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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_union_of_the_crowns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_union_of_the_crowns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>After the union of the crowns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_union_of_the_crowns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stuarts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stuarts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Stuarts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stuarts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanoverians_and_Windsors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanoverians_and_Windsors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Hanoverians and Windsors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanoverians_and_Windsors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commonwealth_realms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commonwealth_realms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Commonwealth realms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commonwealth_realms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Current rules</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_rules-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current rules subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Marriages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treason" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treason"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Treason</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treason-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Accession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regency_Act_1937" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regency_Act_1937"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Regency Act 1937</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regency_Act_1937-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>General and cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Succession to the British throne</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britse_troonopvolging" title="Britse troonopvolging – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Britse troonopvolging" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="خط الخلافة على العرش البريطاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خط الخلافة على العرش البريطاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" title="ব্রিটিশ সিংহাসনের উত্তরাধিকারী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রিটিশ সিংহাসনের উত্তরাধিকারী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niz_nasljednika_britanske_krune" title="Niz nasljednika britanske krune – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Niz nasljednika britanske krune" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Successi%C3%B3_al_tron_brit%C3%A0nic" title="Successió al tron britànic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Successió al tron britànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linie_n%C3%A1slednictv%C3%AD_britsk%C3%A9ho_tr%C5%AFnu" title="Linie následnictví britského trůnu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Linie následnictví britského trůnu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thronfolge_(Vereinigtes_K%C3%B6nigreich)" title="Thronfolge (Vereinigtes Königreich) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thronfolge (Vereinigtes Königreich)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briti_troonip%C3%A4rimisj%C3%A4rjekord" title="Briti troonipärimisjärjekord – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Briti troonipärimisjärjekord" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Διαδοχή στον βρετανικό θρόνο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαδοχή στον βρετανικό θρόνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucesi%C3%B3n_al_trono_brit%C3%A1nico" title="Sucesión al trono británico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sucesión al trono británico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="جانشینی تاج‌وتخت بریتانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جانشینی تاج‌وتخت بریتانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_de_succession_au_tr%C3%B4ne_britannique" title="Ordre de succession au trône britannique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre de succession au trône britannique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacht_i_gcor%C3%B3in_Bhriotanach" title="Teacht i gcoróin Bhriotanach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teacht i gcoróin Bhriotanach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%99%95%EC%9C%84_%EA%B3%84%EC%8A%B9_%EC%88%9C%EC%9C%84" title="영국의 왕위 계승 순위 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영국의 왕위 계승 순위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="ब्रिटिश राजसत्ता का अनुक्रम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रिटिश राजसत्ता का अनुक्रम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pewaris_takhta_Kerajaan_Britania_Raya" title="Pewaris takhta Kerajaan Britania Raya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pewaris takhta Kerajaan Britania Raya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linea_di_successione_al_trono_britannico" title="Linea di successione al trono britannico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Linea di successione al trono britannico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99" title="סדר הירושה לכתר הבריטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סדר הירושה לכתר הבריטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%93ctec%C4%ABba_uz_Lielbrit%C4%81nijas_troni" title="Pēctecība uz Lielbritānijas troni – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pēctecība uz Lielbritānijas troni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit_tr%C3%B3n%C3%B6r%C3%B6kl%C3%A9si_rend" title="Brit trónöröklési rend – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brit trónöröklési rend" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pewarisan_takhta_British" title="Pewarisan takhta British – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pewarisan takhta British" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britse_troonopvolging" title="Britse troonopvolging – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Britse troonopvolging" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%8D%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E9%A0%86%E4%BD%8D" title="イギリス王位継承順位 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イギリス王位継承順位" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvef%C3%B8lgen_til_den_britiske_tronen" title="Arvefølgen til den britiske tronen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arvefølgen til den britiske tronen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_britiske_tronfylgja" title="Den britiske tronfylgja – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den britiske tronfylgja" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linia_sukcesji_do_brytyjskiego_tronu" title="Linia sukcesji do brytyjskiego tronu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Linia sukcesji do brytyjskiego tronu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linha_de_sucess%C3%A3o_ao_trono_brit%C3%A2nico" title="Linha de sucessão ao trono britânico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Linha de sucessão ao trono britânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_o_succession_tae_the_Breetish_throne" title="Line o succession tae the Breetish throne – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Line o succession tae the Breetish throne" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%A7_%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%85" title="බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය සිංහාසනයට උරුමක්‍රම පෙළ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය සිංහාසනයට උරුමක්‍රම පෙළ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sovereign%27s_Throne%2C_House_of_Lords.jpg/280px-Sovereign%27s_Throne%2C_House_of_Lords.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sovereign%27s_Throne%2C_House_of_Lords.jpg/420px-Sovereign%27s_Throne%2C_House_of_Lords.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sovereign%27s_Throne%2C_House_of_Lords.jpg/560px-Sovereign%27s_Throne%2C_House_of_Lords.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1750" /></a><figcaption>The Sovereign's Throne in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, from which <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">the speech</a> is delivered at the <a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">State Opening of Parliament</a></figcaption></figure> <style 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Inheritance" title="Category:Inheritance">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:115%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Orders of succession</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:lavender;font-size:125%;"> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchies</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Bahraini_throne" title="Succession to the Bahraini throne">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Belgian_throne" title="Succession to the Belgian throne">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Bhutanese_throne" title="Succession to the Bhutanese throne">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Bruneian_throne" title="Succession to the Bruneian throne">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Danish_throne" title="Succession to the Danish throne">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Swazi_throne" title="Succession to the Swazi throne">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Japanese_throne" title="Succession to the Japanese throne">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Jordanian_throne" title="Succession to the Jordanian throne">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Mosotho_throne" title="Succession to the Mosotho throne">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Liechtensteiner_throne" title="Succession to the Liechtensteiner throne">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Luxembourgish_throne" title="Succession to the Luxembourgish throne">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Malaysian_thrones" title="Succession to the Malaysian thrones">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Monegasque_throne" title="Succession to the Monegasque throne">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Moroccan_throne" title="Succession to the Moroccan throne">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Dutch_throne" title="Succession to the Dutch throne">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Norwegian_throne" title="Succession to the Norwegian throne">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Omani_throne" title="Succession to the Omani throne">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Saudi_Arabian_throne" title="Succession to the Saudi Arabian throne">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Spanish_throne" title="Succession to the Spanish throne">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Swedish_throne" title="Succession to the Swedish throne">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Palace_Law_of_Succession" title="1924 Palace Law of Succession">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Tongan_throne" title="Succession to the Tongan throne">Tonga</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom and Commonwealth realms</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchic_orders_of_succession" title="Template:Monarchic orders of succession"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchic_orders_of_succession" title="Template talk:Monarchic orders of succession"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchic_orders_of_succession" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchic orders of succession"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Succession to the British throne</b> is determined by descent, sex,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> legitimacy, and religion. Under <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest <a href="/wiki/Collateral_descendant" class="mw-redirect" title="Collateral descendant">collateral line</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">Bill of Rights 1689</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701" title="Act of Settlement 1701">Act of Settlement 1701</a> restrict succession to the throne to the legitimate Protestant descendants of <a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Hanover" title="Sophia of Hanover">Sophia of Hanover</a> who are in "<a href="/wiki/Communion_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communion (Christian)">communion</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-BM_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spouses of <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a> were disqualified from 1689 until the law was amended in 2015. Protestant descendants of those excluded for being Roman Catholics are eligible.<sup id="cite_ref-bogdanor_55_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bogdanor_55-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a> has been the sovereign since 2022, and his <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> is his elder son, <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a>. William's three children are next, in order of birth: <a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Wales" title="Prince George of Wales">Prince George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales_(born_2015)" title="Princess Charlotte of Wales (born 2015)">Princess Charlotte</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_of_Wales" title="Prince Louis of Wales">Prince Louis</a>. Fifth in line is <a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex">Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex</a>, the younger son of the King; sixth is Harry's elder child, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Archie_of_Sussex" title="Prince Archie of Sussex">Prince Archie</a>. Under the <a href="/wiki/Perth_Agreement" title="Perth Agreement">Perth Agreement</a>, which came into effect in 2015, only the first six in line of succession require the sovereign's consent before they marry; without such consent, they and their children would be disqualified from succession. </p><p>The United Kingdom is one of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign states">sovereign states</a> that share the same person as monarch and the same order of succession. In 2011, the prime ministers of the then-16 realms <a href="/wiki/Perth_Agreement" title="Perth Agreement">agreed unanimously</a> to amend the rules of succession. <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture#Male-preference_(cognatic)_primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">Male-preference (cognatic) primogeniture</a> was abandoned, meaning that males born after 28 October 2011 no longer precede females (elder sisters) in line, and the ban on marriages to Catholics was lifted. The monarch still needs to be in communion with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>. After the necessary legislation had been enacted in accordance with each realm's constitution, the changes took effect on 26 March 2015. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_line_of_succession">Current line of succession</h2></div> <p>No official, complete version of the line of succession is maintained. The exact number, in more remote collateral lines, of the people who would be eligible is uncertain. In 2001, American genealogist <a href="/wiki/William_Addams_Reitwiesner" title="William Addams Reitwiesner">William Addams Reitwiesner</a> compiled a list of 4,973 living descendants of <a href="/wiki/Electress" title="Electress">Electress</a> <a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Hanover" title="Sophia of Hanover">Sophia of Hanover</a>, in order of succession without omitting <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Roman Catholics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When updated in January 2011, the list included 5,753.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final person in both lists, number 4,973 and 5,753, was Karin Vogel (born 1973), a therapist from <a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a>, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_2011-04-27_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj_2011-04-27-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annotated list below covers the first part of this line of succession, being limited to <a href="/wiki/List_of_descendants_of_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="List of descendants of George V">descendants of the sons</a> of <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a>, King Charles III's great-grandfather. People named in <em>italics</em> are unnumbered either because they are deceased or because sources report them to be excluded from the succession. Exclusions are explained by annotations and footnotes <a href="#notes_and_sources">below</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_the_British_royal_family" title="Family tree of the British royal family">Family tree of the British royal family</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_silver_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Simple_silver_crown.svg/15px-Simple_silver_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Simple_silver_crown.svg/23px-Simple_silver_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Simple_silver_crown.svg/30px-Simple_silver_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <em><a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a> (1865–1936)</em> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_silver_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Simple_silver_crown.svg/15px-Simple_silver_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Simple_silver_crown.svg/23px-Simple_silver_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Simple_silver_crown.svg/30px-Simple_silver_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <em><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VIII">King Edward VIII</a> (1894–1972)</em></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_silver_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Simple_silver_crown.svg/15px-Simple_silver_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Simple_silver_crown.svg/23px-Simple_silver_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Simple_silver_crown.svg/30px-Simple_silver_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <em><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a> (1895–1952)</em> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_silver_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Simple_silver_crown.svg/15px-Simple_silver_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Simple_silver_crown.svg/23px-Simple_silver_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Simple_silver_crown.svg/30px-Simple_silver_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <em><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> (1926–2022)</em> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/15px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/23px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <strong><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a></strong> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1948</span>) <ul><li><strong>(1)</strong> <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1982</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(2)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Wales" title="Prince George of Wales">Prince George of Wales</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2013</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(3)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales_(born_2015)" title="Princess Charlotte of Wales (born 2015)">Princess Charlotte of Wales</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2015</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(4)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_of_Wales" title="Prince Louis of Wales">Prince Louis of Wales</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2018</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(5)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex">Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1984</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(6)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Archie_of_Sussex" title="Prince Archie of Sussex">Prince Archie of Sussex</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2019</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(7)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Princess_Lilibet_of_Sussex" title="Princess Lilibet of Sussex">Princess Lilibet of Sussex</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2021</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D</a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(8)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Prince Andrew, Duke of York</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1960</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(9)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Princess_Beatrice" title="Princess Beatrice">Princess Beatrice</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1988</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(10)</strong> Sienna Mapelli Mozzi (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2021</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(11)</strong> Athena Mapelli Mozzi (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2025</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(12)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Princess_Eugenie" title="Princess Eugenie">Princess Eugenie</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1990</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(13)</strong> August Brooksbank (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2021</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(14)</strong> Ernest Brooksbank (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2023</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D</a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(15)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1964</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(16)</strong> <a href="/wiki/James_Mountbatten-Windsor,_Earl_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex">James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2007</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(17)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Louise_Mountbatten-Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor">Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2003</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(18)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1950</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(19)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Phillips" title="Peter Phillips">Peter Phillips</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1977</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(20)</strong> Savannah Phillips (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2010</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(21)</strong> Isla Phillips (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2012</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(22)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Zara_Tindall" title="Zara Tindall">Zara Tindall</a> (née Phillips; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1981</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(23)</strong> Mia Tindall (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2014</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(24)</strong> Lena Tindall (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2018</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(25)</strong> Lucas Tindall (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2021</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">B D</a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><em><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon</a> (1930–2002)</em> <ul><li><strong>(26)</strong> <a href="/wiki/David_Armstrong-Jones,_2nd_Earl_of_Snowdon" title="David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon">David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1961</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(27)</strong> Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1999</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(28)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Margarita_Armstrong-Jones" title="Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones">Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2002</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(29)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Sarah_Chatto" title="Lady Sarah Chatto">Lady Sarah Chatto</a> (née Armstrong-Jones; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1964</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(30)</strong> Samuel Chatto (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1996</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(31)</strong> Arthur Chatto (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1999</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><em><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester</a> (1900–1974)</em> <ul><li><strong>(32)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Richard,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1944</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(33)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Windsor,_Earl_of_Ulster" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster">Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1974</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(34)</strong> Xan Windsor, Lord Culloden (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2007</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(35)</strong> Lady Cosima Windsor (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2010</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(36)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Davina_Windsor" title="Lady Davina Windsor">Lady Davina Windsor</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1977</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(37)</strong> Senna Lewis (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2010</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(38)</strong> Tane Lewis (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2012</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(39)</strong> Lady Rose Gilman (née Windsor; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1980</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(40)</strong> Lyla Gilman (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2010</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(41)</strong> Rufus Gilman (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2012</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><em><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George, Duke of Kent</a> (1902–1942)</em> <ul><li><strong>(42)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Kent">Prince Edward, Duke of Kent</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1935</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(43)</strong> <a href="/wiki/George_Windsor,_Earl_of_St_Andrews" title="George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews">George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1962</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">M D W</a></sup> <ul><li><em><a href="/wiki/Edward_Windsor,_Lord_Downpatrick" title="Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick">Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick</a></em> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1988</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">X D W</a></sup></li> <li><em><a href="/wiki/Lady_Marina_Windsor" title="Lady Marina Windsor">Lady Marina Windsor</a></em> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1992</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">X D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(44)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Amelia_Windsor" title="Lady Amelia Windsor">Lady Amelia Windsor</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1995</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><em><a href="/wiki/Lord_Nicholas_Windsor" title="Lord Nicholas Windsor">Lord Nicholas Windsor</a></em> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1970</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">X D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(45)</strong> Albert Windsor (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2007</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">X? D W</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-n3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><strong>(46)</strong> Leopold Windsor (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2009</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">X? D W</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-n3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><strong>(47)</strong> Louis Windsor (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2014</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">X? D W</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(48)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Helen_Taylor" title="Lady Helen Taylor">Lady Helen Taylor</a> (née Windsor; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1964</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(49)</strong> Columbus Taylor (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1994</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(50)</strong> Cassius Taylor (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1996</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(51)</strong> Eloise Taylor (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2003</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(52)</strong> Estella Taylor (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2004</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(53)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Kent" title="Prince Michael of Kent">Prince Michael of Kent</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1942</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">M D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(54)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Frederick_Windsor" title="Lord Frederick Windsor">Lord Frederick Windsor</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1979</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(55)</strong> Maud Windsor (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2013</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(56)</strong> Isabella Windsor (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2016</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(57)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gabriella_Kingston" title="Lady Gabriella Kingston">Lady Gabriella Kingston</a> (née Windsor; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1981</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(58)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvy" title="Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy">Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1936</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(59)</strong> <a href="/wiki/James_Ogilvy" title="James Ogilvy">James Ogilvy</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1964</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(60)</strong> Alexander Ogilvy (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1996</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(61)</strong> Flora Vesterberg (née Ogilvy; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1994</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><strong>(62)</strong> <a href="/wiki/Marina_Ogilvy" title="Marina Ogilvy">Marina Ogilvy</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1966</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup> <ul><li><strong>(63)</strong> Christian Mowatt (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1993</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li> <li><strong>(64)</strong> Zenouska Mowatt (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1990</span>) <sup><a href="#notes_and_sources">D W</a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Notes and sources<span class="anchor" id="notes_and_sources"></span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Mark </th> <th>Source for listing or note on exclusion from succession </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><strong>B</strong> </td> <td>Listed by the official website of the British monarchy, "Succession",<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as of February 2025<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Succession_to_the_British_throne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><strong>D</strong> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's</a> website (as of 29 January 2025<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Succession_to_the_British_throne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>): "The Line of Succession"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><strong>W</strong> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Whitaker%27s_Almanack" title="Whitaker's Almanack">Whitaker's Almanack</a></i> 2021<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><strong>M</strong> </td> <td>These people had been excluded through marriage to a Roman Catholic. This exclusion was repealed on 26 March 2015, restoring them to the line of succession, when the <a href="/wiki/Perth_Agreement" title="Perth Agreement">Perth Agreement</a> came into effect. </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><strong>X</strong> </td> <td>Excluded as Roman Catholics. This exclusion is not affected by changes subsequent to the <a href="/wiki/Perth_Agreement" title="Perth Agreement">Perth Agreement</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Special:EditPage/Succession to the British throne">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England">England</h3></div> <p>The line of succession was governed by the <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> rule of <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a> until the fourteenth century, when Parliament first began to legislate on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackstone_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackstone-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this was not invariably followed. The sons of <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> contested each other for the throne, and his granddaughter <a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Matilda</a> was passed over for his grandson <a href="/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England" title="Stephen, King of England">King Stephen</a>, even though Matilda's father had been king, and Stephen's claim was only that his mother had been William's daughter. After the death of <a href="/wiki/Richard_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard I">Richard I</a> in 1199, the throne should have gone to his nephew <a href="/wiki/Arthur_I,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="Arthur I, Duke of Brittany">Arthur</a>, the son of his next brother <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_II,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany">Geoffrey</a>, but as Arthur was still only a child, Richard's youngest brother <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John</a> was able to take the throne for himself, under the pretext that he was a closer relative to the late king than Arthur, who was one generation removed.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackstone_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackstone-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John bolstered his claim to the throne by having his nephew secretly killed. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Richard_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard II">Richard II</a> was deposed in 1399 by <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV</a>, Henry also usurped another relative with a better claim, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Mortimer,_5th_Earl_of_March" title="Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March">Edmund, Earl of March</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackstone_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackstone-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard and Henry were the grandsons of <a href="/wiki/Edward_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward III">Edward III</a> by, respectively, Edward's first and fourth sons; Edmund was descended from Edward's third son, and so was placed ahead of Henry in the line of succession. However, as Edmund was only seven at the time, and Henry's position would not have been secure with any lesser title than king, Henry took the throne for himself, with the endorsement of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackstone_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackstone-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decades later, the rival <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">House of York</a>, which was descended from Edmund's sister <a href="/wiki/Anne_de_Mortimer" title="Anne de Mortimer">Anne de Mortimer</a>, seized the throne from Henry's grandson during the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>. </p><p>In 1485, Henry Tudor, a female-line descendant of a legitimated branch of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal house">royal house</a> of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancaster</a>, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Beaufort" title="House of Beaufort">House of Beaufort</a>, assumed the English crown as <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a>, after defeating and killing <a href="/wiki/Richard_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard III">Richard III</a> in battle. Richard had been the last king of the House of York, and the last of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">Plantagenet dynasty</a>. Henry declared himself king retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before his victory over Richard at Bosworth Field.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Blackstone" title="William Blackstone">William Blackstone</a> called Henry's hereditary claim "the most remote and unaccountable that was ever set up," and said that his subsequent marriage to Richard's niece <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a>, was "his best title to the crown."<sup id="cite_ref-Blackstone_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackstone-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry caused Richard's <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Titulus_Regius" title="Titulus Regius">Titulus Regius</a></i></span> (Parliament's recognition of his own claim) to be repealed and expunged from the <a href="/wiki/Rolls_of_Parliament" title="Rolls of Parliament">Rolls of Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Henry's <a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">coronation</a> in London in October that year, his first parliament, summoned to meet at Westminster in November, enacted that "the inheritance of the crown should be, rest, remain and abide in the most royal person of the then sovereign lord, King Henry VII, and the heirs of his body lawfully coming."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry VII was followed by his son, <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>. Though his father descended from the Lancastrians, Henry VIII could also claim the throne through the Yorkist line, as his mother Elizabeth was the daughter of Edward IV. In 1542, Henry also assumed the title <a href="/wiki/King_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Ireland">King of Ireland</a>; this would pass down with the monarchs of England, and later Great Britain, until the separate crowns <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">merged in 1800</a>. </p><p>Henry VIII's multiple marriages led to several complications over succession. Henry VIII was first married to <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Catherine of Aragon</a>, by whom he had a daughter named <a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary</a>. His second marriage, to <a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a>, resulted in a daughter named <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth</a>. Henry VIII had a son, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VI of England">Edward</a>, by his third wife, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Seymour" title="Jane Seymour">Jane Seymour</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_1533" class="mw-redirect" title="Succession to the Crown Act 1533">Succession to the Crown Act 1533</a> declared Mary illegitimate; the <a href="/wiki/Second_Succession_Act" title="Second Succession Act">Second Act in 1536</a>, did the same for Elizabeth. The <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_1543" class="mw-redirect" title="Succession to the Crown Act 1543">Third Act in 1543</a> did not legitimize the daughters, but did reinsert them into the line of succession after Edward, providing further "that the King should and might give, will, limit, assign, appoint or dispose the said imperial Crown and the other premises<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] by <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> or last will in writing." Mary and Elizabeth, under <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII%27s_will" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII's will">Henry VIII's will</a>, were to be followed by the granddaughters of the King's deceased sister <a href="/wiki/Mary_Tudor,_Queen_of_France" title="Mary Tudor, Queen of France">Mary</a>. Still excluded were Mary's still-living daughters, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Grey,_Duchess_of_Suffolk" title="Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk">Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Clifford,_Countess_of_Cumberland" title="Eleanor Clifford, Countess of Cumberland">Eleanor Clifford, Countess of Cumberland</a>. This will also excluded from the succession the descendants of Henry's sister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tudor" title="Margaret Tudor">Margaret</a>, who were the rulers of Scotland. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament.jpg/170px-Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament.jpg/255px-Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament.jpg/340px-Elizabeth_I_in_Parliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2196" data-file-height="3452" /></a><figcaption>Queen Elizabeth I enthroned in Parliament</figcaption></figure> <p>Edward VI succeeded Henry VIII in 1547. Edward VI attempted to divert the course of succession in his will to prevent his Catholic half-sister, Mary, from inheriting the throne. He excluded both Mary and Elizabeth, settling on the Duchess of Suffolk's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Lady Jane Grey</a>. Jane was also originally excluded on the premise that no woman could reign over England. Nonetheless, the will, which originally referred to Jane's heirs-male, was amended to refer to Jane <em>and</em> her heirs-male. Upon Edward VI's death in 1553, Jane was proclaimed Queen of England and Ireland. She was not universally recognised and after nine days she was overthrown by the popular Mary. As Henry VIII's will had been approved by the <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_1543" class="mw-redirect" title="Succession to the Crown Act 1543">Succession to the Crown Act 1543</a>, Edward's contravening will was ignored as unlawful. </p><p>Mary I was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth I, who broke with the precedents of many of her predecessors, and refused to name an heir. Whilst previous monarchs (including Henry VIII) had specifically been granted authority to settle uncertain successions in their wills, the <a href="/wiki/Treasons_Act_1571" title="Treasons Act 1571">Treasons Act 1571</a> asserted that Parliament had the right to settle disputes, and made it treason to deny parliamentary authority. Wary of threats from other possible heirs, Parliament further passed the <a href="/wiki/Safety_of_the_Queen,_etc._Act_1584" title="Safety of the Queen, etc. Act 1584">Safety of the Queen, etc. Act 1584</a>, which provided that any individual involved in attempts to murder the sovereign would be disqualified from succeeding (the act was repealed in 1863). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland">Scotland</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <span class="anonymous-show"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ASuccession_to_the_British_throne&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Protected+edit+request+on+20+February+2025&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+fully-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Succession+to+the+British+throne">making an edit request</a></span></span><span class="user-show"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Succession_to_the_British_throne&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> </span>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">House of Stewart</a> (later Stuart) had ruled in Scotland since 1371. It followed strict rules of primogeniture. In 1503 <a href="/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland" title="James IV of Scotland">King James IV</a> married <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tudor" title="Margaret Tudor">Margaret Tudor</a>, a daughter of England's Henry VII,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which one hundred years later resulted in his great-grandson <a href="/wiki/James_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI">James VI</a> inheriting the English Crown as well.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1543, Henry VIII had attempted to marry his son <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VI of England">Edward</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>, which would have drawn the kingdoms closer together. This marriage plan, outlined by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Greenwich" title="Treaty of Greenwich">Treaty of Greenwich</a>, was resisted by Scots who favoured the <a href="/wiki/Auld_Alliance" title="Auld Alliance">Auld Alliance</a> with France. A nine year long war resulted, now known as the <a href="/wiki/Rough_Wooing" title="Rough Wooing">Rough Wooing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Mary,_Queen_of_Scots,_and_Henry,_Lord_Darnley" title="Wedding of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Henry, Lord Darnley">In July 1565, Mary, Queen of Scots, married</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley" title="Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley">Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley</a>, a grandson of Margaret Tudor. Mary, Queen of Scots, was deposed in June 1567 and there was <a href="/wiki/Marian_civil_war" title="Marian civil war">civil war</a> in Scotland until May 1573.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the rest of the 16th century England's diplomatic relations with Scotland were characterised by a so-called "amity". Elizabeth I did not publicly name Mary's son James VI as her successor, but gave him an <a href="/wiki/English_subsidy_of_James_VI" title="English subsidy of James VI">annual cash subsidy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_union_of_the_crowns">After the union of the crowns</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stuarts">Stuarts</h4></div> <p>In 1603 Elizabeth I of England and Ireland was succeeded by King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland">James VI of Scotland</a>, her first cousin twice removed, even though his succession violated Henry VIII's will, under which <a href="/wiki/Anne_Stanley,_Countess_of_Castlehaven" title="Anne Stanley, Countess of Castlehaven">Lady Anne Stanley</a>, heiress of Mary Tudor, Duchess of Suffolk, was supposed to succeed. James asserted that hereditary right was superior to statutory provision and, as King of Scotland, was powerful enough to deter any rival. He reigned as James I of England and Ireland, thus effecting the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns" title="Union of the Crowns">Union of the Crowns</a>, although England and Scotland remained separate sovereign states until 1707. His succession was rapidly ratified by Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:center;max-width:858px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Stuart.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Principal members of the house of Stuart following the 1603 Union of the Crowns."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/House_of_Stuart.png/850px-House_of_Stuart.png" decoding="async" width="850" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/House_of_Stuart.png/1275px-House_of_Stuart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/House_of_Stuart.png/1700px-House_of_Stuart.png 2x" data-file-width="2003" data-file-height="857" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Stuart.png" title="File:House of Stuart.png"> </a></div>Principal members of the house of Stuart following the 1603 Union of the Crowns.</div></div></div> <p>James's eldest surviving son and successor, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>, was overthrown and beheaded in 1649 and the monarchy was abolished. A few years later, it was replaced by the Protectorate under <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, a de facto monarch with the title of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a> rather than King. Cromwell had the right to name his successor, which he exercised on his deathbed by choosing his son, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard Cromwell</a>. Richard was ineffective and was quickly forced from office. Shortly afterwards, the monarchy was restored, with Charles I's son <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> as King. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wissing,_Willem_-_Queen_Anne,_1687.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Wissing%2C_Willem_-_Queen_Anne%2C_1687.jpg/170px-Wissing%2C_Willem_-_Queen_Anne%2C_1687.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Wissing%2C_Willem_-_Queen_Anne%2C_1687.jpg/255px-Wissing%2C_Willem_-_Queen_Anne%2C_1687.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Wissing%2C_Willem_-_Queen_Anne%2C_1687.jpg/340px-Wissing%2C_Willem_-_Queen_Anne%2C_1687.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1287" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>After her last child died in 1700, only <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Princess Anne</a> was left in the line of succession set by the Bill of Rights.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II and VII</a>, a Roman Catholic, followed his brother Charles II, despite efforts in the late 1670s to <a href="/wiki/Exclusion_Crisis" title="Exclusion Crisis">exclude</a> him in favour of Charles's illegitimate Protestant son, the <a href="/wiki/James_Scott,_1st_Duke_of_Monmouth" title="James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth">Duke of Monmouth</a>. James was deposed when his Protestant opponents forced him to flee from England in 1688. Parliament then deemed that James had, by fleeing the realms, abdicated the thrones and offered the Crowns not to the King's infant son <a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart" title="James Francis Edward Stuart">James</a> but to his Protestant daughter <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary</a> and to her husband <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William</a>, who as James's nephew was the first person in the succession not descended from him. The two became joint Sovereigns (a unique circumstance in British history) as William III of England and Ireland (and II of Scotland) and Mary II of England, Scotland and Ireland. William had insisted on this unique provision as a condition of his military leadership against James. </p><p>The English <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">Bill of Rights</a> and the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Claim_of_Right" class="mw-redirect" title="Claim of Right">Claim of Right Act</a>, both passed in 1689, determined succession to the English, Scottish and Irish Thrones. First in the line were the descendants of Mary II. Next came Mary's sister <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Princess Anne</a> and her descendants. Finally, the descendants of William by any future marriage were added to the line of succession. Only Protestants were allowed to succeed; those who married Roman Catholics were excluded. </p><p>After Mary II died in 1694, her husband continued to reign alone until his own death in 1702. The line of succession provided for by the Bill of Rights was almost at an end; William and Mary had no children and Princess Anne's children had died. Parliament passed the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701" title="Act of Settlement 1701">Act of Settlement 1701</a>. The Act maintained the provision of the Bill of Rights whereby William would be succeeded by Princess Anne and her descendants, and thereafter by his own descendants from future marriages. The Act declared that they would be followed by James I and VI's granddaughter <a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Hanover" title="Sophia of Hanover">Sophia</a>, Electress Dowager of Hanover (the daughter of James's daughter <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Stuart,_Queen_of_Bohemia" title="Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia">Elizabeth Stuart</a>), and her heirs. As under the Bill of Rights, non-Protestants and those who married Roman Catholics were excluded. Because Sophia was a foreign citizen, Parliament passed the <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Naturalization_Act_1705" title="Sophia Naturalization Act 1705">Sophia Naturalization Act 1705</a> to make her and her descendants English and therefore eligible for the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurfuerstin_Sophie.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Kurfuerstin_Sophie.JPG/170px-Kurfuerstin_Sophie.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Kurfuerstin_Sophie.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>Electress Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714)</figcaption></figure> <p>Upon William's death, Anne became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland. Because the Parliament of England settled on Sophia as Anne's heir-presumptive without consulting Scottish leaders, the <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates of Scotland">Estates of Scotland</a> retaliated by passing the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Security_1704" title="Act of Security 1704">Act of Security 1704</a>. The act provided that, upon the death of Anne, the Estates would meet to select an heir to the throne of Scotland, who could not be the same person as the English Sovereign unless numerous political and economic conditions were met. Anne originally withheld <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a>, but was forced to grant it when the estates refused to raise taxes and sought to withdraw troops from the queen's army. England's Parliament responded by passing the <a href="/wiki/Alien_Act_1705" title="Alien Act 1705">Alien Act 1705</a>, which threatened to cripple Scotland's economy by cutting off trade with them. Thus, Scotland had little choice but to unite with England to form the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> in 1707; the crown of the new nation (along with the crown of Ireland) was subject to the rules laid down by the English Act of Settlement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hanoverians_and_Windsors">Hanoverians and Windsors</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ProtestantTutor.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Title page, which is crowded with fonts of varying sizes and shapes, reads "The Protestant Tutor, Instructing YOUTH, and Others, In the Compleat Method of Spelling, Reading, and Writing True English; Also, Discovering to them the Notorious ERRORS, Damnable DOCTRINES, and Cruel MASSACRES, of the Bloddy Papists; Which England may Expect from a Popish Successor. With Instructions for Grounding them in the True Protestant Religion."" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/ProtestantTutor.png/170px-ProtestantTutor.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/ProtestantTutor.png/255px-ProtestantTutor.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/ProtestantTutor.png/340px-ProtestantTutor.png 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harris_(publisher)" title="Benjamin Harris (publisher)">Benjamin Harris's</a> <i>Protestant Tutor</i>, a primer popular for decades and the source for the <i><a href="/wiki/New_England_Primer" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Primer">New England Primer</a></i>. Edition of 1713. Hanoverian propaganda extended to books for children's education.</figcaption></figure> <p>Anne was predeceased by Sophia, Electress Dowager of Hanover, and was therefore succeeded by the latter's son, who became <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Great_Britain" title="George I of Great Britain">George I</a> in 1714. </p><p>Attempts were made in the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_risings" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobite risings">risings of 1715 and 1745</a> to restore Stuart claimants to the Throne, supported by those who recognised the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_succession" title="Jacobite succession">Jacobite succession</a>. The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">House of Hanover</a> nonetheless remained undeposed, and the Crown descended in accordance with the appointed rules. In 1801, following the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union 1800</a>, the separate crowns of Great Britain and Ireland were merged and became the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>. Between 1811 and 1820, when <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> was deemed unfit to rule, the Prince of Wales (later <a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">George IV</a>) acted as his <a href="/wiki/Regency_era" title="Regency era">regent</a>. Some years later, the <a href="/wiki/Regency_Act_1830" title="Regency Act 1830">Regency Act 1830</a> made provision for a change in the line of succession had a child been born to <a href="/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="William IV of the United Kingdom">William IV</a> after his death, but this event did not come about. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronation_of_George_VI_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coronation_of_George_VI_1937.jpg/170px-Coronation_of_George_VI_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coronation_of_George_VI_1937.jpg/255px-Coronation_of_George_VI_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coronation_of_George_VI_1937.jpg/340px-Coronation_of_George_VI_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>George VI receiving <a href="/wiki/Homage_(feudal)" title="Homage (feudal)">homage</a> at his <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_King_George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth">coronation</a> in 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>On the death of William IV in 1837, his 18-year-old niece <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a> succeeded to the throne. After a 63-year reign, often known as the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>, she was succeeded in 1901 by her eldest son <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a>. On his death in 1910, his second son acceded to the throne as <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> (Edward's first son <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Albert Victor">Prince Albert Victor</a> died during an <a href="/wiki/Influenza_pandemic" title="Influenza pandemic">influenza pandemic</a> in 1892). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> became King on the death of his father, George V, in January 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edward <a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">opened Parliament</a> in November, but abdicated in December 1936, and was never <a href="/wiki/Abandoned_coronation_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abandoned coronation of Edward VIII">crowned</a>. Edward had desired to marry <a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a>, a divorcee, but the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, of which the British Sovereign is Supreme Governor, would not authorise the marriage of divorcees. Consequently, Parliament passed <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Declaration_of_Abdication_Act_1936" title="His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936">His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936</a>, by which Edward VIII ceased to be Sovereign "immediately upon" his royal assent as King being signified in Parliament on 11 December. The Act provided that he and his descendants, if any, were not to have any "right, title or interest in or to the succession to the Throne". Edward died childless in 1972. </p><p>Edward's abdication was "a <a href="/wiki/Demise_of_the_Crown" title="Demise of the Crown">demise of the Crown</a>" (in the words of the Act), and the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York#Seventh_creation,_1920–1936" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a>, his brother who was then next in the line, immediately succeeded to the throne and to its "rights, privileges, and dignities", taking the <a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">regnal name</a> <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a>. He in turn was succeeded in 1952 by his elder daughter, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>. By that time, the monarch of the United Kingdom no longer reigned in the greater part of Ireland (which had become a <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">republic</a> in 1949), but was the monarch of a number of independent sovereign states (Commonwealth realms). She was then succeeded in 2022 by her eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commonwealth_realms">Commonwealth realms</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Perth_Agreement" title="Perth Agreement">Perth Agreement</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronation_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Couronnement_de_la_Reine_Elizabeth_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coronation_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Couronnement_de_la_Reine_Elizabeth_II.jpg/170px-Coronation_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Couronnement_de_la_Reine_Elizabeth_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coronation_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Couronnement_de_la_Reine_Elizabeth_II.jpg/255px-Coronation_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Couronnement_de_la_Reine_Elizabeth_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coronation_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Couronnement_de_la_Reine_Elizabeth_II.jpg/340px-Coronation_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Couronnement_de_la_Reine_Elizabeth_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Elizabeth II at her coronation in 1953, passing to the left of the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_Chair" title="Coronation Chair">Coronation Chair</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster 1931</a>, each of the Commonwealth realms has the same person as monarch and, to maintain that arrangement, they have agreed to continue the same line of succession; some realms do so through domestic succession laws, while others stipulate whoever is monarch of the United Kingdom will also be monarch of that realm. In February 1952, on her accession, Elizabeth II <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_accession_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Proclamation of accession of Elizabeth II">was proclaimed</a> as sovereign separately throughout her realms. In October 2011, the heads of government of all 16 realms agreed unanimously at a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2011">meeting</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, Western Australia, to proposed changes to the royal succession laws that would see the order of succession for people born after 28 October 2011 governed by absolute primogeniture—wherein succession passes to an individual's children according to birth order, regardless of sex—instead of male-preference primogeniture. They also agreed to lift a ban on those who marry Roman Catholics. The ban on Catholics themselves was retained to ensure that the monarch would be in communion with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The changes came into effect across the Commonwealth realms on 26 March 2015, after legislation was made according to each realm's constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the changes coming into effect, the positions of the first 27 in line remained unchanged, including Princess Anne and her children and grandchildren, until the birth of Princess Charlotte of Cambridge on 2 May 2015. The first to be affected by the changes, on the day they came into effect on 26 March of that year, were the children of <a href="/wiki/Lady_Davina_Windsor" title="Lady Davina Windsor">Lady Davina Windsor</a>—her son Tane Mahuta Lewis (born 2012) and her daughter Senna Kowhai Lewis (born 2010)—who were reversed in the order of succession, becoming 29th and 28th in line respectively (now 36th and 35th as of September 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Succession_to_the_British_throne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_rules">Current rules</h2></div> <p>The Bill of Rights and the Act of Settlement (restated by the Acts of Union) still govern succession to the throne. They were amended in the United Kingdom by the <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_2013" title="Succession to the Crown Act 2013">Succession to the Crown Act 2013</a>, which was passed mainly "to make succession to the Crown not depend on gender" and "to make provision about Royal Marriages" (according to its <a href="/wiki/Long_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Long title">long title</a>), thereby implementing the <a href="/wiki/Perth_Agreement" title="Perth Agreement">Perth Agreement</a> in the UK and in those realms that, by their laws, have as their monarch automatically whoever is monarch of the UK. Other realms passed their own legislation. </p><p>Anyone ineligible to succeed is treated as if they were dead. That person's descendants are not also disqualified, unless they are personally ineligible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriages">Marriages</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701" title="Act of Settlement 1701">Act of Settlement 1701</a> provides that Protestant "<a href="/wiki/Heirs_of_the_body" title="Heirs of the body">heirs of the body</a>" (that is, legitimate descendants) of <a href="/wiki/Sophia,_Electress_of_Hanover" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophia, Electress of Hanover">Sophia, Electress of Hanover</a>, are eligible to succeed to the throne, unless otherwise disqualified. The meaning of <i>heir of the body</i> is determined by the common law rules of male preference <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a> (the "male-preference" criterion is no longer applicable, in respect of succession to the throne, to persons born after 28 October 2011), whereby older children and their descendants inherit before younger children, and a male child takes precedence over a female sibling.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children born out of wedlock and adopted children are not eligible to succeed. Illegitimate children whose parents subsequently marry are legitimated, but remain ineligible to inherit.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marriages_Act_1772" title="Royal Marriages Act 1772">Royal Marriages Act 1772</a> (repealed by the Succession to the Crown Act 2013) further required descendants of <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a> to obtain the consent of the reigning monarch to marry. (The requirement did not apply to descendants of princesses who married into foreign families, as well as, from 1936, any descendants of Edward VIII,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of whom there are none.) The Act provided, however, that if a <a href="/wiki/Dynasty#Dynasts" title="Dynasty">dynast</a> older than 25 notified the Privy Council of their intention to marry without the consent of the Sovereign, then they may have lawfully done so after one year, unless both houses of Parliament expressly disapproved of the marriage. A marriage that contravened the Royal Marriages Act was void, and the resulting offspring illegitimate and thus ineligible to succeed, though the succession of the dynast who failed to obtain consent was not itself affected. This also had the consequence that marriage to a Roman Catholic without permission was void, so that the dynast was not disqualified from succeeding on account of being married to a Roman Catholic. Thus when the future <a href="/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George IV of the United Kingdom">George IV</a> attempted to marry the Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Maria_Anne_Fitzherbert" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Anne Fitzherbert">Maria Fitzherbert</a> in 1785 without obtaining permission from <a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III</a> he did not disqualify himself from inheriting the throne in due course.<sup id="cite_ref-bogdanor_55_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bogdanor_55-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A marriage voided by the 1772 act prior to its repeal remains void "for all purposes relating to the succession to the Crown" under the 2013 act.<sup id="cite_ref-Act_2013_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Act_2013-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitutional crisis arising from Edward VIII's decision to marry a divorcee in 1936 led to <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Declaration_of_Abdication_Act_1936" title="His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936">His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936</a>, which provided that Edward VIII and his descendants would have no claim to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Act is no longer applicable, because Edward died in 1972 without issue. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_2013" title="Succession to the Crown Act 2013">Succession to the Crown Act 2013</a>, the first six persons in line to the throne must obtain the sovereign's approval before marrying.<sup id="cite_ref-Act_2013_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Act_2013-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marriage without the Sovereign's consent disqualifies the person and the person's descendants from the marriage from succeeding to the Crown,<sup id="cite_ref-Act_2013_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Act_2013-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the marriage is still legally valid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <p>Rules relating to eligibility established by the Bill of Rights are retained under the Act of Settlement and the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a>. Under Article II of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a> between England and Scotland (which was given legal force by the acts of the English and Scottish parliaments), the succession to the throne is limited to "the Heirs of [Electress Sophia's] body being <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Act of Settlement also states that "whosoever shall hereafter come to the Possession of this Crown shall join in Communion with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The definition of being "in Communion with the Church of England" has been interpreted broadly; for instance, <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Great_Britain" title="George I of Great Britain">King George I</a> was <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bill of Rights specifically excludes Roman Catholics from being sovereign, to the extent that they "shall be excluded and be for ever uncapeable to inherit possesse or enjoy the Crowne", thus ignoring any potential conversion from Roman Catholicism to Protestantism.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, a Roman Catholic is viewed as "naturally dead" for the purposes of succession.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Act of Settlement further provided that anyone who married a Roman Catholic was ineligible to succeed. The Act did not require that the spouse be Anglican; it only barred those who married Roman Catholics. The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 removed the ban on individuals who marry Roman Catholics, though not on Roman Catholics themselves, because the monarch is Supreme Governor of the Church of England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treason">Treason</h3></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Treason_Act_1702" title="Treason Act 1702">Treason Act 1702</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Treason_(Ireland)_Act_1703" class="mw-redirect" title="Treason (Ireland) Act 1703">Treason (Ireland) Act 1703</a>, it is <a href="/wiki/High_treason_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High treason in the United Kingdom">treason</a> to "endeavour to deprive or hinder any person who shall be the next in succession to the crown<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] from succeeding<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] to the imperial crown of this realm". Since the <a href="/wiki/Crime_and_Disorder_Act_1998" title="Crime and Disorder Act 1998">Crime and Disorder Act 1998</a>, the maximum penalty has been life imprisonment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accession">Accession</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Jamess_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/St_Jamess_Palace.jpg/170px-St_Jamess_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/St_Jamess_Palace.jpg/255px-St_Jamess_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/St_Jamess_Palace.jpg/340px-St_Jamess_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="4317" /></a><figcaption>The Accession Council normally meets in <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a> to proclaim the new sovereign.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Commonwealth realms, upon the death of a sovereign, the heir apparent or heir presumptive succeeds to the throne immediately, with no need for confirmation or further ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the <a href="/wiki/Accession_Council" title="Accession Council">Accession Council</a> meets and decides upon the making of the accession proclamation, which by custom has for centuries been ceremonially proclaimed in public places, in London, <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> and other cities. The anniversary is observed throughout the sovereign's reign as <a href="/wiki/Accession_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession Day">Accession Day</a>, including royal <a href="/wiki/Gun_salutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun salutes">gun salutes</a> in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Formerly, a new sovereign proclaimed their own accession; however, on the death of Elizabeth I, an Accession Council met to proclaim the accession of James I to the throne of England. James was then in Scotland and reigning as King James VI of Scotland. This precedent has been followed since. Now, the Accession Council normally meets in <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a>. Proclamations since James I's have usually been made in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Lords_Spiritual" title="Lords Spiritual">Lords Spiritual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lords_Temporal" title="Lords Temporal">Temporal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor of the City of London">Lord Mayor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman">Aldermen</a> and citizens of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a> and "other principal <a href="/wiki/Gentleman" title="Gentleman">Gentlemen</a> of quality", though there have been variations in some proclamations. The proclamation of accession of Elizabeth II was the first to make mention of representatives of members of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>. </p><p>Upon their accession, a new sovereign is required by law to make and subscribe several oaths. The Bill of Rights of 1689 first required the sovereign to make a public declaration of non-belief in Roman Catholicism.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This declaration, known as the <a href="/wiki/Accession_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession Declaration">Accession Declaration</a>, is required to be taken either at the first meeting of parliament of their reign (i.e. during the <a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">State Opening of Parliament</a>) or at their coronation, whichever occurs first. The wording of the declaration was changed in 1910 as the previous wording was deemed to be overly anti-Catholic. Rather than denouncing Roman Catholicism, the sovereign now declares themselves to be a Protestant and that they will "uphold and maintain" the Protestant succession.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the Accession Declaration, the new sovereign is required by the Acts of Union 1707 to make an oath to "maintain and preserve" the Church of Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This oath is normally made at the sovereign's first meeting of the Privy Council following their accession. According to the <a href="/wiki/Regency_Act_1937" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency Act 1937">Regency Act 1937</a>, should the sovereign be under the age of 18, such oaths and declarations required to be taken by the sovereign shall be made upon attainment of that age.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a period of mourning,<sup id="cite_ref-royal.gov-coronation_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal.gov-coronation-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the new sovereign is usually <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">consecrated and crowned</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>. Normally, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> officiates, though the sovereign may designate any other bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>. A coronation is not necessary for a sovereign to reign; for example, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> was <a href="/wiki/Abandoned_coronation_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abandoned coronation of Edward VIII">never crowned</a>, yet during his short reign was the undoubted king. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regency_Act_1937">Regency Act 1937</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Regency_Act_1937" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency Act 1937">Regency Act 1937</a></div> <p>In the event that the sovereign is under 18, or is incapacitated, the first person in the line of succession who is over the age of 21 (or 18 in the case of the heir apparent) and is domiciled in the United Kingdom becomes regent, and exercises the powers of the sovereign. </p><p>The first four individuals in the line of succession who are over 21 (or 18 in the case of the heir), and the sovereign's consort, may be appointed <a href="/wiki/Counsellors_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Counsellors of state">counsellors of state</a>. Counsellors of state perform some of the sovereign's duties in the United Kingdom while the sovereign is out of the country or temporarily incapacitated.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Otherwise, individuals in the line of succession need not have specific legal or official roles. </p><p>Princess Anne and Prince Edward were added as extra counsellors of state in 2022 by an act of Parliament, following the death of Elizabeth II.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/32px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/48px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/64px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="222" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Royalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Royalty">Royalty portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_Declaration_Act_1910" title="Accession Declaration Act 1910">Accession Declaration Act 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_successions_of_the_English_crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative successions of the English crown">Alternative successions of the English crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_prince" title="British prince">British prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_princess" title="British princess">British princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_the_British_royal_family" title="Family tree of the British royal family">Family tree of the British royal family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_English_and_British_line_of_succession" title="History of the English and British line of succession">History of the English and British line of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_succession" title="Jacobite succession">Jacobite succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">List of British monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_descendants_of_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="List of descendants of George V">List of descendants of George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heirs_to_the_British_throne" title="List of heirs to the British throne">List of heirs to the British throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heirs_to_the_English_throne" title="List of heirs to the English throne">List of heirs to the English throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heirs_to_the_Scottish_throne" title="List of heirs to the Scottish throne">List of heirs to the Scottish throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_in_the_British_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs in the British Isles">List of monarchs in the British Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_birth" title="Posthumous birth">Posthumous birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Succession_Bills_and_Acts" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Succession Bills and Acts">Royal Succession Bills and Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_2013" title="Succession to the Crown Act 2013">Succession to the Crown Act 2013</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Throne_Act,_2013" title="Succession to the Throne Act, 2013">Succession to the Throne Act, 2013</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Succession_Act_2013" title="Royal Succession Act 2013">Royal Succession Act 2013</a> (New Zealand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_2015" title="Succession to the Crown Act 2015">Succession to the Crown Act 2015</a> (Australia)</li></ul></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Males born on or before 28 October 2011 precede their elder sisters in the line of succession.<sup id="cite_ref-BM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-n3_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-n3_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert and Leopold Windsor were listed on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/succession">official website of the British monarchy</a> until 2015 and in the 2013 edition of <i>Whitaker's Almanack</i> as following Estella Taylor (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 2004) and eligible to succeed; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/photos/britains-royal-line-of-succession/ss-BBj3lVx#image=37">MSN News</a>, and <i>Whitaker's Almanack</i> 2015 and 2021 list them after Lady Amelia Windsor and before Lady Helen Taylor. They were baptised as Catholics, and are not listed in line in editions of <i>Whitaker's</i> earlier than 2012. Debrett's says their place in the line of succession will be re-assessed when they reach the age of majority.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neither the <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_Act_1926" title="Legitimacy Act 1926">Legitimacy Act 1926</a> nor the <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_Act_1959" title="Legitimacy Act 1959">Legitimacy Act 1959</a> changed the Law of Succession.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Per the <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Declaration_of_Abdication_Act_1936" title="His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936">His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A letter from <a href="/wiki/Tony_Newton,_Baron_Newton_of_Braintree" title="Tony Newton, Baron Newton of Braintree">Tony Newton</a> as <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Tony Benn</a> indicated this was the effect of the Act of Settlement after Benn had indicated he intended to block the next accession at the Privy Council.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This declaration was similar to what members of both Houses of Parliament were originally required to take by the Test Acts. Eventually, by the time it was changed in 1910, the monarch was the only one left required to make the declaration.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BM_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BM_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/succession">"Succession"</a>. <i>Official website of the British monarchy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160513014456/https://www.royal.uk/succession">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+website+of+the+British+monarchy&rft.atitle=Succession&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Fsuccession&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bogdanor_55-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bogdanor_55_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bogdanor_55_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bogdanor (1995), p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReitwiesner" class="citation web cs1">Reitwiesner, W. A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wargs.com/essays/succession/2001.html">"Persons eligible to succeed to the British Throne as of 1 Jan 2001"</a>. <i>wargs.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050609073923/http://www.wargs.com/essays/succession/2001.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wargs.com&rft.atitle=Persons+eligible+to+succeed+to+the+British+Throne+as+of+1+Jan+2001&rft.aulast=Reitwiesner&rft.aufirst=W.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wargs.com%2Fessays%2Fsuccession%2F2001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110517155140/http://www.wargs.com/essays/succession/2011.html">"Persons eligible to succeed to the British Throne as of 1 Jan 2011"</a>. <i>wargs.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wargs.com/essays/succession/2011.html">the original</a> on 17 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wargs.com&rft.atitle=Persons+eligible+to+succeed+to+the+British+Throne+as+of+1+Jan+2011&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wargs.com%2Fessays%2Fsuccession%2F2011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj_2011-04-27-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wsj_2011-04-27_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonne2011" class="citation news cs1">Sonne, Paul (27 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704889404576276502793788310.html">"Last in the Line of Succession, Ms. Vogel Is Glad She Isn't Queen"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927122509/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704889404576276502793788310.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Last+in+the+Line+of+Succession%2C+Ms.+Vogel+Is+Glad+She+Isn%27t+Queen&rft.date=2011-04-27&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Sonne&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052748704889404576276502793788310.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/succession">"Succession"</a>, retrieved 11 February 2025</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://debretts.com/royal-family/line-of-succession">Debrett's, "The Line of Succession"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitaker's Almanack, 2021. Oxford: Rebellion, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7810-8978-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7810-8978-1">978-1-7810-8978-1</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blackstone-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blackstone_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackstone_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackstone_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackstone_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackstone_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lonang.com/library/reference/blackstone-commentaries-law-england/bla-103/"><i>Commentaries on the Laws of England,</i> book 1, chapter 3: "Of the King, and His Title"</a> (1765-69), Sir William Blackstone</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">7 Hen. IV. c. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrimes1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Bertram_Chrimes" title="Stanley Bertram Chrimes">Chrimes, S. B.</a> (1999). <i>Henry VII</i>. Yale University. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=db8JCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50">50</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3000-7883-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3000-7883-1"><bdi>978-0-3000-7883-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+VII&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Yale+University&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-3000-7883-1&rft.aulast=Chrimes&rft.aufirst=S.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306014901/http://partyparcel.co.uk/information/price-guarantee.html#annullment">"Rotuli Parliamentorum A.D. 1485 1 Henry VII"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://partyparcel.co.uk/information/price-guarantee.html#annullment">the original</a> on 6 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rotuli+Parliamentorum+A.D.+1485+1+Henry+VII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpartyparcel.co.uk%2Finformation%2Fprice-guarantee.html%23annullment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2021" class="citation book cs1">Smith, G. Barnett (19 March 2021) [1892]. <i>History of the English Parliament</i>. Ward, Lock, Bowden & Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024035605?urlappend=%3Bseq=332">298</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+English+Parliament&rft.pages=298&rft.pub=Ward%2C+Lock%2C+Bowden+%26+Co.&rft.date=2021-03-19&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=G.+Barnett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morvern French, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irss.uoguelph.ca/index.php/irss/article/view/6575">'Ostentatious by nature: Flemish Material Culture at the Marriage of James IV and Margaret Tudor', <i>International Review of Scottish Studies</i>, 46 (2021), pp. 27–54</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Doran" title="Susan Doran">Susan Doran</a>, <i>From Tudor to Stuart: The Regime Change from Elizabeth I to James I</i> (Oxford, 2024), p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Merriman" title="Marcus Merriman">Marcus Merriman</a>, <i>The Rough Wooings</i> (East Linton: Tuckwell, 2000), pp. 6–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lynch_(historian)" title="Michael Lynch (historian)">Michael Lynch</a>, <i>Scotland, A New History</i> (Pimlico, 1991), pp. 221–222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Courtney, <i>James VI, Britannic Prince: King of Scots and Elizabeth's Heir, 1566–1603</i> (Routledge, 2024), p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_1603">"Succession to the Crown Act 1603"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605054009/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_1603">Archived</a> 5 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/revolution/collections1/parliamentary-collections/princess-sophia-act">"Princess Sophia"</a>. <i>www.parliament.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133152/https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/revolution/collections1/parliamentary-collections/princess-sophia-act">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Princess+Sophia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fabout%2Fliving-heritage%2Fevolutionofparliament%2Fparliamentaryauthority%2Frevolution%2Fcollections1%2Fparliamentary-collections%2Fprincess-sophia-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Archives/1936/01/21/Prince-of-Wales-proclaimed-King-Edward-VIII/7807693511214">"Prince of Wales proclaimed King Edward VIII"</a>. London: UPI. 21 January 1936. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820202648/http://www.upi.com/Archives/1936/01/21/Prince-of-Wales-proclaimed-King-Edward-VIII/7807693511214">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prince+of+Wales+proclaimed+King+Edward+VIII&rft.date=1936-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1936%2F01%2F21%2FPrince-of-Wales-proclaimed-King-Edward-VIII%2F7807693511214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15492607">"Girls equal in British throne succession"</a>. BBC News. 28 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116214426/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15492607">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Girls+equal+in+British+throne+succession&rft.date=2011-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-15492607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/894/made">The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 (Commencement) Order 2015</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529011836/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/894/made">Archived</a> 29 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> legislation.gov.uk; <a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Clegg, Nick</a> (26 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2015-03-26/HCWS490">"Commencement of Succession to the Crown Act 2013: Written statement"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705020637/http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2015-03-26/HCWS490">Archived</a> 5 July 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. UK Parliament.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://debretts.com/royal-family/line-of-succession">"Line of Succession"</a>. <i>Debrett's</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308135139/https://debretts.com/royal-family/line-of-succession">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Debrett%27s&rft.atitle=Line+of+Succession&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdebretts.com%2Froyal-family%2Fline-of-succession&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blackstone (1765).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Act_2013-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Act_2013_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Act_2013_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Act_2013_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/20/section/3">"Succession to the Crown Act 2013"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150709185259/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/20/section/3">Archived</a> 9 July 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. UK Parliament. Section 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936, section 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/Ann/6/11/part/2">"Article II of the Treaty of Union in the Union With Scotland Act 1706"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016222104/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/Ann/6/11/part/2">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+II+of+the+Treaty+of+Union+in+the+Union+With+Scotland+Act+1706&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Faep%2FAnn%2F6%2F11%2Fpart%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Act of Settlement, section 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLathbury1858" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lathbury" title="Thomas Lathbury">Lathbury, Thomas</a> (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistorybookcom00lathgoog"><i>A History of the Book of Common Prayer and Other Books of Authority</i></a>. Oxford: John Henry and James Parker. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistorybookcom00lathgoog/page/n447">430</a>. <q>George I. remained a Lutheran as long as he lived, and had his German chaplain; but he conformed on some occasions with the Church of England. George II. was in the same position. Though Lutherans, they exercised acts of supremacy in the Church of England; and the common opinion was, that there was no opposition between the views of the two Churches</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Book+of+Common+Prayer+and+Other+Books+of+Authority&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=430&rft.pub=John+Henry+and+James+Parker&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Lathbury&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fahistorybookcom00lathgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/WillandMarSess2/1/2">Bill of Rights</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210826183018/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/WillandMarSess2/1/2">Archived</a> 26 August 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> section I</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bill of Rights, section I; Act of Settlement, preamble</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/accession">"Accession"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605095603/https://www.royal.uk/accession">Archived</a> 5 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Official website of the British monarchy. Retrieved 7 May 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bogdanor (1995), p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/gun-salutes">"Gun Salutes"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401180817/https://www.royal.uk/gun-salutes">Archived</a> 1 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Official website of the British monarchy. Retrieved 7 May 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Accession Declaration Act 1910, schedule</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Union with Scotland Act 1706, article XXV. "...And Lastly that after the Decease of Her Present Majesty (whom God long preserve) the Soveraign succeeding to her in the Royal Government of the Kingdom of Great Britain shall in all time comeing at his or her accession to the Crown Swear and Subscribe That they shall inviolably maintain and preserve the foresaid settlement of the True Protestant Religion with the Government Worship Discipline Right and Priviledges of this Church as above established by the Laws of this Kingdom in prosecution of the Claim of Right..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Regency Act 1937, section 1(2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-royal.gov-coronation-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-royal.gov-coronation_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/coronation">"Coronation"</a>. <i>Official website of the British monarchy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190205125036/https://www.royal.uk/coronation">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+website+of+the+British+monarchy&rft.atitle=Coronation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Fcoronation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/counsellors-state">"Counsellors of State"</a>. <i>The Royal Family</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422140025/https://www.royal.uk/counsellors-state">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Family&rft.atitle=Counsellors+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Fcounsellors-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2022/47/enacted">"Counsellors of State Act 2022"</a>. The National Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230729005020/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2022/47/enacted">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Counsellors+of+State+Act+2022&rft.pub=The+National+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2022%2F47%2Fenacted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Blackstone, William (1765). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonang.com/exlibris/blackstone/bla-103.htm">"Chapter 3: Of The King, and His Title"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203001156/http://www.lonang.com/exlibris/blackstone/bla-103.htm">Archived</a> 3 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Commentaries on the Laws of England</i>, Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</li> <li>Bogdanor, Vernon (1995). <i>The Monarchy and the Constitution.</i> Oxford: Clarendon Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1982-9334-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1982-9334-7">978-0-1982-9334-7</a>.</li> <li>Bryant, A. (1975). <i>A Thousand Years of British Monarchy.</i> London: Collins.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox1999" class="citation journal cs1">Cox, Noel (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/ALRS/1999/1.html">"The Law of Succession to the Crown in New Zealand"</a>. <i>Waikato Law Review</i>. <b>7</b>: <span class="nowrap">49–</span>72. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150914130701/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/ALRS/1999/1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waikato+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Law+of+Succession+to+the+Crown+in+New+Zealand&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E49-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Fjournals%2FALRS%2F1999%2F1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccession+to+the+British+throne" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/WillandMarSess2/1/2">Text</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">Bill of Rights 1689</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aep/Will3/12-13/2">Text</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701" title="Act of Settlement 1701">Act of Settlement 1701</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/20/enacted">Full text</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_2013" title="Succession to the Crown Act 2013">Succession to the Crown Act 2013</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23272491">"Royal Family tree and line of succession"</a> at the BBC website, 29 June 2018. Biographies of the Queen's descendants in order of their place in the line of succession.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lineofsuccession.co.uk">British line of succession</a> on any date back to 1820.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Succession_Act" title="First Succession Act">Succession Act 1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Succession_Act" title="Second Succession Act">Succession Act 1536</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Succession_Act" title="Third Succession Act">Succession Act 1543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Oath_Act_1688" title="Coronation Oath Act 1688">Coronation Oath Act 1688</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">Bill of Rights 1689</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claim_of_Right_1689" title="Claim of Right 1689">Claim of Right 1689</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701" title="Act of Settlement 1701">Act of Settlement 1701</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Act of Union 1706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_Declaration_Act_1910" title="Accession Declaration Act 1910">Accession Declaration Act 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Declaration_of_Abdication_Act_1936" title="His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936">His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_Agreement" title="Perth Agreement">Perth Agreement 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_2013" title="Succession to the Crown Act 2013">Succession to the Crown Act 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regency_Acts" title="Regency Acts">Regency Acts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orders_of_succession63" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orders_of_succession_by_country" title="Template:Orders of succession by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orders_of_succession_by_country" title="Template talk:Orders of succession by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orders_of_succession_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orders of succession by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orders_of_succession63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Orders of succession</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monarchies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Bahraini_throne" title="Succession to the Bahraini throne">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Belgian_throne" title="Succession to the Belgian throne">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Bhutanese_throne" title="Succession to the Bhutanese throne">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Bruneian_throne" title="Succession to the Bruneian throne">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Danish_throne" title="Succession to the Danish throne">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Swazi_throne" title="Succession to the Swazi throne">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Japanese_throne" title="Succession to the Japanese throne">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Jordanian_throne" title="Succession to the Jordanian throne">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Mosotho_throne" title="Succession to the Mosotho throne">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Liechtensteiner_throne" title="Succession to the Liechtensteiner throne">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Luxembourgish_throne" title="Succession to the Luxembourgish throne">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Malaysian_thrones" title="Succession to the Malaysian thrones">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Monegasque_throne" title="Succession to the Monegasque throne">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Moroccan_throne" title="Succession to the Moroccan throne">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Dutch_throne" title="Succession to the Dutch throne">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Norwegian_throne" title="Succession to the Norwegian throne">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Omani_throne" title="Succession to the Omani throne">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Saudi_Arabian_throne" title="Succession to the Saudi Arabian throne">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Spanish_throne" title="Succession to the Spanish throne">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Swedish_throne" title="Succession to the Swedish throne">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Palace_Law_of_Succession" title="1924 Palace Law of Succession">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Tongan_throne" title="Succession to the Tongan throne">Tonga</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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of succession">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_presidential_line_of_succession" title="Uruguayan presidential line of succession">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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