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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Emil Knoevenagel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-menu vector-dropdown vector-menu-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-menu-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84" title="امیل نووناقل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Emil_Albert_Knoevenagel" title="Heinrich Emil Albert Knoevenagel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Knoevenagel" title="Emil Knoevenagel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%84" title="امیل نووناگل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Knoevenagel" title="Emil Knoevenagel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Knoevenagel" title="Emil Knoevenagel – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Knoevenagel" title="Emil Knoevenagel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%84" title="ايميل كنوفيناجل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Knoevenagel" title="Emil Knoevenagel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Knoevenagel" title="Emil Knoevenagel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" 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.infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Emil Knoevenagel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emil_Knoevenagel_HD_ca._1892.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Emil Knoevenagel HD ca. 1892.jpg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230606065042im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Emil_Knoevenagel_HD_ca._1892.jpg/220px-Emil_Knoevenagel_HD_ca._1892.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230606065042im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Emil_Knoevenagel_HD_ca._1892.jpg/330px-Emil_Knoevenagel_HD_ca._1892.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230606065042im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Emil_Knoevenagel_HD_ca._1892.jpg/440px-Emil_Knoevenagel_HD_ca._1892.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="747"/></a><div class="infobox-caption">Emil Knoevenagel in Heidelberg for his <a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation" title="Habilitation">habilitation</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1865-06-18</span>)</span>18 June 1865<br/><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannover" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannover">Hannover</a>, <a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Kingdom of Hanover</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 August 1921<span style="display:none">(1921-08-11)</span> (aged 56)<br/><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoevenagel_condensation" title="Knoevenagel condensation">Knoevenagel condensation</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Meyer" title="Viktor Meyer">Viktor Meyer</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Heinrich Emil Albert Knoevenagel</b> (18 June 1865 – 11 August 1921) was the <a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German</a> <a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a> who established the <a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoevenagel_condensation" title="Knoevenagel condensation">Knoevenagel condensation</a> reaction. The Knoevenagel condensation reaction of <a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzaldehyde" title="Benzaldehyde">benzaldehydes</a> with <a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro_compound" title="Nitro compound">nitroalkanes</a> is a classic general method for the preparation of <a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroalkene" title="Nitroalkene">nitroalkenes</a>, which are very valuable synthetic intermediates. </p><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Works">Works</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emil_Knoevenagel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20230606065042im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20230606065042im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20230606065042im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20230606065042im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=12416122"><i>Beiträge zur Kenntnis der negativen Natur-organischer Radikale</i></a> (in German). Göttingen: Kaestner. 1889.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beitr%C3%A4ge+zur+Kenntnis+der+negativen+Natur-organischer+Radikale&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.pub=Kaestner&rft.date=1889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D12416122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmil+Knoevenagel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Praktikum des anorganischen Chemikers : Einführung in die anorganische Chemie auf experimenteller Grundlage</i> . Veit, Leipzig 2nd ed. 1909 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-20510">Digital edition</a> by the <a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_and_State_Library_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="University and State Library Düsseldorf">University and State Library Düsseldorf</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emil_Knoevenagel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://web.archive.org/web/20031107080910/http://www.omikron-online.de/cyberchem/cheminfo/namensrk/knoevena.htm">Reaction description (in German)</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emil_Knoevenagel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Emil Knoevenagel". <i><a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angewandte_Chemie" title="Angewandte Chemie">Angewandte Chemie</a></i>. <b>35</b> (5): 29–30. 1922. <a href="/web/20230606065042/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065042/https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fange.19220350503">10.1002/ange.19220350503</a>.</cite><span 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