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href="#Multi-byte_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Multi-byte characters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-byte_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Code_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Code structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Code_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Code structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Code_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notation_and_nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notation_and_nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Notation and nomenclature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notation_and_nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fixed_coded_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fixed_coded_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Fixed coded characters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fixed_coded_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_syntax_of_escape_sequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_syntax_of_escape_sequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 General syntax of escape sequences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_syntax_of_escape_sequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graphical_character_sets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graphical_character_sets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Graphical character sets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graphical_character_sets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combining_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combining_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Combining characters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combining_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Control_character_sets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control_character_sets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Control character sets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Control_character_sets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_control_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_control_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Other control functions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_control_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shift_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shift_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Shift functions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shift_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Registration_of_graphical_and_control_code_sets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registration_of_graphical_and_control_code_sets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Registration of graphical and control code sets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registration_of_graphical_and_control_code_sets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Character_set_designations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character_set_designations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Character set designations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Character_set_designations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interaction_with_other_coding_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interaction_with_other_coding_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Interaction with other coding systems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interaction_with_other_coding_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Code_structure_announcements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code_structure_announcements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 Code structure announcements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Code_structure_announcements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISO/IEC_2022_code_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISO/IEC_2022_code_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 ISO/IEC 2022 code versions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ISO/IEC_2022_code_versions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle ISO/IEC 2022 code versions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-ISO/IEC_2022_code_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanese_e-mail_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_e-mail_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Japanese e-mail versions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_e-mail_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ISO-2022-JP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISO-2022-JP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 ISO-2022-JP </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISO-2022-JP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versions_with_halfwidth_katakana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions_with_halfwidth_katakana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Versions with halfwidth katakana </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versions_with_halfwidth_katakana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISO-2022-JP-2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISO-2022-JP-2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.3 ISO-2022-JP-2 </div> </a> 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href="#ISO/IEC_4873"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 ISO/IEC 4873 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISO/IEC_4873-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extended_Unix_Code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extended_Unix_Code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Extended Unix Code </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extended_Unix_Code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compound_Text_(X11)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compound_Text_(X11)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Compound Text (X11) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compound_Text_(X11)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_other_encodings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_other_encodings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Comparison with other encodings </div> </a> <button 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Registered_code_sets_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registered_code_sets_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Registered code sets cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registered_code_sets_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_Requests_For_Comment_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Requests_For_Comment_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Internet Requests For Comment cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Requests_For_Comment_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_published_works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_published_works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Other published works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_published_works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO-2022-JP&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-JP">ISO-2022-JP</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Higher-level 7-bit and 8-bit character encoding system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/ISO_20022" title="ISO 20022">ISO 20022</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">ISO 2022</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Various.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Standard</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1">ISO/IEC</a> 2022</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>-35</li><li><a href="/wiki/ANSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI">ANSI</a> X3.41</li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Industrial_Standards" title="Japanese Industrial Standards">JIS</a> X 0202</li><li><a href="/wiki/Guobiao" class="mw-redirect" title="Guobiao">GB/T</a> 2311</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_(computer_science)" title="State (computer science)">Stateful</a> system of <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">encodings</a> (with stateless pre-configured subsets)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transforms / Encodes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/US-ASCII" class="mw-redirect" title="US-ASCII">US-ASCII</a> and, depending on implementation: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a> / <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10367" title="ISO/IEC 10367">10367</a></li><li>various others</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 10646">ISO/IEC 10646</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other related encoding(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Stateful subsets: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-JP">ISO-2022-JP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-CN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-CN">ISO-2022-CN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-KR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-KR">ISO-2022-KR</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Compound_Text" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound Text">Compound Text</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> Pre-configured versions: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4873" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 4873">ISO/IEC 4873</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">EUC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template talk:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> ISO/IEC 2022 Information technology—Character code structure and extension techniques, is an <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> standard in the field of <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a>. It is equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> standard ECMA-35,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> the <a href="/wiki/ANSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI">ANSI</a> standard ANSI X3.41<a href="#cite_note-marc-escs-3">[3]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Industrial_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Industrial Standard">Japanese Industrial Standard</a> JIS X 0202. Originating in 1971, it was most recently revised in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> ISO 2022 specifies a general structure which character encodings can conform to, dedicating particular ranges of bytes (<a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">0x</a>00–1F and 0x7F–9F) to be used for non-printing <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">control codes</a><a href="#cite_note-8.1-5">[5]</a> for formatting and <a href="/wiki/In-band" class="mw-redirect" title="In-band">in-band</a> instructions (such as <a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">line breaks</a> or formatting instructions for <a href="/wiki/Text_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Text terminal">text terminals</a>), rather than <a href="/wiki/Graphic_character" title="Graphic character">graphical characters</a>. It also specifies a syntax for escape sequences, multiple-byte sequences beginning with the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936282034">.mw-parser-output .control-code-link-internal{border-bottom:1px dashed #86a1ff}.mw-parser-output .control-code-link-internal a{color:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#ESC" title="C0 and C1 control codes">ESC</a> control code, which can likewise be used for in-band instructions.<a href="#cite_note-ch13-6">[6]</a> Specific sets of control codes and escape sequences designed to be used with ISO 2022 include <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6429" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 6429">ISO/IEC 6429</a>, portions of which are implemented by <a href="/wiki/ANSI.SYS" title="ANSI.SYS">ANSI.SYS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">terminal emulators</a>. ISO 2022 itself also defines particular control codes and escape sequences which can be used for switching between different <a href="/wiki/Coded_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Coded character set">coded character sets</a> (for example, between <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> and the Japanese <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a>) so as to use multiple in a single document,<a href="#cite_note-ch12_14-7">[7]</a> effectively combining them into a single <a href="/wiki/State_(computer_science)" title="State (computer science)">stateful</a> encoding (a feature less important since the advent of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>). It is designed to be usable in both 8-bit environments and 7-bit environments (those where only seven bits are usable in a byte, such as <a href="/wiki/E-mail" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mail">e-mail</a> without <a href="/wiki/8BITMIME" class="mw-redirect" title="8BITMIME">8BITMIME</a>).<a href="#cite_note-ch11-8">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Encodings_and_conformance">Encodings and conformance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Encodings and conformance">edit</a>]</div> The ASCII character set supports the <a href="/wiki/ISO_Basic_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO Basic Latin alphabet">ISO Basic Latin alphabet</a> (equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">English alphabet</a>), and does not provide good support for languages which use additional letters, or which use a different <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a> altogether. Other writing systems with relatively few characters, such as <a href="/wiki/Greek_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek script">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a>, as well as forms of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> using <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a> or letters absent from the ISO Basic Latin alphabet, have historically been represented on <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a> with different 8-<a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bit</a>, <a href="/wiki/SBCS" title="SBCS">single byte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extended_ASCII" title="Extended ASCII">extended ASCII</a> encodings, which follow ASCII when the <a href="/wiki/Most_significant_bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Most significant bit">most significant bit</a> is 0 (i.e. bytes 0x00–7F, when represented in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a>), and include additional characters for a most significant bit of 1 (i.e. bytes 0x80–FF). Some of these, such as the <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859">ISO 8859</a> series, conform to ISO 2022,<a href="#cite_note-8859-10-s1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-ecma-144-s1-10">[10]</a> while others such as <a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">DOS code page 437</a> do not, usually due to not reserving the bytes 0x80–9F for control codes. Certain <a href="/wiki/East_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian">East Asian</a> languages, specifically <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> (collectively "<a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK</a>"), are written using far more characters than the maximum of 256 which can be represented in a single byte, and were first represented on computers with language-specific <a href="/wiki/Double-byte_character_set" title="Double-byte character set">double-byte encodings</a> or <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-width encodings</a>; some of these (such as the <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified Chinese">Simplified Chinese</a> encoding <a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a>) conform to ISO 2022, while others (such as the <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese">Traditional Chinese</a> encoding <a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a>) do not. Control codes in ISO 2022 are always represented with a single byte, regardless of the number of bytes used for graphical characters. CJK encodings used in 7-bit environments which use ISO 2022 mechanisms to switch between character sets are often given names starting with "ISO-2022-", most notably <a href="#ISO-2022-JP">ISO-2022-JP</a>, although some other CJK encodings such as <a href="/wiki/EUC-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-JP">EUC-JP</a> also make use of ISO 2022 mechanisms.<a href="#cite_note-lundeeuc-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-lundeeucvs-12">[12]</a> Since the first 256 <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code points</a> of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> were taken from <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-1">ISO 8859-1</a>, Unicode inherits the concept of <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a> from ISO 2022, although it adds <a href="/wiki/Unicode_control_characters" title="Unicode control characters">other non-printing characters</a> besides the ISO 2022 control codes. However, <a href="/wiki/Unicode_transformation_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode transformation format">Unicode transformation formats</a> such as <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> generally deviate from the ISO 2022 structure in various ways, including: <ul><li>Using 8-bit bytes, but not representing the C1 codes in their single-byte forms specified in ISO 2022 (most UTFs, one exception being the obsolete <a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a>)</li> <li>Representing all characters, including control codes, with multiple bytes (e.g. <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a>, <a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32</a>)</li> <li>Mixing bytes with the <a href="/wiki/Most_significant_bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Most significant bit">most significant bit</a> set and unset within the coded representation for a single code point (e.g. UTF-1, <a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a>)</li></ul> ISO 2022 escape sequences do, however, exist for switching to and from UTF-8 as a "<a href="#Interaction_with_other_coding_systems">coding system different from that of ISO 2022</a>",<a href="#cite_note-iso-ir-196-13">[13]</a> which are supported by certain <a href="/wiki/Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">terminal emulators</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Xterm" title="Xterm">xterm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-xtctrlesc-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elements">Elements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Elements">edit</a>]</div> ISO/IEC 2022 specifies the following: <ul><li>An infrastructure of multiple character sets with particular structures which may be included in a single <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a> system, including multiple graphical character sets and multiple sets of both <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">primary (C0) and secondary (C1) control codes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li> <li>A format for encoding these sets, assuming that 8 bits are available per byte,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li>A format for encoding these sets in the same encoding system when only 7 bits are available per byte,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> and a method for transforming any conformant character data to pass through such a 7-bit environment,<a href="#cite_note-ch11-8">[8]</a></li> <li>The general structure of <a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI escape codes">ANSI escape codes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ch13-6">[6]</a> and</li> <li>Specific escape code formats for identifying individual character sets,<a href="#cite_note-ch12_14-7">[7]</a> for announcing the use of particular encoding features or subsets,<a href="#cite_note-ch15-18">[18]</a> and for interacting with or switching to other encoding systems.<a href="#cite_note-ch15-18">[18]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Code_versions">Code versions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Code versions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="#ISO/IEC_2022_code_versions">§ ISO/IEC 2022 code versions</a></div> A specific implementation does not have to implement all of the standard; the conformance level and the supported character sets are defined by the implementation. Although many of the mechanisms defined by the ISO/IEC 2022 standard are infrequently used, several established encodings are based on a subset of the ISO/IEC 2022 system.<a href="#cite_note-lunde2022-19">[19]</a> In particular, 7-bit encoding systems using ISO/IEC 2022 mechanisms include <a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-JP">ISO-2022-JP</a> (or <a href="/wiki/JIS_encoding" title="JIS encoding">JIS encoding</a>), which has primarily been used in Japanese-language <a href="/wiki/E-mail" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mail">e-mail</a>. 8-bit encoding systems conforming to ISO/IEC 2022 include <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4873" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 4873">ISO/IEC 4873</a> (ECMA-43), which is in turn conformed to by <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8859-10-s1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-ecma-144-s1-10">[10]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code</a>, which is used for <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> languages.<a href="#cite_note-lundeeuc-11">[11]</a> More specialised applications of ISO 2022 include the <a href="/wiki/MARC-8" title="MARC-8">MARC-8</a> encoding system used in <a href="/wiki/MARC_21" class="mw-redirect" title="MARC 21">MARC 21</a> library records.<a href="#cite_note-marc-escs-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Designation_escape_sequences">Designation escape sequences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Designation escape sequences">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="#Registration_of_graphical_and_control_code_sets">§ Registration of graphical and control code sets</a>, and <a href="#Character_set_designations">§ Character set designations</a></div> The escape sequences for switching to particular character sets or encodings are registered with the <a href="#ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a> registry (except for those set apart for private use, the meanings of which are defined by vendors, or by protocol specifications such as <a href="/wiki/ARIB_STD_B24_character_set" title="ARIB STD B24 character set">ARIB STD-B24</a>) and follow the patterns defined within the standard. Character encodings making use of these escape sequences require data to be processed sequentially in a forward direction, since the correct interpretation of the data depends on previously encountered escape sequences. Specific profiles such as ISO-2022-JP may impose extra conditions, such as that the current character set is reset to US-ASCII before the end of a line. Furthermore, the escape sequences declaring the national character sets may be absent if a specific ISO-2022-based encoding permits or requires this, and dictates that particular national character sets are to be used. For example, ISO-8859-1 states that no defining escape sequence is needed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multi-byte_characters">Multi-byte characters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Multi-byte characters">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208#Code_points_and_code_numbers" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208 § Code points and code numbers</a></div> To represent large character sets, ISO/IEC 2022 builds on <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a>'s property that a seven-bit character representation will normally be able to represent 94 graphic (printable) characters (in addition to space and 33 control characters); if only the C0 control codes (narrowly defined) are excluded, this can be expanded to 96 characters. Using two bytes, it is thus possible to represent up to 8,836 (94×94) characters; and, using three bytes, up to 830,584 (94×94×94) characters. Though the standard defines it, no registered character set uses three bytes (although <a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code#EUC-TW" title="Extended Unix Code">EUC-TW</a>'s unregistered G2 does, as does the similarly unregistered <a href="/wiki/CCCII" class="mw-redirect" title="CCCII">CCCII</a>). For the two-byte character sets, the <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code point</a> of each character is normally specified in so-called row-cell or <a href="/wiki/Kuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuten">kuten</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[a]</a> form, which comprises two numbers between 1 and 94 inclusive, specifying a row<a href="#cite_note-21">[b]</a> and cell<a href="#cite_note-22">[c]</a> of that character within the zone. For a three-byte set, an additional plane<a href="#cite_note-23">[d]</a> number is included at the beginning.<a href="#cite_note-lundekuten-24">[20]</a> The escape sequences do not only declare which character set is being used, but also whether the set is single-byte or multi-byte (although not how many bytes it uses if it is multi-byte), and also whether each byte has 94 or 96 permitted values. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Code_structure">Code structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Code structure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notation_and_nomenclature">Notation and nomenclature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notation and nomenclature">edit</a>]</div> ISO/IEC 2022 coding specifies a two-layer mapping between character codes and displayed characters. <a href="/wiki/Escape_sequence" title="Escape sequence">Escape sequences</a> allow any of a large registry of graphic character sets to be "designated"<a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a> into one of four working sets, named G0 through G3, and shorter control sequences specify the working set that is "invoked"<a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a> to interpret bytes in the stream. Encoding byte values ("bit combinations") are often given in <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208#Single_byte_codes" title="JIS X 0208">column-line notation</a>, where two decimal numbers in the range 00–15 (each corresponding to a single hexadecimal digit) are separated by a slash.<a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a> Hence, for instance, codes 2/0 (0x20) through 2/15 (0x2F) inclusive may be referred to as "column 02". This is the notation used in the ISO/IEC 2022 / ECMA-35 standard itself.<a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a> They may be described elsewhere using <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a>, as is often used in this article, or using the corresponding ASCII characters,<a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a> although the escape sequences are actually defined in terms of byte values, and the graphic assigned to that byte value may be altered without affecting the control sequence. Byte values from the 7-bit ASCII graphic range (hexadecimal 0x20–0x7F), being on the left side of a character code table, are referred to as "GL" codes (with "GL" standing for "graphics left") while bytes from the "high ASCII" range (0xA0–0xFF), if available (i.e. in an 8-bit environment), are referred to as the "GR" codes ("graphics right").<a href="#cite_note-8.1-5">[5]</a> The terms "CL" (0x00–0x1F) and "CR" (0x80–0x9F) are defined for the control ranges, but the CL range always invokes the primary (C0) controls, whereas the CR range always either invokes the secondary (C1) controls or is unused.<a href="#cite_note-8.1-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fixed_coded_characters">Fixed coded characters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fixed coded characters">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Delete_character" title="Delete character">delete character</a> DEL (0x7F), the <a href="/wiki/Escape_character" title="Escape character">escape character</a> ESC (0x1B) and the <a href="/wiki/Space_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Space character">space character</a> SP (0x20) are designated "fixed" coded characters<a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> and are always available when G0 is invoked over GL, irrespective of what character sets are designated. They may not be included in graphical character sets, although other sizes or types of <a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">whitespace character</a> may be.<a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_syntax_of_escape_sequences">General syntax of escape sequences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: General syntax of escape sequences">edit</a>]</div> Sequences using the ESC (escape) character take the form <code>ESC [<var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var>...] <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code>, where the ESC character is followed by zero or more intermediate bytes<a href="#cite_note-32">[28]</a> (<var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var>) from the range 0x20–0x2F, and one final byte<a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> (<var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var>) from the range 0x30–0x7E.<a href="#cite_note-13.1-34">[30]</a> The first <var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var> byte, or absence thereof, determines the type of escape sequence; it might, for instance, designate a working set, or denote a single control function. In all types of escape sequences, <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> bytes in the range 0x30–0x3F are reserved for unregistered private uses defined by prior agreement between parties.<a href="#cite_note-13.3.3-35">[31]</a> Control functions from some sets may make use of further bytes following the escape sequence proper. For example, the <a href="/wiki/ISO_6429" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 6429">ISO 6429</a> control function "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_sequence#CSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI escape sequence">Control Sequence Introducer</a>", which can be represented using an escape sequence, is followed by zero or more bytes in the range 0x30–0x3F, then zero or more bytes in the range 0x20–0x2F, then by a single byte in the range 0x40–0x7E, the entire sequence being called a "control sequence".<a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graphical_character_sets">Graphical character sets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Graphical character sets">edit</a>]</div> Each of the four working sets G0 through G3 may be a 94-character set or a 94n-character <a href="/wiki/Multi_Byte_Character_Set" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi Byte Character Set">multi-byte set</a>. Additionally, G1 through G3 may be a 96- or 96n-character set. In a 96- or 96n-character set, the bytes 0x20 through 0x7F when GL-invoked, or 0xA0 through 0xFF when GR-invoked, are allocated to and may be used by the set. In a 94- or 94n-character set, the bytes 0x20 and 0x7F are not used.<a href="#cite_note-6.4.3-37">[33]</a> When a 96- or 96n-character set is invoked in the GL region, the space and delete characters (codes 0x20 and 0x7F) are not available until a 94- or 94n-character set (such as the G0 set) is invoked in GL.<a href="#cite_note-8.1-5">[5]</a> 96-character sets cannot be designated to G0. Registration of a set as a 96-character set does not necessarily mean that the 0x20/A0 and 0x7F/FF bytes are actually assigned by the set; some examples of graphical character sets which are registered as 96-sets but do not use those bytes include the G1 set of <a href="/wiki/I.S._434" class="mw-redirect" title="I.S. 434">I.S. 434</a>,<a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> the box drawing set from <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10367" title="ISO/IEC 10367">ISO/IEC 10367</a>,<a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a> and ISO-IR-164 (a subset of the G1 set of <a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-8859-8">ISO-8859-8</a> with only the letters, used by <a href="/wiki/CCITT" class="mw-redirect" title="CCITT">CCITT</a>).<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combining_characters">Combining characters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Combining characters">edit</a>]</div> Characters are expected to be spacing characters, not combining characters, unless specified otherwise by the graphical set in question.<a href="#cite_note-6.3.3-41">[37]</a> ISO 2022 / ECMA-35 also recognizes the use of the <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#BS" title="C0 and C1 control codes">backspace</a> and carriage return control characters as means of combining otherwise spacing characters, as well as the <a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#CSIsection" title="ANSI escape code">CSI sequence</a> "Graphic Character Combination" (GCC)<a href="#cite_note-6.3.3-41">[37]</a> (<code>CSI 0x20 (SP) 0x5F (_)</code>).<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> Use of the backspace and carriage return in this manner is permitted by <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a> but prohibited by <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4873" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 4873">ISO/IEC 4873</a> / ECMA-43<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> and by <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8859-10-s6-44">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-ecma-144-s6-45">[41]</a> on the basis that it leaves the graphical character repertoire undefined. ISO/IEC 4873 / ECMA-43 does, however, permit the use of the GCC function provided that the sequence of characters is kept the same and merely displayed in one space, rather than being over-stamped to form a character with a different meaning.<a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Control_character_sets">Control character sets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Control character sets">edit</a>]</div> Control character sets are classified as "primary" or "secondary" control code sets,<a href="#cite_note-6.4.1-47">[43]</a> respectively also called "C0" and "C1" control code sets.<a href="#cite_note-6.4.4-48">[44]</a> A C0 control set must contain the ESC (escape) control character at 0x1B<a href="#cite_note-6.4.2-49">[45]</a> (a C0 set containing only ESC is registered as ISO-IR-104),<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> whereas a C1 control set may not contain the escape control whatsoever.<a href="#cite_note-6.4.3-37">[33]</a> Hence, they are entirely separate registrations, with a C0 set being only a C0 set and a C1 set being only a C1 set.<a href="#cite_note-6.4.4-48">[44]</a> If codes from the C0 set of ISO 6429 / ECMA-48, i.e. the <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#C0_controls" title="C0 and C1 control codes">ASCII control codes</a>, appear in the C0 set, they are required to appear at their ISO 6429 / ECMA-48 locations.<a href="#cite_note-6.4.2-49">[45]</a> Inclusion of transmission control characters in the C0 set, besides the ten included by ISO 6429 / ECMA-48 (namely SOH, STX, ETX, EOT, ENQ, ACK, DLE, NAK, SYN and ETB),<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> or inclusion of any of those ten in the C1 set, is also prohibited by the ISO/IEC 2022 / ECMA-35 standard.<a href="#cite_note-6.4.2-49">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-6.4.3-37">[33]</a> A C0 control set is invoked over the CL range 0x00 through 0x1F,<a href="#cite_note-8.5.1-52">[48]</a> whereas a C1 control function may be invoked over the CR range 0x80 through 0x9F (in an 8-bit environment) or by using escape sequences (in a 7-bit or 8-bit environment),<a href="#cite_note-6.4.1-47">[43]</a> but not both. Which style of C1 invocation is used must be specified in the definition of the code version.<a href="#cite_note-8.5.2-53">[49]</a> For example, ISO/IEC 4873 specifies CR bytes for the C1 controls which it uses (SS2 and SS3).<a href="#cite_note-ecma-43-7.6-54">[50]</a> If necessary, which invocation is used may be communicated using <a href="#Code_structure_announcements">announcer sequences</a>. In the latter case, single control functions from the C1 control code set are invoked using "type Fe" escape sequences,<a href="#cite_note-6.4.3-37">[33]</a> meaning those where the ESC control character is followed by a byte from columns 04 or 05 (that is to say, <code>ESC 0x40 (@)</code> through <code>ESC 0x5F (_)</code>).<a href="#cite_note-13.12.1-55">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_control_functions">Other control functions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other control functions">edit</a>]</div> Additional control functions are assigned to "type Fs" escape sequences (in the range <code>ESC 0x60 (`)</code> through <code>ESC 0x7E (~)</code>); these have permanently assigned meanings rather than depending on the C0 or C1 designations.<a href="#cite_note-13.12.1-55">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-6.5.1-56">[52]</a> Registration of control functions to type "Fs" sequences must be approved by <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6.5.1-56">[52]</a> Other single control functions may be registered to type "3Ft" escape sequences (in the range <code>ESC 0x23 (#) [<var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var>...] 0x40 (@)</code> through <code>ESC 0x23 (#) [<var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var>...] 0x7E (~)</code>),<a href="#cite_note-6.5.2-57">[53]</a> although no "3Ft" sequences are currently assigned (as of 2019).<a href="#cite_note-irfixctrl-58">[54]</a> Some of these are specified in ECMA-35 (ISO 2022 / ANSI X3.41), others in ECMA-48 (ISO 6429 / ANSI X3.64).<a href="#cite_note-6.5.4-59">[55]</a> ECMA-48 refers to these as "independent control functions".<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code</th> <th>Hex</th> <th>Abbr.</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Effect<a href="#cite_note-irfixctrl-58">[54]</a> </th></tr> <tr id="DMI"> <td><code>ESC `</code></td> <td><code>1B 60</code></td> <td>DMI</td> <td>Disable manual input</td> <td>Disables some or all of the manual input facilities of the device. </td></tr> <tr id="INT"> <td><code>ESC a</code></td> <td><code>1B 61</code></td> <td>INT</td> <td>Interrupt</td> <td>Interrupts the current process. </td></tr> <tr id="EMI"> <td><code>ESC b</code></td> <td><code>1B 62</code></td> <td>EMI</td> <td>Enable manual input</td> <td>Enables the manual input facilities of the device. </td></tr> <tr id="RIS"> <td><code>ESC c</code></td> <td><code>1B 63</code></td> <td>RIS</td> <td>Reset to initial state</td> <td>Resets the device to its state after being powered on.<a href="#cite_note-ris-61">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC d</code></td> <td><code>1B 64</code></td> <td>CMD</td> <td>Coding method delimiter</td> <td>Used when interacting with an outer coding / representation system, <a href="#Interaction_with_other_coding_systems">see below.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC n</code></td> <td><code>1B 6E</code></td> <td>LS2</td> <td>Locking shift two</td> <td>Shift function, <a href="#Shift_functions">see below.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC o</code></td> <td><code>1B 6F</code></td> <td>LS3</td> <td>Locking shift three</td> <td>Shift function, <a href="#Shift_functions">see below.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC |</code></td> <td><code>1B 7C</code></td> <td>LS3R</td> <td>Locking shift three right</td> <td>Shift function, <a href="#Shift_functions">see below.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC }</code></td> <td><code>1B 7D</code></td> <td>LS2R</td> <td>Locking shift two right</td> <td>Shift function, <a href="#Shift_functions">see below.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC ~</code></td> <td><code>1B 7E</code></td> <td>LS1R</td> <td>Locking shift one right</td> <td>Shift function, <a href="#Shift_functions">see below.</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Escape sequences of type "Fp" (<code>ESC 0x30 (0)</code> through <code>ESC 0x3F (?)</code>) or of type "3Fp" (<code>ESC 0x23 (#) [<var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var>...] 0x30 (0)</code> through <code>ESC 0x23 (#) [<var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var>...] 0x3F (?)</code>) are reserved for single private use control codes, by prior agreement between parties.<a href="#cite_note-6.5.3-62">[58]</a> Several such sequences of both types are used by <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> terminals such as the <a href="/wiki/VT100" title="VT100">VT100</a>, and are thus supported by <a href="/wiki/Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">terminal emulators</a>.<a href="#cite_note-xtctrlesc-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shift_functions">Shift functions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Shift functions">edit</a>]</div> By default, GL codes specify G0 characters and GR codes (where available) specify G1 characters; this may be otherwise specified by prior agreement. The set invoked over each area may also be modified with control codes referred to as shifts, as shown in the table below.<a href="#cite_note-table2-63">[59]</a> An 8-bit code may have GR codes specifying G1 characters, i.e. with its corresponding 7-bit code using <a href="/wiki/Shift_In" class="mw-redirect" title="Shift In">Shift In</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shift_Out" class="mw-redirect" title="Shift Out">Shift Out</a> to switch between the sets (e.g. <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a>),<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> although some instead have GR codes specifying G2 characters, with the corresponding 7-bit code using a single-shift code to access the second set (e.g. <a href="/wiki/ITU_T.51" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU T.51">T.51</a>).<a href="#cite_note-T.51-amd1995-65">[61]</a> The codes shown in the table below are the most common encodings of these control codes, conforming to <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#C1_controls" title="C0 and C1 control codes">ISO/IEC 6429</a>. The LS2, LS3, LS1R, LS2R and LS3R shifts are registered as single control functions and are always encoded as the escape sequences listed below,<a href="#cite_note-irfixctrl-58">[54]</a> whereas the others are part of a C0 or C1 control code set (as shown below, SI (LS0) and SO (LS1) are C0 controls and SS2 and SS3 are C1 controls), meaning that their coding and availability may vary depending on which control sets are designated: they must be present in the designated control sets if their functionality is used.<a href="#cite_note-8.5.1-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-8.5.2-53">[49]</a> The C1 controls themselves, as mentioned above, may be represented using escape sequences or 8-bit bytes, but not both. Alternative encodings of the single-shifts as C0 control codes are available in certain control code sets. For example, SS2 and SS3 are usually available at 0x19 and 0x1D respectively in <a href="/wiki/ITU_T.51" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU T.51">T.51</a><a href="#cite_note-T.51-amd1995-65">[61]</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITU_T.61" title="ITU T.61">T.61</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reg106-66">[62]</a> This coding is currently recommended by ISO/IEC 2022 / ECMA-35 for applications requiring 7-bit single-byte representations of SS2 and SS3,<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> and may also be used for SS2 only,<a href="#cite_note-reg140-68">[64]</a> although older code sets with SS2 at 0x1C also exist,<a href="#cite_note-reg7-69">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-reg26-70">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-reg36-71">[67]</a> and were mentioned as such in an earlier edition of the standard.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> The 0x8E and 0x8F coding of the single shifts as shown below is mandatory for <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4873" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 4873">ISO/IEC 4873</a> levels 2 and 3.<a href="#cite_note-harvp|ISO-IR-105|1985-73">[69]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code</th> <th>Hex</th> <th>Abbr.</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Effect </th></tr> <tr id="SI"> <td><code>SI</code></td> <td><code>0F</code></td> <td>SI LS0</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shift_In" class="mw-redirect" title="Shift In">Shift In</a> Locking shift zero</td> <td>GL encodes G0 from now on<a href="#cite_note-8.3.1-74">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-9.3.1-75">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr id="SO"> <td><code>SO</code></td> <td><code>0E</code></td> <td>SO LS1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shift_Out" class="mw-redirect" title="Shift Out">Shift Out</a> Locking shift one</td> <td>GL encodes G1 from now on<a href="#cite_note-8.3.1-74">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-9.3.1-75">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr id="LS2"> <td><code>ESC n</code></td> <td><code>1B 6E</code></td> <td>LS2</td> <td>Locking shift two</td> <td>GL encodes G2 from now on<a href="#cite_note-8.3.1-74">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-9.3.1-75">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr id="LS3"> <td><code>ESC o</code></td> <td><code>1B 6F</code></td> <td>LS3</td> <td>Locking shift three</td> <td>GL encodes G3 from now on<a href="#cite_note-8.3.1-74">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-9.3.1-75">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr id="SS2"> <td>CR area: <code>SS2</code> Escape code: <code>ESC N</code></td> <td>CR area: <code>8E</code> Escape code: <code>1B 4E</code></td> <td>SS2</td> <td>Single shift two</td> <td>GL or GR (see below) encodes G2 for the immediately following character only<a href="#cite_note-8.4-76">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr id="SS3"> <td>CR area: <code>SS3</code> Escape code: <code>ESC O</code></td> <td>CR area: <code>8F</code> Escape code: <code>1B 4F</code></td> <td>SS3</td> <td>Single shift three</td> <td>GL or GR (see below) encodes G3 for the immediately following character only<a href="#cite_note-8.4-76">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr id="LS1R"> <td><code>ESC ~</code></td> <td><code>1B 7E</code></td> <td>LS1R</td> <td>Locking shift one right</td> <td>GR encodes G1 from now on<a href="#cite_note-8.3.2-77">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr id="LS2R"> <td><code>ESC }</code></td> <td><code>1B 7D</code></td> <td>LS2R</td> <td>Locking shift two right</td> <td>GR encodes G2 from now on<a href="#cite_note-8.3.2-77">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr id="LS3R"> <td><code>ESC |</code></td> <td><code>1B 7C</code></td> <td>LS3R</td> <td>Locking shift three right</td> <td>GR encodes G3 from now on<a href="#cite_note-8.3.2-77">[73]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Although officially considered shift codes and named accordingly, single-shift codes are not always viewed as shifts,<a href="#cite_note-lundeeucvs-12">[12]</a> and they may simply be viewed as prefix bytes (i.e. the first bytes in a multi-byte sequence),<a href="#cite_note-lundeeuc-11">[11]</a> since they do not require the encoder to keep the currently active set as <a href="/wiki/State_(computer_science)" title="State (computer science)">state</a>, unlike locking shift codes. In 8-bit environments, either GL or GR, but not both, may be used as the single-shift area. This must be specified in the definition of the code version.<a href="#cite_note-8.4-76">[72]</a> For instance, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4873" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 4873">ISO/IEC 4873</a> specifies GL, whereas <a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">packed EUC</a> specifies GR. In 7-bit environments, only GL is used as the single-shift area.<a href="#cite_note-9.4-78">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-11.1-79">[75]</a> If necessary, which single-shift area is used may be communicated using <a href="#Code_structure_announcements">announcer sequences</a>. The names "locking shift zero" (LS0) and "locking shift one" (LS1) refer to the same pair of C0 control characters (0x0F and 0x0E) as the names "shift in" (SI) and "shift out" (SO). However, the standard refers to them as LS0 and LS1 when they are used in 8-bit environments and as SI and SO when they are used in 7-bit environments.<a href="#cite_note-table2-63">[59]</a> The ISO/IEC 2022 / ECMA-35 standard permits, but discourages, invoking G1, G2 or G3 in both GL and GR simultaneously.<a href="#cite_note-8.3.3-80">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Registration_of_graphical_and_control_code_sets">Registration of graphical and control code sets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Registration of graphical and control code sets">edit</a>]</div> The ISO International register of coded character sets to be used with escape sequences (ISO-IR) lists graphical character sets, control code sets, single control codes and so forth which have been registered for use with ISO/IEC 2022. The procedure for registering codes and sets with the ISO-IR registry is specified by ISO/IEC 2375. Each registration receives a unique escape sequence, and a unique registry entry number to identify it.<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-irintro-82">[78]</a> For example, the <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">CCITT</a> character set for <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified Chinese">Simplified Chinese</a> is known as <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-165" title="ISO-IR-165">ISO-IR-165</a>. Registration of coded character sets with the ISO-IR registry identifies the documents specifying the character set or control function associated with an ISO/IEC 2022 non‑private-use escape sequence. This may be a standard document; however, registration does not create a new ISO standard, does not commit the ISO or IEC to adopt it as an international standard, and does not commit the ISO or IEC to add any of its characters to the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">Universal Coded Character Set</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> ISO-IR registered escape sequences are also used encapsulated in a <a href="/wiki/Formal_Public_Identifier" title="Formal Public Identifier">Formal Public Identifier</a> to identify character sets used for numeric character references in <a href="/wiki/SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a> (ISO 8879). For example, the string <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ISO 646-1983//CHARSET International Reference Version (IRV)//ESC 2/5 4/0</code> can be used to identify the International Reference Version of <a href="/wiki/ISO_646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 646">ISO 646</a>-1983,<a href="#cite_note-sp-84">[80]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> 4.01 specification uses <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ISO Registration Number 177//CHARSET ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993 UCS-4 with implementation level 3//ESC 2/5 2/15 4/6</code> to identify Unicode.<a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> The textual representation of the escape sequence, included in the third element of the FPI, will be recognised by SGML implementations for supported character sets.<a href="#cite_note-sp-84">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Character_set_designations">Character set designations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Character set designations">edit</a>]</div> Escape sequences to designate character sets take the form <code>ESC <var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var> [<var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var>...] <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code>. As mentioned above, the intermediate (<var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var>) bytes are from the range 0x20–0x2F, and the final (<var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var>) byte is from the range 0x30–0x7E. The first <var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var> byte (or, for a multi-byte set, the first two) identifies the type of character set and the working set it is to be designated to, whereas the <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> byte (and any additional <var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var> bytes) identify the character set itself, as assigned in the ISO-IR register (or, for the private-use escape sequences, by prior agreement). Additional <var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var> bytes may be added before the <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> byte to extend the <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> byte range. This is currently only used with 94-character sets, where codes of the form <code>ESC ( ! <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code> have been assigned.<a href="#cite_note-irsecond94-86">[82]</a> At the other extreme, no multibyte 96-sets have been registered, so the sequences below are strictly theoretical. As with other escape sequence types, the range 0x30–0x3F is reserved for private-use <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> bytes,<a href="#cite_note-13.3.3-35">[31]</a> in this case for private-use character set definitions (which might include unregistered sets defined by protocols such as <a href="/wiki/ARIB_STD_B24_character_set#Sets_and_codes" title="ARIB STD B24 character set">ARIB STD-B24</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> or <a href="/wiki/MARC-8" title="MARC-8">MARC-8</a>,<a href="#cite_note-marc-escs-3">[3]</a> or vendor-specific sets such as <a href="/wiki/DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">DEC Special Graphics</a>).<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> However, in a graphical set designation sequence, if the second <var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var> byte (for a single-byte set) or the third <var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var> byte (for a double-byte set) is 0x20 (space), the set denoted is a "<a href="/wiki/Dynamically_Redefined_Character_Set" title="Dynamically Redefined Character Set">dynamically redefinable character set</a>" (DRCS) defined by prior agreement,<a href="#cite_note-14.4-89">[85]</a> which is also considered private use.<a href="#cite_note-13.3.3-35">[31]</a> A graphical set being considered a DRCS implies that it represents a font of exact glyphs, rather than a set of abstract characters.<a href="#cite_note-note48-90">[86]</a> The manner in which DRCS sets and associated fonts are transmitted, allocated and managed is not stipulated by ISO/IEC 2022 / ECMA-35 itself, although it recommends allocating them sequentially starting with <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> byte 0x40 (<code>@</code>);<a href="#cite_note-note47-91">[87]</a> however, a manner for transmitting DRCS fonts is defined within some telecommunication protocols such as <a href="/wiki/World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">World System Teletext</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> There are also three special cases for multi-byte codes. The code sequences <code>ESC $ @</code>, <code>ESC $ A</code>, and <code>ESC $ B</code> were all registered when the contemporary version of the standard allowed multi-byte sets only in G0, so must be accepted in place of the sequences <code>ESC $ ( @</code> through <code>ESC $ ( B</code> to designate to the G0 character set.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a> There are additional (rarely used) features for switching control character sets, but this is a single-level lookup, in that (as noted above) the C0 set is always invoked over CL, and the C1 set is always invoked over CR or by using escape codes. As noted above, it is required that any C0 character set include the ESC character at position 0x1B, so that further changes are possible. The control set designation sequences (as opposed to the graphical set ones) may also be used from within <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 10646">ISO/IEC 10646</a> (UCS/Unicode), in contexts where processing <a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ANSI escape codes</a> is appropriate, provided that each byte in the sequence is padded to the code unit size of the encoding.<a href="#cite_note-iso10646czdc1d-94">[90]</a> A table of escape sequence <var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var> bytes and the designation or other function which they perform is below.<a href="#cite_note-table5-95">[91]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code</th> <th>Hex</th> <th>Abbr.</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Effect</th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC SP <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 20 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>ACS</td> <td>Announce code structure</td> <td>Specifies code features used, e.g. working sets (see <a href="#Code_structure_announcements">below</a>).<a href="#cite_note-15.2-96">[92]</a></td> <td><code>ESC SP L</code> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4873" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 4873">ISO 4873</a> level 1) </td></tr> <tr id="CZD"> <td><code>ESC ! <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 21 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>CZD</td> <td>C0-designate</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a C0 control character set to be used.<a href="#cite_note-14.2.2-97">[93]</a></td> <td><code>ESC ! @</code> (<a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#C0_controls" title="C0 and C1 control codes">ASCII C0 codes</a>) </td></tr> <tr id="C1D"> <td><code>ESC " <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 22 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>C1D</td> <td>C1-designate</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a C1 control character set to be used.<a href="#cite_note-14.2.3-98">[94]</a></td> <td><code>ESC " C</code> (<a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#C1_controls" title="C0 and C1 control codes">ISO 6429 C1 codes</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC # <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 23 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>-</td> <td>(Single control function)</td> <td>(Reserved for sequences for control functions, <a href="#Other_control_functions">see above</a>.)</td> <td><code>ESC # 6</code> (private use: DEC <a href="/wiki/Fullwidth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fullwidth">Double Width</a> Line)<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr id="GZDM4"> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code>ESC $ <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code><a href="#cite_note-legacygzdm4-101">[e]</a></li> <li><code>ESC $ ( <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code>1B 24 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code><a href="#cite_note-legacygzdm4-101">[e]</a></li> <li><code>1B 24 28 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></li></ul> </div> </td> <td>GZDM4</td> <td>G0-designate multibyte 94-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 94n-character set to be used for G0.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC $ ( C</code> (<a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a> in G0) </td></tr> <tr id="G1DM4"> <td><code>ESC $ ) <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 24 29 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>G1DM4</td> <td>G1-designate multibyte 94-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 94n-character set to be used for G1.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC $ ) A</code> (<a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a> in G1) </td></tr> <tr id="G2DM4"> <td><code>ESC $ * <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 24 2A <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>G2DM4</td> <td>G2-designate multibyte 94-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 94n-character set to be used for G2.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC $ * B</code> (<a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a> in G2) </td></tr> <tr id="G3DM4"> <td><code>ESC $ + <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 24 2B <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>G3DM4</td> <td>G3-designate multibyte 94-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 94n-character set to be used for G3.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC $ + D</code> (<a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a> in G3) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC $ , <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 24 2C <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>-</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>(not used)<a href="#cite_note-102">[f]</a></td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr id="G1DM6"> <td><code>ESC $ - <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 24 2D <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>G1DM6</td> <td>G1-designate multibyte 96-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 96n-character set to be used for G1.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC $ - 1</code> (private use) </td></tr> <tr id="G2DM6"> <td><code>ESC $ . <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 24 2E <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>G2DM6</td> <td>G2-designate multibyte 96-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 96n-character set to be used for G2.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC $ . 2</code> (private use) </td></tr> <tr id="G3DM6"> <td><code>ESC $ / <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 24 2F <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>G3DM6</td> <td>G3-designate multibyte 96-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 96n-character set to be used for G3.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC $ / 3</code> (private use) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC % <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 25 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>DOCS</td> <td>Designate other coding system</td> <td>Switches coding system, <a href="#Interaction_with_other_coding_systems">see below</a>.</td> <td><code>ESC % G</code> (<a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>) </td></tr> <tr id="IRR"> <td><code>ESC & <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 26 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>IRR</td> <td>Identify revised registration</td> <td>Prefixes designation escape to denote revision.<a href="#cite_note-104">[g]</a></td> <td><code>ESC & @ ESC $ B</code> (<a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208#Escape_sequences_for_JIS_X_0202_/_ISO_2022" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208:1990</a> in G0) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC ' <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 27 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>-</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr id="GZD4"> <td><code>ESC ( <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 28 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>GZD4</td> <td>G0-designate 94-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 94-character set to be used for G0.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC ( B</code> (<a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> in G0) </td></tr> <tr id="G1D4"> <td><code>ESC ) <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 29 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>G1D4</td> <td>G1-designate 94-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 94-character set to be used for G1.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC ) I</code> (<a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a> Kana in G1) </td></tr> <tr id="G2D4"> <td><code>ESC * <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 2A <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>G2D4</td> <td>G2-designate 94-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 94-character set to be used for G2.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC * v</code> (<a href="/wiki/ITU_T.61" title="ITU T.61">ITU T.61</a> RHS in G2) </td></tr> <tr id="G3D4"> <td><code>ESC + <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 2B <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>G3D4</td> <td>G3-designate 94-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 94-character set to be used for G3.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC + D</code> (<a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646#Associated_supplementary_character_sets" title="ISO/IEC 646">NATS-SEFI-ADD</a> in G3) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC , <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 2C <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>-</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>(not used)<a href="#cite_note-106">[h]</a></td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr id="G1D6"> <td><code>ESC - <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 2D <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>G1D6</td> <td>G1-designate 96-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 96-character set to be used for G1.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC - A</code> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-1">ISO 8859-1</a> RHS in G1) </td></tr> <tr id="G2D6"> <td><code>ESC . <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 2E <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>G2D6</td> <td>G2-designate 96-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 96-character set to be used for G2.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC . B</code> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-2">ISO 8859-2</a> RHS in G2) </td></tr> <tr id="G3D6"> <td><code>ESC / <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 2F <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>G3D6</td> <td>G3-designate 96-set</td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects a 96-character set to be used for G3.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a></td> <td><code>ESC / b</code> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-15" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-15">ISO 8859-15</a> RHS in G3) </td></tr></tbody></table> Note that the registry of <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> bytes is independent for the different types. The 94-character graphic set designated by <code>ESC ( A</code> through <code>ESC + A</code> is not related in any way to the 96-character set designated by <code>ESC - A</code> through <code>ESC / A</code>. And neither of those is related to the 94n-character set designated by <code>ESC $ ( A</code> through <code>ESC $ + A</code>, and so on; the final bytes must be interpreted in context. (Indeed, without any intermediate bytes, <code>ESC A</code> is a way of specifying the C1 control code 0x81.) Also note that C0 and C1 control character sets are independent; the C0 control character set designated by <code>ESC ! A</code> (which happens to be the NATS control set for newspaper text transmission) is not the same as the C1 control character set designated by <code>ESC " A</code> (the <a href="/wiki/CCITT" class="mw-redirect" title="CCITT">CCITT</a> attribute control set for <a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interaction_with_other_coding_systems">Interaction with other coding systems</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Interaction with other coding systems">edit</a>]</div> The standard also defines a way to specify coding systems that do not follow its own structure. A sequence is also defined for returning to ISO/IEC 2022; the registrations which support this sequence as encoded in ISO/IEC 2022 comprise (as of 2019) various <a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a> formats, <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>, and <a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a>.<a href="#cite_note-irdocs-107">[99]</a> A second <var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var> byte of 0x2F (<code>/</code>) is included in the designation sequences of codes which do not use that byte sequence to return to ISO 2022; they may have their own means to return to ISO 2022 (such as a different or padded sequence) or none at all.<a href="#cite_note-15.4-108">[100]</a> All existing registrations of the latter type (as of 2019) are either transparent raw data, <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Transformation_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode Transformation Format">Unicode/UCS formats</a>, or subsets thereof.<a href="#cite_note-irdocsslash-109">[101]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code</th> <th>Hex</th> <th>Abbr.</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Effect </th></tr> <tr id="DOCS"> <td><code>ESC % @</code></td> <td><code>1B 25 40</code></td> <td rowspan="3">DOCS</td> <td>Designate other coding system ("standard return")</td> <td>Return to ISO/IEC 2022 from another encoding.<a href="#cite_note-15.4-108">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC % <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 25 <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>Designate other coding system ("with standard return")<a href="#cite_note-irdocs-107">[99]</a></td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects an 8-bit code; use <code>ESC % @</code> to return.<a href="#cite_note-15.4-108">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC % / <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td><code>1B 25 2F <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code></td> <td>Designate other coding system ("without standard return")<a href="#cite_note-irdocsslash-109">[101]</a></td> <td><var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> selects an 8-bit code; there is no standard way to return.<a href="#cite_note-15.4-108">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr id="CMD"> <td><code>ESC d</code></td> <td><code>1B 64</code></td> <td>CMD</td> <td>Coding method delimiter</td> <td>Denotes the end of an ISO/IEC 2022 coded sequence.<a href="#cite_note-15.3-110">[102]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> Of particular interest are the sequences which switch to <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 10646">ISO/IEC 10646</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>) formats which do not follow the ISO/IEC 2022 structure. These include UTF-8 (which does not reserve the range 0x80–0x9F for control characters), its predecessor UTF-1 (which mixes GR and GL bytes in multi-byte codes), and UTF-16 and UTF-32 (which use wider coding units).<a href="#cite_note-irdocs-107">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-irdocsslash-109">[101]</a> Several codes were also registered for subsets (levels 1 and 2) of UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32, as well as for three levels of <a href="/wiki/UTF-16#History" title="UTF-16">UCS-2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-irdocsslash-109">[101]</a> However, the only codes currently specified by ISO/IEC 10646 are the level-3 codes for UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 and the unspecified-level code for UTF-8, with the rest being listed as deprecated.<a href="#cite_note-iso10646docs-111">[103]</a> ISO/IEC 10646 stipulates that the <a href="/wiki/Big-endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Big-endian">big-endian</a> formats of UTF-16 and UTF-32 are designated by their escape sequences.<a href="#cite_note-112">[104]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Unicode Format</th> <th>Code(s)</th> <th>Hex<a href="#cite_note-iso10646docs-111">[103]</a></th> <th>Deprecated codes</th> <th>Deprecated hex<a href="#cite_note-irdocs-107">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-irdocsslash-109">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso10646docs-111">[103]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">(UTF-1 not in current ISO/IEC 10646.)</td> <td><code>ESC % B</code></td> <td><code>1B 25 42</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td><code>ESC % G</code>, <code>ESC % / I</code></td> <td><code>1B 25 47</code>,<a href="#cite_note-iso-ir-196-13">[13]</a> <code>1B 25 2F 49</code><a href="#cite_note-iso-ir-192-113">[105]</a></td> <td><code>ESC % / G</code>, <code>ESC % / H</code></td> <td><code>1B 25 2F 47</code>, <code>1B 25 2F 48</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></td> <td><code>ESC % / L</code></td> <td><code>1B 25 2F 4C</code><a href="#cite_note-114">[106]</a></td> <td><code>ESC % / @</code>, <code>ESC % / C</code>, <code>ESC % / E</code>, <code>ESC % / J</code>, <code>ESC % / K</code></td> <td><code>1B 25 2F 40</code>, <code>1B 25 2F 43</code>, <code>1B 25 2F 45</code>, <code>1B 25 2F 4A</code>, <code>1B 25 2F 4B</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32</a></td> <td><code>ESC % / F</code></td> <td><code>1B 25 2F 46</code></td> <td><code>ESC % / A</code>, <code>ESC % / D</code></td> <td><code>1B 25 2F 41</code>, <code>1B 25 2F 44</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> Of the sequences switching to UTF-8, <code>ESC % G</code> is the one supported by, for example, <a href="/wiki/Xterm" title="Xterm">xterm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-xtctrlesc-14">[14]</a> Although use of a variant of the standard return sequence from UTF-16 and UTF-32 is permitted, the bytes of the escape sequence must be padded to the size of the code unit of the encoding (i.e. <code>001B 0025 0040</code> for UTF-16), i.e. the coding of the standard return sequence does not conform exactly to ISO/IEC 2022. For this reason, the designations for UTF-16 and UTF-32 use a without-standard-return syntax.<a href="#cite_note-iso10646stdret-115">[107]</a> For specifying encodings by labels, the <a href="/wiki/X_Consortium" class="mw-redirect" title="X Consortium">X Consortium</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Compound_Text" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound Text">Compound Text</a> format defines five private-use DOCS sequences.<a href="#cite_note-scheiflerdocs-116">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Code_structure_announcements">Code structure announcements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Code structure announcements">edit</a>]</div> The sequence "announce code structure" (<code>ESC SP (0x20) <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code>) is used to announce a specific code structure, or a specific group of ISO 2022 facilities which are used in a particular code version. Although announcements can be combined, certain contradictory combinations (specifically, using locking shift announcements 16–23 with announcements 1, 3 and 4) are prohibited by the standard, as is using additional announcements on top of <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4873" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 4873">ISO/IEC 4873</a> level announcements 12–14<a href="#cite_note-15.2-96">[92]</a> (which fully specify the permissible structural features). Announcement sequences are as follows: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number</th> <th>Code</th> <th>Hex</th> <th>Code version feature announced<a href="#cite_note-15.2-96">[92]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><code>ESC SP A</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 41</code></td> <td>G0 in GL, GR absent or unused, no locking shifts. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><code>ESC SP B</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 42</code></td> <td>G0 and G1 invoked to GL by locking shifts, GR absent or unused. </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><code>ESC SP C</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 43</code></td> <td>G0 in GL, G1 in GR, no locking shifts, requires an 8-bit environment. </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><code>ESC SP D</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 44</code></td> <td>G0 in GL, G1 in GR if 8-bit, no locking shifts unless in a 7-bit environment. </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><code>ESC SP E</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 45</code></td> <td>Shift functions preserved during 7-bit/8-bit conversion. </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><code>ESC SP F</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 46</code></td> <td>C1 controls using escape sequences. </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><code>ESC SP G</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 47</code></td> <td>C1 controls in CR region in 8-bit environments, as escape sequences otherwise. </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><code>ESC SP H</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 48</code></td> <td>94-character graphical sets only. </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><code>ESC SP I</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 49</code></td> <td>94-character and/or 96-character graphical sets. </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><code>ESC SP J</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 4A</code></td> <td>Uses a 7-bit code, even if an eighth bit is available for use. </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><code>ESC SP K</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 4B</code></td> <td>Requires an 8-bit code. </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><code>ESC SP L</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 4C</code></td> <td>Complies to <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4873" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 4873">ISO/IEC 4873</a> (ECMA-43) level 1. </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><code>ESC SP M</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 4D</code></td> <td>Complies to <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4873" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 4873">ISO/IEC 4873</a> (ECMA-43) level 2. </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><code>ESC SP N</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 4E</code></td> <td>Complies to <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4873" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 4873">ISO/IEC 4873</a> (ECMA-43) level 3. </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><code>ESC SP P</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 50</code></td> <td>SI / LS0 used. </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><code>ESC SP R</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 52</code></td> <td>SO / LS1 used. </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><code>ESC SP S</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 53</code></td> <td>LS1R used in 8-bit environments, SO used in 7-bit environments. </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><code>ESC SP T</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 54</code></td> <td>LS2 used. </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><code>ESC SP U</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 55</code></td> <td>LS2R used in 8-bit environments, LS2 used in 7-bit environments. </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><code>ESC SP V</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 56</code></td> <td>LS3 used. </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><code>ESC SP W</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 57</code></td> <td>LS3R used in 8-bit environments, LS3 used in 7-bit environments. </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td><code>ESC SP Z</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 5A</code></td> <td>SS2 used. </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><code>ESC SP [</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 5B</code></td> <td>SS3 used. </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><code>ESC SP \</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 5C</code></td> <td>Single-shifts invoke over GR. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ISO/IEC_2022_code_versions">ISO/IEC 2022 code versions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: ISO/IEC 2022 code versions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moz-cjk.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="(A screenshot of an old version of Firefox showing Big5, GB 2312, GBK, GB 18030, HZ, ISO-2022-CN, Big5-HKSCS, EUC-TW, EUC-JP, ISO-2022-JP, Shift_JIS, EUC-KR, UHC, Johab and ISO-2022-KR as available encodings under the CJK sub-menu.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Moz-cjk.png/220px-Moz-cjk.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Moz-cjk.png/330px-Moz-cjk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Moz-cjk.png/440px-Moz-cjk.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Various ISO 2022 and other <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK</a> encodings supported by <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a> as of 2004. (This support has been reduced in later versions to avoid certain <a href="/wiki/Cross_site_scripting" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross site scripting">cross site scripting</a> attacks.)</figcaption></figure> Six 7-bit ISO 2022 code versions (ISO-2022-CN, ISO-2022-CN-EXT, ISO-2022-JP, ISO-2022-JP-1, ISO-2022-JP-2 and ISO-2022-KR) are defined by <a href="/wiki/IETF_RFC" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF RFC">IETF RFCs</a>, of which ISO-2022-JP and ISO-2022-KR have been extensively used in the past.<a href="#cite_note-lunde2022rfcs-117">[109]</a> A number of other variants are defined by vendors, including <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ibmacri-118">[110]</a> Although UTF-8 is the preferred encoding in <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, legacy content in ISO-2022-JP remains sufficiently widespread that the <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a> encoding standard retains support for it,<a href="#cite_note-whatwg-security-119">[111]</a> in contrast to mapping ISO-2022-KR, ISO-2022-CN and ISO-2022-CN-EXT<a href="#cite_note-whatwg-replacement-labels-120">[112]</a> entirely to the <a href="/wiki/Replacement_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Replacement character">replacement character</a>,<a href="#cite_note-whatwg-replacement-121">[113]</a> due to concerns about <a href="/wiki/Code_injection" title="Code injection">code injection</a> attacks such as <a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">cross-site scripting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-whatwg-security-119">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-whatwg-replacement-121">[113]</a> 8-bit code versions include <a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lundeeuc-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-lundeeucvs-12">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a> encodings also follow ISO 2022, in a subset stipulated in ISO/IEC 4873.<a href="#cite_note-8859-10-s1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-ecma-144-s1-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_e-mail_versions">Japanese e-mail versions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Japanese e-mail versions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ISO-2022-JP">ISO-2022-JP</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: ISO-2022-JP">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>ISO-2022-JP is a widely used encoding for Japanese, in particular in <a href="/wiki/E-mail" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mail">e-mail</a>. It was introduced for use on the JUNET network and later codified in <a href="/wiki/IETF_RFC" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF RFC">IETF RFC</a> 1468, dated 1993.<a href="#cite_note-rfc1468-122">[114]</a> It has an advantage over other <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_and_computers" title="Japanese language and computers">encodings for Japanese</a> in that it does not require <a href="/wiki/8-bit_clean" title="8-bit clean">8-bit clean</a> transmission. Microsoft calls it Code page 50220.<a href="#cite_note-wdc-123">[115]</a> It starts in ASCII and includes the following escape sequences: <ul><li><code>ESC ( B</code> to switch to ASCII (1 byte per character)</li> <li><code>ESC ( J</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201-1976</a> (ISO/IEC 646:JP) Roman set (1 byte per character)</li> <li><code>ESC $ @</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208-1978</a> (2 bytes per character)</li> <li><code>ESC $ B</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208-1983</a> (2 bytes per character)</li></ul> Use of the two characters added in JIS X 0208-1990 is permitted, but without including the IRR sequence, i.e. using the same escape sequence as JIS X 0208-1983.<a href="#cite_note-rfc1468-122">[114]</a> Also, due to being registered before designating multi-byte sets except to G0 was possible, the escapes for JIS X 0208 do not include the second <var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var>-byte <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">(</code>.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a> The RFC notes that some existing systems did not distinguish <code>ESC ( B</code> from <code>ESC ( J</code>, or did not distinguish <code>ESC $ @</code> from <code>ESC $ B</code>, but stipulates that the escape sequences should not be changed by systems simply relaying messages such as e-mails.<a href="#cite_note-rfc1468-122">[114]</a> The <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a> Encoding Standard referenced by <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> handles <code>ESC ( B</code> and <code>ESC ( J</code> distinctly, but treats <code>ESC $ @</code> the same as <code>ESC $ B</code> when decoding, and uses only <code>ESC $ B</code> for JIS X 0208 when encoding.<a href="#cite_note-whatwgiso2022jp-124">[116]</a> The RFC also notes that some past systems had made erroneous use of the sequence <code>ESC ( H</code> to switch away from JIS X 0208, which is actually registered for <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-11" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR-11">ISO-IR-11</a> (a Swedish variant of <a href="/wiki/ISO_646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 646">ISO 646</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">World System Teletext</a>).<a href="#cite_note-rfc1468-122">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[i]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Versions_with_halfwidth_katakana">Versions with halfwidth katakana</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Versions with halfwidth katakana">edit</a>]</div> Use of <code>ESC ( I</code> to switch to the <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201-1976</a> Kana set (1 byte per character) is not part of the ISO-2022-JP profile,<a href="#cite_note-rfc1468-122">[114]</a> but is also sometimes used. <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> allows it in a variant which it labels ISO-2022-JP-EXT (which also incorporates JIS X 0212 as described below, completing coverage of <a href="/wiki/EUC-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-JP">EUC-JP</a>);<a href="#cite_note-126">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[118]</a> this is close in both name and structure to an encoding denoted ISO-2022-JPext by <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a>, which furthermore adds a two-byte <a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Areas#Private-use_characters_in_other_character_sets" title="Private Use Areas">user-defined region</a> accessed with <code>ESC $ ( 0</code> to complete the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code#DEC_Kanji" title="Extended Unix Code">Super DEC Kanji</a>.<a href="#cite_note-decunix-128">[119]</a> The WHATWG/HTML5 variant permits decoding JIS X 0201 katakana in ISO-2022-JP input, but converts the characters to their JIS X 0208 equivalents upon encoding.<a href="#cite_note-whatwgiso2022jp-124">[116]</a> Microsoft's code page for ISO-2022-JP with JIS X 0201 kana additionally permitted is Code page 50221.<a href="#cite_note-wdc-123">[115]</a> Other, older variants known as JIS7 and JIS8 build directly on the 7-bit and 8-bit encodings defined by <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a> and allow use of JIS X 0201 kana from G1 without escape sequences, using <a href="/wiki/Shift_Out_and_Shift_In_characters" title="Shift Out and Shift In characters">Shift Out and Shift In</a> or setting the eighth bit (GR-invoked), respectively.<a href="#cite_note-lundejisenc-129">[120]</a> They are not widely used;<a href="#cite_note-lundejisenc-129">[120]</a> JIS X 0208 support in extended 8-bit JIS X 0201 is more commonly achieved via <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a>. Microsoft's code page for JIS X 0201-based ISO 2022 with single-byte katakana via Shift Out and Shift In is Code page 50222.<a href="#cite_note-wdc-123">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ISO-2022-JP-2">ISO-2022-JP-2</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: ISO-2022-JP-2">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">ISO-2022-JP-2 is a multilingual extension of ISO-2022-JP, defined in RFC 1554 (dated 1993), which permits the following escape sequences in addition to the ISO-2022-JP ones. The <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a> parts are 96-character sets which cannot be designated to G0, and are accessed from G2 using the 7-bit escape sequence form of the single-shift code SS2:<a href="#cite_note-130">[121]</a> <ul><li><code>ESC $ A</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312-1980</a> (2 bytes per character)</li> <li><code>ESC $ ( C</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/KSX1001" class="mw-redirect" title="KSX1001">KS X 1001-1992</a> (2 bytes per character)</li> <li><code>ESC $ ( D</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212-1990</a> (2 bytes per character)</li> <li><code>ESC . A</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">ISO/IEC 8859-1</a> high part, Extended Latin 1 set (1 byte per character) [designated to G2]</li> <li><code>ESC . F</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">ISO/IEC 8859-7</a> high part, Basic Greek set (1 byte per character) [designated to G2]</li></ul> ISO-2022-JP with the ISO-2022-JP-2 representation of JIS X 0212, but not the other extensions, was subsequently dubbed ISO-2022-JP-1 by RFC 2237, dated 1997.<a href="#cite_note-131">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IBM_Japanese_TCP">IBM Japanese TCP</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: IBM Japanese TCP">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> implements nine 7-bit ISO 2022 based encodings for Japanese, each using a different set of escape sequences: IBM-956, IBM-957, IBM-958, IBM-959, IBM-5052, IBM-5053, IBM-5054, IBM-5055 and ISO-2022-JP, which are collectively termed "TCP/IP Japanese coded character sets".<a href="#cite_note-132">[123]</a> CCSID 9148 is the standard (RFC 1468) ISO-2022-JP.<a href="#cite_note-ibm-9148-133">[124]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible"> <caption>IBM variants of ISO-2022-JP </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Code page / CCSID</th> <th>ACRI definition number</th> <th>Escape sequences for ACRI<a href="#cite_note-ibmacri-118">[110]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>956<a href="#cite_note-134">[125]</a></td> <td>TCP-01</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC ( J</code> (JIS X 0201 Roman)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ ( B</code> (JIS X 0208, 1983+, long escape sequence)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ I</code> (JIS X 0201 Katakana)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ ( D</code></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>957<a href="#cite_note-135">[126]</a></td> <td>TCP-02</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC ( J</code> (JIS X 0201 Roman)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ ( @</code> (JIS X 0208, 1978, long escape sequence)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ I</code> (JIS X 0201 Katakana)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ ( D</code> (JIS X 0212)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>958<a href="#cite_note-136">[127]</a></td> <td>TCP-03</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC ( A</code> (ASCII)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ ( B</code> (JIS X 0208, 1983+, long escape sequence)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ I</code> (JIS X 0201 Katakana)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ ( D</code> (JIS X 0212)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>959<a href="#cite_note-137">[128]</a></td> <td>TCP-04</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC ( A</code> (ASCII)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ ( @</code> (JIS X 0208, 1978, long escape sequence)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ I</code> (JIS X 0201 Katakana)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ ( D</code> (JIS X 0212)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5052<a href="#cite_note-138">[129]</a></td> <td>TCP-05</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC ( J</code> (JIS X 0201 Roman)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ B</code> (JIS X 0208, 1983+)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ I</code> (JIS X 0201 Katakana)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ ( D</code> (JIS X 0212)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5053<a href="#cite_note-139">[130]</a></td> <td>TCP-06</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC ( J</code> (JIS X 0201 Roman)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ @</code> (JIS X 0208, 1978)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ I</code> (JIS X 0201 Katakana)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ ( D</code> (JIS X 0212)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5054<a href="#cite_note-140">[131]</a></td> <td>TCP-07</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC ( A</code> (ASCII)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ B</code> (JIS X 0208, 1983+)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ I</code> (JIS X 0201 Katakana)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ ( D</code> (JIS X 0212)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5055<a href="#cite_note-141">[132]</a></td> <td>TCP-08</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC ( A</code> (ASCII)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ @</code> (JIS X 0208, 1978)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ I</code> (JIS X 0201 Katakana)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ ( D</code> (JIS X 0212)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9148<a href="#cite_note-ibm-9148-133">[124]</a></td> <td>TCP-16</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC ( A</code> (ASCII)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC ( J</code> (JIS X 0201 Roman)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ @</code> (JIS X 0208, 1978)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC $ B</code> (JIS X 0208, 1983+)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="JIS_X_0213">JIS X 0213</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: JIS X 0213">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a> standard, first published in 2000, defines an updated version of ISO-2022-JP, without the ISO-2022-JP-2 extensions, named ISO-2022-JP-3. The additions made by JIS X 0213 compared to the base JIS X 0208 standard resulted in a new registration being made for the extended JIS plane 1, while the new plane 2 received its own registration. The further additions to plane 1 in the 2004 edition of the standard resulted in an additional registration being added to a further revision of the profile, dubbed ISO-2022-JP-2004. In addition to the basic ISO-2022-JP designation codes, the following designations are recognized: <ul><li><code>ESC ( I</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201-1976</a> Kana set (1 byte per character)</li> <li><code>ESC $ ( O</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213-2000</a> Plane 1 (2 bytes per character)</li> <li><code>ESC $ ( P</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213-2000</a> Plane 2 (2 bytes per character)</li> <li><code>ESC $ ( Q</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213-2004</a> Plane 1 (2 bytes per character, ISO-2022-JP-2004 only)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_7-bit_versions">Other 7-bit versions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Other 7-bit versions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">ISO-2022-KR is defined in RFC 1557, dated 1993.<a href="#cite_note-rfc1557-142">[133]</a> It encodes ASCII and the Korean double-byte <a href="/wiki/KSX1001" class="mw-redirect" title="KSX1001">KS X 1001-1992</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ksx-143">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-ksc-144">[135]</a> previously named KS C 5601-1987. Unlike ISO-2022-JP-2, it makes use of the <a href="/wiki/Shift_Out_and_Shift_In_characters" title="Shift Out and Shift In characters">Shift Out and Shift In characters</a> to switch between them, after including <code>ESC $ ) C</code> once at the start of a line to designate KS X 1001 to G1.<a href="#cite_note-rfc1557-142">[133]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">ISO-2022-CN and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">ISO-2022-CN-EXT are defined in RFC 1922, dated 1996. They are 7-bit encodings making use both of the Shift Out and Shift In functions (to shift between G0 and G1), and of the 7-bit escape code forms of the single-shift functions SS2 and SS3 (to access G2 and G3).<a href="#cite_note-rfc1922-145">[136]</a> They support the character sets <a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified Chinese">simplified Chinese</a>) and <a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese">traditional Chinese</a>). The basic ISO-2022-CN profile uses ASCII as its G0 (shift in) set, and also includes GB 2312 and the first two planes of CNS 11643 (due to these two planes being sufficient to represent all traditional Chinese characters from common <a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a>, to which the RFC provides a correspondence in an appendix):<a href="#cite_note-rfc1922-145">[136]</a> <ul><li><code>ESC $ ) A</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312-1980</a> (2 bytes per character) [designated to G1]</li> <li><code>ESC $ ) G</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643-1992</a> Plane 1 (2 bytes per character) [designated to G1]</li> <li><code>ESC $ * H</code> to switch to CNS 11643-1992 Plane 2 (2 bytes per character) [designated to G2]</li></ul> The ISO-2022-CN-EXT profile permits the following additional sets and planes.<a href="#cite_note-rfc1922-145">[136]</a> <ul><li><code>ESC $ ) E</code> to switch to <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-165" title="ISO-IR-165">ISO-IR-165</a> (2 bytes per character) [designated to G1]</li> <li><code>ESC $ + I</code> to switch to CNS 11643-1992 Plane 3 (2 bytes per character) [designated to G3]</li> <li><code>ESC $ + J</code> to switch to CNS 11643-1992 Plane 4 (2 bytes per character) [designated to G3]</li> <li><code>ESC $ + K</code> to switch to CNS 11643-1992 Plane 5 (2 bytes per character) [designated to G3]</li> <li><code>ESC $ + L</code> to switch to CNS 11643-1992 Plane 6 (2 bytes per character) [designated to G3]</li> <li><code>ESC $ + M</code> to switch to CNS 11643-1992 Plane 7 (2 bytes per character) [designated to G3]</li></ul> The ISO-2022-CN-EXT profile further lists additional <a href="/wiki/Guobiao_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Guobiao standard">Guobiao standard</a> graphical sets as being permitted, but conditional on their being assigned registered ISO 2022 escape sequences:<a href="#cite_note-rfc1922-145">[136]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GB_12345" title="GB 12345">GB 12345</a> in G1</li> <li>GB 7589 or GB 13131 in G2</li> <li>GB 7590 or GB 13132 in G3</li></ul> The character after the <code>ESC</code> (for single-byte character sets) or <code>ESC $</code> (for multi-byte character sets) specifies the type of character set and working set that is designated to. In the above examples, the character <code>(</code> (0x28) designates a 94-character set to the G0 character set, whereas <code>)</code>, <code>*</code> or <code>+</code> (0x29–0x2B) designates to the G1–G3 character sets. ISO-2022-KR and ISO-2022-CN are used less frequently than ISO-2022-JP, and are sometimes deliberately not supported due to security concerns. Notably, the <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a> Encoding Standard used by <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> maps ISO-2022-KR, ISO-2022-CN and ISO-2022-CN-EXT (as well as <a href="/wiki/HZ-GB-2312" class="mw-redirect" title="HZ-GB-2312">HZ-GB-2312</a>) to the "replacement" decoder,<a href="#cite_note-whatwg-replacement-labels-120">[112]</a> which maps all input to the <a href="/wiki/Replacement_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Replacement character">replacement character</a> (�), in order to prevent certain <a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">cross-site scripting</a> and related attacks, which utilize a difference in encoding support between the client and server.<a href="#cite_note-whatwg-replacement-121">[113]</a> Although the same security concern (allowing sequences of ASCII bytes to be interpreted differently) also applies to ISO-2022-JP and <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a>, they could not be given this treatment due to being much more frequently used in deployed content.<a href="#cite_note-whatwg-security-119">[111]</a> In April 2024, a security flaw<a href="#cite_note-gconv-vulnerability-146">[137]</a> was found in the implementation of ISO-2022-CN-EXT in <a href="/wiki/Glibc" title="Glibc">glibc</a>, which lead to recommendations to disable the encoding entirely on Linux systems.<a href="#cite_note-gconv-workaround-147">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISO/IEC_4873">ISO/IEC 4873</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: ISO/IEC 4873">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg/220px-Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg/330px-Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg/440px-Ecma43_versus_EUC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1630" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Relationship between ECMA-43 (ISO/IEC 4873) editions and levels, and <a href="#Extended_Unix_Code">EUC</a>.</figcaption></figure> A subset of ISO 2022 applied to 8-bit single-byte encodings is defined by ISO/IEC 4873, also published by <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a> as ECMA-43. <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a> defines 8-bit codes for ISO/IEC 4873 (or ECMA-43) level 1.<a href="#cite_note-8859-10-s1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-ecma-144-s1-10">[10]</a> ISO/IEC 4873 / ECMA-43 defines three levels of encoding:<a href="#cite_note-ecma-43-8-148">[139]</a> <ul><li>Level 1, which includes a C0 set, the ASCII G0 set, an optional C1 set and an optional single-byte (94-character or 96-character) G1 set. G0 is invoked over GL, and G1 is invoked over GR. Use of shift functions is not permitted.</li> <li>Level 2, which includes a (94-character or 96-character) single-byte G2 and/or G3 set in addition to a mandatory G1 set. Only the single-shift functions SS2 and SS3 are permitted (i.e. locking shifts are forbidden), and they invoke over the GL region (including <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">0x</a>20 and 0x7F in the case of a 96-set). SS2 and SS3 must be available in C1 at 0x8E and 0x8F respectively. This minimal required C1 set for ISO 4873 is registered as ISO-IR-105.<a href="#cite_note-harvp|ISO-IR-105|1985-73">[69]</a></li> <li>Level 3, which permits the GR locking-shift functions LS1R, LS2R and LS3R in addition to the single shifts, but otherwise has the same restrictions as level 2.</li></ul> Earlier editions of the standard permitted non-ASCII assignments in the G0 set, provided that the <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a> invariant positions were preserved, that the other positions were assigned to spacing (not combining) characters, that 0x23 was assigned to either <a href="/wiki/%C2%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="£">£</a> or <a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">#</a>, and that 0x24 was assigned to either <a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">$</a> or <a href="/wiki/%C2%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="¤">¤</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[140]</a> For instance, the 8-bit encoding of <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a> is compliant with earlier editions. This was subsequently changed to fully specify the ISO/IEC 646:1991 IRV / ISO-IR No. 6 set (ASCII).<a href="#cite_note-ecma-43-7.4-150">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-ecma-43-10.3-151">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-ecma-43-annexE-152">[143]</a> The use of the <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a> IRV (synchronised with ASCII since 1991) at ISO/IEC 4873 Level 1 with no C1 or G1 set, i.e. using the IRV in an 8-bit environment in which shift codes are not used and the high bit is always zero, is known as ISO 4873 DV, in which DV stands for "Default Version".<a href="#cite_note-iptc7901-153">[144]</a> In cases where duplicate characters are available in different sets, the current edition of ISO/IEC 4873 / ECMA-43 only permits using these characters in the lowest numbered working set which they appear in.<a href="#cite_note-ecma-43-9.2-154">[145]</a> For instance, if a character appears in both the G1 set and the G3 set, it must be used from the G1 set. However, use from other sets is noted as having been permitted in earlier editions.<a href="#cite_note-ecma-43-annexE-152">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a> defines complete encodings at level 1 of ISO/IEC 4873, and does not allow for use of multiple ISO/IEC 8859 parts together. It stipulates that <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10367" title="ISO/IEC 10367">ISO/IEC 10367</a> should be used instead for levels 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 4873.<a href="#cite_note-8859-10-s1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-ecma-144-s1-10">[10]</a> ISO/IEC 10367:1991 includes G0 and G1 sets matching those used by the first 9 parts of ISO/IEC 8859 (i.e. those which existed as of 1991, when it was published), and some supplementary sets.<a href="#cite_note-vanWingen-155">[146]</a> Character set designation escape sequences are used for identifying or switching between versions during information interchange only if required by a further protocol, in which case the standard requires an ISO/IEC 2022 announcer sequence specifying the ISO/IEC 4873 level, followed by a complete set of escapes specifying the character set designations for C0, C1, G0, G1, G2 and G3 respectively (but omitting G2 and G3 designations for level 1), with an <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var>-byte of 0x7E denoting an empty set. Each ISO/IEC 4873 level has its own single ISO/IEC 2022 announcer sequence, which are as follows:<a href="#cite_note-ecma-43-10-156">[147]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code</th> <th>Hex</th> <th>Announcement </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC SP L</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 4C</code></td> <td>ISO 4873 Level 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC SP M</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 4D</code></td> <td>ISO 4873 Level 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC SP N</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 4E</code></td> <td>ISO 4873 Level 3 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extended_Unix_Code">Extended Unix Code</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Extended Unix Code">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code</a></div> Extended Unix Code (EUC) is an 8-bit variable-width <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a> system used primarily for <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified Chinese">simplified Chinese</a>. It is based on ISO 2022, and only character sets which conform to the ISO 2022 structure can have EUC forms. Up to four coded character sets can be represented (in G0, G1, G2 and G3). The G0 set is invoked over GL, the G1 set is invoked over GR, and the G2 and G3 sets are (if present) invoked using the single shifts SS2 and SS3, which are used as CR bytes (i.e. 0x8E and 0x8F respectively) and invoke over GR (not GL).<a href="#cite_note-lundeeuc-11">[11]</a> Locking shift codes are not used.<a href="#cite_note-lundeeucvs-12">[12]</a> The code assigned to the G0 set is ASCII, or the country's national <a href="/wiki/ISO_646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 646">ISO 646</a> character set such as KS-Roman (KS X 1003) or <a href="/wiki/JIS-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="JIS-Roman">JIS-Roman</a> (the lower half of <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a>).<a href="#cite_note-lundeeuc-11">[11]</a> Hence, 0x5C (<a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a> in US-ASCII) is used to represent a <a href="/wiki/Yen_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Yen sign">Yen sign</a> in some versions of EUC-JP and a <a href="/wiki/Won_sign" title="Won sign">Won sign</a> in some versions of EUC-KR. G1 is used for a 94x94 coded character set represented in two bytes. The <a href="/wiki/EUC-CN" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-CN">EUC-CN</a> form of GB 2312 and <a href="/wiki/EUC-KR" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-KR">EUC-KR</a> are examples of such two-byte EUC codes. <a href="/wiki/EUC-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-JP">EUC-JP</a> includes characters represented by up to three bytes (i.e. SS3 plus two bytes) whereas a single character in <a href="/wiki/EUC-TW" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-TW">EUC-TW</a> can take up to four bytes (i.e. SS2 plus three bytes). The EUC code itself does not make use of the announcer or designation sequences from ISO 2022; however, it corresponds to the following sequence of four announcer sequences, with meanings breaking down as follows.<a href="#cite_note-cdra-157">[148]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Individual sequence</th> <th>Hexadecimal</th> <th>Feature of EUC denoted </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC SP C</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 43</code></td> <td>ISO-8 (8-bit, G0 in GL, G1 in GR) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC SP Z</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 5A</code></td> <td>G2 accessed using SS2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC SP [</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 5B</code></td> <td>G3 accessed using SS3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>ESC SP \</code></td> <td><code>1B 20 5C</code></td> <td>Single-shifts invoke over GR </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compound_Text_(X11)">Compound Text (X11)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Compound Text (X11)">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/X_Consortium" class="mw-redirect" title="X Consortium">X Consortium</a> defined an ISO 2022 profile named Compound Text as an interchange format in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-158">[149]</a> This uses only four control codes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_Tab" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal Tab">HT</a> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x09</code>), NL (newline, coded as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Line_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="Line feed">LF</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x0A</code>), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#ESC" title="C0 and C1 control codes">ESC</a> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x1B</code>) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_sequence#CSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI escape sequence">CSI</a> (in its 8-bit representation <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x9B</code>),<a href="#cite_note-159">[150]</a> with the SDS (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">CSI … ]</code>) CSI sequence being used for bidirectional text control.<a href="#cite_note-160">[151]</a> It is an 8-bit code using G0 and G1 for GL and GR, and follows <a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-8859-1">ISO-8859-1</a> in its initial state.<a href="#cite_note-161">[152]</a> The following F-bytes are used: <table class="wikitable collapsible"> <caption>ISO 2022 designation sequences used in X11 Compound Text<a href="#cite_note-162">[153]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Escape sequence type</th> <th>Final byte</th> <th>Graphical set </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">GZD4, G1D4 (for 94-character sets)</td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">B</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x42</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">I</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x49</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a> katakana </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">J</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x4A</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/JISCII" class="mw-redirect" title="JISCII">JIS X 0201 Roman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9">G1D6 (for 96-character sets)</td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">A</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x41</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-8859-1">ISO-8859-1</a> high part </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">B</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x42</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-8859-2">ISO-8859-2</a> high part </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">C</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x43</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-8859-3">ISO-8859-3</a> high part </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">D</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x44</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-4" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-8859-4">ISO-8859-4</a> high part </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">F</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x46</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-7" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-8859-7">ISO-8859-7</a> high part </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">G</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x47</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-6" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-8859-6">ISO-8859-6</a> high part </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">H</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x48</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-8859-8">ISO-8859-8</a> high part </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">L</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x4C</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-5" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-8859-5">ISO-8859-5</a> high part </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">M</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x4D</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-8859-9">ISO-8859-9</a> high part </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">GZDM4, G1DM4 (for 2-byte sets)</td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">A</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x41</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">B</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x42</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">C</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x43</code>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/KS_C_5601" class="mw-redirect" title="KS C 5601">KS C 5601</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> For specifying encodings by labels, X11 Compound Text defines five private-use DOCS sequences: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC % / 0</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">1B 25 2F 30</code>) for variable-length encodings, and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC % / 1</code> through <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC % / 4</code> for fixed-length encodings using one through four bytes respectively. Rather than using another escape sequence to return to ISO 2022, the two bytes following the initial escape sequence specify the remaining length in bytes, coded in base-128 using bytes <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x80–FF</code>. The encoding label is included in <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-1">ISO 8859-1</a> before the encoded text, and terminated with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#STX" title="C0 and C1 control codes">STX</a> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0x02</code>).<a href="#cite_note-scheiflerdocs-116">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_other_encodings">Comparison with other encodings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Comparison with other encodings">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advantages">Advantages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Advantages">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>As ISO/IEC 2022's entire range of graphical character encodings can be invoked over GL, the available glyphs are not significantly limited by an inability to represent GR and C1, such as in a system limited to 7-bit encodings. It accordingly enables the representation of large set of characters in such a system. Generally, this 7-bit compatibility is not really an advantage, except for backwards compatibility with older systems. The vast majority of modern computers use 8 bits for each byte.</li> <li>As compared to Unicode, ISO/IEC 2022 sidesteps <a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a> by using sequence codes to switch between discrete encodings for different East Asian languages. This avoids the issues[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] associated with unification, such as difficulty supporting multiple <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK</a> languages with their associated character variants in a single document and font.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disadvantages">Disadvantages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Disadvantages">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Since ISO/IEC 2022 is a stateful encoding, a program cannot jump in the middle of a block of text to search, insert or delete characters. This makes manipulation of the text very cumbersome and slow when compared to non-stateful encodings. Any jump in the middle of the text may require a backup to the previous escape sequence before the bytes following the escape sequence can be interpreted.</li> <li>Due to the stateful nature of ISO/IEC 2022, an identical and equivalent character may be encoded in different character sets, which may be designated to any of G0 through G3, which may be invoked using single shifts or by using locking shifts to GL or GR. Consequently, characters can be represented in multiple ways, meaning that two visually identical and equivalent strings can not be reliably compared for equality.</li> <li>Some systems, like <a href="/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM">DICOM</a> and several e-mail clients, use a variant of ISO-2022 (e.g. "ISO 2022 IR 100"<a href="#cite_note-163">[154]</a>) in addition to supporting several other encodings.<a href="#cite_note-DICOM-164">[155]</a> This type of variation makes it difficult to portably transfer text between computer systems.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a>, the multi-byte <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> transformation format compatible with ISO/IEC 2022's representation of 8-bit control characters, has various disadvantages in comparison with <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>, and switching from or to other charsets, as supported by ISO/IEC 2022, is typically unnecessary in Unicode documents.</li> <li>Because of its escape sequences, it is possible to construct attack byte sequences in which a malicious string (such as <a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">cross-site scripting</a>) is masked until it is decoded to Unicode, which may allow it to bypass sanitisation.<a href="#cite_note-sivonen2018-165">[156]</a> Use of this encoding is thus treated as suspicious by malware protection suites,<a href="#cite_note-166">[157]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] and 7-bit ISO 2022 data (except for ISO-2022-JP) is mapped in its entirety to the <a href="/wiki/Replacement_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Replacement character">replacement character</a> in <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> to prevent attacks.<a href="#cite_note-whatwg-replacement-labels-120">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-whatwg-replacement-121">[113]</a> Restricted ISO 2022 8-bit code versions which do not use designation escapes or locking shift codes, such as <a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code</a>, do not share this problem.</li> <li>Concatenation can pose issues. Profiles such as ISO-2022-JP specify that the stream starts in the ASCII state and must end in the ASCII state.<a href="#cite_note-rfc1468-122">[114]</a> This is necessary to ensure that characters in concatenated ISO-2022-JP and/or ASCII streams will be interpreted in the correct set. This has the consequence that if a stream that ends in a multi-byte character is concatenated with one that starts with a multi-byte character, a pair of escape codes are generated switching to ASCII and immediately away from it. However, as stipulated in Unicode Technical Report #36 ("Unicode Security Considerations"), pairs of ISO 2022 escape sequences with no characters between them should generate a <a href="/wiki/Replacement_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Replacement character">replacement character</a> ("�") to prevent them from being used to mask malicious sequences such as <a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">cross-site scripting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[158]</a> Implementing this measure, e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Mozilla Thunderbird</a>, has led to interoperability issues, with unexpected "�" characters being generated where two ISO-2022-JP streams have been concatenated.<a href="#cite_note-sivonen2018-165">[156]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2709" title="ISO 2709">ISO 2709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iso-ir-102" class="mw-redirect" title="Iso-ir-102">ISO-IR-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARC_standards" title="MARC standards">MARC standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">Mojibake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luit" title="Luit">luit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 区点, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a>: kuten; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 区位; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 區位; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: qūwèi; <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: 행렬; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: 行列; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: haeng-nyeol </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 區; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 区; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: qū; <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Japanese pronunciation</a>: ku; <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'zone'; <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: 행; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: 行; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: haeng </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 点, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a>: ten, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'point'; <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 位; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: wèi; <abbr title="Literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'position'; <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: 열; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: 列; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: yeol </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 面, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a>: men, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'face' </li> <li id="cite_note-legacygzdm4-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-legacygzdm4_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-legacygzdm4_101-1">b</a> Specified for <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var> bytes 0x40 (<code>@</code>), 0x41 (<code>A</code>) and 0x42 (<code>B</code>) only, for historical reasons.<a href="#cite_note-14.3.2-93">[89]</a> Some implementations, such as the <a href="/wiki/SoftBank" class="mw-redirect" title="SoftBank">SoftBank</a> 2G <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">emoji</a> encoding, use additional escapes of this form for non-ISO-2022-compliant purposes.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Listed by <a href="/wiki/MARC-8" title="MARC-8">MARC-8</a>.<a href="#cite_note-marc-escs-3">[3]</a> See footnote for <code>ESC , <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var></code> below for background. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <var style="padding-right: 1px;">F</var>, adjusted to the range 1-63, indicates which (upwardly compatible) revision of the immediately-following registration is needed, so that old systems know that they are old.<a href="#cite_note-14.5-103">[97]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> In earlier editions, 96-character sets did not exist, and the escape codes now used for 96-character sets were reserved as space for additional 94-character sets. Accordingly, the <code>ESC 0x1B 0x2C</code> sequence was defined in early editions of the standard as designating further 94-character sets to G0.<a href="#cite_note-105">[98]</a> Since 96-character sets cannot be designated to G0, this first <var style="padding-right: 1px;">I</var> byte is not used by the current edition of the standard. However, it is still listed by <a href="/wiki/MARC-8" title="MARC-8">MARC-8</a>.<a href="#cite_note-marc-escs-3">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> See also, for instance, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPrintronix2012" class="citation cs2">Printronix (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://printronix.com/wp-content/uploads/manuals/PTX_PRM_OKI_N7_256482A.pdf">OKI® Programmer's Reference Manual</a> (PDF), p. 26</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OKI%C2%AE+Programmer%27s+Reference+Manual&rft.pages=26&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Printronix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprintronix.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fmanuals%2FPTX_PRM_OKI_N7_256482A.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"> for a more recent system which uses <code>ESC ( H</code> to switch to ASCII from a DBCS. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, Brief History </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, p. 51, annex D </li> <li id="cite_note-marc-escs-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marc-escs_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marc-escs_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marc-escs_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marc-escs_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marc-escs_3-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/marc/specifications/speccharmarc8.html#technique2">"Technique 2: Using standard alternate graphic character sets"</a>. MARC 21 Specifications for Record Structure, Character Sets, and Exchange Media. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. 2007-12-05. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722125744/https://www.loc.gov/marc/specifications/speccharmarc8.html#technique2">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-22. Retrieved 2020-07-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MARC+21+Specifications+for+Record+Structure%2C+Character+Sets%2C+and+Exchange+Media&rft.atitle=Technique+2%3A+Using+standard+alternate+graphic+character+sets&rft.date=2007-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fmarc%2Fspecifications%2Fspeccharmarc8.html%23technique2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-35/">"ECMA-35: Character code structure and extension techniques (web page)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425142341/https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-35/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-25. Retrieved 2022-04-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ECMA-35%3A+Character+code+structure+and+extension+techniques+%28web+page%29&rft.pub=Ecma+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications-and-standards%2Fstandards%2Fecma-35%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8.1-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-8.1_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-8.1_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-8.1_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-8.1_5-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, pp. 15–16, chapter 8.1 </li> <li id="cite_note-ch13-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ch13_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch13_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, chapter 13 </li> <li id="cite_note-ch12_14-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ch12_14_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch12_14_7-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, chapters 12, 14 </li> <li id="cite_note-ch11-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ch11_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch11_8-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, chapter 11 </li> <li id="cite_note-8859-10-s1-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-8859-10-s1_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-8859-10-s1_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-8859-10-s1_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-8859-10-s1_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-8859-10-s1_9-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFISO/IEC_FDIS_8859-101998">ISO/IEC FDIS 8859-10 (1998)</a>, p. 1, chapter 1 ("Scope") </li> <li id="cite_note-ecma-144-s1-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ecma-144-s1_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecma-144-s1_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecma-144-s1_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecma-144-s1_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecma-144-s1_10-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-1442000">ECMA-144 (2000)</a>, p. 1, chapter 1 ("Scope") </li> <li id="cite_note-lundeeuc-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lundeeuc_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lundeeuc_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lundeeuc_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lundeeuc_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lundeeuc_11-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lundeeuc_11-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFLunde2008">Lunde (2008)</a>, pp. 242–245, Chapter 4 ("Encoding Methods"), section "EUC encoding" </li> <li id="cite_note-lundeeucvs-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lundeeucvs_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lundeeucvs_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lundeeucvs_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lundeeucvs_12-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFLunde2008">Lunde (2008)</a>, pp. 253–255, Chapter 4 ("Encoding Methods"), section "EUC versus ISO-2022 encodings". </li> <li id="cite_note-iso-ir-196-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iso-ir-196_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iso-ir-196_13-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFISO-IR-1961996">ISO-IR-196 (1996)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-xtctrlesc-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xtctrlesc_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-xtctrlesc_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-xtctrlesc_14-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyGildeaDickey" class="citation web cs1">Moy, Edward; Gildea, Stephen; Dickey, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html#h3-Controls-beginning-with-ESC">"Controls beginning with ESC"</a>. XTerm Control Sequences. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010041907/https://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html#h3-Controls-beginning-with-ESC">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-10. Retrieved 2019-10-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XTerm+Control+Sequences&rft.atitle=Controls+beginning+with+ESC&rft.aulast=Moy&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Gildea%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Dickey%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvisible-island.net%2Fxterm%2Fctlseqs%2Fctlseqs.html%23h3-Controls-beginning-with-ESC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, chapters 6, 7 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, chapter 8 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, chapter 9 </li> <li id="cite_note-ch15-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ch15_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch15_18-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, chapter 15 </li> <li id="cite_note-lunde2022-19"><a href="#cite_ref-lunde2022_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLunde2008">Lunde (2008)</a>, pp. 228–234, Chapter 4 ("Encoding Methods"), section "ISO-2022 encoding" </li> <li id="cite_note-lundekuten-24"><a href="#cite_ref-lundekuten_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLunde2008">Lunde (2008)</a>, pp. 19–20, Chapter 1 ("CJKV Information Processing Overview"), section "What are Row-Cell and Plane-Row-Cell?" </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, p. 4, definition 4.11 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, p. 5, definition 4.18 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> See, for instance, <a href="#CITEREFISO-IR-141975">ISO-IR-14 (1975)</a>, defining the G0 designation of the <a href="/wiki/JISCII" class="mw-redirect" title="JISCII">JIS X 0201 Roman set</a> as <code>ESC 2/8 4/10</code>. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, p. 5, chapter 5.1 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> See, for instance, <a href="#CITEREFRFC_14681993">RFC 1468 (1993)</a>, defining the G0 designation of the <a href="/wiki/JISCII" class="mw-redirect" title="JISCII">JIS X 0201 Roman set</a> as <code>ESC ( J</code>. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, p. 7, chapter 6.2 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, p. 10, chapter 6.3.2 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, p. 4, definition 4.17 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, p. 4, definition 4.14 </li> <li id="cite_note-13.1-34"><a href="#cite_ref-13.1_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, p. 28, chapter 13.1 </li> <li id="cite_note-13.3.3-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-13.3.3_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-13.3.3_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-13.3.3_35-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, p. 33, chapter 13.3.3 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-481991">ECMA-48 (1991)</a>, pp. 24–26, chapter 5.4 </li> <li id="cite_note-6.4.3-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-6.4.3_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-6.4.3_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-6.4.3_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-6.4.3_37-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, p. 11, chapter 6.4.3 </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFISO-IR-2081999">ISO-IR-208 (1999)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFISO-IR-1551990">ISO-IR-155 (1990)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFISO-IR-1641992">ISO-IR-164 (1992)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6.3.3-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-6.3.3_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-6.3.3_41-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFECMA-351994">ECMA-35 (1994)</a>, p. 10, chapter 6.3.3 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoogle_Inc.2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Google,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Google, Inc.">Google Inc.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/pborman/ansi/blob/8707152fc11286b76d2377dbd6256b8237443948/ansi.go#L134">"ansi.go, line 134"</a>. ANSI escape sequence library for Go. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220430005007/https://github.com/pborman/ansi/blob/8707152fc11286b76d2377dbd6256b8237443948/ansi.go#L134">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-30. 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Letters, tokens and codes. Terena. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801214714/https://www.terena.org/activities/multiling/euroml/section08.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-01. 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Retrieved 2020-06-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM&rft.atitle=Character+Data+Representation+Architecture+%28CDRA%29&rft.pages=157-162&rft.au=IBM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdownloads%2Fcas%2FG01BQVRV%23page%3D157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScheifler1989">Scheifler (1989)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScheifler1989">Scheifler (1989)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.x.org/releases/current/doc/xorg-docs/ctext/ctext.html#Control_Characters">§ Control Characters</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScheifler1989">Scheifler (1989)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.x.org/releases/current/doc/xorg-docs/ctext/ctext.html#Directionality">§ Directionality</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScheifler1989">Scheifler (1989)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.x.org/releases/current/doc/xorg-docs/ctext/ctext.html#Standard_Character_Set_Encodings">§ Standard Character Set Encodings</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScheifler1989">Scheifler (1989)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.x.org/releases/current/doc/xorg-docs/ctext/ctext.html#Approved_Standard_Encodings">§ Approved Standard Encodings</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/2016d/output/chtml/part02/sect_D.6.2.html">"DICOM PS3.2 2016d - Conformance; D.6.2 Character Sets; D.6 Support of Character Sets"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200216125138/http://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/2016d/output/chtml/part02/sect_D.6.2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2020-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DICOM+PS3.2+2016d+-+Conformance%3B+D.6.2+Character+Sets%3B+D.6+Support+of+Character+Sets&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdicom.nema.org%2Fmedical%2Fdicom%2F2016d%2Foutput%2Fchtml%2Fpart02%2Fsect_D.6.2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DICOM-164"><a href="#cite_ref-DICOM_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430124636/http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=23D1952C4CB5164E9B9AA2905736DBEE06A10C5F%40BANMLVEM04.e2k.ad.ge.com">"DICOM ISO 2022 variation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=23D1952C4CB5164E9B9AA2905736DBEE06A10C5F%40BANMLVEM04.e2k.ad.ge.com">the original</a> on 2013-04-30. Retrieved 2009-07-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DICOM+ISO+2022+variation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fmailarchive%2Fmessage.php%3Fmsg_id%3D23D1952C4CB5164E9B9AA2905736DBEE06A10C5F%2540BANMLVEM04.e2k.ad.ge.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sivonen2018-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sivonen2018_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sivonen2018_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSivonen2018" class="citation web cs1">Sivonen, Henri (2018-12-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hsivonen.fi/unicode-feedback/empty-iso-2022-jp-draft.pdf">"(UNSUBMITTED DRAFT) No U+FFFD Generation for Zero-Length ASCII-State Content between ISO-2022-JP Escape Sequences"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224112/https://hsivonen.fi/unicode-feedback/empty-iso-2022-jp-draft.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2019-02-21. Retrieved 2019-02-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28UNSUBMITTED+DRAFT%29+No+U%2BFFFD+Generation+for+Zero-Length+ASCII-State+Content+between+ISO-2022-JP+Escape+Sequences&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft.aulast=Sivonen&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhsivonen.fi%2Funicode-feedback%2Fempty-iso-2022-jp-draft.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=935453">"935453 - Gather telemetry about HZ and other encodings we might try to remove"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519153033/https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=935453">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2018-06-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=935453+-+Gather+telemetry+about+HZ+and+other+encodings+we+might+try+to+remove&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugzilla.mozilla.org%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D935453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisSuignard2014" class="citation web cs1">Davis, Mark; Suignard, Michel (2014-09-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/tr36-15.html#Some_Output_For_All_Input">"3.6.2 Some Output For All Input"</a>. Unicode Technical Report #36: Unicode Security Considerations (revision 15). Unicode Consortium. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190222025553/http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/tr36-15.html#Some_Output_For_All_Input">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-22. Retrieved 2019-02-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+Technical+Report+%2336%3A+Unicode+Security+Considerations+%28revision+15%29&rft.atitle=3.6.2+Some+Output+For+All+Input&rft.date=2014-09-19&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Suignard%2C+Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Freports%2Ftr36%2Ftr36-15.html%23Some_Output_For_All_Input&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standards_and_registry_indices_cited">Standards and registry indices cited</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Standards and registry indices cited">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFARIB_STD-B242008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Radio_Industries_and_Businesses" title="Association of Radio Industries and Businesses">ARIB</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/6-STD-B24v5_2-1p3-E1.pdf">ARIB STD-B24: Data Coding and Transmission Specification for Digital Broadcasting</a> (PDF) (ARIB Standard). 5.2-E1. Vol. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710120018/http://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/6-STD-B24v5_2-1p3-E1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-10. Retrieved 2017-07-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ARIB+STD-B24%3A+Data+Coding+and+Transmission+Specification+for+Digital+Broadcasting&rft.series=5.2-E1&rft.date=2008&rft.au=ARIB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arib.or.jp%2Fenglish%2Fhtml%2Foverview%2Fdoc%2F6-STD-B24v5_2-1p3-E1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA-351980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-35_2nd_edition_january_1980.pdf">ECMA-35: Extension of the 7-bit Coded Character Set</a> (PDF) (ECMA Standard) (2nd ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ECMA-35%3A+Extension+of+the+7-bit+Coded+Character+Set&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1980&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-35_2nd_edition_january_1980.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA-351994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-35_6th_edition_december_1994.pdf">ECMA-35: Character Code Structure and Extension Techniques</a> (PDF) (ECMA Standard) (6th ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ECMA-35%3A+Character+Code+Structure+and+Extension+Techniques&rft.edition=6th&rft.date=1994&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-35_6th_edition_december_1994.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA-431985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-43_2nd_edition_december_1985.pdf">ECMA-43: 8-Bit Coded Character Set Structure and Rules</a> (PDF) (ECMA Standard) (2nd ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ECMA-43%3A+8-Bit+Coded+Character+Set+Structure+and+Rules&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1985&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-43_2nd_edition_december_1985.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA-431991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-43_3rd_edition_december_1991.pdf">ECMA-43: 8-Bit Coded Character Set Structure and Rules</a> (PDF) (ECMA Standard) (3rd ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ECMA-43%3A+8-Bit+Coded+Character+Set+Structure+and+Rules&rft.edition=3rd&rft.date=1991&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-43_3rd_edition_december_1991.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA-481991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-48_5th_edition_june_1991.pdf">ECMA-48: Control Functions for Coded Character Sets</a> (PDF) (ECMA Standard) (5th ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ECMA-48%3A+Control+Functions+for+Coded+Character+Sets&rft.edition=5th&rft.date=1991&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-48_5th_edition_june_1991.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA-1442000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-144_3rd_edition_december_2000.pdf">ECMA-144: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character sets: Latin Alphabet No. 6</a> (PDF) (ECMA Standard) (3rd ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ECMA-144%3A+8-Bit+Single-Byte+Coded+Graphic+Character+sets%3A+Latin+Alphabet+No.+6&rft.edition=3rd&rft.date=2000&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-144_3rd_edition_december_2000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFETS_300_7061997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_i_ets/300700_300799/300706/01_60/ets_300706e01p.pdf">ETS 300 706: Enhanced Teletext specification</a> (PDF) (European Telecommunications Standards). <a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ETS+300+706%3A+Enhanced+Teletext+specification&rft.pub=ETSI&rft.date=1997&rft.au=European+Broadcasting+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etsi.org%2Fdeliver%2Fetsi_i_ets%2F300700_300799%2F300706%2F01_60%2Fets_300706e01p.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO/IEC_23752003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/32184.html">ISO/IEC 2375:2003: Information technology — Procedure for registration of escape sequences and coded character sets</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+2375%3A2003%3A+Information+technology+%E2%80%94+Procedure+for+registration+of+escape+sequences+and+coded+character+sets&rft.pub=ISO&rft.date=2003&rft.au=ISO%2FIEC+JTC+1%2FSC+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F32184.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO/IEC_FDIS_8859-101998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2</a> (1998-02-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC2/WG3/docs/n415.pdf">ISO/IEC FDIS 8859-10: Information Technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 10: Latin alphabet No. 6</a> (PDF) (Final Draft International Standard).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+FDIS+8859-10%3A+Information+Technology+%E2%80%94+8-bit+single-byte+coded+graphic+character+sets+%E2%80%94+Part+10%3A+Latin+alphabet+No.+6&rft.date=1998-02-12&rft.au=ISO%2FIEC+JTC+1%2FSC+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2FJTC1%2FSC2%2FWG3%2Fdocs%2Fn415.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO/IEC_106462017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c069119_ISO_IEC_10646_2017.zip">ISO/IEC 10646: Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)</a> (ISO Standard) (5th ed.). <a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+10646%3A+Information+technology+%E2%80%94+Universal+Coded+Character+Set+%28UCS%29&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=ISO&rft.date=2017&rft.au=ISO%2FIEC+JTC+1%2FSC+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstandards.iso.org%2Fittf%2FPubliclyAvailableStandards%2Fc069119_ISO_IEC_10646_2017.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/english/vbcqpr00000004qn-att/ISO-IR.pdf">ISO-IR: ISO/IEC International Register of Coded Character Sets To Be Used With Escape Sequences</a> (PDF) (Registry Index). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR%3A+ISO%2FIEC+International+Register+of+Coded+Character+Sets+To+Be+Used+With+Escape+Sequences&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fenglish%2Fvbcqpr00000004qn-att%2FISO-IR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheifler1989" class="citation cs1">Scheifler, Robert W. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.x.org/releases/current/doc/xorg-docs/ctext/ctext.html">Compound Text Encoding</a> (X Consortium Standard). <a href="/wiki/X_Consortium" class="mw-redirect" title="X Consortium">X Consortium</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compound+Text+Encoding&rft.pub=X+Consortium&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Scheifler&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.x.org%2Freleases%2Fcurrent%2Fdoc%2Fxorg-docs%2Fctext%2Fctext.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWHATWG_Encoding_Standard" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_van_Kesteren" title="Anne van Kesteren">van Kesteren, Anne</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/">WHATWG Encoding Standard</a> (WHATWG Living Standard). <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WHATWG+Encoding+Standard&rft.pub=WHATWG&rft.aulast=van+Kesteren&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencoding.spec.whatwg.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Registered_code_sets_cited">Registered code sets cited</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Registered code sets cited">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-11975" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC 97/SC 2</a> (1975-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/001.pdf">ISO-IR-1: The set of control characters of the ISO 646</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-1%3A+The+set+of+control+characters+of+the+ISO+646&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1975-12-01&rft.au=ISO%2FTC+97%2FSC+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-71975" class="citation cs1">Sveriges Standardiseringskommission (1975-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/007.pdf">ISO-IR-7: NATS Control set for newspaper text transmission</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-7%3A+NATS+Control+set+for+newspaper+text+transmission&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1975-12-01&rft.au=Sveriges+Standardiseringskommission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-141975" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Industrial_Standards_Committee" title="Japanese Industrial Standards Committee">Japanese Industrial Standards Committee</a> (1975-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/014.pdf">ISO-IR-14: The Japanese Roman graphic set of characters</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-14%3A+The+Japanese+Roman+graphic+set+of+characters&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1975-12-01&rft.au=Japanese+Industrial+Standards+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-261976" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Press_Telecommunications_Council" title="International Press Telecommunications Council">IPTC</a> (1976-03-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/026.pdf">ISO-IR-26: Control set for newspaper text transmission</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-26%3A+Control+set+for+newspaper+text+transmission&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1976-03-25&rft.au=IPTC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F026.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-361977" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC 97/SC 2</a> (1977-10-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/036.pdf">ISO-IR-36: The set of control characters of ISO 646, with IS4 replaced by Single Shift for G2 (SS2)</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-36%3A+The+set+of+control+characters+of+ISO+646%2C+with+IS4+replaced+by+Single+Shift+for+G2+%28SS2%29&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1977-10-15&rft.au=ISO%2FTC+97%2FSC+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F036.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1041985" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC97/SC2/WG-7</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1985-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/104.pdf">ISO-IR-104: Minimum C0 set for ISO 4873</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-104%3A+Minimum+C0+set+for+ISO+4873&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1985-08-01&rft.au=ISO%2FTC97%2FSC2%2FWG-7&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F104.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1051985" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC97/SC2/WG-7</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1985-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/105.pdf">ISO-IR-105: Minimum C1 Set for ISO 4873</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-105%3A+Minimum+C1+Set+for+ISO+4873&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1985-08-01&rft.au=ISO%2FTC97%2FSC2%2FWG-7&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F105.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1061985" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a> (1985-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/106.pdf">ISO-IR-106: Teletex Primary Set of Control Functions</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-106%3A+Teletex+Primary+Set+of+Control+Functions&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1985-08-01&rft.au=ITU&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F106.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1401987" class="citation cs1">Úřad pro normalizaci a měřeni (1987-07-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/140.pdf">ISO-IR-140: The C0 Set of Control Characters of ISO 646, with EM replaced by SS2</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-140%3A+The+C0+Set+of+Control+Characters+of+ISO+646%2C+with+EM+replaced+by+SS2&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1987-07-31&rft.au=%C3%9A%C5%99ad+pro+normalizaci+a+m%C4%9B%C5%99eni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F140.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1491988" class="citation cs1">Korea Bureau of Standards (1988-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/149.pdf">ISO-IR-149: Korean Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange (KS C 5601:1987)</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-149%3A+Korean+Graphic+Character+Set+for+Information+Interchange+%28KS+C+5601%3A1987%29&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.au=Korea+Bureau+of+Standards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F149.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1551990" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/IEC/JTC1/SC2/WG3</a> (1990-04-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/155.pdf">ISO-IR-155: Basic Box-Drawings Set</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-155%3A+Basic+Box-Drawings+Set&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1990-04-16&rft.au=ISO%2FIEC%2FJTC1%2FSC2%2FWG3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F155.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1641992" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/CCITT" class="mw-redirect" title="CCITT">CCITT</a> (1992-07-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/164.pdf">ISO-IR-164: Hebrew Supplementary Set of Graphic Characters</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-164%3A+Hebrew+Supplementary+Set+of+Graphic+Characters&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1992-07-13&rft.au=CCITT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F164.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1921996" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1996-04-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/192.pdf">ISO-IR-192: UCS Transformation Format (UTF-8), implementation level 3, without standard return</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-192%3A+UCS+Transformation+Format+%28UTF-8%29%2C+implementation+level+3%2C+without+standard+return&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1996-04-22&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F192.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1951996" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1996-04-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/195.pdf">ISO-IR-195: UCS Transformation Format (UTF-16), implementation level 3, without standard return</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-195%3A+UCS+Transformation+Format+%28UTF-16%29%2C+implementation+level+3%2C+without+standard+return&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1996-04-22&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F195.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1961996" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1996-04-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/196.pdf">ISO-IR-196: UCS Transformation Format (UTF-8), with standard return</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-196%3A+UCS+Transformation+Format+%28UTF-8%29%2C+with+standard+return&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1996-04-22&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F196.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-2081999" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Standards_Authority_of_Ireland" title="National Standards Authority of Ireland">National Standards Authority of Ireland</a> (1999-12-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/208.pdf">ISO-IR-208: Ogham coded character set for information interchange</a> (PDF). ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO-IR-208%3A+Ogham+coded+character+set+for+information+interchange.&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1999-12-07&rft.au=National+Standards+Authority+of+Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F208.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Requests_For_Comment_cited">Internet Requests For Comment cited</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Internet Requests For Comment cited">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRFC_14681993" class="citation cs1">Murai, J.; Crispin, M.; van der Poel, E. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1468">"RFC 1468: Japanese Character Encoding for Internet Messages"</a>. Requests for Comments. <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2Frfc1468">10.17487/rfc1468</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Requests+for+Comments&rft.atitle=RFC+1468%3A+Japanese+Character+Encoding+for+Internet+Messages&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2Frfc1468&rft.aulast=Murai&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Crispin%2C+M.&rft.au=van+der+Poel%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc1468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRFC_15541993" class="citation cs1">Ohta, M.; Handa, K. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1554">"RFC 1554: ISO-2022-JP-2: Multilingual Extension of ISO-2022-JP"</a>. Requests for Comments. <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2Frfc1554">10.17487/rfc1554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Requests+for+Comments&rft.atitle=RFC+1554%3A+ISO-2022-JP-2%3A+Multilingual+Extension+of+ISO-2022-JP&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2Frfc1554&rft.aulast=Ohta&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Handa%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc1554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRFC_15571993" class="citation cs1">Choi, U.; Chon, K.; Park, H. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1557">"RFC 1557: Korean Character Encoding for Internet Messages"</a>. Requests for Comments. <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2Frfc1557">10.17487/rfc1557</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Requests+for+Comments&rft.atitle=RFC+1557%3A+Korean+Character+Encoding+for+Internet+Messages&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2Frfc1557&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=U.&rft.au=Chon%2C+K.&rft.au=Park%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc1557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRFC_19221996" class="citation cs1">Zhu, HF.; Hu, DY.; Wang, ZG.; Kao, TC.; Chang, WCH.; Crispin, M. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1922">"RFC 1922: Chinese Character Encoding for Internet Messages"</a>. Requests for Comments. <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2Frfc1922">10.17487/rfc1922</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Requests+for+Comments&rft.atitle=RFC+1922%3A+Chinese+Character+Encoding+for+Internet+Messages&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2Frfc1922&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=HF.&rft.au=Hu%2C+DY.&rft.au=Wang%2C+ZG.&rft.au=Kao%2C+TC.&rft.au=Chang%2C+WCH.&rft.au=Crispin%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRFC_22371997" class="citation cs1">Tamaru, K. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2237">"RFC 2237: Japanese Character Encoding for Internet Messages"</a>. Requests for Comments. <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2Frfc2237">10.17487/rfc2237</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Requests+for+Comments&rft.atitle=RFC+2237%3A+Japanese+Character+Encoding+for+Internet+Messages&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2Frfc2237&rft.aulast=Tamaru&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc2237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_published_works_cited">Other published works cited</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Other published works cited">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunde2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Lunde" title="Ken Lunde">Lunde, Ken</a> (2008). CJKV Information Processing (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly Media</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780596514471" title="Special:BookSources/9780596514471"><bdi>9780596514471</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CJKV+Information+Processing&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780596514471&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunde1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Lunde" title="Ken Lunde">Lunde, Ken</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cjkvinformationp00lund">CJKV Information Processing</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly & Associates</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56592-224-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-56592-224-7"><bdi>1-56592-224-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CJKV+Information+Processing&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+%26+Associates&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-56592-224-7&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcjkvinformationp00lund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+2022" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_2022&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=22747">ISO/IEC 2022:1994</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=31104">ISO/IEC 2022:1994/Cor 1:1999</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-35/">ECMA-35</a>, equivalent to ISO/IEC 2022 and freely downloadable.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/english/vbcqpr00000004qn-att/ISO-IR.pdf">International Register of Coded Character Sets to be Used with Escape Sequences</a>, a full list of assigned character sets and their escape sequences</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001216022100/http://tronweb.super-nova.co.jp/characcodehist.html">History of Character Codes in North America, Europe, and East Asia from 1999, rev. 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Lunde" title="Ken Lunde">Ken Lunde</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.monash.edu/~jwb/cjk.inf">CJK.INF</a>: a document on encoding Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages, including a discussion of the various variants of ISO/IEC 2022.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Character_encodings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Character_encodings" title="Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Character_encodings" title="Template talk:Character encodings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Character_encodings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Character_encodings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encodings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooke_and_Wheatstone_telegraph#Codes" title="Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph">Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code_for_non-Latin_alphabets" title="Morse code for non-Latin alphabets">Non-Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabun_code" title="Wabun code">Wabun/Kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_telegraph_code" title="Chinese telegraph code">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Morse_code" title="Russian Morse code">Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baudot_code" title="Baudot code">Baudot and Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCD_(character_encoding)" title="BCD (character encoding)">BCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletex" title="Teletex">Teletex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T.51/ISO/IEC_6937" title="T.51/ISO/IEC 6937">T.51/ISO/IEC 6937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_T.61" title="ITU T.61">ITU T.61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotex_character_set" title="Videotex character set">ITU T.101</a></li> <li>World System Teletext <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">sets</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcode_(character_encoding)" title="Transcode (character encoding)">Transcode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Approved parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1 (Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2 (Central Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3 (Maltese/Esperanto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4 (North Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5 (Cyrillic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6 (Arabic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7 (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8 (Hebrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9 (Turkish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10 (Nordic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11 (Thai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13 (Baltic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14 (Celtic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15 (New Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16 (Romanian)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Abandoned parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12 (Devanagari)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Proposed but not approved <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-111" title="ISO-IR-111">KOI-8 Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-197" title="ISO-IR-197">Sámi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Adaptations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-182" title="ISO-IR-182">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-200" title="ISO-IR-200">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">Ukrainian Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bibliographic use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MARC-8" title="MARC-8">MARC-8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSEL" title="ANSEL">ANSEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Character_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange">CCCII/EACC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">ISO 5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6862" title="ISO 6862">6862</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">ArmSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BraSCII" title="BraSCII">BraSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_66003" title="DIN 66003">DIN 66003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELOT_927" title="ELOT 927">ELOT 927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST_10859" title="GOST 10859">GOST 10859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12345" title="GB 12345">GB 12345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12052" title="GB 12052">GB 12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">HKSCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Indian Script Code for Information Interchange">ISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-7" title="KOI-7">KOI-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1002" title="KS X 1002">KS X 1002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1564" title="LST 1564">LST 1564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1590-4" title="LST 1590-4">LST 1590-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange">PASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Industrial_Standard_620-2533" title="Thai Industrial Standard 620-2533">TIS-620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Tamil Script Code for Information Interchange">TSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VISCII" title="VISCII">VISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSCII" title="VSCII">VSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YUSCII" title="YUSCII">YUSCII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ISO/IEC 2022</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10367" title="ISO/IEC 10367">ISO/IEC 10367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code / EUC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mac OS <a href="/wiki/Code_page" title="Code page">Code pages</a> ("scripts")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Armenian" title="Mac OS Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArabic_encoding" title="MacArabic encoding">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Barents_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Barents Cyrillic">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Celtic" title="Mac OS Celtic">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Central_European_encoding" title="Mac OS Central European encoding">Central European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Croatian_encoding" title="Mac OS Croatian encoding">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Cyrillic_encoding" title="Mac OS Cyrillic encoding">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Devanagari_encoding" title="Mac OS Devanagari encoding">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacFarsi_encoding" title="MacFarsi encoding">Farsi (Persian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Font_X_encoding" title="Macintosh Font X encoding">Font X (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gaelic" title="Mac OS Gaelic">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Georgian" title="Mac OS Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacGreek_encoding" title="MacGreek encoding">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gujarati" title="Mac OS Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gurmukhi" title="Mac OS Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Hebrew" title="Mac OS Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Icelandic_encoding" title="Mac OS Icelandic encoding">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Inuit" title="Mac OS Inuit">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Keyboard_encoding" title="Mac OS Keyboard encoding">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Latin_encoding" title="Macintosh Latin encoding">Latin (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Maltese/Esperanto_encoding" title="Mac OS Maltese/Esperanto encoding">Maltese/Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ogham" title="Mac OS Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Roman" title="Mac OS Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Romanian_encoding" title="Mac OS Romanian encoding">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_S%C3%A1mi" title="Mac OS Sámi">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkish_encoding" title="Mac OS Turkish encoding">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkic_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Turkic Cyrillic">Turkic Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ukrainian_encoding" title="Mac OS Ukrainian encoding">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT100_encoding" title="VT100 encoding">VT100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DOS code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">437</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_668" title="Code page 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_708" title="Code page 708">708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_720" title="Code page 720">720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_737" title="Code page 737">737</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_770" title="Code page 770">770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_773" title="Code page 773">773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_775" title="Code page 775">775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_776" title="Code page 776">776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_777" title="Code page 777">777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_778" title="Code page 778">778</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_850" title="Code page 850">850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_851" title="Code page 851">851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_852" title="Code page 852">852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_853" title="Code page 853">853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_855" title="Code page 855">855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_856" title="Code page 856">856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_857" title="Code page 857">857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_858" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 858">858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_859" title="Code page 859">859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_860" title="Code page 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_861" title="Code page 861">861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_862" title="Code page 862">862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_863" title="Code page 863">863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_864" title="Code page 864">864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_865" title="Code page 865">865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_866" title="Code page 866">866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_867" title="Code page 867">867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_868" title="Code page 868">868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_869" title="Code page 869">869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_897" title="Code page 897">897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_899" title="Code page 899">899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_903" title="Code page 903">903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_904" title="Code page 904">904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(IBM)" title="Code page 932 (IBM)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(IBM)" title="Code page 936 (IBM)">936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_942" title="Code page 942">942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_949_(IBM)" title="Code page 949 (IBM)">949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_951" title="Code page 951">951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1034" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1034">1034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1040" title="Code page 1040">1040</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1042" title="Code page 1042">1042</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1043" title="Code page 1043">1043</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1044" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1044">1044</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1098" title="Code page 1098">1098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1115" title="Code page 1115">1115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1116" title="Code page 1116">1116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1117" title="Code page 1117">1117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1118" title="Code page 1118">1118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1127" title="Code page 1127">1127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_3846" title="Code page 3846">3846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS_Indic_character_set" title="CS Indic character set">CS Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX_Indic_character_set" title="CSX Indic character set">CSX Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX%2B_Indic_character_set" title="CSX+ Indic character set">CSX+ Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CWI-2" title="CWI-2">CWI-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_System_encoding" title="Iran System encoding">Iran System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenick%C3%BD_encoding" title="Kamenický encoding">Kamenický</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazovia_encoding" title="Mazovia encoding">Mazovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIK_(character_set)" title="MIK (character set)">MIK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">IBM AIX code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_895" title="Code page 895">895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_896" title="Code page 896">896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_912" title="Code page 912">912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_915" title="Code page 915">915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_921" title="Code page 921">921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1006" title="Code page 1006">1006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1008" title="Code page 1008">1008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1009" title="Code page 1009">1009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1010" title="Code page 1010">1010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1012" title="Code page 1012">1012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1013" title="Code page 1013">1013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1014" title="Code page 1014">1014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1015" title="Code page 1015">1015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1016" title="Code page 1016">1016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1017" title="Code page 1017">1017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1018" title="Code page 1018">1018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1019" title="Code page 1019">1019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1046" title="Code page 1046">1046</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">1124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1133" title="Code page 1133">1133</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_code_page" title="Windows code page">Windows code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CER-GS" title="CER-GS">CER-GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)">936</a> (<a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1169" title="Code page 1169">1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Latin-8" title="Extended Latin-8">Extended Latin-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1250" title="Windows-1250">1250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1251" title="Windows-1251">1251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">1252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1253" title="Windows-1253">1253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1254" title="Windows-1254">1254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1255" title="Windows-1255">1255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1256" title="Windows-1256">1256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1257" title="Windows-1257">1257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1258" title="Windows-1258">1258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1270" title="Windows-1270">1270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_Finnish" title="Windows Cyrillic + Finnish">Cyrillic + Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_French" title="Windows Cyrillic + French">Cyrillic + French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_German" title="Windows Cyrillic + German">Cyrillic + German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Polytonic_Greek" title="Windows Polytonic Greek">Polytonic Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_in_EBCDIC" title="Japanese language in EBCDIC">Japanese language in EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">DKOI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> terminals (<a href="/wiki/VT220" title="VT220">VTx</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Multinational (MCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">National Replacement (NRCS)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1020" title="Code page 1020">French Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1021" title="Code page 1021">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1023" title="Code page 1023">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1101" title="Code page 1101">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1102" title="Code page 1102">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1103" title="Code page 1103">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1104" title="Code page 1104">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1105" title="Code page 1105">Norwegian and Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1106" title="Code page 1106">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1107" title="Code page 1107">Norwegian and Danish (alternative)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1287" title="Code page 1287">8-bit Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1288" title="Code page 1288">8-bit Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Hebrew" title="DEC Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">Special Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Technical_Character_Set" title="DEC Technical Character Set">Technical (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platform specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1052" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1052">1052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1053" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1053">1053</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1054" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1054">1054</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1055" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1055">1055</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Code_page_1056&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Code page 1056 (page does not exist)">1056</a></li> <li>1057</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1058" title="Code page 1058">1058</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISC_OS_character_set" title="RISC OS character set">Acorn RISC OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CPC_character_set" title="Amstrad CPC character set">Amstrad CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_character_set" title="Apple II character set">Apple II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATASCII" title="ATASCII">ATASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_ST_character_set" title="Atari ST character set">Atari ST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitstream_International_Character_Set" title="Bitstream International Character Set">BICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_calculator_character_sets" title="Casio calculator character sets">Casio calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDC_display_code" title="CDC display code">CDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intecolor/Compucolor_8001_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Intecolor/Compucolor 8001 character set">Compucolor 8001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compucolor_II_character_set" title="Compucolor II character set">Compucolor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CP/M_Plus_character_set" title="Amstrad CP/M Plus character set">CP/M+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_RADIX_50" title="DEC RADIX 50">DEC RADIX 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">DEC MCS</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">NRCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DG_International" title="DG International">DG International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaksija_(computer)#Character_ROM" title="Galaksija (computer)">Galaksija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEM_character_set" title="GEM character set">GEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM_03.38" title="GSM 03.38">GSM 03.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Roman" title="HP Roman">HP Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOCAL_character_set" title="FOCAL character set">HP FOCAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPL_character_set" title="RPL character set">HP RPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQUOZE#Identifier_name_character_encoding" title="SQUOZE">SQUOZE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_International_Character_Set" title="Lotus International Character Set">LICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Multi-Byte_Character_Set" title="Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set">LMBCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX_character_set" title="MSX character set">MSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC_APC_character_set" title="NEC APC character set">NEC APC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT_character_set" title="NeXT character set">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PETSCII" title="PETSCII">PETSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Standard_Encoding" title="PostScript Standard Encoding">PostScript Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Latin_1_Encoding" title="PostScript Latin 1 Encoding">PostScript Latin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAM_Coup%C3%A9_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="SAM Coupé character set">SAM Coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_SC-3000_character_set" title="Sega SC-3000 character set">Sega SC-3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_pocket_computer_character_sets" title="Sharp pocket computer character sets">Sharp calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_MZ_character_set" title="Sharp MZ character set">Sharp MZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QL_character_set" title="Sinclair QL character set">Sinclair QL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_calculator_character_sets" title="TI calculator character sets">TI calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRS-80_character_set" title="TRS-80 character set">TRS-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_International" title="Ventura International">Ventura International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_International_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Wang International Standard Code for Information Interchange">WISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_Character_Code_Standard" title="Xerox Character Code Standard">XCCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX80_character_set" title="ZX80 character set">ZX80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX81_character_set" title="ZX81 character set">ZX81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX_Spectrum_character_set" title="ZX Spectrum character set">ZX Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> / <a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">ISO/IEC 10646</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-7" title="UTF-7">UTF-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Ordered_Compression_for_Unicode" title="Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode">BOCU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CESU-8" title="CESU-8">CESU-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Compression_Scheme_for_Unicode" title="Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode">SCSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_All_Character_Encoding" title="Tamil All Character Encoding">TACE16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of Unicode encodings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> typesetting system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_encoding" title="Cork encoding">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY1_encoding" title="LY1 encoding">LY1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OML_encoding" title="OML encoding">OML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_encoding" title="OMS encoding">OMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OT1_encoding" title="OT1 encoding">OT1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">ASMO 449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_encoding_of_APL_symbols" title="Digital encoding of APL symbols">Digital encoding of APL symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-68" title="ISO-IR-68">ISO-IR-68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIB_STD_B24_character_set" title="ARIB STD B24 character set">ARIB STD-B24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HZ_(character_encoding)" title="HZ (character encoding)">HZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC-P27-1" title="IEC-P27-1">IEC-P27-1</a></li> <li>INIS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INIS_character_set" title="INIS character set">7-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INIS-8" title="INIS-8">8-bit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-169" title="ISO-IR-169">ISO-IR-169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">ISO 2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI_character_encodings" title="KOI character encodings">KOI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-R" title="KOI8-R">KOI8-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-RU" title="KOI8-RU">KOI8-RU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-U" title="KOI8-U">KOI8-U</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojiky%C5%8D" title="Mojikyō">Mojikyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Extended_ASCII" title="Stanford Extended ASCII">SEASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford/ITS_character_set" title="Stanford/ITS character set">Stanford/ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol_(typeface)" title="Symbol (typeface)">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRON_(encoding)" title="TRON (encoding)">TRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">Control character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosigns_for_Morse_code" title="Prosigns for Morse code">Morse prosigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ISO/IEC 6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0211" title="JIS X 0211">JIS X 0211</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_control_characters" title="Unicode control characters">Unicode control, format and separator characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCSID" title="CCSID">CCSID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings in HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charset_detection" title="Charset detection">Charset detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_code_page" title="Hardware code page">Hardware code page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">MICR code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">Mojibake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">Variable-length encoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Character_sets" title="Category:Character sets">Character sets</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Standards_of_Ecma_International" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ecma_International_Standards" title="Template:Ecma International Standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ecma_International_Standards" title="Template talk:Ecma International Standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ecma_International_Standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ecma International Standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Standards_of_Ecma_International" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Standards of <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Application interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ANSI escape code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application_Programming_Interface_for_Windows" title="Application Programming Interface for Windows">APIW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">OpenXPS</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Ecma_International_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/100px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/150px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/200px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="54" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File systems (tape)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Intelligent_Tape" title="Advanced Intelligent Tape">Advanced Intelligent Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Data_Storage" title="Digital Data Storage">DDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">DLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">Super DLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">Linear Tape-Open</a> (Ultrium-1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VXA" title="VXA">VXA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File systems (disk)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">CD File System</a> (CDFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FAT12" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT12">FAT12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAT16" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT16">FAT16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAT16B" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT16B">FAT16B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">FD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Density_Optical" title="Ultra Density Optical">Ultra Density Optical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">Universal Media Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_Versatile_Disc" title="Holographic Versatile Disc">Holographic Versatile Disc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_3D" title="Universal 3D">Universal 3D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)" title="Eiffel (programming language)">Eiffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> (<a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">E4X</a>, <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">Minimal BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">Full BASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio link interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">NFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-wideband" title="Ultra-wideband">UWB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ECMA-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ecma_standards" title="List of Ecma standards">List of Ecma standards</a> (1961 – present)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_standards" title="Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ISO_standards" title="Template talk:ISO standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ISO_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> standards by standard number</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">ISO standards</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO romanizations</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2" title="ISO 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31" title="ISO 31">31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-0" title="ISO 31-0">-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-3" title="ISO 31-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-4" title="ISO 31-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-5" title="ISO 31-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-6" title="ISO 31-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-7" title="ISO 31-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-8" title="ISO 31-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-10" title="ISO 31-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-13" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-13">-13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">68-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_217" title="ISO 217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-loudness_contour" title="Equal-loudness contour">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_number" title="Kappa number">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicat_softening_point" title="Vicat softening point">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_symbol#Ionizing_radiation_symbol" title="Hazard symbol">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prontor-Compur" title="Prontor-Compur">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">639</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_657" title="ISO 657">657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_668" title="ISO 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_690" title="ISO 690">690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_704" title="ISO 704">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_732" title="ISO 732">732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimagnetic_watch" title="Antimagnetic watch">764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_860" title="ISO 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_898" title="ISO 898">898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_965" title="ISO 965">965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_999" title="ISO 999">999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1000" title="ISO 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">1004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">1007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-A" title="OCR-A">1073-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-B" title="OCR-B">1073-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check" title="Longitudinal redundancy check">1155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock-resistant_watch#ISO_1413_shock-resistant_standard" title="Shock-resistant watch">1413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1629" title="ISO 1629">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1745" title="ISO 1745">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2014" title="ISO 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2015" title="ISO 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2047" title="ISO 2047">2047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">2108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2145" title="ISO 2145">2145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2146" title="ISO 2146">2146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">2281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere">2533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2709" title="ISO 2709">2709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2711" title="ISO 2711">2711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2788" title="ISO 2788">2788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2848" title="ISO 2848">2848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2852" title="ISO 2852">2852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2921" title="ISO 2921">2921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">3029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">3103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">3166</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-3" title="ISO 3166-3">-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">3297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3307" title="ISO 3307">3307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">3601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">3602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3864" title="ISO 3864">3864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">3901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation_notation" title="FDI World Dental Federation notation">3950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3977" title="ISO 3977">3977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4031" title="ISO 4031">4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4157" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 4157">4157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4165" title="ISO 4165">4165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">4217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">5725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5775" title="ISO 5775">5775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5776" title="ISO 5776">5776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">5800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">5807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5964" title="ISO 5964">5964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">6166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6344" title="ISO 6344">6344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6346" title="ISO 6346">6346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">6373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6385" title="ISO 6385">6385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">6425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">6709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6943" title="ISO 6943">6943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7001" title="ISO 7001">7001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7002" title="ISO 7002">7002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7010" title="ISO 7010">7010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7027" title="ISO 7027">7027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7064" title="ISO/IEC 7064">7064</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">7098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">7185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7200" title="ISO 7200">7200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">7498</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7637" title="ISO 7637">7637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">7736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8000" title="ISO 8000">8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">8093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8178" title="ISO 8178">8178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">8217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8373" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8373">8373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8501-1" title="ISO 8501-1">8501-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTAM" title="FTAM">8571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">8583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8691" title="ISO 8691">8691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8805/8806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification">8807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse (automotive)">8820-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I" title="ISO-8859-8-I">-8-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">8879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9000">9000/9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">9036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">9075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">9141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_spray_test" title="Salt spray test">9227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9241" title="ISO 9241">9241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface" title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface">9314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">9362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">9407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Message_Specification" title="Manufacturing Message Specification">9506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9564" title="ISO 9564">9564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592/9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.500" title="X.500">9594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9797-1" title="ISO/IEC 9797-1">9797-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9897" title="ISO 9897">9897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">9984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">9985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10006" title="ISO 10006">10006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10007" title="ISO 10007">10007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_(hash_function)" title="Whirlpool (hash function)">10118-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10160" title="ISO 10160">10160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10161" title="ISO 10161">10161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)#ISO/IEC_10206:1990_Extended_Pascal" title="Pascal (programming language)">10206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10218" title="ISO 10218">10218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">10303</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-21" title="ISO 10303-21">-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-22" title="ISO 10303-22">-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-28" title="ISO 10303-28">-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">-238</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Identifier_Code" title="Market Identifier Code">10383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">10585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS">10589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10628" title="ISO 10628">10628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">10664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-ODP" title="RM-ODP">10746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">10861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">10957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10962" title="ISO 10962">10962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" title="ISO/IEEE 11073">11073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11170" title="ISO 11170">11170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11783" title="ISO 11783">11783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module" title="Trusted Platform Module">11889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAN_bus#CAN_lower-layer_standards" title="CAN bus">11898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">11940</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_11940-2" title="ISO 11940-2">-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941 (TR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11992" title="ISO 11992">11992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_12006" title="ISO 12006">12006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM">12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182">12182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">12234-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_categories#ISO_12620_(ISO_TC37_Data_Category_Registry,_ISOcat)" title="Linguistic categories">12620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">13211</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isofix" title="Isofix">13216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13399" title="ISO 13399">13399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13406-2" title="ISO 13406-2">13406-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">13450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13485" title="ISO 13485">13485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13567" title="ISO 13567">13567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13584" title="ISO 13584">13584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">13616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 14000">14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">14031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14224" title="ISO 14224">14224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/UA" title="PDF/UA">14289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">14396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14617" title="ISO 14617">14617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14644" title="ISO 14644">14644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">14649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14698" title="ISO 14698">14698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14971" title="ISO 14971">14971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15022" title="ISO 15022">15022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15189" title="ISO 15189">15189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15398" title="ISO 15398">15398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPIP" title="JPIP">-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">15438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15686" title="ISO 15686">15686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">15706</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">15707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">15919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">15924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926" title="ISO 15926">15926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926_WIP" title="ISO 15926 WIP">15926 WIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/X" title="PDF/X">15930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">16023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_function_deployment" title="Quality function deployment">16355-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/VT" title="PDF/VT">16612-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_16750" title="ISO 16750">16750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IATF_16949" title="IATF 16949">16949 (TS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_17100" title="ISO 17100">17100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format" title="Open Virtualization Format">17203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDMX" title="SDMX">17369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" title="Legal Entity Identifier">17442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLLADA" title="COLLADA">17506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">17799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_18245" title="ISO 18245">18245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" title="Process Specification Language">18629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_Activity_Test" title="Photographic Activity Test">18916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">19005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19011" title="ISO 19011">19011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">19092</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-2">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19114" title="ISO 19114">19114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_metadata#ISO_19115:_Geographic_information_–_Metadata" title="Geospatial metadata">19115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">19125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language#ISO_19136" title="Geography Markup Language">19136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">19407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19439" title="ISO 19439">19439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Object_Request_Broker_Architecture" title="Common Object Request Broker Architecture">19500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel" title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel">19506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" title="Object Constraint Language">19507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation" title="Business Process Model and Notation">19510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19600" title="ISO 19600">19600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">19775-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19794-5" title="ISO/IEC 19794-5">19794-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface" title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface">19831</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000–29999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20022" title="ISO 20022">20022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20121" title="ISO 20121">20121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20400" title="ISO 20400">20400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xin_code" title="Han Xin code">20830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21001" title="ISO 21001">21001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">21047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">21122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21500" title="ISO 21500">21500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22300" title="ISO 22300">22300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22301" title="ISO 22301">22301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22395" title="ISO 22395">22395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">23009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">23090-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">23092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">23094-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">23094-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">23271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">23941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/E" title="PDF/E">24517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexical_Markup_Framework" title="Lexical Markup Framework">24613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-TimeML" title="ISO-TimeML">24617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">24728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25178" title="ISO 25178">25178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25964" title="ISO 25964">25964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">26262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">26324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">27001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27005" title="ISO/IEC 27005">27005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27006" title="ISO/IEC 27006">27006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">27729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_28000" title="ISO 28000">28000</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">29148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">29199-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">29500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">30170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">32000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_37001" title="ISO 37001">37001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">40500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_50001" title="ISO 50001">50001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_55000" title="ISO 55000">55000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_56000" title="ISO 56000">56000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_IEC_standards" title="Template:List of IEC standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_IEC_standards" title="Template talk:List of IEC standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_IEC_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of IEC standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="IEC_standards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IEC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60027" title="IEC 60027">60027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60034" title="IEC 60034">60034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60038" title="IEC 60038">60038</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RKM_code" title="RKM code">60062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_series_of_preferred_numbers" title="E series of preferred numbers">60063</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60068" title="IEC 60068">60068</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_Tracking_Index" title="Comparative Tracking Index">60112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60228" title="IEC 60228">60228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60269" title="IEC 60269">60269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">60297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60309" title="IEC 60309">60309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60320" title="IEC 60320">60320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60364" title="IEC 60364">60364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60446" title="IEC 60446">60446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_754" title="IEEE 754">60559</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60601" title="IEC 60601">60601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870" title="IEC 60870">60870</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870-5" title="IEC 60870-5">60870-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870-6" title="IEC 60870-6">60870-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60906-1" title="IEC 60906-1">60906-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">60908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60929" title="IEC 60929">60929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">60958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_60980-344&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEC 60980-344 (page does not exist)">60980-344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61030" title="IEC 61030">61030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61131" title="IEC 61131">61131</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61131-3" title="IEC 61131-3">61131-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IO-Link" title="IO-Link">61131-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">61158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61162" title="IEC 61162">61162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61334" title="IEC 61334">61334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61355" title="IEC 61355">61355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61360" title="IEC 61360">61360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61400" title="IEC 61400">61400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61499" title="IEC 61499">61499</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61508" title="IEC 61508">61508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61511" title="IEC 61511">61511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">61784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61850" title="IEC 61850">61850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61851" title="IEC 61851">61851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61883" title="IEC 61883">61883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_nomenclature" title="Battery nomenclature">61960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61968" title="IEC 61968">61968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61970" title="IEC 61970">61970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP-XACT" title="IP-XACT">62014-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">62026</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62056" title="IEC 62056">62056</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62061" title="IEC 62061">62061</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62196" title="IEC 62196">62196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_62262" title="EN 62262">62262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62264" title="IEC 62264">62264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62304" title="IEC 62304">62304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62325" title="IEC 62325">62325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62351" title="IEC 62351">62351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES47" title="AES47">62365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62366" title="IEC 62366">62366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62379" title="IEC 62379">62379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Addressable_Lighting_Interface" title="Digital Addressable Lighting Interface">62386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62455" title="IEC 62455">62455</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">62680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62682" title="IEC 62682">62682</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62700" title="IEC 62700">62700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63110" title="IEC 63110">63110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63119" title="IEC 63119">63119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63382" title="IEC 63382">63382</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ISO/IEC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10021" title="ISO/IEC 10021">10021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">13346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHEG-5" title="MHEG-5">13522-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19788" title="ISO/IEC 19788">19788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24727" title="ISO/IEC 24727">24727</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24744" title="ISO/IEC 24744">24744</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Remote_Console" title="Universal Remote Console">24752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000-series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27040" title="ISO/IEC 27040">27040</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_29119" title="ISO/IEC 29119">29119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_33001" title="ISO/IEC 33001">33001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_81346" title="IEC 81346">81346</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International 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alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-9x24j","wgBackendResponseTime":203,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.211","walltime":"2.512","ppvisitednodes":{"value":19285,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":321888,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":22062,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":89,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":365933,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2028.790 1 -total"," 27.06% 548.939 2 Template:Reflist"," 16.89% 342.759 10 Template:Efn"," 16.21% 328.818 30 Template:Citation"," 10.24% 207.680 121 Template:Harvp"," 7.49% 151.876 31 Template:Cite_web"," 6.95% 141.037 3 Template:Langx"," 6.90% 139.885 17 Template:Cite_iso-ir"," 5.71% 115.840 1 Template:Infobox_character_encoding"," 5.58% 113.301 80 Template:Code"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.038","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24445514,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"ACS\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026#82;FC_14681993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026#82;FC_15541993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026#82;FC_15571993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026#82;FC_19221996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026#82;FC_22371997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFARIB_STD-B242008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChang\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavisSuignard2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDigital\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFECMA-1442000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFECMA-351980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFECMA-351994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFECMA-431985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFECMA-431991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFECMA-481991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFETS_300_7061997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoogle_Inc.2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIBM\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPTC1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFISO-IR\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFISO/IEC_106462017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFISO/IEC_23752003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFISO/IEC_FDIS_8859-101998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFITU-T1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKawasaki2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLunde1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLunde2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMascheckLe_BretonHamilton\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoyGildeaDickey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrintronix2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScheifler1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSivonen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWHATWG_Encoding_Standard\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_Wingen1999\"] = 1,\n [\"ISO-2022-JP-1\"] = 1,\n [\"ISO-2022-JP-2004\"] = 1,\n [\"ISO-2022-JP-3\"] = 1,\n [\"ISO-2022-JP-EXT\"] = 1,\n [\"ISO-IR\"] = 1,\n [\"Replacement_encoding\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Anchor\"] = 6,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"CJKV\"] = 1,\n [\"Character encoding\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 13,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite iso-ir\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 31,\n [\"Code\"] = 80,\n [\"Ctrl\"] = 7,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:ISO IEC 2022\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Ecma International Standards\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 10,\n [\"Further\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 18,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 121,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 4,\n [\"Hr\"] = 1,\n [\"ISO standards\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox character encoding\"] = 1,\n [\"Korean\"] = 3,\n [\"Lang-zh\"] = 2,\n [\"Langx\"] = 3,\n [\"List of International Electrotechnical Commission standards\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 13,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 11,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Serif\"] = 11,\n [\"Sfn whitelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Oxford spelling\"] = 1,\n [\"Var\"] = 106,\n [\"Visible anchor\"] = 5,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFISO-IR-1041985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFISO-IR-1051985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFISO-IR-1061985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFISO-IR-11975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFISO-IR-1401987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFISO-IR-141975\"] = 1,\n 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