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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Reinhard Selten</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86" title="رينهارد سولتن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رينهارد سولتن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynhard_Zelten" title="Reynhard Zelten – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Reynhard Zelten" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86" title="راینهارد سیلتن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="راینهارد سیلتن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="রেইনহার্ড সেলটেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেইনহার্ড সেলটেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Райнхард Зелтэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Райнхард Зелтэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Райнхард Зелтен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Райнхард Зелтен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%96%CE%AD%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Ράινχαρντ Ζέλτεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ράινχαρντ Ζέλτεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86" title="راینهارد سیلتن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راینهارد سیلتن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A0%A4%ED%85%90" title="라인하르트 젤텐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라인하르트 젤텐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D4%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ռեյնհարդ Զելտեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեյնհարդ Զելտեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%96%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%9F" title="ריינהרד זלטן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריינהרד זלטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhardus_Selten" title="Reinhardus Selten – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Reinhardus Selten" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhards_Zeltens" title="Reinhards Zeltens – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reinhards Zeltens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86" title="رينهارد سولتن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رينهارد سولتن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3" title="ラインハルト・ゼルテン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラインハルト・ゼルテン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%B9%D9%86" title="رینہارڈ سیلٹن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رینہارڈ سیلٹن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Зельтен, Рейнхард – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зельтен, Рейнхард" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Райнгард Зелтен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Райнгард Зелтен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%B9%D9%86" title="رینہارڈ سیلٹن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رینہارڈ سیلٹن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Reinhard Selten" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Reinhard Selten" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Reinhard Selten</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reinhard_Selten2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Reinhard_Selten2.jpg/180px-Reinhard_Selten2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Reinhard_Selten2.jpg/270px-Reinhard_Selten2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Reinhard_Selten2.jpg/360px-Reinhard_Selten2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="562" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Selten in 2001</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Reinhard Justus Reginald Selten</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1930-10-05</span>)</span>5 October 1930<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Weimar Germany">Weimar Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polska" class="mw-redirect" title="Polska">Poland</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 August 2016<span style="display:none">(2016-08-23)</span> (aged 85)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, Poland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University Frankfurt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">Game theory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> (1994)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">Free University of Berlin</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Franz_(mathematician)" title="Wolfgang Franz (mathematician)">Wolfgang Franz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_van_Damme" title="Eric van Damme">Eric van Damme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemarie_Nagel" title="Rosemarie Nagel">Rosemarie Nagel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Reinhard Justus Reginald Selten</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈʁaɪnhaʁt<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈzɛltn̩]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/71\/De-Reinhard_Selten.ogg\/De-Reinhard_Selten.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Reinhard Selten.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/De-Reinhard_Selten.ogg/De-Reinhard_Selten.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Reinhard_Selten.ogg" title="File:De-Reinhard Selten.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; 5 October 1930 – 23 August 2016) was a German <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economist</a>, who won the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> (shared with <a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John Harsanyi</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash" class="mw-redirect" title="John Forbes Nash">John Nash</a>). He is also well known for his work in <a href="/wiki/Bounded_rationality" title="Bounded rationality">bounded rationality</a> and can be considered one of the founding fathers of <a href="/wiki/Experimental_economics" title="Experimental economics">experimental economics</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Selten&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selten was born in <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau (Wrocław)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lower_Silesia" title="Province of Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a>, now in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, to a <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> father, Adolf Selten (a blind bookseller; d. 1942<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mcs_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> mother, Käthe Luther.<sup id="cite_ref-mcs_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reinhard Selten was raised as Protestant.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize.org_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a brief family exile in Saxony and Austria, Selten returned to Hesse, Germany, after the war and, in high school, read an article in <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a> magazine about game theory by the business writer <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_D._McDonald_(business_writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John D. McDonald (business writer) (page does not exist)">John D. McDonald</a>. He recalled later, he would occupy his "mind with problems of elementary geometry and algebra" while walking back and forth to school during that time.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mcs_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied mathematics at <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University Frankfurt</a> and obtained his diploma in 1957. He then worked as scientific assistant to Heinz Sauermann until 1967. In 1959, he married with Elisabeth Langreiner. They had no children. In 1961, he also received his doctorate in Frankfurt in mathematics with a thesis on the evaluation of n-person games. </p><p>He was a visiting professor at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a> and taught from 1969 to 1972 at the <a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">Free University of Berlin</a> and, from 1972 to 1984, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bielefeld" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Bielefeld">University of Bielefeld</a>. He then accepted a professorship at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a>. There he built the BonnEconLab, a laboratory for experimental economic research, where he was active even after his retirement. </p><p>Selten was professor emeritus at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a>, Germany, and held several honorary doctoral degrees. He had been an <a href="/wiki/Esperantist" class="mw-redirect" title="Esperantist">Esperantist</a> since 1959<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize.org_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and met his wife through the Esperanto movement.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a member and co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Akademio_Internacia_de_la_Sciencoj_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino">International Academy of Sciences San Marino</a>. </p><p>For the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2009 European Parliament election in Germany">2009 European Parliament election</a>, he was the top candidate for the German wing of <a href="/wiki/Europe_%E2%80%93_Democracy_%E2%80%93_Esperanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe – Democracy – Esperanto">Europe – Democracy – Esperanto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Selten&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For his work in <a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">game theory</a>, Selten won the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> (shared with <a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John Harsanyi</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash" class="mw-redirect" title="John Forbes Nash">John Nash</a>). Selten was Germany's first and, at the time of his death, only Nobel winner for economics.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is also well known for his work in <a href="/wiki/Bounded_rationality" title="Bounded rationality">bounded rationality</a>, and can be considered one of the founding fathers of <a href="/wiki/Experimental_economics" title="Experimental economics">experimental economics</a>. With <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Gigerenzer" title="Gerd Gigerenzer">Gerd Gigerenzer</a> he edited the book <i>Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox</i> (2001). He developed an example of a game called Selten's Horse because of its extensive form representation. His last work was "Impulse Balance Theory and its Extension by an Additional Criterion". </p><p>He is noted for his publishing in non-refereed journals to avoid being forced to make unwanted changes to his work.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Selten&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Preispolitik der Mehrproduktenunternehmung in der statischen Theorie, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-48888-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-48888-7">978-3-642-48888-7</a> - in <a href="/wiki/German_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="German Language">German</a></li> <li>General Equilibrium with Price-Making Firms (with Thomas Marschak), Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag, 1974, ISBN 978-3-662-07369-8</li> <li>A General Theory of Equilibrium Selection in Games (with <a href="/wiki/John_C._Harsanyi" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Harsanyi">John C. Harsanyi</a>), Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT-Press. (1988)</li> <li>Models of Strategic Rationality, Theory and Decision Library, Series C: Game Theory, Mathematical Programming and Operations Research, Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (1988)</li> <li>Game Equilibrium Models IV, Berlin, New York, Springer Verlag, 1991, ISBN 978-3-662-07369-8.</li> <li>Rational Interaction - Essays in Honor of John C. Harsanyi, Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1992, ISBN 978-3-642-08136-1.</li> <li>Enkonduko en la Teorion de Lingvaj Ludoj – Ĉu mi lernu Esperanton? (with <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Pool" title="Jonathan Pool">Jonathan Pool</a>), Berlin-Paderborn: Akademia Libroservo, Institut für Kybernetik. (1995) – in <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li> <li>Game Theory and Economic Behavior: Selected Essays, 2. vol Cheltenham-Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing. (1999)</li> <li>New edition of: Models of Strategic Rationality (1988), with a Chinese Introduction. Outstanding Academic Works on Economics by Nobel Prize Winners. Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (2000)</li> <li>Chinese Translation of: Models of Strategic Rationality (1988). Outstanding Academic Works on Economics by Nobel Prize Winners. Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (2000)</li> <li>Russian Translation of: A General Theory of Equilibrium Selection in Games (with John C. Harsanyi), Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT-Press. (2000)</li> <li>Gigerenzer, G., & Selten, R. (Eds.). (2001). Bounded rationality: The adaptive toolbox. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.</li> <li>Impulse Balance Theory and its Extension by an Additional Criterion. BoD. (2015)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Selten&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subgame_perfect_Nash_equilibrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Subgame perfect Nash equilibrium">Subgame perfect Nash equilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Jewish Nobel laureates">List of Jewish Nobel laureates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Selten&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJain" class="citation web cs1">Jain, C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1994/selten/biographical/">"Institutions - Free University of Berlin"</a>. <i>Reinhard Selten Biographical</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reinhard+Selten+Biographical&rft.atitle=Institutions+-+Free+University+of+Berlin&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Feconomic-sciences%2F1994%2Fselten%2Fbiographical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReinhard+Selten" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytobit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberts, Sam, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/04/business/economy/reinhard-selten-whose-strides-in-game-theory-led-to-a-nobel-dies-at-85.html">"Reinhard Selten, Whose Strides in Game Theory Led to a Nobel, Dies at 85"</a>, New York <i>Times</i>, September 2, 2016. Retrieved 2016-09-03.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcs-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcs_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcs_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcs_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Connor, J J, and E F Robertson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Selten.html">"Reinhard Selten"</a>, <i>www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk</i>, November 2010. Retrieved 2016-09-03.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobelprize.org-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize.org_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize.org_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize.org_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1994/selten-autobio.html">From Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1994, Editor Tore Frängsmyr, [Nobel Foundation], Stockholm, 1995</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lins, Ulrich & Ertl, István. "Intervjuo kun Reinhard Selten, Nobelpreemiito" <i>Esperanto</i> (n° 1065-12, December 1994, p. 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-d-e.org/-DE-Germanio-">Eŭropo – Demokratio – Esperanto: Germanio</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frey, Bruno S., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bsfrey.ch/articles/388_03.pdf">"Publishing as prostitution? – Choosing between one's own ideas and academic success"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160316235039/http://www.bsfrey.ch/articles/388_03.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>bsfrey.ch</i> p. 215 (11).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030621084618/http://www.uni-bonn.de/index_en.shtml">University of Bonn, Germany</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/713">Reinhard Selten</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12830#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideas.repec.org/e/pse24.html">IDEAS/RePEc</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=56908">Reinhard Selten</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12830#P549" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vvvvvvvv.scriptmania.com/newfolder/megaw/nb/selten.htm">Economista alemán, nacido en Breslau (actualmente Wroclaw, en Polonia).</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Selten.html">"Reinhard Selten (1930– )"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Concise_Encyclopedia_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics">The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Economics_and_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Economics and Liberty">Library of Economics and Liberty</a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a>. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reinhard+Selten+%281930%E2%80%93+%29&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Economics&rft.series=Library+of+Economics+and+Liberty&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Liberty+Fund&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econlib.org%2Flibrary%2FEnc%2Fbios%2FSelten.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReinhard+Selten" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Fogel" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert W. Fogel">Robert W. Fogel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Douglass_C._North" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglass C. North">Douglass C. North</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics">Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics</a> </b><br />1994 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/John_C._Harsanyi" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Harsanyi">John C. Harsanyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Nash_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Nash Jr.">John F. Nash Jr.</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lucas_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert E. Lucas Jr.">Robert E. Lucas Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Sveriges_Riksbank_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences207" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economic Sciences">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1969–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">John R. Hicks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich August von Hayek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovich" title="Leonid Kantorovich">Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling C. Koopmans</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Bertil Ohlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">James E. Meade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore W. Schultz</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis" title="W. Arthur Lewis">Sir Arthur Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence R. Klein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">James M. Buchanan Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Maurice Allais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz">Harry M. Markowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Merton H. Miller</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_F._Sharpe" title="William F. Sharpe">William F. Sharpe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald H. Coase</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Robert W. Fogel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">Douglass C. North</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John C. Harsanyi</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash_Jr." title="John Forbes Nash Jr.">John F. Nash Jr.</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reinhard Selten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert E. Lucas Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James A. Mirrlees</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Merton" title="Robert C. Merton">Robert C. Merton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Myron S. Scholes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Robert A. Mundell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James J. Heckman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel L. McFadden</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George A. Akerlof</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence">A. Michael Spence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph E. Stiglitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Vernon L. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Engle" title="Robert F. Engle">Robert F. Engle III</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clive_Granger" title="Clive Granger">Clive W.J. Granger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Finn_E._Kydland" title="Finn E. Kydland">Finn E. Kydland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Prescott" title="Edward C. Prescott">Edward C. Prescott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Robert J. Aumann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas C. Schelling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Edmund S. Phelps</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric S. Maskin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger B. Myerson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter A. Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dale_T._Mortensen" title="Dale T. Mortensen">Dale T. Mortensen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Pissarides" title="Christopher A. Pissarides">Christopher A. Pissarides</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth" title="Alvin E. Roth">Alvin E. Roth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley" title="Lloyd Shapley">Lloyd S. Shapley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Fama" title="Eugene Fama">Eugene F. Fama</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Lars Peter Hansen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart_(economist)" title="Oliver Hart (economist)">Oliver Hart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard H. Thaler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Romer" title="Paul Romer">Paul Romer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2020 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Paul Milgrom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Joshua Angrist</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guido_Imbens" title="Guido Imbens">Guido Imbens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2022 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Diamond" title="Douglas Diamond">Douglas Diamond</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Dybvig" title="Philip H. Dybvig">Philip H. Dybvig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="2023 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemoglu" title="Daron Acemoglu">Daron Acemoglu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_Johnson_(economist)" title="Simon Johnson (economist)">Simon Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_A._Robinson" title="James A. Robinson">James A. Robinson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1994_Nobel_Prize_laureates769" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1994_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1994 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1994_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1994 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1994_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1994 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1994_Nobel_Prize_laureates769" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1994 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Andrew Olah</a> (United States/Hungary)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1994_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1994 Nobel Prize in Literature">1994</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a> (Japan)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> (Palestine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> (Israel/Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> (Israel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Bertram Brockhouse</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Clifford Glenwood Shull</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Alfred G. Gilman</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Martin Rodbell</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John Harsanyi</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash_Jr." title="John Forbes Nash Jr.">John Forbes Nash</a> (United States)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reinhard Selten</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1989_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1989 Nobel Prize winners">1989</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1990_Nobel_Prizes" title="1990 Nobel Prizes">1990</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1991_Nobel_Prizes" title="1991 Nobel Prizes">1991</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1992_Nobel_Prizes" title="1992 Nobel Prizes">1992</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1993_Nobel_Prizes" title="1993 Nobel Prizes">1993</a></dd> <dd><b>1994 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1995_Nobel_Prizes" title="1995 Nobel Prizes">1995</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Nobel_Prizes" title="1996 Nobel Prizes">1996</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prizes" title="1997 Nobel Prizes">1997</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prizes" title="1998 Nobel Prizes">1998</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prizes" title="1999 Nobel Prizes">1999</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_European_Economic_Association76" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_European_Economic_Association" title="Template:Presidents of the European Economic Association"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_European_Economic_Association" title="Template talk:Presidents of the European Economic Association"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_European_Economic_Association" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the European Economic Association"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_European_Economic_Association76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Association" title="European Economic Association">European Economic Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dr%C3%A8ze" title="Jacques Drèze">Jacques Drèze</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Kornai" title="János Kornai">János Kornai</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Malinvaud" title="Edmond Malinvaud">Edmond Malinvaud</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Atkinson" title="Tony Atkinson">Anthony Atkinson</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnar_Sandmo" title="Agnar Sandmo">Agnar Sandmo</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assar_Lindbeck" title="Assar Lindbeck">Assar Lindbeck</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hellwig" title="Martin Hellwig">Martin Hellwig</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_King,_Baron_King_of_Lothbury" title="Mervyn King, Baron King of Lothbury">Mervyn King</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guesnerie" title="Roger Guesnerie">Roger Guesnerie</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Philps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Philps (page does not exist)">Louis Philps</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Newbery" title="David Newbery">David Newbery</a> (1996)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reinhard Selten</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Laffont" title="Jean-Jacques Laffont">Jean-Jacques Laffont</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partha_Dasgupta" title="Partha Dasgupta">Partha Dasgupta</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James A. Mirrlees</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Peter_Neary" title="J. Peter Neary">J. Peter Neary</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsten_Persson" title="Torsten Persson">Torsten Persson</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Blundell" title="Richard Blundell">Richard Blundell</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathias_Dewatripont" title="Mathias Dewatripont">Mathias Dewatripont</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreu_Mas-Colell" title="Andreu Mas-Colell">Andreu Mas-Colell</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Tabellini" title="Guido Tabellini">Guido Tabellini</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Fehr" title="Ernst Fehr">Ernst Fehr</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford" title="Nicholas Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford">Nicholas Stern</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Besley" title="Tim Besley">Timothy Besley</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Pissarides" title="Christopher A. Pissarides">Christopher Pissarides</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordi_Gal%C3%AD" title="Jordi Galí">Jordi Galí</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Arellano" title="Manuel Arellano">Manuel Arellano</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orazio_Attanasio" title="Orazio Attanasio">Orazio Attanasio</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Griffith" title="Rachel Griffith">Rachel Griffith</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Zilibotti" title="Fabrizio Zilibotti">Fabrizio Zilibotti</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Aghion" title="Philippe Aghion">Philippe Aghion</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliana_La_Ferrara" title="Eliana La Ferrara">Eliana La Ferrara</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjetil_Storesletten" title="Kjetil Storesletten">Kjetil Storesletten</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Krusell" title="Per Krusell">Per Krusell</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvana_Tenreyro" title="Silvana Tenreyro">Silvana Tenreyro</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriana_Bandiera" title="Oriana Bandiera">Oriana Bandiera</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maristella_Botticini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maristella Botticini (page does not exist)">Maristella Botticini</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Eeckhout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Eeckhout (page does not exist)">Jan Eeckhout</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Rey" title="Hélène Rey">Hélène Rey</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14832231">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1984/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhRG7FCppvvfvC3PmCqQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119479273">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50007278">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12278804r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000120317&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000339247">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810690105405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007462792305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02600268?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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