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Usman</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Aliyu D. Usman"> <meta name="keywords" content="Aliyu D. Usman"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Aliyu D. 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Usman"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 203</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Aliyu D. Usman</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Hybrid Concrete Construction (HCC) for Sustainable Infrastructure Development in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bello%20Ibrahim">Muhammad Bello Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Auwal%20Zakari"> M. Auwal Zakari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Usman"> Aliyu Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hybrid concrete construction (HCC) combines all the benefits of pre-casting with the advantages of cast in-situ construction. Merging the two, as a hybrid structure, results in even greater construction speed, value, and the overall economy. Its variety of uses has gained popularity in the United States and in Europe due to its distinctive benefits. However, the increase of its application in some countries (including Nigeria) has been relatively slow. Several researches have shown that hybrid construction offers an ultra-high performance concrete that offers superior strength, durability and aesthetics with design flexibility and within sustainability credentials, based on the available and economically visible technologies. This paper examines and documents the criterion that will help inform the process of deciding whether or not to adopt hybrid concrete construction (HCC) technology rather than more traditional alternatives. It also the present situation of design, construction and research on hybrid structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20concrete%20construction" title="hybrid concrete construction">hybrid concrete construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20infrastructure%20development" title=" sustainable infrastructure development"> sustainable infrastructure development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20flexibility" title=" design flexibility"> design flexibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23660/hybrid-concrete-construction-hcc-for-sustainable-infrastructure-development-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">561</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activities of Tapinanthus dodoneifolius Leaves Extracts against Some Selected Clinical Isolates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isa%20Usman%20Balan">Isa Usman Balan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Aliyu"> Umar Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Tijjani%20Muhammed"> Ahmad Tijjani Muhammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The laboratory scale experiment was conducted to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activities of epiphytic neem leaves (Tapinanthusdodoneifolius) extracts on some selected clinical isolates. The samples were collected using polythene bags to avoid unnecessary contamination of the plants, and they were collected from the old site garden of the BUK. The phytochemical screening and antibacterial test were carried out in the Chemistry and Biology laboratory, respectively at Bayero University Kano (BUK). The result obtained showed that carbohydrates, glycosides, steroids, alkaloids, phenol, saponins and flavonoids are present in the ethanolic extract. However, chloroform extract showed only glycosides, phenols, and carbohydrates. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the ethanolic extracts and bacterial isolates (p<0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20screening" title="phytochemical screening">phytochemical screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20isolates" title=" clinical isolates"> clinical isolates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epiphytic%20neem%20leaves" title=" epiphytic neem leaves"> epiphytic neem leaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tapinanthus%20dodoneifolius" title=" Tapinanthus dodoneifolius"> Tapinanthus dodoneifolius</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183330/phytochemical-screening-and-antibacterial-activities-of-tapinanthus-dodoneifolius-leaves-extracts-against-some-selected-clinical-isolates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> E-Service and the Nigerian Banking Sector: A Review of ATM Architecture and Operations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashir%20Aliyu%20Yauri">Bashir Aliyu Yauri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rufai%20Aliyu%20Yauri"> Rufai Aliyu Yauri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the introduction of cash-less society policy by the Central Bank of Nigeria, the concept of e-banking services has experienced a significant improvement over the years. Today quite a number of people are embracing e-banking activities especially ATM, thereby moving away from the conventional banking system. This paper presents a review of the underlying Architectural Layout of Intra-Bank and Inter-Bank ATM connectivity in Nigeria. The paper further investigates and discusses factors affecting the Intra-Bank and Inter-Bank ATM connectivity in Nigeria. And as well possible solutions to these factors affecting ATM Connectivity and Operations are proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20layout" title="architectural layout">architectural layout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20teller%20machine" title=" automated teller machine"> automated teller machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-services" title=" e-services"> e-services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postilion" title=" postilion"> postilion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36913/e-service-and-the-nigerian-banking-sector-a-review-of-atm-architecture-and-operations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">633</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Application of Facilities Management Practice in High Rise Commercial Properties: Jos in Perpective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Ahmad%20Aliyu">Aliyu Ahmad Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Ahmad"> Abubakar Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umar%20Bello"> Muhammad Umar Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozilah%20Kasim"> Rozilah Kasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Martin"> David Martin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article studied the application of facilities management practice in high rise commercial properties. Convenience sampling technique was used in administering questionnaires to the 60 respondents who responded to the survey. It was found out that the extent of application of facilities management in the subject properties is better described as below average. Similarly, the most frequently tools of facilities management in use and employed in the properties were outsourcing and in-house sourcing. This was influenced by the level of their familiarity with the tools. Planned and Preventive maintenance should be taken regularly in other to enhance the effectiveness of the facilities management and to satisfy both the owner and customers of the organization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20properties" title="commercial properties">commercial properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facilities%20management" title=" facilities management"> facilities management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-rise%20buildings" title=" high-rise buildings"> high-rise buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%20metropolis%20and%20outsourcing" title=" Jos metropolis and outsourcing"> Jos metropolis and outsourcing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14275/application-of-facilities-management-practice-in-high-rise-commercial-properties-jos-in-perpective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Slugging Frequency Correlation for High Viscosity Oil-Gas Flow in Horizontal Pipeline </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Y.%20Danjuma">B. Y. Danjuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Archibong-Eso"> A. Archibong-Eso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20M.%20Aliyu"> Aliyu M. Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yeung"> H. Yeung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this experimental investigation, a new data for slugging frequency for high viscosity oil-gas flow are reported. Scale experiments were carried out using a mixture of air and mineral oil as the liquid phase in a 17 m long horizontal pipe with 0.0762 ID. The data set was acquired using two high-speed Gamma Densitometers at a data acquisition frequency of 250 Hz over a time interval of 30 seconds. For the range of flow conditions investigated, increase in liquid oil viscosity was observed to strongly influence the slug frequency. A comparison of the present data with prediction models available in the literature revealed huge discrepancies. A new correlation incorporating the effect of viscosity on slug frequency has been proposed for the horizontal flow, which represents the main contribution of this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20densitometer" title="gamma densitometer">gamma densitometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20pattern" title=" flow pattern"> flow pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20gradient" title=" pressure gradient"> pressure gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slug%20frequency" title=" slug frequency"> slug frequency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36688/slugging-frequency-correlation-for-high-viscosity-oil-gas-flow-in-horizontal-pipeline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Agricultural Solid Wastes Generation in Nigeria and Their Recycling Potentials into Building Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Aliyu%20Jalam">Usman Aliyu Jalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuaibu%20Alolo%20Sumaila"> Shuaibu Alolo Sumaila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%E2%80%99adiya%20Iliyasu%20Muhammed"> Sa’adiya Iliyasu Muhammed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern building industry lays much emphasis on sophisticated materials that have high embodied energy with intrinsic distinctiveness for damaging the environment. But today, advances in solid waste management have resulted in alternative building materials as partial or complete replacement of the conventional materials like cement, aggregate etc particularly for low cost housing. Investigations carried out revealed that an estimated 18.0 million tonnes of agricultural solid wastes are being generated in Nigeria annually. This constitutes a problem not only to the natural environment but also to the built environment more particularly with the way the wastes are being dispose of. The paper has discussed the present status on the generation and utilisation of agricultural solid wastes, their recycling potentials and environmental implications. It further discovered that although considerable quantity of these wastes were found to have the potentials of being recycled as building materials, the availability of the appropriate technology remains a big challenge in the country. Moreover, majority of the wastes type have gained popularity as fuel. As such, the economic and environmental benefits of recycling the wastes and the use of the wastes as fuel need further investigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20waste" title="agricultural waste">agricultural waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title=" building"> building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials" title=" materials"> materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6662/agricultural-solid-wastes-generation-in-nigeria-and-their-recycling-potentials-into-building-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Study of Low Loading Heavier Phase in Horizontal Oil-Water Liquid-Liquid Pipe Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminu%20J.%20A.%20Koguna">Aminu J. A. Koguna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20M.%20Aliyu"> Aliyu M. Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olawale%20T.%20Fajemidupe"> Olawale T. Fajemidupe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahaya%20D.%20Baba"> Yahaya D. Baba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Production fluids are transported from the platform to tankers or process facilities through transfer pipelines. Water being one of the heavier phases tends to settle at the bottom of pipelines especially at low flow velocities and this has adverse consequences for pipeline integrity. On restart after a shutdown this could result in corrosion and issues for process equipment, thus the need to have the heavier liquid dispersed into the flowing lighter fluid. This study looked at the flow regime of low water cut and low flow velocity oil and water flow using conductive film thickness probes in a large diameter 4-inch pipe to obtain oil and water interface height and the interface structural velocity. A wide range of 0.1–1.0 m/s oil and water mixture velocities was investigated for 0.5–5% water cut. Two fluid model predictions were used to compare with the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20height" title="interface height">interface height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid" title=" liquid"> liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20regime" title=" flow regime"> flow regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersed" title=" dispersed"> dispersed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20cut" title=" water cut"> water cut</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38742/study-of-low-loading-heavier-phase-in-horizontal-oil-water-liquid-liquid-pipe-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Hidden Critical Risk in the Construction Industry’s Technological Adoption: Cybercrime</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuruddeen%20Usman">Nuruddeen Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Mohammed%20Gidado"> Usman Mohammed Gidado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ahmad%20Ibrahim"> Muhammad Ahmad Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction industry is one of the sectors that are eyeing adoption of ICT for its development due to the advancement in technology. Though, many manufacturing sectors had been using it, but construction industry was left behind, especially in the developing nation like Nigeria. On account of that, the objective of this study is to conceptually and quantitatively synthesise whether the slow adoption of ICT by the construction industries can be attributable to cybercrime threats. The result of the investigation found that, the risk of cybercrime, and lack of adequate cyber security policies that can enforce and punish defaulters are among the things that hinder ICT adoption of the Nigerian construction industries. Therefore, there is need for the nations to educate their citizens on cybercrime risk, and to establish cybercrime police units that can be monitoring and controlling all online communications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20industry" title="construction industry">construction industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cybercrime" title=" cybercrime"> cybercrime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20and%20communication%20technology%20adoption" title=" information and communication technology adoption"> information and communication technology adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36620/hidden-critical-risk-in-the-construction-industrys-technological-adoption-cybercrime" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Arabic Scholar’s Governance Advocacy and Nigeria’s National Security in Nigeria: Perspective of Al-Shaykh Usman Bin Fodio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Jamiu%20Abdullahi">Mohammad Jamiu Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shykh%20Ahmed%20Abdussalam"> Shykh Ahmed Abdussalam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emergence of Arabic on the shore of West Africa heralded the practise of Islam and advocation for a just and egalitarian society. Islam, it was argued, has been perverted and subverted by the Hausa leadership. This necessitated the call for reforming Islam. Al-Shaykh Usman Bin Fodio grabbed the opportunity and fought the perverts to restore the glory of Islam and establish shari'ah way of life. This was the practice, especially in the northern part of Nigeria until the incursion of colonialism. The conquest of the colonial master halted the rule of jihadi leaderships and subjected them to colonialism under which only some aspects of Islamic system considered potentially beneficial to the British interest were retained. The current socio-political and economic crises in Nigeria has necessitated the need to look inwardly to the bulk of works, in Arabic, left behind by the Muslim scholars to help to salvage the country from its present political crisis, economic paralysis and legal decadence. This paper, therefore, examines the relevance of Arabic literary works that housed political/legal theories to salvaging the country from its present political crises, economic paralysis and legal decadence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20Fodio%20Nigeria%20security" title="Arabic Fodio Nigeria security">Arabic Fodio Nigeria security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advocacy%20governance%20scholar%20Usman" title=" advocacy governance scholar Usman"> advocacy governance scholar Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20perspective%20shaykh" title=" British colonial perspective shaykh"> British colonial perspective shaykh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20Islam%20jihad%20politics" title=" leadership Islam jihad politics"> leadership Islam jihad politics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71774/arabic-scholars-governance-advocacy-and-nigerias-national-security-in-nigeria-perspective-of-al-shaykh-usman-bin-fodio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> An Assessment of the Factors Affecting Green Building Technology (GBT) Adoption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuruddeen%20Usman">Nuruddeen Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Mohammed%20Gidado"> Usman Mohammed Gidado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A construction and post construction activity in buildings contributes to environmental degradation, because of the generation of solid waste during construction to the production of carbon dioxide by the occupants during utilization. These problems were caused as a result of lack of adopting green building technology during and after construction. However, this study aims at conceptualizing the factors that are affecting the adoption of green building technology with a view to suggest better ways for its successful adoption in the construction industry through developing a green building technology model. Thus, the research findings show that: Economic, social, cultural, and technological progresses are the factors affecting Green Building Technology Adoption. Therefore, identifying these factors and developing the model might help in the successful adoption of green building technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building%20technology" title="green building technology">green building technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title=" construction"> construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20construction" title=" post construction"> post construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17350/an-assessment-of-the-factors-affecting-green-building-technology-gbt-adoption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">661</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Pareto System of Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Radial Distribution Networks Using Particle Swarm Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sani%20M.%20Lawal">Sani M. Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idris%20Musa"> Idris Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20D.%20Usman"> Aliyu D. Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Pareto approach of optimal solutions in a search space that evolved in multi-objective optimization problems is adopted in this paper, which stands for a set of solutions in the search space. This paper aims at presenting an optimal placement of Distributed Generation (DG) in radial distribution networks with an optimal size for minimization of power loss and voltage deviation as well as maximizing voltage profile of the networks. And these problems are formulated using particle swarm optimization (PSO) as a constraint nonlinear optimization problem with both locations and sizes of DG being continuous. The objective functions adopted are the total active power loss function and voltage deviation function. The multiple nature of the problem, made it necessary to form a multi-objective function in search of the solution that consists of both the DG location and size. The proposed PSO algorithm is used to determine optimal placement and size of DG in a distribution network. The output indicates that PSO algorithm technique shows an edge over other types of search methods due to its effectiveness and computational efficiency. The proposed method is tested on the standard IEEE 34-bus and validated with 33-bus test systems distribution networks. Results indicate that the sizing and location of DG are system dependent and should be optimally selected before installing the distributed generators in the system and also an improvement in the voltage profile and power loss reduction have been achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20generation" title="distributed generation">distributed generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pareto" title=" pareto"> pareto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20loss" title=" power loss"> power loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20deviation" title=" voltage deviation"> voltage deviation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54635/pareto-system-of-optimal-placement-and-sizing-of-distributed-generation-in-radial-distribution-networks-using-particle-swarm-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Subjective Quality Assessment for Impaired Videos with Varying Spatial and Temporal Information</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rehan%20Usman">Muhammad Rehan Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arslan%20Usman"> Muhammad Arslan Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo%20Young%20Shin"> Soo Young Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The new era of digital communication has brought up many challenges that network operators need to overcome. The high demand of mobile data rates require improved networks, which is a challenge for the operators in terms of maintaining the quality of experience (QoE) for their consumers. In live video transmission, there is a sheer need for live surveillance of the videos in order to maintain the quality of the network. For this purpose objective algorithms are employed to monitor the quality of the videos that are transmitted over a network. In order to test these objective algorithms, subjective quality assessment of the streamed videos is required, as the human eye is the best source of perceptual assessment. In this paper we have conducted subjective evaluation of videos with varying spatial and temporal impairments. These videos were impaired with frame freezing distortions so that the impact of frame freezing on the quality of experience could be studied. We present subjective Mean Opinion Score (MOS) for these videos that can be used for fine tuning the objective algorithms for video quality assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frame%20freezing" title="frame freezing">frame freezing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20opinion%20score" title=" mean opinion score"> mean opinion score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objective%20assessment" title=" objective assessment"> objective assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjective%20evaluation" title=" subjective evaluation"> subjective evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26962/subjective-quality-assessment-for-impaired-videos-with-varying-spatial-and-temporal-information" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Investigating the Effect of Using Amorphous Silica Ash Obtained from Rice Husk as a Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement on the Mechanical and Microstructure Properties of Cement Paste and Mortar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Usman">Aliyu Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhaammed%20Bello%20Ibrahim"> Muhaammed Bello Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20D.%20Amartey"> Yusuf D. Amartey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jibrin%20M.%20Kaura"> Jibrin M. Kaura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is aimed at investigating the effect of using amorphous silica ash (ASA) obtained from rice husk as a partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) on the mechanical and microstructure properties of cement paste and mortar. ASA was used in partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement in the following percentages 3 percent, 5 percent, 8 percent and 10 percent. These partial replacements were used to produce Cement-ASA paste and Cement-ASA mortar. ASA was found to contain all the major chemical compounds found in cement with the exception of alumina, which are SiO2 (91.5%), CaO (2.84%), Fe2O3 (1.96%), and loss on ignition (LOI) was found to be 9.18%. It also contains other minor oxides found in cement. Consistency of Cement-ASA paste was found to increase with increase in ASA replacement. Likewise, the setting time and soundness of the Cement-ASA paste also increases with increase in ASA replacements. The test on hardened mortar were destructive in nature which include flexural strength test on prismatic beam (40mm x 40mm x 160mm) at 2, 7, 14 and 28 days curing and compressive strength test on the cube size (40mm x 40mm, by using the auxiliary steel platens) at 2,7,14 and 28 days curing. The Cement-ASA mortar flexural and compressive strengths were found to be increasing with curing time and decreases with cement replacement by ASA. It was observed that 5 percent replacement of cement with ASA attained the highest strength for all the curing ages and all the percentage replacements attained the targeted compressive strength of 6N/mm2 for 28 days. There is an increase in the drying shrinkage of Cement-ASA mortar with curing time, it was also observed that the drying shrinkages for all the curing ages were greater than the control specimen all of which were greater than the code recommendation of less than 0.03%. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the Cement-ASA mortar microstructure and to also look for hydration product and morphology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amorphous%20silica%20ash" title="amorphous silica ash">amorphous silica ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20mortar" title=" cement mortar"> cement mortar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20paste" title=" cement paste"> cement paste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscope" title=" scanning electron microscope"> scanning electron microscope</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79373/investigating-the-effect-of-using-amorphous-silica-ash-obtained-from-rice-husk-as-a-partial-replacement-of-ordinary-portland-cement-on-the-mechanical-and-microstructure-properties-of-cement-paste-and-mortar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> Multi-Stage Classification for Lung Lesion Detection on CT Scan Images Applying Medical Image Processing Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnaz%20Sohani">Behnaz Sohani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahand%20Shahalinezhad"> Sahand Shahalinezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Rahmani"> Amir Rahmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Aliyu"> Aliyu Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, medical imaging and specifically medical image processing is becoming one of the most dynamically developing areas of medical science. It has led to the emergence of new approaches in terms of the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various diseases. In the process of diagnosis of lung cancer, medical professionals rely on computed tomography (CT) scans, in which failure to correctly identify masses can lead to incorrect diagnosis or sampling of lung tissue. Identification and demarcation of masses in terms of detecting cancer within lung tissue are critical challenges in diagnosis. In this work, a segmentation system in image processing techniques has been applied for detection purposes. Particularly, the use and validation of a novel lung cancer detection algorithm have been presented through simulation. This has been performed employing CT images based on multilevel thresholding. The proposed technique consists of segmentation, feature extraction, and feature selection and classification. More in detail, the features with useful information are selected after featuring extraction. Eventually, the output image of lung cancer is obtained with 96.3% accuracy and 87.25%. The purpose of feature extraction applying the proposed approach is to transform the raw data into a more usable form for subsequent statistical processing. Future steps will involve employing the current feature extraction method to achieve more accurate resulting images, including further details available to machine vision systems to recognise objects in lung CT scan images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer%20detection" title="lung cancer detection">lung cancer detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20segmentation" title=" image segmentation"> image segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20computed%20tomography%20%28CT%29%20images" title=" lung computed tomography (CT) images"> lung computed tomography (CT) images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20image%20processing" title=" medical image processing"> medical image processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168847/multi-stage-classification-for-lung-lesion-detection-on-ct-scan-images-applying-medical-image-processing-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> Electrical Geophysical and Physiochemical Assessment of the Impact of Environmental Pollution on the Groundwater Potential of a Waste Land fill at Tudun Murtala in Nassarawa Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Maitama%20Yusuf%20Hotoro">Abubakar Maitama Yusuf Hotoro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olokpo%20Israel%20Olofu"> Olokpo Israel Olofu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20U.%20Tarauni"> Yusuf U. Tarauni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mudassir%20A.%20Umar"> Mudassir A. Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20A"> Aliyu A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahiru%20Garba%20Diso"> Dahiru Garba Diso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20H.%20Jamoh"> Usman H. Jamoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sale"> M. Sale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study assessed the impact of environmental pollution on groundwater potential at Tudun Murtala waste land fill using electrical resistivity, induced polarization and Physiochemical methods. The study area is located between latitude 12.023678N and longitude 8.573676 E. Geophysical data were collected at maximum length of 140m along twelve profiles using ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000. Results from the Geophysical analysis showed that the profiles were underlain by three lithological layers; the top layer consisting of Loamy and Sand soils, alluvium, granite, shale and sandstone. The second and third layers were predominantly made of weathered and fractured basements respectively. The potential groundwater water bearing zones of the study area occurred at VES2, VES4, VES5, VES6 and VES7. The thicknesses of the sounding points were found to be 20.8m at VES2; 25.2m at VES4; 13.2m at VES5; 50.8m at VES6 and 13.3m at VES7. The corresponding depths for the sounding points were 20.8m at VES2; 27.9m at VES4; 26.7m at VES5; 51.6m at VES6 and 24.9m at VES7 respectively. The Physiochemical study of selected groundwater samples assessed parameters such as the Electrical Conductivity, EC (288dS/m to 1365dS/m), TDS (170.8mg/L to 820mg/L) Pb (0.546mg/l to 0.629mg/l), Cu (-0.001mg/l to 0.004mg/l), and Cd (0.031mg/l to 0.092mg/l). The physiochemical results showed that the groundwater around the dumpsite may have been contaminated, especially in Dumpsite Hole 1 and Hole 2 at VES4 and VES6 respectively. There are indications for suspected leachate mitigation around the two VES points. Even though, the pH values of 6.4 and 6.2 at the two sounding points were considered to be within the permissible pH range (6.5 to 6.8). The values of other elements present in the groundwater for the samples at other VES points were found to be above permissible WHO and Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity%20induced%20polarization" title="resistivity induced polarization">resistivity induced polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chargeability" title=" chargeability"> chargeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill" title=" landfill"> landfill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leachate" title=" leachate"> leachate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179091/electrical-geophysical-and-physiochemical-assessment-of-the-impact-of-environmental-pollution-on-the-groundwater-potential-of-a-waste-land-fill-at-tudun-murtala-in-nassarawa-local-government-area-kano-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Islamic Finance and Trade Promotion in the African Continental Free Trade Area: An Exploratory Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehu%20Usman%20Rano%20Aliyu">Shehu Usman Rano Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the significance of finance as a major trade lubricant, evidence in the literature alludes to its scarcity and increasing cost, especially in developing countries where small and medium-scale enterprises are worst affected. The creation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA) in 2018, an organ of the African Union (AU), was meant to serve as a beacon for deepening economic integration through the removal of trade barriers inhibiting intra-African trade and movement of persons, among others. Hence, this research explores the role Islamic trade finance (ITF) could play in spurring intra- and inter-African trade. The study involves six countries; Egypt, Kenya, Malaysia, Morocco, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia, and employs survey research, a total of 430 sample data, and SmartPLS Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) techniques in its analyses. We find strong evidence that Shari’ah, legal and regulatory compliance issues of the ITF institutions rhythm with the internal, national, and international compliance requirements equally as the unique instruments applied in ITF. In addition, ITF was found to be largely driven by global economic and political stability, socially responsible finance, ethical and moral considerations, risk-sharing, and resilience of the global Islamic finance industry. Further, SMEs, Governments, and Importers are the major beneficiary sectors. By and large, AfCFTA’s protocols align with the principles of ITF and are therefore suited for the proliferation of Islamic finance in the continent. And, while AML/KYC and BASEL requirements, compliance to AAOIFI and IFSB standards, paucity of Shari'ah experts, threats to global security, and increasing global economic uncertainty pose as major impediments, the future of ITF would be shaped by a greater need for institutional and policy support, global economic cum political stability, robust regulatory framework, and digital technology/fintech. The study calls for the licensing of more ITF institutions in the continent, participation of multilateral institutions in ITF, and harmonization of Shariah standards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AfCFTA" title="AfCFTA">AfCFTA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20trade%20finance" title=" islamic trade finance"> islamic trade finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=murabaha" title=" murabaha"> murabaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=letter%20of%20credit" title=" letter of credit"> letter of credit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forwarding" title=" forwarding"> forwarding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182935/islamic-finance-and-trade-promotion-in-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-an-exploratory-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> Municipal Solid Waste Management Characteristics and Management Challenges in Bauchi Metropolitan Area, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruna%20Abdu%20Usman">Haruna Abdu Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashir%20Usman%20Mohammed">Bashir Usman Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Umar%20Jamil">Mohammed Umar Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Municipal solid waste management constitutes a serious problem bedeviling environmental protection agencies in many cities of developing countries. Most agencies do not collect the totality of the waste generated in their cities. This study presents the current solid waste management practices and problems in Bauchi metropolis, Bauchi state Nigeria. The general feature is characterized by inefficient, insufficient and irrational collection and improper disposal alternatives. The consequent environmental effects of these problems depict clogged city drains, uncollected heap of waste on road sides of residential areas, vacant plots and uncompleted buildings and highways. This contributes immensely to flooding in the city. The major challenges facing the state environmental protection agency includes; lack of collection and disposal points, technical and institutional arrangements, financial resources and general attitude of the serving public among others. The study suggested a comprehensive and integrated approach to the solid waste management which recognizes and incorporates the interventionist role of the state government, the private formal and informal waste management operators and the serving public. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title="municipal solid waste">municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bauchi%20metropolitan%20area" title=" bauchi metropolitan area"> bauchi metropolitan area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20protection%20agency" title=" environmental protection agency"> environmental protection agency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste%20management" title=" solid waste management"> solid waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20disposal" title=" waste disposal"> waste disposal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16240/municipal-solid-waste-management-characteristics-and-management-challenges-in-bauchi-metropolitan-area-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">742</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Government Final Consumption Expenditure and Household Consumption Expenditure NPISHS in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20A.%20Usman">Usman A. Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Undeniably, unlike the Classical side, the Keynesian perspective of the aggregate demand side indeed has a significant position in the policy, growth, and welfare of Nigeria due to government involvement and ineffective demand of the population living with poor per capita income. This study seeks to investigate the effect of Government Final Consumption Expenditure, Financial Deepening on Households, and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure using data on Nigeria from 1981 to 2019. This study employed the ADF stationarity test, Johansen Cointegration test, and Vector Error Correction Model. The results of the study revealed that the coefficient of Government final consumption expenditure has a positive effect on household consumption expenditure in the long run. There is a long-run and short-run relationship between gross fixed capital formation and household consumption expenditure. The coefficients cpsgdp (financial deepening and gross fixed capital formation posit a negative impact on household final consumption expenditure. The coefficients money supply lm2gdp, which is another proxy for financial deepening, and the coefficient FDI have a positive effect on household final consumption expenditure in the long run. Therefore, this study recommends that Gross fixed capital formation stimulates household consumption expenditure; a legal framework to support investment is a panacea to increasing hoodmold income and consumption and reducing poverty in Nigeria. Therefore, this should be a key central component of policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20final%20consumption%20expenditure" title="government final consumption expenditure">government final consumption expenditure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20consumption%20expenditure" title=" household consumption expenditure"> household consumption expenditure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20error%20correction%20model" title=" vector error correction model"> vector error correction model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cointegration" title=" cointegration"> cointegration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179894/government-final-consumption-expenditure-and-household-consumption-expenditure-npishs-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> Government Final Consumption Expenditure Financial Deepening and Household Consumption Expenditure NPISHs in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20A.%20Usman">Usman A. Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Undeniably, unlike the Classical side, the Keynesian perspective of the aggregate demand side indeed has a significant position in the policy, growth, and welfare of Nigeria due to government involvement and ineffective demand of the population living with poor per capita income. This study seeks to investigate the effect of Government Final Consumption Expenditure, Financial Deepening on Households, and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure using data on Nigeria from 1981 to 2019. This study employed the ADF stationarity test, Johansen Cointegration test, and Vector Error Correction Model. The results of the study revealed that the coefficient of Government final consumption expenditure has a positive effect on household consumption expenditure in the long run. There is a long-run and short-run relationship between gross fixed capital formation and household consumption expenditure. The coefficients cpsgdp financial deepening and gross fixed capital formation posit a negative impact on household final consumption expenditure. The coefficients money supply lm2gdp, which is another proxy for financial deepening, and the coefficient FDI have a positive effect on household final consumption expenditure in the long run. Therefore, this study recommends that Gross fixed capital formation stimulates household consumption expenditure; a legal framework to support investment is a panacea to increasing hoodmold income and consumption and reducing poverty in Nigeria. Therefore, this should be a key central component of policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household" title="household">household</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20expenditures" title=" government expenditures"> government expenditures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20error%20correction%20model" title=" vector error correction model"> vector error correction model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=johansen%20test" title=" johansen test"> johansen test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179521/government-final-consumption-expenditure-financial-deepening-and-household-consumption-expenditure-npishs-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> A Multistep Broyden’s-Type Method for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Waziri">M. Y. Waziri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Aliyu"> M. A. Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper proposes an approach to improve the performance of Broyden’s method for solving systems of nonlinear equations. In this work, we consider the information from two preceding iterates rather than a single preceding iterate to update the Broyden’s matrix that will produce a better approximation of the Jacobian matrix in each iteration. The numerical results verify that the proposed method has clearly enhanced the numerical performance of Broyden’s Method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mulit-step%20Broyden" title="mulit-step Broyden">mulit-step Broyden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20systems%20of%20equations" title=" nonlinear systems of equations"> nonlinear systems of equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20efficiency" title=" computational efficiency"> computational efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iterate" title=" iterate"> iterate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13750/a-multistep-broydens-type-method-for-solving-systems-of-nonlinear-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">638</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Women Entrepreneurs’ in Nigeria: Issues and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Mainoma">Mohammed Mainoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Tijanni"> Abubakar Tijanni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Aliyu"> Mohammed Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globalization has brought a structural change in industry. It is the breaking of artificial boundaries and given way to new product, new service, new market, and new technology among others. It leads to the realization that men entrepreneurs’ alone cannot meet the demand of the teeming population. Therefore there is a need for the participation, involvement, and engagement of females in the production and distribution of goods and services. This will enhance growth and development of a nation. It is in line with the above that this paper attempt to discuss meaning of women entrepreneurs, roles, types, problems, and prospects. Also, on the basis of conclusion the paper recommended that entrepreneurship education should be introduced in all Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title="women">women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurs" title=" entrepreneurs"> entrepreneurs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=issues" title=" issues"> issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12200/women-entrepreneurs-in-nigeria-issues-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> The Impact of Temporal Impairment on Quality of Experience (QoE) in Video Streaming: A No Reference (NR) Subjective and Objective Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arslan%20Usman">Muhammad Arslan Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rehan%20Usman"> Muhammad Rehan Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo%20Young%20Shin"> Soo Young Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Live video streaming is one of the most widely used service among end users, yet it is a big challenge for the network operators in terms of quality. The only way to provide excellent Quality of Experience (QoE) to the end users is continuous monitoring of live video streaming. For this purpose, there are several objective algorithms available that monitor the quality of the video in a live stream. Subjective tests play a very important role in fine tuning the results of objective algorithms. As human perception is considered to be the most reliable source for assessing the quality of a video stream, subjective tests are conducted in order to develop more reliable objective algorithms. Temporal impairments in a live video stream can have a negative impact on the end users. In this paper we have conducted subjective evaluation tests on a set of video sequences containing temporal impairment known as frame freezing. Frame Freezing is considered as a transmission error as well as a hardware error which can result in loss of video frames on the reception side of a transmission system. In our subjective tests, we have performed tests on videos that contain a single freezing event and also for videos that contain multiple freezing events. We have recorded our subjective test results for all the videos in order to give a comparison on the available No Reference (NR) objective algorithms. Finally, we have shown the performance of no reference algorithms used for objective evaluation of videos and suggested the algorithm that works better. The outcome of this study shows the importance of QoE and its effect on human perception. The results for the subjective evaluation can serve the purpose for validating objective algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objective%20evaluation" title="objective evaluation">objective evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjective%20evaluation" title=" subjective evaluation"> subjective evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20experience%20%28QoE%29" title=" quality of experience (QoE)"> quality of experience (QoE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20quality%20assessment%20%28VQA%29" title=" video quality assessment (VQA) "> video quality assessment (VQA) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26960/the-impact-of-temporal-impairment-on-quality-of-experience-qoe-in-video-streaming-a-no-reference-nr-subjective-and-objective-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">601</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> Environment Problems of Energy Exploitation and Utilization in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Mohammed%20Lawal">Aliyu Mohammed Lawal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problems placed on the environment as a result of energy generation and usage in Nigeria is: potential damage to the environment health by CO, CO2, SOx, and NOx, effluent gas emissions and global warming. For instance in the year 2004 in Nigeria energy consumption was 58% oil and 34% natural gas but about 94 million metric tons of CO2 was emitted out of which 64% came from fossil fuels while about 35% came from fuel wood. The findings from this research on how to alleviate these problems are that long term sustainable development solutions should be enhanced globally; energy should be used more rationally renewable energy resources should be exploited and the existing emissions should be controlled to tolerate limits because the increase in energy demand in Nigeria places enormous strain on current energy facilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effluent%20gas" title="effluent gas">effluent gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissions" title=" emissions"> emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NOx" title=" NOx"> NOx</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOx" title=" SOx "> SOx </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42935/environment-problems-of-energy-exploitation-and-utilization-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> A Study on the Vegetative and Osmolyte Accumulation of Capsicum frutescens L. under Zinc Metal Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ja%E2%80%99afar%20Umar">Ja’afar Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20Aliyu%20Aliero"> Adamu Aliyu Aliero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant growth, biochemical parameters, zinc metal concentrations were determined for Capsicum frutescens L. in response to varied concentration of zinc metal. The plant exhibited a decline in the vegetative parameters measured. Free proline and glycine betaine content increases with increasing concentration of zinc metal and differ significantly (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the osmolyte (pro and GB) accumulations, and high length of stem and wide leaf expansion are possible indicator of tolerance to heavy metals (Zinc) in Capsicum frutescens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20metal" title="zinc metal">zinc metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmolyte" title=" osmolyte"> osmolyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Capsicum%20frutescens" title=" Capsicum frutescens"> Capsicum frutescens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28287/a-study-on-the-vegetative-and-osmolyte-accumulation-of-capsicum-frutescens-l-under-zinc-metal-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> Modelling and Control of Electrohydraulic System Using Fuzzy Logic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajara%20Abdulkarim%20Aliyu">Hajara Abdulkarim Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulbasid%20Ismail%20Isa"> Abdulbasid Ismail Isa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper studies electrohydraulic system for its role in position and motion control system and develops as mathematical model describing the behaviour of the system. The research further proposes Fuzzy logic and conventional PID controllers in order to achieve both accurate positioning of the payload and overall improvement of the system performance. The simulation result shows Fuzzy logic controller has a superior tracking performance and high disturbance rejection efficiency for its shorter settling time, less overshoot, smaller values of integral of absolute and deviation errors over the conventional PID controller at all the testing conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrohydraulic" title="electrohydraulic">electrohydraulic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NZ-PID" title=" NZ-PID"> NZ-PID</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46295/modelling-and-control-of-electrohydraulic-system-using-fuzzy-logic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> On Multiobjective Optimization to Improve the Scalability of Fog Application Deployments Using Fogtorch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suleiman%20Aliyu">Suleiman Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Integrating IoT applications with Fog systems presents challenges in optimization due to diverse environments and conflicting objectives. This study explores achieving Pareto optimal deployments for Fog-based IoT systems to address growing QoS demands. We introduce Pareto optimality to balance competing performance metrics. Using the FogTorch optimization framework, we propose a hybrid approach (Backtracking search with branch and bound) for scalable IoT deployments. Our research highlights the advantages of Pareto optimality over single-objective methods and emphasizes the role of FogTorch in this context. Initial results show improvements in IoT deployment cost in Fog systems, promoting resource-efficient strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pareto%20optimality" title="pareto optimality">pareto optimality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fog%20application%20deployment" title=" fog application deployment"> fog application deployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175224/on-multiobjective-optimization-to-improve-the-scalability-of-fog-application-deployments-using-fogtorch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">177</span> Islamic Social Security: A Discourse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safiyya%20A.%20Abba">Safiyya A. Abba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehu%20U.%20R.%20Aliyu"> Shehu U. R. Aliyu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with Islamic social security: a discourse explores the meaning and nature of Islamic social security system. The paper reviews the social security framework and operations during the early period. The paper further identifies the instruments of Islamic social security discusses its principles and objectives. The paper discovers that Islamic social security is a personification of a comprehensive welfare approach in view of its varied instruments that are deeply rooted in the Islamic law, unique principles and realistic and achievable objectives. Furthermore, the Islamic social security system has far reaching socioeconomic implications; social justice, cohesion, equity, a catalyst for poverty eradication, income redistribution, economic growth and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20social%20security" title="Islamic social security">Islamic social security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20needs" title=" basic needs"> basic needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zakat" title=" zakat"> zakat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomic%20justice" title=" socioeconomic justice"> socioeconomic justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equity" title=" equity"> equity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4765/islamic-social-security-a-discourse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">176</span> Analysis of Poverty Reduction Strategies as Mechanism for Development in Nigeria from 1999 to 2014</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Usman%20Egye">Ahmed Usman Egye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20Muhammad"> Hamza Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poverty alleviation is one of the most difficult challenges facing third world countries in their development efforts. Evidences in Nigeria showed that the number of those in poverty has continued to increase. This paper is aimed at analyzing the performance of poverty alleviation measures undertaken by successive administrations in Nigeria with a view to addressing the quagmire. The study identified the whole gamut of factors that served as stumbling blocks to the implementation of each of the strategies and recommended the involvement of local people in the identification and design of projects so that sufficient participation could be achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title="poverty">poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title=" strategies"> strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37849/analysis-of-poverty-reduction-strategies-as-mechanism-for-development-in-nigeria-from-1999-to-2014" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">175</span> The Environmental Challenges of Energy Generation and Usage in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Mohammed%20Lawal">Aliyu Mohammed Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahiru%20Ya%27u%20Gital"> Dahiru Ya'u Gital</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problems placed on the environment as a result of energy generation and usage in Nigeria are: Potential damage to the environment health by Co, Co2, Sox and Nox effluent gas emissions and global warming. For instance in the year 2004 in Nigeria energy consumption was 58% oil and 34% natural gas but about 94 million metric tons of Co2 was emitted out of which 64% came from fossil fuels while about 35% came from fuel wood. The findings from this research on how to alleviate these problems are that long term sustainable development solutions should be enhanced globally; energy should be used more rationally renewable energy resources should be exploited and the existing emissions should be controlled to tolerate limits because the increase in energy demand in Nigeria places enormous strain on current energy facilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20generation" title="energy generation">energy generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20health" title=" environmental health"> environmental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effluent%20gas%20emission" title=" effluent gas emission"> effluent gas emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming" title=" global warming"> global warming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fossil%20fuel" title=" fossil fuel"> fossil fuel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31297/the-environmental-challenges-of-energy-generation-and-usage-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">174</span> Characterization and the Study of Energy Potential of Municipal Solid Waste Disposed in Bauchi Town and Environs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Mohammed%20Lawal">Aliyu Mohammed Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahiru%20Yau%20Gital"> Dahiru Yau Gital</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The characterisation and the energy potential of the municipal solid wastes in Bauchi town and environs were studied. It was found that, 35,000 tonnes of waste was generated annually at 0.19 kg/capital/day of which, the combination of plastics, rubber, polyethene bags constituted about 33%, followed by textile materials, leathers, wood 26%, combination of papers, cartons 19%, crop stalks/grass 11% and the remaining incombustible materials 11%. The heating value or calorific value of the wastes was determined using a digital calorimeter to be 6.43 MJ/kg, almost one-third of the energy content of peat which has a value of 15.9 MJ/kg. The calorific value of the fuel was found to be significant; hence, the waste could be used for energy generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorific%20value" title="calorific value">calorific value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20calorimeter" title=" digital calorimeter"> digital calorimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incombustible" title=" incombustible"> incombustible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title=" municipal solid waste"> municipal solid waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37903/characterization-and-the-study-of-energy-potential-of-municipal-solid-waste-disposed-in-bauchi-town-and-environs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20D.%20Usman&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20D.%20Usman&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20D.%20Usman&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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