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} if (getRandomArbitrary(0,99) > 95) { openDialog(); } </script></div> </section> <section id="block-pw-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block clearfix"> <article data-history-node-id="13516"> <div> <div class="container field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"> <div class="wp-block-columns has-white-color has-undrr-accent-color-4-background-color has-text-color has-background pt-20 pb-20 mg-container-full-width"> <div class="wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center " style="flex-basis:60%"> <h1 class="wp-block-heading ">Understanding disaster risk: <br>foundational concepts and principles</h1> <p class="has-large-font-size ">Explore the encyclopedia of disaster risk reduction</p> <p class="has-regular-font-size ">Reading the materials in this section, you will learn to understand the concept of disaster risk, risk assessment, management strategies, and the importance of collaboration among stakeholders for effective disaster risk reduction.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "><div class="wp-block-drupalmedia-drupal-media-entity"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/1280-x-720-Understanding-Risks_1.svg" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-columns has-undrr-light-grey-background-color has-background mg-container-full-width pt-20 pb-20"> <div class="wp-block-column pt-20 pb-20" style="flex-basis:60%"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading ">On this page</h2> <ol class="undefined "> <li class="undefined "><a href="#why-risk-matters">Why reducing risk matters</a></li> <li class="undefined "><a href="#components">Components of risk</a></li> <li class="undefined "><a href="#risk-drivers">Risk drivers</a></li> <li class="undefined "><a href="#key-concepts">Key concepts</a></li> <li class="undefined "><a href="#glossary">The DRR glossary</a></li> <li class="undefined "><a href="#engage">Engage in DRR</a></li> </ol> </div> <div class="wp-block-column pt-20 pb-20" style="flex-basis:40%"> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio "><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe width="356" height="200" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/93TJ_3tAojE?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen title="Prevention saves lives"></iframe> </div></figure> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:100%"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading " id="why-risk-matters">Why reducing risk matters</h2> <p class="undefined ">Saving lives, protecting infrastructure, safeguarding economies, preserving the environment and building resilience.</p> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2023-06/MicrosoftTeams-image%20%2838%29.png.jpg?itok=LXlK0zjc" alt="People discussing statistics" data-mg-media-id="88007" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="/understanding-disaster-risk/disaster-losses-and-statistics">Disaster losses and statistics</a></header><div class="mg-card__summary">While absolute economic losses are concentrated in high-income countries, the human cost of disasters falls overwhelmingly on low and middle-income countries.<br></div></div></div></article> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2024-06/1DR-Solutions-2x.png.jpg?itok=nSOoZb4F" alt="illustration" data-mg-media-id="97036" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/disaster-risk-solutions">Disaster risk solutions </a></header><div class="mg-card__summary">Concrete innovations, inventions, and strategies are reducing the impacts of disasters worldwide. These practical case studies and proven strategies address various aspects of disaster risk.</div></div></div></article> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2021-12/Thumbnail-Business-case-for-DRR.jpg?h=2cf907fb&itok=NHovaUzX" alt="Thumbnail: Business case for DRR" data-mg-media-id="76702" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="/understanding-disaster-risk/business-case-for-DRR">The business case for DRR</a></header><div class="mg-card__summary">Investing in disaster risk reduction (DRR) saves lives and money and future-proofs our development gains.</div></div></div></article> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-buttons "> <div class="wp-block-button "><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://www.preventionweb.net/about-preventionweb">Discover what you can do on PreventionWeb</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:75%"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading " id="components">Components of risk</h2> <p class="undefined ">Disaster risk is the consequence of the interaction between a hazard and the characteristics that make people and places vulnerable and exposed.</p> <ul class="bold-list "> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/component-risk/disaster-risk">Disaster Risk</a><br>Disaster risk is expressed as the likelihood of loss of life, injury or destruction and damage from a disaster in a given period of time.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="/understanding-disaster-risk/component-risk/hazard">Hazard</a><br>A hazard is a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Hazards may be natural, anthropogenic or socionatural in origin.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/component-risk/vulnerability">Vulnerability</a><br>The characteristics determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/component-risk/exposure">Exposure</a><br>The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:25%"> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2024-02/UNDRR-Pw-editors-myths.jpg?h=7c2d89ab&itok=qe_vXCNa" alt="Disaster myths" data-mg-media-id="94112" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="/news/seven-myths-about-disasters-debunked-separating-disaster-facts-disastrous-falsehoods">Seven myths debunked</a></header><div class="mg-card__summary">In times of disaster, myths and misinformation can spread like wildfire. To help you keep your head above the floodwaters of myth and misconception, the PreventionWeb editors have put together a life-raft of truths.<br></div></div></div></article> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:75%"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading " id="risk-drivers">Risk drivers</h2> <p class="undefined ">Risk is influenced by the decisions we make. From climate change to poor urban planning, it is critical to understand and address risk drivers to curb disaster risk.</p> <ul class="bold-list "> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/risk-drivers/climate-change">Climate change</a><br>Climate change can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways - by altering the frequency and intensity of hazard events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/risk-drivers/enviromental-degradation">Environmental degradation</a><br>Environmental degradation is both a driver and consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological needs.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/risk-drivers/globalized-economic-development">Globalized economic development</a><br>This has increased vulnerability to disasters in some cases, whilst increasing exposure to hazards in others as more (and often more valuable) assets are developed in hazard-prone areas.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/risk-drivers/poverty-inequality">Poverty and inequality</a><br>Poverty is both a driver and consequence of disasters, and the processes that further disaster risk related poverty are permeated with inequality.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/risk-drivers/poorly-planned-urban-development">Poorly planned urban development</a><br>Whether or not disaster risk is factored into investment decisions in urban development will have a decisive influence on the future of disaster risk reduction.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/risk-drivers/weak-governance">Weak governance</a><br>Investment environments in which public sector actors do not assume their roles and responsibilities.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:25%"></div> </div> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:75%"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading " id="key-concepts">Key concepts</h2> <p class="undefined ">From deterministic and probabilistic risk to intensive and extensive risk, explore key concepts in disaster risk reduction.</p> <ul class="bold-list "> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/key-concepts/anticipatory-action">Anticipatory action</a><br>Anticipatory action allows humanitarians and affected communities to make informed decisions ahead of a humanitarian crisis – saving time and money; preventing displacement, disease, loss of livelihood; and preserving the dignity of those affected.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/key-concepts/capacity">Capacity</a><br>Capacity refers to all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, organization or society to manage and reduce disaster risks and strengthen resilience.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/conducting-simulation-exercises" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.preventionweb.net/conducting-simulation-exercises">Conducting simulation exercises</a><br>Simulation exercises help prepare communities and allow for stress testing plans and systems for effective response. Systems, emergency procedures, contingency plans, response mechanisms, and equipment are tested in these exercises.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/key-concepts/deterministic-probablistic-risk">Deterministic and probabilistic risk</a><br>Deterministic risk considers the impact of a single risk scenario, whereas probabilistic risk considers all possible scenarios, their likelihood and associated impacts.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/key-concepts/direct-indirect-losses">Direct and indirect losses</a><br>Losses (the result of being deprived of something) are a measure (quantified or not) of the damage or destruction caused by a disaster. The impact of a disaster can, however, be much farther reaching.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/key-concepts/disaster-risk-reduction-disaster-risk-management">Disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management</a><br>The policy objective of anticipating and reducing risk is called disaster risk reduction (DRR). Although often used interchangeably with DRR, disaster risk management (DRM) can be thought of as the implementation of DRR, since it describes the actions that aim to achieve the objective of reducing risk.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/key-concepts/intensive-extensive-risk">Intensive and extensive risk</a><br>Extensive risk is used to describe the risk associated with low-severity, high-frequency events, mainly but not exclusively associated with highly localized hazards. Intensive risk is used to describe the risk associated to high-severity, mid to low-frequency events, mainly associated with major hazards.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/key-concepts/resilience">Resilience</a><br>In the context of disaster risk, the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate, adapt to, transform and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions through risk management.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/scaling-up-humanitarian-action" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.preventionweb.net/scaling-up-humanitarian-action">Scaling up DRR in humanitarian action</a><br>Scaling up disaster risk reduction (DRR) in humanitarian and fragile contexts is critical as it complements emergency response with a focus on reducing exposure and vulnerability. DRR integration also helps to ensure that no one is left behind, as marginalization and social inequalities reinforce vulnerable populations’ exposure to disasters.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/key-concepts/sovereign-risk">Sovereign risk</a><br>If the potential occurrence of a disaster is not taken into account in the government's budget and a disaster occurs, this could entail a deficit for the country, and impact negatively on the country’s creditworthiness. A sovereign risk financing strategy aims at strengthening the capacity of the government to respond after a disaster event while protecting its fiscal balance.</li> <li class="undefined "><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/key-concepts/systemic-risk">Systemic risk</a><br>Systemic risks involve: multiple communities, cities, regions, or countries; risks that are interconnected; effects that move from one system or network to another and are uncertain or unpredictable; and they have potentially devastating outcomes – like the collapse of entire systems and threats to society as a whole.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:25%"> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card mg-container-full-width "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2022-06/Bangladesh-floods.jpg?h=89bdb071&itok=g5g_cpVQ" alt="Heavy flooding from monsoon rain and tide from river in Dohar, Bangladesh (2016)" data-mg-media-id="80848" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="/walk-though-history-disaster-risk-reduction">Α Walk through DRR History</a></header><div class="mg-card__summary">Discover the early experiences and works of the disaster risk reduction pioneers between 1970 and 2000.<br></div></div></div></article> </div> </div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading " id="glossary"><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/drr-glossary" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.preventionweb.net/drr-glossary">The DRR Glossary</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2022-09/Shutterstock_2024667200-min.jpg?h=2cf907fb&itok=H0fGFhsx" alt="Man planting mangroves in the water in Indonesia." data-mg-media-id="83424" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="/news/disasters-z">Disasters from A to Z</a></header><div class="mg-card__summary">Disaster risk reduction explained: explore some key terms and concepts.<br></div></div></div></article> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card mg-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2021-12/Terminology%20logo_1.png.jpg?itok=OnmJmItZ" alt="Terminology logo.png" data-mg-media-id="76231" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology">Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction</a></header><div class="mg-card__summary">The Open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology relating to disaster risk reduction was established by the General Assembly in its resolution 69/284 for the development of a set of possible indicators to measure global progress in the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.</div></div></div></article> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card mg-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2022-01/screenshot%20HIPs%20webinar_0.PNG.jpg?itok=FjjqO_id" alt="Webinar: Advancing the Hazard Information Profiles (HIPs): Building a network to champion the HIPs in the DRR community and beyond" data-mg-media-id="77133" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips">Hazard Information Profiles</a></header><div class="mg-card__summary">The <a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips">Hazard Information Profiles</a> (HIP) provide a common set of hazard definitions to Governments and stakeholders to inform their strategies and actions on risk reduction and management. <br></div></div></div></article> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column "> <h2 class="wp-block-heading " id="engage">Engage in DRR</h2> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2024-06/1knowledge-base-2x.png.jpg?itok=HOPuKXkM" alt="illustration" data-mg-media-id="97030" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="/knowledge-base/">Knowledge base</a></header><div class="mg-card__summary">With more than 75,000 news items, publications and other updates explore daily updates on what's happening in disaster risk and resilience.<br><br></div></div></div></article> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2024-06/1Community-announcement-2x.png.jpg?itok=kFNvHxZe" alt="illustration" data-mg-media-id="97027" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="/community">The DRR community</a></header><div class="mg-card__summary">Grow your skills, find a vacancy and advocate for DRR.</div></div></div></article> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2023-05/Implementing-the-SF.jpg?h=0cfde3e1&itok=41Sgvax3" alt="Implementing the Sendai Framework" data-mg-media-id="87689" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="/sendai-framework/sendai-framework-for-disaster-risk-reduction">What is the Sendai Framework?</a></header><div class="mg-card__summary">A global blueprint aiming to substantially reduce disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods, and health, while also enhancing resilience and promoting sustainable development.</div></div></div></article> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-buttons "> <div class="wp-block-button "><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="/about-preventionweb">Discover what you can do on PreventionWeb</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-columns has-white-color has-undrr-accent-color-4-background-color has-text-color has-background "> <div class="wp-block-column "> <p class="has-large-font-size "><strong>Hazards do not have to turn into disasters. </strong></p> <p class="has-large-font-size ">To break the vicious cycle of "Disaster, respond, recover, repeat.", we need a better understanding of disaster risk, in all its dimensions.</p> </div> </div> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__hc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2024-09/GAR-banner.JPG.jpg?itok=kyCkLgsk" alt="GAR 2024 cover" data-mg-media-id="100301" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="https://www.undrr.org/gar">GAR: Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction</a></header><div class="mg-card__summary">The UN Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR) is the flagship report of the United Nations on worldwide efforts to reduce disaster risk.</div><a href="https://www.undrr.org/gar" class="mg-button mg-button-primary mg-button-arrow" role="button" type="Primary">Explore the GAR</a></div></div></article> <style> .bold-list a { font-weight: bold; } </style> </div> </div> </article> </section> <section id="block-temporaryjsandorcssfixes-8" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentb3feb174-4295-46d4-89d0-41ab057ce04e clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><style> /* GP temp fixes for 4.12 https://gitlab.com/undrr/web-backlog/-/issues/1728 */ @media (max-width: 605px) { body .gp-background-container-right-half::before { background-size: cover !important; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-bottom: 300px; position: static; } } /* ensure contextual menus show properly */ .contextual-region .contextual .contextual-links li { display: block; } /* A WIP of various compatibility issues for content that has been migrated from 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