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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="موارد النظام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موارد النظام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A9mov%C3%BD_zdroj" title="Systémový zdroj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Systémový zdroj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betriebsmittel_(Informatik)" title="Betriebsmittel (Informatik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Betriebsmittel (Informatik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursos_computacionales" title="Recursos computacionales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Recursos computacionales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85" title="منبع سیستم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منبع سیستم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ressource_(informatique)" title="Ressource (informatique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ressource (informatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C_%EB%A6%AC%EC%86%8C%EC%8A%A4" title="시스템 리소스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시스템 리소스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunski_resurs" title="Računski resurs – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Računski resurs" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risorsa_di_sistema" title="Risorsa di sistema – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Risorsa di sistema" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA" title="משאב מערכת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משאב מערכת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasilimali_(tarakilishi)" title="Rasilimali (tarakilishi) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rasilimali (tarakilishi)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompiuteriniai_i%C5%A1tekliai" title="Kompiuteriniai ištekliai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kompiuteriniai ištekliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D3%A9%D3%A9%D1%86" title="Системийн нөөц – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Системийн нөөц" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemressurs" title="Systemressurs – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Systemressurs" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaynak_(bilgisayar)" title="Kaynak (bilgisayar) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaynak (bilgisayar)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Обчислювальні ресурси – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Обчислювальні ресурси" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90" title="系統資源 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="系統資源" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Any component of a computer system with limited availability, physical or virtual</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Computational_resource" title="Computational resource">Computational resource</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Resource_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Resource (disambiguation)">Resource (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/System_resource" title="Special:EditPage/System resource">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22System+resource%22">"System resource"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22System+resource%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22System+resource%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22System+resource%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22System+resource%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22System+resource%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, a <b>system resource</b>, or simply <b>resource</b>, is any <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">physical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">virtual</a> component of limited availability that is accessible to a <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>. All connected devices and internal system components are resources. Virtual system resources include <a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">files</a> (concretely <a href="/wiki/File_handle" class="mw-redirect" title="File handle">file handles</a>), <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">network</a> connections (concretely <a href="/wiki/Network_socket" title="Network socket">network sockets</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Computer_memory" title="Computer memory">memory</a> areas. </p><p>Managing resources is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Resource_management_(computing)" title="Resource management (computing)">resource management</a>, and includes both preventing <a href="/wiki/Resource_leak" title="Resource leak">resource leaks</a> (not releasing a resource when a process has finished using it) and dealing with <a href="/wiki/Resource_contention" title="Resource contention">resource contention</a> (when multiple processes wish to access a limited resource). Computing resources are used in <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> to provide services through networks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_resource_types">Major resource types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_resource&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Major resource types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interrupt_request_(PC_architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interrupt request (PC architecture)">Interrupt request</a> (IRQ) lines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_memory_access" title="Direct memory access">Direct memory access</a> (DMA) channels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-mapped_I/O" class="mw-redirect" title="Port-mapped I/O">Port-mapped I/O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory-mapped_I/O" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory-mapped I/O">Memory-mapped I/O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_(computer_science)" title="Lock (computer science)">Locks</a></li> <li>External <a href="/wiki/Peripheral" title="Peripheral">devices</a></li> <li>External memory or objects, such as memory managed in native code, from Java; or objects in the <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a> (DOM), from <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_resources">General resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_resource&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a>, both time on a single CPU and use of multiple CPUs – see <a href="/wiki/Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">multitasking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">Random-access memory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">virtual memory</a> – see <a href="/wiki/Memory_management" title="Memory management">memory management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disk">Hard disk</a> drives, include space generally, contiguous free space (such as for swap space), and use of multiple physical devices ("spindles"), since using multiple devices allows parallelism</li> <li>Cache space, including <a href="/wiki/CPU_cache" title="CPU cache">CPU cache</a> and MMU cache (<a href="/wiki/Translation_lookaside_buffer" title="Translation lookaside buffer">translation lookaside buffer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer networking">Network</a> throughput</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_management" title="Power management">Electrical power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Input/output" title="Input/output">Input/output</a> operations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randomness" title="Randomness">Randomness</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categories">Categories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_resource&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some resources, notably memory and storage space, have a notion of "location", and one can distinguish <i>contiguous</i> allocations from <i>non-contiguous</i> allocations. For example, allocating 1 GB of memory in a single block, versus allocating it in 1,024 blocks each of size 1 MB. The latter is known as <a href="/wiki/Fragmentation_(computing)" title="Fragmentation (computing)">fragmentation</a>, and often severely impacts performance, so <i>contiguous</i> free space is a subcategory of the general resource of storage space. </p><p>One can also distinguish <i>compressible</i> resources from <i>incompressible</i> resources.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compressible resources, generally throughput ones such as CPU and network bandwidth, can be throttled benignly: the user will be slowed proportionally to the throttling, but will otherwise proceed normally. Other resources, generally storage ones such as memory, cannot be throttled without either causing failure (if a process cannot allocate enough memory, it typically cannot run) or severe performance degradation, such as due to <a href="/wiki/Thrashing_(computer_science)" title="Thrashing (computer science)">thrashing</a> (if a working set does not fit into memory and requires frequent paging, progress will slow significantly). The distinction is not always sharp; as mentioned, a paging system can allow main memory (primary storage) to be compressed (by paging to hard drive (secondary storage)), and some systems allow <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discardable_memory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discardable memory (page does not exist)">discardable memory</a> for caches, which is compressible without disastrous performance impact. Electrical power is to some degree compressible: without power (or without sufficient voltage) an electrical device cannot run, and will stop or crash, but some devices, notably mobile phones, can allow degraded operation at reduced power consumption, or can allow the device to be suspended but not terminated, with much lower power consumption. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_resource&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computational_resource" title="Computational resource">Computational resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_scheduling_method" title="Linear scheduling method">Linear scheduling method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_step_algorithm" title="Sequence step algorithm">Sequence step algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_monitor" title="System monitor">System monitor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_resource&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/release-1.5/docs/design/resources.md">The Kubernetes resource model</a>: "Some resources, such as CPU and network bandwidth, are compressible, meaning that their usage can potentially be throttled in a relatively benign manner."</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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