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<span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brandeis_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brandeis_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Brandeis University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brandeis_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_of_Frankfurt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_of_Frankfurt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>University of Frankfurt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_of_Frankfurt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postgraduate_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postgraduate_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Postgraduate work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postgraduate_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professor_at_the_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles,_1969–1970" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professor_at_the_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles,_1969–1970"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, 1969–1970</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professor_at_the_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles,_1969–1970-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arrest_and_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrest_and_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Arrest and trial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrest_and_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_activities_in_the_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities_in_the_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other activities in the 1970s</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_activities_in_the_1970s-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other activities in the 1970s subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_activities_in_the_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cuba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Soviet Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>East Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jonestown_and_Peoples_Temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jonestown_and_Peoples_Temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Jonestown and Peoples Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jonestown_and_Peoples_Temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_and_political_prisoners_in_socialist_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_and_political_prisoners_in_socialist_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and political prisoners in socialist countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_and_political_prisoners_in_socialist_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_academic_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_academic_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Later academic career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_academic_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_activism_and_speeches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_activism_and_speeches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Political activism and speeches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_activism_and_speeches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representation_in_other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation_in_other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Representation in other media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Representation_in_other_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Representation in other media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Representation_in_other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References_in_other_venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_in_other_venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>References in other venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_in_other_venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_written" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_written"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Books written</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_written-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interviews_and_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interviews_and_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Interviews and appearances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interviews_and_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Angela Davis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="أنجيلا ديفيس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنجيلا ديفيس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancela_Devis" title="Ancela Devis – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ancela Devis" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="آنجلا دیویس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنجلا دیویس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81" title="Анджэла Дэвіс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Анджэла Дэвіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81" title="Анджэла Дэвіс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Анджэла Дэвіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анджела Дейвис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Анджела Дейвис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davisov%C3%A1" title="Angela Davisová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Angela Davisová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Άντζελα Ντέιβις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άντζελα Ντέιβις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="آنجلا دیویس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنجلا دیویس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A4%EC%A0%88%EB%9D%BC_%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" title="앤절라 데이비스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="앤절라 데이비스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%AA%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1_%D4%BB%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D4%B4%D6%87%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Անժելա Իվոն Դևիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անժելա Իվոն Դևիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="एंजेला डेविस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एंजेला डेविस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1" title="אנג'לה דייוויס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנג'לה דייוויס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ანჯელა დევისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანჯელა დევისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/And%C5%BEela_Deivisa" title="Andžela Deivisa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Andžela Deivisa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഏഞ്ചല ഡേവിസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഏഞ്ചല ഡേവിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="انجيلا ديفيس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انجيلا ديفيس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9" title="アンジェラ・デイヴィス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンジェラ・デイヴィス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8" title="ਐਂਜਲਾ ਡੇਵਿਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਂਜਲਾ ਡੇਵਿਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%DA%89%DB%90%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="انجيلا ډېويس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انجيلا ډېويس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Дэвис, Анджела – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дэвис, Анджела" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Андьэла Дэвис – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Андьэла Дэвис" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davisov%C3%A1" title="Angela Davisová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Angela Davisová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8E%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%DA%A4%D8%B2" title="ئەنجێلا دەیڤز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەنجێلا دەیڤز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="அஞ்செலா டேவிசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அஞ்செலா டேவிசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="แองเจลา เดวิส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แองเจลา เดวิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81" title="Анджела Девіс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Анджела Девіс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Angela Davis" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF" title="安吉拉·戴维斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安吉拉·戴维斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Y._Davis&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Y. Davis">Angela Y. Davis</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American academic and political activist (born 1944)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Angela Davis, see <a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Angela Davis (disambiguation)">Angela Davis (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Angela Davis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Angela_Davis_in_a_half-length_portrait_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Angela_Davis_in_a_half-length_portrait_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_crop.jpg/220px-Angela_Davis_in_a_half-length_portrait_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Angela_Davis_in_a_half-length_portrait_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_crop.jpg/330px-Angela_Davis_in_a_half-length_portrait_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Angela_Davis_in_a_half-length_portrait_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_crop.jpg/440px-Angela_Davis_in_a_half-length_portrait_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1551" data-file-height="2177" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1974 portrait of Davis by Bernard Gotfryd</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Angela Yvonne Davis</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1944-01-26</span>) </span>January 26, 1944<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 80)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">University of Frankfurt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Activist</li><li>scholar</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Women,_Race_and_Class" title="Women, Race and Class">Women, Race and Class</a></i> (1981)</li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Are_Prisons_Obsolete%3F" title="Are Prisons Obsolete?">Are Prisons Obsolete?</a></i> (2003)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_Correspondence_for_Democracy_and_Socialism" title="Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism">CCDS</a> (since 1991)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data org"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a> (1969–1991)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Hilton Braithwaite</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1980; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1983)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gina_Dent" title="Gina Dent">Gina Dent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eisa_Davis" title="Eisa Davis">Eisa Davis</a> (niece)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lenin_Peace_Prize" title="Lenin Peace Prize">Lenin Peace Prize</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/20th_century_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="20th century philosophy">20th century philosophy</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/21st_century_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="21st century philosophy">21st century philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Black_feminism" title="Black feminism">Black feminism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data org"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a><br /><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">University of California, Santa Cruz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Herbert Marcuse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_theory" title="Social theory">Social theory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prison_abolition" class="mw-redirect" title="Prison abolition">prison abolition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">intersectionality</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Marxism" title="Black Marxism">Black Marxism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Angela Yvonne Davis</b> (born January 26, 1944) is an American <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminist</a> political activist, philosopher, academic, and author. She is Distinguished Professor Emerita of Feminist Studies and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Consciousness" title="History of Consciousness">History of Consciousness</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">University of California, Santa Cruz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis was a longtime member of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a> (CPUSA) and a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Committees_of_Correspondence_for_Democracy_and_Socialism" title="Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism">Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism</a> (CCDS). She was active in movements such as the <a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions</a> campaign. </p><p>Davis was born in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>; she studied at <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">University of Frankfurt</a>, where she became increasingly engaged in <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">far-left politics</a>. She also studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>, before moving to <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>, where she completed some studies for a doctorate at the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a>. After returning to the United States, she joined the CPUSA and became involved in the <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">second-wave feminist movement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">campaign against the Vietnam War</a>. </p><p>In 1969, she was hired as an assistant professor of philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> (UCLA). UCLA's governing <a href="/wiki/Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Regents of the University of California">Board of Regents</a> soon fired her due to her membership in the CPUSA. After a court ruled the firing illegal, the university fired her for the use of inflammatory language. In 1970, guns belonging to Davis were used in an <a href="/wiki/Marin_County_Civic_Center_attacks" title="Marin County Civic Center attacks">armed takeover of a courtroom in Marin County</a>, California, in which four people were killed. Prosecuted for three capital felonies—including conspiracy to murder—she was held in jail for over a year before being acquitted of all charges in 1972. </p><p>During the 1980s, Davis was twice the Communist Party's candidate for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a>. In 1997, she co-founded <a href="/wiki/Critical_Resistance" title="Critical Resistance">Critical Resistance</a>, an organization working to abolish the <a href="/wiki/Prison%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Prison–industrial complex">prison–industrial complex</a>. In 1991, amid the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, she broke away from the CPUSA to help establish the <a href="/wiki/Committees_of_Correspondence_for_Democracy_and_Socialism" title="Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism">CCDS</a>. That same year, she joined the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_studies" title="Women's studies">feminist studies</a> department at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where she became department director before retiring in 2008. </p><p>Davis has received various awards, including the Soviet Union's <a href="/wiki/Lenin_Peace_Prize" title="Lenin Peace Prize">Lenin Peace Prize</a> and induction into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to accusations that she advocates <a href="/wiki/Political_violence" title="Political violence">political violence</a> and due to her support of the Soviet Union,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she has been a controversial figure. In 2020, she was listed as the 1971 "Woman of the Year" in <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine's "100 Women of the Year" edition.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, she was included on <i>Time</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">list of the 100 most influential people in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angela Davis was born on January 26, 1944,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>. She was christened at her father's <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal Church USA">Episcopal</a> church.<sup id="cite_ref-Nadelson_1972_p._9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nadelson_1972_p.-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her family lived in the "Dynamite Hill" neighborhood, which was marked in the 1950s by the bombings of houses in an attempt to intimidate and drive out middle-class black people who had moved there. Davis occasionally spent time on her uncle's farm and with friends in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her siblings include two brothers, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Davis_(American_football)" title="Ben Davis (American football)">Ben</a> and Reginald, and a sister, Fania. Ben played <a href="/wiki/Defensive_back" title="Defensive back">defensive back</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Browns" title="Cleveland Browns">Cleveland Browns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a> in the late 1960s and early 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Aptheker-1999_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aptheker-1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davis attended Carrie A. Tuggle School, a segregated black elementary school, and later, Parker Annex, a middle-school branch of <a href="/wiki/A._H._Parker_High_School" title="A. H. Parker High School">Parker High School</a> in Birmingham. During this time, Davis's mother, Sallye Bell Davis, was a national officer and leading organizer of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Negro_Youth_Congress" title="Southern Negro Youth Congress">Southern Negro Youth Congress</a>, an organization influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a> aimed at building alliances among African Americans in the South. Davis grew up surrounded by communist organizers and thinkers, who significantly influenced her intellectual development.<sup id="cite_ref-Interview-Angela_Davis_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interview-Angela_Davis-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among them was the Southern Negro Youth Congress official <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Burnham" title="Louis E. Burnham">Louis E. Burnham</a>, whose daughter <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Burnham" title="Margaret Burnham">Margaret Burnham</a> was Davis's friend from childhood, as well as her co-counsel during Davis's 1971 trial for murder and kidnapping.<sup id="cite_ref-abt_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abt-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davis was involved in her church youth group as a child and attended Sunday school regularly. She attributes much of her political involvement to her involvement with the <a href="/wiki/Girl_Scouts_of_the_USA" title="Girl Scouts of the USA">Girl Scouts of the United States of America</a>. She also participated in the Girl Scouts 1959 <a href="/wiki/Girl_Scout_Senior_Roundup" title="Girl Scout Senior Roundup">national roundup</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>. As a Girl Scout, she marched and picketed to protest racial segregation in Birmingham.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By her junior year of high school, Davis had been accepted by an <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a> (Quaker) program that placed black students from the South in <a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">integrated</a> schools in the North. She chose <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Irwin_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth Irwin High School">Elisabeth Irwin High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>. There she was recruited by a communist youth group, Advance.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brandeis_University">Brandeis University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Brandeis University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Davis was awarded a scholarship to <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, where she was one of three black students in her class. She encountered the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a> philosopher <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Herbert Marcuse</a> at a rally during the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> and became his student. In a 2007 television interview, Davis said, "Herbert Marcuse taught me that it was possible to be an academic, an activist, a scholar, and a revolutionary."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She worked part-time to earn enough money to travel to France and Switzerland and attended the eighth <a href="/wiki/World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students" title="World Festival of Youth and Students">World Festival of Youth and Students</a> in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki,_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki, Finland">Helsinki</a>. She returned home in 1963 to a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> interview about her attendance at the communist-sponsored festival.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waters-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During her second year at Brandeis, Davis decided to major in French and continued her study of philosopher and writer <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>. She was accepted by the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_College_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton College (New York)">Hamilton College</a> Junior Year in France Program. Classes were initially at <a href="/wiki/Biarritz" title="Biarritz">Biarritz</a> and later at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne</a>. In Paris, she and other students lived with a French family. She was in Biarritz when she learned of the 1963 <a href="/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing" title="16th Street Baptist Church bombing">Birmingham church bombing</a>, committed by members of the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>, in which four black girls were killed; she had been personally acquainted with the victims.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waters-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While completing her degree in French, Davis realized that her primary area of interest was philosophy. She was particularly interested in Marcuse's ideas. On returning to Brandeis, she sat in on his course. She wrote in her autobiography that Marcuse was approachable and helpful. She began making plans to attend the <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_Goethe_University_Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main">University of Frankfurt</a> for <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate work</a> in philosophy. In 1965, she graduated <i><a href="/wiki/Magna_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna cum laude">magna cum laude</a></i>, a member of <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waters-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_of_Frankfurt">University of Frankfurt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: University of Frankfurt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angela_Davis_at_Goethe_University_in_Frankfurt,_Germany.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Angela_Davis_at_Goethe_University_in_Frankfurt%2C_Germany.tif/lossless-page1-180px-Angela_Davis_at_Goethe_University_in_Frankfurt%2C_Germany.tif.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Angela_Davis_at_Goethe_University_in_Frankfurt%2C_Germany.tif/lossless-page1-270px-Angela_Davis_at_Goethe_University_in_Frankfurt%2C_Germany.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Angela_Davis_at_Goethe_University_in_Frankfurt%2C_Germany.tif/lossless-page1-360px-Angela_Davis_at_Goethe_University_in_Frankfurt%2C_Germany.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="1007" /></a><figcaption>As a student at the Institute of Social Research at <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, Germany. Davis studied the work of philosophers <a href="/wiki/Kant" class="mw-redirect" title="Kant">Kant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegel">Hegel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adorno" class="mw-redirect" title="Adorno">Adorno</a></figcaption></figure><p> In <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, with a monthly stipend of $100, she lived first with a German family and later with a group of students in a loft in an old factory. After visiting <a href="/wiki/East_Berlin" title="East Berlin">East Berlin</a> during the annual <a href="/wiki/May_Day#Germany" title="May Day">May Day celebration</a>, she felt that the <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East German</a> government was dealing better with the residual effects of <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> than were the West Germans. Many of her roommates were active in the radical <a href="/wiki/Sozialistischer_Deutscher_Studentenbund" title="Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund">Socialist German Student Union</a> (SDS), and Davis participated in some SDS actions. Events in the United States, including the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a> and the transformation of <a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee</a> (SNCC) to an all-black organization, drew her interest upon her return.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waters-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postgraduate_work">Postgraduate work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Postgraduate work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marcuse had moved to a position at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>, and Davis followed him there after her two years in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waters-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis traveled to London to attend a conference on "The Dialectics of Liberation". The black contingent at the conference included the Trinidadian-American <a href="/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael" title="Stokely Carmichael">Stokely Carmichael</a> and the British <a href="/wiki/Michael_X" title="Michael X">Michael X</a>. Although moved by Carmichael's rhetoric, Davis was reportedly disappointed by her colleagues' <a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">black nationalist</a> sentiments and their rejection of communism as a "white man's thing".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She joined the Che-Lumumba Club, an all-black branch of the Communist Party USA named for revolutionaries <a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba">Patrice Lumumba</a>, of Cuba and Congo, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davis earned a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> from the University of California, San Diego, in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She completed some work for a PhD at the University of California, San Diego around 1970 but never received a degree because her manuscripts were confiscated by the FBI.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, two years later, she received three honorary doctorates: In August 1972 from <a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from the <a href="/wiki/Tashkent_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashkent State University">University of Tashkent</a> during that same visit,<sup id="cite_ref-Uzbeks_Honor_Angela_Davis_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uzbeks_Honor_Angela_Davis-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in September 1972 from the <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx_University,_Leipzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Marx University, Leipzig">Karl-Marx University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981, she returned to Germany to continue working on her PhD.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Humboldt University of Berlin</a> does not have a record of an often-cited PhD degree from Angela Davis.<sup id="cite_ref-Humboldt_Library_Catalogue_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humboldt_Library_Catalogue-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professor_at_the_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles,_1969–1970"><span id="Professor_at_the_University_of_California.2C_Los_Angeles.2C_1969.E2.80.931970"></span>Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, 1969–1970</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, 1969–1970"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angela_Davis_enters_Royce_Hall_for_first_lecture_October_7_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Angela_Davis_enters_Royce_Hall_for_first_lecture_October_7_1969.jpg/220px-Angela_Davis_enters_Royce_Hall_for_first_lecture_October_7_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Angela_Davis_enters_Royce_Hall_for_first_lecture_October_7_1969.jpg/330px-Angela_Davis_enters_Royce_Hall_for_first_lecture_October_7_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Angela_Davis_enters_Royce_Hall_for_first_lecture_October_7_1969.jpg/440px-Angela_Davis_enters_Royce_Hall_for_first_lecture_October_7_1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Davis (center, without glasses) enters <a href="/wiki/Royce_Hall" title="Royce Hall">Royce Hall</a> with Kendra Alexander at UCLA for her first lecture, October 1969</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in 1969, Davis was an acting assistant professor in the <a href="/wiki/UCLA_Department_of_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA Department of Philosophy">philosophy department</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> (UCLA). Although both <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swarthmore_College" title="Swarthmore College">Swarthmore</a> had tried to recruit her, she opted for UCLA because of its urban location.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time she was known as a <a href="/wiki/Radical_feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical feminist">radical feminist</a> and activist, a member of the Communist Party USA, and an affiliate of the Los Angeles chapter of the Black Panther Party.<sup id="cite_ref-BookTV_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BookTV-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Angela_Y._Davis_Reader_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angela_Y._Davis_Reader-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davis had previously joined the Communist Party in 1968 and had become a member of the Black Panther Party, working with a branch of the Black Panther Party in Los Angeles where she directed political education.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Black Panther Party leadership determined that party members could not also be affiliated with other parties, Davis retained her Communist Party membership although continued to work with the Black Panther Party.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1969, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> initiated a policy against hiring Communists.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimesObit_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimesObit-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At their September 19, 1969, meeting, the <a href="/wiki/Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Regents of the University of California">Board of Regents</a> fired Davis from her $10,000-a-year post (equivalent to $63,750 in 2023) because of her membership in the Communist Party,<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_Ousted_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis_Ousted-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SaxonPerryObit_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SaxonPerryObit-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> urged on by <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">California Governor</a> and future president <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquez2014_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquez2014-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judge <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pacht" title="Jerry Pacht">Jerry Pacht</a> ruled the Regents could not fire Davis solely because of her affiliation with the Communist Party, and she resumed her post.<sup id="cite_ref-Judge-Against_Regents_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judge-Against_Regents-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SaxonPerryObit_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SaxonPerryObit-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JetCensureStory_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JetCensureStory-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Regents fired Davis again on June 20, 1970, for the "inflammatory language" she had used in four different speeches. The report stated, "We deem particularly offensive such utterances as her statement that the regents 'killed, brutalized (and) murdered' the <a href="/wiki/1969_People%27s_Park_protest" title="1969 People's Park protest">People's Park demonstrators</a>, and her repeated characterizations of the police as 'pigs<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-Regents/UCLA_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regents/UCLA-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Professors" title="American Association of University Professors">American Association of University Professors</a> censured the board for this action.<sup id="cite_ref-JetCensureStory_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JetCensureStory-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrest_and_trial">Arrest and trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arrest and trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Marin_County_Civic_Center_attacks" title="Marin County Civic Center attacks">Marin County Civic Center attacks</a></div> <p>Davis was a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Soledad_Brothers" title="Soledad Brothers">Soledad Brothers</a>, three inmates who were accused and charged with the killing of a prison guard at <a href="/wiki/Correctional_Training_Facility" title="Correctional Training Facility">Soledad Prison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 7, 1970, heavily armed 17-year-old African-American high-school student <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_P._Jackson" title="Jonathan P. Jackson">Jonathan Jackson</a>, whose brother was <a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_(activist)" title="George Jackson (activist)">George Jackson</a>, one of the three Soledad Brothers, gained control of a courtroom in <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin County, California</a>. He armed the black defendants and took Judge <a href="/wiki/Harold_Haley" title="Harold Haley">Harold Haley</a>, Deputy District Attorney <a href="/wiki/Gary_W._Thomas" title="Gary W. Thomas">Gary W. Thomas</a>, and three female jurors as hostages.<sup id="cite_ref-Trial-1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trial-1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Register-Guard_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Register-Guard-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Jackson transported the hostages and three black defendants away from the courtroom, one of the defendants, James McClain, shot at the police. The police returned fire.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-acquittal_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-acquittal-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The judge and three of the black men were killed in the melee. One of the jurors, the prosecutor, and one of the attackers, <a href="/wiki/Ruchell_Magee" title="Ruchell Magee">Ruchell Magee</a>, were injured. Although the judge was shot in the head with a blast from a shotgun, he also suffered a chest wound from a bullet that may have been fired from outside the van. Evidence during the trial showed that either could have been fatal.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-acquittal_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-acquittal-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis had purchased several of the firearms Jackson used in the attack,<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian-Archive_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-Archive-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the shotgun used to shoot Haley, which she bought at a San Francisco pawn shop two days before the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-Register-Guard_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Register-Guard-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-shotgun_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-shotgun-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also found to have been corresponding with one of the inmates involved.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davis had befriended George and Jonathan Jackson doing work attempting to free the Soledad Brothers. She had communicated frequently with George Jackson over letters and worked extensively with Jonathan Jackson in her work with the Soledad Brothers Defense Committee. Davis became a mentor and teacher to George Jackson who wrote that he believed that women should never be allowed to express an opinion but should quietly listen to men.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson also held the opinion that if a woman couldn't find a man to marry her she should become a prostitute.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had grown close with the Jackson family in general during this time while working with them and speaking at events together.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_1970_protest_against_the_Vietnam_War.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Boston_1970_protest_against_the_Vietnam_War.jpg/220px-Boston_1970_protest_against_the_Vietnam_War.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Boston_1970_protest_against_the_Vietnam_War.jpg/330px-Boston_1970_protest_against_the_Vietnam_War.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Boston_1970_protest_against_the_Vietnam_War.jpg/440px-Boston_1970_protest_against_the_Vietnam_War.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Protest_against_the_Vietnam_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Protest against the Vietnam War">Protest against the Vietnam War</a>, 1970</figcaption></figure> <p>As California considers "all persons concerned in the commission of a crime, ... whether they directly commit the act constituting the offense, or aid and abet in its commission, ... are principals in any crime so committed", Davis was charged with "aggravated kidnapping and first degree murder in the death of Judge Harold Haley", and Marin County Superior Court Judge Peter Allen Smith issued a warrant for her arrest. Hours after the judge issued the warrant on August 14, 1970, a massive attempt to find and arrest Davis began. On August 18, four days after the warrant was issued, the FBI director <a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover" title="J. Edgar Hoover">J. Edgar Hoover</a> listed Davis on the <a href="/wiki/FBI_Ten_Most_Wanted_Fugitives" title="FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives">FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitive List</a>; she was the third woman and the 309th person to be listed.<sup id="cite_ref-Trial-1_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trial-1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angela_Yvonne_Davis_Wanted_Poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Angela_Yvonne_Davis_Wanted_Poster.jpg/220px-Angela_Yvonne_Davis_Wanted_Poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Angela_Yvonne_Davis_Wanted_Poster.jpg/330px-Angela_Yvonne_Davis_Wanted_Poster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Angela_Yvonne_Davis_Wanted_Poster.jpg/440px-Angela_Yvonne_Davis_Wanted_Poster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Davis wanted by the FBI on a federal warrant issued August 15, 1970, for kidnapping and murder.</figcaption></figure><p> Soon after, Davis became a fugitive and fled California. According to her autobiography, during this time she hid in friends' homes and moved at night. On October 13, 1970, FBI agents found her at a Howard Johnson Motor Lodge in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-NY_Hotel_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Hotel-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard M. Nixon</a> congratulated the FBI on its "capture of the dangerous terrorist Angela Davis."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 5, 1971, Davis appeared at Marin County Superior Court and declared her innocence before the court and nation: "I now declare publicly before the court, before the people of this country that I am innocent of all charges which have been leveled against me by the state of California." <a href="/wiki/John_Abt" title="John Abt">John Abt</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_counsel" title="General counsel">general counsel</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a>, was one of the first attorneys to represent Davis for her alleged involvement in the shootings.<sup id="cite_ref-abt_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abt-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While being held in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Women%27s_House_of_Detention" title="New York Women's House of Detention">Women's Detention Center</a>, Davis was initially segregated from other prisoners, in <a href="/wiki/Solitary_confinement" title="Solitary confinement">solitary confinement</a>. With the help of her legal team, she obtained a federal <a href="/wiki/Court_order" title="Court order">court order</a> to get out of the segregated area.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Evening_with_Angela_Davis_flyer.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/An_Evening_with_Angela_Davis_flyer.tif/lossy-page1-220px-An_Evening_with_Angela_Davis_flyer.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/An_Evening_with_Angela_Davis_flyer.tif/lossy-page1-330px-An_Evening_with_Angela_Davis_flyer.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/An_Evening_with_Angela_Davis_flyer.tif/lossy-page1-440px-An_Evening_with_Angela_Davis_flyer.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5204" data-file-height="7187" /></a><figcaption>Flyer advertising a celebrity fundraiser for Davis's legal defense, featuring <a href="/wiki/Ray_Barretto" title="Ray Barretto">Ray Barretto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Butler" title="Jerry Butler">Jerry Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmen_McRae" title="Carmen McRae">Carmen McRae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Voices_of_East_Harlem" title="The Voices of East Harlem">the Voices of East Harlem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C2%A1LIBERTAD_PARA_LOS_PRISONEROS_POLITICAS!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%C2%A1LIBERTAD_PARA_LOS_PRISONEROS_POLITICAS%21.jpg/220px-%C2%A1LIBERTAD_PARA_LOS_PRISONEROS_POLITICAS%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%C2%A1LIBERTAD_PARA_LOS_PRISONEROS_POLITICAS%21.jpg/330px-%C2%A1LIBERTAD_PARA_LOS_PRISONEROS_POLITICAS%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%C2%A1LIBERTAD_PARA_LOS_PRISONEROS_POLITICAS%21.jpg/440px-%C2%A1LIBERTAD_PARA_LOS_PRISONEROS_POLITICAS%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1547" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>1971 poster by <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Rupert García">Rupert García</a> urging freedom for political prisoners and depicting Angela Davis</figcaption></figure> <p>Across the nation, thousands began organizing a movement to gain her release. In New York City, black writers formed a committee called the Black People in Defense of Angela Davis. By February 1971, more than 200 local committees in the United States, and 67 in foreign countries, worked to free Davis from jail. <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a> contributed to this campaign with the song "<a href="/wiki/Some_Time_in_New_York_City" title="Some Time in New York City">Angela</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1972, after a 16-month incarceration, the state allowed her release on bail from the county jail.<sup id="cite_ref-Trial-1_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trial-1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 23, 1972, Rodger McAfee, a dairy farmer from <a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a>, paid her $100,000 (equivalent to $552,500 in 2023) bail with the help of Steve Sparacino, a wealthy business owner. The <a href="/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America">United Presbyterian Church</a> paid some of her legal defense expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-Trial-1_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trial-1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A defense motion for a change of venue was granted, and the trial was moved to Santa Clara County. On June 4, 1972, after 13 hours of deliberations,<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-acquittal_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-acquittal-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/All-white_jury" class="mw-redirect" title="All-white jury">all-white jury</a> returned a verdict of <a href="/wiki/Acquittal" title="Acquittal">not guilty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the verdict, one juror, Ralph DeLange, made the <a href="/wiki/Black_Power_salute" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Power salute">Black Power salute</a> to a crowd of spectators, which he later told reporters was to show "a unity of opinion for all oppressed people". Ten jurors later attended victory celebrations with the defense.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fact that she owned the guns used in the crime was judged insufficient to establish her role in the plot. She was represented by Howard Moore Jr. and <a href="/wiki/Leo_Branton_Jr." title="Leo Branton Jr.">Leo Branton Jr.</a>, who hired psychologists to help the defense determine who in the jury pool might favor their arguments, a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_jury_selection" title="Scientific jury selection">technique</a> that has since become more common. They also hired experts to discredit the reliability of eyewitness accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities_in_the_1970s">Other activities in the 1970s</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other activities in the 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuba">Cuba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cuba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After her acquittal, Davis went on an international speaking tour in 1972 and the tour included a trip to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, where she had previously been received by <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> as a member of a Communist Party delegation in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-Seidman_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seidman-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Williams" title="Robert F. Williams">Robert F. Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huey_Newton" class="mw-redirect" title="Huey Newton">Huey Newton</a> and Stokely Carmichael had also visited Cuba, and <a href="/wiki/Assata_Shakur" title="Assata Shakur">Assata Shakur</a> later moved there after she escaped from a U.S. prison. At a mass rally held by <a href="/wiki/Afro-Cubans" title="Afro-Cubans">Afro-Cubans</a>, she was reportedly barely able to speak because her reception was so enthusiastic.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis perceived that Cuba was a <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Cuba" title="Racism in Cuba">racism</a>-free country, which led her to believe that "only under socialism could the fight against racism be successfully executed." When she returned to the U.S., her socialist leanings increasingly influenced her understanding of racial struggles.<sup id="cite_ref-Cuba_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cuba-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, she attended the Second Congress of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Cuban_Women" title="Federation of Cuban Women">Federation of Cuban Women</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Seidman_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seidman-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_Union">Soviet Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_717718_Valentina_Tereshkova_and_Angela_Davis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/RIAN_archive_717718_Valentina_Tereshkova_and_Angela_Davis.jpg/220px-RIAN_archive_717718_Valentina_Tereshkova_and_Angela_Davis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/RIAN_archive_717718_Valentina_Tereshkova_and_Angela_Davis.jpg/330px-RIAN_archive_717718_Valentina_Tereshkova_and_Angela_Davis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/RIAN_archive_717718_Valentina_Tereshkova_and_Angela_Davis.jpg/440px-RIAN_archive_717718_Valentina_Tereshkova_and_Angela_Davis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>Davis and Soviet cosmonaut <a href="/wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova" title="Valentina Tereshkova">Valentina Tereshkova</a>, 1972</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1971, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> estimated that five percent of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> propaganda efforts were directed towards the Angela Davis campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1972, Davis visited the Soviet Union at the invitation of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Committee</a>, and received an honorary doctorate from <a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also received an honorary degree from the <a href="/wiki/Tashkent_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashkent State University">University of Tashkent</a> during that same visit.<sup id="cite_ref-Uzbeks_Honor_Angela_Davis_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uzbeks_Honor_Angela_Davis-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 1, 1979, she was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Lenin_Peace_Prize" title="Lenin Peace Prize">Lenin Peace Prize</a> from the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She visited Moscow later that month to accept the prize, where she praised "the glorious name" of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> and the "great <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Germany">East Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: East Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0911-029,_Berlin,_Erich_Honecker_empf%C3%A4ngt_Angela_Davis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0911-029%2C_Berlin%2C_Erich_Honecker_empf%C3%A4ngt_Angela_Davis.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0911-029%2C_Berlin%2C_Erich_Honecker_empf%C3%A4ngt_Angela_Davis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0911-029%2C_Berlin%2C_Erich_Honecker_empf%C3%A4ngt_Angela_Davis.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0911-029%2C_Berlin%2C_Erich_Honecker_empf%C3%A4ngt_Angela_Davis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0911-029%2C_Berlin%2C_Erich_Honecker_empf%C3%A4ngt_Angela_Davis.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0911-029%2C_Berlin%2C_Erich_Honecker_empf%C3%A4ngt_Angela_Davis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>Davis and <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a> in the <a href="/wiki/GDR" class="mw-redirect" title="GDR">GDR</a>, 1972</figcaption></figure> <p>The East German government organized an extensive campaign on behalf of Davis.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1972, Davis visited East Germany, where she met the state's leader <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a>, received an honorary degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leipzig" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leipzig">University of Leipzig</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Star_of_People%27s_Friendship" class="mw-redirect" title="Star of People's Friendship">Star of People's Friendship</a> from <a href="/wiki/Walter_Ulbricht" title="Walter Ulbricht">Walter Ulbricht</a>. On September 11 in East Berlin she delivered a speech, "Not Only My Victory", praising the GDR and USSR and denouncing American racism.<sup id="cite_ref-UNC_Press_Books_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNC_Press_Books-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto3_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-transcript_Verlag_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transcript_Verlag-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Campus_Verlag_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campus_Verlag-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She visited the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>, where she laid flowers at the memorial for <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Huhn" title="Reinhold Huhn">Reinhold Huhn</a>, an East German guard who had been killed by a man who was trying to escape with his family across the border in 1962. Davis said, "We mourn the deaths of the border guards who sacrificed their lives for the protection of their socialist homeland" and "When we return to the USA, we shall undertake to tell our people the truth about the true function of this border."<sup id="cite_ref-UNC_Press_Books_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNC_Press_Books-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto3_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-transcript_Verlag_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transcript_Verlag-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Campus_Verlag_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campus_Verlag-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, she returned to East Berlin, leading the U.S. delegation to the 10th World Festival of Youth and Students.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jonestown_and_Peoples_Temple">Jonestown and Peoples Temple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Jonestown and Peoples Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-1970s, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Jones" title="Jim Jones">Jim Jones</a>, who developed the cult <a href="/wiki/Peoples_Temple" title="Peoples Temple">Peoples Temple</a>, initiated friendships with progressive leaders in the San Francisco area including <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Banks" title="Dennis Banks">Dennis Banks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Movement" title="American Indian Movement">American Indian Movement</a> and Davis.<sup id="cite_ref-Scheers_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheers-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 10, 1977, 14 months before the Temple's mass murder-suicide, Davis spoke via amateur radio telephone "patch" to members of his Peoples Temple who were living in <a href="/wiki/Jonestown" title="Jonestown">Jonestown</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her statement during the "<a href="/wiki/Jonestown#Stoen_custody_dispute" title="Jonestown">Six Day Siege</a>", she expressed support for the People's Temple's anti-racism efforts and she also told Temple members that there was a conspiracy against them. She said, "When you are attacked, it is because of your progressive stand, and we feel that it is directly an attack against us as well."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 28, 1978, Davis wrote to President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, asking him not to assist in efforts to retrieve a child from Jonestown. Her letter called Jones "a humanitarian in the broadest sense of the word".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_and_political_prisoners_in_socialist_countries">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and political prisoners in socialist countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and political prisoners in socialist countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1975, Russian dissident and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel laureate">Nobel laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a> argued in a speech before an <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a> meeting in New York City that Davis was derelict in having failed to support prisoners in various socialist countries around the world, given her strong opposition to the U.S. prison system.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1972, <a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Pelik%C3%A1n_(politician)" title="Jiří Pelikán (politician)">Jiří Pelikán</a> wrote an open letter in which he asked her to support Czechoslovakian prisoners;<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis refused, believing that the Czechoslovakian prisoners were undermining the government of <a href="/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k" title="Gustáv Husák">Husák</a> and believing that Pelikán, who was living in exile in Italy, was attacking his own country.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Solzhenitsyn, in response to concerns about Czechoslovak prisoners being "persecuted by the state", Davis had responded: "They deserve what they get. Let them remain in prison."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_academic_career">Later academic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Later academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angela_Davis_urges_-_declare_your_independence_-_vote_for_Hall_and_Tyner_LCCN2016648082.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Angela_Davis_urges_-_declare_your_independence_-_vote_for_Hall_and_Tyner_LCCN2016648082.jpg/220px-Angela_Davis_urges_-_declare_your_independence_-_vote_for_Hall_and_Tyner_LCCN2016648082.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Angela_Davis_urges_-_declare_your_independence_-_vote_for_Hall_and_Tyner_LCCN2016648082.jpg/330px-Angela_Davis_urges_-_declare_your_independence_-_vote_for_Hall_and_Tyner_LCCN2016648082.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Angela_Davis_urges_-_declare_your_independence_-_vote_for_Hall_and_Tyner_LCCN2016648082.jpg/440px-Angela_Davis_urges_-_declare_your_independence_-_vote_for_Hall_and_Tyner_LCCN2016648082.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2633" data-file-height="3815" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a> campaign poster featuring Davis, 1976</figcaption></figure> <p>Davis was a lecturer at the Claremont Black Studies Center at the <a href="/wiki/Claremont_Colleges" title="Claremont Colleges">Claremont Colleges</a> in 1975. Attendance at the course she taught was limited to 26 students out of the more than 5,000 on campus, and she was forced to teach in secret because alumni benefactors did not want her to indoctrinate the general student population with Communist thought.<sup id="cite_ref-Times_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> College trustees made arrangements to minimize her appearance on campus, limiting her seminars to Friday evenings and Saturdays, "when campus activity is low".<sup id="cite_ref-Times_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her classes moved from one classroom to another and the students were sworn to secrecy. Much of this secrecy continued throughout Davis's brief time teaching at the colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020 it was announced that Davis would be the Ena H. Thompson Distinguished Lecturer in <a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona College</a>'s history department, welcoming her back after 45 years.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davis taught a women's studies course at the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Art_Institute" title="San Francisco Art Institute">San Francisco Art Institute</a> in 1978 and was a professor of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_studies" title="Ethnic studies">ethnic studies</a> at the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a> from at least 1980 to 1984; she taught <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> courses there until 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-President_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-President-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a professor in the History of Consciousness and the Feminist Studies departments at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">University of California, Santa Cruz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a> from 1991 to 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, she has been a distinguished <a href="/wiki/Professor_emerita" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor emerita">professor emerita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davis was a <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_visiting_professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Distinguished visiting professor">distinguished visiting professor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a> in the spring of 1992 and October 2010, and was the Randolph Visiting Distinguished Professor of philosophy at <a href="/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar College</a> in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Davis returned to UCLA as a regents' lecturer. She delivered a public lecture on May 8 in <a href="/wiki/Royce_Hall" title="Royce Hall">Royce Hall</a>, where she had given her first lecture 45 years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquez2014_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquez2014-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Davis was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters in Healing and Social Justice from the <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Integral_Studies" title="California Institute of Integral Studies">California Institute of Integral Studies</a> in San Francisco during its 48th annual commencement ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_activism_and_speeches">Political activism and speeches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Political activism and speeches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Davis accepted the Communist Party USA's nomination for vice president, as <a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a>'s running mate, in <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a> and in <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a>. They received less than 0.02% of the vote in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She left the party in 1991, founding the <a href="/wiki/Committees_of_Correspondence_for_Democracy_and_Socialism" title="Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism">Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism</a>. Her group broke from the Communist Party USA because of the latter's support of the <a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt">1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt</a> after the fall of the Soviet Union and tearing down of the Berlin Wall.<sup id="cite_ref-Battleground-p406_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Battleground-p406-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis said that she and others who had "circulated a petition about the need for democratization of the structures of governance of the party" were not allowed to run for national office and thus "in a sense ... invited to leave".<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, she said she continues to have a relationship with the CPUSA but has not rejoined.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2020 presidential election, Davis supported the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davis is a major figure in the <a href="/wiki/Prison_abolition_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Prison abolition movement">prison abolition movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has called the <a href="/wiki/United_States_prison_system" class="mw-redirect" title="United States prison system">United States prison system</a> the "<a href="/wiki/Prison%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Prison–industrial complex">prison–industrial complex</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/Critical_Resistance" title="Critical Resistance">Critical Resistance</a>, a national <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> organization dedicated to building a movement to abolish the prison system.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent works, she has argued that the US prison system resembles a new form of slavery, pointing to the disproportionate share of the African-American population who were incarcerated.<sup id="cite_ref-Prison_Abolishment_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prison_Abolishment-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis advocates focusing social efforts on education and building "engaged communities" to solve various social problems now handled through state punishment.<sup id="cite_ref-BookTV_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BookTV-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As early as 1969, Davis began public speaking engagements.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She expressed her opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, racism, sexism, and the prison–industrial complex, and her support of gay rights and other social justice movements. In 1969, she blamed <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a> for the troubles oppressed populations suffer: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We are facing a common enemy and that enemy is Yankee Imperialism, which is killing us both here and abroad. Now I think anyone who would try to separate those struggles, anyone who would say that in order to consolidate an anti-war movement, we have to leave all of these other outlying issues out of the picture, is playing right into the hands of the enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-Speech-Vietnam_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speech-Vietnam-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>She has continued lecturing throughout her career, including at numerous universities.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, she publicly spoke against the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a> following the <a href="/wiki/9/11_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11 attacks">9/11 attacks</a>, continued to criticize the prison–industrial complex, and discussed the broken immigration system.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She said that to solve social justice issues, people must "hone their critical skills, develop them and implement them." Later, in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a> in 2005, she declared that the "horrendous situation in New Orleans" was due to the country's structural racism, capitalism, and imperialism.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angela-Davis-Mar-28-2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Angela-Davis-Mar-28-2006.jpg/220px-Angela-Davis-Mar-28-2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Angela-Davis-Mar-28-2006.jpg/330px-Angela-Davis-Mar-28-2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Angela-Davis-Mar-28-2006.jpg/440px-Angela-Davis-Mar-28-2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Davis at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a> in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Davis opposed the 1995 <a href="/wiki/Million_Man_March" title="Million Man March">Million Man March</a>, arguing that the exclusion of women from this event promoted <a href="/wiki/Male_chauvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Male chauvinism">male chauvinism</a>. She said that <a href="/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan" title="Louis Farrakhan">Louis Farrakhan</a> and other organizers appeared to prefer that women take subordinate roles in society. Together with <a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a> and others, she formed the African American Agenda 2000, an alliance of <a href="/wiki/Black_feminism" title="Black feminism">black feminists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davis has continued to oppose the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a>. In 2003, she lectured at <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Scott_College" title="Agnes Scott College">Agnes Scott College</a>, a liberal arts women's college in <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Georgia" title="Decatur, Georgia">Decatur, Georgia</a>, on prison reform, minority issues, and the ills of the criminal justice system.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angela_Davis_(15852241216)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Angela_Davis_%2815852241216%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Angela_Davis_%2815852241216%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Angela_Davis_%2815852241216%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Angela_Davis_%2815852241216%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Angela_Davis_%2815852241216%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Angela_Davis_%2815852241216%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2096" data-file-height="2797" /></a><figcaption>Davis in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>On October 31, 2011, Davis spoke at the Philadelphia and Washington Square <a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a> assemblies. Due to restrictions on electronic amplification, her words were <a href="/wiki/Human_microphone" title="Human microphone">human microphoned</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Davis was awarded the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Ethecon_Foundation" title="Ethecon Foundation">Blue Planet Award</a>, an award given for contributions to humanity and the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the 27th Empowering Women of Color Conference in 2012, Davis said she was a <a href="/wiki/Vegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan">vegan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has called for the release of <a href="/wiki/Rasmea_Odeh" title="Rasmea Odeh">Rasmea Odeh</a>, associate director at the <a href="/wiki/Arab_American_Action_Network" title="Arab American Action Network">Arab American Action Network</a>, who was convicted of immigration fraud in relation to her hiding of a previous murder conviction.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hid_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hid-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-terror_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terror-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-trial_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trial-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ha_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ha-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SommerShadow_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SommerShadow-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davis supports the <a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions</a> campaign against <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angela_Davis_at_Oregon_State_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Angela_Davis_at_Oregon_State_University.jpg/220px-Angela_Davis_at_Oregon_State_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Angela_Davis_at_Oregon_State_University.jpg/330px-Angela_Davis_at_Oregon_State_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Angela_Davis_at_Oregon_State_University.jpg/440px-Angela_Davis_at_Oregon_State_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Davis in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Davis was an honorary co-chair of the <a href="/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March" title="2017 Women's March">January 21, 2017, Women's March on Washington</a>, which occurred the day after <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">President Donald Trump's inauguration</a>. The organizers' decision to make her a speaker was criticized from the right by <a href="/wiki/Humberto_Fontova" title="Humberto Fontova">Humberto Fontova</a><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Libertarian journalist <a href="/wiki/Cathy_Young" title="Cathy Young">Cathy Young</a> wrote that Davis's "long record of support for political violence in the United States and the worst of human rights abusers abroad" undermined the march.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 16, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Dalhousie_University" title="Dalhousie University">Dalhousie University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax, Nova Scotia</a>, presented Davis with an honorary degree during the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Viola_Desmond" title="Viola Desmond">Viola Desmond</a> Legacy Lecture, as part of the institution's bicentennial celebration year.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 7, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_Institute" title="Birmingham Civil Rights Institute">Birmingham Civil Rights Institute</a> (BCRI) rescinded Davis's <a href="/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth" title="Fred Shuttlesworth">Fred Shuttlesworth</a> Human Rights Award, saying she "does not meet all of the criteria". Birmingham Mayor <a href="/wiki/Randall_Woodfin" title="Randall Woodfin">Randall Woodfin</a> and others cited criticism of Davis's vocal support for Palestinian rights and the movement to boycott Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis said her loss of the award was "not primarily an attack against me but rather against the very spirit of the indivisibility of justice."<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 25, the BCRI reversed its decision and issued a public apology, stating that there should have been more public consultation.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2019, along with other public figures, Davis signed a letter supporting <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a> describing him as "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia, and racism in much of the democratic world", and endorsed him in the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 UK general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nme_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nme-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 20, 2020, Davis gave the Memorial Keynote Address at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>'s MLK Symposium.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davis was elected as a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, Davis' work has reflected her concern over the incarceration of poverty-stricken and marginalized groups.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1980 to 1983, Davis was married to Hilton Braithwaite.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, she came out as a <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a> in an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/Out_(magazine)" title="Out (magazine)">Out</a></i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2020, Davis was living with her partner, the academic <a href="/wiki/Gina_Dent" title="Gina Dent">Gina Dent</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a fellow humanities scholar and intersectional feminist researcher at UC Santa Cruz.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, they have advocated for the abolition of police and prisons,<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for black liberation and Palestinian solidarity.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2023 episode of the PBS series <i><a href="/wiki/Finding_Your_Roots" title="Finding Your Roots">Finding Your Roots</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Louis Gates">Henry Louis Gates</a> revealed to Davis that she is a descendant of <a href="/wiki/William_Brewster_(Mayflower_passenger)" title="William Brewster (Mayflower passenger)">William Brewster</a>, a passenger on the <i><a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower">Mayflower</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another ancestor revealed in the episode was Alabama politician <a href="/wiki/John_A._Darden" title="John A. Darden">John A. Darden</a>, who is Davis's grandfather.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another episode titled <i>Secret Lives</i> it is revealed that Davis is related to <a href="/wiki/Niecy_Nash" title="Niecy Nash">Niecy Nash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representation_in_other_media">Representation in other media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Representation in other media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The first song released in support of Davis was "Angela" (1971), by Italian singer-songwriter and musician <a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Savona" title="Virgilio Savona">Virgilio Savona</a> with his group <a href="/wiki/Quartetto_Cetra" title="Quartetto Cetra">Quartetto Cetra</a>. He received some anonymous threats.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1972, German singer-songwriter and political activist <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Degenhardt" title="Franz Josef Degenhardt">Franz Josef Degenhardt</a> published the song "Angela Davis", the opener to his sixth studio album <i>Mutter Mathilde</i>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stones">Rolling Stones</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Sweet_Black_Angel" title="Sweet Black Angel">Sweet Black Angel</a>", recorded in 1970 and released on their album <i><a href="/wiki/Exile_on_Main_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Exile on Main Street">Exile on Main Street</a></i> (1972), is dedicated to Davis. It is one of the band's few overtly political releases.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its lines include: "She's a sweet black angel, not a gun-toting teacher, not a Red-lovin' schoolmarm / Ain't someone gonna free her, a free de sweet black slave, free de sweet black slave".<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a> released their song "Angela" on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Some_Time_in_New_York_City" title="Some Time in New York City">Some Time in New York City</a></i> (1972) in support of Davis, and a small photo of her appears on the album's cover at the bottom left.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The jazz musician <a href="/wiki/Todd_Cochran" title="Todd Cochran">Todd Cochran</a>, also known as Bayete, recorded his song "Free Angela (Thoughts...and all I've got to say)" in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tribe Records co-founder <a href="/wiki/Phil_Ranelin" title="Phil Ranelin">Phil Ranelin</a> released a song dedicated to Davis, "Angela's Dilemma", on <i>Message From the Tribe</i> (1972), a spiritual jazz collectible.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Dash" title="Julie Dash">Julie Dash</a>, who is credited as the first black female director to have a theatrical release of a film (<i><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_Dust" title="Daughters of the Dust">Daughters of the Dust</a></i>) in the US, announced that she would be directing a film based on Davis's life, from a screenplay by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Tucker_(screenwriter)" title="Brian Tucker (screenwriter)">Brian Tucker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_in_other_venues">References in other venues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References in other venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 28, 1972, <a href="/wiki/Garrett_Brock_Trapnell" title="Garrett Brock Trapnell">Garrett Brock Trapnell</a> hijacked <a href="/wiki/TWA" class="mw-redirect" title="TWA">TWA</a> Flight 2. One of his demands was Davis's release.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U2_@_Soldier_Field,_Chicago_6_3_2017_(39152077155).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/U2_%40_Soldier_Field%2C_Chicago_6_3_2017_%2839152077155%29.jpg/220px-U2_%40_Soldier_Field%2C_Chicago_6_3_2017_%2839152077155%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/U2_%40_Soldier_Field%2C_Chicago_6_3_2017_%2839152077155%29.jpg/330px-U2_%40_Soldier_Field%2C_Chicago_6_3_2017_%2839152077155%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/U2_%40_Soldier_Field%2C_Chicago_6_3_2017_%2839152077155%29.jpg/440px-U2_%40_Soldier_Field%2C_Chicago_6_3_2017_%2839152077155%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a>'s concert in <a href="/wiki/Soldier_Field" title="Soldier Field">Soldier Field</a>, Chicago, 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Renato_Guttuso" title="Renato Guttuso">Renato Guttuso</a>'s painting <i>The Funerals of <a href="/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Togliatti</a></i> (1972),<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis is depicted, among other figures of communism, in the left framework, near the author's self-portrait, <a href="/wiki/Elio_Vittorini" title="Elio Vittorini">Elio Vittorini</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, black playwright Elvie Moore wrote the play <i>Angela is Happening</i>, depicting Davis on trial with figures such as <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a>, and <a href="/wiki/H._Rap_Brown" title="H. Rap Brown">H. Rap Brown</a> as eyewitnesses proclaiming her innocence.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The play was performed at the Inner City Cultural Center and at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a>, with Pat Ballard as Davis. The documentary <i>Angela Davis: Portrait of a Revolutionary</i> (1972) was directed by <a href="/wiki/UCLA_School_of_Theater,_Film_and_Television" title="UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television">UCLA Film School</a> student Yolande du Luart.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_156-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It follows Davis from 1969 to 1970, documenting her dismissal from UCLA. The film wrapped shooting before the Marin County incident.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_157-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Network_(1976_film)" title="Network (1976 film)">Network</a></i> (1976), <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Warfield" title="Marlene Warfield">Marlene Warfield</a>'s character Laureen Hobbs appears to be modeled on Davis.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2018, a cotton T-shirt with Davis's face on it was featured in <a href="/wiki/Prada" title="Prada">Prada</a>'s 2018 collection.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A mural featuring Davis was painted by Italian street artist <a href="/wiki/Jorit_Agoch" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorit Agoch">Jorit Agoch</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Scampia" title="Scampia">Scampia</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> in 2019. </p><p><i>Ms. Davis</i> by Amazing Améziane and Sybille Titeux de la Croix is a graphic biography focusing on Davis's early years and trial. It was published in French in 2020 and in English in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_written">Books written</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Books written"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/If_They_Come_in_the_Morning:_Voices_of_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="If They Come in the Morning: Voices of Resistance">If They Come in the Morning: Voices of Resistance</a></i> (New York: Third Press, 1971), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-893-88022-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-893-88022-1">0-893-88022-1</a>.</li> <li><i>Angela Davis: An Autobiography</i>, Random House (1974), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-48978-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-48978-0">0-394-48978-0</a>.</li> <li><i>Joan Little: The Dialectics of Rape</i> (New York: Lang Communications, 1975)<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Women,_Race_and_Class" title="Women, Race and Class">Women, Race and Class</a></i>, Random House (1981), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-71351-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-71351-6">0-394-71351-6</a>.</li> <li><i>Women, Culture & Politics</i>, Vintage (1990), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-72487-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-72487-7">0-679-72487-7</a>.</li> <li><i>The Angela Y. Davis Reader</i> (ed. <a href="/wiki/Joy_James" title="Joy James">Joy James</a>), Wiley-Blackwell (1998), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-20361-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-20361-3">0-631-20361-3</a>.</li> <li><i>Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday</i>, Vintage Books (1999), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-77126-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-77126-3">0-679-77126-3</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Are_Prisons_Obsolete%3F" title="Are Prisons Obsolete?">Are Prisons Obsolete? </a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Seven_Stories_Press" title="Seven Stories Press">Seven Stories Press</a> (2003), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58322-581-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-58322-581-1">1-58322-581-1</a>.</li> <li><i>Abolition Democracy: Beyond Prisons, Torture, and Empire</i>, Seven Stories Press (2005), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58322-695-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58322-695-8">1-58322-695-8</a>.</li> <li><i>The Meaning of Freedom: And Other Difficult Dialogues</i> (<a href="/wiki/City_Lights_Bookstore" title="City Lights Bookstore">City Lights</a>, 2012), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0872865808" title="Special:BookSources/978-0872865808">978-0872865808</a>.</li> <li><i>Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement</i>, <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Books" title="Haymarket Books">Haymarket Books</a> (2015), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60846-564-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60846-564-4">978-1-60846-564-4</a>.</li> <li><i>Herbert Marcuse, Philosopher of Utopia: A Graphic Biography</i> (foreword, City Lights, 2019), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780872867857" title="Special:BookSources/9780872867857">9780872867857</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interviews_and_appearances">Interviews and appearances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Interviews and appearances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>1971</b> <ul><li><i>An Interview with Angela Davis</i>. Cassette. Radio Free People, New York, 1971.</li> <li>Myerson, M. "Angela Davis in Prison". <i><a href="/wiki/Ramparts_(magazine)" title="Ramparts (magazine)">Ramparts</a></i>, March 1971: 20–21.</li> <li>Seigner, Art. <i>Angela Davis: Soul and Soledad</i>. Phonodisc. Flying Dutchman, New York, 1971.</li> <li>Walker, Joe. <i>Angela Davis Speaks</i>. Phonodisc. Folkways Records, New York, 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>1972–1985</b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Journal_(TV_program)" title="Black Journal (TV program)">Black Journal</a></i>; 67; "Interview with Angela Davis", 1972-06-20, <a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a>. Angela Davis makes her first national television appearance in an exclusive interview with host Tony Brown, following her recent acquittal of charges related to the San Rafael courtroom shootout.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a></i>, "Angela Davis Talks about her Future and her Freedom", July 27, 1972: 54–57.</li> <li>Davis, Angela Y. <i>I Am a Black Revolutionary Woman</i> (1971). Phonodisc. Folkways, New York, 1977.</li> <li>Phillips, Esther. <i>Angela Davis Interviews Esther Phillips</i>. Cassette. Pacifica Tape Library, Los Angeles, 1977.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Cudjoe" title="Selwyn Cudjoe">Cudjoe, Selwyn</a>. <i>In Conversation with Angela Davis</i>. Videocassette. ETV Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, 1985. 21-minute interview.</li></ul></li> <li><b>1991–1997</b> <ul><li>A Place of Rage Online. Directed by Pratibha Parmar, Kali Films, season-01 1991, vimeo.com/ondemand/aplaceofrage.</li> <li>Davis, Angela Y. "Women on the Move: Travel Themes in Ma Rainey's Blues" in <i>Borders/diasporas</i>. Sound Recording. University of California, Santa Cruz: Center for Cultural Studies, Santa Cruz, 1992.</li> <li>Davis, Angela Y. <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Is..._Black_Ain%27t" title="Black Is... Black Ain't">Black Is... Black Ain't</a></i>. Documentary film. Independent Television Service (ITVS), 1994.</li> <li><i>Interview Angela Davis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">Public Broadcasting Service</a>, Spring 1997)<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>2000–2002</b> <ul><li>Davis, Angela Y. <i>The Prison Industrial Complex and its Impact on Communities of Color</i>. Videocassette. University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 2000.</li> <li>Barsamian, D. "Angela Davis: African American Activist on Prison-Industrial Complex". <i>Progressive</i> 65.2 (2001): 33–38.</li> <li>"September 11 America: an Interview with Angela Davis". <i>Policing the National Body: Sex, Race, and Criminalization</i>. Cambridge, Ma. : South End Press, 2002.</li></ul></li> <li><b>2010–2016</b> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountains_That_Take_Wing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mountains That Take Wing (page does not exist)">Mountains That Take Wing</a>: Angela Davis & Yuri Kochiyama – A Conversation on Life, Struggles & Liberation</i>, documentary film released 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Power_Mixtape_1967%E2%80%931975" title="The Black Power Mixtape 1967–1975">The Black Power Mixtape 1967–1975</a></i>, a documentary film prominently featuring Davis in a number of rarely seen Swedish interviews, was released in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li>"Feminism and Abolition: Theories and Practices for the 21st Century" University of Chicago, 2013</li> <li>"Activist Professor Angela Davis" episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Hour" title="Woman's Hour">Woman's Hour</a></i>, BBC Radio 4, December 3, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Criminal Queers</i>, a fictional <a href="/wiki/DIY" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY">DIY</a> film examining the relationship between the LGBT community and the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice" title="Criminal justice">criminal justice</a> system, was released in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/13th_(film)" title="13th (film)">13th</a></i>, documentary file about the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment</a> and history of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>, released 2016.</li> <li><i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visions_of_Abolition:_From_Critical_Resistance_to_A_New_Way_of_Life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visions of Abolition: From Critical Resistance to A New Way of Life (page does not exist)">Visions of Abolition: From Critical Resistance to A New Way of Life </a></i>, released 2011; updated in 2021 Revisions of Abolition; <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.visionsofabolition.org/">https://www.visionsofabolition.org/</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archives">Archives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The National United Committee to Free Angela Davis collection is at the Main Library at Stanford University, <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a> (A collection of thousands of letters received by the committee and Davis from people in the US and other countries.) <sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The complete transcript of her trial, including all appeals and legal memoranda, has been preserved in the Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Library in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Davis's papers are archived at the <a href="/wiki/Schlesinger_Library" title="Schlesinger Library">Schlesinger Library</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Institute_for_Advanced_Study" class="mw-redirect" title="Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study">Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Records including correspondence, statements, clippings and other documents about Davis's dismissal from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> due to her political affiliation with the Communist Party are archived at UCLA.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_156-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africana_philosophy" title="Africana philosophy">Africana philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Strachan" title="Billy Strachan">Billy Strachan</a>, headed the London branch of the Angela Davis Defence Committee<sup id="cite_ref-:9_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150311073558/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20077018,00.html">"Angela Davis, Sweetheart of the Far Left, Finds Her Mr. Right"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a></i>. July 21, 1980. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20077018,00.html">the original</a> on March 11, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis%2C+Sweetheart+of+the+Far+Left%2C+Finds+Her+Mr.+Right&rft.date=1980-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com%2Fpeople%2Farchive%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C20077018%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-03-08-vw-316-story.html">"Angela Davis Now"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. March 8, 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190116162027/http://articles.latimes.com/1989-03-08/news/vw-316_1_angela-davis/4">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis+Now&rft.date=1989-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1989-03-08-vw-316-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanities.ucsc.edu/academics/faculty/index.php?uid=aydavis">"Directory: Angela Y Davis"</a>. <i>UC Santa Cruz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UC+Santa+Cruz&rft.atitle=Directory%3A+Angela+Y+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanities.ucsc.edu%2Facademics%2Ffaculty%2Findex.php%3Fuid%3Daydavis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/angela-davis/">"Davis, Angela"</a>. <i>National Women's Hall of Fame</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818022932/https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/angela-davis/">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Women%27s+Hall+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Davis%2C+Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenofthehall.org%2Finductee%2Fangela-davis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebulwark.com/the-real-stain-on-angela-davis-legacy-is-her-support-for-tyranny/">"The Real Stain on Angela Davis' Legacy Is Her Support for Tyranny"</a>. <i>The Bulwark</i>. January 23, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728182910/https://thebulwark.com/the-real-stain-on-angela-davis-legacy-is-her-support-for-tyranny/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bulwark&rft.atitle=The+Real+Stain+on+Angela+Davis%27+Legacy+Is+Her+Support+for+Tyranny&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebulwark.com%2Fthe-real-stain-on-angela-davis-legacy-is-her-support-for-tyranny%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendi" class="citation magazine cs1">Kendi, Ibram X. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5793638/angela-davis-100-women-of-the-year/">"100 Women of the Year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200620155257/https://time.com/5793638/angela-davis-100-women-of-the-year/">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=100+Women+of+the+Year&rft.aulast=Kendi&rft.aufirst=Ibram+X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5793638%2Fangela-davis-100-women-of-the-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888290/angela-davis/">"Angela Davis: The 100 Most Influential People of 2020"</a>. <i>Time</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924085624/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888290/angela-davis/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis%3A+The+100+Most+Influential+People+of+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Fcollection%2F100-most-influential-people-2020%2F5888290%2Fangela-davis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/individuals/angela-davis">"Angela Davis (January 26, 1944)"</a>. <i>African American Heritage</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201225030805/https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/individuals/angela-davis">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+American+Heritage&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis+%28January+26%2C+1944%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fresearch%2Fafrican-americans%2Findividuals%2Fangela-davis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nadelson_1972_p.-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nadelson_1972_p._9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNadelson1972" class="citation book cs1">Nadelson, R. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f7pAAAAAIAAJ"><i>Who is Angela Davis? : The Biography of a Revolutionary</i></a>. P. H. Wyden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024202407/https://books.google.com/books?id=f7pAAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+is+Angela+Davis%3F+%3A+The+Biography+of+a+Revolutionary&rft.pub=P.+H.+Wyden&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Nadelson&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df7pAAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1989" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Angela Yvonne (March 1989). "Rocks". <i>Angela Davis: An Autobiography</i>. New York City: International Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7178-0667-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7178-0667-7"><bdi>0-7178-0667-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rocks&rft.btitle=Angela+Davis%3A+An+Autobiography&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=International+Publishers&rft.date=1989-03&rft.isbn=0-7178-0667-7&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Angela+Yvonne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aptheker-1999-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aptheker-1999_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAptheker1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bettina_Aptheker" title="Bettina Aptheker">Aptheker, Bettina</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/morningbreakstri00apth"><i>The Morning Breaks: The Trial of Angela Davis</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801485975" title="Special:BookSources/0801485975"><bdi>0801485975</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Morning+Breaks%3A+The+Trial+of+Angela+Davis&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0801485975&rft.aulast=Aptheker&rft.aufirst=Bettina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmorningbreakstri00apth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interview-Angela_Davis-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Interview-Angela_Davis_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKum-Kum_BhavnaniDavis,_Angela1989" class="citation journal cs1">Kum-Kum Bhavnani, Bhavnani; Davis, Angela (Spring 1989). "Complexity, Activism, Optimism: An Interview with Angela Y. Davis". <i>Feminist Review</i> (31): 66–81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1395091">10.2307/1395091</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1395091">1395091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Feminist+Review&rft.atitle=Complexity%2C+Activism%2C+Optimism%3A+An+Interview+with+Angela+Y.+Davis&rft.ssn=spring&rft.issue=31&rft.pages=66-81&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1395091&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1395091%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kum-Kum+Bhavnani&rft.aufirst=Bhavnani&rft.au=Davis%2C+Angela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abt-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abt_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abt_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbtMyerson1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Abt" title="John Abt">Abt, John</a>; Myerson, Michael (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C&pg=PA273"><i>Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer</i></a>. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. p. 273. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-02030-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-02030-8"><bdi>978-0-252-02030-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404143542/https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C&pg=PA273">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advocate+and+Activist%3A+Memoirs+of+an+American+Communist+Lawyer&rft.place=Urbana%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-252-02030-8&rft.aulast=Abt&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Myerson%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9REaIPPh4k4C%26pg%3DPA273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Radicalization of Angela Davis," <i>Ebony</i>, July 1971: n.p., Mag.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBubbins2018" class="citation web cs1">Bubbins, Harry (January 26, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.villagepreservation.org/2018/01/26/happy-birthday-angela-davis-2/">"Angela Davis: Her Greenwich Village Connections"</a>. <i>Village Preservation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024100927/https://www.villagepreservation.org/2018/01/26/happy-birthday-angela-davis-2/">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Village+Preservation&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis%3A+Her+Greenwich+Village+Connections&rft.date=2018-01-26&rft.aulast=Bubbins&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.villagepreservation.org%2F2018%2F01%2F26%2Fhappy-birthday-angela-davis-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbarella_Fokos2007" class="citation web cs1">Barbarella Fokos (August 23, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2007/aug/23/bourgeois-marxist">"The Bourgeois Marxist"</a>. sandiegoreader.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175944/https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2007/aug/23/bourgeois-marxist/">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bourgeois+Marxist&rft.pub=sandiegoreader.com&rft.date=2007-08-23&rft.au=Barbarella+Fokos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegoreader.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2Faug%2F23%2Fbourgeois-marxist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waters-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Waters_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waters_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waters_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waters_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waters_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1989" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Angela Yvonne (March 1989). "Waters". <i>Angela Davis: An Autobiography</i>. New York City: International Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7178-0667-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7178-0667-7"><bdi>0-7178-0667-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Waters&rft.btitle=Angela+Davis%3A+An+Autobiography&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=International+Publishers&rft.date=1989-03&rft.isbn=0-7178-0667-7&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Angela+Yvonne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1989" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Angela Yvonne (March 1989). "Flames". <i>Angela Davis: An Autobiography</i>. New York City: International Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7178-0667-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7178-0667-7"><bdi>0-7178-0667-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Flames&rft.btitle=Angela+Davis%3A+An+Autobiography&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=International+Publishers&rft.date=1989-03&rft.isbn=0-7178-0667-7&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Angela+Yvonne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/angela-davis-9267589">"Angela Davis Biography: Academic, Civil Rights Activist, Scholar, Women's Rights Activist"</a>. <i>biography</i>. A&E Television Networks, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175939/https://www.biography.com/people/angela-davis-9267589">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biography&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis+Biography%3A+Academic%2C+Civil+Rights+Activist%2C+Scholar%2C+Women%27s+Rights+Activist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fangela-davis-9267589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175938/https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/angela-davis-40">"Angela Davis | The HistoryMakers"</a>. <i>thehistorymakers.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/angela-davis-40">the original</a> on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thehistorymakers.org&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis+%7C+The+HistoryMakers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehistorymakers.org%2Fbiography%2Fangela-davis-40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Yancy1998" class="citation web cs1">George Yancy (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/African-American-Philosophers-17-Conversations/Yancy/p/book/9780415921008">"African-American philosphers: 17 conversations"</a>. Routledge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807070601/https://www.routledge.com/African-American-Philosophers-17-Conversations/Yancy/p/book/9780415921008">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African-American+philosphers%3A+17+conversations&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.au=George+Yancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FAfrican-American-Philosophers-17-Conversations%2FYancy%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780415921008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Routledge-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraaf2011" class="citation book cs1">Graaf, Beatrice de (March 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=we6rAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA199"><i>Evaluating Counterterrorism Performance: A Comparative Study</i></a>. Routledge. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136806551" title="Special:BookSources/9781136806551"><bdi>9781136806551</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412144915/https://books.google.com/books?id=we6rAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA199#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evaluating+Counterterrorism+Performance%3A+A+Comparative+Study&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011-03-15&rft.isbn=9781136806551&rft.aulast=Graaf&rft.aufirst=Beatrice+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwe6rAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Uzbeks_Honor_Angela_Davis-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Uzbeks_Honor_Angela_Davis_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Uzbeks_Honor_Angela_Davis_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/09/03/archives/uzbeks-honor-angela-davis.html">"Uzbeks Honor Angela Davis"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. September 3, 1972. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Uzbeks+Honor+Angela+Davis&rft.pages=67&rft.date=1972-09-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F09%2F03%2Farchives%2Fuzbeks-honor-angela-davis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411001934/https://blog.archiv.uni-leipzig.de/index.php/2018/09/13/unverwechselbarer-afrolook-angela-davis-buergerrechtskaempferin-erhaelt-am-13-09-1972-die-ehrendoktorwuerde/">"Unverwechselbarer "Afrolook": Angela Davis, Bürgerrechtskämpferin, erhält am 13. 09. 1972 die Ehrendoktorwürde"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.archiv.uni-leipzig.de/index.php/2018/09/13/unverwechselbarer-afrolook-angela-davis-buergerrechtskaempferin-erhaelt-am-13-09-1972-die-ehrendoktorwuerde/">the original</a> on April 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unverwechselbarer+%22Afrolook%22%3A+Angela+Davis%2C+B%C3%BCrgerrechtsk%C3%A4mpferin%2C+erh%C3%A4lt+am+13.+09.+1972+die+Ehrendoktorw%C3%BCrde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.archiv.uni-leipzig.de%2Findex.php%2F2018%2F09%2F13%2Funverwechselbarer-afrolook-angela-davis-buergerrechtskaempferin-erhaelt-am-13-09-1972-die-ehrendoktorwuerde%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nd-archiv.de/artikel/928115.schwarze-rose-kaempft-fuer-recht-und-frieden.html">"ND-Archiv: 25.07.1981: Schwarze Rose kämpft für Recht und Frieden"</a>. <i>www.nd-archiv.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240130014923/https://www.nd-archiv.de/artikel/928115.schwarze-rose-kaempft-fuer-recht-und-frieden.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nd-archiv.de&rft.atitle=ND-Archiv%3A+25.07.1981%3A+Schwarze+Rose+k%C3%A4mpft+f%C3%BCr+Recht+und+Frieden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nd-archiv.de%2Fartikel%2F928115.schwarze-rose-kaempft-fuer-recht-und-frieden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Humboldt_Library_Catalogue-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Humboldt_Library_Catalogue_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumboldt" class="citation web cs1">Humboldt, University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hu-berlin.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/search?vid=hub_ub&lang=en_US">"Library Catalogue Search"</a>. <i>Humboldt University Catalogue Search</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807070606/https://hu-berlin.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/search?vid=hub_ub&lang=en_US">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Humboldt+University+Catalogue+Search&rft.atitle=Library+Catalogue+Search&rft.aulast=Humboldt&rft.aufirst=University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhu-berlin.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com%2Fprimo-explore%2Fsearch%3Fvid%3Dhub_ub%26lang%3Den_US&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorenz2020" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lorenz, Sophie (June 27, 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783839450314/html?lang=en">"»Schwarze Schwester Angela« - Die DDR und Angela Davis: Kalter Krieg, Rassismus und Black Power 1965-1975"</a>, <i>»Schwarze Schwester Angela« - Die DDR und Angela Davis</i> (in German), transcript Verlag, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783839450314">10.1515/9783839450314</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8394-5031-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8394-5031-4"><bdi>978-3-8394-5031-4</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231103005243/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783839450314/html?lang=en">archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C2%BBSchwarze+Schwester+Angela%C2%AB+-+Die+DDR+und+Angela+Davis&rft.atitle=%C2%BBSchwarze+Schwester+Angela%C2%AB+-+Die+DDR+und+Angela+Davis%3A+Kalter+Krieg%2C+Rassismus+und+Black+Power+1965-1975&rft.date=2020-06-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783839450314&rft.isbn=978-3-8394-5031-4&rft.aulast=Lorenz&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9783839450314%2Fhtml%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313145214/http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1427"><i>Encyclopedia of Alabama</i></a>. Auburn University. January 8, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1427">the original</a> on March 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Alabama&rft.pub=Auburn+University&rft.date=2008-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofalabama.org%2Fface%2FArticle.jsp%3Fid%3Dh-1427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BookTV-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BookTV_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BookTV_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">"Interview with Angela Davis". <i>BookTV</i>. October 3, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BookTV&rft.date=2004-10-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angela_Y._Davis_Reader-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Angela_Y._Davis_Reader_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1998" class="citation book cs1">James, Joy, ed. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Peut8UbchIsC"><i>The Angela Y. Davis Reader</i></a>. Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780631203612" title="Special:BookSources/9780631203612"><bdi>9780631203612</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412144947/https://books.google.com/books?id=Peut8UbchIsC">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Angela+Y.+Davis+Reader&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780631203612&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPeut8UbchIsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis, A. Y. (2016). Freedom is a constant struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the foundations of a movement. Haymarket Books. p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis, A. Y. (2016). Freedom is a constant struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the foundations of a movement. Haymarket Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATimesObit-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LATimesObit_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver1997" class="citation news cs1">Oliver, Myrna (April 4, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-04-04-mn-45393-story.html">"Jerry Pacht; L.A. Judge, Member of Judicial Commission"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128045417/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-04-04-mn-45393-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Jerry+Pacht%3B+L.A.+Judge%2C+Member+of+Judicial+Commission&rft.date=1997-04-04&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Myrna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1997-04-04-mn-45393-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis_Ousted-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davis_Ousted_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies1969" class="citation news cs1">Davies, Lawrence E. (September 20, 1969). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1969/09/20/archives/ucla-teacher-is-ousted-as-red-a-battle-in-court-predicted-on-action.html">"UCLA Teacher is Ousted as Red"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807012624/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/09/20/archives/ucla-teacher-is-ousted-as-red-a-battle-in-court-predicted-on-action.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=UCLA+Teacher+is+Ousted+as+Red&rft.date=1969-09-20&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1969%2F09%2F20%2Farchives%2Fucla-teacher-is-ousted-as-red-a-battle-in-court-predicted-on-action.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SaxonPerryObit-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SaxonPerryObit_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SaxonPerryObit_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaxon1997" class="citation news cs1">Saxon, Wolfgang (April 14, 1997). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/14/us/jerry-pacht-75-retired-judge-who-served-on-screening-panel.html">"Jerry Pacht, 75, Retired Judge Who Served on Screening Panel"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175930/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/14/us/jerry-pacht-75-retired-judge-who-served-on-screening-panel.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jerry+Pacht%2C+75%2C+Retired+Judge+Who+Served+on+Screening+Panel&rft.date=1997-04-14&rft.aulast=Saxon&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F04%2F14%2Fus%2Fjerry-pacht-75-retired-judge-who-served-on-screening-panel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marquez2014-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marquez2014_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquez2014_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarquez2014" class="citation web cs1">Marquez, Letisia (May 5, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/angela-davis-returns-to-ucla-classroom-45-years-after-controversy">"Angela Davis returns to UCLA classroom 45 years after controversy"</a>. <i>UCLA Newsroom</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_at_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California at Los Angeles">University of California at Los Angeles</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175940/http://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/angela-davis-returns-to-ucla-classroom-45-years-after-controversy">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Newsroom&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis+returns+to+UCLA+classroom+45+years+after+controversy&rft.date=2014-05-05&rft.aulast=Marquez&rft.aufirst=Letisia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.ucla.edu%2Fstories%2Fangela-davis-returns-to-ucla-classroom-45-years-after-controversy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Judge-Against_Regents-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Judge-Against_Regents_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1969/10/21/archives/ucla-barred-from-pressing-reds-ouster-judge-calls-regents-effort-to.html">"UCLA Barred from Pressing Red's Ouster"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. October 21, 1969. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201205759/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/10/21/archives/ucla-barred-from-pressing-reds-ouster-judge-calls-regents-effort-to.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=UCLA+Barred+from+Pressing+Red%27s+Ouster&rft.date=1969-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1969%2F10%2F21%2Farchives%2Fucla-barred-from-pressing-reds-ouster-judge-calls-regents-effort-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JetCensureStory-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JetCensureStory_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JetCensureStory_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rrEDAAAAMBAJ&q=board">"University Censured for Dismissing Angela Davis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a></i>. Vol. 42, no. XLII: 9. <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Publishing_Company" title="Johnson Publishing Company">Johnson Publishing Company</a>. May 25, 1972. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412144918/https://books.google.com/books?id=rrEDAAAAMBAJ&q=board#v=snippet&q=board&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=University+Censured+for+Dismissing+Angela+Davis&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=XLII%3A+9&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1972-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrrEDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dboard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Regents/UCLA-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Regents/UCLA_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner1970" class="citation news cs1">Turner, Wallace (June 20, 1970). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1970/06/20/archives/california-regents-drop-communist-from-faculty.html">"California Regents Drop Communist From Faculty"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813152106/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/06/20/archives/california-regents-drop-communist-from-faculty.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=California+Regents+Drop+Communist+From+Faculty&rft.date=1970-06-20&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Wallace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1970%2F06%2F20%2Farchives%2Fcalifornia-regents-drop-communist-from-faculty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/angela-davis-9267589">"Angela Davis Biography: Academic, Civil Rights Activist, Scholar, Women's Rights Activist"</a>. <i>biography</i>. A&E Television Networks, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175939/https://www.biography.com/people/angela-davis-9267589">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biography&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis+Biography%3A+Academic%2C+Civil+Rights+Activist%2C+Scholar%2C+Women%27s+Rights+Activist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fangela-davis-9267589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trial-1-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trial-1_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trial-1_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trial-1_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trial-1_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAptheker1997" class="citation book cs1">Aptheker, Bettina (1997). <i>The Morning Breaks: The Trial of Angela Davis</i>. Cornell University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Morning+Breaks%3A+The+Trial+of+Angela+Davis&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Aptheker&rft.aufirst=Bettina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Register-Guard-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Register-Guard_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Register-Guard_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4BkRAAAAIBAJ&pg=6482%2C3554926">"Search broadens for Angela Davis"</a>. <i>Eugene Register-Guard</i>. Associated Press. August 17, 1970<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eugene+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=Search+broadens+for+Angela+Davis&rft.date=1970-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D4BkRAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6482%252C3554926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-acquittal-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-acquittal_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-acquittal_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-acquittal_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-acquit.html">"Angela Davis Acquitted on All Charges"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221174350/http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-acquit.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis+Acquitted+on+All+Charges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F03%2F08%2Fhome%2Fdavis-acquit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smithsonian-Archive-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian-Archive_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreviño2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Treviño, Julissa (February 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/harvard-new-home-angela-davis-papers-180968191/">"Angela Davis' Archive Comes to Harvard"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004230117/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/harvard-new-home-angela-davis-papers-180968191/">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis%27+Archive+Comes+to+Harvard&rft.date=2018-02-16&rft.aulast=Trevi%C3%B1o&rft.aufirst=Julissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Fharvard-new-home-angela-davis-papers-180968191%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-shotgun-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-shotgun_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaldwell1972" class="citation news cs1">Caldwell, Earl (April 18, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/18/archives/a-shotgun-that-miss-davis-purchased-is-linked-to-the-fatal-shooting.html">"A Shotgun That Miss Davis Purchased Is Linked to the Fatal Shooting of Judge"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175932/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/18/archives/a-shotgun-that-miss-davis-purchased-is-linked-to-the-fatal-shooting.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Shotgun+That+Miss+Davis+Purchased+Is+Linked+to+the+Fatal+Shooting+of+Judge&rft.date=1972-04-18&rft.aulast=Caldwell&rft.aufirst=Earl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F04%2F18%2Farchives%2Fa-shotgun-that-miss-davis-purchased-is-linked-to-the-fatal-shooting.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteBayMartin2012" class="citation book cs1">White, Deborah Gray; Bay, Mia; Martin, Waldo E. (December 14, 2012). <i>Freedom on My Mind</i>. Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 725. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-64884-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-64884-8"><bdi>978-0-312-64884-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freedom+on+My+Mind&rft.pages=725&rft.pub=Bedford%2FSt.+Martin%27s&rft.date=2012-12-14&rft.isbn=978-0-312-64884-8&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Deborah+Gray&rft.au=Bay%2C+Mia&rft.au=Martin%2C+Waldo+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paris Review 2015 Max Nelson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The New Yorker 2014 Jeffrey Toobin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175932/http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/ead/scm/scmdavisa">"Biography"</a>. <i>Davis (Angela) Legal Defense Collection, 1970–1972</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/ead/scm/scmdavisa">the original</a> on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Davis+%28Angela%29+Legal+Defense+Collection%2C+1970%E2%80%931972&rft.atitle=Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigilib.nypl.org%2Fdynaweb%2Fead%2Fscm%2Fscmdavisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY_Hotel-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NY_Hotel_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharleton2011" class="citation news cs1">Charleton, Linda (April 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-fbi.html">"F.B.I Seizes Angela Davis in Motel Here"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130201044128/http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-fbi.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=F.B.I+Seizes+Angela+Davis+in+Motel+Here&rft.date=2011-04-28&rft.aulast=Charleton&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F03%2F08%2Fhome%2Fdavis-fbi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAptheker,_Bettina2014" class="citation book cs1">Aptheker, Bettina (January 21, 2014). <i>The Morning Breaks: The Trial of Angela Davis</i>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801470141" title="Special:BookSources/9780801470141"><bdi>9780801470141</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/979577423">979577423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Morning+Breaks%3A+The+Trial+of+Angela+Davis&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2014-01-21&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F979577423&rft.isbn=9780801470141&rft.au=Aptheker%2C+Bettina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1989" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Angela Yvonne (March 1989). "Nets". <i>Angela Davis: An Autobiography</i>. New York City: International Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7178-0667-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7178-0667-7"><bdi>0-7178-0667-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nets&rft.btitle=Angela+Davis%3A+An+Autobiography&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=International+Publishers&rft.date=1989-03&rft.isbn=0-7178-0667-7&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Angela+Yvonne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blaney, John. 2005 <i>John Lennon: Listen to this Book</i>. PaperJukebox. p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSol_Stern1971" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sol_Stern" title="Sol Stern">Sol Stern</a> (June 27, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-campaign.html">"The Campaign to Free Angela Davis and Ruchell Magee"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170331164926/http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-campaign.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Campaign+to+Free+Angela+Davis+and+Ruchell+Magee&rft.date=1971-06-27&rft.au=Sol+Stern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F03%2F08%2Fhome%2Fdavis-campaign.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Caldwell_(journalist)" title="Earl Caldwell (journalist)">Earl Caldwell</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-acquit.html">Angela Davis acquitted on all charges</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221174350/http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-acquit.html">Archived</a> February 21, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, June 4, 1972; retrieved August 5, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170124175051/http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/693589-angela-davis-aquittal.html">"5 Factors Noted in Angela Davis Innocent Verdict"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. Archived from the original on January 24, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=5+Factors+Noted+in+Angela+Davis+Innocent+Verdict&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentcloud.org%2Fdocuments%2F693589-angela-davis-aquittal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajor,_Reginald1973" class="citation book cs1">Major, Reginald (January 1, 1973). <i>Justice in the Round: The Trial of Angela Davis</i>. Third Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780893880521" title="Special:BookSources/9780893880521"><bdi>9780893880521</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justice+in+the+Round%3A+The+Trial+of+Angela+Davis&rft.pub=Third+Press&rft.date=1973-01-01&rft.isbn=9780893880521&rft.au=Major%2C+Reginald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYardley2013" class="citation news cs1">Yardley, William (April 27, 2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/28/us/leo-branton-jr-who-defended-angela-davis-dies-at-91.html">"Leo Branton Jr., Activists' Lawyer, Dies at 91"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175934/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/28/us/leo-branton-jr-who-defended-angela-davis-dies-at-91.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Leo+Branton+Jr.%2C+Activists%27+Lawyer%2C+Dies+at+91&rft.date=2013-04-27&rft.aulast=Yardley&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F04%2F28%2Fus%2Fleo-branton-jr-who-defended-angela-davis-dies-at-91.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seidman-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seidman_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seidman_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeidman" class="citation web cs1">Seidman, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aha.confex.com/aha/2015/webprogram/Paper16621.html">"Feminism and Revolution: Angela Davis in Cuba"</a>. <i>American Historical Association</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713084711/https://aha.confex.com/aha/2015/webprogram/Paper16621.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Feminism+and+Revolution%3A+Angela+Davis+in+Cuba&rft.aulast=Seidman&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faha.confex.com%2Faha%2F2015%2Fwebprogram%2FPaper16621.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGott2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gott" title="Richard Gott">Gott, Richard</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cubanewhistory0000gott/page/230"><i>Cuba: A New History</i></a>. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cubanewhistory0000gott/page/230">230</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10411-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10411-1"><bdi>0-300-10411-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cuba%3A+A+New+History&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-300-10411-1&rft.aulast=Gott&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcubanewhistory0000gott%2Fpage%2F230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cuba-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cuba_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawyer2006" class="citation book cs1">Sawyer, Mark (2006). <i>Racial Politics in Post-Revolutionary Cuba</i>. Los Angeles: University of California. pp. 95–97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Racial+Politics+in+Post-Revolutionary+Cuba&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pages=95-97&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannah2017" class="citation web cs1">Hannah, Jim (August 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webapp2.wright.edu/web1/newsroom/2017/08/24/revolutionary-research/">"Revolutionary research"</a>. <i>Wright State Newsroom</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023110535/https://webapp2.wright.edu/web1/newsroom/2017/08/24/revolutionary-research/">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wright+State+Newsroom&rft.atitle=Revolutionary+research&rft.date=2017-08-24&rft.aulast=Hannah&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebapp2.wright.edu%2Fweb1%2Fnewsroom%2F2017%2F08%2F24%2Frevolutionary-research%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SQtWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5908%2C189855">"Angela Davis Given Russian Peace Prize"</a>. <i>Eugene Register-Guard</i>. May 1, 1979. p. 120. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401220527/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SQtWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5908%2C189855">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eugene+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis+Given+Russian+Peace+Prize&rft.pages=120&rft.date=1979-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DSQtWAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5908%252C189855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/youtube/45045389d6759defac6845a2f3bdfcea">"Russia Davis Prize | AP Archive"</a>. <i>aparchive.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190305200838/http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/youtube/45045389d6759defac6845a2f3bdfcea">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=aparchive.com&rft.atitle=Russia+Davis+Prize+%7C+AP+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aparchive.com%2Fmetadata%2Fyoutube%2F45045389d6759defac6845a2f3bdfcea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlobodian2015" class="citation book cs1">Slobodian, Quinn (December 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g6UHCAAAQBAJ"><i>Comrades of Color: East Germany in the Cold War World</i></a>. Berghahn Books. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782387060" title="Special:BookSources/9781782387060"><bdi>9781782387060</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412144914/https://books.google.com/books?id=g6UHCAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comrades+of+Color%3A+East+Germany+in+the+Cold+War+World&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2015-12-30&rft.isbn=9781782387060&rft.aulast=Slobodian&rft.aufirst=Quinn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg6UHCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNC_Press_Books-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNC_Press_Books_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNC_Press_Books_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarber2020" class="citation book cs1">Farber, Paul M. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RvXGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA97"><i>A Wall of Our Own: An American History of the Berlin Wall</i></a>. UNC Press Books. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-5509-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-5509-3"><bdi>978-1-4696-5509-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412144928/https://books.google.com/books?id=RvXGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA97#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Wall+of+Our+Own%3A+An+American+History+of+the+Berlin+Wall&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=UNC+Press+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-4696-5509-3&rft.aulast=Farber&rft.aufirst=Paul+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRvXGDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-transcript_Verlag-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-transcript_Verlag_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-transcript_Verlag_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoscJunckerMonteithWaldschmidt-Nelson2013" class="citation book cs1">Kosc, Grzegorz; Juncker, Clara; Monteith, Sharon; Waldschmidt-Nelson, Britta (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5rvJBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85"><i>The Transatlantic Sixties: Europe and the United States in the Counterculture Decade</i></a>. transcript Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783839422168" title="Special:BookSources/9783839422168"><bdi>9783839422168</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412144907/https://books.google.com/books?id=5rvJBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transatlantic+Sixties%3A+Europe+and+the+United+States+in+the+Counterculture+Decade&rft.pub=transcript+Verlag&rft.date=2013-10&rft.isbn=9783839422168&rft.aulast=Kosc&rft.aufirst=Grzegorz&rft.au=Juncker%2C+Clara&rft.au=Monteith%2C+Sharon&rft.au=Waldschmidt-Nelson%2C+Britta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5rvJBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campus_Verlag-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campus_Verlag_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campus_Verlag_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansenHelmReichherzer2015" class="citation book cs1">Hansen, Jan; Helm, Christian; Reichherzer, Frank (December 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sIboCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA317"><i>Making Sense of the Americas: How Protest Related to America in the 1980s and Beyond</i></a>. Campus Verlag. pp. 317–332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783593504803" title="Special:BookSources/9783593504803"><bdi>9783593504803</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412144953/https://books.google.com/books?id=sIboCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA317#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Sense+of+the+Americas%3A+How+Protest+Related+to+America+in+the+1980s+and+Beyond&rft.pages=317-332&rft.pub=Campus+Verlag&rft.date=2015-12-12&rft.isbn=9783593504803&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Helm%2C+Christian&rft.au=Reichherzer%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsIboCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodden2002" class="citation book cs1">Rodden, John (January 3, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LSzZlw2jBTIC&pg=PA143"><i>Repainting the Little Red Schoolhouse: A History of Eastern German Education, 1945–1995</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195344387" title="Special:BookSources/9780195344387"><bdi>9780195344387</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412145425/https://books.google.com/books?id=LSzZlw2jBTIC&pg=PA143#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Repainting+the+Little+Red+Schoolhouse%3A+A+History+of+Eastern+German+Education%2C+1945%E2%80%931995&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002-01-03&rft.isbn=9780195344387&rft.aulast=Rodden&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLSzZlw2jBTIC%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scheers-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scheers_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheers2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Scheeres" title="Julia Scheeres">Scheers, Julia</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h1s_Ee8QDlcC&pg=PA33"><i>A Thousand Lives: the Untold Story of Jonestown</i></a>. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781451628968" title="Special:BookSources/9781451628968"><bdi>9781451628968</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Thousand+Lives%3A+the+Untold+Story+of+Jonestown&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781451628968&rft.aulast=Scheers&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh1s_Ee8QDlcC%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReitermanJacobs1982" class="citation book cs1">Reiterman, Tim; Jacobs, John (1982). <a href="/wiki/Raven_(book)" title="Raven (book)"><i>Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People</i></a>. Dutton. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ravenuntoldstory00reit/page/369">369</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-24136-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-525-24136-2"><bdi>978-0-525-24136-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raven%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+Rev.+Jim+Jones+and+His+People&rft.pages=369&rft.pub=Dutton&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-525-24136-2&rft.aulast=Reiterman&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jonestown.sdsu.edu/?page_id=19021">"Angela Davis & the Six Day Siege"</a>. Alternative Considerations of Jonestown & Peoples Temple. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175940/https://jonestown.sdsu.edu/?page_id=19021">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angela+Davis+%26+the+Six+Day+Siege&rft.pub=Alternative+Considerations+of+Jonestown+%26+Peoples+Temple&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjonestown.sdsu.edu%2F%3Fpage_id%3D19021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jonestown.sdsu.edu/?page_id=19027">"Statement of Angela Davis (Text)"</a>. Alternative Considerations of Jonestown & Peoples Temple. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401003346/https://jonestown.sdsu.edu/?page_id=19027">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+of+Angela+Davis+%28Text%29&rft.pub=Alternative+Considerations+of+Jonestown+%26+Peoples+Temple&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjonestown.sdsu.edu%2F%3Fpage_id%3D19027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jonestown.sdsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/jvs-78-7b.pdf">"Letters of Support for Peoples Temple"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Alternative Considerations of Jonestown & Peoples Temple</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410145514/https://jonestown.sdsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/jvs-78-7b.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alternative+Considerations+of+Jonestown+%26+Peoples+Temple&rft.atitle=Letters+of+Support+for+Peoples+Temple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjonestown.sdsu.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F06%2Fjvs-78-7b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jonestown.sdsu.edu/?page_id=19039">"Letters of Support for Peoples Temple"</a>. <i>Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410145513/https://jonestown.sdsu.edu/?page_id=19039">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alternative+Considerations+of+Jonestown+and+Peoples+Temple&rft.atitle=Letters+of+Support+for+Peoples+Temple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjonestown.sdsu.edu%2F%3Fpage_id%3D19039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolzhenitsyn1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr</a> (October 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-tU6cfmTSwAC&q=warning+to+the+west+solzhenitsyn+angela+davis&pg=PA61"><i>Warning to the West</i></a>. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 60–61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-374-51334-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-374-51334-1"><bdi>0-374-51334-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412145349/https://books.google.com/books?id=-tU6cfmTSwAC&q=warning+to+the+west+solzhenitsyn+angela+davis&pg=PA61#v=snippet&q=warning%20to%20the%20west%20solzhenitsyn%20angela%20davis&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warning+to+the+West&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=60-61&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=1976-10&rft.isbn=0-374-51334-1&rft.aulast=Solzhenitsyn&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-tU6cfmTSwAC%26q%3Dwarning%2Bto%2Bthe%2Bwest%2Bsolzhenitsyn%2Bangela%2Bdavis%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelikan,_Jiri1972" class="citation news cs1">Pelikan, Jiri (July 28, 1972). "Angela Davises of the world unite". <i>The Times</i>. No. 58538. London. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Angela+Davises+of+the+world+unite&rft.issue=58538&rft.pages=p.-16&rft.date=1972-07-28&rft.au=Pelikan%2C+Jiri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelikan1972" class="citation news cs1">Pelikan, Jiri (August 31, 1972). "An Open Letter to Angela Davis". <i>The New York Review</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review&rft.atitle=An+Open+Letter+to+Angela+Davis&rft.date=1972-08-31&rft.aulast=Pelikan&rft.aufirst=Jiri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Czech exile's plea rejected by Miss Davis". <i>The Times</i>. No. 58539. London. July 29, 1972. p. 4. <q>Miss [Charlene] Mitchell, who said she was acting as a spokesman for Miss Davis, took the line that people in Eastern Europe got into difficulties and ended in jail only if they were undermining the government. Those who left to go into political exile were also attacking their own country.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Czech+exile%27s+plea+rejected+by+Miss+Davis&rft.issue=58539&rft.pages=p.-4&rft.date=1972-07-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolzhenitsyn1975" class="citation book cs1">Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isaevich 1918–2008 (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SolzhenitsynTheVoiceOfFreedom"><i>Solzhenitsyn: The Voice of Freedom</i></a>. Washington, DC: Washington : American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations. p. 32<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Solzhenitsyn%3A+The+Voice+of+Freedom&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Washington%2C+DC%3A+Washington+%3A+American+Federation+of+Labor+and+Congress+of+Industrial+Organizations&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Solzhenitsyn&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr+Isaevich+1918%E2%80%932008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSolzhenitsynTheVoiceOfFreedom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Times_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Times_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes1975" class="citation news cs1">Times, Everett R. Holles Special to The New York (November 16, 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/16/archives/angela-davis-job-debated-on-coast-new-teaching-post-starts-a-fresh.html">"ANGELA DAVIS JOB DEBATED ON COAST"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014050220/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/16/archives/angela-davis-job-debated-on-coast-new-teaching-post-starts-a-fresh.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ANGELA+DAVIS+JOB+DEBATED+ON+COAST&rft.date=1975-11-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=Everett+R.+Holles+Special+to+The+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1975%2F11%2F16%2Farchives%2Fangela-davis-job-debated-on-coast-new-teaching-post-starts-a-fresh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolles1975" class="citation web cs1">Holles, Everett R. (November 16, 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-job.html">"Angela Davis Job Debated on Coast"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218014950/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-job.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis+Job+Debated+on+Coast&rft.date=1975-11-16&rft.aulast=Holles&rft.aufirst=Everett+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F03%2F08%2Fhome%2Fdavis-job.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pomona.edu/academics/departments/history/ena-thompson">"Ena H. Thompson Lectureship"</a>. Pomona College. April 2, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218014951/https://www.pomona.edu/academics/departments/history/ena-thompson">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ena+H.+Thompson+Lectureship&rft.pub=Pomona+College&rft.date=2015-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pomona.edu%2Facademics%2Fdepartments%2Fhistory%2Fena-thompson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-President-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-President_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke1984" class="citation news cs1">Brooke, James (July 29, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-vp.html">"Other Women Seeking Number 2 Spot Speak Out"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130410224503/http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-vp.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Other+Women+Seeking+Number+2+Spot+Speak+Out&rft.date=1984-07-29&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F03%2F08%2Fhome%2Fdavis-vp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/152739/Angela-Davis">"Angela Davis"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120105072514/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/152739/Angela-Davis">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F152739%2FAngela-Davis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120712103826/http://feministstudies.ucsc.edu/faculty/singleton.php?&singleton=true&cruz_id=aydavis">"Angela Davis profile"</a>. UC Santa Cruz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://feministstudies.ucsc.edu/faculty/singleton.php?&singleton=true&cruz_id=aydavis">the original</a> on July 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angela+Davis+profile&rft.pub=UC+Santa+Cruz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffeministstudies.ucsc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fsingleton.php%3F%26singleton%3Dtrue%26cruz_id%3Daydavis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130831065553/http://thecollege.syr.edu/administration/humanities_council/watson_professor.html">"Watson Professorship"</a>. Syracuse University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecollege.syr.edu/administration/humanities_council/watson_professor.html">the original</a> on August 31, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Davis at One with Communities of Struggle"</a>. <i>CIIS News and Events</i>. California Institute of Integral Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciis.edu/ciis-today/news-room/headlines-archive/2016-honorary-doctorate-angela-y-davis-at-one-with-communities-of-struggle">the original</a> on February 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. 1. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 406. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34038-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34038-3"><bdi>978-0-313-34038-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412145416/https://books.google.com/books?id=CdoIS5YdygkC&pg=PA406">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Virginia. July 21, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/roXCuwrELHM">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Davis on what's radical in the 21st century"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200310032022/https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-morrison-davis-20140507-column.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Angela+Y.+Davis+on+what%27s+radical+in+the+21st+century&rft.date=2014-05-06&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Patt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fop-ed%2Fla-oe-morrison-davis-20140507-column.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTelusma2020" class="citation web cs1">Telusma, Blue (July 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thegrio.com/2020/07/14/angela-davis-backs-biden/">"Angela Davis backs Biden because he 'can be most effectively pressured' by the left"</a>. <i>TheGrio</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201007140653/https://thegrio.com/2020/07/14/angela-davis-backs-biden/">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Teen+Vogue&rft.atitle=What+the+Prison-Abolition+Movement+Wants&rft.date=2019-12-26&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teenvogue.com%2Fstory%2Fwhat-is-prison-abolition-movement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1998" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Angela (September 10, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321103120/http://colorlines.com/archives/1998/09/masked_racism_reflections_on_the_prison_industrial_complex.html">"Masked racism: reflections on the prison-industrial complex"</a>. Color Lines. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colorlines.com/archives/1998/09/masked_racism_reflections_on_the_prison_industrial_complex.html">the original</a> on March 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Masked+racism%3A+reflections+on+the+prison-industrial+complex&rft.date=1998-09-10&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colorlines.com%2Farchives%2F1998%2F09%2Fmasked_racism_reflections_on_the_prison_industrial_complex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.democracynow.org/2020/9/7/freedom_struggle_angela_davis_on_calls">"Freedom Struggle: Angela Davis on Calls to Defund Police, Racism & Capitalism, and the 2020 Election"</a>. <i>Democracy Now!</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220414114614/https://www.democracynow.org/2020/9/7/freedom_struggle_angela_davis_on_calls">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Democracy+Now%21&rft.atitle=Freedom+Struggle%3A+Angela+Davis+on+Calls+to+Defund+Police%2C+Racism+%26+Capitalism%2C+and+the+2020+Election&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2F2020%2F9%2F7%2Ffreedom_struggle_angela_davis_on_calls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prison_Abolishment-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prison_Abolishment_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2003" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Angela (2003). <i>Are Prisons Obsolete?</i>. Canada: Open Media Series.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Are+Prisons+Obsolete%3F&rft.place=Canada&rft.pub=Open+Media+Series&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Angela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comm.ucla.edu/angela-davis-10-8-1969/">"Angela Davis 10/8/1969"</a>. <i>UCLA Communication</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106072527/https://comm.ucla.edu/angela-davis-10-8-1969/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Communication&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis+10%2F8%2F1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomm.ucla.edu%2Fangela-davis-10-8-1969%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Speech-Vietnam-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Speech-Vietnam_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis" class="citation web cs1">Davis, Angela. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2009/04/15/18589458.php">"Speech by Angela Davis at a Black Panther Rally in Bobby Hutton Park"</a>. <i>East Bay</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515012459/http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2009/04/15/18589458.php">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Democracy Now!. December 13, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101017050807/http://www.democracynow.org/2005/12/13/angela_davis_the_state_of_california">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uDiscover+Music&rft.atitle=John+Lennon+%E2%80%93+Some+Time+In+New+York+City&rft.date=2015-05-20&rft.aulast=Havers&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.udiscovermusic.com%2Fbehind-the-albums%2Fjohn-lennon-some-time-in-new-york-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/worlds-around-the-sun-mw0000942377">"Worlds Around the Sun – Bayeté, Todd Cochran | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175935/https://www.allmusic.com/album/worlds-around-the-sun-mw0000942377">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Worlds+Around+the+Sun+%E2%80%93+Bayet%C3%A9%2C+Todd+Cochran+%7C+Songs%2C+Reviews%2C+Credits+%7C+AllMusic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fworlds-around-the-sun-mw0000942377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Message From The Tribe</i>. Tribe Records.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Message+From+The+Tribe&rft.pub=Tribe+Records&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span> AR 2506.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObie2019" class="citation web cs1">Obie, Brooke (January 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shadowandact.com/sundance-exclusive-julie-dash-to-helm-angela-davis-biopic-from-lionsgate">"Sundance Exclusive: Julie Dash To Helm Angela Davis Biopic From Lionsgate"</a>. <i>Shadow and Act</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175936/https://shadowandact.com/sundance-exclusive-julie-dash-to-helm-angela-davis-biopic-from-lionsgate">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shadow+and+Act&rft.atitle=Sundance+Exclusive%3A+Julie+Dash+To+Helm+Angela+Davis+Biopic+From+Lionsgate&rft.date=2019-01-27&rft.aulast=Obie&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshadowandact.com%2Fsundance-exclusive-julie-dash-to-helm-angela-davis-biopic-from-lionsgate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKillen2005" class="citation news cs1">Killen, Andreas (January 16, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/16/magazine/the-first-hijackers.html">"The First Hijackers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175935/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/16/magazine/the-first-hijackers.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+First+Hijackers&rft.date=2005-01-16&rft.aulast=Killen&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F01%2F16%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-first-hijackers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mambo-bologna.org/en/archivio/collezionecontemporanea/opera-1106/">"Funerali di Togliatti; Author: Guttuso Renato"</a>. <i>MAMbo – Museo d'Arte Moderna di Bologna; Collezione on-line</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210629200222/http://www.mambo-bologna.org/en/archivio/collezionecontemporanea/opera-1106/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MAMbo+%E2%80%93+Museo+d%27Arte+Moderna+di+Bologna%3B+Collezione+on-line&rft.atitle=Funerali+di+Togliatti%3B+Author%3A+Guttuso+Renato&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mambo-bologna.org%2Fen%2Farchivio%2Fcollezionecontemporanea%2Fopera-1106%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000dJxCkQIelLg/s/750/750/exhibition%20guttuso25.jpg">"Detail of the painting"</a>. <i>photoshelter.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175932/http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000dJxCkQIelLg/s/750/750/exhibition%2520guttuso25.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=photoshelter.com&rft.atitle=Detail+of+the+painting&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdn.c.photoshelter.com%2Fimg-get%2FI0000dJxCkQIelLg%2Fs%2F750%2F750%2Fexhibition%2520guttuso25.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_156-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_156-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_156-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdf.oac.cdlib.org/pdf/ucla/uarc/uars0815.pdf">"UCLA University Archives. Collected materials about Angela Davis. 1969–1982"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126081631/http://pdf.oac.cdlib.org/pdf/ucla/uarc/uars0815.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UCLA+University+Archives.+Collected+materials+about+Angela+Davis.+1969%E2%80%931982&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdf.oac.cdlib.org%2Fpdf%2Fucla%2Fuarc%2Fuars0815.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_157-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_157-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1972" class="citation news cs1">Thompson, Howard (January 14, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/01/14/archives/portrait-of-miss-davis-revolutionary.html">"Portrait of Miss Davis, Revolutionary"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200212221821/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/01/14/archives/portrait-of-miss-davis-revolutionary.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Portrait+of+Miss+Davis%2C+Revolutionary&rft.date=1972-01-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F01%2F14%2Farchives%2Fportrait-of-miss-davis-revolutionary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldsworthy2007" class="citation thesis cs1">Goldsworthy, Rupert (2007). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gradworks.umi.com/32/95/3295339.html"><i>Revolt into style: Images of 1970s West German "terrorists"</i></a></span> (Thesis). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202061621/http://gradworks.umi.com/32/95/3295339.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Revolt+into+style%3A+Images+of+1970s+West+German+%22terrorists%22&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Goldsworthy&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgradworks.umi.com%2F32%2F95%2F3295339.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span> "In [<i>Network</i>, there is] a figure seemingly based on Angela Davis, called Laureen Hobbs, a verbose young Black Communist leader..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrand2018" class="citation web cs1">Brand, Jo (December 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/dec/24/from-vaginal-eggs-to-sexy-handmaids-jo-brands-feminist-quiz-of-the-year">"From vaginal eggs to sexy handmaids: Jo Brand's feminist quiz of the year | Life and style"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175935/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/dec/24/from-vaginal-eggs-to-sexy-handmaids-jo-brands-feminist-quiz-of-the-year">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=From+vaginal+eggs+to+sexy+handmaids%3A+Jo+Brand%27s+feminist+quiz+of+the+year+%26%23124%3B+Life+and+style&rft.date=2018-12-24&rft.aulast=Brand&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2018%2Fdec%2F24%2Ffrom-vaginal-eggs-to-sexy-handmaids-jo-brands-feminist-quiz-of-the-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmézianede_la_Croix2023" class="citation book cs1">Améziane, Amazing; de la Croix, Sybille Titeux (2023). <i>Ms. Davis</i>. Fantagraphics Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1683965695" title="Special:BookSources/978-1683965695"><bdi>978-1683965695</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ms.+Davis&rft.pub=Fantagraphics+Books&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1683965695&rft.aulast=Am%C3%A9ziane&rft.aufirst=Amazing&rft.au=de+la+Croix%2C+Sybille+Titeux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180130215952/http://www.msmagazine.com/spring2002/davis.asp">"Joan Little: The Dialectics of Rape"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ms._(magazine)" title="Ms. (magazine)">Ms.</a></i> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msmagazine.com/spring2002/davis.asp">the original</a> on January 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ms.&rft.atitle=Joan+Little%3A+The+Dialectics+of+Rape&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msmagazine.com%2Fspring2002%2Fdavis.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://folkways.si.edu/angela-davis-speaks/african-american-spoken-american-history/music/album/smithsonian">"Smithsonian Folkways Recordings"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084604/https://folkways.si.edu/angela-davis-speaks/african-american-spoken-american-history/music/album/smithsonian">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smithsonian+Folkways+Recordings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffolkways.si.edu%2Fangela-davis-speaks%2Fafrican-american-spoken-american-history%2Fmusic%2Falbum%2Fsmithsonian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-512-1v5bc3tn06">"Interview with Angela Davis"</a>. <i>Black Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Black+Journal&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Angela+Davis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericanarchive.org%2Fcatalog%2Fcpb-aacip-512-1v5bc3tn06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/race/interviews/davis.html">"Interview with Angela Davis | The Two Nations of Black America | <i>Frontline</i>"</a>. <i>pbs.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428094043/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/race/interviews/davis.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pbs.org&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Angela+Davis+%7C+The+Two+Nations+of+Black+America+%7C+Frontline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Frace%2Finterviews%2Fdavis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1538867/">"Mountains That Take Wing"</a>. <i>imdb.com</i>. June 7, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725083718/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1538867/">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=imdb.com&rft.atitle=Mountains+That+Take+Wing&rft.date=2010-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt1538867%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1592527/">"The Black Power Mixtape 1967–1975"</a>. <i>imdb.com</i>. April 1, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214234523/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1592527/">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=imdb.com&rft.atitle=The+Black+Power+Mixtape+1967%E2%80%931975&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt1592527%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04svjxn">"Activist Professor Angela Davis"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141226000631/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04svjxn">Archived</a> December 26, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Woman's Hour</i>, BBC Radio 4, December 3, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://henryart.org/programs/criminal-queers-screening-conversation">"Criminal Queers Screening & Conversation – Henry Art Gallery"</a>. <i>henryart.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084653/https://henryart.org/programs/criminal-queers-screening-conversation">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=henryart.org&rft.atitle=Criminal+Queers+Screening+%26+Conversation+%E2%80%93+Henry+Art+Gallery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhenryart.org%2Fprograms%2Fcriminal-queers-screening-conversation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inthesetimes.com/article/the-filmmakers-behind-criminal-queers-explain-why-queer-liberation-is-priso">"The Filmmakers Behind 'Criminal Queers' Explain Why "Queer Liberation is Prison Abolition"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>In These Times</i>. June 26, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128114626/https://inthesetimes.com/article/the-filmmakers-behind-criminal-queers-explain-why-queer-liberation-is-priso">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+These+Times&rft.atitle=The+Filmmakers+Behind+%27Criminal+Queers%27+Explain+Why+%22Queer+Liberation+is+Prison+Abolition%22&rft.date=2015-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finthesetimes.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-filmmakers-behind-criminal-queers-explain-why-queer-liberation-is-priso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_United_Committee_to_Free_Angela_Davis1970–1972" class="citation book cs1">National United Committee to Free Angela Davis (1970–1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/4083517"><i>National United Committee to Free Angela Davis records, circa 1970–1972</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175933/https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/4083517">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+United+Committee+to+Free+Angela+Davis+records%2C+circa+1970%E2%80%931972&rft.date=1970%2F1972&rft.au=National+United+Committee+to+Free+Angela+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearchworks.stanford.edu%2Fview%2F4083517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175937/http://www.mcli.org/law/bancroft.html">"Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Institute | Using the Law | Bancroft Library"</a>. <i>mcli.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcli.org/law/bancroft.html">the original</a> on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mcli.org&rft.atitle=Meiklejohn+Civil+Liberties+Institute+%7C+Using+the+Law+%7C+Bancroft+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcli.org%2Flaw%2Fbancroft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Bancroft_Library,_University_of_California,_Berkeley" class="citation web cs1">The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190324180555/http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/meiklejohn/publications.html">"Publications of the Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Institute"</a>. <i>bancroft.berkeley.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/meiklejohn/publications.html">the original</a> on March 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bancroft.berkeley.edu&rft.atitle=Publications+of+the+Meiklejohn+Civil+Liberties+Institute&rft.au=The+Bancroft+Library%2C+University+of+California%2C+Berkeley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbancroft.berkeley.edu%2Fcollections%2Fmeiklejohn%2Fpublications.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHong2018" class="citation web cs1">Hong, Sarah J. (February 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175945/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/angela-davis-donates-papers-schlesinger-library">"Angela Davis Donates Papers to Schlesinger Library"</a>. <i>radcliffe.harvard.edu</i>. Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/angela-davis-donates-papers-schlesinger-library">the original</a> on March 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=radcliffe.harvard.edu&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis+Donates+Papers+to+Schlesinger+Library&rft.date=2018-02-14&rft.aulast=Hong&rft.aufirst=Sarah+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radcliffe.harvard.edu%2Fnews%2Fin-news%2Fangela-davis-donates-papers-schlesinger-library&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:9_174-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorsley2019" class="citation book cs1">Horsley, David (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hew9zQEACAAJ"><i>Billy Strachan 1921–1988 RAF Officer, Communist, Civil Rights Pioneer, Legal Administrator, Internationalist and Above All Caribbean Man</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Labour_Solidarity" title="Caribbean Labour Solidarity">Caribbean Labour Solidarity</a>. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2055-7035">2055-7035</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813152241/https://books.google.com/books?id=hew9zQEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billy+Strachan+1921%E2%80%931988+RAF+Officer%2C+Communist%2C+Civil+Rights+Pioneer%2C+Legal+Administrator%2C+Internationalist+and+Above+All+Caribbean+Man&rft.place=London&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Caribbean+Labour+Solidarity&rft.date=2019&rft.issn=2055-7035&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhew9zQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Popular media</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/race/interviews/davis.html">"Interview with Angela Davis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontline (U.S. TV series)">Frontline</a></i>. PBS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Angela+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Frace%2Finterviews%2Fdavis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis,_Angela_(Guest)" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Angela (Guest). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051214191457/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=03/04/07/0158221">"Resisting the Prison Industrial Complex"</a>. <i>Democracy Now</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=03/04/07/0158221">the original</a> on December 14, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democracy+Now&rft.atitle=Resisting+the+Prison+Industrial+Complex&rft.au=Davis%2C+Angela+%28Guest%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2Farticle.pl%3Fsid%3D03%2F04%2F07%2F0158221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span> Round table discussion.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000817201121/http://www.time.com/time/community/transcripts/chattr092298.html">"Attacking the Prison Industrial Complex"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/community/transcripts/chattr092298.html">the original</a> on August 17, 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Attacking+the+Prison+Industrial+Complex&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fcommunity%2Ftranscripts%2Fchattr092298.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span> Chat-room users' interview with Davis.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051223222203/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2003/03.13/09-davis.html">"Angela Davis"</a>. <i>Harvard Gazette</i>. March 13, 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2003/03.13/09-davis.html">the original</a> on December 23, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Gazette&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis&rft.date=2003-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.harvard.edu%2Fgazette%2F2003%2F03.13%2F09-davis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2007/10/27/18456544.php">"Practical Activism Conference in Santa Cruz"</a>. <i>indybay.org</i>. October 27, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=indybay.org&rft.atitle=Practical+Activism+Conference+in+Santa+Cruz&rft.date=2007-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indybay.org%2Fnewsitems%2F2007%2F10%2F27%2F18456544.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span>. Audio recording of Davis.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYounge,_Gary2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Younge" title="Gary Younge">Younge, Gary</a> (November 8, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/usa/story/0,,2207188,00.html">"We used to think there was a black community"</a>. <i>Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian&rft.atitle=We+used+to+think+there+was+a+black+community&rft.date=2007-11-08&rft.au=Younge%2C+Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fusa%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C2207188%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span> Interview.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2010/10/19/angela_davis_on_the_prison_abolishment">"Angela Davis on the 40th Anniversary of Her Arrest and President Obama's First Two Years"</a>. <i>Democracy Now!</i>. October 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democracy+Now%21&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis+on+the+40th+Anniversary+of+Her+Arrest+and+President+Obama%27s+First+Two+Years&rft.date=2010-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2F2010%2F10%2F19%2Fangela_davis_on_the_prison_abolishment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span> Video interview.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/AngelaD">"Interview with Angela Davis"</a>. In Depth. C-Span. October 3, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Angela+Davis&rft.date=2004-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-spanvideo.org%2Fprogram%2FAngelaD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_V._Roberts" title="Steven V. Roberts">Roberts, Steven V.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1970/08/23/archives/angela-davis-the-making-of-a-radical-not-convicted.html">"Angela Davis: The Making Of a Radical"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, August 23, 1970.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeanga-Yamahtta_Taylor" title="Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor">Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta</a>, <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'Hell, Yes, We Are Subversive<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>" (review of <a href="/wiki/Angela_Y._Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Y. Davis">Angela Y. Davis</a>, <i>Angela Davis: An Autobiography</i>, Haymarket, 2022, 358 pp.; and Charisse Burden-Stelly and <a href="/wiki/Jodi_Dean" title="Jodi Dean">Jodi Dean</a>, eds., <i>Organize, Fight, Win: Black Communist Women's Political Writing</i>, Verso, 2022, 323 pp.), <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>, vol. LXIX, no. 14 (September 22, 2022), pp. 58, 60–62.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisWiener2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis, Mike</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jon_Weiner" title="Jon Weiner">Wiener, Jon</a> (2020). <i><a href="/wiki/Set_the_Night_on_Fire:_L.A._in_the_Sixties" title="Set the Night on Fire: L.A. in the Sixties">Set the Night on Fire: L.A. in the Sixties</a></i>. New York: Verso Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Set+the+Night+on+Fire%3A+L.A.+in+the+Sixties&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Wiener%2C+Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Primary sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8x06bbs/">Donald Kalish papers, Box 4 and Box 7</a>. UCLA Library Special Collections.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis" class="extiw" title="commons:Angela Davis"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Angela Davis</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Angela_Davis" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/artist/p362880">Angela Davis</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blackhistorydaily.com/black_quotes/angela__davis_quotes.html">"Davis quotations"</a>. <i>Black History Daily</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Black+History+Daily&rft.atitle=Davis+quotations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblackhistorydaily.com%2Fblack_quotes%2Fangela__davis_quotes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?21225">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0204171/">Angela Davis</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110503212824/http://www.aacvr-germany.org/AACVR.ORG/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=102&Itemid=70">"Angela Davis Biography, The Civil Rights Struggle, African American GIs, and Germany"</a>. aacvr-germany.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aacvr-germany.org/AACVR.ORG/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=102&Itemid=70">the original</a> on May 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angela+Davis+Biography%2C+The+Civil+Rights+Struggle%2C+African+American+GIs%2C+and+Germany&rft.pub=aacvr-germany.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aacvr-germany.org%2FAACVR.ORG%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D102%26Itemid%3D70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313145214/http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1427">"Angela Davis"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Alabama</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1427">the original</a> on March 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Angela+Davis&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Alabama&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofalabama.org%2Fface%2FArticle.jsp%3Fid%3Dh-1427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.lib.ua.edu/81493">"Angela Davis Ephemera Collection, W.S. Hoole Special Collections Library"</a>. University Libraries Division of Special Collections, The University of Alabama.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angela+Davis+Ephemera+Collection%2C+W.S.+Hoole+Special+Collections+Library&rft.pub=University+Libraries+Division+of+Special+Collections%2C+The+University+of+Alabama&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.lib.ua.edu%2F81493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://floridamemory.com/items/show/232439">"Film clip, Davis speaking at Florida A&M University's Black History Month convocation"</a>. Florida Memory. 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Film+clip%2C+Davis+speaking+at+Florida+A%26M+University%27s+Black+History+Month+convocation&rft.pub=Florida+Memory&rft.date=1979&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffloridamemory.com%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F232439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngela+Davis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis.html"><i>The New York Times</i> archive of Davis-related articles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/resources/9669">Angela Y. Davis Papers, 1937–2017</a> MC 940. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/99153697818103941/catalog">Angela Y. Davis Collection of the Schlesinger Library</a> A/D260. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://culturalstudies.ucsc.edu/inscriptions/volume-7/angela-y-davis-elizabeth-martinez/">"Coalition Building Among People of Color"</a> A discussion with Angela Y. Davis and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Elizabeth Martínez">Elizabeth Martínez</a> (1993)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Tyner" title="Jarvis Tyner">Jarvis Tyner</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a> vice presidential candidate </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1980_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 U.S. presidential election">1980</a> (lost), <a href="/wiki/1984_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1984 U.S. presidential election">1984</a> (lost) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">—</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communist_Party_USA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#b3333d;color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Communist_Party_USA" title="Template:Communist Party USA"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Communist_Party_USA" title="Template talk:Communist Party USA"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Communist_Party_USA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Communist Party USA"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communist_Party_USA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Communist Party USA</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b3333d;color:white;width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b3333d;color:white;width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Z._Foster" title="William Z. Foster">William Z. Foster</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>; <a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a>; <a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Browder" title="Earl Browder">Earl Browder</a> (<a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>; <a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlene_Mitchell" title="Charlene Mitchell">Charlene Mitchell</a> (<a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a> (<a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a>; <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>; <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a>; <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b3333d;color:white;width:1%">Vice Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gitlow" title="Benjamin Gitlow">Benjamin Gitlow</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>; <a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_W._Ford" title="James W. Ford">James W. Ford</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>; <a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>; <a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlene_Mitchell" title="Charlene Mitchell">Mike Zagarell</a> (<a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Tyner" title="Jarvis Tyner">Jarvis Tyner</a> (<a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a>; <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angela Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a>; <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b3333d;color:white;width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C._E._Ruthenberg" title="C. E. Ruthenberg">C. E. Ruthenberg</a> (1919–1920; 1922–1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Wagenknecht" title="Alfred Wagenknecht">Alfred Wagenknecht</a> (1919–1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dirba" title="Charles Dirba">Charles Dirba</a> (1920–1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Shapiro_(communist)" title="Louis Shapiro (communist)">Louis Shapiro</a> (late 1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L._E._Katterfeld" title="L. E. Katterfeld">L. E. Katterfeld</a> (1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Weinstone" title="William Weinstone">William Weinstone</a> (1921–1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Lovestone" title="Jay Lovestone">Jay Lovestone</a> (1922; 1927–1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_P._Cannon" title="James P. Cannon">James P. Cannon</a> (1921–1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Harrison" title="Caleb Harrison">Caleb Harrison</a> (1921–1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abram_Jakira" title="Abram Jakira">Abram Jakira</a> (1922–1923)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Z._Foster" title="William Z. Foster">William Z. Foster</a> (1929–1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Browder" title="Earl Browder">Earl Browder</a> (1934–1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Dennis" title="Eugene Dennis">Eugene Dennis</a> (1945–1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Z._Foster" title="William Z. Foster">William Z. Foster</a> (1945–1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a> (1959–2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Webb_(communist)" title="Sam Webb (communist)">Sam Webb</a> (2000–2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bachtell" title="John Bachtell">John Bachtell</a> (2014–2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Rossana Cambron & <a href="/wiki/Joe_Sims_(politician)" title="Joe Sims (politician)">Joe Sims</a> (2019–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b3333d;color:white;width:1%">Prominent members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Ades" title="Bernard Ades">Bernard Ades</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Albertson" title="William Albertson">William Albertson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Aptheker" title="Herbert Aptheker">Herbert Aptheker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Bedacht" title="Max Bedacht">Max Bedacht</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bernard_(American_politician)" title="John Bernard (American politician)">John Bernard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bernstein" title="Walter Bernstein">Walter Bernstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Blitzstein" title="Marc Blitzstein">Marc Blitzstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ella_Reeve_Bloor" title="Ella Reeve Bloor">Ella Reeve Bloor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Burlak" title="Anne Burlak">Anne Burlak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cacchione" title="Peter Cacchione">Peter Cacchione</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_J._Davis_Jr." title="Benjamin J. Davis Jr.">Benjamin J. Davis Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Graham_Du_Bois" title="Shirley Graham Du Bois">Shirley Graham Du Bois</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bella_Dodd" title="Bella Dodd">Bella Dodd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Durham" title="Richard Durham">Richard Durham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Goldman_(politician)" title="Albert Goldman (politician)">Albert Goldman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gurley_Flynn" title="Elizabeth Gurley Flynn">Elizabeth Gurley Flynn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Haywood" title="Harry Haywood">Harry Haywood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Ray_Healey" title="Dorothy Ray Healey">Dorothy Ray Healey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manning_Johnson" title="Manning Johnson">Manning Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oakley_C._Johnson" title="Oakley C. Johnson">Oakley C. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Jones" title="Claudia Jones">Claudia Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Konikow" title="Antoinette Konikow">Antoinette Konikow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lightfoot" title="Claude Lightfoot">Claude Lightfoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Nelson_(activist)" title="Steve Nelson (activist)">Steve Nelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Emil_Nygard" title="Karl Emil Nygard">Karl Emil Nygard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Patterson" title="William L. Patterson">William L. Patterson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tupac_Shakur" title="Tupac Shakur">Tupac Shakur</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Taylor_(politician)" title="Charles E. Taylor (politician)">Charles E. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Tenayuca" title="Emma Tenayuca">Emma Tenayuca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wright_(author)" title="Richard Wright (author)">Richard Wright</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b3333d;color:white;width:1%">Litigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Albertson_v._Subversive_Activities_Control_Board" title="Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board">Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Aptheker_v._Secretary_of_State" title="Aptheker v. Secretary of State">Aptheker v. Secretary of State</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_v._Subversive_Activities_Control_Board" title="Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Board">Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Board</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/De_Jonge_v._Oregon" title="De Jonge v. Oregon">De Jonge v. Oregon</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dennis_v._United_States" title="Dennis v. United States">Dennis v. United States</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Kent_v._Dulles" title="Kent v. Dulles">Kent v. Dulles</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Keyishian_v._Board_of_Regents" title="Keyishian v. Board of Regents">Keyishian v. Board of Regents</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Noto_v._United_States" title="Noto v. United States">Noto v. United States</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Scales_v._United_States" title="Scales v. United States">Scales v. United States</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smith_Act_trials_of_Communist_Party_leaders" title="Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders">Smith Act trials</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Watkins_v._United_States" title="Watkins v. United States">Watkins v. United States</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Yates_v._United_States" title="Yates v. United States">Yates v. United States</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b3333d;color:white;width:1%">State parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b3333d;color:white;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Communist Party of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Maryland" title="Communist Party of Maryland">Maryland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Texas" title="Communist Party of Texas">Texas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b3333d;color:white;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Chapter_of_the_Communist_Party_USA" title="Alabama Chapter of the Communist Party USA">Alabama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Hawaii" title="Communist Party of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b3333d;color:white;width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Committee_for_Spanish_Freedom" title="American Committee for Spanish Freedom">American Committee for Spanish Freedom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_socialism" title="Bill of Rights socialism">Bill of Rights socialism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Browderism" title="Browderism">Browderism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Communist Labor Party of America">Communist Labor Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English-language_press_of_the_Communist_Party_USA" title="English-language press of the Communist Party USA">English-language press</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Publishers" title="International Publishers">International Publishers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_federation" title="Language federation">Language federation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Left_Wing_Section_of_the_Socialist_Party" title="Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party">Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Battalion" title="Lincoln Battalion">Lincoln Battalion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Communist_Party_USA_members_who_have_held_office_in_the_United_States" title="List of Communist Party USA members who have held office in the United States">List of Communist Party USA members who have held office in the United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_conventions_of_the_Communist_Party_USA" title="National conventions of the Communist Party USA">National conventions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Workers_School" title="New York Workers School">New York Workers School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Non-English_press_of_the_Communist_Party_USA" title="Non-English press of the Communist Party USA">Non-English press</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_World" title="People's World">People's World</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_diaper_baby" title="Red diaper baby">Red diaper baby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Workers%27_School" title="San Francisco Workers' School">San Francisco Workers' School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Negro_Republic" title="Soviet Negro Republic">Soviet Negro Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Party_USA_and_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="The Communist Party USA and African Americans">Relations with African Americans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ware_Group" title="Ware Group">Ware Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yokinen_Show_Trial" title="Yokinen Show Trial">Yokinen Show Trial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Young_Communist_League_USA" title="Young Communist League USA">Young Communist League USA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Young_Pioneers_of_America" title="Young Pioneers of America">Young Pioneers of America</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jim_Jones_and_the_Peoples_Temple" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Peoples_Temple" title="Template:Peoples Temple"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Peoples_Temple" title="Template talk:Peoples Temple"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Peoples_Temple" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Peoples Temple"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jim_Jones_and_the_Peoples_Temple" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jones" title="Jim Jones">Jim Jones</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Peoples_Temple" title="Peoples Temple">Peoples Temple</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Hotel_(San_Francisco)" title="International Hotel (San Francisco)">I-Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_Temple_in_San_Francisco" title="Peoples Temple in San Francisco">Peoples Temple in San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonestown" title="Jonestown">Jonestown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Stoen" title="Timothy Stoen">Timothy Stoen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannie_Mills" title="Jeannie Mills">Jeannie Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Mitchell" title="Tyrone Mitchell">Tyrone Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Ijames" title="Archie Ijames">Archie Ijames</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Congressional entourage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Ryan" title="Leo Ryan">Leo Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Speier" title="Jackie Speier">Jackie Speier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Harris_(journalist)" title="Don Harris (journalist)">Don Harris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Father_Divine" title="Father Divine">Father Divine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Branham" title="William M. Branham">William M. Branham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Garry" title="Charles Garry">Charles Garry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Kilduff" title="Marshall Kilduff">Marshall Kilduff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Lane_(author)" title="Mark Lane (author)">Mark Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Moscone" title="George Moscone">George Moscone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Brown_(politician)" title="Willie Brown (politician)">Willie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk" title="Harvey Milk">Harvey Milk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Huey P. Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Burke" title="John R. Burke">John R. Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Dymally" title="Mervyn Dymally">Mervyn Dymally</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_%26_White_(book)" title="Black & White (book)">Black & White</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raven_(book)" title="Raven (book)">Raven</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seductive_Poison" title="Seductive Poison">Seductive Poison</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Thousand_Lives" title="A Thousand Lives">A Thousand Lives</a></i> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films and television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jonestown:_The_Life_and_Death_of_Peoples_Temple" title="Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple">Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jonestown:_Paradise_Lost" title="Jonestown: Paradise Lost">Jonestown: Paradise Lost</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Dramatizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guyana:_Crime_of_the_Century" title="Guyana: Crime of the Century">Guyana: Crime of the Century</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guyana_Tragedy:_The_Story_of_Jim_Jones" title="Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones">Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sacrament_(2013_film)" title="The Sacrament (2013 film)">The Sacrament</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cult_Awareness_Network" title="Cult Awareness Network">Cult Awareness Network</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Drinking_the_Kool-Aid" title="Drinking the Kool-Aid">Drinking the Kool-Aid</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pearl_Willis_Foundation" title="Mary Pearl Willis Foundation">Mary Pearl Willis Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreen_Cemetery_(Oakland,_California)" title="Evergreen Cemetery (Oakland, California)">Evergreen Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jones_in_popular_culture" title="Jim Jones in popular culture">Jim Jones in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1976)_1980_United_States_presidential_election_(1984_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1980 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1980 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1980 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1976)_1980_United_States_presidential_election_(1984_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">← 1976</a>) <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries#Results" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">results</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Political positions of Ronald Reagan">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">John B. Anderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1980_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1980 presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">John Connally</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phil_Crane" title="Phil Crane">Phil Crane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Fernandez" title="Ben Fernandez">Ben Fernandez</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries#Results" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">results</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Ted Kennedy 1980 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_Shall_Never_Die" title="The Dream Shall Never Die">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Dellums" title="Ron Dellums">Ron Dellums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Candidate</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">John B. Anderson</a></b></dd> <dt>Running mate</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lucey" title="Patrick Lucey">Patrick Lucey</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_independent_and_third-party_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">third-party</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_third_party_and_independent_presidential_candidates,_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 1980">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Ed_Clark" title="Ed Clark">Ed Clark</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/David_Koch" title="David Koch">David Koch</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF90;"><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Barry_Commoner" title="Barry Commoner">Barry Commoner</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/LaDonna_Harris" title="LaDonna Harris">LaDonna Harris</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D50000;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party (United States)">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angela Davis</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Smith" title="Maureen Smith">Maureen Smith</a></b></li> <li><b>VP Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cervantes_Barron" title="Elizabeth Cervantes Barron">Elizabeth Cervantes Barron</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bubar_Jr." title="Benjamin Bubar Jr.">Ben Bubar</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/David_McReynolds" title="David McReynolds">David McReynolds</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Diane_Drufenbrock" title="Diane Drufenbrock">Diane Drufenbrock</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pulley" title="Andrew Pulley">Andrew Pulley</a></b></dd> <dt>Alternate nominees</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Congress" title="Richard Congress">Richard Congress</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clifton_DeBerry" title="Clifton DeBerry">Clifton DeBerry</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Deirdre_Griswold" title="Deirdre Griswold">Deirdre Griswold </a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gavrielle_Holmes" title="Gavrielle Holmes">Gavrielle Holmes</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Spannaus" title="Warren Spannaus">Warren Spannaus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Other 1980 elections</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1980 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1980 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1980 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1980)_1984_United_States_presidential_election_(1988_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1984 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1984 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1984 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1980)_1984_United_States_presidential_election_(1988_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">← 1980</a>) <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_National_Convention" title="1984 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries#Results" title="1984 Republican Party presidential primaries">results</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1984 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Political positions of Ronald Reagan">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Fernandez" title="Ben Fernandez">Ben Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries#Results" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">results</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Reubin_Askew" title="Reubin Askew">Reubin Askew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cranston" title="Alan Cranston">Alan Cranston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Hart" title="Gary Hart">Gary Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hollings" title="Fritz Hollings">Fritz Hollings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Jesse Jackson 1984 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF90;"><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Johnson" title="Sonia Johnson">Sonia Johnson</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Walton" title="Richard J. Walton">Richard Walton</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D50000;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angela Davis</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/David_Bergland" title="David Bergland">David Bergland</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/James_A._Lewis_(politician)" title="James A. Lewis (politician)">Jim Lewis</a></b></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gene_Burns" title="Gene Burns">Gene Burns</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_Ravenal" title="Earl Ravenal">Earl Ravenal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ruwart" title="Mary Ruwart">Mary Ruwart</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_Winn" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Winn">Edward Winn</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Helen_Halyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Helen Halyard">Helen Halyard</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Johnson" title="Sonia Johnson">Sonia Johnson</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Walton" title="Richard J. Walton">Richard Walton</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Melvin_T._Mason" title="Melvin T. Mason">Melvin T. Mason</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Matilde_Zimmermann" title="Matilde Zimmermann">Matilde Zimmermann</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b>Larry Holmes</b></dd> <dt>Alternate nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gavrielle_Holmes" title="Gavrielle Holmes">Gavrielle Holmes</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Charles Doty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Flynt" title="Larry Flynt">Larry Flynt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Harmon" title="Larry Harmon">Larry "Bozo" Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li>running mate: <a href="/wiki/Billy_Davis_(Mississippi_politician)" title="Billy Davis (Mississippi politician)">Billy Davis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Other 1984 elections</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1984 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1984 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1984 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Book_Awards_winners_(1980–1999)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Book_Awards" title="Template:American Book Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Book_Awards" title="Template talk:American Book Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Book_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Book Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Book_Awards_winners_(1980–1999)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Book_Awards" title="American Book Awards">American Book Awards</a> winners (1980–1999)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Woolf" title="Douglas Woolf">Douglas Woolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Dorn" title="Ed Dorn">Edward Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayne_Cortez" title="Jayne Cortez">Jayne Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Marmon_Silko" title="Leslie Marmon Silko">Leslie Marmon Silko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei-mei_Berssenbrugge" title="Mei-mei Berssenbrugge">Mei-mei Berssenbrugge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Murayama" title="Milton Murayama">Milton Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Troupe" title="Quincy Troupe">Quincy Troupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolfo_Anaya" title="Rudolfo Anaya">Rudolfo Anaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_(poet)" title="Alta (poet)">Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Chong_Lau" title="Alan Chong Lau">Alan Chong Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_N._Santos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bienvenido N. Santos">Bienvenido N. Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Adam" title="Helen Adam">Helen Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Mitchell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lionel Mitchell (page does not exist)">Lionel Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Algar%C3%ADn" title="Miguel Algarín">Miguel Algarín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholasa_Mohr" title="Nicholasa Mohr">Nicholasa Mohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blue_Cloud" title="Peter Blue Cloud">Peter Blue Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kelly_(poet)" title="Robert Kelly (poet)">Robert Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_Drachler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose Drachler (page does not exist)">Rose Drachler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Howe" title="Susan Howe">Susan Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Cade_Bambara" title="Toni Cade Bambara">Toni Cade Bambara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Young" title="Al Young">Al Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Niatum" title="Duane Niatum">Duane Niatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._L._Mayo" title="E. L. Mayo">E. L. Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chin" title="Frank Chin">Frank Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Obenzinger" title="Hilton Obenzinger">Hilton Obenzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Him_Mark_Lai" title="Him Mark Lai">Him Mark Lai</a> / <a href="/wiki/Genny_Lim" title="Genny Lim">Genny Lim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Yung" title="Judy Yung">Judy Yung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Rothenberg" title="Jerome Rothenberg">Jerome Rothenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Thomas" title="Joyce Carol Thomas">Joyce Carol Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Quintana" title="Leroy Quintana">Leroy Quintana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorna_Dee_Cervantes" title="Lorna Dee Cervantes">Lorna Dee Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Phillip_Tanaka" title="Ronald Phillip Tanaka">Ronald Phillip Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Banks" title="Russell Banks">Russell Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tato_Laviera" title="Tato Laviera">Tato Laviera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Christian" title="Barbara Christian">Barbara Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecilia_Liang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecilia Liang (page does not exist)">Cecilia Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelina_Vigil-Pi%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Evangelina Vigil-Piñón">Evangelina Vigil-Piñón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Rohmer" title="Harriet Rohmer">Harriet Rohmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Houston" title="James D. Houston">James D. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tarahata_Hagedorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn">Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Williams" title="John A. Williams">John A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Kogawa" title="Joy Kogawa">Joy Kogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Grahn" title="Judy Grahn">Judy Grahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Candelaria" title="Nash Candelaria">Nash Candelaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Guralnick" title="Peter Guralnick">Peter Guralnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_%C3%93_Tuama" title="Seán Ó Tuama">Seán Ó Tuama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Brown_(writer)" title="Cecil Brown (writer)">Cecil Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Schwartz_(writer_and_editor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Schwartz (writer and editor)">Howard Schwartz</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Mark_Podwal" title="Mark Podwal">Mark Podwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamu_Amiri_Baraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamu Amiri Baraka">Imamu Amiri Baraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Col%C3%B3n" title="Jesús Colón">Jesús Colón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bruchac" title="Joseph Bruchac">Joseph Bruchac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kenny" title="Maurice Kenny">Maurice Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei-mei_Berssenbrugge" title="Mei-mei Berssenbrugge">Mei-mei Berssenbrugge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min%C3%A9_Okubo" title="Miné Okubo">Miné Okubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paule_Marshall" title="Paule Marshall">Paule Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthanne_Lum_McCunn" title="Ruthanne Lum McCunn">Ruthanne Lum McCunn</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=You-shan_Tang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="You-shan Tang (page does not exist)">You-shan Tang</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Lai-shan_Yeung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Lai-shan Yeung (page does not exist)">Ellen Lai-shan Yeung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McGrath_(poet)" title="Thomas McGrath (poet)">Thomas McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatesh_Kulkarni" title="Venkatesh Kulkarni">Venkatesh Kulkarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(author)" title="William Kennedy (author)">William J. Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Jackson" title="Angela Jackson">Angela Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Genthe" title="Arnold Genthe">Arnold Genthe</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kuo_Wei_Tchen" title="John Kuo Wei Tchen">John Kuo Wei Tchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_J._McElroy" title="Colleen J. McElroy">Colleen J. McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Soto" title="Gary Soto">Gary Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Irons" title="Peter Irons">Peter Irons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keiho_Soga" title="Keiho Soga">Keiho Soga</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taisanboku_Mori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taisanboku Mori (page does not exist)">Taisanboku Mori</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sojin_Takei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sojin Takei (page does not exist)">Sojin Takei</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muin_Ozaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muin Ozaki (page does not exist)">Muin Ozaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Owen" title="Maureen Owen">Maureen Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Sarton" title="May Sarton">May Sarton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duncan_(poet)" title="Robert Duncan (poet)">Robert Edward Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Jones_(teacher)" title="Ron Jones (teacher)">Ron Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Cisneros" title="Sandra Cisneros">Sandra Cisneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sanchez" title="Sonia Sanchez">Sonia Sanchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Vinograd" title="Julia Vinograd">Julia Vinograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Oandasan" title="William Oandasan">William Oandasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Lee_Walters" title="Anna Lee Walters">Anna Lee Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherr%C3%ADe_Moraga" title="Cherríe Moraga">Cherríe Moraga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gloria_E._Anzald%C3%BAa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria E. Anzaldúa">Gloria E. Anzaldúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Barolini" title="Helen Barolini">Helen Barolini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Hannusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeff Hannusch (page does not exist)">Jeff Hannusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Hogan_(writer)" title="Linda Hogan (writer)">Linda Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Algar%C3%ADn" title="Miguel Algarín">Miguel Algarín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natasha_Borovsky" title="Natasha Borovsky">Natasha Borovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Federman" title="Raymond Federman">Raymond Federman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Howe" title="Susan Howe">Susan Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Winch" title="Terence Winch">Terence Winch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshio_Mori" title="Toshio Mori">Toshio Mori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_(poet)" title="Ai (poet)">Ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Castillo" title="Ana Castillo">Ana Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyn_Zarco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyn Zarco (page does not exist)">Cyn Zarco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_McGuire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel McGuire (page does not exist)">Daniel McGuire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bryant" title="Dorothy Bryant">Dorothy Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etheridge_Knight" title="Etheridge Knight">Etheridge Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Giddins" title="Gary Giddins">Gary Giddins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pekar" title="Harvey Pekar">Harvey Pekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Welch_(writer)" title="James Welch (writer)">James Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wieners" title="John Wieners">John Wieners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Felipe_Herrera" title="Juan Felipe Herrera">Juan Felipe Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Chiavola_Birnbaum" title="Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum">Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mayo_(poet)" title="Michael Mayo (poet)">Michael Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septima_Poinsette_Clark" title="Septima Poinsette Clark">Septima Poinsette Clark</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Stokes_Brown" title="Cynthia Stokes Brown">Cynthia Stokes Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McMillan" title="Terry McMillan">Terry McMillan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Blakely" title="Allison Blakely">Allison Blakely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Olson" title="Charles Olson">Charles Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(civil_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy Bates (civil rights activist)">Daisy Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam">David Halberstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Sanders" title="Ed Sanders">Edward Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Vizenor" title="Gerald Vizenor">Gerald Vizenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Santiago_Baca" title="Jimmy Santiago Baca">Jimmy Santiago Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesho_Y._Scott" title="Kesho Y. Scott">Kesho Y. Scott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Muhanji" title="Cherry Muhanji">Cherry Muhanji</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyirba_High&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyirba High (page does not exist)">Egyirba High</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlon_K._Hom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marlon K. Hom (page does not exist)">Marlon K. Hom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hoff" title="Benjamin Hoff">Benjamin Hoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Sukenick" title="Ronald Sukenick">Ronald Sukenick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_La_Puma" title="Salvatore La Puma">Salvatore La Puma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_Tek_Lum" title="Wing Tek Lum">Wing Tek Lum</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek_Lum_Lum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tek Lum Lum (page does not exist)">Tek Lum Lum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Luz_Villanueva" title="Alma Luz Villanueva">Alma Luz Villanueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askia_M._Tour%C3%A9" title="Askia M. Touré">Askia M. Touré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Lau" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolyn Lau">Carolyn Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Elliott" title="Emory Elliott">Emory Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Galeano" title="Eduardo Galeano">Eduardo Galeano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chin" title="Frank Chin">Frank Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Louis Gates">Henry Louis Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Allende" title="Isabel Allende">Isabel Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._California_Cooper" title="J. California Cooper">J. California Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Stone_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer Stone (writer) (page does not exist)">Jennifer Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Gattuso_Hendin" title="Josephine Gattuso Hendin">Josephine Gattuso Hendin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Scalapino" title="Leslie Scalapino">Leslie Scalapino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuntaro_Tanikawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuntaro Tanikawa">Shuntaro Tanikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fanning" title="Charles Fanning">Charles Fanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Minoru_Hohri" class="mw-redirect" title="William Minoru Hohri">William Minoru Hohri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Kennedy" title="Adrienne Kennedy">Adrienne Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Grizzuti_Harrison" title="Barbara Grizzuti Harrison">Barbara Grizzuti Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniela_Gioseffi" title="Daniela Gioseffi">Daniela Gioseffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woody" title="Elizabeth Woody">Elizabeth Woody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualing_Nieh_Engle" title="Hualing Nieh Engle">Hualing Nieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itabari_Njeri" title="Itabari Njeri">Itabari Njeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Freeman" title="James M. Freeman">James M. Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Walter" title="John C. Walter">John C. Walter</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Raymond_Jones" title="J. Raymond Jones">J. Raymond Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Norton_(author)" title="John Norton (author)">John Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Emilio_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="José Emilio González">José Emilio González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Kan" title="Sergei Kan">Sergei Kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_A._Thompson" title="Lloyd A. Thompson">Lloyd A. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bernal" title="Martin Bernal">Martin Bernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_T._Clinton" title="Michelle T. Clinton">Michelle T. Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sesshu_Foster" title="Sesshu Foster">Sesshu Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Gunn_Allen" title="Paula Gunn Allen">Paula Gunn Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Geok-lin_Lim" title="Shirley Geok-lin Lim">Shirley Geok-lin Lim</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayumi_Tsutakawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayumi Tsutakawa (page does not exist)">Mayumi Tsutakawa</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margarita_Donnelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margarita Donnelly (page does not exist)">Margarita Donnelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Murgu%C3%ADa" title="Alejandro Murguía">Alejandro Murguía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">bell hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Wright" title="Bruce M. Wright">Bruce Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Trujillo" title="Charley Trujillo">Charley Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._H._Melhem" title="D. H. Melhem">D. H. Melhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Keenan" title="Deborah Keenan">Deborah Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Hagedorn" title="Jessica Hagedorn">Jessica Hagedorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edgar_Wideman" title="John Edgar Wideman">John Edgar Wideman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Tei_Yamashita" title="Karen Tei Yamashita">Karen Tei Yamashita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Berlin" title="Lucia Berlin">Lucia Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Crow_Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Crow Dog">Mary Crow Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridel_Le_Sueur" title="Meridel Le Sueur">Meridel Le Sueur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mill_Hunk_Herald_Collective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mill Hunk Herald Collective (page does not exist)">Mill Hunk Herald Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Marks_Dauenhauer" title="Nora Marks Dauenhauer">Nora Marks Dauenhauer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dauenhauer" title="Richard Dauenhauer">Richard Dauenhauer</a></li> <li>R. Baxter Miller</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Centolella" title="Thomas Centolella">Thomas Centolella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%27Lelia_Bundles" title="A'Lelia Bundles">A'Lelia Perry Bundles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Alire_S%C3%A1enz" title="Benjamin Alire Sáenz">Benjamin Alire Sáenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_J._Haraway" class="mw-redirect" title="Donna J. Haraway">Donna J. Haraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritjof_Capra" title="Fritjof Capra">Fritjof Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Burciaga" title="José Antonio Burciaga">José Antonio Burciaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Gilyard" title="Keith Gilyard">Keith Gilyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Thompson" title="Lucy Thompson">Lucy Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_Field" title="Norma Field">Norma Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bacho" title="Peter Bacho">Peter Bacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kalifornsky" title="Peter Kalifornsky">Peter Kalifornsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Andrews" title="Raymond Andrews">Raymond Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Scofield" title="Sandra Scofield">Sandra Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Hamanaka" title="Sheila Hamanaka">Sheila Hamanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Klinkenborg" title="Verlyn Klinkenborg">Verlyn Klinkenborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Branch" title="William B. Branch">William B. Branch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Amiri_Baraka" title="Amiri Baraka">Amiri Baraka</a> / <a href="/wiki/August_Wilson" title="August Wilson">August Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asake_Bomani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asake Bomani (page does not exist)">Asake Bomani</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belvie_Rooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belvie Rooks (page does not exist)">Belvie Rooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Mogil" title="Christopher Mogil">Christopher Mogil</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Woodrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Woodrow (page does not exist)">Peter Woodrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Giardina" title="Denise Giardina">Denise Giardina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Glancy" title="Diane Glancy">Diane Glancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_B._Redmond" title="Eugene B. Redmond">Eugene B. Redmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_X._Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Francisco X. Alarcón">Francisco X. Alarcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Graff" title="Gerald Graff">Gerald Graff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Beatty" title="Jack Beatty">Jack Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leroy_V._Quintana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leroy V. Quintana (page does not exist)">Leroy V. Quintana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Peter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Peter (page does not exist)">Katherine Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_George" title="Nelson George">Nelson George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninotchka_Rosca" title="Ninotchka Rosca">Ninotchka Rosca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giose_Rimanelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giose Rimanelli (page does not exist)">Giose Rimanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Drooker" title="Eric Drooker">Eric Drooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graciela_Lim%C3%B3n" title="Graciela Limón">Graciela Limón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_J._Reed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory J. Reed (page does not exist)">Gregory J. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Campbell_Hale" title="Janet Campbell Hale">Janet Campbell Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Nelson" title="Jill Nelson">Jill Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawson_Fusao_Inada" title="Lawson Fusao Inada">Lawson Fusao Inada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Blackman" title="Nicole Blackman">Nicole Blackman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gilroy" title="Paul Gilroy">Paul Gilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Takaki" title="Ronald Takaki">Ronald Takaki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_L._Glickman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose L. Glickman (page does not exist)">Rose L. Glickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tino_Villanueva" title="Tino Villanueva">Tino Villanueva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_L._Kroll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia L. Kroll (page does not exist)">Virginia L. Kroll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Rodriguez_(novelist)" title="Abraham Rodriguez (novelist)">Abraham Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Boyd" title="Herb Boyd">Herb Boyd</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Allen" title="Robert L. Allen">Robert L. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Chavez" class="mw-redirect" title="Denise Chavez">Denise Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Egerton_(journalist)" title="John Egerton (journalist)">John Egerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(activist)" title="John Ross (activist)">John Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Avena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Avena (page does not exist)">Thomas Avena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda Raymond (page does not exist)">Linda Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li-Young_Lee" title="Li-Young Lee">Li-Young Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marianna_De_Marco_Torgovnick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marianna De Marco Torgovnick (page does not exist)">Marianna De Marco Torgovnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marnie_Mueller" title="Marnie Mueller">Marnie Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Quinn_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Quinn (author) (page does not exist)">Peter Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandra_Martz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandra Martz (page does not exist)">Sandra Martz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Henry_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Henry Jr.">Gordon Henry Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricia_Rose" title="Tricia Rose">Tricia Rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate_Nesaule" title="Agate Nesaule">Agate Nesaule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sze" title="Arthur Sze">Arthur Sze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang-Rae_Lee" title="Chang-Rae Lee">Chang-Rae Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitra_Banerjee_Divakaruni" title="Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni">Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.J._Miller_Laino" class="mw-redirect" title="E.J. Miller Laino">E.J. Miller Laino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_C._Loury" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn C. Loury">Glenn C. Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Loewen" title="James W. Loewen">James W. Loewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco" title="Joe Sacco">Joe Sacco</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimiko_Hahn" title="Kimiko Hahn">Kimiko Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Espinosa" title="Maria Espinosa">Maria Espinosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Viscusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Viscusi (page does not exist)">Robert Viscusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Alexie" title="Sherman Alexie">Sherman Alexie</a></li> <li>Ron Sakolsky / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Weihan_Ho" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Weihan Ho">Fred Weihan Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanie_Cowell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephanie Cowell (page does not exist)">Stephanie Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gass" title="William H. Gass">William H. Gass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alurista" title="Alurista">Alurista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Bell" title="Derrick Bell">Derrick Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Barresi" title="Dorothy Barresi">Dorothy Barresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_G%C3%B3mez-Pe%C3%B1a" title="Guillermo Gómez-Peña">Guillermo Gómez-Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Owens" title="Louis Owens">Louis Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Espada" title="Martín Espada">Martín Espada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montserrat_Fontes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montserrat Fontes (page does not exist)">Montserrat Fontes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Ignatiev" title="Noel Ignatiev">Noel Ignatiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Geok-lin_Lim" title="Shirley Geok-lin Lim">Shirley Geok-lin Lim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunaina_Maira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunaina Maira (page does not exist)">Sunaina Maira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thulani_Davis" title="Thulani Davis">Thulani Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_De_Haven" title="Tom De Haven">Tom De Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._Banks_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Banks (author) (page does not exist)">William M. Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenda_Knight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenda Knight (page does not exist)">Brenda Knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Adelle_Hedge_Coke" class="mw-redirect" title="Allison Adelle Hedge Coke">Allison Adelle Hedge Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Y._Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Y. Davis">Angela Y. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Marie_Osbey" title="Brenda Marie Osbey">Brenda Marie Osbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Barnes_(writer)" title="Jim Barnes (writer)">Jim Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Williams" title="John A. Williams">John A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Rawles" title="Nancy Rawles">Nancy Rawles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Okja_Keller" title="Nora Okja Keller">Nora Okja Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Benitez" title="Sandra Benitez">Sandra Benitez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_DeVeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott DeVeaux (page does not exist)">Scott DeVeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_(poet)" title="Thomas Lynch (poet)">Thomas Lynch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_McDermott" title="Alice McDermott">Alice McDermott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Linzer" title="Anna Linzer">Anna Linzer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Ward_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Ward (author) (page does not exist)">Brian Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiori_Santiago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiori Santiago (page does not exist)">Chiori Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Donald_Two-Rivers" title="E. Donald Two-Rivers">E. Donald Two-Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwidge_Danticat" title="Edwidge Danticat">Edwidge Danticat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Roche" title="Judith Roche">Judith Roche</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meg_McHutchison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meg McHutchison (page does not exist)">Meg McHutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gioia_Timpanelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gioia Timpanelli (page does not exist)">Gioia Timpanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Naylor" title="Gloria Naylor">Gloria Naylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Houston" title="James D. Houston">James D. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Lipka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry Lipka (page does not exist)">Jerry Lipka</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_V._Mohatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald V. Mohatt (page does not exist)">Gerald V. Mohatt</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciulistet_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciulistet Group (page does not exist)">Ciulistet Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Ellis" title="Trey Ellis">Trey Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Novakovich" title="Josip Novakovich">Josip Novakovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauro_Flores" class="mw-redirect" title="Lauro Flores">Lauro Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Alberto_Urrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Luís Alberto Urrea">Luís Alberto Urrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_George" title="Nelson George">Nelson George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speer_Morgan" title="Speer Morgan">Speer Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Gach" title="Gary Gach">Gary Gach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiori_Santiago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiori Santiago (page does not exist)">Chiori Santiago</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judith_Lowry" title="Judith Lowry">Judith Lowry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output 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portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/19px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png" 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data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Education</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160456#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160456#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160456#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110323039">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108895419">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1427247/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvCKKYKF9hd3m4K7TjjYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11852402X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50035485">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11898827q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11898827q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00437336">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Davis, Angela Y."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV035265">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35033804">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20031014035&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1246979">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1560413">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068905327">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/4031442">Norway</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90080757">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=65778">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC202268411">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/vs69j3kd0r3njtc">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810571086705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007271643505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058516060406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14227494">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01297029?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/f7f214e2-7783-40d0-a253-9e4141669722">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/806356">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11852402X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11852402X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026814056">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10581645">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ms3wf2">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/41020294">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&oldid=1258872910">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angela_Davis&oldid=1258872910</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Angela_Davis" title="Category:Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1944_births" title="Category:1944 births">1944 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_United_States_vice-presidential_candidates" title="Category:1980 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