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href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vital_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vital_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Vital statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vital_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Religious groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Jews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Udmurtia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 118 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Udmurt" title="Republik Udmurt – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Republik Udmurt" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedmoerti%C3%AB" title="Oedmoertië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oedmoertië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A1%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%99%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B2%E1%8B%AB" title="ኡድሙርቲያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኡድሙርቲያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="أودمورتيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أودمورتيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtiya" title="Udmurtiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Udmurtiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اودمورتیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اودمورتیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Удмурт Республикаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Удмурт Республикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Удмурція – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Удмурція" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Удмуртыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Удмуртыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Удмуртия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Удмуртия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtija" title="Udmurtija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Udmurtija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudmourtia" title="Oudmourtia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oudmourtia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Удмурти – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Удмурти" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udm%C3%BArtia" title="Udmúrtia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Udmúrtia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Удмурт Республики – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Удмурт Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtskaya_Respublika" title="Udmurtskaya Respublika – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Udmurtskaya Respublika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtsko" title="Udmurtsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Udmurtsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikken_Udmurtien" title="Republikken Udmurtien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Republikken Udmurtien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtien" title="Udmurtien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Udmurtien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CF%84" title="Δημοκρατία των Ουντμούρτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δημοκρατία των Ουντμούρτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Удмуртонь Республикась – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Удмуртонь Республикась" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtio" title="Udmurtio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Udmurtio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اودمورتیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اودمورتیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudmourtie" title="Oudmourtie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oudmourtie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedmoersje" title="Oedmoersje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oedmoersje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Udmairt" title="An Udmairt – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Udmairt" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Udmurt" title="Yn Udmurt – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Udmurt" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtiya" title="Udmurtiya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Udmurtiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia_Khiung-f%C3%B2-koet" title="Udmurtia Khiung-fò-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Udmurtia Khiung-fò-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%AC%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%BC_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="우드무르티야 공화국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우드무르티야 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ուդմուրտիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուդմուրտիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उदमूर्तिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उदमूर्तिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtska" title="Udmurtska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Udmurtska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtija" title="Udmurtija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Udmurtija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utumurtia" title="Utumurtia – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Utumurtia" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Удмурти – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Удмурти" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Adm%C3%BArt%C3%ADa" title="Údmúrtía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Údmúrtía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94" title="אודמורטיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אודמורטיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Удмуртия – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Удмуртия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="უდმურტეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უდმურტეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%99dm%C3%B9rcj%C3%B4" title="Ùdmùrcjô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ùdmùrcjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ұдмұртия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұдмұртия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udimuritiya" title="Udimuritiya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Udimuritiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Удмуртия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Удмуртия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Удмуртия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Удмуртия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtija" title="Udmurtija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Udmurtija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtija" title="Udmurtija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Udmurtija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtii" title="Udmurtii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Udmurtii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtf%C3%B6ld" title="Udmurtföld – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Udmurtföld" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Удмуртија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Удмуртија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उद्मुर्तिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उद्मुर्तिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="უდმურტეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უდმურტეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اودمورتيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اودمورتيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اودمورت جمهوری – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اودمورت جمهوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Удмуртия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Удмуртия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Удмурт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Удмурт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedmoerti%C3%AB" title="Oedmoertië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oedmoertië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%89%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="ウドムルト共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウドムルト共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Удмурти – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Удмурти" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmuurtien" title="Udmuurtien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Udmuurtien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Одо Эл – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Одо Эл" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtiya" title="Udmurtiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Udmurtiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ادمرتیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ادمرتیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="ادمورتيا جمهوريت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ادمورتيا جمهوريت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Удмурт Республика – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Удмурт Республика" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurcja" title="Udmurcja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Udmurcja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udm%C3%BArtia" title="Udmúrtia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Udmúrtia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtiya" title="Udmurtiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Udmurtiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Удмуртия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Удмуртия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Удмуртия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Удмуртия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ادمورتیا جمہوریہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ادمورتیا جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtie" title="Udmurtie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Udmurtie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اڊمورتيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اڊمورتيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtsko" title="Udmurtsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Udmurtsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtija" title="Udmurtija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Udmurtija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurcyj%C5%8F" title="Udmurcyjŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Udmurcyjŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Удмуртија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Удмуртија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtija" title="Udmurtija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Udmurtija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtien" title="Udmurtien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Udmurtien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="உத்மூர்த்தியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உத்மூர்த்தியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Удмуртия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Удмуртия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95" title="สาธารณรัฐอุดมูร์ต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐอุดมูร์ต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtya" title="Udmurtya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Udmurtya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Удмуртия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Удмуртия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Удмуртія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Удмуртія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ادمورتیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ادمورتیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%87%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئۇدمۇرتىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئۇدمۇرتىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtijan_Tazovaldkund" title="Udmurtijan Tazovaldkund – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Udmurtijan Tazovaldkund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurdimaa" title="Udmurdimaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Udmurdimaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Udmurtia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="乌德穆尔特共和国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乌德穆尔特共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%BE%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9" title="烏德穆爾特 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="烏德穆爾特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtiya" title="Udmurtiya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Udmurtiya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="乌德穆尔特共和国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乌德穆尔特共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Udmurtia%22">"Udmurtia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Udmurtia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Udmurtia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Udmurtia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Udmurtia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Udmurtia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First-level administrative division of Russia</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Republic in Volga, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Udmurt Republic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republic</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Удмуртская Республика</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_language" title="Udmurt language">Udmurt</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Udmurt-language text"><span lang="udm">Удмурт Элькун</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Udmurt Republic"><img alt="Flag of Udmurt Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg/115px-Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg/173px-Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg/230px-Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="270" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Udmurtia" title="Flag of Udmurtia">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Udmurt Republic"><img alt="Coat of arms of Udmurt Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="879" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia" title="Coat of arms of Udmurtia">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Udmurt_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Anthem of the Udmurt Republic">National Anthem of the Udmurt Republic</a><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="78" data-mwtitle="National_Anthem_of_Udmurtia.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/National_Anthem_of_Udmurtia.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/National_Anthem_of_Udmurtia.ogg/National_Anthem_of_Udmurtia.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Russia_(2014%E2%80%932022)_-_Udmurtia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Udmurtia.svg/300px-Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Udmurtia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Udmurtia.svg/450px-Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Udmurtia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Udmurtia.svg/600px-Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Udmurtia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1541" data-file-height="847" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="250" data-zoom="4" data-overlays="["_ef7d03010a4e3eb3ed68d2848ef9f1647ef726f1"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,270x250.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Udmurtia&revid=1271202519&groups=_ef7d03010a4e3eb3ed68d2848ef9f1647ef726f1" width="270" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,270x250@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Udmurtia&revid=1271202519&groups=_ef7d03010a4e3eb3ed68d2848ef9f1647ef726f1 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Russia_laea_location_map_(Crimea_disputed).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Udmurt Republic is located in European Russia"><img alt="Udmurt Republic is located in European Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/European_Russia_laea_location_map_%28Crimea_disputed%29.jpg/250px-European_Russia_laea_location_map_%28Crimea_disputed%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/European_Russia_laea_location_map_%28Crimea_disputed%29.jpg/500px-European_Russia_laea_location_map_%28Crimea_disputed%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.303%;left:70.556%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Udmurt Republic"><img alt="Udmurt Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Udmurt Republic</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Udmurtia&params=57_17_N_52_45_E_type:adm1st_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">57°17′N</span> <span class="longitude">52°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">57.283°N 52.750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">57.283; 52.750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_districts_of_Russia" title="Federal districts of Russia">Federal district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Volga_Federal_District" title="Volga Federal District">Volga</a><sup id="cite_ref-FederalDistrict_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FederalDistrict-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ural_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural economic region">Ural</a><sup id="cite_ref-EconomicRegion_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EconomicRegion-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_Udmurt_Republic" title="State Council of the Udmurt Republic">State Council</a><sup id="cite_ref-HeadLegis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeadLegis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Udmurt_Republic" title="Head of the Udmurt Republic">Head</a><sup id="cite_ref-HeadLegis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeadLegis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Brechalov" title="Aleksandr Brechalov">Aleksandr Brechalov</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-area_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">42,061 km<sup>2</sup> (16,240 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2021_Russian_census" title="2021 Russian census">2021 census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2021census_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,452,914</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,513,044</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_population" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by population">32nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">35/km<sup>2</sup> (89/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">65.7%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">Rural</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">34.3%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Russia" title="Time in Russia">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B4" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+4">UTC+4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samara_Time" title="Samara Time">MSK+1</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422?uselang=en#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-vremeni_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vremeni-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">RU-UD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Russia" title="Vehicle registration plates of Russia">License plates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18</td></tr><tr class="18"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OKTMO" title="OKTMO">OKTMO</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">94000000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Russian_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russian-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_language" title="Udmurt language">Udmurt</a><sup id="cite_ref-Languages_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Languages-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.udmurt.ru/en/">http://www.udmurt.ru/en/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Udmurtia</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially the <b>Udmurt Republic</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">republic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. It is administratively part of the <a href="/wiki/Volga_Federal_District" title="Volga Federal District">Volga Federal District</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a>. </p><p>It was established as the Udmurt (until 1931 — Votskaya) <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">Autonomous Region</a> on November 4, 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Udmurt</i> comes from <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">odo-mort</i></span> ('meadow people'), where the first part represents the <a href="/wiki/Permic" class="mw-redirect" title="Permic">Permic</a> root <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">od</i></span> or <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">odo</i></span> ('meadow, glade, turf, greenery'). This is supported by a document dated 1557, in which the <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Udmurt people">Udmurts</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are referred to as <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">lugovye lyudi</i></span> ('meadow people'), alongside the traditional Russian name <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">otyaki</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second part <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">murt</i></span> means 'person' (cf. <a href="/wiki/Komi_language" title="Komi language">Komi</a> <span title="Komi-language romanization"><i lang="kv-Latn">mort</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Mari_language" title="Mari language">Mari</a> <span title="Mari (Russia)-language romanization"><i lang="chm-Latn">mari</i></span>). It is probably an early borrowing from a <a href="/wiki/Scythian_languages" title="Scythian languages">Scythian</a> language: <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">mertä</i></span> or <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">martiya</i></span> ('person, man'; Sanskrit: Manus or Manushya), which is thought to have been borrowed from the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Indo-Aryan</a> term <span title="Indic languages collective text"><i lang="inc">maryá-</i></span> ('man, mortal, one who is bound to die'. cf. <a href="/wiki/Old_Indic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Indic">Old Indic</a> <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">márya</i></span> ('young warrior') and <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">marut</i></span> ('chariot warrior'), both connected specifically with horses and chariots.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Indo-Europeanists" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Europeanists">Indo-Europeanists</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamaz_V._Gamkrelidze" title="Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze">T. Gamkrelidze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Vsevolodovich_Ivanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov">V. Ivanov</a> associate this word with horse-riding Altaic tribes in the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, in the Russian tradition, the name 'meadow people' refers to the inhabitants of the left bank of river in particular. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Recently, the most relevant is the version of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Napolskikh" title="Vladimir Napolskikh">V. V. Napolskikh</a> and S. K. Belykh. They suppose that ethnonym was borrowed either from <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a> <span title="Indo-Iranian languages collective text">*<i lang="iir">anta</i></span> 'outside, close, last, edge, limit, boundary' or Turkic-Altaic <span title="uncoded-language text">*<i lang="mis">anda</i></span>/<span title="uncoded-language text">*<i lang="mis">ant</i></span> 'oath (in fidelity), comrade, friend'.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Udmurt03.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Udmurt03.png/220px-Udmurt03.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Udmurt03.png/330px-Udmurt03.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Udmurt03.png/440px-Udmurt03.png 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Udmurt Republic.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Udmurtia" title="Category:History of Udmurtia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History of Udmurtia</a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Udmurt Republic"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Udmurt Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="879" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Bulgaria" title="Volga Bulgaria">Volga Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Volga_Bulgaria" title="Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria">Mongol invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kazan" title="Khanate of Kazan">Khanate of Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar_begs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar begs">Ar begs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Moscow">Muscovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_Governorate" title="Kazan Governorate">Kazan Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Udmurt Autonomous Oblast">Udmurt Autonomous Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Udmurt ASSR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Udmurt Republic</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Udmurtia" title="Template:History of Udmurtia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Udmurtia" title="Template talk:History of Udmurtia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Udmurtia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Udmurtia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On November 4, 1920, the Votyak Autonomous Oblast was formed.<sup id="cite_ref-1987USSR_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1987USSR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 1, 1932, it was renamed <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Udmurt Autonomous Oblast">Udmurt Autonomous Oblast</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was then reorganized into the <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Udmurt ASSR">Udmurt ASSR</a> on December 28, 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-1987USSR_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1987USSR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, many industrial factories were evacuated from the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> and western borderlands to Udmurtia. </p><p>On October 11, 1991, the Supreme Council of the Udmurt ASSR adopted a law according to which the Udmurt ASSR acquired a new name — the Udmurt Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The republic is located to the west of the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a> and borders <a href="/wiki/Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Udmurtia is a republic in the Russian Federation, located in Central Russia between the branches of the rivers <a href="/wiki/Kama_(river)" title="Kama (river)">Kama</a> and its right tributary the <a href="/wiki/Vyatka_(river)" title="Vyatka (river)">Vyatka</a>. </p><p>The city of Izhevsk is the administrative, industrial, and cultural center of Udmurtia. Geographically, it is located not far from Moscow, the capital and largest city of the Russian Federation. The city has a well-developed transport system (including air, land, and water). </p><p>Udmurtia borders Kirov Oblast to the west and north, Perm Oblast to the east, and the Bashkortostan and Tatarstan Republics to the south. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The republic has a moderate <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climate</a>, with warm summers and cold, snowy winters. Annual <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> averages 400–600 mm.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Average temperatures </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Month </th> <th>Average temperature </th></tr> <tr> <td>January </td> <td>−14.5 °C (5.9 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td>July </td> <td>+18.3 °C (64.9 °F) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Udmurtia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Udmurtia">Administrative divisions of Udmurtia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Population: <span class="nowrap">1,452,914 (<a href="/wiki/2021_Russian_census" title="2021 Russian census">2021 Census</a>)</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">1,521,420 (<a href="/wiki/2010_Russian_census" title="2010 Russian census">2010 Census</a>)</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">1,570,316 (<a href="/wiki/2002_Russian_census" title="2002 Russian census">2002 Census</a>)</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-PopCensus_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopCensus-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">1,609,003 (<a href="/wiki/1989_Soviet_census" title="1989 Soviet census">1989 Soviet census</a>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1989_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1989-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although as of 2007 the population was declining, the decline was stabilizing and was more pronounced in urban areas. Out of the 19,667 births reported in 2007, 12,631 were in urban areas (11.86 per 1,000) and 7,036 were in rural areas (14.88 per 1,000). Birth rates for rural areas are 25% higher than that of urban areas. Of the total of 21,727 deaths, 14,366 were reported in urban areas (13.49 per 1,000) and 7,361 were in rural areas (15.56 per 1,000). Natural decline of the population was measured at −0.16% for urban areas and an insignificant −0.07% for rural areas (the average for Russia was −0.33% in 2007).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlements">Settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Udmurtia</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">2010 Russian Census</div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Udmurt_Republic" title="Administrative divisions of the Udmurt Republic">Administrative Division</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%98%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA.%D0%A3%D0%BB.7-%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Izhevsk"><img alt="Izhevsk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%98%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA.%D0%A3%D0%BB.7-%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/120px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%98%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA.%D0%A3%D0%BB.7-%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%98%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA.%D0%A3%D0%BB.7-%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/250px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%98%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA.%D0%A3%D0%BB.7-%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarapul06st.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sarapul"><img alt="Sarapul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sarapul06st.jpg/120px-Sarapul06st.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sarapul06st.jpg/180px-Sarapul06st.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sarapul06st.jpg/240px-Sarapul06st.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3534" data-file-height="2634" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Sarapul" title="Sarapul">Sarapul</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">City of republic significance of Izhevsk</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">627,734 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Votkinsk_center.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Votkinsk"><img alt="Votkinsk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Votkinsk_center.jpg/120px-Votkinsk_center.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Votkinsk_center.jpg/180px-Votkinsk_center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Votkinsk_center.jpg/240px-Votkinsk_center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="395" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Votkinsk" title="Votkinsk">Votkinsk</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Centre_of_glazov.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glazov"><img alt="Glazov" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Centre_of_glazov.jpg/120px-Centre_of_glazov.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Centre_of_glazov.jpg/250px-Centre_of_glazov.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="418" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Glazov" title="Glazov">Glazov</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sarapul" title="Sarapul">Sarapul</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sarapul" title="Sarapul">City of republic significance of Sarapul</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">101,381 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Votkinsk" title="Votkinsk">Votkinsk</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Votkinsky_District" title="Votkinsky District">Votkinsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">99,022 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Glazov" title="Glazov">Glazov</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Glazovsky_District" title="Glazovsky District">Glazovsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">95,854 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mozhga" title="Mozhga">Mozhga</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mozhginsky_District" title="Mozhginsky District">Mozhginsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">47,961 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Igra" title="Igra">Igra</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Igrinsky_District" title="Igrinsky District">Igrinsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,737 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Uva,_Russia" title="Uva, Russia">Uva</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Uvinsky_District" title="Uvinsky District">Uvinsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,984 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Balezino" title="Balezino">Balezino</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Balezinsky_District" title="Balezinsky District">Balezinsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,121 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kez" title="Kez">Kez</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kezsky_District" title="Kezsky District">Kezsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,080 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kambarka" title="Kambarka">Kambarka</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kambarsky_District" title="Kambarsky District">Kambarsky District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,021 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">756,264</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,219,350</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+61.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,336,927</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,417,675</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,493,670</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+5.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,609,003</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,570,316</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,521,420</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,452,914</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vital_statistics">Vital statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vital statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th width="70pt">Average population (× 1,000) </th> <th width="70pt">Live births </th> <th width="70pt">Deaths </th> <th width="70pt">Natural change </th> <th width="70pt">Crude birth rate (per 1,000) </th> <th width="70pt">Crude death rate (per 1,000) </th> <th width="70pt">Natural change (per 1,000) </th> <th width="70pt">Total fertility rate </th></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td align="right">1,421 </td> <td align="right">23,286 </td> <td align="right">13,265 </td> <td align="right">10,021 </td> <td align="right">16.4 </td> <td align="right">9.3 </td> <td align="right">7.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td align="right">1,459 </td> <td align="right">26,497 </td> <td align="right">14,666 </td> <td align="right">11,831 </td> <td align="right">18.2 </td> <td align="right">10.1 </td> <td align="right">8.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td align="right">1,508 </td> <td align="right">27,601 </td> <td align="right">16,862 </td> <td align="right">10,739 </td> <td align="right">18.3 </td> <td align="right">11.2 </td> <td align="right">7.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td align="right">1,562 </td> <td align="right">29,343 </td> <td align="right">17,553 </td> <td align="right">11,790 </td> <td align="right">18.8 </td> <td align="right">11.2 </td> <td align="right">7.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td align="right">1,614 </td> <td align="right">24,345 </td> <td align="right">15,816 </td> <td align="right">8,529 </td> <td align="right">15.1 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right">5.3 </td> <td align="right">2.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td align="right">1,619 </td> <td align="right">22,213 </td> <td align="right">16,002 </td> <td align="right">6,211 </td> <td align="right">13.7 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td align="right">3.8 </td> <td align="right">1.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td align="right">1,623 </td> <td align="right">20,074 </td> <td align="right">18,063 </td> <td align="right">2,011 </td> <td align="right">12.4 </td> <td align="right">11.1 </td> <td align="right">1.2 </td> <td align="right">1.73 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td align="right">1,622 </td> <td align="right">17,126 </td> <td align="right">21,923 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4,797 </td> <td align="right">10.6 </td> <td align="right">13.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3.0 </td> <td align="right">1.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td align="right">1,619 </td> <td align="right">16,874 </td> <td align="right">24,183 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−7,309 </td> <td align="right">10.4 </td> <td align="right">14.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4.5 </td> <td align="right">1.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td align="right">1,615 </td> <td align="right">15,484 </td> <td align="right">22,445 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−6,961 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">13.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4.3 </td> <td align="right">1.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td align="right">1,610 </td> <td align="right">14,877 </td> <td align="right">20,641 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−5,764 </td> <td align="right">9.2 </td> <td align="right">12.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">1.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td align="right">1,606 </td> <td align="right">15,368 </td> <td align="right">19,881 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4,513 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">12.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−2.8 </td> <td align="right">1.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td align="right">1,603 </td> <td align="right">16,130 </td> <td align="right">19,080 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−2,950 </td> <td align="right">10.1 </td> <td align="right">11.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−1.8 </td> <td align="right">1.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td align="right">1,598 </td> <td align="right">15,793 </td> <td align="right">20,745 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4,952 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td align="right">13.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3.1 </td> <td align="right">1.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td align="right">1,592 </td> <td align="right">16,256 </td> <td align="right">21,852 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−5,596 </td> <td align="right">10.2 </td> <td align="right">13.7 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3.5 </td> <td align="right">1.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td align="right">1,583 </td> <td align="right">16,636 </td> <td align="right">22,810 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−6,174 </td> <td align="right">10.5 </td> <td align="right">14.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3.9 </td> <td align="right">1.38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td align="right">1,572 </td> <td align="right">17,746 </td> <td align="right">24,520 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−6,774 </td> <td align="right">11.3 </td> <td align="right">15.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4.3 </td> <td align="right">1.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td align="right">1,561 </td> <td align="right">17,982 </td> <td align="right">24,571 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−6,589 </td> <td align="right">11.5 </td> <td align="right">15.7 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4.2 </td> <td align="right">1.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td align="right">1,552 </td> <td align="right">18,238 </td> <td align="right">23,994 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−5,756 </td> <td align="right">11.7 </td> <td align="right">15.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3.7 </td> <td align="right">1.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td align="right">1,543 </td> <td align="right">17,190 </td> <td align="right">24,006 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−6,816 </td> <td align="right">11.1 </td> <td align="right">15.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4.4 </td> <td align="right">1.38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td align="right">1,535 </td> <td align="right">17,480 </td> <td align="right">22,011 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−4,531 </td> <td align="right">11.4 </td> <td align="right">14.3 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−3.0 </td> <td align="right">1.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td align="right">1,529 </td> <td align="right">19,667 </td> <td align="right">21,727 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−2,060 </td> <td align="right">12.9 </td> <td align="right">14.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−1.3 </td> <td align="right">1.57 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td align="right">1,525 </td> <td align="right">20,421 </td> <td align="right">21,436 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−1,015 </td> <td align="right">13.4 </td> <td align="right">14.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−0.7 </td> <td align="right">1.65 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td align="right">1,523 </td> <td align="right">21,109 </td> <td align="right">20,227 </td> <td align="right">882 </td> <td align="right">13.9 </td> <td align="right">13.3 </td> <td align="right">0.6 </td> <td align="right">1.71 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td align="right">1,522 </td> <td align="right">21,684 </td> <td align="right">21,100 </td> <td align="right">584 </td> <td align="right">14.3 </td> <td align="right">13.9 </td> <td align="right">0.4 </td> <td align="right">1.78 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td align="right">1,519 </td> <td align="right">21,905 </td> <td align="right">20,358 </td> <td align="right">1,547 </td> <td align="right">14.4 </td> <td align="right">13.4 </td> <td align="right">1.0 </td> <td align="right">1.83 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td align="right">1,518 </td> <td align="right">23,225 </td> <td align="right">19,526 </td> <td align="right">3,699 </td> <td align="right">15.3 </td> <td align="right">12.9 </td> <td align="right">2.4 </td> <td align="right">1.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td align="right">1,517 </td> <td align="right">22,138 </td> <td align="right">19,332 </td> <td align="right">2,806 </td> <td align="right">14.6 </td> <td align="right">12.7 </td> <td align="right">1.9 </td> <td align="right">1.92 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td align="right">1,517 </td> <td align="right">22,060 </td> <td align="right">19,461 </td> <td align="right">2,599 </td> <td align="right">14.5 </td> <td align="right">12.8 </td> <td align="right">1.7 </td> <td align="right">1.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td align="right">1,517 </td> <td align="right">22,195 </td> <td align="right">19,533 </td> <td align="right">2,662 </td> <td align="right">14.6 </td> <td align="right">12.9 </td> <td align="right">1.7 </td> <td align="right">2.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td align="right">1,517 </td> <td align="right">21,024 </td> <td align="right">19,090 </td> <td align="right">1,934 </td> <td align="right">13.8 </td> <td align="right">12.6 </td> <td align="right">1.2 </td> <td align="right">1.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td align="right">1,515 </td> <td align="right">17,954 </td> <td align="right">18,130 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">−176 </td> <td align="right">11.9 </td> <td align="right">12.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.1 </td> <td align="right">1.72 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>TFR source<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2021)">2021 Census</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> make up 67.7% of the republic's population, while the ethnic <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Udmurt people">Udmurts</a> make up only 24.1%. Other groups include <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> (5.5%), <a href="/wiki/Mari_people" title="Mari people">Mari</a> (0.5%), <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> (0.3%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the republic's total population. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th rowspan="2">Ethnic<br />group </th> <th colspan="2">1926 Census<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1970 Census<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1979 Census<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1989 Census<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2002 Census<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2010 Census<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2021 Census<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Udmurts" title="Udmurts">Udmurts</a> </td> <td>395,607 </td> <td>52.3% </td> <td rowspan="2">484,168 </td> <td rowspan="2">34.2% </td> <td rowspan="2">479,702 </td> <td rowspan="2">32.1% </td> <td rowspan="2">496,522 </td> <td rowspan="2">30.9% </td> <td>460,584 </td> <td>29.3% </td> <td>410,584 </td> <td>28.0% </td> <td>299,874 </td> <td>24.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a> </td> <td>9,200 </td> <td>1.2% </td> <td>2,998 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>2,111 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>1,903 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> </td> <td>327,493 </td> <td>43.3% </td> <td>809,563 </td> <td>57.1% </td> <td>870,270 </td> <td>58.3% </td> <td>945,216 </td> <td>58.9% </td> <td>944,108 </td> <td>60.1% </td> <td>912,539 </td> <td>62.2% </td> <td>841,581 </td> <td>67.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> </td> <td>17,135 </td> <td>2.3% </td> <td>87,150 </td> <td>6.1% </td> <td>99,139 </td> <td>6.6% </td> <td>110,490 </td> <td>6.9% </td> <td>109,218 </td> <td>7.0% </td> <td>98,831 </td> <td>6.7% </td> <td>67,964 </td> <td>5.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Others </td> <td>6,781 </td> <td>0.9% </td> <td>36,794 </td> <td>2.6% </td> <td>43,061 </td> <td>2.9% </td> <td>53,435 </td> <td>3.3% </td> <td>53,408 </td> <td>3.4% </td> <td>42,558 </td> <td>2.9% </td> <td>31,540 </td> <td>2.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="19" align="left"><sup>1</sup> <small>210,052 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.</small><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Over two-thirds of the world population of Udmurts live in the republic.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_groups">Religious groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religious groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Udmurtia as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)<sup id="cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2012Arena-religion-maps_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012Arena-religion-maps-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodoxy">Russian Orthodoxy</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkOrchid; width:33.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">33.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:MediumOrchid; width:2.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Purple; width:0.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Russia" title="Protestantism in Russia">Protestantism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Navy; width:1.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Russia" title="Christianity in Russia">Christians</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:5.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Russia" title="Islam in Russia">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:4.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Rodnovery" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodnovery">Rodnovery</a> and other native faiths</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Red; width:1.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_but_not_religious" title="Spiritual but not religious">Spiritual but not religious</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkSlateGray; width:29%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">29%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Black; width:19.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">19.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other and undeclared</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gray; width:3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>According to a 2012 survey,<sup id="cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 33.1% of the population of Udmurtia adheres to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>, 5% are <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">unaffiliated</a> generic <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, 2% are Eastern Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or members of other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox church">Eastern Orthodox churches</a>, 4% are <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>, 2% of the population adheres to the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_native_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic native faith">Slavic native faith</a> (Rodnovery) or to <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Vos" title="Udmurt Vos">Udmurt Vos</a> (Udmurt native faith), 1% adheres to forms of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, and 1% of the population are <a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a>. In addition, 29% of the population declares to be "<a href="/wiki/Spiritual_but_not_religious" title="Spiritual but not religious">spiritual but not religious</a>," 19% is <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a>, and 3.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.<sup id="cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The local Russian Orthodox Church is the Metropolitanate of Udmurtia, comprising the Eparchy of Izhevsk (founded 1927) under Bishop and Metropolitan Viktorin (Kostenkov) (2015), the Eparchy of Glazov (founded 1889) under Bishop Viktor (Sergeyev), and the Eparchy of Sarapul (founded 1868) under Bishop Anthony (Prostikhin) (2015). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jews">Jews</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Udmurtia_and_Tatarstan" title="History of the Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan">History of the Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan</a></div> <p>Udmurt Jews are a special territorial group of the <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a>, which started to be formed in the residential areas of mixed Turkic-speaking (<a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash people</a>), Finno-Ugric-speaking (<a href="/wiki/Udmurts" title="Udmurts">Udmurts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mari_people" title="Mari people">Mari people</a>) and Slavic-speaking (<a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a>) population. The <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a> on the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Udmurt Republic">Udmurt Republic</a> first appeared in the 1830s.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lechaim.ru_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lechaim.ru-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-migdal.org.ua_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-migdal.org.ua-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Udmurt Jewry had formed the local <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">variety</a> on the base of the Yiddish of Udmurtia till the 1930s and features of Yiddish of migrants "joined" into it (in the 1930s and 1940s);<sup id="cite_ref-snioo.ru_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snioo.ru-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a result up to the 1970s and 1980s the Udmurt variety of Yiddish (<i><a href="/wiki/Udmurtish" class="mw-redirect" title="Udmurtish">Udmurtish</a></i>) was divided into two linguistic subgroups: the central subgroup (with centers <a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarapul" title="Sarapul">Sarapul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Votkinsk" title="Votkinsk">Votkinsk</a>) and the southern subgroup (with centers <a href="/wiki/Kambarka" title="Kambarka">Kambarka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alnashi" title="Alnashi">Alnashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agryz" title="Agryz">Agryz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Naberezhnye_Chelny" title="Naberezhnye Chelny">Naberezhnye Chelny</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-snioo.ru_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snioo.ru-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the characteristic features of the Udmurtish is a noticeable number of <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_language" title="Udmurt language">Udmurt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a> loan words.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_cuisine" title="Udmurt cuisine">Udmurt cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_in_Udmurtia" title="Music in Udmurtia">Music in Udmurtia</a></div> <p>Udmurt folklore is understood both in a broad sense (<span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">kalyk oner</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">kalyk todon-valan</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">kalyk viz</i></span> - folk knowledge, folk wisdom), and in a narrower one (<span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">kalyk kylos</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">kalyk kylburet</i></span> - folk poetry, oral poetry). In everyday life, folklore is not divided into genres, it is perceived in unity with material culture, with religious, legal, and ethical aspects. Popular terms-definitions have incorporated the ritual action (<span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">syam</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">nerge</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">yilol</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">kiston</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">kuyaskon</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">syuan</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">madiskon</i></span>), symbolically figurative and magically forming words (<span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">madkyl</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">vyzhykyl</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">tunkyl</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">kylbur</i></span>), musical and choreographic behavior (<span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">krez</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">gur</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">shudon-serekyan</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">thatchan</i></span>, <span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">ecton</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Удмуртия</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Udmurtiya</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ʊˈdmurtʲɪjə]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_language" title="Udmurt language">Udmurt</a>: <span lang="udm">Удмуртия</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">Udmurtija</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Удмуртская Республика</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Udmurtskaya Respublika</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_language" title="Udmurt language">Udmurt</a>: <span lang="udm">Удмурт Республика/Элькун</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Udmurt-language romanization"><i lang="udm-Latn">Udmurt Respublika/Eľkun</i></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FederalDistrict-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FederalDistrict_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г.</span></span> (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 <i>On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District</i>. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EconomicRegion-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EconomicRegion_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР.</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Gosstandart" title="Gosstandart">Gosstandart</a> of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 <i>Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions</i>, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1987USSR-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1987USSR_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1987USSR_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1987USSR_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Union Republics. 1987.</i>, p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HeadLegis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HeadLegis_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeadLegis_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitution, Article 9.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-area-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-area_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209085730/https://rosreestr.gov.ru/upload/Doc/06-upr/Ф.%2022%20за%202019%20год%20(по%20субъектам%20РФ).doc">"Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Service_for_State_Registration,_Cadastre_and_Cartography" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography">Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fdocbody%3D%26prevDoc%3D102483854%26backlink%3D1%26%26nd%3D102148085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russian-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Russian_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Constitution of Russia</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Languages-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Languages_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitution, Article 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vs.udm.sudrf.ru/modules.php?id=17&name=info_court">"Государственная автоматизированная система Российской Федерации «Правосудие» (17 марта 2010)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5%C2%BB+%2817+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0+2010%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvs.udm.sudrf.ru%2Fmodules.php%3Fid%3D17%26name%3Dinfo_court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/vasmer/49476/уд">"уд | это... Что такое уд?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D1%83%D0%B4+%26%23124%3B+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE...+%D0%A7%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%83%D0%B4%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdic.academic.ru%2Fdic.nsf%2Fvasmer%2F49476%2F%D1%83%D0%B4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A.G. Ivanov, "Udmurty – 'Lugovye lyudi'", <i>Linguistica Uralica</i> Vol. 27, No. 3 (1991), pp. 188–92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher I. Beckwith. Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2009. Page 397.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Matasović (2009): Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Gamkrelidze & V. Ivanov (1995): Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans, p. 472-473.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udmurt.info/library/belykh/udmetn.htm">"Этноним удмурт: исчерпаны ли альтернативы?"</a>. <i>www.udmurt.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.udmurt.info&rft.atitle=%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%3A+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.udmurt.info%2Flibrary%2Fbelykh%2Fudmetn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFНовости2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Новости, Р. И. А. (October 31, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20191031/1560441690.html">"Удмуртская Республика"</a>. <i>РИА Новости</i> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=2019-10-31&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0.+%D0%98.+%D0%90.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20191031%2F1560441690.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://udmurt.media/rubrics/obshchestvo/93166-vremya_peremen_verkhovnyy_sovet_udmurtii_v_epokhu_devyanostykh_/?ysclid=lyo465ow7r288034001">"Время перемен: Верховный Совет Удмуртии в эпоху девяностых"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%3A+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%83+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fudmurt.media%2Frubrics%2Fobshchestvo%2F93166-vremya_peremen_verkhovnyy_sovet_udmurtii_v_epokhu_devyanostykh_%2F%3Fysclid%3Dlyo465ow7r288034001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_W._Orttung2000" class="citation book cs1">Robert W. Orttung; et al. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VroABgoe4-EC&q=udmurtia&pg=PA589">"Republic of Udmurtia"</a>. <i>The Republics and Regions of the Russian Federation: A Guide to Politics, Policies and Leaders</i>. <a href="/wiki/EastWest_Institute" title="EastWest Institute">EastWest Institute</a>. p. 586. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780765605597" title="Special:BookSources/9780765605597"><bdi>9780765605597</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Republic+of+Udmurtia&rft.btitle=The+Republics+and+Regions+of+the+Russian+Federation%3A+A+Guide+to+Politics%2C+Policies+and+Leaders&rft.pages=586&rft.pub=EastWest+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780765605597&rft.au=Robert+W.+Orttung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVroABgoe4-EC%26q%3Dudmurtia%26pg%3DPA589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021Census-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn/2020/Tom1_Chislennost_i_razmeshchenie_naseleniya"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2020+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fvpn%2F2020%2FTom1_Chislennost_i_razmeshchenie_naseleniya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010Census-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]</bdi> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopCensus-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PopCensus_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFederal_State_Statistics_Service2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a> (May 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls"><bdi lang="ru">Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек</bdi></a> [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002]</bdi> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%E2%80%93+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+3+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.date=2004-05-21&rft.au=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Fct%2Fdoc%2F1_TOM_01_04.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1989-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1989_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php"><bdi lang="ru">Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров</bdi></a> [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. <bdi lang="ru">Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989]</bdi> (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via <i>Demoscope Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+1989+%D0%B3.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BB-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%3A+%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%5BInstitute+of+Demography+at+the+National+Research+University%3A+Higher+School+of+Economics%5D&rft.date=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Frus89_reg.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru">"Главная::Федеральная служба государственной статистики"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%3A%3A%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312">"Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%3A%3A%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2Frosstat_main%2Frosstat%2Fru%2Fstatistics%2Fpublications%2Fcatalog%2Fdoc_1137674209312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b12_111/Main.htm">"БГД"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%93%D0%94&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Fbgd%2Fregl%2Fb12_111%2FMain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2021-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx">"Национальный состав населения"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Национальный состав населения по регионам РСФСР"</a>. <i>demoscope.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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S. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru/200000031-6b7256d64f/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%20%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%8B%20%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B2%20%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.pdf">Гольдберг-Алтынцев А.В., "Краткий этнографический обзор группы ашкеназских евреев в Алнашском районе Удмуртской Республики / пер. с англ. яз. А.Й. Каца."</a> Jewish studies in the Udmurt Republic: Online. Part 1. Edited by A. Greenberg. February 27, 2015 published. P. 3. <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tangyra.ru/etno/info/folklore.html">"Удмуртский фольклор - ТАНГЫРА"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80+-+%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%93%D0%AB%D0%A0%D0%90&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tangyra.ru%2Fetno%2Finfo%2Ffolklore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">№663-XII 7 декабря 1994 г. «Конституция Удмуртской Республики», в ред. Закона №62-РЗ от 22 ноября 2007 г.</span></span> (#663-XII December 7, 1994 <i>Constitution of the Udmurt Republic</i>, as amended by the Law #62-RZ of November 22, 2007. ).</li> <li>"СССР. Административно-территориальное деление союзных республик. 1987." (<i>USSR. Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Union Republics. 1987</i>) / Составители В. А. Дударев, Н. А. Евсеева. — М.: Изд-во «Известия Советов народных депутатов СССР», 1987. — 673 с.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kalder, Daniel. <i>Lost Cosmonaut: Observations of an Anti-tourist</i>. Scribner Book Company. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-8994-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-8994-3">0-7432-8994-3</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShkliaevEva_Toulouze2001" class="citation journal cs1">Shkliaev, Aleksandr; Eva Toulouze (March 2001). "The mass media and the national question in Udmurtia in the 1990s". <i><a href="/wiki/Nationalities_Papers" title="Nationalities Papers">Nationalities Papers</a></i>. <b>29</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">97–</span>108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00905990120050811">10.1080/00905990120050811</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154628126">154628126</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nationalities+Papers&rft.atitle=The+mass+media+and+the+national+question+in+Udmurtia+in+the+1990s&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.date=2001-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00905990120050811&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154628126%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Shkliaev&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr&rft.au=Eva+Toulouze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUdmurtia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurtia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Udmurtia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Udmurtia">Udmurtia</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian and English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udmurt.ru">Official website of the Udmurt Republic</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_Russia56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Russia" title="Template:Subdivisions of Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Russia" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_Russia" 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href="/wiki/Amur_Oblast" title="Amur Oblast">Amur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Oblast" title="Astrakhan Oblast">Astrakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod_Oblast" title="Belgorod Oblast">Belgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk_Oblast" title="Bryansk Oblast">Bryansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Oblast" title="Chelyabinsk Oblast">Chelyabinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irkutsk_Oblast" title="Irkutsk Oblast">Irkutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo_Oblast" title="Ivanovo Oblast">Ivanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluga_Oblast" title="Kaluga Oblast">Kaluga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemerovo_Oblast" title="Kemerovo Oblast">Kemerovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast">Kherson</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostroma_Oblast" title="Kostroma Oblast">Kostroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurgan_Oblast" title="Kurgan Oblast">Kurgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kursk_Oblast" title="Kursk Oblast">Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk_Oblast" title="Lipetsk Oblast">Lipetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadan_Oblast" title="Magadan Oblast">Magadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murmansk_Oblast" title="Murmansk Oblast">Murmansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Oblast" title="Novgorod Oblast">Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk_Oblast" title="Novosibirsk Oblast">Novosibirsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omsk_Oblast" title="Omsk Oblast">Omsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol_Oblast" title="Oryol Oblast">Oryol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penza_Oblast" title="Penza Oblast">Penza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov_Oblast" title="Pskov Oblast">Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov_Oblast" title="Rostov Oblast">Rostov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazan_Oblast" title="Ryazan Oblast">Ryazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Oblast" title="Sakhalin Oblast">Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_Oblast" title="Samara Oblast">Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratov_Oblast" title="Saratov Oblast">Saratov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Oblast" title="Smolensk Oblast">Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsk_Oblast" title="Sverdlovsk Oblast">Sverdlovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambov_Oblast" title="Tambov Oblast">Tambov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomsk_Oblast" title="Tomsk Oblast">Tomsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula_Oblast" title="Tula Oblast">Tula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver_Oblast" title="Tver Oblast">Tver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyumen_Oblast" title="Tyumen Oblast">Tyumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk_Oblast" title="Ulyanovsk Oblast">Ulyanovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Oblast" title="Vladimir Oblast">Vladimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast" title="Volgograd Oblast">Volgograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologda_Oblast" title="Vologda Oblast">Vologda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Oblast" title="Voronezh Oblast">Voronezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporozhye</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a> (24)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adygea" title="Adygea">Adygea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryatia" title="Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia">Chuvashia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Crimea</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingushetia" title="Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkaria" title="Kabardino-Balkaria">Kabardino-Balkaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Cherkessia" title="Karachay-Cherkessia">Karachay-Cherkessia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Karelia" title="Republic of Karelia">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakassia" title="Khakassia">Khakassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_Republic" title="Komi Republic">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El">Mari El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovia" title="Mordovia">Mordovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ossetia%E2%80%93Alania" title="North Ossetia–Alania">North Ossetia–Alania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_Republic" title="Sakha Republic">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva" title="Tuva">Tuva</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Udmurtia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a> (9)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Krai" title="Altai Krai">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai" title="Kamchatka Krai">Kamchatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk_Krai" title="Khabarovsk Krai">Khabarovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar_Krai" title="Krasnodar Krai">Krasnodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk_Krai" title="Krasnoyarsk Krai">Krasnoyarsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavropol_Krai" title="Stavropol Krai">Stavropol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaykalsky_Krai" title="Zabaykalsky Krai">Zabaykalsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a> (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chukotka_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Chukotka Autonomous Okrug">Chukotka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanty-Mansi_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug">Khanty-Mansi</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Nenets</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Yamalo-Nenets</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a> (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia#Types" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Autonomous oblast</a> (1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Jewish Autonomous Oblast">Jewish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup>Considered by most of the international community to be part of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><sup>2</sup>Administratively subordinated to <a href="/wiki/Tyumen_Oblast" title="Tyumen Oblast">Tyumen Oblast</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><sup>3</sup>Administratively subordinated to <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk Oblast</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Non-constitutional_official_divisions_by_various_institutions453"><b>Non-constitutional official divisions by various institutions</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_districts_of_Russia" title="Federal districts of Russia">Federal districts</a> (by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic regions</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Development_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Economic Development (Russia)">Ministry of Economic Development</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_districts_of_Russia" title="Military districts of Russia">Military districts</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_districts_of_Russia" title="Judicial districts of Russia">Judicial districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Udmurtia237" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Udmurt_Republic" title="Template:Udmurt Republic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Udmurt_Republic" title="Template talk:Udmurt Republic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Udmurt_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Udmurt Republic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Udmurtia237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Udmurt_Republic" title="Administrative divisions of the Udmurt Republic">Administrative divisions</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Udmurtia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Udmurtia" title="List of rural localities in Udmurtia">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Udmurt Republic"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Udmurt Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Udmurtia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="879" /></a></span></div></td><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alnashsky_District" title="Alnashsky District">Alnashsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balezinsky_District" title="Balezinsky District">Balezinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debyossky_District" title="Debyossky District">Debyossky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glazovsky_District" title="Glazovsky District">Glazovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grakhovsky_District" title="Grakhovsky District">Grakhovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igrinsky_District" title="Igrinsky District">Igrinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambarsky_District" title="Kambarsky District">Kambarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakulinsky_District" title="Karakulinsky District">Karakulinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kezsky_District" title="Kezsky District">Kezsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiyasovsky_District" title="Kiyasovsky District">Kiyasovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiznersky_District" title="Kiznersky District">Kiznersky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsky_District,_Udmurt_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Krasnogorsky District, Udmurt Republic">Krasnogorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malopurginsky_District" title="Malopurginsky District">Malopurginsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozhginsky_District" title="Mozhginsky District">Mozhginsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarapulsky_District" title="Sarapulsky District">Sarapulsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltinsky_District" title="Seltinsky District">Seltinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharkansky_District" title="Sharkansky District">Sharkansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syumsinsky_District" title="Syumsinsky District">Syumsinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvinsky_District" title="Uvinsky District">Uvinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vavozhsky_District" title="Vavozhsky District">Vavozhsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votkinsky_District" title="Votkinsky District">Votkinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshur-Bodyinsky_District" title="Yakshur-Bodyinsky District">Yakshur-Bodyinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsky_District" title="Yarsky District">Yarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukamensky_District" title="Yukamensky District">Yukamensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zavyalovsky_District,_Udmurt_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Zavyalovsky District, Udmurt Republic">Zavyalovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Udmurt Republic"><img alt="Flag of the Udmurt Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Udmurtia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="270" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glazov" title="Glazov">Glazov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambarka" title="Kambarka">Kambarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozhga" title="Mozhga">Mozhga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarapul" title="Sarapul">Sarapul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votkinsk" title="Votkinsk">Votkinsk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Russia_by_federal_subject369" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Russia_navbar" title="Template:History of Russia navbar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Russia_navbar" title="Template talk:History of Russia navbar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Russia_navbar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Russia navbar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Russia_by_federal_subject369" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">History of Russia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">federal subject</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Amur_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Amur Oblast">Amur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arkhangelsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Astrakhan_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Astrakhan Oblast">Astrakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belgorod_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Belgorod Oblast">Belgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bryansk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bryansk Oblast">Bryansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chelyabinsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Chelyabinsk Oblast">Chelyabinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Irkutsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Irkutsk Oblast">Irkutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ivanovo_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ivanovo Oblast">Ivanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kaluga_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kaluga Oblast">Kaluga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kemerovo_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kemerovo Oblast">Kemerovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Kherson_Oblast_(Russia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Kherson Oblast (Russia) (page does not exist)">Kherson</a> <sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kirov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kostroma_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kostroma Oblast">Kostroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kurgan_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kurgan Oblast">Kurgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kursk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kursk Oblast">Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Leningrad_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lipetsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Lipetsk Oblast">Lipetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Magadan_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Magadan Oblast">Magadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Moscow_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Moscow Oblast">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Murmansk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Murmansk Oblast">Murmansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Novgorod_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Novgorod Oblast">Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Novosibirsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Novosibirsk Oblast">Novosibirsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Omsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Omsk Oblast">Omsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Orenburg_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Orenburg Oblast (page does not exist)">Orenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oryol_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Oryol Oblast">Oryol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Penza_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Penza Oblast">Penza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pskov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Pskov Oblast">Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Rostov_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Rostov Oblast (page does not exist)">Rostov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ryazan_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ryazan Oblast">Ryazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sakhalin_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sakhalin Oblast">Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Samara_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Samara Oblast (page does not exist)">Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Saratov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Saratov Oblast">Saratov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Smolensk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Smolensk Oblast">Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sverdlovsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sverdlovsk Oblast">Sverdlovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tambov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Tambov Oblast">Tambov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tomsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Tomsk Oblast">Tomsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tula_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Tula Oblast">Tula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tver_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Tver Oblast">Tver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tyumen_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Tyumen Oblast">Tyumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ulyanovsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ulyanovsk Oblast">Ulyanovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vladimir_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Vladimir Oblast">Vladimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Volgograd_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Volgograd Oblast">Volgograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vologda_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Vologda Oblast">Vologda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Voronezh_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Voronezh Oblast">Voronezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Yaroslavl_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Zaporozhye_Oblast_(Russia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Zaporozhye Oblast (Russia) (page does not exist)">Zaporozhye</a> <sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Adygea" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Adygea">Adygea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Altai_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Altai Republic">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bashkortostan" title="History of Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buryatia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chechnya" title="History of Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chuvashia" title="History of Chuvashia">Chuvashia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">Crimea</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dagestan" title="History of Dagestan">Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Donetsk People's Republic (page does not exist)">Donetsk</a> <sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ingushetia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kabardino-Balkaria" title="History of Kabardino-Balkaria">Kabardino-Balkaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kalmykia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Karachay-Cherkessia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Karachay-Cherkessia">Karachay-Cherkessia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Karelia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Republic of Karelia">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Khakassia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Khakassia">Khakassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Komi_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Komi Republic">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Luhansk People's Republic (page does not exist)">Luhansk</a> <sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mari_El" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Mari El">Mari El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mordovia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Mordovia">Mordovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Ossetia-Alania" class="mw-redirect" title="History of North Ossetia-Alania">North Ossetia-Alania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Sakha_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Sakha Republic">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tatarstan" title="History of Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tuva" title="History of Tuva">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Udmurtia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Udmurtia">Udmurtia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Altai_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Altai Krai">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Kamchatka_Krai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Kamchatka Krai (page does not exist)">Kamchatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Khabarovsk_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Khabarovsk Krai">Khabarovsk</a></li> 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