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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">World War II military units</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the "Aztec Eagle Squadron" of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Air_Force" title="Mexican Air Force">Mexican Air Force</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Escuadr%C3%B3n_201" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuadrón 201">Escuadrón 201</a>. For the 1942 film, see <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Squadron_(film)" title="Eagle Squadron (film)">Eagle Squadron (film)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Eagle Squadrons</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RAF_Eagle_Squadron_Emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="RAF Eagle Squadron Emblem, 1940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/RAF_Eagle_Squadron_Emblem.svg/150px-RAF_Eagle_Squadron_Emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/RAF_Eagle_Squadron_Emblem.svg/225px-RAF_Eagle_Squadron_Emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/RAF_Eagle_Squadron_Emblem.svg/300px-RAF_Eagle_Squadron_Emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="379" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">RAF Eagle Squadron Emblem, 1940</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">19 September 1940 – 29 September 1942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (September 1942)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Aircraft flown</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miles_Master" title="Miles Master">Miles Master</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Eagle Squadrons</b> were three fighter <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">squadrons</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF) formed with volunteer pilots from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> during the early days of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> (1940), prior to the United States' entry into the war in December 1941. </p><p>With the United States still neutral, many Americans simply crossed the border and joined the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> (RCAF) to learn to fly and fight. Many early recruits had originally gone to Europe to fight for Finland against the Soviet Union in the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Sweeny" title="Charles Francis Sweeny">Charles Sweeny</a>, a wealthy businessman living in London, persuaded the British Government to form an RAF squadron composed of Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-AFM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (His uncle, also named <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sweeny" title="Charles Sweeny">Charles Sweeny</a>, had been working along similar lines, recruiting American pilots to fight in France.<sup id="cite_ref-AFM_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Sweeny's efforts were also coordinated in Canada by the World War I <a href="/wiki/Air_ace" class="mw-redirect" title="Air ace">air ace</a> <a href="/wiki/Billy_Bishop" title="Billy Bishop">Billy Bishop</a> and the artist <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Knight" title="Clayton Knight">Clayton Knight</a>, who formed the <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Knight_Committee" title="Clayton Knight Committee">Clayton Knight Committee</a>, which by the time the United States entered the war, had processed and approved 6,700 applications from Americans to join the RCAF or RAF. Sweeny and his rich society contacts bore the cost (over $100,000) of processing and sending the men to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> for training. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Training">Training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Squadrons&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Air_Force_Flying_Training_Command,_1940-1945._CH1477.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Royal_Air_Force_Flying_Training_Command%2C_1940-1945._CH1477.jpg/220px-Royal_Air_Force_Flying_Training_Command%2C_1940-1945._CH1477.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Royal_Air_Force_Flying_Training_Command%2C_1940-1945._CH1477.jpg/330px-Royal_Air_Force_Flying_Training_Command%2C_1940-1945._CH1477.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Royal_Air_Force_Flying_Training_Command%2C_1940-1945._CH1477.jpg/440px-Royal_Air_Force_Flying_Training_Command%2C_1940-1945._CH1477.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2322" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Miles Masters of No. 5 Service Flying Training School, flown by volunteers for No. 71 (Eagle) Squadron</figcaption></figure> <p>The basic requirements for joining the Eagle Squadron were a high school diploma, age 20 to 31 years, <a href="/wiki/Visual_acuity" title="Visual acuity">visual acuity</a> of 20/40 correctable to 20/20, and 300 hours of certified flying time. These requirements, with the exception of the flight time, were not as strict as those required for service in the United States Army Air Corps, which was why some of the pilots joined the squadron. Most Eagle Squadron pilots did not have a college education or prior military experience. </p><p>Once in <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> and having passed basic flight training, the new pilots were sent for advanced operational training to an operational training unit (OTU) for two to four weeks to learn to fly <a href="/wiki/Miles_Master" title="Miles Master">Miles Master</a> trainers, <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricanes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfires</a> before being ostensibly commissioned as RAF officers and posted to front-line RAF fighter squadrons. The American pilots assigned to the Eagle Squadrons never renounced their US citizenship and although they wore the uniforms and held the rank titles of RAF officers, their dress and duty uniform tunics were modified with the Eagle Squadron patch, a white bald eagle flanked by the letters "ES" for Eagle Squadron. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation_and_evolution">Formation and evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Squadrons&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation and evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three Eagle Squadrons were formed between September 1940 and July 1941. On 29 September 1942, they were turned over to the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Forces">U.S. Army Air Forces</a> and became the <a href="/wiki/4th_Fighter_Group" title="4th Fighter Group">4th Fighter Group</a>. Of the thousands who volunteered, only 244 Americans served with the Eagle Squadrons. Sixteen Britons also served as squadron and flight commanders. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_pilots_of_No_71_%27Eagle%27_Squadron_rush_to_their_Hawker_Hurricanes_at_Kirton-in-Lindsey,_17_March_1941._CH2401.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/American_pilots_of_No_71_%27Eagle%27_Squadron_rush_to_their_Hawker_Hurricanes_at_Kirton-in-Lindsey%2C_17_March_1941._CH2401.jpg/220px-American_pilots_of_No_71_%27Eagle%27_Squadron_rush_to_their_Hawker_Hurricanes_at_Kirton-in-Lindsey%2C_17_March_1941._CH2401.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/American_pilots_of_No_71_%27Eagle%27_Squadron_rush_to_their_Hawker_Hurricanes_at_Kirton-in-Lindsey%2C_17_March_1941._CH2401.jpg/330px-American_pilots_of_No_71_%27Eagle%27_Squadron_rush_to_their_Hawker_Hurricanes_at_Kirton-in-Lindsey%2C_17_March_1941._CH2401.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/American_pilots_of_No_71_%27Eagle%27_Squadron_rush_to_their_Hawker_Hurricanes_at_Kirton-in-Lindsey%2C_17_March_1941._CH2401.jpg/440px-American_pilots_of_No_71_%27Eagle%27_Squadron_rush_to_their_Hawker_Hurricanes_at_Kirton-in-Lindsey%2C_17_March_1941._CH2401.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2441" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>American pilots of No 71 'Eagle' Squadron rush to their Hawker Hurricanes at Kirton-in-Lindsey, 17 March 1941.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first Eagle Squadron, <a href="/wiki/No._71_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 71 Squadron RAF">No. 71 Squadron</a>, was formed in September 1940 as part of the RAF's buildup during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-life1942110237_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life1942110237-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became operational for defensive duties on 5 February 1941. 71 Squadron commenced operations based at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Church_Fenton" title="RAF Church Fenton">RAF Church Fenton</a> in early 1941, before a move to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Kirton-in-Lindsey" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Kirton-in-Lindsey">RAF Kirton-in-Lindsey</a>. In April, the squadron transferred to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Martlesham_Heath" title="RAF Martlesham Heath">RAF Martlesham Heath</a> in Suffolk for operations over Europe. During May, it suffered its first loss when Mike Kolendorski was killed during a fighter sweep over the Netherlands. The intensity of operations stepped up with a move into <a href="/wiki/No._11_Group_RAF" title="No. 11 Group RAF">No 11 Group</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fighter_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Fighter Command">Fighter Command</a>, being based at <a href="/wiki/RAF_North_Weald" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF North Weald">RAF North Weald</a> by June 1941. On June 21, 1941, 22 year-old Nathaniel Maranz became the first American pilot to become a prisoner of war when he was shot down by a Bf 109 over the English Channel and picked up by a German patrol boat after swimming for an hour and a half. He was a prisoner in <a href="/wiki/Stalag_Luft_III" title="Stalag Luft III">Stalag Luft III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The squadron's first confirmed victory came on 21 July 1941 when <a href="/wiki/Pilot_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot Officer">P/O</a> <a href="/wiki/William_R._Dunn_(aviator)" title="William R. Dunn (aviator)">William R. Dunn</a> destroyed a <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Messerschmitt Bf 109</a>F over <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>. In August, 71 Squadron replaced its Hurricanes and Spitfire Mk IIs, before quickly re-equipping with the latest Spitfire Mk Vs. The unit soon established a high reputation, and numerous air kill claims were made in RAF fighter sweeps over the continent during the summer and autumn of 1941. In December, the squadron was rested back at Martlesham Heath, before a move to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Debden" title="RAF Debden">Debden</a> in May 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second Eagle Squadron, <a href="/wiki/No._121_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 121 Squadron RAF">No. 121 Squadron</a>, was formed at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Kirton-in-Lindsey" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Kirton-in-Lindsey">RAF Kirton-in-Lindsey</a> in May 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-life1942110237_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life1942110237-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> flying Hurricanes on coastal convoy escort duties. On 15 September 1941, it destroyed its first German aircraft. The Hurricanes were replaced with Spitfires, and Spitfire Mk Vs arrived in November 1941. The following month, the squadron moved to RAF North Weald, replacing 71 Squadron. In 1942, its offensive activities over the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> included bomber escorts and fighter sweeps.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The third and final Eagle Squadron, <a href="/wiki/No._133_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 133 Squadron RAF">No. 133 Squadron</a>, was formed at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Coltishall" title="RAF Coltishall">RAF Coltishall</a> in July 1941, flying the Hurricane Mk IIb. A move to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Duxford" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Duxford">RAF Duxford</a> followed in August, and re-equipment with the Spitfire Mk V occurred early in 1942. In May, the squadron became part of the famed <a href="/wiki/RAF_Biggin_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Biggin Hill">RAF Biggin Hill</a> Wing. On 31 July 1942, during a bomber escort mission to Abbeville, 133's Spitfires fought 52-kill <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> 'ace' Oblt. <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Pflanz" title="Rudolf Pflanz">Rudolf Pflanz</a> of 11./<a href="/wiki/JG_2" class="mw-redirect" title="JG 2">JG 2</a> in combat; after shooting down one, Pflanz was himself shot down and killed in his <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Messerschmitt Bf 109</a>G-1 over <a href="/wiki/Berck-sur-Mer" class="mw-redirect" title="Berck-sur-Mer">Berck-sur-Mer</a>, France. 133 Squadron claimed three destroyed and one probable, while losing three aircraft. P/O "Jessie" Taylor accounted for two of the claims (a Bf 109F and an <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Focke-Wulf Fw 190</a>) and P/O W. Baker was credited with a Fw 190 destroyed. On 26 September 1942, 11 of the unit's 12 brand new Spitfire Mk IXs were lost on a mission over Morlaix while escorting <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses</a> in heavy cloud cover. Strong winds blew the unit further south than realised and, short of fuel, the squadron let down directly over Brest. Six pilots were shot down and taken prisoner, four were killed, one bailed out and evaded capture, while one crash landed in England. One of the British pilots taken prisoner, Flight Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brettell" title="Gordon Brettell">Gordon Brettell</a>, was later to be shot as one of the escapees in <a href="/wiki/Stalag_Luft_III#The_great_escape" title="Stalag Luft III">The Great Escape</a> from Stalag Luft III in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Personnel_of_No.121_(Eagle)_Squadron_look_on_as_three_Spitfire_Vbs_come_in_to_land_at_RAF_Rochford_in_Essex,_after_a_fighter_sweep_over_northern_France_during_August_1942._D9509.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Personnel_of_No.121_%28Eagle%29_Squadron_look_on_as_three_Spitfire_Vbs_come_in_to_land_at_RAF_Rochford_in_Essex%2C_after_a_fighter_sweep_over_northern_France_during_August_1942._D9509.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Personnel_of_No.121_%28Eagle%29_Squadron_look_on_as_three_Spitfire_Vbs_come_in_to_land_at_RAF_Rochford_in_Essex%2C_after_a_fighter_sweep_over_northern_France_during_August_1942._D9509.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Personnel_of_No.121_%28Eagle%29_Squadron_look_on_as_three_Spitfire_Vbs_come_in_to_land_at_RAF_Rochford_in_Essex%2C_after_a_fighter_sweep_over_northern_France_during_August_1942._D9509.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Personnel of No. 121 Squadron look on as three Spitfire Vbs come in to land at RAF Rochford in Essex, after a fighter sweep over northern France during August 1942.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Dieppe Raid</a> was the only time all three Eagle Squadrons saw action operating together.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No. 71 moved from Debden to Gravesend in mid-August in anticipation of the Dieppe action, while No. 121 operated from Southend. 133 Squadron moved with No. 401 Squadron RCAF from <a href="/wiki/RAF_Biggin_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Biggin Hill">RAF Biggin Hill</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lympne" title="Lympne">Lympne</a> on the English south coast. 71 Squadron claimed a <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_88" title="Junkers Ju 88">Ju 88</a> shot down, 121 an Fw 190, while 133 claimed four Fw 190s, a Ju 88 and a <a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_217" title="Dornier Do 217">Dornier Do 217</a>. Six 'Eagle' Spitfires were lost, with one pilot taken prisoner and one killed. Through to the end of September 1942, the squadrons claimed to have destroyed 73½ German planes while 77 American and 5 British members were killed. 71 Squadron claimed 41 kills, 121 Squadron 18, and 133 Squadron 14½.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpitIntl_Illust3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/SpitIntl_Illust3.JPG/220px-SpitIntl_Illust3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/SpitIntl_Illust3.JPG/330px-SpitIntl_Illust3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/SpitIntl_Illust3.JPG/440px-SpitIntl_Illust3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Spitfire Mk Vb of the <a href="/wiki/334th_Fighter_Squadron" title="334th Fighter Squadron">334th Fighter Squadron</a>, 4th Fighter Group, previously of No. 71 Squadron.</figcaption></figure> <p>When informed of the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, most of the Eagle Squadron pilots wanted to immediately join the fight against <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japan">Imperial Japan</a>. Representatives from 71 and 121 Squadrons went to the American embassy in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and offered their services to the United States. The pilots from 71 Squadron decided they wanted to go to <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> to fight the Japanese and a proposal was put to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Fighter_Command" title="RAF Fighter Command">RAF Fighter Command</a>, but it was turned down. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No._71_Squadron_RAF_badge.png" class="mw-file-description" title="71 Eagle Squadron crest"><img alt="71 Eagle Squadron crest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/No._71_Squadron_RAF_badge.png/96px-No._71_Squadron_RAF_badge.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/No._71_Squadron_RAF_badge.png/144px-No._71_Squadron_RAF_badge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/No._71_Squadron_RAF_badge.png/192px-No._71_Squadron_RAF_badge.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">71 Eagle Squadron crest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No._121_Squadron_RAF_badge.png" class="mw-file-description" title="121 Eagle Squadron crest"><img alt="121 Eagle Squadron crest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/No._121_Squadron_RAF_badge.png/95px-No._121_Squadron_RAF_badge.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/No._121_Squadron_RAF_badge.png/142px-No._121_Squadron_RAF_badge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/No._121_Squadron_RAF_badge.png/190px-No._121_Squadron_RAF_badge.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="379" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">121 Eagle Squadron crest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No._133_Squadron_RAF_badge.png" class="mw-file-description" title="133 Eagle Squadron crest"><img alt="133 Eagle Squadron crest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/No._133_Squadron_RAF_badge.png/99px-No._133_Squadron_RAF_badge.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/No._133_Squadron_RAF_badge.png/149px-No._133_Squadron_RAF_badge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/No._133_Squadron_RAF_badge.png/198px-No._133_Squadron_RAF_badge.png 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="398" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">133 Eagle Squadron crest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:334th-fighter-interceptor-ADC.png" class="mw-file-description" title="334th Fighter Squadron"><img alt="334th Fighter Squadron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/334th-fighter-interceptor-ADC.png/120px-334th-fighter-interceptor-ADC.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/334th-fighter-interceptor-ADC.png/179px-334th-fighter-interceptor-ADC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/334th-fighter-interceptor-ADC.png/239px-334th-fighter-interceptor-ADC.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="301" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/334th_Fighter_Squadron" title="334th Fighter Squadron">334th Fighter Squadron</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:335th_Fighter_Squadron_-_Emblem.png" class="mw-file-description" title="335th Fighter Squadron"><img alt="335th Fighter Squadron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/335th_Fighter_Squadron_-_Emblem.png/93px-335th_Fighter_Squadron_-_Emblem.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/335th_Fighter_Squadron_-_Emblem.png/140px-335th_Fighter_Squadron_-_Emblem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/335th_Fighter_Squadron_-_Emblem.png/187px-335th_Fighter_Squadron_-_Emblem.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/335th_Fighter_Squadron" title="335th Fighter Squadron">335th Fighter Squadron</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:336th_Fighter_Squadron_Emblem_2014.png" class="mw-file-description" title="336th Fighter Squadron"><img alt="336th Fighter Squadron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/336th_Fighter_Squadron_Emblem_2014.png/112px-336th_Fighter_Squadron_Emblem_2014.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/336th_Fighter_Squadron_Emblem_2014.png/167px-336th_Fighter_Squadron_Emblem_2014.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/336th_Fighter_Squadron_Emblem_2014.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/336th_Fighter_Squadron" title="336th Fighter Squadron">336th Fighter Squadron</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>On 29 September 1942, the three squadrons were officially transferred from the RAF to the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a>, with the American pilots becoming officers in the USAAF. The Eagle pilots had earned 12 <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">Distinguished Flying Crosses</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">Distinguished Service Order</a>. Only four of the 34 original Eagle pilots were still present when the squadrons joined the USAAF. Typical were the fates of the eight original pilots in the third squadron: Four died during training, one was disqualified, two died in combat, and one became a prisoner of war. About 100 Eagle pilots had been killed, were missing or were prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-life1942110237_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life1942110237-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Negotiations regarding the transfer between the Eagle Squadrons, the USAAF and the RAF had to resolve a number of issues. The RAF wanted some compensation for losing three front-line squadrons in which they had heavily invested. Determining what rank each pilot would assume in the USAAF also had to be negotiated, with most being given a rank equivalent to their RAF rank. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">flight lieutenant</a> became a USAAF <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States)" title="Captain (United States)">captain</a>, while a <a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">wing commander</a> became a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a>. None of the Eagle Squadron pilots had previously served in the USAAF and did not have US pilot wings. As such, it was decided that they be awarded USAAF pilot wings upon their transfer. Due to their insistence, the Eagle Squadron pilots who transferred to the USAAF 4th Fighter Group were permitted to retain their RAF wings, reduced in size, on the opposite side of their uniform to their new USAAF pilots wings.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spaatz" title="Carl Spaatz">Carl Spaatz</a>, head of the USAAF in Europe, wanted to spread the experience of the Eagles amongst various new US fighter squadrons, but the pilots of the three Eagle Squadrons wanted to stay together. The 71, 121, and 133 Squadrons were renamed by the USAAF as the <a href="/wiki/334th_Fighter_Squadron" title="334th Fighter Squadron">334th</a>, <a href="/wiki/335th_Fighter_Squadron" title="335th Fighter Squadron">335th</a> and <a href="/wiki/336th_Fighter_Squadron" title="336th Fighter Squadron">336th</a> and transferred as complete units, retaining their Spitfires<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until <a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt">P-47 Thunderbolts</a> became available in January 1943. The 4th Fighter Group flew Spitfires until its conversion to P-47s was completed in April 1943. All three units had switched to the <a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">P-51 Mustang</a> by the second half of March 1944. The <a href="/wiki/4th_Fighter_Wing" title="4th Fighter Wing">4th Fighter Wing</a>, along with the 334th, 335th and 336th Fighter Squadrons, exist today as <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15E_Strike_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle">F-15E Strike Eagle</a> units at <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Johnson_Air_Force_Base" title="Seymour Johnson Air Force Base">Seymour Johnson Air Force Base</a> in <a href="/wiki/Goldsboro,_North_Carolina" title="Goldsboro, North Carolina">Goldsboro, North Carolina</a> and are part of the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth Air Force</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Individual_pilots">Individual pilots</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Squadrons&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Individual pilots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_American_pilots_of_No._71_(Eagle)_Squadron_RAF,_Pilot_Officers_A_Mamedoff,_V_C_%27Shorty%27_Keough_and_G_Tobin,_show_off_their_new_squadron_badge_at_Church_Fenton,_Yorkshire,_October_1940._CH1442.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Three_American_pilots_of_No._71_%28Eagle%29_Squadron_RAF%2C_Pilot_Officers_A_Mamedoff%2C_V_C_%27Shorty%27_Keough_and_G_Tobin%2C_show_off_their_new_squadron_badge_at_Church_Fenton%2C_Yorkshire%2C_October_1940._CH1442.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Three_American_pilots_of_No._71_%28Eagle%29_Squadron_RAF%2C_Pilot_Officers_A_Mamedoff%2C_V_C_%27Shorty%27_Keough_and_G_Tobin%2C_show_off_their_new_squadron_badge_at_Church_Fenton%2C_Yorkshire%2C_October_1940._CH1442.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Three_American_pilots_of_No._71_%28Eagle%29_Squadron_RAF%2C_Pilot_Officers_A_Mamedoff%2C_V_C_%27Shorty%27_Keough_and_G_Tobin%2C_show_off_their_new_squadron_badge_at_Church_Fenton%2C_Yorkshire%2C_October_1940._CH1442.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>The first three members of the Eagle Squadrons (left to right): <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mamedoff" title="Andrew Mamedoff">Andrew Mamedoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Keough" title="Vernon Keough">Vernon Keough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Tobin" title="Eugene Tobin">Eugene Tobin</a>, Church Fenton, Yorkshire, October 1940</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Gentile_and_Don_Blakeslee_Distinguished_Service_Cross_presentation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Don_Gentile_and_Don_Blakeslee_Distinguished_Service_Cross_presentation.jpg/220px-Don_Gentile_and_Don_Blakeslee_Distinguished_Service_Cross_presentation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Don_Gentile_and_Don_Blakeslee_Distinguished_Service_Cross_presentation.jpg/330px-Don_Gentile_and_Don_Blakeslee_Distinguished_Service_Cross_presentation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Don_Gentile_and_Don_Blakeslee_Distinguished_Service_Cross_presentation.jpg/440px-Don_Gentile_and_Don_Blakeslee_Distinguished_Service_Cross_presentation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1319" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>General <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> awards the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Service Cross (United States)">Distinguished Service Cross</a> to Captain <a href="/wiki/Don_Gentile" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Gentile">Don Gentile</a> (left) and Colonel <a href="/wiki/Donald_Blakeslee" title="Donald Blakeslee">Donald Blakeslee</a> on 11 April 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first three members of the Eagle Squadrons were:<sup id="cite_ref-Holmes2015_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmes2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Keough" title="Vernon Keough">Vernon Charles "Shorty" Keough</a>, service number 81620</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mamedoff" title="Andrew Mamedoff">Andrew B. Mamedoff</a>, service number 81621</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Tobin" title="Eugene Tobin">Eugene Quimby "Red" Tobin</a>, service number 81622</li></ul> <p>All three had served together in <a href="/wiki/No._609_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 609 Squadron RAF">No. 609 Squadron RAF</a>, at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Middle_Wallop" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Middle Wallop">RAF Middle Wallop</a>. They had joined the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Volunteer_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Volunteer Reserve">RAF Volunteer Reserve</a> (RAFVR) together (receiving consecutive service numbers), were posted to <a href="/wiki/No._609_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 609 Squadron RAF">No. 609 Squadron RAF</a> together, fought in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a> together, and were transferred to 71 Squadron together in September 1940. The trio had also all been killed by the time of the transfer of the Eagle Squadrons to the USAAF in 1942 (from the database of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a> (CWGC): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot Officer">Pilot Officer</a> Keough was killed in February 1941, age 29<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Lieutenant">Flight Lieutenant</a> Mamedoff was killed in October 1941, age 29, after he had been transferred, with a promotion to be a flight commander, to another Eagle Squadron, No. 133 Squadron<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying Officer">Flying Officer</a> Tobin was killed in September 1941, age 24<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Leckrone" title="Phillip Leckrone">Phillip Leckrone</a>, service number 84653, was another Battle of Britain veteran. He was also killed before the USAAF took charge of the Eagle Squadrons. Pilot Officer Leckrone was killed in January 1941, age 28.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lives of these four pilots have been described in <i>The Few</i> by Alex Kershaw.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is reported that Pilot Officer <a href="/wiki/Art_Donahue" title="Art Donahue">Art Donahue</a> <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)">DFC</a> stayed with the Eagle Squadron only a short time before requesting a transfer back to his original RAF unit. He did not appreciate the unruly behavior of many of the American pilots. He was killed in action in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Captain <a href="/wiki/Don_Gentile" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Gentile">Don Gentile</a> was a pilot with 133 Squadron, claiming two air victories, and by March 1944 had become the 4th Fighter Group's top ace in World War II, with 22 aerial kills. </p><p>Colonel <a href="/wiki/Chesley_G._Peterson" title="Chesley G. Peterson">Chesley "Pete" Peterson</a> had 130 sorties with the Eagle Squadrons and became the youngest squadron commander in the RAF. When the Eagle Squadrons were transferred to the 4th Fighter Group, Peterson became the group's executive officer, succeeding to command of the group in April 1943, and becoming at 23 the youngest (at the time) colonel in the USAAF. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Blakeslee" title="Donald Blakeslee">Donald Blakeslee</a> was a pilot in 121 and 133 Squadrons during 1942, making 120 sorties and claiming three aerial kills. He became deputy commander of the 4th Fighter Group under Chesley Peterson, then commanded the group from January to October 1944. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Squadrons&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Squadrons_Memorial" title="Eagle Squadrons Memorial">Eagle Squadrons Memorial</a> is located on <a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Square" title="Grosvenor Square">Grosvenor Square</a> opposite a statue of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>. </p><p>British composer <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_J._Alford" title="Kenneth J. Alford">Kenneth J. Alford</a> wrote a march, "Eagle Squadron", in honour of the pilots of the squadron. It is also a "thank you" to the American pilots: small sections of the <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Spangled_Banner" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Spangled Banner">Star Spangled Banner</a></i> can be heard in the low brass during the trio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Squadrons&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condor_Legion" title="Condor Legion">Condor Legion</a> – Germans who fought for the Nationalists during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Tigers" title="Flying Tigers">Flying Tigers</a> – American volunteers who fought for the Republic of China in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Sino-Japanese War</a> (1937–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Escadrille" title="Lafayette Escadrille">Lafayette Escadrille</a> – American volunteers in the French Air Service during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-British_personnel_in_the_RAF_during_the_Battle_of_Britain" title="Non-British personnel in the RAF during the Battle of Britain">Non-British personnel in the RAF during the Battle of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_7th_Air_Escadrille" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish 7th Air Escadrille">Kościuszko Squadron</a> – American volunteers fighting for Poland in the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> (1919–1921)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Squadrons&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Squadrons&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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.id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMehuron2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Mehuron, Tamar A. (October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airforcemag.com/PDF/MagazineArchive/Documents/2007/October%202007/1007eagle.pdf">"The Eagle Squadrons"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Air Force Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Force+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Eagle+Squadrons&rft.date=2007-10&rft.aulast=Mehuron&rft.aufirst=Tamar+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforcemag.com%2FPDF%2FMagazineArchive%2FDocuments%2F2007%2FOctober%25202007%2F1007eagle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEagle+Squadrons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-life1942110237-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-life1942110237_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-life1942110237_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-life1942110237_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JkAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA37">"Eagles Switch to U. S. Army"</a>. <i>Life</i>. 2 November 1942. p. 37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=Eagles+Switch+to+U.+S.+Army&rft.pages=37&rft.date=1942-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJkAEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEagle+Squadrons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.americanairmuseum.com">http://www.americanairmuseum.com</a>, The Hammond Times, Vol.XXXVI, No. 27 p 57, The Clarion Ledger July 19, 1941, p1, Albuquerque Journal June 24, 1941 Front page, The Daily Oklahoma June 24, 1941, p 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">'Aces High', Shores and Williams, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franks, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Aces High', Shores and Williams, 1994, pages 31, 38, 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tumult in the Clouds: <a href="/wiki/James_A._Goodson" title="James A. Goodson">James A. Goodson</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">133 Squadron had been re-equipped in September 1942 with Spitfire IXs. These aircraft did not transfer to the USAAF and 336th Fighter Squadron formed with Spitfire Vs.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holmes2015-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holmes2015_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2015" class="citation book cs1">Holmes, Tony (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bf1yCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57">"2. Early action"</a>. <i>American Eagles: US Fighter Pilots in the RAF 1939-1945: Rare Photographs from Wartime Archives</i>. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Aviation. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-3566-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-3566-5"><bdi>978-1-4738-3566-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2.+Early+action&rft.btitle=American+Eagles%3A+US+Fighter+Pilots+in+the+RAF+1939-1945%3A+Rare+Photographs+from+Wartime+Archives&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+South+Yorkshire&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Aviation&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4738-3566-5&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBf1yCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEagle+Squadrons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1802649">"Pilot Officer: Keough, Vernon Charles"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pilot+Officer%3A+Keough%2C+Vernon+Charles&rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F1802649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEagle+Squadrons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2667710">"Flight Lieutenant (Pilot): Mamedoff, Andrew B."</a> Commonwealth War Graves Commission.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flight+Lieutenant+%28Pilot%29%3A+Mamedoff%2C+Andrew+B.&rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F2667710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEagle+Squadrons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2278555">"Flying Officer (Pilot): Tobin, Eugene Quimby"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flying+Officer+%28Pilot%29%3A+Tobin%2C+Eugene+Quimby&rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F2278555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEagle+Squadrons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2358538">"Pilot Officer (Pilot): Leckrone, Philip Howard"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pilot+Officer+%28Pilot%29%3A+Leckrone%2C+Philip+Howard&rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F2358538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEagle+Squadrons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kershaw, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/232337">"Flight Lieutenant: Donahue, Arthur Gerald"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flight+Lieutenant%3A+Donahue%2C+Arthur+Gerald&rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F232337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEagle+Squadrons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donahue, 1942.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Squadrons&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Caine, Philip D. <i>American Pilots in the RAF: The WWII Eagle Squadrons</i>. Brassey's, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-881070-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-881070-8">0-02-881070-8</a>.</li> <li>Childers, James Saxon. <i>War Eagles: The Story of the Eagle Squadron</i>. Windmill Press, 1943. <ul><li>Republished by Eagle Publishing in 1983, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-941624-71-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-941624-71-4">0-941624-71-4</a>. Same as the 1943 edition, except it has an epilogue of the members as of 1982.</li></ul></li> <li>Donahue, Arthur Gerald. <i>Tally-Ho! Yankee in a Spitfire</i>. McMillan & Company, 1942.</li> <li>Dunn, William R. <i>Fighter Pilot: The First American Ace of World War II</i>. University of Kentucky Press, 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-1465-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-1465-9">0-8131-1465-9</a>.</li> <li>Franks, Norman. <i>The Greatest Air Battle: Dieppe, 19 August 1942</i>. London: Grub Street, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948817-58-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-948817-58-5">0-948817-58-5</a>.</li> <li>Fydenchuk, W. Peter. <i>Immigrants of War: Americans Serving With the RAF and RCAF During World War II</i>. WPF Publications, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9737523-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9737523-0-0">0-9737523-0-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Goodson" title="James A. Goodson">Goodson, James A.</a> and Norman Franks. <i>Over-Paid, Over-Sexed and Over-Here</i>. Wingham Press Ltd., 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-873454-09-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-873454-09-0">1-873454-09-0</a>.</li> <li>Goodson, James A. <i>Tumult in the Clouds</i>. NAL Trade, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0451211987" title="Special:BookSources/0451211987">0451211987</a></li> <li>Haughland, Vern. <i>Caged Eagles: Downed American Fighter Pilots, 1940–45</i>. TAB Books, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8306-2146-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8306-2146-6">0-8306-2146-6</a>.</li> <li>Haughland, Vern. <i>The Eagle Squadrons: Yanks in the RAF, 1940–1942</i>. Ziff-Davis Flying Books, 1979. <ul><li>Republished by TAB Books in 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8306-2146-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8306-2146-6">0-8306-2146-6</a>, with all the photos different from the 1st edition.</li></ul></li> <li>Haughland, Vern. <i>The Eagles' War: The Saga of the Eagle Squadron Pilots, 1940–1945</i>. Jason Aronson, Inc., 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87668-495-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87668-495-9">0-87668-495-9</a>. <ul><li>Republished by TAB Books in 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8306-2145-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8306-2145-8">0-8306-2145-8</a>, with all the photos different from the 1st edition.</li></ul></li> <li>Holmes, Tony. <i>American Eagles: American Volunteers in the R.A.F., 1937–1943</i>. Classic Publications, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903223-16-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-903223-16-4">1-903223-16-4</a>.</li> <li>Kershaw, Alex. <i>The Few</i>. Da Capo Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-81303-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-81303-3">0-306-81303-3</a>.</li> <li>Morris, John T. <i>The Lives of an American Eagle</i>. Mulberry River Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9636529-9-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9636529-9-0">0-9636529-9-0</a>.</li> <li>Nelson, Kenneth James, CD. <i>Spitfire RCW: The Wartime Exploits of Wing Commander Royce Clifford Wilkinson <a href="/wiki/OBE" class="mw-redirect" title="OBE">OBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Medal" title="Distinguished Flying Medal">DFM</a> & Bar, <a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1939%E2%80%931945" class="mw-redirect" title="Croix de guerre 1939–1945">C.de G.</a>(France)</i>. Hignall Printing Ltd., 1994.</li> <li>Sweeny, Charles and Colonel James A. Goodson. <i>Sweeny: The autobiography of Charles Sweeny</i>. Harrop Press Ltd., 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-872809-00-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-872809-00-6">1-872809-00-6</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Squadrons&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eagle_Squadrons" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Eagle Squadrons">Eagle Squadrons</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterprovenzano.com">Peter Provenzano: A Digital Memoir of World War II as a Pilot in the RAF and USAAF</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061018140524/http://acesofww2.com/Eagle_Sq/eagleSq.htm">List of Eagle Squadron Aces</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_z2fVNnI6ms">RAF Eagle Squadron</a> (historic video)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northwealdairfieldhistory.org/content/eagle-squadrons">Eagle Squadrons at RAF North Weald, UK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wyrdlight.com/brookcwgc/eaglebmcpop.html">Eagle Squadron pilots buried at Brookwood Military Cemetery & Charles Sweeny's grave marker</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.4thfightergroupassociation.org">Eagle Squadrons became the USAAF 4th Fighter Group on 29 September 1942</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Air_Defence_of_Great_Britain_during_the_Second_World_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WW2AirDefenceUK" title="Template:WW2AirDefenceUK"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WW2AirDefenceUK" title="Template talk:WW2AirDefenceUK"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WW2AirDefenceUK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WW2AirDefenceUK"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Air_Defence_of_Great_Britain_during_the_Second_World_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Air_Defence_of_Great_Britain" title="Air Defence of Great Britain">Air Defence of Great Britain</a> during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">Strategic bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">Night fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Wing" title="Big Wing">Big Wing formation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dowding" title="Hugh Dowding">Hugh Dowding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Portal,_1st_Viscount_Portal_of_Hungerford" title="Charles Portal, 1st Viscount Portal of Hungerford">Charles Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Newall,_1st_Baron_Newall" title="Cyril Newall, 1st Baron Newall">Cyril Newall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford_Leigh-Mallory" title="Trafford Leigh-Mallory">Trafford Leigh-Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Park" title="Keith Park">Keith Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sholto_Douglas,_1st_Baron_Douglas_of_Kirtleside" title="Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside">Sholto Douglas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Alfred_Pile" title="Frederick Alfred Pile">Frederick Pile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Scientists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Victor_Jones" title="Reginald Victor Jones">R. V. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Watson-Watt" title="Robert Watson-Watt">Robert Watson-Watt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Command_(military_formation)" title="Command (military formation)">Commands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Fighter_Command" title="RAF Fighter Command">RAF Fighter Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Balloon_Command" title="RAF Balloon Command">RAF Balloon Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Coastal_Command" title="RAF Coastal Command">RAF Coastal Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Aircraft_Command" title="Anti-Aircraft Command">Anti-Aircraft Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command" title="RAF Bomber Command">RAF Bomber Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_(military_unit)" title="Group (military unit)">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._9_Group_RAF" title="No. 9 Group RAF">No. 9 Group RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._10_Group_RAF" title="No. 10 Group RAF">No. 10 Group RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._11_Group_RAF" title="No. 11 Group RAF">No. 11 Group RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._12_Group_RAF" title="No. 12 Group RAF">No. 12 Group RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._13_Group_RAF" title="No. 13 Group RAF">No. 13 Group RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._14_Group_RAF" title="No. 14 Group RAF">No. 14 Group RAF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Army_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Corps">AA Corps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Anti-Aircraft_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="I Anti-Aircraft Corps (United Kingdom)">I AA Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II_Anti-Aircraft_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="II Anti-Aircraft Corps (United Kingdom)">II AA Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Anti-Aircraft_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="III Anti-Aircraft Corps (United Kingdom)">III AA Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">AA Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="1st Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">1 AA Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="2nd Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">2 AA Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="3rd Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">3 AA Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">4 AA Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="5th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">5 AA Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="6th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">6 AA Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">7 AA Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="8th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">8 AA Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="9th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">9 AA Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="10th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">10 AA Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">11 AA Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="12th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">12 AA Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Other units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Battle_of_Britain_airfields" title="List of Battle of Britain airfields">Battle of Britain airfields</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eagle Squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Observer_Corps" title="Royal Observer Corps">Royal Observer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Auxiliary_Air_Force" title="Women's Auxiliary Air Force">Women's Auxiliary Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="line-height:1.2em;padding:0.25em 0;">Campaigns and<br />operations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baedeker_Blitz" title="Baedeker Blitz">Baedeker raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Steinbock" title="Operation Steinbock">Operation <i>Steinbock</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow">Operation <i>Crossbow</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Diver" title="Operation Diver">Operation <i>Diver</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gisela" title="Operation Gisela">Operation <i>Gisela</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">Beaufighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Defiant" title="Boulton Paul Defiant">Defiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloster_Meteor" title="Gloster Meteor">Meteor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">Mosquito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Tempest" title="Hawker Tempest">Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Typhoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrage_balloon" title="Barrage balloon">Barrage balloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Beams" title="Battle of the Beams">Battle of the Beams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radar" title="History of radar">Radar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chain_Home" title="Chain Home">Chain Home</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-weapons" title="V-weapons">German V weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Raid_Precautions" title="Air Raid Precautions">Air Raid Precautions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:RAF_WWII_Strategic_Bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:RAF WWII Strategic Bombing">RAF strategic bombing offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a></li></ul> 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