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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Before Korean division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_Korean_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>After division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hanja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pitch_marks_and_vertical_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hangul in Unicode subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hangul_in_Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hangul_syllables_block" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hangul_syllables_block"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Hangul syllables block</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hangul_syllables_block-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-How_to_code_this_in_Rust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_code_this_in_Rust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>How to code this in Rust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_to_code_this_in_Rust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo_block" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo_block"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Hangul Compatibility Jamo block</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo_block-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hangul_Jamo_blocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hangul_Jamo_blocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Hangul Jamo blocks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hangul_Jamo_blocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanyang_Private_Use_Area_code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanyang_Private_Use_Area_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Hanyang Private Use Area code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanyang_Private_Use_Area_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Technical plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-technical" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be too technical for most readers to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samsung_K652V.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Samsung_K652V.jpg/300px-Samsung_K652V.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Samsung_K652V.jpg/450px-Samsung_K652V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Samsung_K652V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption>A South Korean keyboard using Dubeolsik layout.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">writing system</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean language</a> is a syllabic alphabet of character parts (<span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">jamo</i></span>) organized into character blocks (<span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">geulja</i></span>) representing <a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">syllables</a>. The character parts cannot be written from left to right on the computer, as in many Western languages. Every possible syllable in Korean would have to be rendered as syllable blocks by a <a href="/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">font</a>, or each character part would have to be <a href="/wiki/Code" title="Code">encoded</a> separately. <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> has both options; the character parts <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">ㅎ</span></span> (h) and <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">ㅏ</span></span> (a), and the combined syllable <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">하</span></span> (ha), are encoded. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character_encoding"><span class="anchor" id="Character_encodings"></span>Character encoding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Character encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code#EUC-KR" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code § EUC-KR</a>, <a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a>, <a href="/wiki/GB_12052" title="GB 12052">GB 12052</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_Hangul_characters_in_ISO/IEC_2022%E2%80%93compliant_national_character_set_standards" title="List of modern Hangul characters in ISO/IEC 2022–compliant national character set standards">List of modern Hangul characters in ISO/IEC 2022–compliant national character set standards</a></div> <p>In <a href="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1557" class="extiw" title="rfc:1557">RFC 1557</a>, a method known as <a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-KR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-KR">ISO-2022-KR</a> for seven-bit encoding of Korean characters in <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a> was described. Where eight <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a> are allowed, EUC-KR encoding is preferred. These two encodings combine US-ASCII (<a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO 646</a>) with the Korean standard <a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a>:1992<sup id="cite_ref-qk_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (previously named KS C 5601:1987). Another character set, <a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a> (similar to KS X 1001), is used in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>. </p><p>The international <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard contains special characters for the Korean language in the <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> phonetic system. Unicode supports two methods. The method used by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> is to have each of the <a href="/wiki/Hangul#Unicode" title="Hangul">11,172</a> syllable combinations as code and a preformed font character. The other method encodes letters (<i><a href="/wiki/Hangul#Letters" title="Hangul">jamos</a></i>) and lets the software combine them correctly. The Windows method requires more font memory but allows better shapes, since it is complicated to create stylistically correct combinations (preferable for documents). </p><p>Another possibility is stacking a sequence of <a href="/wiki/Hangul#Jamo" title="Hangul">medial</a>(s) (<i>jungseong</i>) and a sequence of <a href="/wiki/Hangul#Jamo" title="Hangul">final</a>(s) (<i>jongseong</i>) or a <a href="/wiki/Middle_Korean" title="Middle Korean">Middle Korean</a> pitch mark (if needed) on top of the sequence of <a href="/wiki/Hangul#Jamo" title="Hangul">initial</a>(s) (<i>choseong</i>) if the font has medial and final <i>jamos</i> with zero-width spacing inserted to the left of the cursor or caret, thus appearing in the right place below (or to the right of) the initial. If a syllable has a horizontal medial (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">ㅗ</span></span>, <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">ㅛ</span></span>, <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">ㅜ</span></span>, <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">ㅠ</span></span> or <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">ㅡ</span></span>), the initial will probably appear further left in a complete syllable than in preformed syllables due to the space that must be reserved for a vertical medial, making aesthetically poor what may be the only way to display Middle Korean hangul text without resorting to images, romanization, replacement of obsolete jamo or non-standard encodings. However, most current fonts do not support this. </p><p>The Unicode standard also has attempted to create a unified <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK</a> character set which can represent Chinese (<a href="/wiki/Hanzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanzi">Hanzi</a>) and the Japanese (<a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a>) and Korean (<a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>) derivatives of this script through <a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a>, which does not discriminate by language or region in rendering Chinese characters if the typographic traditions have not resulted in major differences in what a character looks like. Han unification has been criticized. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hangul_type,_Korean_typewriters"><span id="Hangul_type.2C_Korean_typewriters"></span>Hangul type, Korean typewriters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hangul type, Korean typewriters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80_%EC%9E%90%ED%8C%90_:ko:%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80_%ED%83%80%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0" class="extiw" title="ko:한글 자판 :ko:한글 타자기">ko:한글 자판 :ko:한글 타자기</a></div> <p>While the first Korean typewriter, or 한글 타자기, is unclear,the first <i>Moa-Sugi</i> style (모아쓰기,The form of hangul where consonants and vowels come together to form a letter; The standard form of Hangul used today) typewriter is thought to be first invented by Korean-American gyopo Lee Won-Ik (이원익) in 1914, where he modified a Smith Premier 10 typewriter's type into Hangul.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Alongside Lee Won-ik's, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Grant_Underwood" title="Horace Grant Underwood">Horace Grant Underwood</a>'s 1913 US-patented Hangul type, <i>the Underwood,</i> and another Korean-American Kim Jun-Sung's Hangul type are also brought up when discussing the first <i>Moa-Sugi</i> type.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1929, the first Dubeolsik typewriter was made by Song Ki-Ju, a student studying abroad in the US, gaining attention from the <a href="/wiki/The_Dong-A_Ilbo" title="The Dong-A Ilbo">Donga ilbo</a>, however, it no longer exists; In 1934 he showcased another type, which was a modification of the <i>Underwood portable</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Song's 1934 typewriter is stored in the Hangul museum as the oldest existing Korean typewriter.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>The invention led to the development of other typewriters in 1945 by Kim Joon Sung and 1950 by <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EB%B3%91%EC%9A%B0" class="extiw" title="ko:공병우">Kong Byung Woo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949, eye doctor <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EB%B3%91%EC%9A%B0" class="extiw" title="ko:공병우">Kong Byung-Woo</a> made the first practical Hangul type able to write both in <i>Moa-Sugi</i> and horizontally.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_text_input">Modern text input</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern text input"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows#Multilingual_support" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows multilingual support</a>, <a href="/wiki/Input_method" title="Input method">Input method</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_input_methods_for_Unix_platforms" title="List of input methods for Unix platforms">List of input methods for Unix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_input_method" title="Japanese input method">Japanese input method</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_input_methods_for_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods for computers">Chinese input methods</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KB_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="South Korean computer keyboard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/KB_South_Korea.svg/300px-KB_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/KB_South_Korea.svg/450px-KB_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/KB_South_Korea.svg/600px-KB_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>South Korean standard <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">Dubeolsik</i></span> ('two-set type') layout</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KB_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="North Korean keyboard, slightly different from its South Korean counterpart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/KB_North_Korea.svg/300px-KB_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/KB_North_Korea.svg/450px-KB_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/KB_North_Korea.svg/600px-KB_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>North Korean <span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">Dubeolsik</i></span> layout</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typing_%EC%9E%88%EC%8A%B5%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4_in_Dubeolsik_keyboard_layout.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Animated keyboard input" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Typing_%EC%9E%88%EC%8A%B5%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4_in_Dubeolsik_keyboard_layout.gif/400px-Typing_%EC%9E%88%EC%8A%B5%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4_in_Dubeolsik_keyboard_layout.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Typing_%EC%9E%88%EC%8A%B5%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4_in_Dubeolsik_keyboard_layout.gif/600px-Typing_%EC%9E%88%EC%8A%B5%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4_in_Dubeolsik_keyboard_layout.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Typing_%EC%9E%88%EC%8A%B5%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4_in_Dubeolsik_keyboard_layout.gif/800px-Typing_%EC%9E%88%EC%8A%B5%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4_in_Dubeolsik_keyboard_layout.gif 2x" data-file-width="1918" data-file-height="898" /></a><figcaption>South Korean Dubeolsik typing example</figcaption></figure> <p>On a Korean computer keyboard, text is typically entered by pressing a key for the appropriate <a href="/wiki/Hangul#Letters" title="Hangul">jamo</a>; the operating system creates each composite character on the fly. Depending on the Input method editor and keyboard layout, double consonants can be entered by holding the shift button. When all jamo making up a syllabic block has been entered, the user may initiate a conversion to <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">hanja</a> (or other special characters) using a keyboard shortcut or interface button; South Korean keyboards have a key for this. Subsequent semi-automated hanja conversion is supported in varying degrees by word processors. </p><p>When using a keyboard with another language, most operating systems require the user to type with an original Korean keyboard layout; the most common is <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Dubeolsik" title="Keyboard layout">Dubeolsik</a>. In other languages, such as Japanese, text can be entered on non-native keyboards with <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanization</a>. </p><p>Operating systems such as <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> allow <i>engine/hangul/hangul-keyboard='ro</i>, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Korean" title="Romanization of Korean">romaja</a> keyboard; typing "seonggye" results in 성계.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this configuration, ㄲ is obtained by "gg" rather than <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">G</kbd>. This allows keying "jasanGun" to obtain 자산군, instead of keying "jasangun" (which would provide 자상운). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Before_Korean_division"><span class="anchor" id="Pre-division_of_Korea"></span>Before Korean division</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Before Korean division"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Korean text input is related to Korean typewriters (타자기) before computers. according to Jang Bong Seon, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Grant_Underwood" title="Horace Grant Underwood">Horace Grant Underwood</a> made a Korean typewriter during the first decade of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927, Song Ki Joo invented the first Dubeolsik typewriter in Chicago; h </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="After_division"><span class="anchor" id="Division_of_Korea"></span>After division</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: After division"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>South Korea originally had a Nebeolsik standard, but Dubeolsik became standard in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hanja">Hanja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hanja"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Korean fonts do not include <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">hanja</a>, and word processors do not allow a user to specify which font to use as a fallback for any hanja in a text; each hanja sequence must be manually formatted for a desired font. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pitch_marks_and_vertical_text"><span class="anchor" id="Special_situations"></span>Pitch marks and vertical text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pitch marks and vertical text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">Vertical text</a> is supported poorly (or not at all) by <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and most word processors. This is not an issue for modern Korean, which is usually written horizontally; until the second half of the 20th century, however, Korean was often written vertically. Fifteenth-century texts written in <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">hangul</a> had pitch marks to the left of syllables which are included in Unicode, although current fonts do not support them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programs">Programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Programs designed for Korean language-related use include: </p> <ul><li>Language recognition <ul><li>A North Korean <a href="/wiki/Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">speech recognition</a> program is said to recognize 100,000 words, with a success rate of over 90 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-qa_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qa-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongnan (page does not exist)">Mongnan</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">목란</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Korea_Computer_Center" title="Korea Computer Center">Korea Computer Center</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-khs_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Korea) –  <a href="/wiki/Optical_character_recognition" title="Optical character recognition">Optical character recognition</a> software, with a reported success rate of 99 percent for printed text and 95 percent for <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_recognition" title="Handwriting recognition">handwriting recognition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-qa_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qa-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Input_method" title="Input method">Input method</a> editors <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangun_(IME)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangun (IME) (page does not exist)">Tan'gun</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">단군</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang_Information_Center" title="Pyongyang Information Center">Pyongyang Information Center</a>, North Korea) –  Allows hangul on English versions of Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-khs_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nalgaeset_Hangul_Input_Method_Editor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nalgaeset Hangul Input Method Editor (page does not exist)">Nalgaeset Hangul Input Method Editor</a> (날개셋 한글 입력기); Kim Yongmook, South Korea) –  A hangul input method developed for the 3(se)-beolsik Windows keyboard layout</li> <li><i>Nabi</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">나비</span></span>), <i>ami</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">아미</span></span>; South Korea) – Permits hangul on <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilingualism#Computing" title="Multilingualism">m17n</a> – Permits revised romanization for hangul input on <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Common_Input_Method" title="Smart Common Input Method">SCIM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Input_Bus" title="Intelligent Input Bus">IBus</a> – Permits hangul and hanja input on <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> operating systems (including Linux and <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">Word processors</a> – The following programs include domestic hangul fonts, non-hangul fonts and a hangul-<a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">hanja</a> conversion utility. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangul_(word_processor)" title="Hangul (word processor)">Hangul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hancom" title="Hancom">Hancom</a>, South Korea)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changdok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Changdok (page does not exist)">Changdok</a> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">창덕</span></span>; PIC,<sup id="cite_ref-khs_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Korea) – <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> program developed in April 1990; a Windows version was developed in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-howfar_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howfar-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a <a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cult_of_personality" title="North Korean cult of personality">personality-cult</a> feature in which pressing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">I</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">J</kbd> produces titles praising <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il" title="Kim Jong Il">Kim Jong Il</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-dgNK100_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dgNK100-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hangul_in_Unicode">Hangul in Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hangul in Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hangul_jamo" title="List of Hangul jamo">List of Hangul jamo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangul_jamo_characters_in_Unicode.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Unicode chart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hangul_jamo_characters_in_Unicode.svg/220px-Hangul_jamo_characters_in_Unicode.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hangul_jamo_characters_in_Unicode.svg/330px-Hangul_jamo_characters_in_Unicode.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hangul_jamo_characters_in_Unicode.svg/440px-Hangul_jamo_characters_in_Unicode.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="1178" /></a><figcaption>Hangul jamo characters in Unicode</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo_block_in_Unicode.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Another Unicode chart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo_block_in_Unicode.svg/220px-Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo_block_in_Unicode.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo_block_in_Unicode.svg/330px-Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo_block_in_Unicode.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo_block_in_Unicode.svg/440px-Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo_block_in_Unicode.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption>Unicode hangul compatibility jamo block</figcaption></figure> <p>Hangul letters are detailed in several parts of Unicode: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangul_Syllables" title="Hangul Syllables">Hangul Syllables</a> (AC00–D7A3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul_Jamo_(Unicode_block)" title="Hangul Jamo (Unicode block)">Hangul Jamo</a> (1100–11FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo" title="Hangul Compatibility Jamo">Hangul Compatibility Jamo</a> (3130–318F)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul_Jamo_Extended-A" title="Hangul Jamo Extended-A">Hangul Jamo Extended-A</a> (A960–A97F)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul_Jamo_Extended-B" title="Hangul Jamo Extended-B">Hangul Jamo Extended-B</a> (D7B0–D7FF)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hangul_syllables_block"><span class="anchor" id="Hangul_Syllables_block"></span>Hangul syllables block</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hangul syllables block"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pre-composed hangul syllables in the Unicode hangul syllables block are algorithmically defined with the following formula: </p> <dl><dd>[(initial) × 588 + (medial) × 28 + (final)] + 44032</dd></dl> <ul><li>Initial consonants</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div><ol start="0"><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄱ">ㄱ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄲ">ㄲ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B4" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄴ">ㄴ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄷ">ㄷ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄸ">ㄸ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B9" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄹ">ㄹ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅁ">ㅁ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅂ">ㅂ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅃ">ㅃ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅅ">ㅅ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅆ">ㅆ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅇ">ㅇ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅈ">ㅈ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅉ">ㅉ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%8A" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅊ">ㅊ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅋ">ㅋ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅌ">ㅌ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅍ">ㅍ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅎ">ㅎ</a></li></ol></div></div> <ul><li>Medial vowels</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div><ol start="0"><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅏ">ㅏ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅐ">ㅐ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%91" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅑ">ㅑ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅒ">ㅒ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅓ">ㅓ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅔ">ㅔ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%95" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅕ">ㅕ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%96" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅖ">ㅖ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅗ">ㅗ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅘ">ㅘ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅙ">ㅙ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅚ">ㅚ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%9B" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅛ">ㅛ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅜ">ㅜ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%9D" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅝ">ㅝ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅞ">ㅞ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅟ">ㅟ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%A0" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅠ">ㅠ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅡ">ㅡ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅢ">ㅢ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅣ">ㅣ</a></li></ol></div></div> <ul><li>Final consonants</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div><ol start="0"><li><i>none</i></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄱ">ㄱ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄲ">ㄲ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄳ">ㄳ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B4" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄴ">ㄴ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B5" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄵ">ㄵ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄶ">ㄶ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄷ">ㄷ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%B9" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄹ">ㄹ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄺ">ㄺ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄻ">ㄻ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄼ">ㄼ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄽ">ㄽ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%BE" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄾ">ㄾ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%84%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄿ">ㄿ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅀ">ㅀ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅁ">ㅁ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅂ">ㅂ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%84" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅄ">ㅄ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅅ">ㅅ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅆ">ㅆ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅇ">ㅇ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅈ">ㅈ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%8A" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅊ">ㅊ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅋ">ㅋ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅌ">ㅌ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅍ">ㅍ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%85%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㅎ">ㅎ</a></li></ol></div></div> <p>To find the code point of "한" in Unicode: </p> <ul><li>The value of the initial consonant (ㅎ) is 18.</li> <li>The value of the medial vowel (ㅏ) is 0.</li> <li>The value of the final consonant (ㄴ) is 4.</li></ul> <p>Substituting these values in the formula above yields [(18 × 588) + (0 × 28) + 4] + 44032 = 54620. The Unicode value of 한 is 54620 in decimal, <code>&#54620;</code> in <a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">numeric character reference</a>, and U+D55C in hexadecimal Unicode notation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="How_to_code_this_in_Rust">How to code this in Rust</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: How to code this in Rust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the below module, calling e.g. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rs mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">hangul</span>::<span class="n">from_jamo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅎ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅏ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄴ'</span><span class="p">))</span></code> will return <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rs mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'한'</span><span class="p">)</span></code>. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rs mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">mod</span> <span class="nn">hangul</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INITIAL_JAMO</span>: <span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">19</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㄱ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㄲ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㄴ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㄷ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㄸ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㄹ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅁ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅂ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅃ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅅ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅆ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅇ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅈ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅉ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅊ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅋ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅌ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅍ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅎ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VOWEL_JAMO</span>: <span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅏ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅐ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅑ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅒ'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅓ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅔ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅕ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅖ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅗ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅘ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅙ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅚ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅛ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅜ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅝ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅞ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅟ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅠ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅡ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅢ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'ㅣ'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FINAL_JAMO</span>: <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄱ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄲ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄳ'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄴ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄵ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄶ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄷ'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄹ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄺ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄻ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄼ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄽ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄾ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㄿ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅀ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅁ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅂ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅄ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅅ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅆ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅇ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅈ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅊ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅋ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅌ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅍ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'ㅎ'</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GA_LOCATION</span>: <span class="kt">u32</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'가'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">u32</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// = 44_032</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">from_jamo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">initial</span>: <span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">medial</span>: <span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last</span>: <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span>::<span class="n">INITIAL_JAMO</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">initial</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span>::<span class="n">VOWEL_JAMO</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">medial</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span>::<span class="n">FINAL_JAMO</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span>::<span class="n">from_u32</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span>::<span class="n">GA_LOCATION</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">588</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">INITIAL_JAMO</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iter</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">position</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|&</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">initial</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">u32</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">VOWEL_JAMO</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iter</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">position</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|&</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">medial</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">u32</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FINAL_JAMO</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iter</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">position</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|&</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">u32</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo_block">Hangul Compatibility Jamo block</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hangul Compatibility Jamo block"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Unicode <a href="/wiki/Hangul_Compatibility_Jamo" title="Hangul Compatibility Jamo">Hangul Compatibility Jamo</a> block has been allocated for compatibility with the <a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a> character set. It is usually used to represent hangul without distinguishing initials and finals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hangul_Jamo_blocks">Hangul Jamo blocks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hangul Jamo blocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hangul_Jamo_(Unicode_block)" title="Hangul Jamo (Unicode block)">Hangul Jamo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangul_Jamo_Extended-A" title="Hangul Jamo Extended-A">Hangul Jamo Extended-A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hangul_Jamo_Extended-B" title="Hangul Jamo Extended-B">Hangul Jamo Extended-B</a> blocks contain initial, medial and final jamo, including obsolete jamo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hanyang_Private_Use_Area_code">Hanyang Private Use Area code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hanyang Private Use Area code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hangul_(word_processor)" title="Hangul (word processor)">Hangul (word processor)</a> shipped with fonts from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanyang_Information_and_Communication&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanyang Information and Communication (page does not exist)">Hanyang Information and Communication</a>, which map obsolete hangul characters with Unicode's <a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Areas" title="Private Use Areas">Private Use Areas</a>. Despite the use of PUAs instead of dedicated <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code points</a>, Hanyang's mapping was the most popular way to represent obsolete hangul in South Korea in 2007. With its Hangul 2010, however, <a href="/wiki/Hancom" title="Hancom">Hancom</a> deprecated Hanyang PUA code and began representing obsolete hangul characters with Unicode hangul jamo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_and_computers" title="Japanese language and computers">Japanese language and computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language_and_computers" title="Vietnamese language and computers">Vietnamese language and computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_CJK_fonts" title="List of CJK fonts">List of CJK fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_input_methods_for_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods for computers">Chinese input methods for computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Korean" title="Yale romanization of Korean">Yale romanization of Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization of Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Korean_Orthography" title="New Korean Orthography">New Korean Orthography</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-qk-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-qk_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://examples.oreilly.com/cjkvinfo/AppL/ksx1001.pdf">"KS X 1001:1992"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KS+X+1001%3A1992&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexamples.oreilly.com%2Fcjkvinfo%2FAppL%2Fksx1001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scienceall.com/%EC%9D%B4%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B5-%ED%83%80%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0/">"이원익 타자기"</a>. <i>scienceall.com</i>. December 7, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scienceall.com&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%B4%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B5+%ED%83%80%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0&rft.date=2012-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceall.com%2F%25EC%259D%25B4%25EC%259B%2590%25EC%259D%25B5-%25ED%2583%2580%25EC%259E%2590%25EA%25B8%25B0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hangeul.go.kr/webzine/201908/sub2_3.html">"정보화 시대 이전, 타자기가 있었다<한글 타자기 전성시대>"</a>. <i>Hangul museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hangul+museum&rft.atitle=%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%ED%99%94+%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80+%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%84%2C+%ED%83%80%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%EA%B0%80+%EC%9E%88%EC%97%88%EB%8B%A4%3C%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80+%ED%83%80%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0+%EC%A0%84%EC%84%B1%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hangeul.go.kr%2Fwebzine%2F201908%2Fsub2_3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80_%ED%83%80%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0#김태호2011" class="extiw" title="ko:한글 타자기">김태호 (2011)</a>, 15쪽.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.hangeul.go.kr/museumCollection/museumCollectionView.do?curr_menu_cd=0106010100&collection_id=%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%B01&lang=ko&seq=30">https://www.hangeul.go.kr/museumCollection/museumCollectionView.do?curr_menu_cd=0106010100&collection_id=%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%B01&lang=ko&seq=30</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80_%ED%83%80%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0#김태호2011" class="extiw" title="ko:한글 타자기">김태호 (2011)</a>, 25쪽.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kidok.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=205561">"[역사특집] 한국교회사에서 건진 근대문화유산들, 등록문화재로 새롭게 지정"</a>. Christian newspaper. February 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5B%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%ED%8A%B9%EC%A7%91%5D+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C%EC%82%AC%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C+%EA%B1%B4%EC%A7%84+%EA%B7%BC%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%B0%EB%93%A4%2C+%EB%93%B1%EB%A1%9D%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC%EB%A1%9C+%EC%83%88%EB%A1%AD%EA%B2%8C+%EC%A7%80%EC%A0%95&rft.pub=Christian+newspaper&rft.date=2020-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kidok.com%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D205561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20141008123200005">"最古 한글타자기, 한글박물관서 본다"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yonhap_News_Agency" title="Yonhap News Agency">Yonhap News Agency</a>. October 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%80%E5%8F%A4+%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80%ED%83%80%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%2C+%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80%EB%B0%95%EB%AC%BC%EA%B4%80%EC%84%9C+%EB%B3%B8%EB%8B%A4&rft.pub=Yonhap+News+Agency&rft.date=2014-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yna.co.kr%2Fview%2FAKR20141008123200005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80_%ED%83%80%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0#김태호2011" class="extiw" title="ko:한글 타자기">김태호 (2011)</a>, 28쪽.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/libhangul/ibus-hangul">"Libhangul/Ibus-hangul"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. May 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Libhangul%2FIbus-hangul&rft.date=2021-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Flibhangul%2Fibus-hangul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF장1989" class="citation book cs1">장, 봉선 (1989). <i>한글풀어쓰기교본</i>. 한풀문화사(Hanpul). p. 84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80%ED%92%80%EC%96%B4%EC%93%B0%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%90%EB%B3%B8&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=%ED%95%9C%ED%92%80%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%82%AC%28Hanpul%29&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=%EC%9E%A5&rft.aufirst=%EB%B4%89%EC%84%A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theme.archives.go.kr//next/hangeulPolicy/mechanization.do">"한글 타자 자판표준화 등 한글 기계화(1969년)"</a>. <i>theme.archives.go.kr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theme.archives.go.kr&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80+%ED%83%80%EC%9E%90+%EC%9E%90%ED%8C%90%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80%ED%99%94+%EB%93%B1+%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80+%EA%B8%B0%EA%B3%84%ED%99%94%281969%EB%85%84%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheme.archives.go.kr%2F%2Fnext%2FhangeulPolicy%2Fmechanization.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qa-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-qa_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qa_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF김2000" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">김, 치관 (December 2, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tongilnews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=2455"><bdi lang="ko">문답으로 보는 북한 정보화의 현주소</bdi></a>. <i>Tongilnews.com</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tongilnews.com&rft.atitle=%EB%AC%B8%EB%8B%B5%EC%9C%BC%EB%A1%9C+%EB%B3%B4%EB%8A%94+%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C+%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98+%ED%98%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%86%8C&rft.date=2000-12-02&rft.aulast=%EA%B9%80&rft.aufirst=%EC%B9%98%EA%B4%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tongilnews.com%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D2455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khs-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-khs_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khs_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khs_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF김2000" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">김, 효석 (December 2, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tongilnews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=2622">"<국회자료집> 북한 S/W 현황과 시연자료"</a>. <i>Tongilnews.com</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tongilnews.com&rft.atitle=%3C%EA%B5%AD%ED%9A%8C%EC%9E%90%EB%A3%8C%EC%A7%91%3E+%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C+S%2FW+%ED%98%84%ED%99%A9%EA%B3%BC+%EC%8B%9C%EC%97%B0%EC%9E%90%EB%A3%8C&rft.date=2000-12-02&rft.aulast=%EA%B9%80&rft.aufirst=%ED%9A%A8%EC%84%9D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tongilnews.com%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D2622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-howfar-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-howfar_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYonhap1998" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Yonhap" class="mw-redirect" title="Yonhap">Yonhap</a> (January 7, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tongilnews.com/article.asp?mainflag=Y&menuid=102000&articleid=2511"><bdi lang="ko">북한의 컴퓨터산업 어디까지 왔나</bdi></a>. <i>Tongilnews.com</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tongilnews.com&rft.atitle=%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%98+%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85+%EC%96%B4%EB%94%94%EA%B9%8C%EC%A7%80+%EC%99%94%EB%82%98&rft.date=1998-01-07&rft.au=Yonhap&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tongilnews.com%2Farticle.asp%3Fmainflag%3DY%26menuid%3D102000%26articleid%3D2511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dgNK100-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dgNK100_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060407/http://www.kplibrary.com/nkterm/read.aspx?num=989">"북한용어사전: 평양정보센터(PIC)"</a> (in Korean). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kplibrary.com/nkterm/read.aspx?num=989">the original</a> on September 28, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84%3A+%ED%8F%89%EC%96%91%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0%28PIC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kplibrary.com%2Fnkterm%2Fread.aspx%3Fnum%3D989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_language_and_computers&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.branah.com/korean">Online Korean Virtual Keyboard</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inputking.com">InputKing Online Input System</a>, an online tool for typing Korean</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1100.pdf">"Jamo in Unicode"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jamo+in+Unicode&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU1100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(186 KB)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAC00.pdf">"Hangul syllables"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hangul+syllables&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FUAC00.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3.86 MB)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmann" class="citation web cs1">Hoffmann, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koreanstudies.com/unicode-converter.html">"Korean Studies: Unicode Converter"</a>. <i>koreanstudies.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=koreanstudies.com&rft.atitle=Korean+Studies%3A+Unicode+Converter&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkoreanstudies.com%2Funicode-converter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+language+and+computers" class="Z3988"></span>, an online tool for converting Korean text into various coding formats and vice versa</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese,_Japanese_and_Korean_computing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CJK_computing" title="Template:CJK computing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CJK_computing" title="Template talk:CJK computing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CJK_computing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CJK computing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese,_Japanese_and_Korean_computing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chinese, Japanese and Korean computing</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Encodings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_character_encoding" title="Chinese character encoding">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-CN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-CN">ISO-2022-CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">HKSCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></li> <li>GB/T 12345</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HZ_(character_encoding)" title="HZ (character encoding)">HZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-165" title="ISO-IR-165">ISO-IR-165</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Character_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange">CCCII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-JP">ISO-2022-JP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_encoding" title="JIS encoding">JIS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift-JIS" class="mw-redirect" title="Shift-JIS">Shift-JIS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Korean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-KR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-KR">ISO-2022-KR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1002" title="KS X 1002">KS X 1002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12052" title="GB 12052">GB 12052</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">EUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Input methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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