CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="BEfzMLlhlZLLnd71TjvcsN9pcz3G97lspFgqzxuU8clUH5XVfmu0emJGzSA3PNT8mYl+Z3bee2pdB9UQxQ5rbQ==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Population Genomic Evidence Reveals Subtle Patterns of Differentiation in the Trophically Polymorphic Cuatro Ciénegas Cichlid, Herichthys minckleyi" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2019/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Heredity" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Darrin Hulsey" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/100278894/Population_Genomic_Evidence_Reveals_Subtle_Patterns_of_Differentiation_in_the_Trophically_Polymorphic_Cuatro_Ci%C3%A9negas_Cichlid_Herichthys_minckleyi" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Population Genomic Evidence Reveals Subtle Patterns of Differentiation in the Trophically Polymorphic Cuatro Ciénegas Cichlid, Herichthys minckleyi" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="In recent decades, an increased understanding of molecular ecology has led to a reinterpretation of the role of gene flow during the evolution of reproductive isolation and biological novelty. For example, even in the face of ongoing gene flow strong" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/100278894/Population_Genomic_Evidence_Reveals_Subtle_Patterns_of_Differentiation_in_the_Trophically_Polymorphic_Cuatro_Ci%C3%A9negas_Cichlid_Herichthys_minckleyi" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Population Genomic Evidence Reveals Subtle Patterns of Differentiation in the Trophically Polymorphic Cuatro Ciénegas Cichlid, Herichthys minckleyi" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="In recent decades, an increased understanding of molecular ecology has led to a reinterpretation of the role of gene flow during the evolution of reproductive isolation and biological novelty. For example, even in the face of ongoing gene flow strong" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://konstanz.academia.edu/DarrinHulsey" /> <meta name="description" content="In recent decades, an increased understanding of molecular ecology has led to a reinterpretation of the role of gene flow during the evolution of reproductive isolation and biological novelty. For example, even in the face of ongoing gene flow strong" /> <title>(PDF) Population Genomic Evidence Reveals Subtle Patterns of Differentiation in the Trophically Polymorphic Cuatro Ciénegas Cichlid, Herichthys minckleyi | Darrin Hulsey - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/100278894/Population_Genomic_Evidence_Reveals_Subtle_Patterns_of_Differentiation_in_the_Trophically_Polymorphic_Cuatro_Ci%C3%A9negas_Cichlid_Herichthys_minckleyi" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732776715000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732776715000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"In recent decades, an increased understanding of molecular ecology has led to a reinterpretation of the role of gene flow during the evolution of reproductive isolation and biological novelty. For example, even in the face of ongoing gene flow strong selection may maintain divergent polymorphisms, or gene flow may introduce novel biological diversity via hybridization and introgression from a divergent species. Herein, we elucidate the evolutionary history and genomic basis of a trophically polymorphic trait in a species of cichlid fish, Herichthys minckleyi. We explored genetic variation at 3 hierarchical levels; between H. minckleyi (n = 69) and a closely related species Herichthys cyanoguttatus (n = 10), between H. minckleyi individuals from 2 geographic locations, and finally between individuals with alternate morphotypes at both a genome-wide and locus-specific scale. We found limited support for the hypothesis that the H. minckleyi polymorphism is the result of ongoing hybridi...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Darrin Hulsey"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-04-16","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"2019-01-01","headline":"Population Genomic Evidence Reveals Subtle Patterns of Differentiation in the Trophically Polymorphic Cuatro Ciénegas Cichlid, Herichthys minckleyi","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Evolutionary Biology","Genetics","Gene Flow","Biology","Medicine","Heredity","Population","Introgression","Reproductive Isolation"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Journal of Heredity","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Oxford University Press (OUP)"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/100278894/Population_Genomic_Evidence_Reveals_Subtle_Patterns_of_Differentiation_in_the_Trophically_Polymorphic_Cuatro_Ci%C3%A9negas_Cichlid_Herichthys_minckleyi","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"konstanz"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "fe7eb57235ea9b0e83e05237d738ad4b30ea9ba22c3a4894be8817afd1bf1683", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="hVlT2IoE1i5Xvu6MDc7FBmQKMHbSOOGX+qywmTFVJNTVATU9TQ73xv5l/Vl0yc1KIuo9LGIRI5ED809G78++cA==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/100278894/Population_Genomic_Evidence_Reveals_Subtle_Patterns_of_Differentiation_in_the_Trophically_Polymorphic_Cuatro_Ci%C3%A9negas_Cichlid_Herichthys_minckleyi" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="zlX/0E6lZn58aB6iNW6zsVd0ukg/4DPIBVrUpOZ5ni2eDZk1ia9HltWzDXdMabv9EZS3Eo/J8c78BSt7OOMEiQ==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-5a6217ebba1e3e193cb1032ca4e3bea5eb426dd3928dd536d7bf14b642b1cd3a.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 171988268; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F100278894%2FPopulation_Genomic_Evidence_Reveals_Subtle_Patterns_of_Differentiation_in_the_Trophically_Polymorphic_Cuatro_Ci%25C3%25A9negas_Cichlid_Herichthys_minckleyi%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F100278894%2FPopulation_Genomic_Evidence_Reveals_Subtle_Patterns_of_Differentiation_in_the_Trophically_Polymorphic_Cuatro_Ci%25C3%25A9negas_Cichlid_Herichthys_minckleyi%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":101146651,"identifier":"Attachment_101146651","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":100278894,"created_at":"2023-04-16T12:04:28.974-07:00","from_world_paper_id":231810587,"updated_at":"2023-04-16T12:26:35.711-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"In recent decades, an increased understanding of molecular ecology has led to a reinterpretation of the role of gene flow during the evolution of reproductive isolation and biological novelty. For example, even in the face of ongoing gene flow strong selection may maintain divergent polymorphisms, or gene flow may introduce novel biological diversity via hybridization and introgression from a divergent species. Herein, we elucidate the evolutionary history and genomic basis of a trophically polymorphic trait in a species of cichlid fish, Herichthys minckleyi. We explored genetic variation at 3 hierarchical levels; between H. minckleyi (n = 69) and a closely related species Herichthys cyanoguttatus (n = 10), between H. minckleyi individuals from 2 geographic locations, and finally between individuals with alternate morphotypes at both a genome-wide and locus-specific scale. We found limited support for the hypothesis that the H. minckleyi polymorphism is the result of ongoing hybridi...","publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","publication_date":"2019,,","publication_name":"Journal of Heredity"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Population Genomic Evidence Reveals Subtle Patterns of Differentiation in the Trophically Polymorphic Cuatro Ciénegas Cichlid, Herichthys minckleyi","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [171988268]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":101146651,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Population Genomic Evidence Reveals Subtle Patterns of Differentiation in the Trophically Polymorphic Cuatro Ciénegas Cichlid, Herichthys minckleyi”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/101146651/mini_magick20230416-1-ar6k77.png?1681671923" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Population Genomic Evidence Reveals Subtle Patterns of Differentiation in the Trophically Polymorphic Cuatro Ciénegas Cichlid, Herichthys minckleyi</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="171988268" href="https://konstanz.academia.edu/DarrinHulsey"><img alt="Profile image of Darrin Hulsey" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Darrin Hulsey</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019, Journal of Heredity</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">9 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 100278894; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=100278894"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">In recent decades, an increased understanding of molecular ecology has led to a reinterpretation of the role of gene flow during the evolution of reproductive isolation and biological novelty. For example, even in the face of ongoing gene flow strong selection may maintain divergent polymorphisms, or gene flow may introduce novel biological diversity via hybridization and introgression from a divergent species. Herein, we elucidate the evolutionary history and genomic basis of a trophically polymorphic trait in a species of cichlid fish, Herichthys minckleyi. We explored genetic variation at 3 hierarchical levels; between H. minckleyi (n = 69) and a closely related species Herichthys cyanoguttatus (n = 10), between H. minckleyi individuals from 2 geographic locations, and finally between individuals with alternate morphotypes at both a genome-wide and locus-specific scale. We found limited support for the hypothesis that the H. minckleyi polymorphism is the result of ongoing hybridi...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":101146651,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/100278894/Population_Genomic_Evidence_Reveals_Subtle_Patterns_of_Differentiation_in_the_Trophically_Polymorphic_Cuatro_Ci%C3%A9negas_Cichlid_Herichthys_minckleyi"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":101146651,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/100278894/Population_Genomic_Evidence_Reveals_Subtle_Patterns_of_Differentiation_in_the_Trophically_Polymorphic_Cuatro_Ci%C3%A9negas_Cichlid_Herichthys_minckleyi"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="101146651" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/100278894/Population_Genomic_Evidence_Reveals_Subtle_Patterns_of_Differentiation_in_the_Trophically_Polymorphic_Cuatro_Ci%C3%A9negas_Cichlid_Herichthys_minckleyi" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="107969073" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107969073/Introgressive_hybridization_in_a_trophically_polymorphic_cichlid">Introgressive hybridization in a trophically polymorphic cichlid</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="171988268" href="https://konstanz.academia.edu/DarrinHulsey">Darrin Hulsey</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ecology and Evolution, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introgressive hybridization in a trophically polymorphic cichlid","attachmentId":106481569,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107969073/Introgressive_hybridization_in_a_trophically_polymorphic_cichlid","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107969073/Introgressive_hybridization_in_a_trophically_polymorphic_cichlid"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="14698471" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14698471/Community_Genetics_Reveal_Elevated_Levels_of_Sympatric_Gene_Flow_among_Morphologically_Similar_but_Not_among_Morphologically_Dissimilar_Species_of_Lake_Victoria_Cichlid_Fish">Community Genetics Reveal Elevated Levels of Sympatric Gene Flow among Morphologically Similar but Not among Morphologically Dissimilar Species of Lake Victoria Cichlid Fish</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33649473" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartijnEgas">Martijn Egas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Community Genetics Reveal Elevated Levels of Sympatric Gene Flow among Morphologically Similar but Not among Morphologically Dissimilar Species of Lake Victoria Cichlid Fish","attachmentId":43966561,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14698471/Community_Genetics_Reveal_Elevated_Levels_of_Sympatric_Gene_Flow_among_Morphologically_Similar_but_Not_among_Morphologically_Dissimilar_Species_of_Lake_Victoria_Cichlid_Fish","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14698471/Community_Genetics_Reveal_Elevated_Levels_of_Sympatric_Gene_Flow_among_Morphologically_Similar_but_Not_among_Morphologically_Dissimilar_Species_of_Lake_Victoria_Cichlid_Fish"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="18886553" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18886553/Phenotypic_novelty_in_experimental_hybrids_is_predicted_by_the_genetic_distance_between_species_of_cichlid_fish">Phenotypic novelty in experimental hybrids is predicted by the genetic distance between species of cichlid fish</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39191901" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SchmidCorinne">Corinne Schmid</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phenotypic novelty in experimental hybrids is predicted by the genetic distance between species of cichlid fish","attachmentId":40310949,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18886553/Phenotypic_novelty_in_experimental_hybrids_is_predicted_by_the_genetic_distance_between_species_of_cichlid_fish","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18886553/Phenotypic_novelty_in_experimental_hybrids_is_predicted_by_the_genetic_distance_between_species_of_cichlid_fish"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="69611821" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69611821/Genomics_of_parallel_ecological_speciation_in_Lake_Victoria_cichlids">Genomics of parallel ecological speciation in Lake Victoria cichlids</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular biology and evolution, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The genetic basis of parallel evolution of similar species is of great interest in evolutionary biology. In the adaptive radiation of Lake Victoria cichlid fishes, sister species with either blue or red-back male nuptial coloration have evolved repeatedly, often associated with shallower and deeper water, respectively. One such case are blue and red-backed Pundamilia species, for which we recently showed that a young species pair may have evolved through &quot;hybrid parallel speciation&quot;. Coalescent simulations suggested that the older species P. pundamilia (blue) and P. nyererei (red-back) admixed in the Mwanza Gulf and that new &quot;nyererei-like&quot; and &quot;pundamilia-like&quot; species evolved from the admixed population. Here, we use genome scans to study the genomic architecture of differentiation, and assess the influence of hybridization on the evolution of the younger species pair. For each of the two species pairs, we find over 300 genomic regions, widespread acr...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genomics of parallel ecological speciation in Lake Victoria cichlids","attachmentId":79640142,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69611821/Genomics_of_parallel_ecological_speciation_in_Lake_Victoria_cichlids","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69611821/Genomics_of_parallel_ecological_speciation_in_Lake_Victoria_cichlids"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="28293221" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28293221/Genetic_linkage_of_distinct_adaptive_traits_in_sympatrically_speciating_crater_lake_cichlid_fish">Genetic linkage of distinct adaptive traits in sympatrically speciating crater lake cichlid fish</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25663965" href="https://muni.academia.edu/VieraKovacova">Viera Kovacova</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8742" href="https://qut.academia.edu/CarmeloFruciano">Carmelo Fruciano</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Our understanding of how biological diversity arises is limited, especially in the case of speciation in the face of gene flow. Here we investigate the genomic basis of adaptive traits, focusing on a sympatrically diverging species pair of crater lake cichlid fishes. We identify the main quantitative trait loci (QTL) for two eco-morphological traits: body shape and phar-yngeal jaw morphology. These traits diverge in parallel between benthic and limnetic species in the repeated adaptive radiations of this and other fish lineages. Remarkably, a single chromosomal region contains the highest effect size QTL for both traits. Transcriptomic data show that the QTL regions contain genes putatively under selection. Independent population genomic data corroborate QTL regions as areas of high differentiation between the sympatric sister species. Our results provide empirical support for current theoretical models that emphasize the importance of genetic linkage and pleiotropy in facilitating rapid divergence in sympatry.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic linkage of distinct adaptive traits in sympatrically speciating crater lake cichlid fish","attachmentId":48625053,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28293221/Genetic_linkage_of_distinct_adaptive_traits_in_sympatrically_speciating_crater_lake_cichlid_fish","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28293221/Genetic_linkage_of_distinct_adaptive_traits_in_sympatrically_speciating_crater_lake_cichlid_fish"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="69611805" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69611805/Evolutionary_divergence_in_replicate_pairs_of_ecotypes_of_Lake_Victoria_cichlid_fish">Evolutionary divergence in replicate pairs of ecotypes of Lake Victoria cichlid fish</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolutionary divergence in replicate pairs of ecotypes of Lake Victoria cichlid fish","attachmentId":79640126,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69611805/Evolutionary_divergence_in_replicate_pairs_of_ecotypes_of_Lake_Victoria_cichlid_fish","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69611805/Evolutionary_divergence_in_replicate_pairs_of_ecotypes_of_Lake_Victoria_cichlid_fish"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="18886715" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18886715/Population_genomic_signatures_of_divergent_adaptation_gene_flow_and_hybrid_speciation_in_the_rapid_radiation_of_Lake_Victoria_cichlid_fishes">Population genomic signatures of divergent adaptation, gene flow and hybrid speciation in the rapid radiation of Lake Victoria cichlid fishes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular Ecology, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Population genomic signatures of divergent adaptation, gene flow and hybrid speciation in the rapid radiation of Lake Victoria cichlid fishes","attachmentId":40311045,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18886715/Population_genomic_signatures_of_divergent_adaptation_gene_flow_and_hybrid_speciation_in_the_rapid_radiation_of_Lake_Victoria_cichlid_fishes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18886715/Population_genomic_signatures_of_divergent_adaptation_gene_flow_and_hybrid_speciation_in_the_rapid_radiation_of_Lake_Victoria_cichlid_fishes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="111466787" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111466787/Demographic_modelling_with_whole_genome_data_reveals_parallel_origin_of_similar_i_Pundamilia_i_cichlid_species_after_hybridization">Demographic modelling with whole-genome data reveals parallel origin of similar<i>Pundamilia</i>cichlid species after hybridization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular Ecology, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Demographic modelling with whole-genome data reveals parallel origin of similar\u003ci\u003ePundamilia\u003c/i\u003ecichlid species after hybridization","attachmentId":108998464,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111466787/Demographic_modelling_with_whole_genome_data_reveals_parallel_origin_of_similar_i_Pundamilia_i_cichlid_species_after_hybridization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111466787/Demographic_modelling_with_whole_genome_data_reveals_parallel_origin_of_similar_i_Pundamilia_i_cichlid_species_after_hybridization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="44950705" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44950705/Ontogenetic_divergence_generates_novel_phenotypes_in_hybrid_cichlids">Ontogenetic divergence generates novel phenotypes in hybrid cichlids</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8300075" href="https://csic.academia.edu/JavierHSantosSantos">Javier H . Santos-Santos</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Anatomy, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Hybridization is suggested to contribute to ecomorphological and taxonomic diversity in lacustrine East African cichlids. This is supported by studies demonstrating that genetic diversity within lake radiations has been influenced by hybridization events, leading to extensive phenotypic differentiation of genetically closely related species. Hybrid persistence and speciation in sympatry with gene flow can be explained by pleiotropy in traits involved in reproductive isolation; however, little attention has been given to how trait differentiation is established during hybrid ontogeny, and how this may relate to trophic and locomotor specialization. This study compares body shape changes in a Lake Victoria cichlid hybrid throughout its post-hatch ontogeny to those of its parental species. Across the considered age/size categories, hybrids occupy a distinct and intermediate morphological space, yet where several transgressive traits emerge. A between-group principal component analysis on body shapes across size categories reveals axes of shape variation exclusive to the hybrids in the youngest/ smallest size categories. Shape differences in the hybrids involved morphological traits known to be implicated in trophic and locomotor specializations in the parental species. Combined, our findings suggest that phenotypic divergence in the hybrid can lead to functional differences that may potentially release them to some degree from competition with the parental species. These findings agree with recent literature that addresses the potential importance of hybridization for the unusually recent origin of the Lake Victoria cichlid super-species flock.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ontogenetic divergence generates novel phenotypes in hybrid cichlids","attachmentId":65480985,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44950705/Ontogenetic_divergence_generates_novel_phenotypes_in_hybrid_cichlids","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44950705/Ontogenetic_divergence_generates_novel_phenotypes_in_hybrid_cichlids"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="30069410" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30069410/BMC_Evolutionary_Biology_Phenotypic_novelty_in_experimental_hybrids_is_predicted_by_the_genetic_distance_between_species_of_cichlid_fish">BMC Evolutionary Biology Phenotypic novelty in experimental hybrids is predicted by the genetic distance between species of cichlid fish</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2323640" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OliverSelz">Oliver Selz</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Transgressive segregation describes the occurrence of novel phenotypes in hybrids with extreme trait values not observed in either parental species. A previously experimentally untested prediction is that the amount of transgression increases with the genetic distance between hybridizing species. This follows from QTL studies suggesting that transgression is most commonly due to complementary gene action or epistasis, which become more frequent at larger genetic distances. This is because the number of QTLs fixed for alleles with opposing signs in different species should increase with time since speciation provided that speciation is not driven by disruptive selection. We measured the amount of transgression occurring in hybrids of cichlid fish bred from species pairs with gradually increasing genetic distances and varying phenotypic similarity. Transgression in multi-trait shape phenotypes was quantified using landmark-based geometric morphometric methods.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology Phenotypic novelty in experimental hybrids is predicted by the genetic distance between species of cichlid fish","attachmentId":50518521,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30069410/BMC_Evolutionary_Biology_Phenotypic_novelty_in_experimental_hybrids_is_predicted_by_the_genetic_distance_between_species_of_cichlid_fish","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30069410/BMC_Evolutionary_Biology_Phenotypic_novelty_in_experimental_hybrids_is_predicted_by_the_genetic_distance_between_species_of_cichlid_fish"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":101146651,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":101146651,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_101146651" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="13219857" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13219857/CONTRASTING_PATTERNS_OF_SPATIAL_GENETIC_STRUCTURE_IN_SYMPATRIC_ROCK_DWELLING_CICHLID_FISHES">CONTRASTING PATTERNS OF SPATIAL GENETIC STRUCTURE IN SYMPATRIC ROCK-DWELLING CICHLID FISHES</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32472659" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmyMcCune">Amy McCune</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolution, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"CONTRASTING PATTERNS OF SPATIAL GENETIC STRUCTURE IN SYMPATRIC ROCK-DWELLING CICHLID FISHES","attachmentId":45581141,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13219857/CONTRASTING_PATTERNS_OF_SPATIAL_GENETIC_STRUCTURE_IN_SYMPATRIC_ROCK_DWELLING_CICHLID_FISHES","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13219857/CONTRASTING_PATTERNS_OF_SPATIAL_GENETIC_STRUCTURE_IN_SYMPATRIC_ROCK_DWELLING_CICHLID_FISHES"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="96550418" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/96550418/Newly_discovered_cichlid_fish_biodiversity_threatened_by_hybridization_with_non_native_species">Newly discovered cichlid fish biodiversity threatened by hybridization with non‐native species</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="232196573" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BNgatunga">Benjamin Ngatunga</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular Ecology, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Newly discovered cichlid fish biodiversity threatened by hybridization with non‐native species","attachmentId":98417838,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96550418/Newly_discovered_cichlid_fish_biodiversity_threatened_by_hybridization_with_non_native_species","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96550418/Newly_discovered_cichlid_fish_biodiversity_threatened_by_hybridization_with_non_native_species"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="120317243" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120317243/Interspecific_hybridization_can_generate_functional_novelty_in_cichlid_fish">Interspecific hybridization can generate functional novelty in cichlid fish</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interspecific hybridization can generate functional novelty in cichlid fish","attachmentId":115507480,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120317243/Interspecific_hybridization_can_generate_functional_novelty_in_cichlid_fish","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120317243/Interspecific_hybridization_can_generate_functional_novelty_in_cichlid_fish"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="30070394" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30070394/Effects_of_interspecific_gene_flow_on_the_phenotypic_variance_covariance_matrix_in_Lake_Victoria_Cichlids">Effects of interspecific gene flow on the phenotypic variance–covariance matrix in Lake Victoria Cichlids</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2323640" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OliverSelz">Oliver Selz</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effects of interspecific gene flow on the phenotypic variance–covariance matrix in Lake Victoria Cichlids","attachmentId":50519344,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30070394/Effects_of_interspecific_gene_flow_on_the_phenotypic_variance_covariance_matrix_in_Lake_Victoria_Cichlids","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30070394/Effects_of_interspecific_gene_flow_on_the_phenotypic_variance_covariance_matrix_in_Lake_Victoria_Cichlids"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="3152133" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3152133/Unusually_fine_scale_genetic_structuring_found_in_rapidly_speciating_Malawi_cichlid_fishes">Unusually fine-scale genetic structuring found in rapidly speciating Malawi cichlid fishes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3603589" href="https://csic.academia.edu/CiroRico">Ciro Rico</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of The Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences (1934-1990), 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Unusually fine-scale genetic structuring found in rapidly speciating Malawi cichlid fishes","attachmentId":50435218,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3152133/Unusually_fine_scale_genetic_structuring_found_in_rapidly_speciating_Malawi_cichlid_fishes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3152133/Unusually_fine_scale_genetic_structuring_found_in_rapidly_speciating_Malawi_cichlid_fishes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="23408396" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23408396/Comparative_analysis_reveals_signatures_of_differentiation_amid_genomic_polymorphism_in_Lake_Malawi_cichlids">Comparative analysis reveals signatures of differentiation amid genomic polymorphism in Lake Malawi cichlids</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45368072" href="https://cdc.academia.edu/LeeKatz">Lee Katz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comparative analysis reveals signatures of differentiation amid genomic polymorphism in Lake Malawi cichlids","attachmentId":43854361,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23408396/Comparative_analysis_reveals_signatures_of_differentiation_amid_genomic_polymorphism_in_Lake_Malawi_cichlids","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23408396/Comparative_analysis_reveals_signatures_of_differentiation_amid_genomic_polymorphism_in_Lake_Malawi_cichlids"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="13706089" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13706089/Behavioural_isolation_may_facilitate_homoploid_hybrid_speciation_in_cichlid_fish">Behavioural isolation may facilitate homoploid hybrid speciation in cichlid fish</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32839171" href="https://rug.academia.edu/MartineMaan">Martine Maan</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Behavioural isolation may facilitate homoploid hybrid speciation in cichlid fish","attachmentId":45033895,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13706089/Behavioural_isolation_may_facilitate_homoploid_hybrid_speciation_in_cichlid_fish","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13706089/Behavioural_isolation_may_facilitate_homoploid_hybrid_speciation_in_cichlid_fish"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="18886696" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18886696/Origins_of_Shared_Genetic_Variation_in_African_Cichlids">Origins of Shared Genetic Variation in African Cichlids</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Origins of Shared Genetic Variation in African Cichlids","attachmentId":40311041,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18886696/Origins_of_Shared_Genetic_Variation_in_African_Cichlids","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18886696/Origins_of_Shared_Genetic_Variation_in_African_Cichlids"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="110196988" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110196988/Chromosome_differentiation_patterns_during_cichlid_fish_evolution">Chromosome differentiation patterns during cichlid fish evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10039048" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PauloVenere">Paulo Venere</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC Genetics, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chromosome differentiation patterns during cichlid fish evolution","attachmentId":108088412,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110196988/Chromosome_differentiation_patterns_during_cichlid_fish_evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110196988/Chromosome_differentiation_patterns_during_cichlid_fish_evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="18886511" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18886511/Sympatric_colour_polymorphisms_associated_with_nonrandom_gene_flow_in_cichlid_fish_of_Lake_Victoria">Sympatric colour polymorphisms associated with nonrandom gene flow in cichlid fish of Lake Victoria</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39138007" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MagalhaesIsabel">Isabel Magalhaes</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sympatric colour polymorphisms associated with nonrandom gene flow in cichlid fish of Lake Victoria","attachmentId":40310924,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18886511/Sympatric_colour_polymorphisms_associated_with_nonrandom_gene_flow_in_cichlid_fish_of_Lake_Victoria","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18886511/Sympatric_colour_polymorphisms_associated_with_nonrandom_gene_flow_in_cichlid_fish_of_Lake_Victoria"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="120317255" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120317255/Divergent_selection_and_phenotypic_plasticity_during_incipient_speciation_in_Lake_Victoria_cichlid_fish">Divergent selection and phenotypic plasticity during incipient speciation in Lake Victoria cichlid fish</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Divergent selection and phenotypic plasticity during incipient speciation in Lake Victoria cichlid fish","attachmentId":115507561,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120317255/Divergent_selection_and_phenotypic_plasticity_during_incipient_speciation_in_Lake_Victoria_cichlid_fish","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120317255/Divergent_selection_and_phenotypic_plasticity_during_incipient_speciation_in_Lake_Victoria_cichlid_fish"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="19097773" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19097773/Sampling_genetic_diversity_in_the_sympatrically_and_allopatrically_speciating_Midas_cichlid_species_complex_over_a_16_year_time_series">Sampling genetic diversity in the sympatrically and allopatrically speciating Midas cichlid species complex over a 16 year time series</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39280020" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartaBarluenga">Marta Barluenga</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sampling genetic diversity in the sympatrically and allopatrically speciating Midas cichlid species complex over a 16 year time series","attachmentId":40429853,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19097773/Sampling_genetic_diversity_in_the_sympatrically_and_allopatrically_speciating_Midas_cichlid_species_complex_over_a_16_year_time_series","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19097773/Sampling_genetic_diversity_in_the_sympatrically_and_allopatrically_speciating_Midas_cichlid_species_complex_over_a_16_year_time_series"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="90535164" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90535164/Genetic_Structure_of_Pelagic_and_Littoral_Cichlid_Fishes_from_Lake_Victoria">Genetic Structure of Pelagic and Littoral Cichlid Fishes from Lake Victoria</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66242389" href="https://independent.academia.edu/semvuamzighani">semvua mzighani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS ONE, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic Structure of Pelagic and Littoral Cichlid Fishes from Lake Victoria","attachmentId":94072277,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90535164/Genetic_Structure_of_Pelagic_and_Littoral_Cichlid_Fishes_from_Lake_Victoria","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90535164/Genetic_Structure_of_Pelagic_and_Littoral_Cichlid_Fishes_from_Lake_Victoria"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="13561158" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13561158/Environmental_variation_hybridization_and_phenotypic_diversification_in_Cuatro_Ci%C3%A9negas_pupfishes">Environmental variation, hybridization, and phenotypic diversification in Cuatro Ciénegas pupfishes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32744490" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EvanCarson1">Evan Carson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Environmental variation, hybridization, and phenotypic diversification in Cuatro Ciénegas pupfishes","attachmentId":45214267,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13561158/Environmental_variation_hybridization_and_phenotypic_diversification_in_Cuatro_Ci%C3%A9negas_pupfishes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13561158/Environmental_variation_hybridization_and_phenotypic_diversification_in_Cuatro_Ci%C3%A9negas_pupfishes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="123697741" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123697741/Exploring_phenotypic_diversity_a_comparative_analysis_of_cichlid_convergence">Exploring phenotypic diversity: a comparative analysis of cichlid convergence</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26957824" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarianaLealCard%C3%ADn">Mariana Leal Cardín</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), 2024</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Exploring phenotypic diversity: a comparative analysis of cichlid convergence","attachmentId":118068495,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123697741/Exploring_phenotypic_diversity_a_comparative_analysis_of_cichlid_convergence","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123697741/Exploring_phenotypic_diversity_a_comparative_analysis_of_cichlid_convergence"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="51856175" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51856175/Chromosomal_Changes_and_Adaptation_Of_Cichlid_Fishes_During_Evolution">Chromosomal Changes and Adaptation Of Cichlid Fishes During Evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="68032641" href="https://independent.academia.edu/jorgequinaluisa">jorge quinaluisa</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chromosomal Changes and Adaptation Of Cichlid Fishes During Evolution","attachmentId":69391641,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51856175/Chromosomal_Changes_and_Adaptation_Of_Cichlid_Fishes_During_Evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51856175/Chromosomal_Changes_and_Adaptation_Of_Cichlid_Fishes_During_Evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="98916165" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98916165/Constraints_to_speciation_despite_divergence_in_an_old_haplochromine_cichlid_lineage">Constraints to speciation despite divergence in an old haplochromine cichlid lineage</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7541539" href="https://independent.academia.edu/oleseehausen">ole seehausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolution</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Constraints to speciation despite divergence in an old haplochromine cichlid lineage","attachmentId":100140395,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98916165/Constraints_to_speciation_despite_divergence_in_an_old_haplochromine_cichlid_lineage","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98916165/Constraints_to_speciation_despite_divergence_in_an_old_haplochromine_cichlid_lineage"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="49643197" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49643197/Heritability_and_heterochrony_of_polychromatism_in_a_Lake_Victoria_Cichlid_fish_stepping_stones_for_speciation">Heritability and heterochrony of polychromatism in a Lake Victoria Cichlid fish: stepping stones for speciation?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35544389" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JacquesVanAlphen">Jacques Van Alphen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Heritability and heterochrony of polychromatism in a Lake Victoria Cichlid fish: stepping stones for speciation?","attachmentId":67942818,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49643197/Heritability_and_heterochrony_of_polychromatism_in_a_Lake_Victoria_Cichlid_fish_stepping_stones_for_speciation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49643197/Heritability_and_heterochrony_of_polychromatism_in_a_Lake_Victoria_Cichlid_fish_stepping_stones_for_speciation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="156" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="4313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Flow">Gene Flow</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="42324" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heredity">Heredity</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="64336" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population">Population</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="188356" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Introgression">Introgression</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="358670" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Isolation">Reproductive Isolation</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>