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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Gamma (satélite) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gamma (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87)" title="گاما (ماهواره) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاما (ماهواره)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_(satellite)" title="Gamma (satellite) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gamma (satellite)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Gamma (satélite) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gamma (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B4%D5%A1_(%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="Գամմա (աստղադիտարան) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գամմա (աստղադիտարան)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_(satelit)" title="Gamma (satelit) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gamma (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Гамма (обсерватория) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гамма (обсерватория)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Гамма (обсерваторія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гамма (обсерваторія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Soviet gamma ray telescope</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Gamma</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mir-27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mir-27.jpg/260px-Mir-27.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mir-27.jpg/390px-Mir-27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mir-27.jpg/520px-Mir-27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="1092" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Drawing of the <i>Gamma</i> space telescope satellite. The spaceframe and subsystems of the satellite were based on the <a href="/wiki/Progress_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress spacecraft">Progress spacecraft</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Federal_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federal Space Agency">RKA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-058A">1990-058A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49947#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">20683</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">2 years</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">Bus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Soyuz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">7,350 kg (16,200 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">July 11, 1990<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1990-07-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U2" title="Soyuz-U2">Soyuz-U2</a><sup id="cite_ref-nssdc_orbit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdc_orbit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gunter_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> <a href="/wiki/Site_1/5" class="mw-redirect" title="Site 1/5">Site 1/5</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gunter_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decay date</th><td class="infobox-data">February 28, 1992<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1992-02-28</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.00326</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">190 km<sup id="cite_ref-nssdc_orbit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdc_orbit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">233 km<sup id="cite_ref-nssdc_orbit_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdc_orbit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">51.6°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">88.45  min</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Main</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wavelengths</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">Gamma ray</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Instruments</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Gamma-1 telescope (50 <a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a> to 6 <a href="/wiki/GeV" class="mw-redirect" title="GeV">GeV</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-gamma_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamma-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> Disk-M telescope (20 <a href="/wiki/KeV" class="mw-redirect" title="KeV">keV</a> to 5 MeV)<sup id="cite_ref-gamma_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamma-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> Pulsar X-2 telescope (2–25 keV)<sup id="cite_ref-gamma_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamma-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gamma</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray_telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma ray telescope">gamma ray telescope</a>. It was launched on 11 July 1990 into an orbit around <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> with a height of 375 km and an <a href="/wiki/Inclination" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclination">inclination</a> of 51.6 degrees. It lasted for around 2 years. On board the mission were three telescopes, all of which could be pointed at the same source. The project was a joint Soviet-French project.<sup id="cite_ref-gamma_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamma-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamma_(satellite)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gamma-1 telescope was the main telescope. It consisted of 2 <a href="/wiki/Scintillation_counter" title="Scintillation counter">scintillation counters</a> and a gas <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cerenkov_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Čerenkov radiation">Cerenkov counter</a>. With an effective area of around 0.2 square metres (2.2 sq ft), it operated in the energy range of 50 <a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a> to 6 <a href="/wiki/GeV" class="mw-redirect" title="GeV">GeV</a>. At 100 MeV it initially had an <a href="/wiki/Angular_resolution" title="Angular resolution">angular resolution</a> of 1.5 <a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">degrees</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Field_of_view" title="Field of view">field of view</a> of 5 degrees and an energy resolution of 12%. A Telezvezda <a href="/wiki/Star_tracker" title="Star tracker">star tracker</a> increased the pointing position accuracy of the Gamma-1 telescope to 2 <a href="/wiki/Arcminute" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcminute">arcminutes</a> by tracking stars up to an <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent magnitude</a> of 5 within its 6 by 6 degree field of view. However, due to the failure of power to a <a href="/wiki/Spark_chamber" title="Spark chamber">spark chamber</a>, for most of the mission the resolution was around 10 degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-gamma_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamma-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The telescope was conceived in 1965, as part of the Soviet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_Space_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cloud Space Station (page does not exist)">Cloud Space Station</a>, which evolved into the Multi-module Orbital Complex (MOK).<sup id="cite_ref-astronautix_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-astronautix-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When work on Gamma finally began in 1972, it was intended to create a <i>Gamma observatory</i>, the first space station module for MOK, the first modular space station in the <a href="/wiki/Salyut_programme" title="Salyut programme">Salyut programme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mir_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mir-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this, it was designed to add the scientific instruments of the observatory to a spacecraft derived from the <a href="/wiki/Progress_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress spacecraft">Progress spacecraft</a> – with the Progress in turn being a <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz spacecraft">Soyuz spacecraft</a> derivate – and that this spacecraft would dock to a MOK space station. However, in 1974, at the time it became a joint venture with France, the MOK space station project was canceled, and in February 1976, the Soviet space program was reconfigured. When on 16 February 1979 production of the telescope was authorized, the plans for the Soviet space station modules had evolved to use the <a href="/wiki/Functional_Cargo_Block" title="Functional Cargo Block">Functional Cargo Block</a> of the <a href="/wiki/TKS_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="TKS spacecraft">TKS spacecraft</a> instead, with the <a href="/wiki/Kvant-1" title="Kvant-1">Kvant-1</a> Roentgen observatory eventually becoming the first such module for <a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a> – as a result of these changes the <i>Gamma observatory</i> was redesigned as the free flying <i>Gamma satellite</i>. At that time the telescope was authorized in 1979, it was planned to be launched in 1984, but the actual launch was delayed until 1990. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamma_(satellite)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Disk-M telescope operated in the energy range 20 <a href="/wiki/KeV" class="mw-redirect" title="KeV">keV</a> – 5 MeV. It consisted of <a href="/wiki/Sodium_iodide" title="Sodium iodide">Sodium iodide</a> scintillation <a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystals</a>, and had an angular resolution of 25 arcminutes. However, it stopped working shortly after the mission was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-gamma_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamma-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, the Pulsar X-2 telescope had 30 arcminute resolution and a 10 deg x 10 deg field of view, and operated in the energy range 2–25 keV.<sup id="cite_ref-gamma_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamma-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Observations included studies of the <a href="/wiki/Vela_Pulsar" title="Vela Pulsar">Vela Pulsar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Center" title="Galactic Center">Galactic Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_X-1" title="Cygnus X-1">Cygnus X-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hercules_X-1" title="Hercules X-1">Hercules X-1</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Crab_Nebula" title="Crab Nebula">Crab Nebula</a>. The telescopes also measured the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> during peak <a href="/wiki/Solar_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar variation">solar activity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gamma_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamma-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamma_(satellite)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aelita_(spacecraft)" title="Aelita (spacecraft)">Aelita (spacecraft)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamma_(satellite)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.daviddarling.info&rft.atitle=Gamma+%28Soviet+orbiting+telescope%29&rft.aulast=Darling&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daviddarling.info%2Fencyclopedia%2FG%2FGamma_orbiting_telescope.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamma+%28satellite%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nssdc_orbit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nssdc_orbit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdc_orbit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdc_orbit_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-058A">"NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Trajectory Details"</a>. <i>nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov</i>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=NASA+%E2%80%93+NSSDCA+%E2%80%93+Spacecraft+%E2%80%93+Trajectory+Details&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D1990-058A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamma+%28satellite%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gunter-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gunter_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunter_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrebs" class="citation web cs1">Krebs, Gunter Dirk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gamma.htm">"Gamma"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=Gamma&rft.aulast=Krebs&rft.aufirst=Gunter+Dirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fgamma.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamma+%28satellite%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gamma-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gamma_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamma_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamma_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamma_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamma_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamma_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamma_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamma_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/gamma.html">"The Gamma Satellite"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gamma+Satellite&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2Fheasarc%2Fmissions%2Fgamma.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamma+%28satellite%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-astronautix-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-astronautix_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080706163625/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/gamma.htm">"Gamma"</a>. Astronautix.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/craft/gamma.htm">the original</a> on 2008-07-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gamma&rft.pub=Astronautix.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fcraft%2Fgamma.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamma+%28satellite%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mir-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mir_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPortree1995" class="citation web cs1">Portree, David (March 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090907191412/http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/RP1357.pdf">"Mir Hardware Heritage"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/RP1357.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mir+Hardware+Heritage&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1995-03&rft.aulast=Portree&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fston.jsc.nasa.gov%2Fcollections%2FTRS%2F_techrep%2FRP1357.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamma+%28satellite%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamma_(satellite)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">Radio and Microwave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Science_payloads" title="Chang'e 4">NCLE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1994)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infrared_telescope" title="Infrared telescope">Infrared</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optical_telescope" title="Optical telescope">Optical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stars-AO" title="Stars-AO">Aoi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRITE" title="BRITE">BRITE</a> constellation <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" title="Deep Space Climate Observatory">DSCOVR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(spacecraft)" title="Euclid (spacecraft)">Euclid</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#Mission_extension" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HiRISE" title="HiRISE">HiRISE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1990)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Object_Surveillance_Satellite" title="Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite">NEOSSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_astronomy" title="Ultraviolet astronomy">Ultraviolet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" title="Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibari_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibari (satellite)">Hibari</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph">IRIS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X-ray_astronomy" title="X-ray astronomy">X-ray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_astronomy" title="Gamma-ray astronomy">Gamma-ray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra (AXAF)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Probe" title="Einstein Probe">Einstein Probe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_X-ray_Modulation_Telescope" title="Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope">HXMT (Insight)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL">INTEGRAL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2002)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_Wave_High-energy_Electromagnetic_Counterpart_All-sky_Monitor" title="Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor">GECAM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IXPE" title="IXPE">IXPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-RG" title="Spektr-RG">Spektr-RG</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Variable_Objects_Monitor" title="Space Variable Objects Monitor">SVOM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Valier_(satellite)" title="Max Valier (satellite)">Max Valier Sat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXI_(ISS_Experiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="MAXI (ISS Experiment)">MAXI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2009)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_Star_Interior_Composition_Explorer" title="Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer">NICER</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2012)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_Eye_Imager_for_Astronomy" title="Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy">LEIA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission">XRISM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPoSat" title="XPoSat">XPoSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1999)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (particle<br />or unclassified)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer">ACE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1997)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">AMS-02</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer" title="Interstellar Boundary Explorer">IBEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Ray_Energetics_and_Mass_Experiment#ISS-CREAM" title="Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass Experiment">ISS-CREAM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">Mini-EUSO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PETREL" title="PETREL">PETREL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">K-EUSO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Spectrometer_and_Imager" title="Compton Spectrometer and Imager">COSI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26#Scientific_payload" title="Luna 26">LORD</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASMINE_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="JASMINE (satellite)">JASMINE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar-C_EUVST" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar-C EUVST">Solar-C EUVST</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2029)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-UV" title="Spektr-UV">Spektr-UV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2030)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UVEX" title="UVEX">UVEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2030)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-M" title="Spektr-M">Spektr-M</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2030+)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2032)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiji_Program_in_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiji Program in Space">Taiji</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2033)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">Athena</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2035)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna">LISA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2035)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_space_observatories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proposed space observatories">Proposed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcus_(satellite)" title="Arcus (satellite)">Arcus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astro-1_Telescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astro-1 Telescope (page does not exist)">Astro-1 Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstroSat-2" title="AstroSat-2">AstroSat-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnel_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresnel Imager">Fresnel Imager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOCAL_(spacecraft)" title="FOCAL (spacecraft)">FOCAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Solar_Space_Telescope" title="Galileo Solar Space Telescope">GSST-PMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Exoplanets_Observatory" title="Habitable Exoplanets Observatory">HabEx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Worlds_Observatory" title="Habitable Worlds Observatory">HWO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertelescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertelescope">Hypertelescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Observatory" title="International Lunar Observatory">ILO-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXI_(ISS_experiment)#iWF-MAXI" title="MAXI (ISS experiment)">iWF-MAXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">JEM-EUSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Ultraviolet_Cosmic_Imager" title="Lunar Ultraviolet Cosmic Imager">LUCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Ultraviolet_Optical_Infrared_Surveyor" title="Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor">LUVOIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_X-ray_Observatory" title="Lynx X-ray Observatory">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">Nano-JASMINE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Deep_Space_Observatory" title="Nautilus Deep Space Observatory">Nautilus Deep Space Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Worlds_Mission" title="New Worlds Mission">New Worlds Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_National_Reconnaissance_Office_space_telescope_donation_to_NASA" title="2012 National Reconnaissance Office space telescope donation to NASA">NRO donation to NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Binary_Black_Hole_Investigation_Satellite" title="Orbiting Binary Black Hole Investigation Satellite">ORBIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_Space_Telescope" title="Origins Space Telescope">OST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXSI_Sounding_Rocket" title="FOXSI Sounding Rocket">PhoENiX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar-D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solar-D (page does not exist)">Solar-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Solar_Telescope" title="Space Solar Telescope">Space Solar Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescope_for_Habitable_Exoplanets_and_Interstellar/Intergalactic_Astronomy" title="Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/Intergalactic Astronomy">THEIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THESEUS_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="THESEUS (satellite)">THESEUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGILE_(satellite)" title="AGILE (satellite)">AGILE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2007–2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akari_(satellite)" title="Akari (satellite)">Akari (Astro-F)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Array_of_Low_Energy_X-ray_Imaging_Sensors" title="Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors">ALEXIS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alouette_1" title="Alouette 1">Alouette 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1962–1972)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_1" title="Ariel 1">Ariel 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1962, 1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_2" title="Ariel 2">Ariel 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_3" title="Ariel 3">Ariel 3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1967–1969)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_4" title="Ariel 4">Ariel 4</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971–1972)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_5" title="Ariel 5">Ariel 5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1974–1980)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariel 6">Ariel 6</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTERIA_(spacecraft)" title="ASTERIA (spacecraft)">ASTERIA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Telescope_Mount" title="Apollo Telescope Mount">ATM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973–1974)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics">ASCA (Astro-D)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-35" title="STS-35">Astro-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Band_X-ray_Telescope" title="Broad Band X-ray Telescope">BBXRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkins_Ultraviolet_Telescope" title="Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope">HUT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-67" title="STS-67">Astro-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hopkins_Ultraviolet_Telescope" title="Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope">HUT</a>) <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(spacecraft)" title="Astron (spacecraft)">Astron</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Netherlands_Satellite" title="Astronomical Netherlands Satellite">ANS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1974–1976)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeppoSAX" title="BeppoSAX">BeppoSAX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–2003)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">CHIPSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma Ray Observatory">Compton (CGRO)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991–2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cos-B" title="Cos-B">Cos-B</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXBN-2" title="CXBN-2">CXBN-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-54#Mission_highlights" title="STS-54">DXS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPOXI#EPOCh" title="EPOXI">EPOCh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI">EPOXI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_11" title="Explorer 11">Explorer 11</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1961)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1986)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer">EUVE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Ultraviolet_Spectroscopic_Explorer" title="Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer">FUSE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999–2007)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvant-1" title="Kvant-1">Kvant-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2013)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gamma</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–1992)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite)">Ginga (Astro-C)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1998)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho (CORSA-b)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HALCA" title="HALCA">HALCA (MUSES-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1997–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Astronomy_Observatory_1" title="High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1">HEAO-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1977–1979)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori (Astro-A)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1981–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki (SPRINT-A)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Observatory" title="Einstein Observatory">HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1978–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Astronomy_Observatory_3" title="High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3">HEAO-3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1981)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">HETE-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000–2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Observatory" title="International Lunar Observatory">ILO-X</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS">IRAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit#Experimentation_data" title="Space Flyer Unit">IRTS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995–1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory">ISO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–1998)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer">IUE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1978–1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Remote_Sensing_Programme" title="Indian Remote Sensing Programme">IXAE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristall" title="Kristall">Kristall</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEGRI" title="LEGRI">LEGRI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1997–2002)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOST (satellite)">MOST</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midcourse_Space_Experiment" title="Midcourse Space Experiment">MSX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–1997)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhailo_Lomonosov_(satellite)" title="Mikhailo Lomonosov (satellite)">Mikhailo Lomonosov</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–2019?)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory_2" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2">OAO-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1968–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-3_(Copernicus)" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-3 (Copernicus)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972–1981)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">Orbiting Solar Observatory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSO_1" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 1">OSO 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_3" title="OSO 3">OSO 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_4" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 4">OSO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_5" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 5">OSO 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_6" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 6">OSO 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_7" title="OSO 7">OSO 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_8" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 8">OSO 8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(space_telescope)" title="Orion (space telescope)">Orion 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(space_telescope)" title="Orion (space telescope)">Orion 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAMELA_detector" title="PAMELA detector">PAMELA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2016)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PicSat" title="PicSat">PicSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_(spacecraft)" title="Planck (spacecraft)">Planck</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELIKT-1" title="RELIKT-1">RELIKT-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1984)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">R/HESSI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002–2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROSAT" title="ROSAT">ROSAT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">RXTE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995–2012)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Anomalous_and_Magnetospheric_Particle_Explorer" title="Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer">SAMPEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992–2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_2" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 2">SAS-B</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_3" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 3">SAS-C</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1979)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solwind" title="Solwind">Solwind</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-R" title="Spektr-R">Spektr-R</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku (Astro-EII)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005–2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Thermospheric_Satellite" title="Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite">Taiyo (SRATS)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1980)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma (Astro-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)">Uhuru</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_3" title="Vanguard 3">Vanguard 3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1959)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001–2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yokoh (Solar-A)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991–2001)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hibernating <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Mission completed)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submillimeter_Wave_Astronomy_Satellite" title="Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite">SWAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1998–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRACE" title="TRACE">TRACE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1998–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost/Failed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-1" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-B" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-B</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Radiation_Satellite" title="Cosmic Radiation Satellite">CORSA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1976)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXBN" title="CXBN">CXBN</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2012–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO C</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1965)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABRIXAS" title="ABRIXAS">ABRIXAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">HETE-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Infrared_Explorer" title="Wide Field Infrared Explorer">WIRE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)#ASTRO-E" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Astro-E</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSUBAME_(satellite)" title="TSUBAME (satellite)">Tsubame</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014–2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi (Astro-H)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aelita_(spacecraft)" title="Aelita (spacecraft)">Aelita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOSO" class="mw-redirect" title="AOSO">AOSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astro-G" title="Astro-G">Astro-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation-X_Observatory" title="Constellation-X Observatory">Constellation-X</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Energy_Space_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Energy Space Telescope">Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EChO" title="EChO">EChO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eddington_(spacecraft)" title="Eddington (spacecraft)">Eddington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-sky_Astrometric_Mapping_Explorer" title="Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer">FAME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Infrared_Exoplanet_Spectroscopy_Survey_Explorer" title="Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer">FINESSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_and_Extreme_Magnetism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity and Extreme Magnetism">GEMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Origins_Probe" title="Hubble Origins Probe">HOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_X-ray_Observatory" title="International X-ray Observatory">IXO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Dark_Energy_Mission" title="Joint Dark Energy Mission">JDEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOFT" title="LOFT">LOFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_J" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO J">OSO J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_K" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO K">OSO K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Space_Telescope" title="Sentinel Space Telescope">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Interferometry_Mission" title="Space Interferometry Mission">SIM & SIMlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova/Acceleration_Probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernova/Acceleration Probe">SNAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Polarization_Observatory" title="Sky Polarization Observatory">SPOrt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAUVEX" title="TAUVEX">TAUVEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Planet_Finder" title="Terrestrial Planet Finder">TPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XEUS" title="XEUS">XEUS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XIPE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XIPE (page does not exist)">XIPE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_telescopes" title="List of space telescopes">List of space telescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_space_telescopes" title="List of proposed space telescopes">List of proposed space telescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_telescope" title="X-ray telescope">X-ray telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heliophysics_missions" title="List of heliophysics missions">List of heliophysics missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planetariums" title="List of planetariums">List of planetariums</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hubble_(film)" title="Hubble (film)">Hubble</a></i> (2010 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unknown:_Cosmic_Time_Machine" title="Unknown: Cosmic Time Machine">Unknown: Cosmic Time Machine</a></i> (2023 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Space_telescopes" title="Category:Space telescopes">Category:Space telescopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soyuz_spacecraft_variants135" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soyuz_variants" title="Template:Soyuz variants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soyuz_variants" title="Template talk:Soyuz variants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soyuz_variants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soyuz variants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soyuz_spacecraft_variants135" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz spacecraft variants</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early programme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sever_(spacecraft)" title="Sever (spacecraft)">Sever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-A" title="Soyuz-A">Soyuz 7K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-B" title="Soyuz-B">Soyuz 9K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-V" title="Soyuz-V">Soyuz 11K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-VI">Soyuz-VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_P" title="Soyuz P">Soyuz P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Soyuz" title="Military Soyuz">Soyuz PPK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Soyuz" title="Military Soyuz">Soyuz R</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/200px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/300px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/400px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2274" data-file-height="1506" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7K series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-OK" title="Soyuz 7K-OK">Soyuz 7K-OK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1" title="Soyuz 7K-L1">Soyuz 7K-L1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-LOK" title="Soyuz 7K-LOK">Soyuz 7K-LOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-TK" title="Soyuz 7K-TK">Soyuz 7K-TK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-T/AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-T/AF">Soyuz 7K-T/AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-OKS" title="Soyuz 7K-OKS">Soyuz 7K-OKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-T" title="Soyuz 7K-T">Soyuz 7K-T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-TM" title="Soyuz 7K-TM">Soyuz 7K-TM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-MF6" title="Soyuz 7K-MF6">Soyuz 7K-MF6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Later series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz T">Soyuz T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz TM">Soyuz TM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA" title="Soyuz TMA">Soyuz TMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-M" title="Soyuz TMA-M">Soyuz TMA-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS" title="Soyuz MS">Soyuz MS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Progress_(spacecraft)" title="Progress (spacecraft)">Progress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_7K-TG" title="Progress 7K-TG">Progress 7K-TG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress M">Progress M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M1" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress M1">Progress M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_MS" title="Progress MS">Progress MS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aelita_(spacecraft)" title="Aelita (spacecraft)">Aelita</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gamma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soviet_and_Russian_space_program317" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_space_program" title="Template:Russian space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_space_program" title="Template talk:Russian space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_and_Russian_space_program317" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian space program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a> <small>(in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Dombarovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" title="Kapustin Yar">Kapustin Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny Cosmodrome</a> <small>(defunct)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg/80px-Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg/120px-Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg/160px-Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_programme" title="Voskhod programme">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Salyut program">Salyut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> <small>(incorporated into Salyut program)</small> / <a href="/wiki/TKS_(spacecraft)" title="TKS (spacecraft)">TKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Soyuz-Apollo</a> <small>(joint)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle–Mir Program">Shuttle–Mir</a> <small>(joint)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buran_programme" title="Buran programme">Buran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond (7K-L1)</a> <small>(Moon flyby)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Soviet crewed lunar programs</a> <small>(Moon landing)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(moonbase)" title="Zvezda (moonbase)">Zvezda</a> <small>(moonbase)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMK" title="TMK">TMK</a> <small>(Mars/Venus flyby)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105">Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Soyuz#Soyuz_7K-VI_Zvezda" title="Military Soyuz">Zvezda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarya_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zarya (spacecraft)">Zarya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAKS_(spacecraft)" title="MAKS (spacecraft)">MAKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliper" title="Kliper">Kliper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> <small>(joint)</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">Russian Orbital Segment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_programme" title="Soyuz programme">Soyuz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft)" title="Orel (spacecraft)">Orel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnepropetrovsk_Sputnik" title="Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik">Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik</a> (1961–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prognoz_programme" title="Prognoz programme">Prognoz</a> (1972–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna</a> (1958–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera" title="Venera">Venera</a> (1961–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a> (1964–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(spacecraft)" title="Astron (spacecraft)">Astron</a> (1983-1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_program" title="Vega program">Vega</a> (1984-1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_program" title="Phobos program">Phobos</a> <small>(failed)</small> (1988-1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a> (1989-1998)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gamma</a> (1990-1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a> <small>(failed)</small> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurs-DK_No.1" title="Resurs-DK No.1">Resurs-DK No.1</a> (2006-2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORONAS_programme" title="CORONAS programme">CORONAS</a> (1994-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a> <small>(failed)</small> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-R" title="Spektr-R">Spektr-R</a> (2011–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">Luna 25</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(failed)</span> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kazachok" title="Kazachok">Kazachok</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bion_(satellite)" title="Bion (satellite)">Bion-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektro%E2%80%93L" title="Elektro–L">Elektro–L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">Trace Gas Orbiter</a> <small>(joint)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_(satellite)" title="Meteor (satellite)">Meteor-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurs-P" title="Resurs-P">Resurs-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-RG" title="Spektr-RG">Spektr-RG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-UV" title="Spektr-UV">Spektr-UV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik programme">Sputnik</a> (begun 1957) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2">Sputnik 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_3" title="Sputnik 3">Sputnik 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_41" title="Sputnik 41">Sputnik 41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_99" title="Sputnik 99">Sputnik 99</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luch_(satellite)" title="Luch (satellite)">Luch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Deep_Space_Network" title="Soviet Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_(rocket_booster)" title="Baikal (rocket booster)">Baikal-Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace-P" title="Laplace-P">Laplace-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars-Grunt" title="Mars-Grunt">Mars-Grunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-P" title="Mercury-P">Mercury-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Piloted_Assembly_and_Experiment_Complex" title="Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex">OPSEK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-M" title="Spektr-M">Spektr-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera-D" title="Venera-D">Venera-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfera_(satellite_constellation)" title="Sfera (satellite constellation)">Sfera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Images and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cosmonauts" title="List of cosmonauts">List of cosmonauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Cosmonaut ranks and positions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilot-Cosmonaut_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation">Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs" title="Soviet space dogs">Soviet space dogs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laika" title="Laika">Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belka_and_Strelka" title="Belka and Strelka">Belka and Strelka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs#Veterok_and_Ugolyok" title="Soviet space dogs">Veterok and Ugolyok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ivanovich_(Vostok_programme)" title="Ivan Ivanovich (Vostok programme)">Ivan Ivanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_exploration_history_on_Soviet_stamps" title="Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps">Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmonauts_Alley" title="Cosmonauts Alley">Cosmonauts Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Conquerors_of_Space" title="Monument to the Conquerors of Space">Monument to the Conquerors of Space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Museum_of_Cosmonautics" title="Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics">Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_Present" title="Out of the Present">Out of the Present</a></i> (1995 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission_to_Mir" title="Mission to Mir">Mission to Mir</a></i> (1997 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" title="Space industry of Russia">Space industry of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Defence_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Defence Forces">Russian Aerospace Defence Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1989Orbital_launches_in_19901991_→618" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1990" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1990"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1990" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1990"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1990" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1990"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1989Orbital_launches_in_19901991_→618" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1989_in_spaceflight" title="1989 in spaceflight">← 1989</a></div><a href="/wiki/1990_in_spaceflight" title="1990 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1990</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1991_in_spaceflight" title="1991 in spaceflight">1991 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skynet_4A" class="mw-redirect" title="Skynet 4A">Skynet 4A</a>, <a href="/wiki/JCSAT-2" title="JCSAT-2">JCSAT-2</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-32" title="STS-32">STS-32</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leasat_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leasat 5 (page does not exist)">Leasat 5</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2055&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2055 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2055</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2056&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2056 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2056</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SPOT-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPOT-2 (page does not exist)">SPOT-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/UoSAT-3" title="UoSAT-3">UoSAT-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/UoSAT-4" title="UoSAT-4">UoSAT-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/AMSAT-OSCAR_16" title="AMSAT-OSCAR 16">Pacsat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dove-OSCAR_17" title="Dove-OSCAR 17">DOVE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webersat" class="mw-redirect" title="Webersat">Webersat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LUSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LUSat (page does not exist)">LUSat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.53L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.53L (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.53L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hagoromo_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hagoromo (spacecraft) (page does not exist)">Hagoromo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-50" title="USA-50">USA-50</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2057&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2057 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2057</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2058&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2058 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2058</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongxing_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongxing 3 (page does not exist)">Zhongxing 3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2059&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2059 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2059</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Momo_1b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Momo 1b (page does not exist)">Momo 1b</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orizuru_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orizuru (satellite) (page does not exist)">Orizuru</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuju_1b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuju 1b (page does not exist)">Fuju 1b</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-9" title="Soyuz TM-9">Soyuz TM-9</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-51" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-51">USA-51</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-52&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-52 (page does not exist)">USA-52</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran%27_No.35L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran' No.35L (page does not exist)">Gran' No.35L</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superbird_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superbird B (page does not exist)">Superbird B</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=BS_2x&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BS 2x (page does not exist)">BS 2x</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadezhda_No.405&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadezhda No.405 (page does not exist)">Nadezhda No.405</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okean-O1_No.5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okean-O1 No.5 (page does not exist)">Okean-O1 No.5</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-36" title="STS-36">STS-36</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/USA-53" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-53">USA-53</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-3" title="Progress M-3">Progress M-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_603" title="Intelsat 603">Intelsat 603</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2060&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2060 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2060</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2061&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2061 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2061</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2062&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2062 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-54" title="USA-54">USA-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2063" title="Kosmos 2063">Kosmos 2063</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ofek-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofek-2">Ofek-2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=April_1990_Soyuz-U_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="April 1990 Soyuz-U launch failure (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegsat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegsat (page does not exist)">Pegsat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-55&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-55 (page does not exist)">USA-55</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2064&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2064 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2064</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2065&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2065 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2065</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2066&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2066 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2066</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2067&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2067 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2067</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2068&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2068 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2068</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2069&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2069 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2069</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2070&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2070 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2070</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2071&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2071 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2071</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AsiaSat_1" title="AsiaSat 1">AsiaSat 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-56&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-56 (page does not exist)">USA-56</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-57&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-57 (page does not exist)">USA-57</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-58&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-58 (page does not exist)">USA-58</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foton_No.6L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foton No.6L (page does not exist)">Foton No.6L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2072&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2072 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2072</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palapa_B2R" class="mw-redirect" title="Palapa B2R">Palapa B2R</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2073&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2073 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2073</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2074&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2074 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2074</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-31" title="STS-31">STS-31</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2075&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2075 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2075</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.71 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2076" title="Kosmos 2076">Kosmos 2076</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_42" title="Progress 42">Progress 42</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2077&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2077 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2077</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacSat_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacSat 1 (page does not exist)">MacSat 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MacSat_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacSat 2 (page does not exist)">MacSat 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2078&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2078 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2078</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2079&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2079 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2079</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2080&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2080 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2080</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2081&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2081 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2081</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2082&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2082 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2082</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurs-F1_No.50&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resurs-F1 No.50 (page does not exist)">Resurs-F1 No.50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristall" title="Kristall">Kristall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROSAT" title="ROSAT">ROSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-59&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-59 (page does not exist)">USA-59</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-60&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-60 (page does not exist)">USA-60</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-61&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-61 (page does not exist)">USA-61</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-62&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-62 (page does not exist)">USA-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSAT-1D" title="INSAT-1D">INSAT-1D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya_3_No.47L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya 3 No.47L (page does not exist)">Molniya 3 No.47L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2083&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2083 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2083</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorizont_No.30L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorizont No.30L (page does not exist)">Gorizont No.30L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2084" title="Kosmos 2084">Kosmos 2084</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_604" title="Intelsat 604">Intelsat 604</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-2_No.23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-2 No.23 (page does not exist)">Meteor-2 No.23</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1990_Soyuz-U_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="July 1990 Soyuz-U launch failure (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr-1" title="Badr-1">Badr-1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optus-MFS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optus-MFS (page does not exist)">Optus-MFS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurs-F2_No.5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resurs-F2 No.5 (page does not exist)">Resurs-F2 No.5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2085&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2085 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2085</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2086&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2086 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2086</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDF_2" title="TDF 2">TDF 2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DFS_Kopernikus_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DFS Kopernikus 2 (page does not exist)">DFS Kopernikus 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2087" title="Kosmos 2087">Kosmos 2087</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRRES" title="CRRES">CRRES</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2088&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2088 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2088</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-10" title="Soyuz TM-10">Soyuz TM-10</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-63" title="USA-63">USA-63</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2089&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2089 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2089</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2090&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2090 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2090</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2091&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2091 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2091</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2092&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2092 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2092</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2093&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2093 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2093</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2094&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2094 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2094</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2095&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2095 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2095</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekran-M_No.14L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekran-M No.14L (page does not exist)">Ekran-M No.14L</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1T_No.68&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1T No.68 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1T No.68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-4" title="Progress M-4">Progress M-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurs-F1_No.49&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resurs-F1 No.49 (page does not exist)">Resurs-F1 No.49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(satellite)" title="Thor (satellite)">Marco Polo 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2096&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2096 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2096</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2097" title="Kosmos 2097">Kosmos 2097</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuri_3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuri 3a (page does not exist)">Yuri 3a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2098&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2098 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skynet_4C" class="mw-redirect" title="Skynet 4C">Skynet 4C</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eutelsat_II_F-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eutelsat II F-1 (page does not exist)">Eutelsat II F-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2099&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2099 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2099</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fengyun_I-02&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fengyun I-02 (page does not exist)">Fengyun I-02</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiqiuweixing_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qiqiuweixing 1 (page does not exist)">Qiqiuweixing 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiqiuweixing_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qiqiuweixing 2 (page does not exist)">Qiqiuweixing 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurs-F1_No.51&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resurs-F1 No.51 (page does not exist)">Resurs-F1 No.51</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2100 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2100</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.54L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.54L (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.54L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-5" title="Progress M-5">Progress M-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-2_No.25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-2 No.25 (page does not exist)">Meteor-2 No.25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2101&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2101 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-64" title="USA-64">USA-64</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=October_1990_Zenit-2_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="October 1990 Zenit-2 launch failure (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FSW-1_No.3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FSW-1 No.3 (page does not exist)">FSW-1 No.3</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-41" title="STS-41">STS-41</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_6_(satellite)" title="SBS 6 (satellite)">SBS 6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxy 6">Westar 6S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2102&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2102 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2102</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inmarsat-2F1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inmarsat-2F1 (page does not exist)">Inmarsat-2F1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorizont_No.32L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorizont No.32L (page does not exist)">Gorizont No.32L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-65&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-65 (page does not exist)">USA-65</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2103&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2103 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2103</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-38" title="STS-38">STS-38</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-67&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-67 (page does not exist)">USA-67</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prowler_(satellite)" title="Prowler (satellite)">Prowler</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2104&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2104 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2105" title="Kosmos 2105">Kosmos 2105</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satcom_C1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satcom C1 (page does not exist)">Satcom C1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=GStar_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GStar 4 (page does not exist)">GStar 4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya_1T_No.70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya 1T No.70 (page does not exist)">Molniya 1T No.70</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorizont_No.33L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorizont No.33L (page does not exist)">Gorizont No.33L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-66" title="USA-66">USA-66</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2106&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2106 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2106</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-68&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-68 (page does not exist)">USA-68</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-35" title="STS-35">STS-35</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-11" title="Soyuz TM-11">Soyuz TM-11</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2107&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2107 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2107</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2108&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2108 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2108</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2109&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2109 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2109</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2110 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2110</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2111&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2111 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2111</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2112&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2112 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2112</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran%27_No.37L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran' No.37L (page does not exist)">Gran' No.37L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2113&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2113 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2113</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2114&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2114 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2114</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2115&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2115 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2115</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2116&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2116 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2116</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2117&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2117 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2117</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2118&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2118 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2118</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2119&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2119 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2119</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2120 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2120</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Globus_No.12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globus No.12 (page does not exist)">Globus No.12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamma_(satellite)&oldid=1226560767">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamma_(satellite)&oldid=1226560767</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gamma-ray_telescopes" title="Category:Gamma-ray telescopes">Gamma-ray telescopes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_telescopes" title="Category:Space telescopes">Space telescopes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_1990" title="Category:Spacecraft launched in 1990">Spacecraft launched in 1990</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_space_observatories" title="Category:Soviet space observatories">Soviet space observatories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:France%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Category:France–Soviet Union relations">France–Soviet Union relations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 May 2024, at 12:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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