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src="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-23296-1/file?size=large"/> </a> <figcaption> <span> (Image: CERN)</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="endof-cern-header-blocks"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="component-margin component-margin-small" ></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-9 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <figure role="group" class="align-left"> <img alt="Paul Dirac standing in front of a blackboard" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="3e248ffb-8338-4f3a-b2f0-b7a870a570cf" height="auto" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/katebrad/P.A.M._Dirac_at_the_blackboard-min.jpg" width="800" loading="lazy"> <figcaption>Paul Dirac (Image: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P.A.M._Dirac_at_the_blackboard.jpg">Wikimedia</a>)</figcaption> </figure> <p>In 1928, British physicist Paul Dirac wrote down an equation that combined quantum theory and special relativity to describe the behaviour of an electron moving at a relativistic speed. The equation – which won Dirac the <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/">Nobel Prize in 1933</a> – posed a problem: just as the equation x<sup>2</sup> = 4 can have two possible solutions (x = 2 or x = −2), so Dirac's equation could have two solutions, one for an electron with positive energy, and one for an electron with negative energy. But classical physics (and common sense) dictated that the energy of a particle must always be a positive number.</p> <p>Dirac interpreted the equation to mean that for every particle there exists a corresponding antiparticle, exactly matching the particle but with opposite charge. For example, for the electron there should be an "antielectron", or "positron", identical in every way but with a positive electric charge. The insight opened the possibility of entire galaxies and universes made of antimatter.</p> <p>But when matter and antimatter come into contact, they annihilate – disappearing in a flash of energy. The <a href="/about/physics/early-universe">Big Bang</a> should have created equal amounts of matter and antimatter. So why is there far more matter than antimatter in the universe?</p> <p>At CERN, physicists make antimatter to study in experiments. The starting point is the <a href="/science/accelerators/antiproton-decelerator">Antiproton Decelerator</a>, which slows down antiprotons so that physicists can investigate their properties.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="component-row__column component-row__sidebar-right col-md-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div id="preview-card--5" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-8309528-1/file?size=small') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-8309528-1/file?size=small" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/matter-antimatter-asymmetry-problem"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/matter-antimatter-asymmetry-problem" title="The asymmetry problem"> <span style="color:"> The asymmetry problem </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--6" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-1011301-14/file?size=large') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-1011301-14/file?size=large" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/antimatter/storing-antihydrogen"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/antimatter/storing-antihydrogen" title="Storing antihydrogen"> <span style="color:"> Storing antihydrogen </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__fluidcenter section-navigation effect_none is_half_height"> <div class="background__veil"></div> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="component-division" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-1105131-10/file?size=large') no-repeat center center / cover"> <div class="component-division__text" style="background-color:rgba(41,41,41,0.8);"> <div class="component-division__text__link"> <a href="/science/accelerators/antiproton-decelerator" title="The Antiproton Decelerator"> <span>The Antiproton Decelerator</span> </a> </div> <div class="component-division__text__text"> <span><p>The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) is a unique machine that produces low-energy antiprotons for studies of antimatter, and “creates” antiatoms.</p></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__fluidcenter section-navigation effect_none box-effects"> <div class="background-component background__color" style="background-color:rgba(215,215,215,1); height: 100%;"></div> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper enable-effects "> <div class="component-margin component-margin-small" style="background-color:rgba(215,215,215,1);"></div> <div id="preview-card--12" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-201604-080-2/file?size=large') 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data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-201701-012-4/file?size=large" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/experiments/base"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/experiments/base" title="BASE"> <span style="color:"> BASE </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Baryon Antibaryon Symmetry Experiment </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--16" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/OPEN-PHO-LIFE-2018-017-5/file?size=large') no-repeat center center / cover" 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