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Britannica Australia - Reference & Education Publishing

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<div class="cell module-heading__content"> <h2>Latest from Britannica</h2> <hr /> <a class='button button-orange' href='https://corporate.britannica.com/press-releases/' target='_self'>Read all</a> </div> <div class="cell"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x module-17__posts-container"> <div class="cell large-6"> <a class="module-17__feature-image" href="https://corporate.britannica.com/press-releases/britannica-names-tracy-grant-editor-in-chief/" target="_blank" style="background-image: url(https://britannica.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/TracyGrant-1-1024x683-1.jpg);"></a> <div class="module-17__featured-article-container"> <div class="module-17__category-container"><span class="module-17__category">News</span></div> <h4> <a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/press-releases/britannica-names-tracy-grant-editor-in-chief/" target="_blank"> Britannica Names Tracy Grant Editor-in-Chief </a> </h4> <p> <a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/press-releases/britannica-names-tracy-grant-editor-in-chief/" target="_blank"> Veteran Washington Post editor takes the editorial reins of a publisher and media company with expanding global initiatives. </a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="cell large-6"> <div class="module-17__latest-posts"> <div class="module-17__latest-article-container"> <div class="module-17__category-container"><span class="module-17__category">News</span></div> <h4> <a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/press-releases/britannica-donates-childrens-encyclopedias-to-singapores-national-library/" target="_blank"> Britannica Donates Children’s Encyclopedias to Singapore’s National Library </a> </h4> <p> <a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/press-releases/britannica-donates-childrens-encyclopedias-to-singapores-national-library/" target="_blank"> Encyclopaedia Britannica today announced that it has donated copies of its new one-volume children’s encyclopedia to the National Library Board of Singapore, the books are to be made available to the Singapore’s public libraries and mobile and van-based services. </a> </p> </div> <div class="module-17__latest-article-container"> <div class="module-17__category-container"><span class="module-17__category">News</span></div> <h4> <a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/press-releases/britannica-donates-childrens-encyclopedias-to-philippines-national-library/" target="_blank"> Britannica Donates Children’s Encyclopedias to Philippines’ National Library </a> </h4> <p> <a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/press-releases/britannica-donates-childrens-encyclopedias-to-philippines-national-library/" target="_blank"> In a statement, the National Library of the Philippines said, “The new Britannica All-New Kids’ Encyclopedia will pique Filipino children’s interest and instill a love of reading at a young age... </a> </p> </div> <div class="module-17__latest-article-container"> <div 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