CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>   <html lang="en-GB" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#" class="no-js"> <head><script data-no-optimize="1">var litespeed_docref=sessionStorage.getItem("litespeed_docref");litespeed_docref&&(Object.defineProperty(document,"referrer",{get:function(){return litespeed_docref}}),sessionStorage.removeItem("litespeed_docref"));</script> <meta charset="UTF-8" /><style id="litespeed-ccss">ul{box-sizing:border-box}.wp-block-social-links{background:0 0;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:0;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;text-indent:0}.wp-block-social-links .wp-social-link a{border-bottom:0;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none}.wp-block-social-links .wp-social-link a{padding:.25em}.wp-block-social-links .wp-social-link svg{height:1em;width:1em}.wp-block-social-links{font-size:24px}.wp-block-social-link{border-radius:9999px;display:block;height:auto}.wp-block-social-link a{align-items:center;display:flex;line-height:0}.wp-block-social-links .wp-block-social-link .wp-block-social-link-anchor,.wp-block-social-links .wp-block-social-link .wp-block-social-link-anchor svg,.wp-block-social-links .wp-block-social-link .wp-block-social-link-anchor:visited{fill:currentColor;color:currentColor}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link{background-color:#f0f0f0;color:#444}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-instagram{background-color:#f00075;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-mastodon{background-color:#3288d4;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-twitter{background-color:#1da1f2;color:#fff}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.aligncenter{clear:both}.screen-reader-text{clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}body{--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255,255,255,1),6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,1)}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}body .is-layout-flex>*{margin:0}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root{--viewer-primary-color:#343434;--viewer-icons-color:#f2f2f6;--viewer-icons-hover-bgcolor:#453838}}@media (prefers-color-scheme:light){:root{--viewer-primary-color:#f2f2f6;--viewer-icons-color:#343434;--viewer-icons-hover-bgcolor:#e5e1e9}}:root{--plyr-control-icon-size:15px;--plyr-range-track-height:3px;--plyr-range-thumb-height:10px}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box}html{font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-overflow-style:scrollbar}@-ms-viewport{width:device-width}article,aside,footer,header,nav,section{display:block}body{margin:0;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;text-align:left;background-color:#fff}hr{box-sizing:content-box;height:0;overflow:visible}h1,h2,h3{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5rem}p{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1rem}ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1rem}ul ul{margin-bottom:0}strong{font-weight:bolder}a{color:#007bff;text-decoration:none;background-color:transparent;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:objects}img{vertical-align:middle;border-style:none}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}label{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:.5rem}button{border-radius:0}button,input{margin:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}button,input{overflow:visible}button{text-transform:none}[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}[type=submit]::-moz-focus-inner,button::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border-style:none}[type=search]{outline-offset:-2px;-webkit-appearance:none}[type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-file-upload-button{font:inherit;-webkit-appearance:button}.container{width:100%;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:576px){.container{max-width:540px}}@media (min-width:768px){.container{max-width:720px}}@media (min-width:992px){.container{max-width:960px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1140px}}.row{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}.col,.col-12,.col-auto,.col-lg-4,.col-lg-auto,.col-md-3,.col-md-6,.col-md-9,.col-xl-4{position:relative;width:100%;min-height:1px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px}.col{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-auto{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;max-width:none}.col-12{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}@media (min-width:768px){.col-md-3{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-md-6{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-md-9{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}}@media (min-width:992px){.col-lg-auto{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;max-width:none}.col-lg-4{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}}@media (min-width:1200px){.col-xl-4{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}}.nav{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.clearfix:after{display:block;clear:both;content:""}.d-none{display:none!important}.d-flex{display:-webkit-box!important;display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important}@media (min-width:992px){.d-lg-none{display:none!important}.d-lg-block{display:block!important}}.flex-row{-webkit-box-orient:horizontal!important;-webkit-box-direction:normal!important;-ms-flex-direction:row!important;flex-direction:row!important}.flex-column{-webkit-box-orient:vertical!important;-webkit-box-direction:normal!important;-ms-flex-direction:column!important;flex-direction:column!important}.flex-nowrap{-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap!important;flex-wrap:nowrap!important}.justify-content-end{-webkit-box-pack:end!important;-ms-flex-pack:end!important;justify-content:flex-end!important}.justify-content-between{-webkit-box-pack:justify!important;-ms-flex-pack:justify!important;justify-content:space-between!important}.align-items-center{-webkit-box-align:center!important;-ms-flex-align:center!important;align-items:center!important}.align-self-start{-ms-flex-item-align:start!important;align-self:flex-start!important}@media (min-width:992px){.flex-lg-row{-webkit-box-orient:horizontal!important;-webkit-box-direction:normal!important;-ms-flex-direction:row!important;flex-direction:row!important}.flex-lg-column{-webkit-box-orient:vertical!important;-webkit-box-direction:normal!important;-ms-flex-direction:column!important;flex-direction:column!important}.justify-content-lg-around{-ms-flex-pack:distribute!important;justify-content:space-around!important}}body{font-family:"Source Sans Pro",Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.55;font-size:.9375em;color:#333}h1{font-size:2.48832em}h2{font-size:2.0736em}h3{font-size:1.6em}h1,h2,h3{font-weight:400;color:#303133;line-height:1.25em}h1,h2,h3,p{margin-top:1.25em}.entry-footer .post-info{font-size:.75em}.entry-header .post-info,.entry-header .tax__container,.grid-container__classic .tc-content,form.czr-form.search-form button[type=submit],label{font-size:.833333em}.nav__menu,.page-breadcrumbs,.sidebar{font-size:.95em}.entry-footer .post-info a,.tax__container a{font-weight:500}.nav__menu{font-weight:600}label,strong{font-weight:700}.archive-header .header-bottom,.btn,.entry-footer,.entry-header .post-info,.tax__container a,button[type=submit],input[type=submit]{font-family:sans-serif;letter-spacing:1px}.nav__menu,.sidebar .widget-title,.tax__container a,button[type=submit],form.czr-form label,input[type=submit]{text-transform:uppercase}.nav__menu{letter-spacing:1px}.sidebar .widget-title,.tax__container a,label{letter-spacing:2px}@media (min-width:768px){.text-md-right{text-align:right!important}}[class*=" icn-"]:before,[class^=icn-]:before{content:'';font-family:customizr;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;speak:none;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;text-decoration:inherit;width:1em;margin-right:.2em;text-align:center;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;line-height:1em;margin-left:.2em;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.icn-search:before{content:'\e802'}.icn-up-small:before{content:'\e810'}.branding__container,.branding__container .branding,.branding__container .mobile-utils__wrapper,.nav__utils,.nav__utils li{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.czr-talign{-webkit-transform:translate(0,-50%);transform:translate(0,-50%);top:50%;position:absolute}[class*=czr__r-w]{position:relative;display:block;padding:0;overflow:hidden}[class*=czr__r-w]:before{display:block;content:""}[class*=czr__r-w] .czr__r-i{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}.czr__r-wGR:before{padding-top:61.803398%}.grid-container__classic:not(.tc-gc) .entry-summary{mask-image:linear-gradient(to top,#000 70%,rgba(0,0,0,0) 100%);-webkit-mask-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(to top,#000 70%,rgba(0,0,0,0) 100%)}.screen-reader-text,.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.screen-reader-text.skip-link{background-color:#f1f1f1;box-shadow:0 0 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.6);color:#21759b;font-weight:700;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;height:auto;width:auto}.czr-collapse{display:none}body,html{padding:0;margin:0;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{text-align:inherit}img{max-width:100%;height:auto}a{text-decoration:none;color:#5a5a5a}a img{border:none}h1,h2,h3{text-rendering:optimizelegibility}ul{list-style:none}ul li{line-height:1.55em}ul{margin:0;padding:0}hr{display:block;height:1px;border:0;border-top:1px solid #eceeef;margin:3.2em 0;padding:0}strong{font-weight:700}.aligncenter{clear:both;display:block;margin:0 auto 1.75em}p{word-wrap:break-word}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before{content:"";display:table}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.header-skin-light .ham__toggler-span-wrapper .line{background:#313131}.header-skin-light .tc-header{color:#313131;background:#fff}.header-skin-light .tc-header{border-bottom-color:rgba(49,49,49,.09)}.header-skin-light .nav__utils a{color:#313131}.header-skin-light .dropdown-menu{background:#fff}.header-skin-light .dropdown-menu{color:#313131}.header-skin-light .navbar-brand-sitename{color:#313131}.header-skin-light .header-tagline{color:#777}.header-skin-light [class*=nav__menu] .nav__link{color:#313131}.header-skin-light [class*=nav__menu] .nav__title:before{background-color:#313131}.header-skin-light .header-search__container,.header-skin-light .mobile-nav__container,.header-skin-light .mobile-nav__nav,.header-skin-light .vertical-nav>li:not(:last-of-type){border-color:rgba(49,49,49,.075)}.header-skin-light .tc-header .czr-form label{color:#313131}.header-skin-light .tc-header .czr-form .form-control,.header-skin-light .tc-header .czr-form input:not([type=submit]):not([type=button]):not([type=number]):not([type=checkbox]):not([type=radio]){color:#313131;border-color:#313131}.tc-header:not(.header-transparent){box-shadow:0 2px 2px rgba(102,102,102,.08)}.header-search__container,.mobile-nav__container,.mobile-nav__nav,.tc-header,.vertical-nav>li:not(:last-of-type){border-bottom:1px solid}.mobile-nav__nav{border-top:1px solid;backface-visibility:hidden}.mobile-nav__container,.mobile-nav__nav,.mobile-navbar__wrapper,.primary-navbar__wrapper{background:inherit}.czr-link-hover-underline [class*=nav__menu] .nav__title{position:relative}.czr-link-hover-underline [class*=nav__menu] .nav__title:before{content:"";position:absolute;width:100%;height:2px;bottom:1px;left:0;visibility:hidden;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0) scaleX(0);transform:translate3d(0,0,0) scaleX(0)}.nav__menu .menu-item{margin:0 6.25px;padding:0}.nav__menu .menu-item .nav__link{overflow:hidden;padding:0 6.25px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.nav__menu .menu-item .nav__link .nav__title{padding:10px 0 5px;margin-bottom:5px}.regular-nav.nav__menu{margin:0 -12.5px}.czr-dropdown{position:relative}.czr-dropdown-menu{position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;z-index:1000;float:left;min-width:10rem;list-style:none;display:none;max-width:50vw;left:0;text-align:left}.dropdown-menu.czr-dropdown-menu{border-radius:0;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:inherit}.regular-nav .dropdown-menu.czr-dropdown-menu{box-shadow:1px 2px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.15)}.ham-toggler-menu,.search-toggle_btn{padding:1.25em 15px;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;display:block;height:auto;position:relative}@media (max-width:767px){.mobile-navbar__wrapper .ham-toggler-menu,.mobile-navbar__wrapper .search-toggle_btn{padding:1.25em 10px}}.ham-toggler-menu{-webkit-appearance:none;background:0 0;border:none}.ham__toggler-span-wrapper{height:12px;position:relative;width:20px;display:block}.ham__toggler-span-wrapper .line{display:block;width:20px;height:1.4px;position:absolute;-webkit-border-radius:5px;-webkit-background-clip:padding-box;-moz-border-radius:5px;-moz-background-clip:padding;border-radius:5px;background-clip:padding-box;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden}.ham__toggler-span-wrapper .line.line-1{top:0}.ham__toggler-span-wrapper .line.line-2{top:50%}.ham__toggler-span-wrapper .line.line-3{top:100%}.nav__search .czr-dropdown-menu{width:100%;margin:0;max-width:none}.czr-search-expand{display:none;background:#fff;position:absolute;z-index:100;top:49px;width:340px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1);box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1)}.czr-search-expand .czr-search-expand-inner{border:1px solid #eee;box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.15);padding:15px}.czr-search-expand .czr-search-expand-inner .form-group{margin:0}.czr-search-expand .czr-search-expand-inner .form-group .czr-search-field{outline:0!important;color:#313131!important;border-color:#313131!important}@media (max-width:992px){.czr-search-expand{display:none!important}}.vertical-nav.mobile-nav__menu{margin:0 -12.5px}.primary-navbar__wrapper .branding__container.col{max-width:85%;width:auto}.primary-navbar__wrapper.has-horizontal-menu .branding__container{max-width:33%}.primary-navbar__wrapper.has-branding-aside .branding__container{max-width:60%}.mobile-navbar__wrapper .branding__container{position:static}.branding{padding-top:.425em;padding-bottom:.425em;overflow:hidden}.branding .col-auto{max-width:100%;padding-right:0;padding-left:0;flex-shrink:1}.branding .navbar-brand-sitename span{display:block;white-space:normal}.branding .navbar-brand{font-size:2.4em;line-height:1.5em;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;padding-top:.25rem;padding-bottom:.25rem;white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%;height:auto;color:#313131}.navbar-brand img{width:auto;max-width:100%}.branding .header-tagline{font-size:.9em;line-height:normal;padding:0;margin:2px .1em 0 0;width:100%}.primary-navbar__wrapper .branding .header-tagline{padding-bottom:.25rem}.branding .branding-aside{text-align:initial;margin:0 7px}.branding .branding-aside .navbar-brand{padding:0;line-height:1}.branding .branding-aside .header-tagline{width:auto;padding-bottom:0}.branding__container .branding,.branding__container .mobile-utils__wrapper{flex-shrink:1}.mobile-utils__wrapper .header-search__container{display:block;border-bottom:none;margin:37.5px auto}.header-tagline{font-style:italic}.nav__utils{flex-shrink:0;padding:0;max-width:100%}@media (max-width:767px){.mobile-navbar__wrapper .nav__utils .utils{margin-right:-10px;margin-left:-10px}}.header-search__container{margin:37.5px 0 18.75px}.header-search__container .czr-form .form-group{margin:12.5px 0 18.75px;padding-bottom:1.25em}.mobile-nav__container{padding:0}.primary-navbar__wrapper{-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap}.primary-navbar__wrapper .branding__container,.primary-navbar__wrapper .primary-nav__menu-wrapper,.primary-navbar__wrapper .primary-nav__utils li,.primary-navbar__wrapper .primary-nav__wrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.primary-navbar__wrapper .primary-nav__wrapper{margin:0 -15px}.primary-navbar__wrapper .primary-nav__container{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1}.primary-navbar__wrapper .primary-nav__menu-wrapper{width:100%}.primary-navbar__wrapper .primary-nav__nav{flex-shrink:1;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.primary-navbar__wrapper .col{max-width:100%}.tc-header{position:relative;z-index:100}.desktop-sticky,.mobile-sticky{box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.15)}.mobile-sticky .mobile-nav__nav{position:absolute;width:100%;box-shadow:0 6px 8px 0 rgba(120,120,120,.9)}.mobile-sticky .mobile-nav__nav .mobile-nav__inner{max-height:90vh;overflow:auto}.mobile-navbar__wrapper .branding{padding-top:4px;padding-bottom:4px}.mobile-navbar__wrapper .branding .navbar-brand{font-size:1.5em}.mobile-navbar__wrapper .navbar-brand-sitelogo img{max-height:36px!important}.mobile-navbar__wrapper .mobile-nav__inner{margin-bottom:20px}@media (min-width:768px){.mobile-navbar__wrapper .branding{padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:5px}.mobile-navbar__wrapper .navbar-brand-sitelogo img{max-height:45px!important;max-width:100%}}.btn,button[type=submit],input[type=submit]{display:inline-block;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;border:1px solid transparent;padding:.5em 1em;border-radius:2px;border-width:2px;border-style:solid;font-size:1em;text-decoration:none}button[type=submit],input[type=submit]{background-color:#3b3b3b;color:#fff;border-color:#3b3b3b}button[type=submit],input[type=submit]{background-color:#3b3b3b;color:#fff;border-color:#3b3b3b}button[type=submit],input[type=submit]{line-height:inherit}.tax__container a{position:relative;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.czr-btta{background-color:rgba(59,59,59,.2);color:#fff;display:none;width:46px;height:45px;position:fixed!important;bottom:100px;opacity:0;z-index:100;border-width:1px;padding:0}.czr-btta.right{right:-45px}.czr-btta i{line-height:43px;display:inline-block}.czr-btta i:before{font-weight:700}@media (min-width:576px){.czr-btta{display:block}}.bg-link{top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;z-index:1;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}.bg-link{background:0 0}label{color:#313131;font-family:sans-serif;max-width:100%;margin-bottom:.3em}input{display:block;line-height:initial;padding:7.5px 15px;margin:auto;border:1px solid #eceeef;border-radius:2px;max-width:100%;font:inherit;font-weight:400;box-shadow:inset 0 2px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.025)}form.czr-form.search-form .form-group{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}form.czr-form.search-form label{position:relative!important;margin-right:5px;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1}form.czr-form.search-form label:after,form.czr-form.search-form label:before{content:"";display:table}form.czr-form.search-form label:after{clear:both}form.czr-form.search-form label input{padding-left:26px;line-height:30px;width:100%}form.czr-form.search-form button[type=submit]{padding:0 10px;font-weight:600;display:inline-block;-webkit-border-radius:3px;border-radius:3px;line-height:31px;font-size:15px;height:35px;text-transform:none}form.czr-form label{font-size:1em}form.czr-form input:not([type=submit]):not([type=button]):not([type=number]):not([type=checkbox]):not([type=radio]){border:none;border-bottom:2px solid #313131;padding:0 0 2px;color:#202020;position:relative;box-shadow:none;width:100%;background:0 0}form.czr-form .czr-focus{position:relative;margin-top:2.5em}form.czr-form .czr-focus label{display:block;position:absolute;z-index:1;color:#aaa}form.czr-form .czr-focus label span{float:left}.czr-search-field{padding-right:2em}.czr-search-field::-ms-clear{display:none}@-webkit-keyframes autofill{to{background:0 0;color:inherit}}.czr-search-field:-webkit-autofill{-webkit-animation-name:autofill;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:both}.js-centering.entry-media__holder img,.tc-grid-figure img{opacity:0}.no-js img{opacity:1!important}#tc-page-wrap{position:relative;background:inherit;z-index:1;word-wrap:break-word}#main-wrapper:after,#main-wrapper:before,#tc-page-wrap:after,#tc-page-wrap:before{display:table;content:'';line-height:0}#content,#main-wrapper{padding-bottom:2.5em}.container[role=main]{margin-top:2em}ul ul{margin-left:1em}@media (max-width:575px){ul ul{margin-left:0}}.entry-footer .flex-row{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}[class*=grid-container__] article{margin-bottom:40px}.grid .entry-title{line-height:1.4;font-size:1.9em}.entry-media__holder{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.entry-media__wrapper{width:100%}.entry-title{line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:.3125em}.entry-title:not(.over-thumb) a{color:#313131}.post-info .row{margin:0 -8px;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.post-info .row [class*=col]{padding:.1em 8px}.entry-footer{align-items:center}.entry-footer .post-info{color:#aaa;line-height:1.55em;position:relative}.grid__item{position:relative;background:#fff;outline:1px solid #efefef;outline-offset:-1px;z-index:1}.grid .tc-content{padding:2.5em 15px;margin:0 auto;width:90%}.grid .entry-header .entry-meta{margin-bottom:1.25em}.grid .entry-title{margin-top:0}.grid .entry-footer .post-info{padding-top:1.25em;margin-top:2.5em;margin-bottom:-1em;position:relative;text-align:right}.grid .entry-footer .post-info:before{content:"";position:absolute;width:100%;height:1px;top:0;left:0;background:#eceeef}.tc-grid-shadow .grid__item{box-shadow:0 0 6px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.075)}.tc-grid-border .grid__item{border-bottom:3px solid transparent}.tc-grid-hover-move .grid__item{-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.grid-container__classic .tc-grid-figure{position:relative;overflow:hidden;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden}.grid-container__classic .tc-grid-figure img{width:100%;height:auto;top:0;left:0}.grid-container__classic .tc-grid-figure .bg-link{background-color:transparent}.grid-container__classic .tc-grid-caption{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:#fff;padding:1.25em;opacity:0;width:100%;height:100%}.grid-container__classic .tc-grid-caption{background:0 0}.grid-container__classic .entry-summary{position:relative;height:100%;margin:0 auto;padding:0;width:100%;font-size:.9em;text-rendering:geometricPrecision;overflow:hidden}.grid-container__classic .tc-grid-caption .tc-g-cont{max-height:100%;overflow:hidden;width:100%}.tc-g-cont p{margin:0}@media (min-width:768px){.grid-container__classic .tc-content{padding:1.25em}.grid-container__classic .tc-content .entry-header{font-size:.9em}.grid-container__classic .tc-content .entry-header .entry-meta{margin-bottom:.714286em}.grid-container__classic .tc-content .entry-footer .post-info{padding-top:1.25em}}.archive-header .archive-title,.entry-header .entry-title{word-wrap:break-word;margin-top:0}.archive-header .header-bottom{color:#777;position:relative;margin:0 0 2em}.archive-header .header-bottom{margin-bottom:-1em}.archive-header .featurette-divider{margin-top:2.25em}.page-breadcrumbs{margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:2em}.post-info a:not(.btn){color:#777}.post-info a:not(.btn) span:after,.post-info a:not(.btn) span:before{background-color:#313131}.entry-footer .post-info a:not(.btn){color:#aaa}.entry-footer [class*=col]{max-width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:480px) and (max-width:667px){.sidebar{padding:0 2.5em}}.widget-area .widget{margin-bottom:2.5em}.widget-area .widget li:not(:last-of-type){margin-bottom:.625em}.widget-area .widget li:before{content:none}.widget-area a{color:#777}.widget-area .widget_text a{text-decoration:underline}.sidebar .widget-title{position:relative;margin:1.25em 0;padding:1.25em 0;font-size:1.1em}.sidebar .widget-title:after{content:"";position:absolute;width:5em;height:2px;bottom:0;left:0}@media (min-width:768px){.tc-sidebar.right{padding-left:2.5em}.tc-sidebar.text-md-right .widget-title:after{right:0;left:auto}}.sidebar .widget-title:after{background-color:#3b3b3b}.grid-container__classic.tc-grid-border .grid__item{border-color:#3b3b3b}.tc-header.border-top{border-top-color:#5a5a5a}.navbar-brand,.header-tagline,h1,h2,h3{font-family:'Sintony'}body{font-family:'Poppins'}body{font-size:.81rem;line-height:1.5em}.tc-header.border-top{border-top-width:5px;border-top-style:solid}#czr-push-footer{display:none;visibility:hidden}.wp-container-core-social-links-layout-1.wp-container-core-social-links-layout-1{flex-direction:column;align-items:center}</style><link rel="preload" data-asynced="1" data-optimized="2" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" href="https://mappery.org/wp-content/litespeed/ucss/b63026922ce73fea8cb3dd644b6d381c.css?ver=2bc6f" /><script data-optimized="1" type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://mappery.org/wp-content/plugins/litespeed-cache/assets/js/css_async.min.js"></script> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EDGE" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /><link rel="pingback" href="https://mappery.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <script type="litespeed/javascript">(function(html){html.className=html.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement)</script> <title>9th February 2025 – Mappery</title><meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /><style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /><link rel='preconnect' href='//c0.wp.com' /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Mappery » Feed" href="https://mappery.org/feed/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Mappery » Comments Feed" href="https://mappery.org/comments/feed/" /><link data-asynced="1" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" rel='preload' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' media='all' /><link data-asynced="1" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" rel='preload' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css' media='all' /><link data-asynced="1" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" rel='preload' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css' media='all' /><style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'>.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em}</style><style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'>/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style><style id='global-styles-inline-css'>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style><style id='customizr-main-inline-css'>.navbar-brand,.header-tagline,h1,h2,h3,.tc-dropcap { font-family : 'Sintony'; } body { font-family : 'Poppins'; } body { font-size : 0.81rem; line-height : 1.5em; } .tc-header.border-top { border-top-width: 5px; border-top-style: solid } .grid-container__classic .czr__r-wGOC::before{padding-top:61.803398%} @media (min-width: 1200px) {.grid-container__classic .czr__r-wGOC::before{padding-top:40%}} #czr-push-footer { display: none; visibility: hidden; } .czr-sticky-footer #czr-push-footer.sticky-footer-enabled { display: block; }</style><style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css'>.a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; }</style><link data-asynced="1" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" rel='preload' id='dashicons-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css' media='all' /> <script type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js" id="underscore-js"></script> <script id="tc-scripts-js-extra" type="litespeed/javascript">var CZRParams={"assetsPath":"https:\/\/mappery.org\/wp-content\/themes\/customizr\/assets\/front\/","mainScriptUrl":"https:\/\/mappery.org\/wp-content\/themes\/customizr\/assets\/front\/js\/tc-scripts.min.js?4.4.24","deferFontAwesome":"1","fontAwesomeUrl":"https:\/\/mappery.org\/wp-content\/themes\/customizr\/assets\/shared\/fonts\/fa\/css\/fontawesome-all.min.css?4.4.24","_disabled":[],"centerSliderImg":"1","isLightBoxEnabled":"1","SmoothScroll":{"Enabled":!0,"Options":{"touchpadSupport":!1}},"isAnchorScrollEnabled":"","anchorSmoothScrollExclude":{"simple":["[class*=edd]",".carousel-control","[data-toggle=\"modal\"]","[data-toggle=\"dropdown\"]","[data-toggle=\"czr-dropdown\"]","[data-toggle=\"tooltip\"]","[data-toggle=\"popover\"]","[data-toggle=\"collapse\"]","[data-toggle=\"czr-collapse\"]","[data-toggle=\"tab\"]","[data-toggle=\"pill\"]","[data-toggle=\"czr-pill\"]","[class*=upme]","[class*=um-]"],"deep":{"classes":[],"ids":[]}},"timerOnScrollAllBrowsers":"1","centerAllImg":"1","HasComments":"","LoadModernizr":"1","stickyHeader":"","extLinksStyle":"","extLinksTargetExt":"","extLinksSkipSelectors":{"classes":["btn","button"],"ids":[]},"dropcapEnabled":"","dropcapWhere":{"post":"","page":""},"dropcapMinWords":"","dropcapSkipSelectors":{"tags":["IMG","IFRAME","H1","H2","H3","H4","H5","H6","BLOCKQUOTE","UL","OL"],"classes":["btn"],"id":[]},"imgSmartLoadEnabled":"1","imgSmartLoadOpts":{"parentSelectors":["[class*=grid-container], .article-container",".__before_main_wrapper",".widget-front",".post-related-articles",".tc-singular-thumbnail-wrapper",".sek-module-inner"],"opts":{"excludeImg":[".tc-holder-img"]}},"imgSmartLoadsForSliders":"","pluginCompats":[],"isWPMobile":"","menuStickyUserSettings":{"desktop":"stick_up","mobile":"stick_up"},"adminAjaxUrl":"https:\/\/mappery.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/mappery.org\/?czrajax=1","frontNonce":{"id":"CZRFrontNonce","handle":"96e424c9ac"},"isDevMode":"","isModernStyle":"1","i18n":{"Permanently dismiss":"Permanently dismiss"},"frontNotifications":{"welcome":{"enabled":!1,"content":"","dismissAction":"dismiss_welcome_note_front"}},"preloadGfonts":"1","googleFonts":"Sintony%7CPoppins","version":"4.4.24"}</script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://mappery.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://mappery.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /><meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <script type="litespeed/javascript">function external_links_in_new_windows_loop(){if(!document.links){document.links=document.getElementsByTagName('a')} var change_link=!1;var force='';var ignore='';for(var t=0;t<document.links.length;t++){var all_links=document.links[t];change_link=!1;if(document.links[t].hasAttribute('onClick')==!1){if(all_links.href.search(/^http/)!=-1&&all_links.href.search('mappery.org')==-1&&all_links.href.search(/^#/)==-1){change_link=!0} if(force!=''&&all_links.href.search(force)!=-1){change_link=!0} if(ignore!=''&&all_links.href.search(ignore)!=-1){change_link=!1} if(change_link==!0){document.links[t].setAttribute('onClick','javascript:window.open(\''+all_links.href.replace(/'/g,'')+'\', \'_blank\', \'noopener\'); return false;');document.links[t].removeAttribute('target')}}}} function external_links_in_new_windows_load(func){var oldonload=window.onload;if(typeof window.onload!='function'){window.onload=func}else{window.onload=function(){oldonload();func()}}} external_links_in_new_windows_load(external_links_in_new_windows_loop)</script> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://mappery.org/wp-content/themes/customizr/assets/shared/fonts/customizr/customizr.woff2?128396981" crossorigin="anonymous"/> <script type="litespeed/javascript">(()=>{var o=[],i={};["on","off","toggle","show"].forEach((l=>{i[l]=function(){o.push([l,arguments])}})),window.Boxzilla=i,window.boxzilla_queue=o})()</script><link rel="icon" href="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-cropped-cropped-mappery_logo-1-1-150x150.png" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" href="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-cropped-cropped-mappery_logo-1-1-300x300.png" sizes="192x192" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-cropped-cropped-mappery_logo-1-1-300x300.png" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-cropped-cropped-mappery_logo-1-1-300x300.png" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Mappery"/><meta property="og:title" content="9 February 2025 Archives"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://mappery.org/2025/02/09/"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:description" content="For the love of maps"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DSC06356.jpg"/><meta property="og:image:url" content="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DSC06356.jpg"/><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DSC06356.jpg"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="9 February 2025 Archives"/><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://mappery.org/2025/02/09/"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="For the love of maps"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DSC06356.jpg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/></head><body class="archive date wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive czr-link-hover-underline header-skin-light footer-skin-dark czr-r-sidebar tc-center-images czr-full-layout customizr-4-4-24 czr-post-list-context czr-sticky-footer"> <a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#content">Skip to content</a><div id="tc-page-wrap" class=""><header class="tpnav-header__header tc-header sl-logo_left sticky-brand-shrink-on sticky-transparent border-top czr-submenu-fade czr-submenu-move" ><div class="primary-navbar__wrapper d-none d-lg-block has-horizontal-menu has-branding-aside desktop-sticky" ><div class="container"><div class="row align-items-center flex-row primary-navbar__row"><div class="branding__container col col-auto" ><div class="branding align-items-center flex-column "><div class="branding-row d-flex flex-row align-items-center align-self-start"><div class="navbar-brand col-auto " > <a class="navbar-brand-sitelogo" href="https://mappery.org/" aria-label="Mappery | For the love of maps" > <img data-lazyloaded="1" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIyMzkiIGhlaWdodD0iMjIxIiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjM5IDIyMSI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=" data-src="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-cropped-mappery_logo-1-1.png" alt="Back home" class="" width="239" height="221" style="max-width:250px;max-height:100px" data-no-retina> </a></div><div class="branding-aside col-auto flex-column d-flex"> <span class="navbar-brand col-auto " > <a class="navbar-brand-sitename " href="https://mappery.org/"> <span>Mappery</span> </a> </span> <span class="header-tagline " > For the love of maps</span></div></div></div></div><div class="primary-nav__container justify-content-lg-around col col-lg-auto flex-lg-column" ><div class="primary-nav__wrapper flex-lg-row align-items-center justify-content-end"><nav class="primary-nav__nav col" id="primary-nav"><div class="nav__menu-wrapper primary-nav__menu-wrapper justify-content-end czr-open-on-hover" ><ul id="main-menu" class="primary-nav__menu regular-nav nav__menu nav"><li id="menu-item-19" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-19"><a href="https://mappery.org/about/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">About</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-5239" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5239"><a href="https://mappery.org/mapping-maps-in-the-wild/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Mapping Maps in the Wild</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-7012" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7012"><a href="https://mappery.org/shop/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Shop</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-7312" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7312"><a href="https://mappery.org/contact/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Contact</span></a></li></ul></div></nav><div class="primary-nav__utils nav__utils col-auto" ><ul class="nav utils flex-row flex-nowrap regular-nav"><li class="nav__search " > <a href="#" class="search-toggle_btn icn-search czr-overlay-toggle_btn" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sr-only">Search</span></a><div class="czr-search-expand"><div class="czr-search-expand-inner"><div class="search-form__container " ><form action="https://mappery.org/" method="get" class="czr-form search-form"><div class="form-group czr-focus"> <label for="s-67f29238ba3fa" id="lsearch-67f29238ba3fa"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span> <input id="s-67f29238ba3fa" class="form-control czr-search-field" name="s" type="search" value="" aria-describedby="lsearch-67f29238ba3fa" placeholder="Search …"> </label> <button type="submit" class="button"><i class="icn-search"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Search …</span></button></div></form></div></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mobile-navbar__wrapper d-lg-none mobile-sticky" ><div class="branding__container justify-content-between align-items-center container" ><div class="branding flex-column"><div class="branding-row d-flex align-self-start flex-row align-items-center"><div class="navbar-brand col-auto " > <a class="navbar-brand-sitelogo" href="https://mappery.org/" aria-label="Mappery | For the love of maps" > <img data-lazyloaded="1" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIyMzkiIGhlaWdodD0iMjIxIiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjM5IDIyMSI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=" data-src="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-cropped-mappery_logo-1-1.png" alt="Back home" class="" width="239" height="221" style="max-width:250px;max-height:100px" data-no-retina> </a></div><div class="branding-aside col-auto"> <span class="navbar-brand col-auto " > <a class="navbar-brand-sitename " href="https://mappery.org/"> <span>Mappery</span> </a> </span></div></div></div><div class="mobile-utils__wrapper nav__utils regular-nav"><ul class="nav utils row flex-row flex-nowrap"><li class="nav__search " > <a href="#" class="search-toggle_btn icn-search czr-dropdown" data-aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sr-only">Search</span></a><div class="czr-search-expand"><div class="czr-search-expand-inner"><div class="search-form__container " ><form action="https://mappery.org/" method="get" class="czr-form search-form"><div class="form-group czr-focus"> <label for="s-67f29238ba70c" id="lsearch-67f29238ba70c"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span> <input id="s-67f29238ba70c" class="form-control czr-search-field" name="s" type="search" value="" aria-describedby="lsearch-67f29238ba70c" placeholder="Search …"> </label> <button type="submit" class="button"><i class="icn-search"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Search …</span></button></div></form></div></div></div><ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"><li class="header-search__container container"><div class="search-form__container " ><form action="https://mappery.org/" method="get" class="czr-form search-form"><div class="form-group czr-focus"> <label for="s-67f29238ba837" id="lsearch-67f29238ba837"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span> <input id="s-67f29238ba837" class="form-control czr-search-field" name="s" type="search" value="" aria-describedby="lsearch-67f29238ba837" placeholder="Search …"> </label> <button type="submit" class="button"><i class="icn-search"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Search …</span></button></div></form></div></li></ul></li><li class="hamburger-toggler__container " > <button class="ham-toggler-menu czr-collapsed" data-toggle="czr-collapse" data-target="#mobile-nav"><span class="ham__toggler-span-wrapper"><span class="line line-1"></span><span class="line line-2"></span><span class="line line-3"></span></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span></button></li></ul></div></div><div class="mobile-nav__container " ><nav class="mobile-nav__nav flex-column czr-collapse" id="mobile-nav"><div class="mobile-nav__inner container"><div class="nav__menu-wrapper mobile-nav__menu-wrapper czr-open-on-click" ><ul id="mobile-nav-menu" class="mobile-nav__menu vertical-nav nav__menu flex-column nav"><li id="menu-item-514" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-514"><a href="https://mappery.org/about/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">About</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-513" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-513"><a href="https://mappery.org/mailing-list/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Mailing List</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-7315" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7315"><a href="https://mappery.org/contact/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Contact</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-7014" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7014"><a href="https://mappery.org/shop/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Shop</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-5315" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5315"><a href="https://mappery.org/mapping-maps-in-the-wild/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Mapping Maps in the Wild</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-512" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-512"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://mappery.org/privacy-policy/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Privacy</span></a></li></ul></div></div></nav></div></div></header><div id="main-wrapper" class="section"><div class="czr-hot-crumble container page-breadcrumbs" role="navigation" ><div class="row"><nav class="breadcrumbs col-12"><span class="trail-begin"><a href="https://mappery.org" title="Mappery" rel="home" class="trail-begin">Home</a></span> <span class="sep">»</span> <a href="https://mappery.org/2025/" title="2025">2025</a> <span class="sep">»</span> <a href="https://mappery.org/2025/02/" title="February">February</a> <span class="sep">»</span> <span class="trail-end">09</span></nav></div></div><div class="container" role="main"><div class="flex-row row column-content-wrapper"><div id="content" class="col-12 col-md-9 article-container"><header class="archive-header " ><div class="archive-header-inner"><h1 class="archive-title"> Daily archives: <span>9th February 2025</span></h1><div class="header-bottom"> <span> 1 post </span></div><hr class="featurette-divider"></div></header><div id="czr_grid-67f29238b5d36" class="grid-container grid-container__classic tc-grid-shadow tc-grid-border tc-grid-hover-move" ><div class="grid__wrapper grid"><section class="row grid__section cols-3 grid-section-not-featured"><article id="post-8871" class="grid-item col-12 col-md-6 col-xl-4 col-lg-4 post-8871 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-mapswild czr-hentry" ><section class="grid__item"><div class="tc-grid-figure entry-media__holder has-thumb czr__r-wGR js-centering"><div class="entry-media__wrapper czr__r-i"> <a class="bg-link" href="https://mappery.org/operation-moon-bounce/"></a> <img width="570" height="350" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/operation-moon.-bounce-7696-570x350.jpeg" class="attachment-tc-grid tc-thumb-type-thumb czr-img wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /></div><div class="tc-grid-caption"><div class="entry-summary "><div class="tc-g-cont czr-talign"><p>Another one from the Air and Space Museum. Using the Moon as a Communications Satellite The U.S. Navy’s Operation Moon Bounce beamed radio signals to the Moon that bounced back to another location on Earth. This system made it easier for the military to send long-distance messages during the Cold […]</p></div></div></div></div><div class="tc-content"><header class="entry-header " ><div class="entry-header-inner "><div class="tax__container post-info entry-meta"> <a class="tax__link" href="https://mappery.org/category/mapswild/" title="View all posts in Maps in the Wild"> <span>Maps in the Wild</span> </a></div><h2 class="entry-title"> <a class="czr-title" href="https://mappery.org/operation-moon-bounce/" rel="bookmark">Operation Moon Bounce</a></h2></div></header><footer class="entry-footer" ><div class="post-info clearfix entry-meta"><div class="row flex-row"><div class="col col-auto"><span class="author-meta">by <span class="author vcard"><span class="author_name"><a class="url fn n" href="https://mappery.org/author/th3b055man/" title="View all posts by Steven" rel="author">Steven</a></span></span></span></div><div class="col col-auto"><div class="row"><div class="col col-auto">Published <a href="https://mappery.org/operation-moon-bounce/" title="Permalink to: Operation Moon Bounce" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="9th February 2025">9th February 2025</time></a></div></div></div></div></div></footer></div></section></article></section></div></div><div id="czr-comments" class="comments-area " ></div></div><div class="right sidebar tc-sidebar col-12 col-md-3 text-md-right" ><div id="right" class="widget-area" role="complementary"><aside id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"><div class="search-form__container " ><form action="https://mappery.org/" method="get" class="czr-form search-form"><div class="form-group czr-focus"> <label for="s-67f29238bc67e" id="lsearch-67f29238bc67e"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span> <input id="s-67f29238bc67e" class="form-control czr-search-field" name="s" type="search" value="" aria-describedby="lsearch-67f29238bc67e" placeholder="Search …"> </label> <button type="submit" class="button"><i class="icn-search"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Search …</span></button></div></form></div></aside><aside id="text-2" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widget-title">Get your Maps in the Wild in your inbox</h3><div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://mappery.org/mailing-list/"><img data-lazyloaded="1" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxNTAiIGhlaWdodD0iMTUwIiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTUwIDE1MCI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-thumbnail wp-image-6" data-src="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/09/DSC06356-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" data-srcset="https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DSC06356-150x150.jpg 150w, https://mappery.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DSC06356-510x510.jpg 510w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></a></p><p><strong><a href="https://mappery.org/mailing-list/">Signup here</a></strong> for the weekly Maps in the Wild email broadcast</p></div></aside><aside id="block-5" class="widget widget_block"><ul class="wp-block-social-links is-style-default is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-1 wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex"><li class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-mastodon wp-block-social-link"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://mapstodon.space/@mappery" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M23.193 7.879c0-5.206-3.411-6.732-3.411-6.732C18.062.357 15.108.025 12.041 0h-.076c-3.068.025-6.02.357-7.74 1.147 0 0-3.411 1.526-3.411 6.732 0 1.192-.023 2.618.015 4.129.124 5.092.934 10.109 5.641 11.355 2.17.574 4.034.695 5.535.612 2.722-.15 4.25-.972 4.25-.972l-.09-1.975s-1.945.613-4.129.539c-2.165-.074-4.449-.233-4.799-2.891a5.499 5.499 0 0 1-.048-.745s2.125.52 4.817.643c1.646.075 3.19-.097 4.758-.283 3.007-.359 5.625-2.212 5.954-3.905.517-2.665.475-6.507.475-6.507zm-4.024 6.709h-2.497V8.469c0-1.29-.543-1.944-1.628-1.944-1.2 0-1.802.776-1.802 2.312v3.349h-2.483v-3.35c0-1.536-.602-2.312-1.802-2.312-1.085 0-1.628.655-1.628 1.944v6.119H4.832V8.284c0-1.289.328-2.313.987-3.07.68-.758 1.569-1.146 2.674-1.146 1.278 0 2.246.491 2.886 1.474L12 6.585l.622-1.043c.64-.983 1.608-1.474 2.886-1.474 1.104 0 1.994.388 2.674 1.146.658.757.986 1.781.986 3.07v6.304z"/></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">Mastodon</span></a></li><li class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-instagram wp-block-social-link"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/maps_in_the_wild/" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M12,4.622c2.403,0,2.688,0.009,3.637,0.052c0.877,0.04,1.354,0.187,1.671,0.31c0.42,0.163,0.72,0.358,1.035,0.673 c0.315,0.315,0.51,0.615,0.673,1.035c0.123,0.317,0.27,0.794,0.31,1.671c0.043,0.949,0.052,1.234,0.052,3.637 s-0.009,2.688-0.052,3.637c-0.04,0.877-0.187,1.354-0.31,1.671c-0.163,0.42-0.358,0.72-0.673,1.035 c-0.315,0.315-0.615,0.51-1.035,0.673c-0.317,0.123-0.794,0.27-1.671,0.31c-0.949,0.043-1.233,0.052-3.637,0.052 s-2.688-0.009-3.637-0.052c-0.877-0.04-1.354-0.187-1.671-0.31c-0.42-0.163-0.72-0.358-1.035-0.673 c-0.315-0.315-0.51-0.615-0.673-1.035c-0.123-0.317-0.27-0.794-0.31-1.671C4.631,14.688,4.622,14.403,4.622,12 s0.009-2.688,0.052-3.637c0.04-0.877,0.187-1.354,0.31-1.671c0.163-0.42,0.358-0.72,0.673-1.035 c0.315-0.315,0.615-0.51,1.035-0.673c0.317-0.123,0.794-0.27,1.671-0.31C9.312,4.631,9.597,4.622,12,4.622 M12,3 C9.556,3,9.249,3.01,8.289,3.054C7.331,3.098,6.677,3.25,6.105,3.472C5.513,3.702,5.011,4.01,4.511,4.511 c-0.5,0.5-0.808,1.002-1.038,1.594C3.25,6.677,3.098,7.331,3.054,8.289C3.01,9.249,3,9.556,3,12c0,2.444,0.01,2.751,0.054,3.711 c0.044,0.958,0.196,1.612,0.418,2.185c0.23,0.592,0.538,1.094,1.038,1.594c0.5,0.5,1.002,0.808,1.594,1.038 c0.572,0.222,1.227,0.375,2.185,0.418C9.249,20.99,9.556,21,12,21s2.751-0.01,3.711-0.054c0.958-0.044,1.612-0.196,2.185-0.418 c0.592-0.23,1.094-0.538,1.594-1.038c0.5-0.5,0.808-1.002,1.038-1.594c0.222-0.572,0.375-1.227,0.418-2.185 C20.99,14.751,21,14.444,21,12s-0.01-2.751-0.054-3.711c-0.044-0.958-0.196-1.612-0.418-2.185c-0.23-0.592-0.538-1.094-1.038-1.594 c-0.5-0.5-1.002-0.808-1.594-1.038c-0.572-0.222-1.227-0.375-2.185-0.418C14.751,3.01,14.444,3,12,3L12,3z M12,7.378 c-2.552,0-4.622,2.069-4.622,4.622S9.448,16.622,12,16.622s4.622-2.069,4.622-4.622S14.552,7.378,12,7.378z M12,15 c-1.657,0-3-1.343-3-3s1.343-3,3-3s3,1.343,3,3S13.657,15,12,15z M16.804,6.116c-0.596,0-1.08,0.484-1.08,1.08 s0.484,1.08,1.08,1.08c0.596,0,1.08-0.484,1.08-1.08S17.401,6.116,16.804,6.116z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">Instagram</span></a></li><li class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-bluesky wp-block-social-link"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://bsky.app/profile/mapsinthewild.bsky.social" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M6.3,4.2c2.3,1.7,4.8,5.3,5.7,7.2.9-1.9,3.4-5.4,5.7-7.2,1.7-1.3,4.3-2.2,4.3.9s-.4,5.2-.6,5.9c-.7,2.6-3.3,3.2-5.6,2.8,4,.7,5.1,3,2.9,5.3-5,5.2-6.7-2.8-6.7-2.8,0,0-1.7,8-6.7,2.8-2.2-2.3-1.2-4.6,2.9-5.3-2.3.4-4.9-.3-5.6-2.8-.2-.7-.6-5.3-.6-5.9,0-3.1,2.7-2.1,4.3-.9h0Z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">Bluesky</span></a></li></ul></aside><aside id="archives-2" class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">Archives</h3> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="archives-dropdown-2">Archives</label> <select id="archives-dropdown-2" name="archive-dropdown"><option value="">Select Month</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2025/04/'> April 2025  (8)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2025/03/'> March 2025  (31)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2025/02/' selected='selected'> February 2025  (28)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2025/01/'> January 2025  (34)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2024/12/'> December 2024  (32)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2024/11/'> November 2024  (30)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2024/10/'> October 2024  (31)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2024/09/'> September 2024  (35)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2024/08/'> August 2024  (30)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2024/07/'> July 2024  (31)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2024/06/'> June 2024  (30)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2024/05/'> May 2024  (31)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2024/04/'> April 2024  (31)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2024/03/'> March 2024  (32)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2024/02/'> February 2024  (29)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2024/01/'> January 2024  (31)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2023/12/'> December 2023  (31)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2023/11/'> November 2023  (30)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2023/10/'> October 2023  (31)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2023/09/'> September 2023  (33)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2023/08/'> August 2023  (31)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2023/07/'> July 2023  (32)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2023/06/'> June 2023  (30)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2023/05/'> May 2023  (31)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2023/04/'> April 2023  (30)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2023/03/'> March 2023  (32)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2023/02/'> February 2023  (28)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2023/01/'> January 2023  (32)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2022/12/'> December 2022  (42)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2022/11/'> November 2022  (29)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2022/10/'> October 2022  (22)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2022/09/'> September 2022  (28)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2022/08/'> August 2022  (27)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2022/07/'> July 2022  (21)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2022/06/'> June 2022  (22)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2022/05/'> May 2022  (26)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2022/04/'> April 2022  (23)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2022/03/'> March 2022  (23)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2022/02/'> February 2022  (18)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2022/01/'> January 2022  (22)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2021/12/'> December 2021  (19)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2021/11/'> November 2021  (24)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2021/10/'> October 2021  (19)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2021/09/'> September 2021  (21)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2021/08/'> August 2021  (21)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2021/07/'> July 2021  (14)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2021/06/'> June 2021  (13)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2021/05/'> May 2021  (13)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2021/04/'> April 2021  (15)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2021/03/'> March 2021  (14)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2021/02/'> February 2021  (13)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2021/01/'> January 2021  (18)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2020/12/'> December 2020  (23)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2020/11/'> November 2020  (13)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2020/10/'> October 2020  (13)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2020/09/'> September 2020  (14)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2020/08/'> August 2020  (13)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2020/07/'> July 2020  (14)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2020/06/'> June 2020  (15)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2020/05/'> May 2020  (18)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2020/04/'> April 2020  (17)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2020/03/'> March 2020  (20)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2020/02/'> February 2020  (20)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2020/01/'> January 2020  (25)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2019/12/'> December 2019  (21)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2019/11/'> November 2019  (20)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2019/10/'> October 2019  (18)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2019/09/'> September 2019  (21)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2019/08/'> August 2019  (29)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2019/07/'> July 2019  (15)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2019/06/'> June 2019  (12)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2019/05/'> May 2019  (15)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2019/04/'> April 2019  (14)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2019/03/'> March 2019  (13)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2019/02/'> February 2019  (12)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2019/01/'> January 2019  (14)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2018/12/'> December 2018  (17)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2018/11/'> November 2018  (18)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2018/10/'> October 2018  (15)</option><option value='https://mappery.org/2018/09/'> September 2018  (6)</option></select> <script type="litespeed/javascript">(function(){var dropdown=document.getElementById("archives-dropdown-2");function onSelectChange(){if(dropdown.options[dropdown.selectedIndex].value!==''){document.location.href=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value}} dropdown.onchange=onSelectChange})()</script> </aside></div></div></div></div><div id="czr-push-footer" ></div></div><div class="container-fluid"></div><footer id="footer" class="footer__wrapper" ><div id="footer-widget-area" class="widget__wrapper" role="complementary" ><div class="container widget__container"><div class="row"><div id="footer_one" class="col-md-4 col-12"><aside id="block-4" class="widget widget_block widget_categories"><ul class="wp-block-categories-list wp-block-categories"><li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://mappery.org/category/general/">General</a></li><li class="cat-item cat-item-3"><a href="https://mappery.org/category/mapswild/">Maps in the Wild</a></li></ul></aside></div><div id="footer_two" class="col-md-4 col-12"><aside id="nav_menu-2" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-footer-container"><ul id="menu-footer" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-514"><a href="https://mappery.org/about/">About</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-513"><a href="https://mappery.org/mailing-list/">Mailing List</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7315"><a href="https://mappery.org/contact/">Contact</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7014"><a href="https://mappery.org/shop/">Shop</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5315"><a href="https://mappery.org/mapping-maps-in-the-wild/">Mapping Maps in the Wild</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-512"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://mappery.org/privacy-policy/">Privacy</a></li></ul></div></aside></div><div id="footer_three" class="col-md-4 col-12"><aside id="block-13" class="widget widget_block"><ul class="wp-block-social-links is-vertical is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-2 wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex"><li class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-mastodon wp-block-social-link"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://mapstodon.space/@mappery" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M23.193 7.879c0-5.206-3.411-6.732-3.411-6.732C18.062.357 15.108.025 12.041 0h-.076c-3.068.025-6.02.357-7.74 1.147 0 0-3.411 1.526-3.411 6.732 0 1.192-.023 2.618.015 4.129.124 5.092.934 10.109 5.641 11.355 2.17.574 4.034.695 5.535.612 2.722-.15 4.25-.972 4.25-.972l-.09-1.975s-1.945.613-4.129.539c-2.165-.074-4.449-.233-4.799-2.891a5.499 5.499 0 0 1-.048-.745s2.125.52 4.817.643c1.646.075 3.19-.097 4.758-.283 3.007-.359 5.625-2.212 5.954-3.905.517-2.665.475-6.507.475-6.507zm-4.024 6.709h-2.497V8.469c0-1.29-.543-1.944-1.628-1.944-1.2 0-1.802.776-1.802 2.312v3.349h-2.483v-3.35c0-1.536-.602-2.312-1.802-2.312-1.085 0-1.628.655-1.628 1.944v6.119H4.832V8.284c0-1.289.328-2.313.987-3.07.68-.758 1.569-1.146 2.674-1.146 1.278 0 2.246.491 2.886 1.474L12 6.585l.622-1.043c.64-.983 1.608-1.474 2.886-1.474 1.104 0 1.994.388 2.674 1.146.658.757.986 1.781.986 3.07v6.304z"/></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">Mastodon</span></a></li><li class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-instagram wp-block-social-link"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/maps_in_the_wild/" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M12,4.622c2.403,0,2.688,0.009,3.637,0.052c0.877,0.04,1.354,0.187,1.671,0.31c0.42,0.163,0.72,0.358,1.035,0.673 c0.315,0.315,0.51,0.615,0.673,1.035c0.123,0.317,0.27,0.794,0.31,1.671c0.043,0.949,0.052,1.234,0.052,3.637 s-0.009,2.688-0.052,3.637c-0.04,0.877-0.187,1.354-0.31,1.671c-0.163,0.42-0.358,0.72-0.673,1.035 c-0.315,0.315-0.615,0.51-1.035,0.673c-0.317,0.123-0.794,0.27-1.671,0.31c-0.949,0.043-1.233,0.052-3.637,0.052 s-2.688-0.009-3.637-0.052c-0.877-0.04-1.354-0.187-1.671-0.31c-0.42-0.163-0.72-0.358-1.035-0.673 c-0.315-0.315-0.51-0.615-0.673-1.035c-0.123-0.317-0.27-0.794-0.31-1.671C4.631,14.688,4.622,14.403,4.622,12 s0.009-2.688,0.052-3.637c0.04-0.877,0.187-1.354,0.31-1.671c0.163-0.42,0.358-0.72,0.673-1.035 c0.315-0.315,0.615-0.51,1.035-0.673c0.317-0.123,0.794-0.27,1.671-0.31C9.312,4.631,9.597,4.622,12,4.622 M12,3 C9.556,3,9.249,3.01,8.289,3.054C7.331,3.098,6.677,3.25,6.105,3.472C5.513,3.702,5.011,4.01,4.511,4.511 c-0.5,0.5-0.808,1.002-1.038,1.594C3.25,6.677,3.098,7.331,3.054,8.289C3.01,9.249,3,9.556,3,12c0,2.444,0.01,2.751,0.054,3.711 c0.044,0.958,0.196,1.612,0.418,2.185c0.23,0.592,0.538,1.094,1.038,1.594c0.5,0.5,1.002,0.808,1.594,1.038 c0.572,0.222,1.227,0.375,2.185,0.418C9.249,20.99,9.556,21,12,21s2.751-0.01,3.711-0.054c0.958-0.044,1.612-0.196,2.185-0.418 c0.592-0.23,1.094-0.538,1.594-1.038c0.5-0.5,0.808-1.002,1.038-1.594c0.222-0.572,0.375-1.227,0.418-2.185 C20.99,14.751,21,14.444,21,12s-0.01-2.751-0.054-3.711c-0.044-0.958-0.196-1.612-0.418-2.185c-0.23-0.592-0.538-1.094-1.038-1.594 c-0.5-0.5-1.002-0.808-1.594-1.038c-0.572-0.222-1.227-0.375-2.185-0.418C14.751,3.01,14.444,3,12,3L12,3z M12,7.378 c-2.552,0-4.622,2.069-4.622,4.622S9.448,16.622,12,16.622s4.622-2.069,4.622-4.622S14.552,7.378,12,7.378z M12,15 c-1.657,0-3-1.343-3-3s1.343-3,3-3s3,1.343,3,3S13.657,15,12,15z M16.804,6.116c-0.596,0-1.08,0.484-1.08,1.08 s0.484,1.08,1.08,1.08c0.596,0,1.08-0.484,1.08-1.08S17.401,6.116,16.804,6.116z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">Instagram</span></a></li><li class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-bluesky wp-block-social-link"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://bsky.app/profile/mapsinthewild.bsky.social" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M6.3,4.2c2.3,1.7,4.8,5.3,5.7,7.2.9-1.9,3.4-5.4,5.7-7.2,1.7-1.3,4.3-2.2,4.3.9s-.4,5.2-.6,5.9c-.7,2.6-3.3,3.2-5.6,2.8,4,.7,5.1,3,2.9,5.3-5,5.2-6.7-2.8-6.7-2.8,0,0-1.7,8-6.7,2.8-2.2-2.3-1.2-4.6,2.9-5.3-2.3.4-4.9-.3-5.6-2.8-.2-.7-.6-5.3-.6-5.9,0-3.1,2.7-2.1,4.3-.9h0Z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">Bluesky</span></a></li></ul></aside></div></div></div></div><div id="colophon" class="colophon " ><div class="container"><div class="colophon__row row flex-row justify-content-between"><div class="col-12 col-sm-auto"><div id="footer__credits" class="footer__credits" ><p class="czr-copyright"> <span class="czr-copyright-text">© 2025 </span><a class="czr-copyright-link" href="https://mappery.org" title="Mappery">Mappery</a><span class="czr-rights-text"> – All rights reserved</span></p><p class="czr-credits"> <span class="czr-designer"> <span class="czr-wp-powered"><span class="czr-wp-powered-text">Powered by </span><a class="czr-wp-powered-link" title="Powered by WordPress" href="https://en-gb.wordpress.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WP</a></span><span class="czr-designer-text"> – Designed with the <a class="czr-designer-link" href="https://presscustomizr.com/customizr" title="Customizr Theme">Customizr Theme</a></span> </span></p></div></div><div class="col-12 col-sm-auto"><div class="social-links"><ul class="socials " ><li ><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="social-icon icon-feed" title="Subscribe to my RSS Feed" aria-label="Subscribe to my RSS Feed" href="https://mappery.org/feed/rss/" target="_blank" ><i class="fas fa-rss"></i></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></footer></div><button class="btn czr-btt czr-btta right" ><i class="icn-up-small"></i></button><div style="display: none;"><div id="boxzilla-box-7327-content"><p>Get your Maps in the Wild in your inbox with our weekly summary, no marketing just 7 Maps in the Wild every Tuesday</p> <script type="litespeed/javascript">(function(){window.mc4wp=window.mc4wp||{listeners:[],forms:{on:function(evt,cb){window.mc4wp.listeners.push({event:evt,callback:cb})}}}})()</script><form id="mc4wp-form-2" class="mc4wp-form mc4wp-form-220" method="post" data-id="220" data-name="Sign up for our weekly Mappery email and never miss a Map in the Wild! No marketing just 7 Maps in the Wild in your inbox every Tuesday" ><div class="mc4wp-form-fields"><p> <label>First Name</label> <input type="text" name="FNAME" required=""></p><p> <label>Last Name</label> <input type="text" name="LNAME" required=""></p><p> <label>Email address: </label> <input type="email" name="EMAIL" placeholder="Your email address" required /></p><p> <input type="submit" value="Sign up" /></p></div><label style="display: none !important;">Leave this field empty if you're human: <input type="text" name="_mc4wp_honeypot" value="" tabindex="-1" autocomplete="off" /></label><input type="hidden" name="_mc4wp_timestamp" value="1743950392" /><input type="hidden" name="_mc4wp_form_id" value="220" /><input type="hidden" name="_mc4wp_form_element_id" value="mc4wp-form-2" /><div class="mc4wp-response"></div></form></div></div><script type="litespeed/javascript">(function(){function maybePrefixUrlField(){const value=this.value.trim() if(value!==''&&value.indexOf('http')!==0){this.value='http://'+value}} const urlFields=document.querySelectorAll('.mc4wp-form input[type="url"]') for(let j=0;j<urlFields.length;j++){urlFields[j].addEventListener('blur',maybePrefixUrlField)}})()</script><style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'>.wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-1{flex-direction:column;align-items:center;}.wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-2{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}</style> <script id="embedpress-front-js-extra" type="litespeed/javascript">var eplocalize={"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/mappery.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","is_pro_plugin_active":"","nonce":"5946c06755"}</script> <script type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script id="boxzilla-js-extra" type="litespeed/javascript">var boxzilla_options={"testMode":"","boxes":[{"id":7327,"icon":"×","content":"","css":{"position":"center"},"trigger":{"method":"time_on_page","value":"5"},"animation":"fade","cookie":{"triggered":0,"dismissed":720},"rehide":!1,"position":"center","screenWidthCondition":null,"closable":!0,"post":{"id":7327,"title":"Mail List Pop Up","slug":"mail-list-pop-up"}}]}</script> <script id="jetpack-stats-js-before" type="litespeed/javascript">_stq=window._stq||[];_stq.push(["view",JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"171500587\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"1\",\"srv\":\"mappery.org\",\"j\":\"1:14.5\"}")]);_stq.push(["clickTrackerInit","171500587","0"])</script> <script src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202514.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" defer data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script data-no-optimize="1">!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function i(t){return e({},it,t)}function o(t,e){var n,a="LazyLoad::Initialized",i=new t(e);try{n=new CustomEvent(a,{detail:{instance:i}})}catch(t){(n=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent(a,!1,!1,{instance:i})}window.dispatchEvent(n)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,bt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,bt,e)}function r(t){return s(t,null),0}function u(t){return null===c(t)}function d(t){return c(t)===vt}function f(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function _(t,e){nt?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" ":"")+e}function v(t,e){nt?t.classList.remove(e):t.className=t.className.replace(new RegExp("(^|\\s+)"+e+"(\\s+|$)")," ").replace(/^\s+/,"").replace(/\s+$/,"")}function g(t){return t.llTempImage}function b(t,e){!e||(e=e._observer)&&e.unobserve(t)}function p(t,e){t&&(t.loadingCount+=e)}function h(t,e){t&&(t.toLoadCount=e)}function n(t){for(var e,n=[],a=0;e=t.children[a];a+=1)"SOURCE"===e.tagName&&n.push(e);return n}function m(t,e){(t=t.parentNode)&&"PICTURE"===t.tagName&&n(t).forEach(e)}function a(t,e){n(t).forEach(e)}function E(t){return!!t[st]}function I(t){return t[st]}function y(t){return delete t[st]}function A(e,t){var n;E(e)||(n={},t.forEach(function(t){n[t]=e.getAttribute(t)}),e[st]=n)}function k(a,t){var i;E(a)&&(i=I(a),t.forEach(function(t){var e,n;e=a,(t=i[n=t])?e.setAttribute(n,t):e.removeAttribute(n)}))}function L(t,e,n){_(t,e.class_loading),s(t,ut),n&&(p(n,1),f(e.callback_loading,t,n))}function w(t,e,n){n&&t.setAttribute(e,n)}function x(t,e){w(t,ct,l(t,e.data_sizes)),w(t,rt,l(t,e.data_srcset)),w(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src))}function O(t,e,n){var a=l(t,e.data_bg_multi),i=l(t,e.data_bg_multi_hidpi);(a=at&&i?i:a)&&(t.style.backgroundImage=a,n=n,_(t=t,(e=e).class_applied),s(t,ft),n&&(e.unobserve_completed&&b(t,e),f(e.callback_applied,t,n)))}function N(t,e){!e||0<e.loadingCount||0<e.toLoadCount||f(t.callback_finish,e)}function C(t,e,n){t.addEventListener(e,n),t.llEvLisnrs[e]=n}function M(t){return!!t.llEvLisnrs}function z(t){if(M(t)){var e,n,a=t.llEvLisnrs;for(e in a){var i=a[e];n=e,i=i,t.removeEventListener(n,i)}delete t.llEvLisnrs}}function R(t,e,n){var a;delete t.llTempImage,p(n,-1),(a=n)&&--a.toLoadCount,v(t,e.class_loading),e.unobserve_completed&&b(t,n)}function T(o,r,c){var l=g(o)||o;M(l)||function(t,e,n){M(t)||(t.llEvLisnrs={});var a="VIDEO"===t.tagName?"loadeddata":"load";C(t,a,e),C(t,"error",n)}(l,function(t){var e,n,a,i;n=r,a=c,i=d(e=o),R(e,n,a),_(e,n.class_loaded),s(e,dt),f(n.callback_loaded,e,a),i||N(n,a),z(l)},function(t){var e,n,a,i;n=r,a=c,i=d(e=o),R(e,n,a),_(e,n.class_error),s(e,_t),f(n.callback_error,e,a),i||N(n,a),z(l)})}function G(t,e,n){var a,i,o,r,c;t.llTempImage=document.createElement("IMG"),T(t,e,n),E(c=t)||(c[st]={backgroundImage:c.style.backgroundImage}),o=n,r=l(a=t,(i=e).data_bg),c=l(a,i.data_bg_hidpi),(r=at&&c?c:r)&&(a.style.backgroundImage='url("'.concat(r,'")'),g(a).setAttribute(ot,r),L(a,i,o)),O(t,e,n)}function D(t,e,n){var a;T(t,e,n),a=e,e=n,(t=It[(n=t).tagName])&&(t(n,a),L(n,a,e))}function V(t,e,n){var a;a=t,(-1<yt.indexOf(a.tagName)?D:G)(t,e,n)}function F(t,e,n){var a;t.setAttribute("loading","lazy"),T(t,e,n),a=e,(e=It[(n=t).tagName])&&e(n,a),s(t,vt)}function j(t){t.removeAttribute(ot),t.removeAttribute(rt),t.removeAttribute(ct)}function P(t){m(t,function(t){k(t,Et)}),k(t,Et)}function S(t){var e;(e=At[t.tagName])?e(t):E(e=t)&&(t=I(e),e.style.backgroundImage=t.backgroundImage)}function U(t,e){var n;S(t),n=e,u(e=t)||d(e)||(v(e,n.class_entered),v(e,n.class_exited),v(e,n.class_applied),v(e,n.class_loading),v(e,n.class_loaded),v(e,n.class_error)),r(t),y(t)}function $(t,e,n,a){var i;n.cancel_on_exit&&(c(t)!==ut||"IMG"===t.tagName&&(z(t),m(i=t,function(t){j(t)}),j(i),P(t),v(t,n.class_loading),p(a,-1),r(t),f(n.callback_cancel,t,e,a)))}function q(t,e,n,a){var i,o,r=(o=t,0<=pt.indexOf(c(o)));s(t,"entered"),_(t,n.class_entered),v(t,n.class_exited),i=t,o=a,n.unobserve_entered&&b(i,o),f(n.callback_enter,t,e,a),r||V(t,n,a)}function H(t){return t.use_native&&"loading"in HTMLImageElement.prototype}function B(t,i,o){t.forEach(function(t){return(a=t).isIntersecting||0<a.intersectionRatio?q(t.target,t,i,o):(e=t.target,n=t,a=i,t=o,void(u(e)||(_(e,a.class_exited),$(e,n,a,t),f(a.callback_exit,e,n,t))));var e,n,a})}function J(e,n){var t;et&&!H(e)&&(n._observer=new IntersectionObserver(function(t){B(t,e,n)},{root:(t=e).container===document?null:t.container,rootMargin:t.thresholds||t.threshold+"px"}))}function K(t){return Array.prototype.slice.call(t)}function Q(t){return t.container.querySelectorAll(t.elements_selector)}function W(t){return c(t)===_t}function X(t,e){return e=t||Q(e),K(e).filter(u)}function Y(e,t){var n;(n=Q(e),K(n).filter(W)).forEach(function(t){v(t,e.class_error),r(t)}),t.update()}function t(t,e){var n,a,t=i(t);this._settings=t,this.loadingCount=0,J(t,this),n=t,a=this,Z&&window.addEventListener("online",function(){Y(n,a)}),this.update(e)}var Z="undefined"!=typeof window,tt=Z&&!("onscroll"in window)||"undefined"!=typeof navigator&&/(gle|ing|ro)bot|crawl|spider/i.test(navigator.userAgent),et=Z&&"IntersectionObserver"in window,nt=Z&&"classList"in document.createElement("p"),at=Z&&1<window.devicePixelRatio,it={elements_selector:".lazy",container:tt||Z?document:null,threshold:300,thresholds:null,data_src:"src",data_srcset:"srcset",data_sizes:"sizes",data_bg:"bg",data_bg_hidpi:"bg-hidpi",data_bg_multi:"bg-multi",data_bg_multi_hidpi:"bg-multi-hidpi",data_poster:"poster",class_applied:"applied",class_loading:"litespeed-loading",class_loaded:"litespeed-loaded",class_error:"error",class_entered:"entered",class_exited:"exited",unobserve_completed:!0,unobserve_entered:!1,cancel_on_exit:!0,callback_enter:null,callback_exit:null,callback_applied:null,callback_loading:null,callback_loaded:null,callback_error:null,callback_finish:null,callback_cancel:null,use_native:!1},ot="src",rt="srcset",ct="sizes",lt="poster",st="llOriginalAttrs",ut="loading",dt="loaded",ft="applied",_t="error",vt="native",gt="data-",bt="ll-status",pt=[ut,dt,ft,_t],ht=[ot],mt=[ot,lt],Et=[ot,rt,ct],It={IMG:function(t,e){m(t,function(t){A(t,Et),x(t,e)}),A(t,Et),x(t,e)},IFRAME:function(t,e){A(t,ht),w(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src))},VIDEO:function(t,e){a(t,function(t){A(t,ht),w(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src))}),A(t,mt),w(t,lt,l(t,e.data_poster)),w(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src)),t.load()}},yt=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"],At={IMG:P,IFRAME:function(t){k(t,ht)},VIDEO:function(t){a(t,function(t){k(t,ht)}),k(t,mt),t.load()}},kt=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"];return t.prototype={update:function(t){var e,n,a,i=this._settings,o=X(t,i);{if(h(this,o.length),!tt&&et)return H(i)?(e=i,n=this,o.forEach(function(t){-1!==kt.indexOf(t.tagName)&&F(t,e,n)}),void h(n,0)):(t=this._observer,i=o,t.disconnect(),a=t,void i.forEach(function(t){a.observe(t)}));this.loadAll(o)}},destroy:function(){this._observer&&this._observer.disconnect(),Q(this._settings).forEach(function(t){y(t)}),delete this._observer,delete this._settings,delete this.loadingCount,delete this.toLoadCount},loadAll:function(t){var e=this,n=this._settings;X(t,n).forEach(function(t){b(t,e),V(t,n,e)})},restoreAll:function(){var e=this._settings;Q(e).forEach(function(t){U(t,e)})}},t.load=function(t,e){e=i(e);V(t,e)},t.resetStatus=function(t){r(t)},Z&&function(t,e){if(e)if(e.length)for(var n,a=0;n=e[a];a+=1)o(t,n);else o(t,e)}(t,window.lazyLoadOptions),t});!function(e,t){"use strict";function a(){t.body.classList.add("litespeed_lazyloaded")}function n(){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Start Lazy Load Images"),d=new LazyLoad({elements_selector:"[data-lazyloaded]",callback_finish:a}),o=function(){d.update()},e.MutationObserver&&new MutationObserver(o).observe(t.documentElement,{childList:!0,subtree:!0,attributes:!0})}var d,o;e.addEventListener?e.addEventListener("load",n,!1):e.attachEvent("onload",n)}(window,document);</script><script data-no-optimize="1">var litespeed_vary=document.cookie.replace(/(?:(?:^|.*;\s*)_lscache_vary\s*\=\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$/,"");litespeed_vary||fetch("/wp-content/plugins/litespeed-cache/guest.vary.php",{method:"POST",cache:"no-cache",redirect:"follow"}).then(e=>e.json()).then(e=>{console.log(e),e.hasOwnProperty("reload")&&"yes"==e.reload&&(sessionStorage.setItem("litespeed_docref",document.referrer),window.location.reload(!0))});</script><script data-optimized="1" type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://mappery.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/d796a40ddec9e38cf3356c93a0bdb43f.js?ver=2bc6f"></script><script>const litespeed_ui_events=["mouseover","click","keydown","wheel","touchmove","touchstart"];var urlCreator=window.URL||window.webkitURL;function litespeed_load_delayed_js_force(){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Start Load JS Delayed"),litespeed_ui_events.forEach(e=>{window.removeEventListener(e,litespeed_load_delayed_js_force,{passive:!0})}),document.querySelectorAll("iframe[data-litespeed-src]").forEach(e=>{e.setAttribute("src",e.getAttribute("data-litespeed-src"))}),"loading"==document.readyState?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",litespeed_load_delayed_js):litespeed_load_delayed_js()}litespeed_ui_events.forEach(e=>{window.addEventListener(e,litespeed_load_delayed_js_force,{passive:!0})});async function litespeed_load_delayed_js(){let t=[];for(var d in document.querySelectorAll('script[type="litespeed/javascript"]').forEach(e=>{t.push(e)}),t)await new Promise(e=>litespeed_load_one(t[d],e));document.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLiteSpeedLoaded")),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLiteSpeedLoaded"))}function litespeed_load_one(t,e){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Load ",t);var d=document.createElement("script");d.addEventListener("load",e),d.addEventListener("error",e),t.getAttributeNames().forEach(e=>{"type"!=e&&d.setAttribute("data-src"==e?"src":e,t.getAttribute(e))});let a=!(d.type="text/javascript");!d.src&&t.textContent&&(d.src=litespeed_inline2src(t.textContent),a=!0),t.after(d),t.remove(),a&&e()}function litespeed_inline2src(t){try{var d=urlCreator.createObjectURL(new Blob([t.replace(/^(?:)?$/gm,"$1")],{type:"text/javascript"}))}catch(e){d="data:text/javascript;base64,"+btoa(t.replace(/^(?:)?$/gm,"$1"))}return d}</script></body></html>