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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Neapolitan priest and theologian</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Lorenzo Scupoli</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">CR</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurentius_Scupulus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Laurentius_Scupulus.jpg/220px-Laurentius_Scupulus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Laurentius_Scupulus.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="504" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Image of Lorenzo Scupoli, from an 1810 French translation of <i>The Spiritual Combat</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Francesco Scupoli</div><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1530</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Otranto" title="Otranto">Otranto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 November 1610<span style="display:none">(1610-11-26)</span> (aged 79–80)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Francesco Scupoli</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">CR</a></span> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1530</span> – 26 November 1610),<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> better known by his <a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">religious name</a> <b>Lorenzo Scupoli</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Neapolitan</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest, most notable for his authorship of <i>The Spiritual Combat</i> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Il combattimento spirituale</i>), an important work in 16th century <a href="/wiki/Catholic_spirituality" title="Catholic spirituality">Catholic spirituality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Scupoli&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scupoli was born in <a href="/wiki/Otranto" title="Otranto">Otranto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> around 1530.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1569, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a>, officially beginning his <a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">novitiate</a> on 1 January 1570. Sometime between 1572 and 1573, he was made a <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> and on 25 December 1577 he was ordained as a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic priest">priest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma_and_Piacenza" title="Duchy of Parma and Piacenza">Duchy of Parma and Piacenza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Soldat_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soldat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scupoli travelled to <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> in 1578 to participate in a diocesan reform<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later began ministering, caring for patients of <a href="/wiki/Second_plague_pandemic#Italian_Peninsula" title="Second plague pandemic">the Plague</a> around 1581.<sup id="cite_ref-Soldat_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soldat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For reasons that are still unclear, in 1581, Scupoli was accused of an "atrocious crime"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and removed from the priesthood sometime prior to 1585 and sentenced to one year in prison in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Soldat_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soldat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 47–48">: 47–48 </span></sup> His sentence was reviewed and upheld three years later in 1588. </p><p>Scupoli moved to <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> in 1589, where he published <i>The Spiritual Combat</i>. Between 1589 and 1591, he made several trips to <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>, where he likely encountered his most well-known admirer, <a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a>. In 1599, while still in Venice, he published a treatise — <i>The Way of Consolation and Helping the Sick to Die Well</i> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Modo di consolare e aiutare gli infermi a ben morire</i>) — and later was invited back to Naples. Ultimately, his sentence was relieved in April 1610 and he was able to resume his priestly duties, allowing him to "be able to say <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Mass">Mass</a>, notwithstanding the time he has left for the sentence of his condemnation."<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scupoli died on 26 November 1610 in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Spiritual_Combat"><i>The Spiritual Combat</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Scupoli&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Spiritual Combat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Il_combattimento_spirituale.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Il_combattimento_spirituale.png/200px-Il_combattimento_spirituale.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Il_combattimento_spirituale.png/300px-Il_combattimento_spirituale.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Il_combattimento_spirituale.png/400px-Il_combattimento_spirituale.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption>Scupoli (bottom right) depicted in a copy of <i>The Spiritual Combat</i></figcaption></figure> <p>While living in <a href="/wiki/Venice,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice, Italy">Venice</a>, Scupoli published the first edition of <i>The Spiritual Combat</i> in 1589.<sup id="cite_ref-Soldat_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soldat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 47">: 47 </span></sup> It was written as a practical manual for spiritual living. At first, it teaches that the sense of life is incessant fighting against <a href="/wiki/Egotism" title="Egotism">egoistic</a> longings and replacing them with sacrifice and <a href="/wiki/Charity_(virtue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity (virtue)">charity</a>. The one who does not do this loses, and suffers in <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>; the one who does it, trusting not in his own, but <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a>'s power, triumphs and is happy in Heaven. Scupoli analyses various usual situations and advises how to cope with them, preserving a pure conscience and improving virtue. It emphasizes also the <a href="/wiki/Omnibenevolence" title="Omnibenevolence">boundless goodness of God</a>, which is the cause of all good; what is bad originates from the human who rebels against God. </p><p>The book was immediately popular, being republished nearly 60 times during Scupoli's lifetime and was translated into dozens of languages, including <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> within ten years of its original publication.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the book's popularity, Scupoli originally published it anonymously, attributing the authorship only to a "servant of God", leading to several false attributions. It was not until after his death in 1610 that the book's true authorship was revealed in a 1610 Bolognese edition. <i>The Spiritual Combat</i> was held in extremely high regard both during Scupoli's lifetime and for several centuries after. <a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a> reportedly kept it as a pocketbook.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scupoli's original book is highly condensed, and assumes the reader has a certain moral and theological outlook. So a commentary may help modern readers benefit from the work.<sup id="cite_ref-revisit_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revisit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Nicodemus_the_Hagiorite" title="Nicodemus the Hagiorite">Nicodemus the Hagiorite</a> translated the book to Greek, adapting it for the benefit of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">orthodox</a> readers, and merging it with Scupoli's shorter <i>Path to Paradise</i>. This new version was published as <i>Unseen Warfare</i>. In the 19th century, the work was further revised by Russian monk <a href="/wiki/Theophan_the_Recluse" title="Theophan the Recluse">Theophan the Recluse</a>, and was again published as <i>Unseen Warfare</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Scupoli&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Scupoli&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">un atroce delitto</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">poter dire la messa, non ostante il tempo che gli resta per la sentenza della sua condennatione</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The book was translated into <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish language">Flemish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> during the 17th century; and <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> in the 18th century. It was later translated into <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Greek language">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>. To date, there are over 600 published editions.<sup id="cite_ref-Soldat_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soldat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Scupoli&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Treccani-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Treccani_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treccani_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treccani_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treccani_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treccani_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treccani_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treccani_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treccani_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVanni2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vanni, Andrea (2018). <i>Dizionario Biografico delgi Italiani</i> [<i>Biographical Dictionary of Italians</i>] (in Italian). Vol. 91. Instituto Treccani. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788812000326" title="Special:BookSources/9788812000326"><bdi>9788812000326</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/883370">883370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dizionario+Biografico+delgi+Italiani&rft.pub=Instituto+Treccani&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F883370&rft.isbn=9788812000326&rft.aulast=Vanni&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALorenzo+Scupoli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soldat-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Soldat_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soldat_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soldat_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soldat_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soldat_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWodianka2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wodianka, Stephanie (February 24, 2015). "Soldat und Honigbiene. Zum Devianzpotential geistlicher Übung bei Lorenzo Scupoli und François de Sales". In Al-Taie, Yvonne; Auerochs, Bernd; Horatschek, Anna-Margaretha (eds.). <i>Kollision und Devianz</i> [<i>Soldier and Honeybee: On the Deviance Potential of Spiritual Practice according to Lorenzo Scupoli and Francis de Sales</i>] (in German). De Gruyter Oldenbourg. pp. 47–62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110364866" title="Special:BookSources/9783110364866"><bdi>9783110364866</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Soldat+und+Honigbiene.+Zum+Devianzpotential+geistlicher+%C3%9Cbung+bei+Lorenzo+Scupoli+und+Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Sales&rft.btitle=Kollision+und+Devianz&rft.pages=47-62&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Oldenbourg&rft.date=2015-02-24&rft.isbn=9783110364866&rft.aulast=Wodianka&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALorenzo+Scupoli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-revisit-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-revisit_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2003" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, Jonathan (2003). <i>Spiritual Combat Revisited</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Press" title="Ignatius Press">Ignatius</a>. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780898709308" title="Special:BookSources/9780898709308"><bdi>9780898709308</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spiritual+Combat+Revisited&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Ignatius&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780898709308&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALorenzo+Scupoli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43704071">"Review of <i>Unseen Warfare,</i> being <i>the Spiritual Combat</i> and <i>Path to Paradise</i> of Lorenzo Scupoli by Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain, Theophan the Recluse, E. Kadloubovsky, G. E. H. Palmer, H. A. Hodges</a>, by Donald Attwater, <i>Life of the Spirit</i> (1946-1964), vol. 7, no. 73, 1952, pp. 32-34. JSTOR, Accessed 29 December 2023</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Scupoli&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lorenzo_Scupoli" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lorenzo Scupoli">Lorenzo Scupoli</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Spiritual_Combat" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The Spiritual Combat">The Spiritual Combat</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanni2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vanni, Andrea (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francesco-scupoli_(Dizionario-Biografico)">"SCUPOLI, Francesco"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dizionario_Biografico_degli_Italiani" title="Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani">Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani</a>, Volume 91: Savoia–Semeria</i> (in Italian). Rome: <a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-81200032-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-81200032-6"><bdi>978-8-81200032-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=SCUPOLI%2C+Francesco&rft.btitle=Dizionario+Biografico+degli+Italiani%2C+Volume+91%3A+Savoia%E2%80%93Semeria&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Istituto+dell%27Enciclopedia+Italiana&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-8-81200032-6&rft.aulast=Vanni&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Ffrancesco-scupoli_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALorenzo+Scupoli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monasterovirtuale.it/home/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=630&Itemid=603"><i>The Spiritual Combat</i> in the original language</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholictradition.org/Classics/combat.htm"><i>The Spiritual Combat</i></a> in English</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://livres-mystiques.com/partieTEXTES/Scupoli/LeCombat.html"><i>The Spiritual Combat</i></a> in French</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/14148">Works by Lorenzo Scupoli</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110221323">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/19719383">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/155414/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfcMFDVmypHgYT8mW6tKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/123377145">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85115812">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121719343">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121719343">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00552028">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Scupoli, Lorenzo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CUBV144230">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2004213859&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1185313">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/717575">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069805768">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000095741&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=85956">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200703921">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810544292205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/99042">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058617543106706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14630253">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12233232?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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