Personnages historiques, xixe s. - Classification thématique

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: Personnages historiques" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/"> Personnages historiques </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page"> Personnages historiques, <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> s. </li> </ol> </nav> <div class="row"> <div id="main-content" class="col-lg-8 col-xl-9 pb-4"> <h1 class="mb-3"> Personnages historiques, <pc>xix</pc><sup>e</sup> s. </h1> <section class="mt-3"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified d-print-none d-block mb-3 d-md-flex"> <li class="nav-item mx-1 my-1"> <a class="nav-link active" href="#classification-articles">590 articles </a> </li> <li class="nav-item mx-1 my-1"> <a class="nav-link bg-light" href="#classification-medias">73 médias </a> </li> </ul> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-articles" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Articles </h2> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/abbas-mirza/"> <span class="rg">‘ABBĀS MIRZĀ </span><span class="rm">(1789-1833)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean CALMARD</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">406 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Fils de Fath ‘Ali Shāh, considéré comme un véritable pionnier réformateur de l'Iran moderne, ‘Abbās Mirzā fut le principal adversaire de la Russie tsariste dans la conquête du Caucase. Selon la volonté de Āqā Mohammad Khān, Fath ‘Ali Shāh désigna le jeune ‘Abbās Mirzā (qui n'était pas son fils aîné...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/abd-el-kader/"> <span class="rg">ABD EL-KADER </span><span class="rm">(1808-1883)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Charles-Robert AGERON</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 384 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ABD EL-KADER (1808-1883)" href="/encyclopedie/abd-el-kader/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Abd el-Kader - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/5/csm_ph996122_5b044022ab.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Proclamé « sultan des Arabes » par quelques tribus de l'Oranie le 22 novembre 1832, Abd el-Kader s'imposa par une victoire sur les milices de l'ancien bey turc et mena avec bravoure, pendant quinze ans, la guerre sainte contre les Français. Jusqu'en 1838, toutefois, ceux-ci l'aidèrent à asseoir sa souveraineté...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/muhammad-abduh/"> <span class="rg">‘ABDUH </span><span class="pc">MUḤAMMAD </span><span class="rm">(1849-1905)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Eglal ERRERA</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">470 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Né à Mahallab al-Nasr (Égypte), Muḥammad ‘Abduh (Mohammed Abdou) reçoit une éducation traditionnelle et entre à l'université d'al-Azhar en 1866 ; là, il subit l'influence de mystiques religieux musulmans — son ouvrage <em>Risālat al-waridat</em> (<em>Traité d'inspirations mystiques...</em></p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/john-adams-1735-1826/"> <span class="rg">ADAMS </span><span class="pc">JOHN </span><span class="rm">(1735-1826)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Marie-France TOINET</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">823 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Deuxième président des États-Unis, diplomate, écrivain, John Adams est considéré comme l'un des « pères fondateurs » en raison du rôle qu'il joua pendant la révolution américaine. Né à Braintree (actuellement Quincy) dans le Massachusetts, appartenant à une famille de fermiers puritains, il est...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/john-quincy-adams/"> <span class="rg">ADAMS </span><span class="pc">JOHN QUINCY </span><span class="rm">(1767-1848)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Marie-France TOINET</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 082 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Sixième président des États-Unis, de 1825 à 1829, John Quincy Adams a eu par ailleurs une remarquable carrière de diplomate, puis, à l'expiration de son mandat présidentiel, de député.</p><p>Né à Braintree (actuellement Quincy) dans le Massachusetts, fils aîné du deuxième président des États-Unis,...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/jane-addams/"> <span class="rg">ADDAMS </span><span class="pc">JANE </span><span class="rm">(1860-1935)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">718 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>La réformatrice et pacifiste américaine Jane Addams partagea le prix Nobel de la paix avec Nicholas Murray Butler en 1931. Elle demeure surtout connue pour avoir fondé à <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Située dans l’Illinois, au sud-ouest du lac Michigan, Chicago est la troisième agglomération des États-Unis, derrière New York et Los Angeles , avec, en 2018, 9 498 716 habitants (dont 2 705 994 dans la ville centre). Profitant d'un passage entre le Mississippi et les Grands Lacs, la ville, qui n'était encore qu'un village en 1850, a pleinement exploité cette situation stratégiqu..." title="Article : CHICAGO" href="/encyclopedie/chicago/">Chicago</a> le centre social Hull House, l'un des premiers en Amérique du Nord.</p><p>Née le 6 septembre 1860 à Cedarville, en Illinois,...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/victor-adler/"> <span class="rg">ADLER </span><span class="pc">VICTOR </span><span class="rm">(1852-1918)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Paul CLAUDEL</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">744 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Né à Prague, d'une famille juive aisée, Victor Adler entre au collège à <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Capitale de la République fédérale d' Autriche , Vienne est à la fois une commune et l'un des neuf Länder fédéraux : s'étendant sur 415 kilomètres carrés, elle compte 1 678 000 habitants à la fin de 2007. Son agglomération ( Stadtregion ), qui a largement franchi les limites du Land , atteint 2 348 000 habitants à la même date.. Au centre de l'Europe, Vienne s'individu..." title="Article : VIENNE, Autriche" href="/encyclopedie/vienne-autriche/">Vienne</a>, ville dans laquelle il poursuit des études supérieures en chimie et en médecine. Militant du mouvement national radical allemand, dont le but est la réalisation de la Grande Allemagne (Autriche et Allemagne réunies),...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/ahmadou/"> <span class="rg">AHMADOU </span><span class="rm">(mort en 1895 env.)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Alfred FIERRO</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">226 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> À la mort du chef <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le mot « Tekrour » utilisé par les écrivains arabes est sans doute à l'origine du nom de Toucouleur. Il semble que l'on puisse dater du ix e siècle l'apparition de la première dynastie toucouleur. La société toucouleur a été très tôt caractérisée par une stricte orthodoxie islamique et par une stratification sociale rigide. On distingue notamment : les Torobé, « hommes de la..." title="Article : TOUCOULEUR" href="/encyclopedie/toucouleur/">toucouleur</a> El Hadj Omar, son fils Ahmadou, établi à Ségou sur le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le territoire du Niger, pays enclavé d'Afrique noire, se partage entre l'aire saharienne et l'aire sahélienne. Ancien lieu de rencontres et d'échanges commerciaux et culturels avec le Maghreb, le Niger s'est trouvé délaissé par ces grands courants à partir de la pénétration européenne venue de la côte, au xix e siècle. Colonie française à partir de 1922, le pays accède à l'ind..." title="Article : NIGER" href="/encyclopedie/niger/">Niger</a>, prend, en 1864, la direction de la lutte contre les Français. S'il est un chef religieux respecté, son autorité politique reste faible. Les Toucouleurs lui sont fidèles, mais il ne parvient à aucun moment...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/alexandre-ii-nikolaievitch/"> <span class="rg">ALEXANDRE II NIKOLAÏEVITCH </span><span class="rm">(1818-1881) empereur de Russie (1855-1881)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Pierre KOVALEWSKY</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">696 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ALEXANDRE II NIKOLA&Iuml;EVITCH (1818-1881) empereur de Russie (1855-1881)" href="/encyclopedie/alexandre-ii-nikolaievitch/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Assassinat d'Alexandre II - crédits : Biblioteca Ambrosiana/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/8/7/csm_ph996257_5ed948ee04.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Aucun monarque européen n'a été mieux préparé à sa tâche qu'Alexandre II. Sa mère charge le poète et humaniste Joukovski de dresser un plan complet d'éducation et d'instruction pour l'héritier du trône, et le pédagogue veillera à l'exécution de son programme. Il veut faire de son pupille un homme...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/alexandre-iii-alexandrovitch/"> <span class="rg">ALEXANDRE III ALEXANDROVITCH </span><span class="rm">(1845-1894) empereur de Russie (1881-1894)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Pierre KOVALEWSKY</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">433 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Second fils d'Alexandre II, il ne devint héritier présomptif qu'à la mort de son frère, le grand-duc Nicolas, mort en 1865. Un an après, Alexandre épouse la princesse Dagmar de Danemark et prend part aux travaux du gouvernement de son père, dont il adopte alors les idées réformatrices. Au lendemain...</p> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="row"> <div class="col mt-3"> <ul class="d-print-none pagination justify-content-center"> <li class="page-item active"> <span class="page-link">1</span> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/2/"> 2 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/3/"> 3 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/4/"> 4 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/5/"> 5 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/6/"> 6 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/7/"> 7 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/8/"> 8 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/9/"> 9 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/10/"> 10 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/11/"> 11 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/12/"> 12 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/13/"> 13 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/"> ... </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/59/"> 59 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-medias" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Médias </h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH996122" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Abd el-Kader" href="/media/abd-el-kader-ph996122/"> <img id="PH996122" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/5/csm_ph996122_0e07e385f0.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Abd el-Kader - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le chef nationaliste algérien Abd el-Kader (1808-1883), proclamé "sultan des Arabes" par les tribus de l'Oranie en 1832, mena pendant quinze ans la guerre sainte contre les Français." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="655" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Abd el-Kader </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH990280" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Abraham Lincoln et le général McClellan, A. Gardner" href="/media/abraham-lincoln-et-le-general-mcclellan-a-gardner-ph990280/"> <img id="PH990280" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/3/csm_ph990280_8751cfbaa1.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Abraham Lincoln et le général McClellan, A. Gardner - crédits : MPI/ Archive Photos/ Getty Images" data-description="Alexander Gardner (1821-1882), Abraham Lincoln: At Antietam, 3 octobre 1862, épreuve gélatino-argentique, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington. Le président Lincoln (1809-1865) et le général McClellan (1826-1885, à l'extrême gauche de l'image) à son quartier général…" data-copyright="MPI/ Archive Photos/ Getty Images" width="680" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Abraham Lincoln et le général McClellan, A. Gardner </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> MPI/ Archive Photos/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998029" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Alfred Dreyfus" href="/media/alfred-dreyfus-ph998029/"> <img id="PH998029" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/4/csm_ph998029_7d61e64ac6.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Alfred Dreyfus - crédits : Aaron Gerschel/ A. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" data-description="À la fin du xixe siècle, le capitaine Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935) fut victime d’une erreur judiciaire. « L’affaire Dreyfus » ébranla l’ensemble de la société française." data-copyright="Aaron Gerschel/ A. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" width="840" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Alfred Dreyfus </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Aaron Gerschel/ A. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010920" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Allemagne, 1870-1871" href="/media/allemagne-1870-1871-v010920/"> <img id="V010920" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/8/0/csm_v010920_846478845a.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Allemagne, 1870-1871 - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="La formation de l'empire allemand, le IIe Reich (1870-1871)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1976" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Allemagne, 1870-1871 </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH992717" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>Arthur Wellesley, premier duc de Wellington</it>, T. Lawrence" href="/media/arthur-wellesley-premier-duc-de-wellington-t-lawrence-ph992717/"> <img id="PH992717" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/6/6/csm_ph992717_e232dd8d46.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>Arthur Wellesley, premier duc de Wellington</it>, T. Lawrence - crédits : Bridgeman Images " data-description="Thomas LAWRENCE, Arthur Wellesley, premier duc de Wellington, huile sur toile. The Wellington Museum, Londres." data-copyright=" Bridgeman Images " width="456" height="600" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <it>Arthur Wellesley, premier duc de Wellington</it>, T. Lawrence </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bridgeman Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH996344" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Axelrod" href="/media/axelrod-ph996344/"> <img id="PH996344" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/4/csm_ph996344_a6ff5546e9.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Axelrod - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Pavel Borissovitch Axelrod (1850-1928), père de la social-démocratie russe." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="730" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Axelrod </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH996345" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Bakounine" href="/media/bakounine-ph996345/"> <img id="PH996345" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/6/csm_ph996345_ac4e4161e0.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Bakounine - crédits : Nadar/ Getty Images" data-description="Michel Bakounine (1814-1876), théoricien russe de l'anarchisme, ici vers 1870." data-copyright="Nadar/ Getty Images" width="755" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bakounine </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Nadar/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH994875" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Bartolomé Mitre" href="/media/bartolome-mitre-ph994875/"> <img id="PH994875" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/c/csm_ph994875_ba52a3d8cf.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Bartolomé Mitre - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="L'homme d'État argentin Bartolomé Mitre (1821-1906), en 1865." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="803" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bartolomé Mitre </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998211" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Benjamin Disraeli" href="/media/benjamin-disraeli-ph998211/"> <img id="PH998211" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/c/csm_ph998211_2394248c6a.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Benjamin Disraeli - crédits : Jabez Hughes/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881), écrivain et homme d'État britannique." data-copyright="Jabez Hughes/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="671" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Benjamin Disraeli </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Jabez Hughes/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH996109" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Bernadotte" href="/media/bernadotte-ph996109/"> <img id="PH996109" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/9/csm_ph996109_164f05d603.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Bernadotte - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le Français Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte (1763-1844), devenu prince héréditaire de Suède en 1810, devient roi de Suède et de Norvège sous le nom de Charles XIV, en 1818." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="618" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bernadotte </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH997826" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Bismarck impose ses conditions" href="/media/bismarck-impose-ses-conditions-ph997826/"> <img id="PH997826" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/4/a/csm_ph997826_f99255c98b.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Bismarck impose ses conditions - crédits : Ullstein Bild/ Ullstein Bild/ Getty Images" data-description="Le chancelier prussien Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) dicte ses conditions aux représentants français, Félix Faure (1841-1899) et Adolphe Thiers (1797-1877), lors de la signature des préliminaires de paix à Versailles, en 1871." data-copyright="Ullstein Bild/ Ullstein Bild/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="722" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bismarck impose ses conditions </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ullstein Bild/ Ullstein Bild/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH020053" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Cavour" href="/media/cavour-ph020053/"> <img id="PH020053" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/a/csm_ph020053_bad9d709e7.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Cavour - crédits : AKG-images" data-description="Camillo Benso, comte de Cavour (1810-1861), le principal artisan de l'unité italienne." data-copyright="AKG-images" width="447" height="600" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Cavour </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> AKG-images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH994840" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Cecil Rhodes" href="/media/cecil-rhodes-ph994840/"> <img id="PH994840" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/9/csm_ph994840_533629b047.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Cecil Rhodes - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le Britannique Cecil John Rhodes (1853-1902), apôtre de l'expansionnisme colonial, à Matappo Hills, Afrique du Sud (1897), où il sera inhumé." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="731" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Cecil Rhodes </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998031" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Dreyfus en cour martiale" href="/media/dreyfus-en-cour-martiale-ph998031/"> <img id="PH998031" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/e/csm_ph998031_3c7bfb3cdf.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Dreyfus en cour martiale - crédits : Henry Guttmann/ Getty Images" data-description="Accusé à tort de trahison et d'espionnage au profit de l'Allemagne, Alfred Dreyfus est condamné en 1894 et emprisonné à l’île du Diable (Guyane). Il passe une seconde fois en Conseil de guerre, en 1899, où le premier jugement est confirmé. Il est gracié quelques jours après le verdict et réhabilité…" data-copyright="Henry Guttmann/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="964" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Dreyfus en cour martiale </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Henry Guttmann/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH992543" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>Exécution du maréchal Ney</it>, J. L. Gerôme" href="/media/execution-du-marechal-ney-j-l-gerome-ph992543/"> <img id="PH992543" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/a/csm_ph992543_2f8f6c75f0.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>Exécution du maréchal Ney</it>, J. L. Gerôme - crédits : Bridgeman Images " data-description="Jean Léon GERÔME, Exécution du maréchal Ney. Sheffield Galleries and Museums Trust, Royaume-Uni." data-copyright=" Bridgeman Images " width="800" height="495" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <it>Exécution du maréchal Ney</it>, J. L. Gerôme </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bridgeman Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH00I352" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Francesco Crispi (1818-1901)" href="/media/francesco-crispi-1818-1901-ph00i352/"> <img id="PH00I352" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/8/csm_ph00i352_7e8e98dac7.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Francesco Crispi (1818-1901) - crédits : A. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" data-description="Francesco Crispi (1818-1901), homme politique italien, président du Conseil de 1887 à 1891, puis de 1893 à 1896." data-copyright="A. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" width="457" height="600" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Francesco Crispi (1818-1901) </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> A. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH992596" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>François-Joseph I<sup>er</sup>, empereur d'Autriche</it>, F. X. Winterhalter" href="/media/francois-joseph-ier-empereur-dautriche-f-x-winterhalter-ph992596/"> <img id="PH992596" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/d/csm_ph992596_12abe0422c.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>François-Joseph I<sup>er</sup>, empereur d'Autriche</it>, F. X. Winterhalter - crédits : Bridgeman Images " data-description="Franz Xaver WINTERHALTER, François-Joseph Ier, empereur d'Autriche, huile sur toile. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienne, Autriche." data-copyright=" Bridgeman Images " width="366" height="600" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <it>François-Joseph I<sup>er</sup>, empereur d'Autriche</it>, F. X. Winterhalter </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bridgeman Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998181" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : George III" href="/media/george-iii-ph998181/"> <img id="PH998181" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/8/7/csm_ph998181_d1e1ccfb2b.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="George III - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="George III (1738-1820), roi de Grande-Bretagne (1760-1820)." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="803" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> George III </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998232" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : George V" href="/media/george-v-ph998232/"> <img id="PH998232" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/5/csm_ph998232_ac719e6a7d.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="George V - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="George V (1865-1936), roi de Grande-Bretagne (1910-1936)." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="764" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> George V </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="MU980140" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>Georges Clemenceau</it>, É. Manet" href="/media/georges-clemenceau-e-manet-mu980140/"> <img id="MU980140" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/c/csm_mu980140_f94f0c16ab.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>Georges Clemenceau</it>, É. Manet - crédits : Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" data-description="Édouard Manet, Georges Clemenceau, 1879-1880. Huile sur toile, 94,5 cm × 74 cm. Musée d'Orsay, Paris." data-copyright="Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" width="598" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <it>Georges Clemenceau</it>, É. Manet </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Erich Lessing/ AKG-images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH993219" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Giuseppe Garibaldi" href="/media/giuseppe-garibaldi-ph993219/"> <img id="PH993219" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/c/csm_ph993219_fd2631aca6.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Giuseppe Garibaldi - crédits : Universal History Archive/ UIG/ Getty Images" data-description="Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882), en 1861." data-copyright="Universal History Archive/ UIG/ Getty Images" width="701" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Giuseppe Garibaldi </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Universal History Archive/ UIG/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998333" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Gladstone" href="/media/gladstone-ph998333/"> <img id="PH998333" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/c/csm_ph998333_76122e621b.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Gladstone - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le Premier ministre conservateur britannique William Ewart Gladstone (1809-1898) prononce son dernier discours à la Chambre des communes, à Londres, en 1894." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="629" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Gladstone </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH060027" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : James Monroe, président des Etats-Unis" href="/media/james-monroe-president-des-etats-unis-ph060027/"> <img id="PH060027" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/e/csm_ph060027_c2911adf7d.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="James Monroe, président des Etats-Unis - crédits : Library of Congress, Washington D.C." data-description="Combattant de la guerre d'Indépendance, membre du Congrès constitutif des États-Unis, ambassadeur à Paris, James Monroe (1758-1831), est président des États-Unis de 1817 à 1825." data-copyright="Library of Congress, Washington D.C." width="586" height="768" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> James Monroe, président des Etats-Unis </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Library of Congress, Washington D.C. </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH041089" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Jean Jaurès" href="/media/jean-jaures-ph041089/"> <img id="PH041089" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/6/csm_ph041089_51e6902fe1.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Jean Jaurès - crédits : Manuel/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Député du Tarn de 1885 à 1889 et de 1902 jusqu'à sa mort, Jean Jaurès prend parti pour Dreyfus à partir de janvier 1898. Élu vice-président de la Chambre en 1903, il devient directeur politique du journal L'Humanité, paru pour la première fois le 18 avril 1904. L'assassinat du tribun pacifiste le 31…" data-copyright="Manuel/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="720" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Jean Jaurès </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Manuel/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH994348" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Joseph Bonaparte" href="/media/joseph-bonaparte-ph994348/"> <img id="PH994348" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/f/csm_ph994348_01da852380.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Joseph Bonaparte - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Joseph Bonaparte (1768-1844), roi de Naples (1806-1808), puis roi d'Espagne de 1808 à 1813." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="693" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Joseph Bonaparte </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH994349" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Juan Prim" href="/media/juan-prim-ph994349/"> <img id="PH994349" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/c/csm_ph994349_60047ccb47.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Juan Prim - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Archive Photos/ Getty Images" data-description="Le général espagnol Juan Prim y Prats (1814-1870), héros militaire romantique aux yeux du peuple et figure de proue de l'opposition politique." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Archive Photos/ Getty Images" width="882" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Juan Prim </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Archive Photos/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH060316" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Jules Grévy" href="/media/jules-grevy-ph060316/"> <img id="PH060316" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/c/csm_ph060316_0b4333d5cf.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Jules Grévy - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Jules Grévy, élu président de la République en 1879." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="675" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Jules Grévy </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH00I315" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Jules Grévy, président de la République (1807-1891)" href="/media/jules-grevy-president-de-la-republique-1807-1891-ph00i315/"> <img id="PH00I315" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/2/3/csm_ph00i315_2dae57545f.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Jules Grévy, président de la République (1807-1891) - crédits : A. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" data-description="Léon Bonnat, Jules Grévy, président de la République. 1880. Huile sur toile, 152 cm × 116 cm. Musée national des châteaux de Versailles et de Trianon, Versailles." data-copyright="A. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" width="459" height="600" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Jules Grévy, président de la République (1807-1891) </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> A. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PA081638" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Jules Guesde" href="/media/jules-guesde-pa081638/"> <img id="PA081638" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/1/csm_pa081638_e63027c2c0.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Jules Guesde - crédits : Corbis/ Getty Images" data-description="Jules Guesde, homme politique et théoricien du socialisme, a participé activement à la reconstruction d'un mouvement ouvrier français, décapité après la répression de la Commune de Paris en 1871." data-copyright="Corbis/ Getty Images" width="754" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Jules Guesde </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Corbis/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH996002" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Junot" href="/media/junot-ph996002/"> <img id="PH996002" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/7/csm_ph996002_adb79a5982.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Junot - crédits : Fine Art Images/ Heritage Images/ Getty Images" data-description="Le général français Andoche Junot (1771-1813). La prise de Lisbonne en 1807 lui vaut d'être nommé duc d'Abrantès par Napoléon." data-copyright=" Fine Art Images/ Heritage Images/ Getty Images" width="699" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Junot </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Fine Art Images/ Heritage Images/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH993938" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Kitchener" href="/media/kitchener-ph993938/"> <img id="PH993938" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/c/csm_ph993938_924509fbb7.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Kitchener - crédits : I Heyman/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Horatio Herbert Kitchener (1850-1916), officier irlandais et homme politique, qui obtint le retrait de la mission Marchand, à Fachoda, en 1898." data-copyright="I Heyman/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="649" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Kitchener </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> I Heyman/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PA083210" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Klemens von Metternich, dessin" href="/media/klemens-von-metternich-dessin-pa083210/"> <img id="PA083210" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/b/csm_pa083210_2e3c5f2396.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Klemens von Metternich, dessin - crédits : Courtesy of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresde" data-description="Metternich. Dessin au crayon lithographique réalisé vers 1803 par le portraitiste Anton Graff." data-copyright="Courtesy of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresde" width="600" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Klemens von Metternich, dessin </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Courtesy of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresde </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH993651" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Kropotkine" href="/media/kropotkine-ph993651/"> <img id="PH993651" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/8/csm_ph993651_b7f923ecd0.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Kropotkine - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le Russe Piotr Alexeïevitch Kropotkine (1842-1921), aristocrate moscovite, écrivain, savant, géographe et révolutionnaire." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="766" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Kropotkine </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH996350" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Kropotkine, vers 1910" href="/media/kropotkine-vers-1910-ph996350/"> <img id="PH996350" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/7/csm_ph996350_4c04bfe211.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Kropotkine, vers 1910 - crédits : Edward Gooch Collection/ Getty Images" data-description="Piotr Alexeïevitch Kropotkine (1842-1921), théoricien russe de l'anarchisme, ici vers 1910." data-copyright="Edward Gooch Collection/ Getty Images" width="728" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Kropotkine, vers 1910 </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Edward Gooch Collection/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH994350" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : La famille royale espagnole" href="/media/la-famille-royale-espagnole-ph994350/"> <img id="PH994350" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/2/e/csm_ph994350_2584e5ca8e.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="La famille royale espagnole - crédits : Bettmann/ Getty Images" data-description="La famille royale espagnole : au centre, la reine Isabelle II (1830-1904), à gauche, sa mère, Marie-Christine de Bourbon (1806-1878) tenant sur ses genoux le prince Alphonse, le futur roi Alphonse XII, et son époux, le roi Don Francisco de Asis." data-copyright="Bettmann/ Getty Images" width="849" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> La famille royale espagnole </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bettmann/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH991801" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Lamartine" href="/media/lamartine-ph991801/"> <img id="PH991801" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/2/csm_ph991801_99c89f6a28.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Lamartine - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Alphonse de Lamartine (1790-1869), poète romantique et homme politique français." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="657" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Lamartine </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH996014" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Le capitaine Marchand" href="/media/le-capitaine-marchand-ph996014/"> <img id="PH996014" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/8/d/csm_ph996014_0a51d11169.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Le capitaine Marchand - crédits : Henry Guttmann/ Getty Images" data-description="Jean-Baptiste Marchand (1863-1934), militaire français et explorateur, en uniforme blanc. Il traversa l'Afrique à la tête de la mission Congo-Nil, et son arrivée à Fachoda (Soudan), en 1898, provoqua une grave crise franco-britannique." data-copyright="Henry Guttmann/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="674" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Le capitaine Marchand </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Henry Guttmann/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="MU980118" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>Le Duc de Wellington</it>, F. Goya" href="/media/le-duc-de-wellington-f-goya-mu980118/"> <img id="MU980118" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/c/csm_mu980118_916afbd56b.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>Le Duc de Wellington</it>, F. Goya - crédits : Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" data-description="Francisco GOYA, Le Duc de Wellington, huile sur toile. The National Gallery, Londres." data-copyright="Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" width="638" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <it>Le Duc de Wellington</it>, F. Goya </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Erich Lessing/ AKG-images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998025" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Le général Trochu" href="/media/le-general-trochu-ph998025/"> <img id="PH998025" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/8/csm_ph998025_8d176e62f9.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Le général Trochu - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le général Louis Trochu (1815-1896), gouverneur de Paris puis président du gouvernement de la Défense nationale, en 1870." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="705" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Le général Trochu </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH994001" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Le Lion du Pendjab" href="/media/le-lion-du-pendjab-ph994001/"> <img id="PH994001" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/a/csm_ph994001_c2d4629fe2.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Le Lion du Pendjab - crédits : Universal History Archive/ Universal Images Group/ Universal Images Group Editorial/ Getty Images" data-description="Le souverain sikh Ranjit Singh (1780-1839) qui prit, en 1800, le titre de Maharaja. On le surnommait le Lion du Pendjab." data-copyright="Universal History Archive/ Universal Images Group/ Universal Images Group Editorial/ Getty Images" width="731" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Le Lion du Pendjab </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Universal History Archive/ Universal Images Group/ Universal Images Group Editorial/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH999383" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Le patriote italien Giuseppe Mazzini, vers 1870" href="/media/le-patriote-italien-giuseppe-mazzini-vers-1870-ph999383/"> <img id="PH999383" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/3/csm_ph999383_a81418db66.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Le patriote italien Giuseppe Mazzini, vers 1870 - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Promoteur infatigable du Risorgimento (c'est-à-dire la «résurrection»), Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) fut le grand inspirateur du patriotisme italien et de l'idée d'unification, s'attachant à leur donner l'aspect moral et religieux résumé dans son mot d'ordre : «Dieu et le peuple»." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="714" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Le patriote italien Giuseppe Mazzini, vers 1870 </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="MU980119" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Le Prince Otto von Bismarck en uniforme, F.S. von Lenbach" href="/media/le-prince-otto-von-bismarck-en-uniforme-f-s-von-lenbach-mu980119/"> <img id="MU980119" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/e/csm_mu980119_0957a759e3.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Le Prince Otto von Bismarck en uniforme, F.S. von Lenbach - crédits : Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" data-description="Franz Seraph von LENBACH, Le Prince Otto von Bismarck en uniforme, toile. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienne." data-copyright="Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" width="608" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Le Prince Otto von Bismarck en uniforme, F.S. von Lenbach </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Erich Lessing/ AKG-images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH999142" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Le roi Thibaw de Birmanie, vers 1880" href="/media/le-roi-thibaw-de-birmanie-vers-1880-ph999142/"> <img id="PH999142" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/f/csm_ph999142_110a7a1926.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Le roi Thibaw de Birmanie, vers 1880 - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Dernier roi de la dynastie Konbaung, Thibaw (1858-1916) fut placé sur le trône en 1878. Sa politique de renforcement des liens avec la France servit de prétexte pour déclencher la troisième guerre anglo-birmane, qui mènera à l'annexion du royaume myanmar dans l'Empire des Indes." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="685" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Le roi Thibaw de Birmanie, vers 1880 </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH140351" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <em>L’Empereur Napoléon dans son cabinet de travail aux Tuileries</em>, J.-L. David" href="/media/lempereur-napoleon-dans-son-cabinet-de-travail-aux-tuileries-j-l-david-ph140351/"> <img id="PH140351" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/b/csm_ph140351_3a2f60869a.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<em>L’Empereur Napoléon dans son cabinet de travail aux Tuileries</em>, J.-L. David - crédits : Courtesy National Gallery of Art, Washington" data-description="Jacques-Louis David, L'Empereur Napoléon dans son cabinet de travail aux Tuileries, 1812. Huile sur toile, 203,9 cm x 125,1 cm. National Gallery of Art, Washington." data-copyright="Courtesy National Gallery of Art, Washington" width="483" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <em>L’Empereur Napoléon dans son cabinet de travail aux Tuileries</em>, J.-L. David </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Courtesy National Gallery of Art, Washington </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998028" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Léon Gambetta" href="/media/leon-gambetta-ph998028/"> <img id="PH998028" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/b/csm_ph998028_3c26a2d5fb.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Léon Gambetta - crédits : Henry Guttmann/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Léon Gambetta (1838-1882), l'un des fondateurs de la IIIe République." data-copyright="Henry Guttmann/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="820" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Léon Gambetta </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Henry Guttmann/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH040748" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Léon XIII" href="/media/leon-xiii-ph040748/"> <img id="PH040748" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/8/csm_ph040748_31bd74bd04.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Léon XIII - crédits : London Stereoscopic Company/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Portrait du pape Léon XIII, 1890. Lithographie. Pape de 1878 à 1903, Léon XIII s'illustra par son attitude offensive en faveur d'un ordre social chrétien, vigoureusement contre les gouvernements anticléricaux, la laïcisation, l'américanisme, la société moderne en général." data-copyright="London Stereoscopic Company/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="703" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Léon XIII </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> London Stereoscopic Company/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH993815" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Léopold I<sup>er</sup>" href="/media/leopold-ier-ph993815/"> <img id="PH993815" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/2/b/csm_ph993815_4e95187160.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Léopold I<sup>er</sup> - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Léopold de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha (1790-1865), oncle de la reine Victoria, prête serment le 21 juillet 1831 et devient le premier roi des Belges sous le nom de Léopold Ier." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="769" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Léopold I<sup>er</sup> </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH997410" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Léopold II" href="/media/leopold-ii-ph997410/"> <img id="PH997410" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/9/csm_ph997410_45b54293ed.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Léopold II - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Léopold II (1835-1909), roi des Belges depuis 1865, ici vers 1880." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="634" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Léopold II </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="MU980117" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : L'Impératrice Eugénie et ses dames d'honneur, F.X. Winterhalter" href="/media/limperatrice-eugenie-et-ses-dames-dhonneur-f-x-winterhalter-mu980117/"> <img id="MU980117" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/c/csm_mu980117_b3466cb89d.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="L'Impératrice Eugénie et ses dames d'honneur, F.X. Winterhalter - crédits : Print Collector/Getty Images" data-description="Franz Xaver Winterhalter, L'Impératrice Eugénie et ses dames d'honneur, huile sur toile. Musée national du château de Compiègne." data-copyright="Print Collector/Getty Images" width="1109" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> L'Impératrice Eugénie et ses dames d'honneur, F.X. Winterhalter </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Print Collector/Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998015" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>L'impératrice Joséphine</it>, F. P. S. Gérard" href="/media/limperatrice-josephine-f-p-s-gerard-ph998015/"> <img id="PH998015" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/7/csm_ph998015_b4a92ecd6c.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>L'impératrice Joséphine</it>, F. P. S. Gérard - crédits : Fine Art Images/ Heritage Images/ Getty Images" data-description="Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de La Pagerie (1763-1814), impératrice des Français, épouse de Napoléon Ier, avait épousé en premières noces le chevalier de Beauharnais. François Pascal Simon Gérard, L'impératrice Joséphine, 1807-1808. Musée national du Château de Fontainebleau." data-copyright="Fine Art Images/ Heritage Images/ Getty Images" width="757" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <it>L'impératrice Joséphine</it>, F. P. S. Gérard </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Fine Art Images/ Heritage Images/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH992670" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>L'Impératrice Joséphine</it>, , P.-P. Prud'hon" href="/media/limperatrice-josephine-p-p-prudhon-ph992670/"> <img id="PH992670" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/6/e/csm_ph992670_7c0e70c1de.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>L'Impératrice Joséphine</it>, , P.-P. Prud'hon - crédits : Bridgeman Images " data-description="Pierre-Paul PRUD'HON, L'Impératrice Joséphine, huile sur toile. Wallace Collection, Londres." data-copyright=" Bridgeman Images " width="479" height="600" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <it>L'Impératrice Joséphine</it>, , P.-P. Prud'hon </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bridgeman Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998017" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Louis-Philippe" href="/media/louis-philippe-ph998017/"> <img id="PH998017" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/6/d/csm_ph998017_162cb38ee0.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Louis-Philippe - crédits : Hulton Royals Collection/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Louis-Philippe (1773-1850), ici vers 1800, futur roi des Français (1830-1848)." data-copyright="Hulton Royals Collection/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="664" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Louis-Philippe </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Royals Collection/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998026" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Louis Rossel" href="/media/louis-rossel-ph998026/"> <img id="PH998026" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/a/csm_ph998026_d21b3eb9ba.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Louis Rossel - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le militaire français Louis Rossel (1844-1871) se met au service de la Commune de Paris, en 1870. Il sera condamné à mort et exécuté en 1871." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="633" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Louis Rossel </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH990390" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Marcellin Berthelot" href="/media/marcellin-berthelot-ph990390/"> <img id="PH990390" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/f/csm_ph990390_b02ce277d0.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Marcellin Berthelot - crédits : C Gerschel/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le chimiste et homme politique français Marcellin Berthelot (1827-1907)." data-copyright="C Gerschel/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="711" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Marcellin Berthelot </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> C Gerschel/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH00I314" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Marie-Louise (1791-1847), impératrice des Français" href="/media/marie-louise-1791-1847-imperatrice-des-francais-ph00i314/"> <img id="PH00I314" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/e/csm_ph00i314_6035ada685.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Marie-Louise (1791-1847), impératrice des Français - crédits : G. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" data-description="Robert Lefevre (1755-1830), Marie-Louise. Museo Glauco Lombardi, Parme." data-copyright="G. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images" width="410" height="600" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Marie-Louise (1791-1847), impératrice des Français </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> G. Dagli Orti/ De Agostini/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH994915" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Ménélik II" href="/media/menelik-ii-ph994915/"> <img id="PH994915" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/d/csm_ph994915_3074140827.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Ménélik II - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Grâce à sa victoire sur les Italiens à Adoua le 1er mars 1896, l'empereur éthiopien Ménélik II parvient à se dégager de la tutelle européenne et étend sa domination sur les territoires voisins." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="711" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ménélik II </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH060215" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Napoléon sur le champ de bataille d'Eylau, A. J. Gros" href="/media/napoleon-sur-le-champ-de-bataille-deylau-a-j-gros-ph060215/"> <img id="PH060215" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/7/5/csm_ph060215_50de52481c.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Napoléon sur le champ de bataille d'Eylau, A. J. Gros - crédits : Universal History Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Antoine Jean Gros, Napoléon sur le champ de bataille d'Eylau, 1808. Huile sur toile, 5,21 m × 7,84 m, musée du Louvre, Paris. La bataille causa des pertes très élevées dans les deux camps, sans permettre la victoire de l'un ou de l'autre." data-copyright="Universal History Archive/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="669" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Napoléon sur le champ de bataille d'Eylau, A. J. Gros </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Universal History Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998189" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Palmerston" href="/media/palmerston-ph998189/"> <img id="PH998189" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/9/csm_ph998189_15284334fc.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Palmerston - crédits : Hulton-Deutsch Collection/ Corbis/ Getty Images" data-description="Le Britannique Henry John Temple (1784-1865), vicomte Pamerston, inspirateur de la politique étrangère de la Grande-Bretagne de 1830 à 1865." data-copyright="Hulton-Deutsch Collection/ Corbis/ Getty Images" width="782" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Palmerston </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton-Deutsch Collection/ Corbis/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH995499" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Paul Bert" href="/media/paul-bert-ph995499/"> <img id="PH995499" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/c/csm_ph995499_c8a590d13c.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Paul Bert - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le Français Paul Bert (1833-1886), homme politique et médecin. Il fut ministre de l'Instruction publique dans le cabinet Gambetta et il étudia les conséquences physiologiques de l'altitude et de la plongée en caisson." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="671" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Paul Bert </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH999507" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Portrait d'Adolphe Thiers par Disdéri" href="/media/portrait-dadolphe-thiers-par-disderi-ph999507/"> <img id="PH999507" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/d/csm_ph999507_951e5cc52f.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Portrait d'Adolphe Thiers par Disdéri - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="L'homme d'État Adolphe Thiers (1797-1877), vers 1860. Photographie sépia de Disdéri (1819-1889)." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="611" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Portrait d'Adolphe Thiers par Disdéri </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="MU980111" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Portrait de Napoléon I<sup>er</sup>, Girodet-Trioson" href="/media/portrait-de-napoleon-ier-girodet-trioson-mu980111/"> <img id="MU980111" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/d/csm_mu980111_1f2b12607b.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Portrait de Napoléon I<sup>er</sup>, Girodet-Trioson - crédits : Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" data-description="Anne Louis GIRODET dit GIRODET-TRIOSON, Portrait de Napoléon Ier - Étude pour "Remise des clés de la ville de Vienne le 13 novembre 1805", huile sur toile. Musée Bonnat, Bayonne." data-copyright="Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" width="502" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Portrait de Napoléon I<sup>er</sup>, Girodet-Trioson </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Erich Lessing/ AKG-images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="MU980130" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Portrait équestre de Joachim Murat, roi de Naples, A. J. Gros" href="/media/portrait-equestre-de-joachim-murat-roi-de-naples-a-j-gros-mu980130/"> <img id="MU980130" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/3/csm_mu980130_c6e7b1e7cb.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Portrait équestre de Joachim Murat, roi de Naples, A. J. Gros - crédits : Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" data-description="Antoine Jean GROS, Portrait équestre de Joachim Murat, roi de Naples, huile sur toile. Musée du Louvre, Paris." data-copyright="Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" width="641" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Portrait équestre de Joachim Murat, roi de Naples, A. J. Gros </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Erich Lessing/ AKG-images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH030036" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Proclamation de l’Empire allemand, 1871" href="/media/proclamation-de-lempire-allemand-1871-ph030036/"> <img id="PH030036" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/b/csm_ph030036_3f5375b686.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Proclamation de l’Empire allemand, 1871 - crédits : AKG-images" data-description="À l'issue de la guerre franco-allemande, le roi de Prusse est proclamé empereur allemand sous le nom de Guillaume Ier, dans la galerie des Glaces du château de Versailles, le 18 janvier 1871. Anton von Werner, La Proclamation de l'Empire allemand, 1885. Bismarck-Museum, Friedrichsruh (Allemagne)." data-copyright="AKG-images" width="988" height="823" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Proclamation de l’Empire allemand, 1871 </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> AKG-images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH994268" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Proudhon" href="/media/proudhon-ph994268/"> <img id="PH994268" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/7/4/csm_ph994268_b81258ee40.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Proudhon - crédits : Nadar/ Getty Images" data-description="Le journaliste politique français Pierre Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865). Son système de pensée lui fait rejeter le socialisme utopique et forger le concept de socialisme scientifique, fondé sur une science de la société méthodiquement découverte et rigoureusement appliquée.." data-copyright="Nadar/ Getty Images" width="664" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Proudhon </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Nadar/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH997363" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Rama V" href="/media/rama-v-ph997363/"> <img id="PH997363" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/f/csm_ph997363_c717f04650.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Rama V - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Chulalongkorn (1853-1910) ou Rama V, roi de Siam à partir de 1868, en compagnie de onze de ses fils." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="469" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Rama V </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH997267" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Ranavalona III" href="/media/ranavalona-iii-ph997267/"> <img id="PH997267" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/6/7/csm_ph997267_23de0a5b8c.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Ranavalona III - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Ranavalona III (1864-1917), reine de Madagascar (1883-1897), en compagnie de son mari et Premier ministre." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="769" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ranavalona III </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH040054" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Richard Cobden" href="/media/richard-cobden-ph040054/"> <img id="PH040054" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/b/csm_ph040054_4e86e2bd1a.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Richard Cobden - crédits : Hulton-Deutsch Collection/ Corbis/ Getty Images" data-description="Richard Cobden (1804-1865), industriel et homme d'État anglais, signa en janvier 1860 avec la France le premier traité bilatéral de libre-échange entre les deux pays." data-copyright="Hulton-Deutsch Collection/ Corbis/ Getty Images" width="603" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Richard Cobden </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton-Deutsch Collection/ Corbis/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH995983" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Rosa Luxemburg" href="/media/rosa-luxemburg-ph995983/"> <img id="PH995983" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/7/d/csm_ph995983_54dcabe94e.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Rosa Luxemburg - crédits : Henry Guttmann/ Getty Images" data-description="Révolutionnaire allemande, Rosa Luxemburg (1870-1919) fut l'une des plus importantes théoriciennes de la pensée marxiste. Elle meurt assassinée lors de l'insurrection spartakiste, à Berlin." data-copyright="Henry Guttmann/ Getty Images" width="731" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Rosa Luxemburg </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Henry Guttmann/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH996187" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Simon Bolivar" href="/media/simon-bolivar-ph996187/"> <img id="PH996187" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/f/csm_ph996187_404f808126.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Simon Bolivar - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le chef révolutionnaire sud-américain Simon Bolivar (1783-1830). Lors des combats pour la libération du Venezuela, en 1813, il reçoit le titre de Libertador." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="776" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Simon Bolivar </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998024" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Thiers" href="/media/thiers-ph998024/"> <img id="PH998024" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/c/csm_ph998024_8cbd297e1b.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Thiers - crédits : Universal History Archive/ Universal Images Group/ Getty Images" data-description="Adolphe Thiers (1797-1877), historien, homme d'État et premier chef du pouvoir exécutif de la IIIe République en 1871." data-copyright="Universal History Archive/ Universal Images Group/ Getty Images" width="748" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Thiers </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Universal History Archive/ Universal Images Group/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH998013" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Toussaint Louverture" href="/media/toussaint-louverture-ph998013/"> <img id="PH998013" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/a/csm_ph998013_cd64ed4d9d.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Toussaint Louverture - crédits : MPI/ Getty Images" data-description="Le général haïtien Toussaint Louverture (1743-1803), figure légendaire de la lutte contre l'esclavage." data-copyright="MPI/ Getty Images" width="810" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Toussaint Louverture </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> MPI/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH994003" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Victoria, impératrice des Indes" href="/media/victoria-imperatrice-des-indes-ph994003/"> <img id="PH994003" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/9/csm_ph994003_e17d71d69c.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Victoria, impératrice des Indes - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="En 1876, le Premier ministre britannique Benjamin Disraeli présenta une loi à la Chambre des communes afin que la reine Victoria prenne le titre d'impératrice des Indes. Sur cette caricature du dessinateur John Tenniel, parue dans l'hebdomadaire satirique Punch en avril 1876, on voit Disraeli…" data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="830" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Victoria, impératrice des Indes </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <p style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; max-width: 100%"> Référence pointe vers un fichier inexistant en BDD : <style> .extbase-debugger-tree{position:relative} .extbase-debugger-tree input{position:absolute !important;float: none !important;top:0;left:0;height:14px;width:14px;margin:0 !important;cursor:pointer;opacity:0;z-index:2} .extbase-debugger-tree input~.extbase-debug-content{display:none} .extbase-debugger-tree 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