bringing with them a huge diversity of experiences. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9N0Wj4eoXstsSLqFQwabk46fo1vx5TxWpnrEimwA-diqEudhKkWg_g-SQzAio07RllM5RJ0HgaYmCYCZxBZPHKY6EniTrQ4oboiwQxDGgkausR0Hufn37A6VLz2ewbyTEpQsR/s1600/gtac-reception.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9N0Wj4eoXstsSLqFQwabk46fo1vx5TxWpnrEimwA-diqEudhKkWg_g-SQzAio07RllM5RJ0HgaYmCYCZxBZPHKY6EniTrQ4oboiwQxDGgkausR0Hufn37A6VLz2ewbyTEpQsR/s1600/gtac-reception.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> Speakers from numerous companies and universities (Adobe, American Express, Comcast, Dropbox, Facebook, FINRA, Google, HP, Medidata Solutions, Mozilla, Netflix, Orange, and University of Waterloo) spoke on a variety of interesting and cutting edge test automation topics. All of the <a href="https://developers.google.com/google-test-automation-conference/2014/presentations">slides and video recordings</a> are now available on the GTAC site. Photos will be available soon as well. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibAvrBYTtK6aTIyG9Ye8sRZIqY1leHqA__PFS6VzscrSZGmmEQmD1T_aal7l1TPCPE9FJ3lRuss7mN5QevHC_nMPNL5RrnSzBkMfB-jIZmiXcNH9eyV3hi8OsNY9ZNET2oJ0vI/s1600/gtac-crowd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibAvrBYTtK6aTIyG9Ye8sRZIqY1leHqA__PFS6VzscrSZGmmEQmD1T_aal7l1TPCPE9FJ3lRuss7mN5QevHC_nMPNL5RrnSzBkMfB-jIZmiXcNH9eyV3hi8OsNY9ZNET2oJ0vI/s1600/gtac-crowd.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> This was our most popular GTAC to date, with over 1,500 applicants and almost 200 of those for speaking. About 250 people filled our venue to capacity, and the live stream had a peak of about 400 concurrent viewers with 4,700 playbacks during the event. And, there was plenty of interesting <a href="https://twitter.com/search?q=%23gtac2014">Twitter</a> and <a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/explore/gtac2014">Google+</a> activity during the event. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3PD1V8fNOwkqtc9bps1VdJEKeufodsvYCFsIYQBdnTz2YJnV2ERkz8bGymtDj5BR0zuniYNp_4TbCbt00XIqBbys3-y59-aCFZJeBcW4_Zn3vGkiOk_lTJbm2RgGEVNCbR6HQ/s1600/gtac-eat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3PD1V8fNOwkqtc9bps1VdJEKeufodsvYCFsIYQBdnTz2YJnV2ERkz8bGymtDj5BR0zuniYNp_4TbCbt00XIqBbys3-y59-aCFZJeBcW4_Zn3vGkiOk_lTJbm2RgGEVNCbR6HQ/s1600/gtac-eat.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> Our goal in hosting GTAC is to make the conference highly relevant and useful for, not only attendees, but the larger test engineering community as a whole. Our post-conference survey shows that we are close to achieving that goal: <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYZ0Dc45Z9sOrr0qyMYrtR8MaSkBv2-1s1t6V0Vrg_1IGCk7J49T5knwc5SQ-Mzi6vnBA-XQreDSgVdvh50Pbl26O58ScX0T-wDD7vQ_wEFHN3NnHBSzWQcTxj8oKUC3SkFBR9/s1600/gtac-stats.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYZ0Dc45Z9sOrr0qyMYrtR8MaSkBv2-1s1t6V0Vrg_1IGCk7J49T5knwc5SQ-Mzi6vnBA-XQreDSgVdvh50Pbl26O58ScX0T-wDD7vQ_wEFHN3NnHBSzWQcTxj8oKUC3SkFBR9/s1600/gtac-stats.png" width="640" /></a></div> If you have any suggestions on how we can improve, please comment on this post. Thank you to all the <a href="https://developers.google.com/google-test-automation-conference/2014/speakers">speakers</a>, attendees, and online viewers who made this a special event once again. To receive announcements about the next GTAC, subscribe to the <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/">Google Testing Blog</a>. <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </script> <noscript> by <a href="http://anthonyvallone.com/">Anthony Vallone</a> on behalf of the GTAC Committee On October 28th and 29th, <a href="https://developers.google.com/google-test-automation-conference/2014/">GTAC 2014</a>, the eighth GTAC (Google Test Automation Conference), was held at the beautiful <a href="//www.google.com/about/careers/locations/seattle-kirkland/">Google Kirkland office</a>. The conference was completely packed with presenters and attendees from all over the world (Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, many European countries, India, Israel, Korea, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Russia, Taiwan, and many US states), bringing with them a huge diversity of experiences. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9N0Wj4eoXstsSLqFQwabk46fo1vx5TxWpnrEimwA-diqEudhKkWg_g-SQzAio07RllM5RJ0HgaYmCYCZxBZPHKY6EniTrQ4oboiwQxDGgkausR0Hufn37A6VLz2ewbyTEpQsR/s1600/gtac-reception.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9N0Wj4eoXstsSLqFQwabk46fo1vx5TxWpnrEimwA-diqEudhKkWg_g-SQzAio07RllM5RJ0HgaYmCYCZxBZPHKY6EniTrQ4oboiwQxDGgkausR0Hufn37A6VLz2ewbyTEpQsR/s1600/gtac-reception.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> Speakers from numerous companies and universities (Adobe, American Express, Comcast, Dropbox, Facebook, FINRA, Google, HP, Medidata Solutions, Mozilla, Netflix, Orange, and University of Waterloo) spoke on a variety of interesting and cutting edge test automation topics. All of the <a href="https://developers.google.com/google-test-automation-conference/2014/presentations">slides and video recordings</a> are now available on the GTAC site. Photos will be available soon as well. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibAvrBYTtK6aTIyG9Ye8sRZIqY1leHqA__PFS6VzscrSZGmmEQmD1T_aal7l1TPCPE9FJ3lRuss7mN5QevHC_nMPNL5RrnSzBkMfB-jIZmiXcNH9eyV3hi8OsNY9ZNET2oJ0vI/s1600/gtac-crowd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibAvrBYTtK6aTIyG9Ye8sRZIqY1leHqA__PFS6VzscrSZGmmEQmD1T_aal7l1TPCPE9FJ3lRuss7mN5QevHC_nMPNL5RrnSzBkMfB-jIZmiXcNH9eyV3hi8OsNY9ZNET2oJ0vI/s1600/gtac-crowd.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> This was our most popular GTAC to date, with over 1,500 applicants and almost 200 of those for speaking. About 250 people filled our venue to capacity, and the live stream had a peak of about 400 concurrent viewers with 4,700 playbacks during the event. And, there was plenty of interesting <a href="https://twitter.com/search?q=%23gtac2014">Twitter</a> and <a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/explore/gtac2014">Google+</a> activity during the event. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3PD1V8fNOwkqtc9bps1VdJEKeufodsvYCFsIYQBdnTz2YJnV2ERkz8bGymtDj5BR0zuniYNp_4TbCbt00XIqBbys3-y59-aCFZJeBcW4_Zn3vGkiOk_lTJbm2RgGEVNCbR6HQ/s1600/gtac-eat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3PD1V8fNOwkqtc9bps1VdJEKeufodsvYCFsIYQBdnTz2YJnV2ERkz8bGymtDj5BR0zuniYNp_4TbCbt00XIqBbys3-y59-aCFZJeBcW4_Zn3vGkiOk_lTJbm2RgGEVNCbR6HQ/s1600/gtac-eat.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> Our goal in hosting GTAC is to make the conference highly relevant and useful for, not only attendees, but the larger test engineering community as a whole. Our post-conference survey shows that we are close to achieving that goal: <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYZ0Dc45Z9sOrr0qyMYrtR8MaSkBv2-1s1t6V0Vrg_1IGCk7J49T5knwc5SQ-Mzi6vnBA-XQreDSgVdvh50Pbl26O58ScX0T-wDD7vQ_wEFHN3NnHBSzWQcTxj8oKUC3SkFBR9/s1600/gtac-stats.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYZ0Dc45Z9sOrr0qyMYrtR8MaSkBv2-1s1t6V0Vrg_1IGCk7J49T5knwc5SQ-Mzi6vnBA-XQreDSgVdvh50Pbl26O58ScX0T-wDD7vQ_wEFHN3NnHBSzWQcTxj8oKUC3SkFBR9/s1600/gtac-stats.png" width="640" /></a></div> If you have any suggestions on how we can improve, please comment on this post. Thank you to all the <a href="https://developers.google.com/google-test-automation-conference/2014/speakers">speakers</a>, attendees, and online viewers who made this a special event once again. To receive announcements about the next GTAC, subscribe to the <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/">Google Testing Blog</a>. <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:GTAC 2014 Wrap-up&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/12/gtac-2014-wrap-up.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </div> <div class='comment-container'>  <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/12/gtac-2014-wrap-up.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>No comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/12/gtac-2014-wrap-up.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> Labels: <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/Anthony%20Vallone' rel='tag'> Anthony Vallone </a> , <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/GTAC' rel='tag'> GTAC </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='9109027229271952901' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/11/protractor-angular-testing-made-easy.html' itemprop='url' title='Protractor: Angular testing made easy'> Protractor: Angular testing made easy </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> Sunday, November 30, 2014 </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> By Hank Duan, Julie Ralph, and Arif Sukoco in Seattle Have you worked with WebDriver but been frustrated with all the waits needed for WebDriver to sync with the website, causing flakes and prolonged test times? If you are working with AngularJS apps, then Protractor is the right tool for you. Protractor (<a href="http://protractortest.org/">protractortest.org</a>) is an end-to-end test framework specifically for AngularJS apps. It was built by a team in Google and released to open source. Protractor is built on top of WebDriverJS and includes important improvements tailored for AngularJS apps. Here are some of Protractor’s key benefits: <ul style="line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <li>You don’t need to add waits or sleeps to your test. Protractor can communicate with your AngularJS app automatically and execute the next step in your test the moment the webpage finishes pending tasks, so you don’t have to worry about waiting for your test and webpage to sync. </li> <li>It supports Angular-specific locator strategies (e.g., binding, model, repeater) as well as native WebDriver locator strategies (e.g., ID, CSS selector, XPath). This allows you to test Angular-specific elements without any setup effort on your part. </li> <li>It is easy to set up page objects. Protractor does not execute WebDriver commands until an action is needed (e.g., get, sendKeys, click). This way you can set up page objects so tests can manipulate page elements without touching the HTML. </li> <li>It uses Jasmine, the framework you use to write AngularJS unit tests, and Javascript, the same language you use to write AngularJS apps.</li> </ul> Follow these simple steps, and in minutes, you will have you first Protractor test running: 1) Set up environment Install the command line tools ‘protractor’ and ‘webdriver-manager’ using npm: <pre style="background: #f0f0f0; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">npm install -g protractor</pre> Start up an instance of a selenium server: <pre style="background: #f0f0f0; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">webdriver-manager update & webdriver-manager start</pre> This downloads the necessary binary, and starts a new webdriver session listening on <a href="http://localhost:4444/">http://localhost:4444</a>. 2) Write your test <pre style="background: #f0f0f0; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">// It is a good idea to use page objects to modularize your testing logic var angularHomepage = { nameInput : element(by.model('yourName')), greeting : element(by.binding('yourName')), get : function() { browser.get('index.html'); }, setName : function(name) { this.nameInput.sendKeys(name); } }; // Here we are using the Jasmine test framework // See http://jasmine.github.io/2.0/introduction.html for more details describe('angularjs homepage', function() { it('should greet the named user', function(){ angularHomepage.get(); angularHomepage.setName('Julie'); expect(angularHomepage.greeting.getText()). toEqual('Hello Julie!'); }); });</pre> 3) Write a Protractor configuration file to specify the environment under which you want your test to run: <pre style="background: #f0f0f0; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">exports.config = { seleniumAddress: 'http://localhost:4444/wd/hub', specs: ['testFolder/*'], multiCapabilities: [{ 'browserName': 'chrome', // browser-specific tests specs: 'chromeTests/*' }, { 'browserName': 'firefox', // run tests in parallel shardTestFiles: true }], baseUrl: 'http://www.angularjs.org', };</pre> 4) Run the test: Start the test with the command: <pre style="background: #f0f0f0; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">protractor conf.js</pre> The test output should be: <pre style="background: #f0f0f0; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">1 test, 1 assertions, 0 failures</pre> If you want to learn more, here’s a full tutorial that highlights all of Protractor’s features: <a href="http://angular.github.io/protractor/#/tutorial">http://angular.github.io/protractor/#/tutorial </a> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </script> <noscript> By Hank Duan, Julie Ralph, and Arif Sukoco in Seattle Have you worked with WebDriver but been frustrated with all the waits needed for WebDriver to sync with the website, causing flakes and prolonged test times? If you are working with AngularJS apps, then Protractor is the right tool for you. Protractor (<a href="http://protractortest.org/">protractortest.org</a>) is an end-to-end test framework specifically for AngularJS apps. It was built by a team in Google and released to open source. Protractor is built on top of WebDriverJS and includes important improvements tailored for AngularJS apps. Here are some of Protractor’s key benefits: <ul style="line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <li>You don’t need to add waits or sleeps to your test. Protractor can communicate with your AngularJS app automatically and execute the next step in your test the moment the webpage finishes pending tasks, so you don’t have to worry about waiting for your test and webpage to sync. </li> <li>It supports Angular-specific locator strategies (e.g., binding, model, repeater) as well as native WebDriver locator strategies (e.g., ID, CSS selector, XPath). This allows you to test Angular-specific elements without any setup effort on your part. </li> <li>It is easy to set up page objects. Protractor does not execute WebDriver commands until an action is needed (e.g., get, sendKeys, click). This way you can set up page objects so tests can manipulate page elements without touching the HTML. </li> <li>It uses Jasmine, the framework you use to write AngularJS unit tests, and Javascript, the same language you use to write AngularJS apps.</li> </ul> Follow these simple steps, and in minutes, you will have you first Protractor test running: 1) Set up environment Install the command line tools ‘protractor’ and ‘webdriver-manager’ using npm: <pre style="background: #f0f0f0; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">npm install -g protractor</pre> Start up an instance of a selenium server: <pre style="background: #f0f0f0; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">webdriver-manager update & webdriver-manager start</pre> This downloads the necessary binary, and starts a new webdriver session listening on <a href="http://localhost:4444/">http://localhost:4444</a>. 2) Write your test <pre style="background: #f0f0f0; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">// It is a good idea to use page objects to modularize your testing logic var angularHomepage = { nameInput : element(by.model('yourName')), greeting : element(by.binding('yourName')), get : function() { browser.get('index.html'); }, setName : function(name) { this.nameInput.sendKeys(name); } }; // Here we are using the Jasmine test framework // See http://jasmine.github.io/2.0/introduction.html for more details describe('angularjs homepage', function() { it('should greet the named user', function(){ angularHomepage.get(); angularHomepage.setName('Julie'); expect(angularHomepage.greeting.getText()). toEqual('Hello Julie!'); }); });</pre> 3) Write a Protractor configuration file to specify the environment under which you want your test to run: <pre style="background: #f0f0f0; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">exports.config = { seleniumAddress: 'http://localhost:4444/wd/hub', specs: ['testFolder/*'], multiCapabilities: [{ 'browserName': 'chrome', // browser-specific tests specs: 'chromeTests/*' }, { 'browserName': 'firefox', // run tests in parallel shardTestFiles: true }], baseUrl: 'http://www.angularjs.org', };</pre> 4) Run the test: Start the test with the command: <pre style="background: #f0f0f0; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">protractor conf.js</pre> The test output should be: <pre style="background: #f0f0f0; border-color: #7b7b7b; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: black; overflow: auto; padding: 10px;">1 test, 1 assertions, 0 failures</pre> If you want to learn more, here’s a full tutorial that highlights all of Protractor’s features: <a href="http://angular.github.io/protractor/#/tutorial">http://angular.github.io/protractor/#/tutorial </a> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:Protractor: Angular testing made easy&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/11/protractor-angular-testing-made-easy.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </div> <div class='comment-container'>  <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2014/11/protractor-angular-testing-made-easy.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>1 comment</a> </div> <div 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href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2013/01/'> Jan </a> (2) </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2012/'> 2012 </a> (11) <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2012/12/'> Dec </a> (1) </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2012/11/'> Nov </a> (2) </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2012/10/'> Oct </a> (3) </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> 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class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/'> 2010 </a> (37) <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/12/'> Dec </a> (3) </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/11/'> Nov </a> (3) </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/10/'> Oct </a> (4) </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' 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href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2009/02/'> Feb </a> (5) </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2009/01/'> Jan </a> (4) </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/'> 2008 </a> (75) <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/12/'> Dec </a> (6) </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/11/'> Nov </a> (8) </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> 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style='margin-top: -16px;' width='92'/> </a> <ul> <li> <a href='//www.google.com/'> Google </a> </li> <li> <a href='//www.google.com/policies/privacy/'> Privacy </a> </li> <li> <a href='//www.google.com/policies/terms/'> Terms </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <script type='text/javascript'> //<![CDATA[ // Social sharing popups. var postEl = document.getElementsByClassName('social-wrapper'); var postCount = postEl.length; for(i=0; i<postCount;i++){ postEl[i].addEventListener("click", function(event){ var postUrl = this.getAttribute("data-href"); window.open( postUrl,'popUpWindow','height=500,width=500,left=10,top=10,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,toolbar=yes,menubar=no,location=no,directories=no,status=yes'); });} //]]> </script> <script type='text/javascript'> //<![CDATA[ var BreakpointHandler = function() { this.initted = false; this.isHomePage = false; this.isMobile = false; }; BreakpointHandler.prototype.finalizeSummary = function(summaryHtml, lastNode) { // Use $.trim for IE8 compatibility summaryHtml = $.trim(summaryHtml).replace(/( |\s)+$/,''); if (lastNode.nodeType == 3) { var lastChar = summaryHtml.slice(-1); if (!lastChar.match(/[.”"?]/)) { if (!lastChar.match(/[A-Za-z]/)) { summaryHtml = summaryHtml.slice(0, -1); } summaryHtml += ' ...'; } } else if (lastNode.nodeType == 1 && (lastNode.nodeName == 'I' || lastNode.nodeName == 'A')) { summaryHtml += ' ...'; } return summaryHtml; }; BreakpointHandler.prototype.generateSummaryFromContent = function(content, numWords) { var seenWords = 0; var summaryHtml = ''; for (var i=0; i < content.childNodes.length; i++) { var node = content.childNodes[i]; var nodeText; if (node.nodeType == 1) { if (node.hasAttribute('data-about-pullquote')) { continue; } nodeText = node.textContent; if (nodeText === undefined) { // innerText for IE8 nodeText = node.innerText; } if (node.nodeName == 'DIV' || node.nodeName == 'B') { // Don't end early if we haven't seen enough words. if (seenWords < 10) { continue; } if (i > 0) { summaryHtml = this.finalizeSummary(summaryHtml, content.childNodes[i-1]); } break; } summaryHtml += node.outerHTML; } else if (node.nodeType == 3) { nodeText = node.nodeValue; summaryHtml += nodeText + ' '; } var words = nodeText.match(/\S+\s*/g); if (!words) { continue; } var remain = numWords - seenWords; if (words.length >= remain) { summaryHtml = this.finalizeSummary(summaryHtml, node); break; } seenWords += words.length; } return summaryHtml; }; BreakpointHandler.prototype.detect = function() { var match, pl = /\+/g, search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g, decode = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(pl, " ")); }, query = window.location.search.substring(1); var urlParams = {}; while (match = search.exec(query)) urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]); this.isListPage = $('html').hasClass('list-page'); this.isMobile = urlParams['m'] === '1'; this.isHomePage = window.location.pathname == '/'; }; BreakpointHandler.prototype.initContent = function() { var self = this; $('.post').each(function(index) { var body = $(this).children('.post-body')[0]; var content = $(body).children('.post-content')[0]; $(content).addClass('post-original'); var data = $(content).children('script').html(); data = self.rewriteForSSL(data); // If exists, extract specified editor's preview. var match = data.match(/([\s\S]+?)<div data-is-preview.+?>([\s\S]+)<\/div>/m); if (match) { data = match[1]; } // Prevent big images from loading when they aren't needed. // This must be done as a pre-injection step, since image loading can't be // canceled once embedded into the DOM. if (self.isListPage && self.isMobile) { data = data.replace(/<(img|iframe) .+?>/g, ''); } // Insert template to be rendered as nodes. content.innerHTML = data; if (self.isListPage) { var summary = document.createElement('div'); $(summary).addClass('post-content'); $(summary).addClass('post-summary'); body.insertBefore(summary, content); if (match) { // Use provided summary. summary.innerHTML = match[2]; } else { // Generate a summary. // Summary generation relies on DOM, so it must occur after content is // inserted into the page. summary.innerHTML = self.generateSummaryFromContent(content, 30); } // Add read more link to summary. var titleAnchor = $(this).find('.title a')[0]; var link = titleAnchor.cloneNode(true); link.innerHTML = 'Read More'; $(link).addClass('read-more'); summary.appendChild(link); } }); // Firefox does not allow for proper styling of BR. if (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Firefox') > -1) { $('.post-content br').replaceWith(''); } $('.loading').removeClass('loading'); }; BreakpointHandler.prototype.process = function() { if (!this.initted) { var makeInsecureImageRegex = function(hosts) { var whitelist = hosts.join('|').replace(/\./g,'\\.'); // Normal image tags, plus input images (yes, this is possible!) return new RegExp('(<(img|input)[^>]+?src=("|\'))http:\/\/(' + whitelist +')', 'g'); }; this.sslImageRegex = makeInsecureImageRegex(BreakpointHandler.KNOWN_HTTPS_HOSTS); this.sslImageCurrentDomainRegex = makeInsecureImageRegex([window.location.hostname]); this.detect(); this.initContent(); this.initted = true; } }; BreakpointHandler.KNOWN_HTTPS_HOSTS = [ "www.google.org", "www.google.com", "services.google.com", "blogger.com", "draft.blogger.com", "www.blogger.com", "photos1.blogger.com", "photos2.blogger.com", "photos3.blogger.com", "blogblog.com", "img1.blogblog.com", "img2.blogblog.com", "www.blogblog.com", "www1.blogblog.com", "www2.blogblog.com", "0.bp.blogspot.com", "1.bp.blogspot.com", "2.bp.blogspot.com", "3.bp.blogspot.com", "4.bp.blogspot.com", "lh3.googleusercontent.com", "lh4.googleusercontent.com", "lh5.googleusercontent.com", "lh6.googleusercontent.com", "themes.googleusercontent.com", ]; BreakpointHandler.prototype.rewriteForSSL = function(html) { // Handle HTTP -> HTTPS source replacement of images, movies, and other embedded content. return html.replace(this.sslImageRegex, '$1https://$4') .replace(this.sslImageCurrentDomainRegex, '$1//$4') .replace(/(<(embed|iframe)[^>]+?src=("|'))http:\/\/([^"']*?(youtube|picasaweb\.google)\.com)/g, '$1https://$4') // Slideshow SWF takes a image host, so we need to rewrite that parameter. .replace(/(<embed[^>]+?feed=http(?=[^s]))/g, '$1s'); }; $(document).ready(function() { var handler = new BreakpointHandler(); handler.process(); // Top-level navigation. $(".BlogArchive .tab").click(function(ev) { ev.preventDefault(); $(this).parent().toggleClass('active'); $(this).siblings().slideToggle(300); }); $(".Label .tab").click(function(ev) { ev.preventDefault(); $(this).parent().toggleClass('active'); $(this).siblings().slideToggle(300); }); // Blog archive year expansion. $('.BlogArchive .intervalToggle').click(function(ev) { ev.preventDefault(); if ($(this).parent().hasClass('collapsed')) { $(this).parent().removeClass('collapsed'); $(this).parent().addClass('expanded'); } else { $(this).parent().removeClass('expanded'); $(this).parent().addClass('collapsed'); } }); // Reverse order of months. $('.BlogArchive .intervalToggle + div').each(function(_, items) { var year = $(this); year.children().each(function(_, month) { year.prepend(month); }); }); // Set anchors to open in new tab. $('.post-content img').parent().each(function(_, node) { if (node.nodeName == 'A') { $(this).attr('target', '_blank'); } }); // Process search requests. $('.searchBox input').on("keypress", function(ev) { if (ev.which == 13) { window.location.href = 'https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3A' + window.location.hostname + '%20' + encodeURIComponent ($(this).val()); } }); }); (function($, window) { var archiveButton = $($('#sidebar .widget.BlogArchive h2')[0]); var folderIcon = $('#sidebar .widget.BlogArchive h2::after'); var archivePanel = $('#BlogArchive1'); archiveButton.click(function(e) { if (archivePanel.hasClass('archive-open')) { // It's open, so now we close it archivePanel.removeClass('archive-open'); archivePanel.addClass('archive-closed'); archiveButton.removeClass('archive-open'); archiveButton.addClass('archive-closed'); archivePanel.css('height', '60px'); } else { // It's closed, so open it archivePanel.removeClass('archive-closed'); archivePanel.addClass('archive-open'); archiveButton.removeClass('archive-closed'); archiveButton.addClass('archive-open'); archivePanel.css('height', 'auto'); folderIcon.css('content', 'https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggkDzi8QVSua_XxLOnfxWE_8nQc1MAhRPBxJej91JW2ZBbKvb2TjaNf66ZoTqCrBivwRr-TLJYxFm2ZAiMd-zfbJ0TjblXGvUszWFbdRncNOL7jseiJCL9uQoqN8BM8FpesdSw/s1600/keyboard_arrow_up_grey600_24dp.png'); } }); })($, window); (function ($, window, devsite) { devsite.devsite = {}; devsite.expandLeftNav = devsite.expandLeftNav || {}; devsite.expandLeftNav.ANALYTICS_LABEL_ = 'Hamburger menu'; devsite.expandLeftNav.ANALYTICS_ACTION_OPEN_ = 'Open'; devsite.expandLeftNav.ANALYTICS_ACTION_CLOSE_ = 'Close'; devsite.expandLeftNav.lastState_ = 0; devsite.expandLeftNav.chekovEnabled_ = false; devsite.expandLeftNav.init = function () { devsite.expandLeftNav.chekovEnabled_ = true; var navElement; if (devsite.expandLeftNav.chekovEnabled_) { navElement = $('.devsite-nav-responsive'); } else { navElement = $('.devsite-section-nav-responsive'); } this.drawerWidth = parseInt(navElement.css('width')); navElement.css({ 'left': -(this.drawerWidth) }); var expandButton = $('.devsite-expand-section-nav'); expandButton.click(function () { devsite.expandLeftNav.handleNavigationOpened(); }); navElement.find('.devsite-nav-responsive-forward').click( devsite.expandLeftNav.openPanel); navElement.find('.devsite-nav-responsive-back').click( devsite.expandLeftNav.closePanel); if ($('.devsite-nav-responsive-tabs-panel + ' + '.devsite-nav-responsive-sidebar-panel').length) { devsite.expandLeftNav.openPanel(); } }; devsite.expandLeftNav.handleNavigationOpened = function (opt_noAnimate) { var mask; if (devsite.expandLeftNav.chekovEnabled_) { var nav = $('.devsite-nav-responsive'); if (opt_noAnimate) { nav.addClass('devsite-nav-responsive-no-animate'); mask = devsite.devsite.showSiteMask(0); } else { mask = devsite.devsite.showSiteMask(); } nav.addClass('devsite-nav-responsive-open'); } else { devsite.expandLeftNav.lastState_ = devsite.sticky.currentState; devsite.sticky.setState(devsite.sticky.state.COLLAPSED_HEADER); var headerHeight = devsite.sticky.getHeaderHeight() - devsite.sticky.desiredMargin; var drawerHeight = $(window).height() - headerHeight; mask = devsite.devsite.showArticleMask(); $('.devsite-section-nav-responsive').css({ 'height': drawerHeight, 'left': '0', 'top': headerHeight, 'visibility': 'visible' }).focus(); } $(mask).click(devsite.expandLeftNav.handleNavigationClosed); $(document).on('keydown.escape', function (e) { if (e.keyCode == $.ui.keyCode.ESCAPE) { devsite.expandLeftNav.handleNavigationClosed(); $(document).off('keydown.escape'); } }); }; devsite.expandLeftNav.getScrollTop = function () { return 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