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id="toc-Marketing_success_and_later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Hardware </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Hardware subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technical_specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Technical specifications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Models </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-PS_one" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PS_one"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 PS one </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PS_one-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controllers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controllers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Controllers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controllers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peripherals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peripherals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Peripherals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peripherals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functionality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functionality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Functionality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functionality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copy_protection_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copy_protection_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Copy protection system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copy_protection_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Hardware problems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Game_library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Game_library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Game library </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Game_library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-CD_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CD_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 CD format </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CD_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PlayStation_Classic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PlayStation_Classic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 PlayStation Classic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PlayStation_Classic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">PlayStation (console)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" > 71 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86_(%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="بلاي ستيشن (نظام ألعاب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلاي ستيشن (نظام ألعاب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(konsol)" title="PlayStation (konsol) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="PlayStation (konsol)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(konzola)" title="PlayStation (konzola) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="PlayStation (konzola)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_1" title="PlayStation 1 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="PlayStation 1" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(hern%C3%AD_konzole)" title="PlayStation (herní konzole) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="PlayStation (herní konzole)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(konsool)" title="PlayStation (konsool) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="PlayStation (konsool)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1)" title="PlayStation (κονσόλα) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="PlayStation (κονσόλα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(consola)" title="PlayStation (consola) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="PlayStation (consola)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86_(%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84)" title="پلی‌استیشن (کنسول) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پلی‌استیشن (کنسول)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_PlayStation" title="Sony PlayStation – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sony PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A5%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پی إس وان – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="پی إس وان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98_(%EC%BD%98%EC%86%94)" title="플레이스테이션 (콘솔) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="플레이스테이션 (콘솔)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_1" title="PlayStation 1 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="PlayStation 1" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9F" title="פלייסטיישן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלייסטיישן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="PlayStation (კონსოლი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="PlayStation (კონსოლი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_1" title="PlayStation 1 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="PlayStation 1" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(konsola)" title="PlayStation (konsola) – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="PlayStation (konsola)" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(konzol)" title="PlayStation (konzol) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="PlayStation (konzol)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="PlayStation (конзола) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="PlayStation (конзола)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%89_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86" title="بلاى ستيشن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلاى ستيشن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(konsol)" title="PlayStation (konsol) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="PlayStation (konsol)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%82%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA)" title="ပလေးစတေရှင် (ဂိမ်းစက်) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပလေးစတေရှင် (ဂိမ်းစက်)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(spelcomputer)" title="PlayStation (spelcomputer) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="PlayStation (spelcomputer)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E6%A9%9F)" title="PlayStation (ゲーム機) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="PlayStation (ゲーム機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(konsol)" title="PlayStation (konsol) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="PlayStation (konsol)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="PlayStation (console)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(konsol)" title="PlayStation (konsol) – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="PlayStation (konsol)" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(consol%C4%83)" title="PlayStation (consolă) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="PlayStation (consolă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="PlayStation (console)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(k%C5%8Dnsola)" title="PlayStation (kōnsola) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="PlayStation (kōnsola)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%A1" title="پلەیستەیشن ١ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پلەیستەیشن ١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playstation" title="Playstation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Playstation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பிளேஸ்டேசன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிளேஸ்டேசன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1)" title="เพลย์สเตชัน (เครื่องเล่นวิดีโอเกม) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เพลย์สเตชัน (เครื่องเล่นวิดีโอเกม)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(konsol)" title="PlayStation (konsol) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="PlayStation (konsol)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(m%C3%A1y_tr%C3%B2_ch%C6%A1i_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD)" title="PlayStation (máy trò chơi điện tử) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="PlayStation (máy trò chơi điện tử)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(grande_console)" title="PlayStation (grande console) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="PlayStation (grande console)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation%EF%BC%88%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E6%9C%BA%EF%BC%89" title="PlayStation（游戏机） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="PlayStation（游戏机）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="PlayStation" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_(%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%A9%9F)" title="PlayStation (遊戲機) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="PlayStation (遊戲機)" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Home video game console by Sony</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the original console. For the PlayStation brand in general, see <a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="PlayStation (disambiguation)">PlayStation (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/PSX_(digital_video_recorder)" title="PSX (digital video recorder)">PSX (digital video recorder)</a> or <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Experience" title="PlayStation Experience">PlayStation Experience</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">PlayStation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Playstation_logo_colour.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Playstation_logo_colour.svg/100px-Playstation_logo_colour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Playstation_logo_colour.svg/150px-Playstation_logo_colour.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Playstation_logo_colour.svg/200px-Playstation_logo_colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="102" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:PlayStation_wordmark_(1994-2009).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/PlayStation_wordmark_%281994-2009%29.svg/110px-PlayStation_wordmark_%281994-2009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/PlayStation_wordmark_%281994-2009%29.svg/165px-PlayStation_wordmark_%281994-2009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/PlayStation_wordmark_%281994-2009%29.svg/220px-PlayStation_wordmark_%281994-2009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="63" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:PSone_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PSone_logo.svg/110px-PSone_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PSone_logo.svg/165px-PSone_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PSone_logo.svg/220px-PSone_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="white-space: nowrap; background: #ffffff; border: #dadada solid 1px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg/250px-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg/375px-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg/500px-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-with-Controller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="2400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:PSone-Console-Set-NoLCD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/PSone-Console-Set-NoLCD.jpg/230px-PSone-Console-Set-NoLCD.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/PSone-Console-Set-NoLCD.jpg/345px-PSone-Console-Set-NoLCD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/PSone-Console-Set-NoLCD.jpg/460px-PSone-Console-Set-NoLCD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4120" data-file-height="1600" /></a></div><div class="infobox-caption">Top: The original model (1994) with the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_controller" title="PlayStation controller">PlayStation Controller</a> and Memory Card Bottom: The smaller, redesigned <a href="/wiki/PSOne" class="mw-redirect" title="PSOne">PS One</a> (2000) with its <a href="/wiki/DualShock" title="DualShock">DualShock</a> Controller and Memory Card</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Codename</th><td class="infobox-data">PSX</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also known as</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>PS</li><li>PS1</li><li>PS one (redesign)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment" title="Sony Interactive Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sony#Electronics_products_&_solutions" title="Sony">Sony Electronics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Product family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game console</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Generation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">Fifth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">PlayStation<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>: 3 December 1994 (3 December 1994)<a href="#cite_note-developmentJP-2">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>: 9 September 1995 (9 September 1995)<a href="#cite_note-developmentNA-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>: 29 September 1995 (29 September 1995)<a href="#cite_note-developmentEU-3">[3]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">AU</a>: 15 November 1995 (15 November 1995)<a href="#cite_note-aus-4">[4]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">ZA</a>: November 1996 (November 1996)<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">HK</a>/<a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">SG</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">TH</a>/<a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">MY</a>: December 1996 (December 1996)<a href="#cite_note-Asian_launch_dates-6">[6]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">TW</a>: December 1997 (December 1997)<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li></ul></div>PS One<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>: 7 July 2000 (7 July 2000)</li><li><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>: 19 September 2000 (19 September 2000)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>: 29 September 2000 (29 September 2000)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">HK</a>/<a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">SG</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">TH</a>/<a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">MY</a>/<a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">TW</a>: November 2000 (November 2000)<a href="#cite_note-Asian_launch_dates-6">[6]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">IND</a>: 24 January 2002 (24 January 2002)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">KR</a>: 22 February 2002</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introductory price</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">¥</a>39,800, US$299,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201512-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>299,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran20159-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">F</a>1,490, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">DM</a>599<a href="#cite_note-developmentEU-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World" title="World">WW</a>: 23 March 2006<a href="#cite_note-shipments-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-stops-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Units sold</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>Worldwide: 102.49 million<a href="#cite_note-shipments-11">[11]</a> <ul><li>North America: 40.78 million</li> <li>Europe: 40.12 million</li> <li>Japan and Asia: 21.59 million</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R3000" title="R3000">R3000</a> @ 33.8688 MHz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Memory</th><td class="infobox-data">2 MB <a href="/wiki/RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a>, 1 MB <a href="/wiki/VRAM" class="mw-redirect" title="VRAM">VRAM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Storage</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Memory_card#Video_game_consoles" title="Memory card">Memory card</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound</th><td class="infobox-data">16-bit, 24 channel <a href="/wiki/ADPCM" class="mw-redirect" title="ADPCM">ADPCM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Controller input</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_controller" title="PlayStation controller">PlayStation controller</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Analog_Joystick" title="PlayStation Analog Joystick">PlayStation Analog Joystick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dual_Analog_Controller" title="Dual Analog Controller">Dual Analog Controller</a>, <a href="/wiki/DualShock" title="DualShock">DualShock</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Connectivity</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Link_Cable" title="PlayStation Link Cable">PlayStation Link Cable</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Online services</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/I-mode" title="I-mode">i-mode</a> Mobile Phone Connection Cable (Japan only)</li><li>Lightspan Online Connection CD (third-party)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_video_games" title="List of best-selling video games">Best-selling game</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Turismo_(1997_video_game)" title="Gran Turismo (1997 video game)">Gran Turismo</a> (10.85 million)<a href="#cite_note-granturismo-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The PlayStation<a href="#cite_note-15">[a]</a> (abbreviated as PS, commonly known as the PS1/PS one or its codename PSX) is a <a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">home video game console</a> developed and marketed by <a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a>. It was released in Japan on 3 December 1994 followed by North America on 9 September 1995, Europe on 29 September 1995, and other regions following thereafter. As a <a href="/wiki/Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">fifth-generation console</a>, the PlayStation primarily competed with the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Sega Saturn</a>. Sony began developing the PlayStation after a failed venture with <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> to create <a href="/wiki/Super_NES_CD-ROM" title="Super NES CD-ROM">a CD-ROM peripheral</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a> in the early 1990s. The console was primarily designed by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi">Ken Kutaragi</a> and Sony Computer Entertainment in Japan, while additional development was outsourced in the United Kingdom. An emphasis on <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D polygon graphics</a> was placed at the forefront of the console's design. PlayStation game production was designed to be streamlined and inclusive, enticing the support of many <a href="/wiki/Third_party_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party developer">third-party developers</a>. The console proved popular for its extensive game library, popular franchises, low retail price, and aggressive <a href="/wiki/Youth_marketing" title="Youth marketing">youth marketing</a> which advertised it as the preferable console for adolescents and adults. Premier PlayStation franchises included <a href="/wiki/Gran_Turismo_(series)" title="Gran Turismo (series)">Gran Turismo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crash_Bandicoot" title="Crash Bandicoot">Crash Bandicoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spyro" title="Spyro">Spyro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomb_Raider" title="Tomb Raider">Tomb Raider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resident_Evil" title="Resident Evil">Resident Evil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metal_Gear" title="Metal Gear">Metal Gear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tekken" title="Tekken">Tekken</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a>, all of which spawned numerous sequels. PlayStation games continued to sell until Sony ceased production of the PlayStation and its games on 23 March 2006—over eleven years after it had been released, and less than a year before the debut of the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stops-12">[12]</a> More than <a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_games_(A%E2%80%93L)" title="List of PlayStation games (A–L)">4,000 PlayStation games</a> were released, with cumulative sales of 962 million units. The PlayStation signalled Sony's rise to power in the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">video game industry</a>. It received acclaim and sold strongly; in less than a decade, it became the first computer entertainment platform to ship over 100 million units.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> Its use of <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact discs</a> heralded the game industry's transition from <a href="/wiki/ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">cartridges</a>. The PlayStation's success led to a <a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">line of successors</a>, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> in 2000. In the same year, Sony released a smaller and cheaper model, the PS one. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony-playstation_prototype.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photo of the only-known SNES-based PlayStation prototype with a controller and disk drive in the foreground." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Sony-playstation_prototype.jpg/220px-Sony-playstation_prototype.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Sony-playstation_prototype.jpg/330px-Sony-playstation_prototype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Sony-playstation_prototype.jpg/440px-Sony-playstation_prototype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="3030" /></a><figcaption>A photo of the only known <a href="/wiki/Super_NES_CD-ROM" title="Super NES CD-ROM">SNES-based PlayStation prototype</a><a href="#cite_note-only-17">[16]</a></figcaption></figure> The PlayStation was conceived by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi">Ken Kutaragi</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> executive who managed a hardware engineering division and was later dubbed "the Father of the PlayStation".<a href="#cite_note-father2-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Kutaragi's interest in working with video games stemmed from seeing his daughter play games on <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Famicom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-father-20">[19]</a> Kutaragi convinced Nintendo to use his <a href="/wiki/SPC700" class="mw-redirect" title="SPC700">SPC-700</a> sound processor in the <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a> (SNES) through a demonstration of the processor's capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeigh2018188-21">[20]</a> His willingness to work with Nintendo derived from both his admiration of the Famicom and conviction in video game consoles becoming the main home-use entertainment systems.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200028-22">[21]</a> Although Kutaragi was nearly fired because he worked with Nintendo without Sony's knowledge,<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> president <a href="/wiki/Norio_Ohga" title="Norio Ohga">Norio Ohga</a> recognised the potential in Kutaragi's chip and decided to keep him as a protégé.<a href="#cite_note-father-20">[19]</a> The inception of the PlayStation dates back to a 1988 joint venture between Nintendo and Sony.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran20159-10">[10]</a> Nintendo had produced <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> technology to complement cartridges in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Family_Computer_Disk_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Family Computer Disk System">Family Computer Disk System</a>, and wanted to continue this complementary storage strategy for the SNES.<a href="#cite_note-father-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Since Sony was already contracted to produce the SPC-700 sound processor for the SNES,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran20159-10">[10]</a> Nintendo contracted Sony to develop a <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> add-on, tentatively titled the "Play Station" or "<a href="/wiki/Super_NES_CD-ROM" title="Super NES CD-ROM">SNES-CD</a>".<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-polygonhistory-26">[25]</a> The PlayStation name had already been trademarked by Yamaha, but <a href="/wiki/Nobuyuki_Idei" title="Nobuyuki Idei">Nobuyuki Idei</a> liked it so much that he agreed to acquire it for an undisclosed sum rather than search for an alternative.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> Sony was keen to obtain a foothold in the rapidly expanding video game market. Having been the primary manufacturer of the ill-fated <a href="/wiki/MSX" title="MSX">MSX</a> home computer format, Sony had wanted to use their experience in consumer electronics to produce their own video game hardware.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran20158–9-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a> Although the initial agreement between Nintendo and Sony was about producing a CD-ROM drive add-on, Sony had also planned to develop a SNES-compatible Sony-branded console. This iteration was intended to be more of a home entertainment system, playing both SNES cartridges and a new CD format named the "Super Disc", which Sony would design.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran20159-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200032-30">[29]</a> Under the agreement, Sony would retain sole international rights to every Super Disc game, giving them a large degree of control despite Nintendo's leading position in the video game market.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran20159-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-edgehistory-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a> Furthermore, Sony would also be the sole benefactor of licensing related to music and film software that it had been aggressively pursuing as a secondary application.<a href="#cite_note-pschronicles-32">[31]</a> The Play Station was to be announced at the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show" title="Consumer Electronics Show">Consumer Electronics Show</a> (CES) in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ces-33">[32]</a> However, Nintendo president <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Yamauchi" title="Hiroshi Yamauchi">Hiroshi Yamauchi</a> was wary of Sony's increasing leverage at this point and deemed the original 1988 contract unacceptable upon realising it essentially handed Sony control over all games written on the SNES CD-ROM format. Although Nintendo was dominant in the video game market, Sony possessed a superior <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> department.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200025–26-34">[33]</a> Wanting to protect Nintendo's existing licensing structure, Yamauchi cancelled all plans for the joint Nintendo–Sony SNES CD attachment without telling Sony.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran20159–10-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-ces-33">[32]</a> He sent Nintendo of America president <a href="/wiki/Minoru_Arakawa" title="Minoru Arakawa">Minoru Arakawa</a> (his son-in-law) and chairman <a href="/wiki/Howard_Lincoln" title="Howard Lincoln">Howard Lincoln</a> to <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> to form a more favourable contract with Dutch conglomerate <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>, Sony's rival. This contract would give Nintendo total control over their licences on all Philips-produced machines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201510-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a> Kutaragi and <a href="/wiki/Nobuyuki_Idei" title="Nobuyuki Idei">Nobuyuki Idei</a>, Sony's director of public relations at the time, learned of Nintendo's actions two days before the CES was due to begin. Kutaragi telephoned numerous contacts, including Philips, to no avail.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200025-38">[37]</a> On the first day of the CES, Sony announced their partnership with Nintendo and their new console, the Play Station. At 9 am on the next day, in what has been called "the greatest ever betrayal" in the industry,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201510-37">[36]</a> Howard Lincoln stepped onto the stage and revealed that Nintendo was now allied with Philips and would abandon their work with Sony.<a href="#cite_note-father-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-venture-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShapiro199186-40">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inception">Inception</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Inception">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ken Kutaragi pictured in 2014 at the Game Deveolopers Choice Awards ceremony. Kutaragi is standing on stage, holding an award in his right hand." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi">Ken Kutaragi</a>, the "Father of the PlayStation", pictured at the <a href="/wiki/Game_Developers_Choice_Awards" title="Game Developers Choice Awards">Game Developers Choice Awards</a> in 2014</figcaption></figure> Incensed by Nintendo's renouncement, Ohga and Kutaragi decided that Sony would develop their own console.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Nintendo's contract-breaking was met with consternation in the Japanese business community,<a href="#cite_note-father-20">[19]</a> as they had broken an "unwritten law" of native companies not turning against each other in favour of foreign ones.<a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a> Sony's American branch considered allying with <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> to produce a CD-ROM-based machine called the Sega Multimedia Entertainment System, but their board of directors in Tokyo vetoed the idea when American CEO <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kalinske" title="Tom Kalinske">Tom Kalinske</a> presented them the proposal. Kalinske recalled them saying: "That's a stupid idea, Sony doesn't know how to make hardware. They don't know how to make software either. Why would we want to do this?"<a href="#cite_note-sega_ally-42">[41]</a> Sony halted their research, but decided to develop what it had developed with Nintendo and Sega into a console based on the SNES.<a href="#cite_note-sega_ally-42">[41]</a> Despite the tumultuous events at the 1991 CES, negotiations between Nintendo and Sony were still ongoing. A deal was proposed: the Play Station would still have a port for SNES games, on the condition that it would still use Kutaragi's audio chip and that Nintendo would own the rights and receive the bulk of the profits. Roughly two hundred prototype machines were created, and some software entered development.<a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Many within Sony were still opposed to their involvement in the video game industry, with some resenting Kutaragi for jeopardising the company.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200034-44">[43]</a> Kutaragi remained adamant that Sony not retreat from the growing industry and that a deal with Nintendo would never work.<a href="#cite_note-father-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201510-37">[36]</a> Knowing that it had to take decisive action, Sony severed all ties with Nintendo on 4 May 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200035-45">[44]</a> To determine the fate of the PlayStation project, Ohga chaired a meeting in June 1992, consisting of Kutaragi and several senior Sony board members. Kutaragi unveiled a proprietary CD-ROM-based system he had been secretly working on which played games with immersive 3D graphics. Kutaragi was confident that his <a href="/wiki/LSI_Logic_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="LSI Logic Corp.">LSI chip</a> could accommodate one million <a href="/wiki/Logic_gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Logic gates">logic gates</a>, which exceeded the capabilities of Sony's semiconductor division at the time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200037-46">[45]</a> Despite gaining Ohga's enthusiasm, there remained opposition from a majority present at the meeting. Older Sony executives also opposed it, who saw Nintendo and Sega as "toy" manufacturers.<a href="#cite_note-history-47">[46]</a> The opposers felt the game industry was too culturally offbeat and asserted that Sony should remain a central player in the audiovisual industry, where companies were familiar with one another and could conduct "civili[s]ed" business negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200041-48">[47]</a> After Kutaragi reminded him of the humiliation he suffered from Nintendo, Ohga retained the project and became one of Kutaragi's most staunch supporters.<a href="#cite_note-polygonhistory-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200037,_64-49">[48]</a> Ohga shifted Kutaragi and nine of his team from Sony's main headquarters to <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment_Japan" title="Sony Music Entertainment Japan">Sony Music Entertainment Japan</a> (SMEJ),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200042-50">[49]</a> a subsidiary of the main Sony group, so as to retain the project and maintain relationships with Philips for the <a href="/wiki/MMCD" class="mw-redirect" title="MMCD">MMCD</a> development project.<a href="#cite_note-history-47">[46]</a> The involvement of SMEJ proved crucial to the PlayStation's early development as the process of manufacturing games on CD-ROM format was similar to that used for audio CDs, with which Sony's music division had considerable experience. While at SMEJ, Kutaragi worked with <a href="/wiki/Epic/Sony_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic/Sony Records">Epic/Sony Records</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Shigeo_Maruyama" title="Shigeo Maruyama">Shigeo Maruyama</a> and Akira Sato; both later became vice presidents of the division that ran the PlayStation business.<a href="#cite_note-edgehistory-31">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a> (SCE) was jointly established by Sony and SMEJ to handle the company's ventures into the video game industry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESenrad199368-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaggatta199710-52">[51]</a> On 27 October 1993, Sony publicly announced that it was entering the game console market with the PlayStation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201510-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200065-53">[52]</a> According to Maruyama, there was uncertainty over whether the console should primarily focus on <a href="/wiki/2D_computer_graphics" title="2D computer graphics">2D</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sprite_(computer_graphics)" title="Sprite (computer graphics)">sprite</a>-based graphics or <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D polygon graphics</a>. After Sony witnessed the success of Sega's <a href="/wiki/Virtua_Fighter_(video_game)" title="Virtua Fighter (video game)">Virtua Fighter</a> (1993) in Japanese <a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">arcades</a>, the direction of the PlayStation became "instantly clear" and 3D polygon graphics became the console's primary focus.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> SCE president Teruhisa Tokunaka expressed gratitude for Sega's timely release of Virtua Fighter as it proved "just at the right time" that making games with 3D imagery was possible.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200062-55">[54]</a> Maruyama claimed that Sony further wanted to emphasize the new console's ability to utilize <a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">redbook audio</a> from the CD-ROM format in its games alongside high quality visuals and gameplay.<a href="#cite_note-famitsu280-56">[55]</a> Wishing to distance the project from the failed enterprise with Nintendo, Sony initially branded the PlayStation the "PlayStation X" (PSX).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201510-37">[36]</a> Sony formed their European division and North American division, known as Sony Computer Entertainment Europe (SCEE) and Sony Computer Entertainment America (SCEA), in January and May 1995.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> The divisions planned to market the new console under the alternative branding "PSX" following the negative feedback regarding "PlayStation" in focus group studies. Early advertising prior to the console's launch in North America referenced PSX, but the term was scrapped before launch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECharla199639-59">[58]</a> The console was not marketed with Sony's name in contrast to Nintendo's consoles. According to <a href="/wiki/Phil_Harrison" title="Phil Harrison">Phil Harrison</a>, much of Sony's upper management feared that the Sony brand would be tarnished if associated with the console, which they considered a "toy".<a href="#cite_note-edgehistory-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-pschronicles-32">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> Since Sony had no experience in game development, it had to rely on the support of <a href="/wiki/Third_party_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party developer">third-party game developers</a>. This was in contrast to Sega and Nintendo, which had versatile and well-equipped in-house software divisions for their <a href="/wiki/Arcade_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcade games">arcade games</a> and could easily <a href="/wiki/Porting" title="Porting">port</a> successful games to their home consoles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200057-60">[59]</a> Recent consoles like the <a href="/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Atari Jaguar</a> and <a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO</a> suffered low sales due to a lack of developer support, prompting Sony to redouble their efforts in gaining the endorsement of arcade-savvy developers.<a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a> A team from <a href="/wiki/Epic_Sony" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic Sony">Epic Sony</a> visited more than a hundred companies throughout Japan in May 1993 in hopes of attracting game creators with the PlayStation's technological appeal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200058-61">[60]</a> Sony found that many disliked Nintendo's practices, such as favoring its own games over others.<a href="#cite_note-maher20231208-62">[61]</a> Through a series of negotiations, Sony acquired initial support from <a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Williams_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams Entertainment">Williams Entertainment</a>, as well as 250 other development teams in Japan alone. Namco in particular was interested in developing for PlayStation since Namco rivalled Sega in the arcade market.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200072–73-63">[62]</a> Attaining these companies secured influential games such as <a href="/wiki/Ridge_Racer_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridge Racer (video game)">Ridge Racer</a> (1993) and <a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_3" title="Mortal Kombat 3">Mortal Kombat 3</a> (1995),<a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201512-9">[9]</a> Ridge Racer being one of the most popular arcade games at the time,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDesmond1995170–71-64">[63]</a> and it was already confirmed behind closed doors that it would be the PlayStation's first game by December 1993,<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> despite Namco being a longstanding Nintendo developer.<a href="#cite_note-maher20231208-62">[61]</a> Namco's research managing director Shegeichi Nakamura met with Kutaragi in 1993 to discuss the preliminary PlayStation specifications, with Namco subsequently basing the <a href="/wiki/Namco_System_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Namco System 11">Namco System 11</a> arcade board on PlayStation hardware and developing <a href="/wiki/Tekken_(video_game)" title="Tekken (video game)">Tekken</a> to compete with Virtua Fighter.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> The System 11 launched in arcades several months before the PlayStation's release, with the arcade release of Tekken in September 1994.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ian_Hetherington_1990.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photo of Ian Hetherington, founder of game developer Psygnosis, seated at a desk." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/Ian_Hetherington_1990.png/220px-Ian_Hetherington_1990.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/Ian_Hetherington_1990.png/330px-Ian_Hetherington_1990.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2e/Ian_Hetherington_1990.png 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ian_Hetherington" title="Ian Hetherington">Ian Hetherington</a> pictured in 1990. Hetherington and <a href="/wiki/Psygnosis" title="Psygnosis">Psygnosis</a> played important roles in the PlayStation project.</figcaption></figure> Despite securing the support of various Japanese studios, Sony had no developers of their own by the time the PlayStation was in development. This changed in 1993 when Sony acquired the <a href="/wiki/Liverpudlian" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpudlian">Liverpudlian</a> company <a href="/wiki/Psygnosis" title="Psygnosis">Psygnosis</a> (later renamed SCE Liverpool) for US$48 million, securing their first in-house development team. The acquisition meant that Sony could have more <a href="/wiki/Launch_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch game">launch games</a> ready for the PlayStation's release in Europe and North America.<a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201512-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hetherington" title="Ian Hetherington">Ian Hetherington</a>, Psygnosis' co-founder, was disappointed after receiving early builds of the PlayStation and recalled that the console "was not fit for purpose" until his team got involved with it.<a href="#cite_note-eusuccess-68">[67]</a> Hetherington frequently clashed with Sony executives over broader ideas; at one point it was suggested that a television with a built-in PlayStation be produced.<a href="#cite_note-hetherington-69">[68]</a> In the months leading up to the PlayStation's launch, Psygnosis had around 500 full-time staff working on games and assisting with software development.<a href="#cite_note-eusuccess-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry199547-70">[69]</a> The purchase of Psygnosis marked another turning point for the PlayStation as it played a vital role in creating the console's <a href="/wiki/Development_kit" class="mw-redirect" title="Development kit">development kits</a>. While Sony had provided <a href="/wiki/MIPS_R4000" class="mw-redirect" title="MIPS R4000">MIPS R4000</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Sony_NEWS" title="Sony NEWS">Sony NEWS</a> workstations for PlayStation development, Psygnosis employees disliked the thought of developing on these expensive workstations and asked <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>-based <a href="/wiki/SN_Systems" title="SN Systems">SN Systems</a> to create an alternative PC-based development system.<a href="#cite_note-edgehistory-31">[30]</a> Andy Beveridge and Martin Day, owners of SN Systems, had previously supplied development hardware for other consoles such as the <a href="/wiki/Mega_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega Drive">Mega Drive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atari_ST" title="Atari ST">Atari ST</a>, and the SNES.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry199549-71">[70]</a> When Psygnosis arranged an audience for SN Systems with Sony's Japanese executives at the January 1994 CES in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, Beveridge and Day presented their prototype of the condensed development kit, which could run on an ordinary personal computer with two extension boards. Impressed, Sony decided to abandon their plans for a workstation-based development system in favour of SN Systems's, thus securing a cheaper and more efficient method for designing software.<a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a> An order of over 600 systems followed, and SN Systems supplied Sony with additional software such as an <a href="/wiki/Assembler_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembler (computing)">assembler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linker_(computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Linker (computer)">linker</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Debugger" title="Debugger">debugger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry199550-72">[71]</a> SN Systems produced development kits for future PlayStation systems, including the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> and was bought out by Sony in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> Sony strived to make game production as streamlined and inclusive as possible, in contrast to the relatively isolated approach of Sega and Nintendo. <a href="/wiki/Phil_Harrison" title="Phil Harrison">Phil Harrison</a>, representative director of SCEE, believed that Sony's emphasis on developer assistance reduced most time-consuming aspects of development. As well as providing <a href="/wiki/Programming_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Programming library">programming libraries</a>, SCE headquarters in London, California, and Tokyo housed technical support teams that could work closely with third-party developers if needed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaggatta199710-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry199546-74">[73]</a> Sony did not favor its own over non-Sony products, unlike Nintendo;<a href="#cite_note-maher20231208-62">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Molyneux" title="Peter Molyneux">Peter Molyneux</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bullfrog_Productions" title="Bullfrog Productions">Bullfrog Productions</a> admired Sony's open-handed approach to software developers and lauded their decision to use PCs as a development platform, remarking that "[it was] like being released from jail in terms of the freedom you have".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry199546–47-75">[74]</a> Another strategy that helped attract software developers was the PlayStation's use of the CD-ROM format instead of traditional <a href="/wiki/ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">cartridges</a>. In contrast to other disc-reading consoles such as the 3DO, the PlayStation could quickly generate and synthesise data from the CD since it was an image-generation system, rather than a data-replay system.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200078–79-76">[75]</a> Nintendo cartridges were expensive to manufacture, and the company controlled all production, prioritizing its own games, while inexpensive <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc_manufacturing" title="Compact disc manufacturing">compact disc manufacturing</a> occurred at dozens of locations around the world.<a href="#cite_note-maher20231208-62">[61]</a> The PlayStation's architecture and interconnectability with PCs was beneficial to many software developers. The use of the programming language <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> proved useful during the early stages of development as it safeguarded future compatibility of the machine should developers decide to make further hardware revisions. Sony used the <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> <a href="/wiki/GNU_C" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU C">GNU C</a> compiler, also known as GCC, to guarantee short <a href="/wiki/Debug" class="mw-redirect" title="Debug">debugging</a> times as it was already familiar to many programmers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry199547-70">[69]</a> Despite the inherent flexibility, some developers found themselves restricted due to the console's lack of <a href="/wiki/RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a>. While working on beta builds of the PlayStation, Molyneux observed that its <a href="/wiki/MIPS_processor" class="mw-redirect" title="MIPS processor">MIPS processor</a> was not "quite as bullish" compared to that of a fast PC and said that it took his team two weeks to port their PC code to the PlayStation development kits and another fortnight to achieve a four-fold speed increase.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry199547–48-77">[76]</a> An engineer from <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Software" title="Ocean Software">Ocean Software</a>, one of Europe's largest game developers at the time, thought that allocating RAM was a challenging aspect given the 3.5 megabyte restriction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry199548-78">[77]</a> Kutaragi said that while it would have been easy to double the amount of RAM for the PlayStation, the development team refrained from doing so to keep the retail cost down.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaggatta199711-79">[78]</a> Kutaragi saw the biggest challenge in developing the system to be balancing the conflicting goals of high performance, low cost, and being easy to program for, and felt he and his team were successful in this regard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaggatta199711-79">[78]</a> Its technical specifications were finalised in 1993 and its design during 1994.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> The PlayStation name and its final design were confirmed during a press conference on May 10, 1994, although the price and release dates had not been disclosed yet.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch">Launch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Launch">edit</a>]</div> Sony released the PlayStation in Japan on 3 December 1994, a week after the release of the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Sega Saturn</a>, at a price of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">¥</a>39,800.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201512-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeigh2018190-82">[81]</a> Sales in Japan began with a "stunning"<a href="#cite_note-father-20">[19]</a> success with long queues in shops.<a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a> Ohga later recalled that he realized how important PlayStation had become for Sony when friends and relatives begged for consoles for their children.<a href="#cite_note-maher20231208-62">[61]</a> PlayStation sold 100,000 units on the first day<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201525-83">[82]</a> and two million units within six months,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkaggs1995138-84">[83]</a> although the Saturn outsold the PlayStation in the first few weeks due to the success of Virtua Fighter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201512-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001502-85">[84]</a> By the end of 1994, 300,000 PlayStation units were sold in Japan compared to 500,000 Saturn units.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdge_staff1995a10–11-86">[85]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Grey_market" title="Grey market">grey market</a> emerged for PlayStations shipped from Japan to North America and Europe, with buyers of such consoles paying up to £700.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201525-83">[82]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "When September 1995 arrived and Sony's Playstation roared out of the gate, things immediately felt different than [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] they did with the Saturn launch earlier that year. Sega dropped the Saturn $100 to match the Playstation's $299 debut price, but sales weren't even close—Playstations flew out the door as fast as we could get them in stock. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Lee Hutchinson of <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Babbage%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Babbage's">Babbage's</a> employee in 1995, recalling how PlayStation preorders greatly outnumbered Saturn sales at his shop.<a href="#cite_note-hutchinson-87">[86]</a></cite> </div> Before the release in North America, Sega and Sony presented their consoles at the first <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Entertainment_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Entertainment Expo">Electronic Entertainment Expo</a> (E3) in Los Angeles on 11 May 1995. At their keynote presentation, Sega of America CEO <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kalinske" title="Tom Kalinske">Tom Kalinske</a> revealed that its Saturn console would be released immediately to select retailers at a price of $399. Next came Sony's turn: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93lafur_J%C3%B3hann_%C3%93lafsson" title="Ólafur Jóhann Ólafsson">Olaf Olafsson</a>, the head of SCEA, summoned Steve Race, the head of development, to the conference stage, who said "$299" and left the audience with a round of applause.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201528-88">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2014545-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> The attention to the Sony conference was further bolstered by the surprise appearance of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> and the showcase of highly anticipated games, including <a href="/wiki/Wipeout_(video_game)" title="Wipeout (video game)">Wipeout</a> (1995), Ridge Racer and Tekken (1994).<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> In addition, Sony announced that no games would be <a href="/wiki/Pack-in_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Pack-in game">bundled</a> with the console.<a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMewatt199516-95">[94]</a> Although the Saturn had released early in the United States to gain an advantage over the PlayStation,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2014536-96">[95]</a> the surprise launch upset many retailers who were not informed in time, harming sales.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell19967-97">[96]</a> Some retailers such as <a href="/wiki/KB_Toys" title="KB Toys">KB Toys</a> responded by dropping the Saturn entirely.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001516-98">[97]</a> The PlayStation went on sale in North America on 9 September 1995. It sold more units within two days than the Saturn had in five months, with almost all of the initial shipment of 100,000 units sold in advance and shops across the country running out of consoles and accessories.<a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a> The well-received Ridge Racer contributed to the PlayStation's early success,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001502-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200069-100">[99]</a> — with some critics considering it superior to Sega's arcade counterpart <a href="/wiki/Daytona_USA" title="Daytona USA">Daytona USA</a> (1994)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeigh2018191-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdge_staff1995b73-102">[101]</a> — as did <a href="/wiki/Battle_Arena_Toshinden" title="Battle Arena Toshinden">Battle Arena Toshinden</a> (1995).<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> There were over 100,000 pre-orders placed and 17 games available on the market by the time of the PlayStation's American launch,<a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a> in comparison to the Saturn's six launch games.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> The PlayStation released in Europe on 29 September 1995<a href="#cite_note-developmentEU-3">[3]</a> and in Australia on 15 November 1995.<a href="#cite_note-aus-4">[4]</a> By November it had already outsold the Saturn by three to one in the United Kingdom, where Sony had allocated a £20 million marketing budget during the Christmas season compared to Sega's £4 million.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> Sony found early success in the United Kingdom by securing listings with independent shop owners as well as prominent <a href="/wiki/High_Street" title="High Street">High Street</a> chains such as <a href="/wiki/Comet_Group" title="Comet Group">Comet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argos_(retailer)" title="Argos (retailer)">Argos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eusuccess-68">[67]</a> Within its first year, the PlayStation secured over 20% of the entire American video game market.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMäyrä200247-107">[106]</a> From September to the end of 1995, sales in the United States amounted to 800,000 units, giving the PlayStation a commanding lead over the other <a href="/wiki/Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">fifth-generation</a> consoles,<a href="#cite_note-109">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> though the SNES and Mega Drive from the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">fourth generation</a> still outsold it.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Sony reported that the <a href="/wiki/Attach_rate" title="Attach rate">attach rate</a> of sold games and consoles was four to one.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> To meet increasing demand, Sony chartered jumbo jets and ramped up production in Europe and North America.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura2000210–211-113">[111]</a> By early 1996, the PlayStation had grossed $2 billion (equivalent to $3.885 billion 2023) from worldwide hardware and software sales.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> By late 1996, sales in Europe totalled 2.2 million units, including 700,000 in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson199754-115">[113]</a> Approximately 400 PlayStation games were in development, compared to around 200 games being developed for the Saturn and 60 for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> In India, the PlayStation was launched in test market during 1999–2000 across Sony showrooms, selling 100 units.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> Sony finally launched the console (PS One model) countrywide on 24 January 2002 with the price of Rs 7,990 and 26 games available from start.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marketing_success_and_later_years">Marketing success and later years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Marketing success and later years">edit</a>]</div> The PlayStation was backed by a successful marketing campaign, allowing Sony to gain an early foothold in Europe and North America.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeMariaWilson2004283-119">[117]</a> Initially, PlayStation demographics were skewed towards adults, but the audience broadened after the first price drop.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELundrigan19969-120">[118]</a> While the Saturn was positioned towards 18- to 34-year-olds,<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> the PlayStation was initially marketed exclusively towards teenagers. Executives from both Sony and Sega reasoned that because younger players typically looked up to older, more experienced players, advertising targeted at teens and adults would draw them in too. Additionally, Sony found that adults reacted best to advertising aimed at teenagers; <a href="/wiki/Lee_Clow" title="Lee Clow">Lee Clow</a> surmised that people who started to grow into adulthood regressed and became "17 again" when they played video games.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> The console was marketed with advertising slogans stylised as "LIVE IN Y<a href="/wiki/File:PlayStationCircle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="O"><img alt="O" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PlayStationCircle.svg/14px-PlayStationCircle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PlayStationCircle.svg/22px-PlayStationCircle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PlayStationCircle.svg/29px-PlayStationCircle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="15" /></a>UR W<a href="/wiki/File:PlayStationCross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="O"><img alt="O" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/PlayStationCross.svg/14px-PlayStationCross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/PlayStationCross.svg/22px-PlayStationCross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/PlayStationCross.svg/29px-PlayStationCross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="15" /></a>RLD. PL<a href="/wiki/File:PlayStationTriangle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A"><img alt="A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/PlayStationTriangle.svg/14px-PlayStationTriangle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/PlayStationTriangle.svg/22px-PlayStationTriangle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/PlayStationTriangle.svg/29px-PlayStationTriangle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="15" /></a>Y IN <a href="/wiki/File:PlayStationSquare.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="O"><img alt="O" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PlayStationSquare.svg/14px-PlayStationSquare.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PlayStationSquare.svg/22px-PlayStationSquare.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PlayStationSquare.svg/29px-PlayStationSquare.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="15" /></a>URS" (Live in Your World. Play in Ours.) and "U R NOT E" (red E). The four geometric shapes were derived from the symbols for the four buttons on the controller.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrotty199517-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a> Clow thought that by invoking such provocative statements, gamers would respond to the contrary and say "'Bullshit. Let me show you how ready I am.'"<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> As the console's appeal enlarged, Sony's marketing efforts broadened from their earlier focus on mature players to specifically target younger children as well.<a href="#cite_note-NGen36-125">[123]</a> Shortly after the PlayStation's release in Europe, Sony tasked marketing manager Geoff Glendenning with assessing the desires of a new target audience. Sceptical over Nintendo and Sega's reliance on television campaigns, Glendenning theorised that young adults transitioning from fourth-generation consoles would feel neglected by marketing directed at children and teenagers.<a href="#cite_note-nightclub-126">[124]</a> Recognising the influence early 1990s underground clubbing and <a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">rave culture</a> had on young people, especially in the United Kingdom, Glendenning felt that the culture had become mainstream enough to help cultivate PlayStation's emerging identity. Sony partnered with prominent <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclub</a> owners such as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Sound" title="Ministry of Sound">Ministry of Sound</a> and festival promoters to organise dedicated PlayStation areas where demonstrations of select games could be tested.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201524-127">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>-based graphic design studio <a href="/wiki/The_Designers_Republic" title="The Designers Republic">The Designers Republic</a> was contracted by Sony to produce promotional materials aimed at a fashionable, club-going audience.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> Psygnosis' Wipeout in particular became associated with nightclub culture as it was widely featured in venues.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201524-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> By 1997, there were 52 nightclubs in the United Kingdom with dedicated PlayStation rooms. Glendenning recalled that he had discreetly used at least £100,000 a year in <a href="/wiki/Slush_fund" title="Slush fund">slush fund</a> money to invest in impromptu marketing.<a href="#cite_note-nightclub-126">[124]</a> In 1996, Sony expanded their CD production facilities in the United States due to the high demand for PlayStation games, increasing their monthly output from 4 million discs to 6.5 million discs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrodder199617-130">[128]</a> This was necessary because PlayStation sales were running at twice the rate of Saturn sales, and its lead dramatically increased when both consoles dropped in price to $199 that year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeves199620-131">[129]</a> The PlayStation also outsold the Saturn at a similar ratio in Europe during 1996,<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> with 2.2 million consoles sold in the region by the end of the year.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> Sales figures for PlayStation hardware and software only increased following the launch of the Nintendo 64.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECharla1997b74-135">[133]</a> Tokunaka speculated that the Nintendo 64 launch had actually helped PlayStation sales by raising public awareness of the gaming market through Nintendo's added marketing efforts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELundrigan19968-136">[134]</a> Despite this, the PlayStation took longer to achieve dominance in Japan. Tokunaka said that, even after the PlayStation and Saturn had been on the market for nearly two years, the competition between them was still "very close", and neither console had led in sales for any meaningful length of time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELundrigan19969-120">[118]</a> By 1998, Sega, encouraged by their declining market share and significant financial losses,<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> launched the <a href="/wiki/Dreamcast" title="Dreamcast">Dreamcast</a> as a last-ditch attempt to stay in the industry.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> Although its launch was successful, the technically superior 128-bit console was unable to subdue Sony's dominance in the industry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201513-139">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001588–589-140">[138]</a> Sony still held 60% of the overall video game market share in North America at the end of 1999.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> Sega's initial confidence in their new console was undermined when Japanese sales were lower than expected,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001563–564-142">[140]</a> with disgruntled Japanese consumers reportedly returning their Dreamcasts in exchange for PlayStation software.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> On 2 March 1999, Sony officially revealed details of the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a>, which Kutaragi announced would feature a graphics processor designed to push more raw <a href="/wiki/Polygons" class="mw-redirect" title="Polygons">polygons</a> than any console in history, effectively rivalling most supercomputers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001560–561-144">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> The PlayStation continued to sell strongly at the turn of the new millennium: in June 2000, Sony released the PSOne, a smaller, redesigned variant which went on to outsell all other consoles in that year, including the PlayStation 2.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> The combined successes of both PlayStation consoles led to Sega retiring the Dreamcast in 2001, and abandoning the console business entirely.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001588–589-140">[138]</a> The PlayStation was eventually discontinued on 23 March 2006—over eleven years after its release, and less than a year before the debut of the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stops-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware">Hardware</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hardware">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_specifications">Technical specifications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Technical specifications">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_technical_specifications" title="PlayStation technical specifications">PlayStation technical specifications</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.4em;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CXD8561CQ_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="GPU"><img alt="GPU" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CXD8561CQ_02.JPG/100px-CXD8561CQ_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CXD8561CQ_02.JPG/150px-CXD8561CQ_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CXD8561CQ_02.JPG/200px-CXD8561CQ_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>GPU</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CXD2938Q_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="PlayStation sound processor"><img alt="PlayStation sound processor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/CXD2938Q_02.JPG/100px-CXD2938Q_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/CXD2938Q_02.JPG/150px-CXD2938Q_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/CXD2938Q_02.JPG/200px-CXD2938Q_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>PlayStation sound processor</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CXD8606BQ_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="R3000 CPU"><img alt="R3000 CPU" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/CXD8606BQ_02.JPG/100px-CXD8606BQ_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/CXD8606BQ_02.JPG/150px-CXD8606BQ_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/CXD8606BQ_02.JPG/200px-CXD8606BQ_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>R3000 CPU</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:100px;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">The GPU (SCPH-9000 version)</div> </td> <td style="width:100px;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">PlayStation Custom Sound Processor</div> </td> <td style="width:100px;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/R3000" title="R3000">R3000 CPU</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_CXD2510Q.png" class="mw-file-description" title="digital signal processor"><img alt="digital signal processor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sony_CXD2510Q.png/100px-Sony_CXD2510Q.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sony_CXD2510Q.png/150px-Sony_CXD2510Q.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sony_CXD2510Q.png/200px-Sony_CXD2510Q.png 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>digital signal processor</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-Motherboard-Top.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="SCPH-100 motherboard"><img alt="SCPH-100 motherboard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sony-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-Motherboard-Top.jpg/100px-Sony-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-Motherboard-Top.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sony-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-Motherboard-Top.jpg/150px-Sony-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-Motherboard-Top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sony-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-Motherboard-Top.jpg/200px-Sony-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-Motherboard-Top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4410" data-file-height="3900" /></a><figcaption>SCPH-100 motherboard</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PSone-Motherboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="PS One motherboard"><img alt="PS One motherboard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/PSone-Motherboard.jpg/100px-PSone-Motherboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/PSone-Motherboard.jpg/150px-PSone-Motherboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/PSone-Motherboard.jpg/200px-PSone-Motherboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3325" data-file-height="2680" /></a><figcaption>PS One motherboard</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:100px;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Digital Signal Processor </div> </td> <td style="width:100px;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">An early SCPH-1000 <a href="/wiki/Motherboard" title="Motherboard">motherboard</a></div> </td> <td style="width:100px;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A <a href="/wiki/PSOne" class="mw-redirect" title="PSOne">PS One</a> motherboard</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> The main <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a> is a <a href="/wiki/32-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="32-bit">32-bit</a> LSI <a href="/wiki/R3000" title="R3000">R3000</a> CPU with a <a href="/wiki/Clock_rate" title="Clock rate">clock rate</a> of 33.86 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">MHz</a> and 30 <a href="/wiki/Million_instructions_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Million instructions per second">MIPS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonnell1995-147">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris199470-148">[146]</a> Its CPU relies heavily on the "cop2" 3D and matrix math coprocessor on the same die to provide the necessary speed to <a href="/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)" title="Rendering (computer graphics)">render</a> complex 3D graphics.<a href="#cite_note-ignhistory-29">[28]</a> The role of the separate GPU chip is to draw 2D polygons and apply shading and textures to them: the rasterisation stage of the graphics pipeline. Sony's custom 16-<a href="/wiki/Audio_bit_depth" title="Audio bit depth">bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Sound_chip" title="Sound chip">sound chip</a> supports <a href="/wiki/ADPCM" class="mw-redirect" title="ADPCM">ADPCM</a> sources with up to 24 sound channels and offers a <a href="/wiki/Sampling_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampling rate">sampling rate</a> of up to 44.1 <a href="/wiki/Kilohertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilohertz">kHz</a> and <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> sequencing. It features 2 <a href="/wiki/Mebibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Mebibyte">MB</a> of main <a href="/wiki/Random_access_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Random access memory">RAM</a>, with an additional 1 MB being allocated to <a href="/wiki/Video_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Video memory">video memory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry199551-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeigh2018189-150">[148]</a> The PlayStation has a maximum <a href="/wiki/List_of_color_palettes" title="List of color palettes">colour depth</a> of 16.7 million <a href="/wiki/24-bit_color" class="mw-redirect" title="24-bit color">true colours</a><a href="#cite_note-Ziff_Davis-151">[149]</a> with 32 levels of transparency and unlimited <a href="/wiki/Colour_look-up_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour look-up table">colour look-up tables</a>. The PlayStation can output <a href="/wiki/Composite_video" title="Composite video">composite</a>, <a href="/wiki/S-Video" title="S-Video">S-Video</a> or <a href="/wiki/Component_video#RGB_analog_component_video" title="Component video">RGB</a> video signals through its AV Multi connector (with older models also having <a href="/wiki/RCA_connectors" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA connectors">RCA connectors</a> for composite), displaying <a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">resolutions</a> from 256×224 to 640×480 <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris199470-148">[146]</a> Different games can use different resolutions. Earlier models also had proprietary <a href="/wiki/Parallel_port" title="Parallel port">parallel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serial_ports" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ports">serial ports</a> that could be used to connect accessories or multiple consoles together; these were later removed due to a lack of usage. The PlayStation uses a <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> video compression unit, MDEC, which is integrated into the CPU and allows for the presentation of <a href="/wiki/Full_motion_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Full motion video">full motion video</a> at a higher quality than other consoles of its generation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson199756-152">[150]</a> Unusual for the time, the PlayStation lacks a dedicated 2D graphics processor; 2D elements are instead calculated as polygons by the Geometry Transfer Engine (GTE) so that they can be processed and displayed on screen by the GPU.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyer199848-153">[151]</a> Whilst running, the GPU can also generate a total of 4,000 <a href="/wiki/Sprite_(computer_graphics)" title="Sprite (computer graphics)">sprites</a> and 180,000 <a href="/wiki/Polygon_(computer_graphics)" title="Polygon (computer graphics)">polygons</a> per second, in addition to 360,000 per second <a href="/wiki/Flat_shading" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat shading">flat-shaded</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris199470-148">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockdale199542-154">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Models">Models</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Models">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PlayStation-Model-Backs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/PlayStation-Model-Backs.jpg/170px-PlayStation-Model-Backs.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/PlayStation-Model-Backs.jpg/255px-PlayStation-Model-Backs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/PlayStation-Model-Backs.jpg/340px-PlayStation-Model-Backs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2540" /></a><figcaption>Three different Sony PlayStation model backs, showing the evolution of port reduction. From bottom to top, SCPH-1001, SCPH-5001 and SCPH-9001.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_models" title="PlayStation models">PlayStation models</a></div> The PlayStation went through a number of variants during its production run. Externally, the most notable change was the gradual reduction in the number of external connectors from the rear of the unit. This started with the original Japanese launch units; the SCPH-1000, released on 3 December 1994, was the only model that had an <a href="/wiki/S-Video" title="S-Video">S-Video</a> port, as it was removed from the next model.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkaggs199528-155">[153]</a> Subsequent models saw a reduction in number of parallel ports, with the final version only retaining one serial port.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> Sony marketed a development kit for amateur developers known as the <a href="/wiki/Net_Yaroze" title="Net Yaroze">Net Yaroze</a> (meaning "Let's do it together" in Japanese<a href="#cite_note-devthing-157">[155]</a>). It was launched in June 1996 in Japan,<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> and following public interest, was released the next year in other countries.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> The Net Yaroze allowed hobbyists to create their own games and upload them via an <a href="/wiki/Online_forum" class="mw-redirect" title="Online forum">online forum</a> run by Sony.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> The console was only available to buy through an ordering service and with the necessary documentation and software to program PlayStation games and applications through <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> programming compilers.<a href="#cite_note-Net_Yaroze-161">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PS_one">PS one</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: PS one">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony-PSone-Console-wScreen-Open-FL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photo of a PS One console against a pure white background with a 5-inch LCD screen attachment placed on top." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sony-PSone-Console-wScreen-Open-FL.jpg/220px-Sony-PSone-Console-wScreen-Open-FL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sony-PSone-Console-wScreen-Open-FL.jpg/330px-Sony-PSone-Console-wScreen-Open-FL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sony-PSone-Console-wScreen-Open-FL.jpg/440px-Sony-PSone-Console-wScreen-Open-FL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2760" data-file-height="3080" /></a><figcaption>The PS One "combo pack" with 5-inch LCD screen attachment</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_models#PS_One" title="PlayStation models">PlayStation models § PS One</a></div> On 7 July 2000, Sony released the PS One (stylised as PS one),<a href="#cite_note-SCEE_2000—Key_Facts_and_Figures-163">[161]</a> a smaller, redesigned version of the original PlayStation.<a href="#cite_note-SCEE_2000—Key_Facts_and_Figures-163">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-PSOne-164">[162]</a> It was the highest-selling console through the end of the year, outselling all other consoles—including the PlayStation 2.<a href="#cite_note-PSOne-164">[162]</a> In 2002, Sony released a 5-inch (130 mm) <a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal display">LCD</a> screen add-on for the PS One, referred to as the "Combo pack". It also included a <a href="/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet" title="Automobile auxiliary power outlet">car cigarette lighter</a> adaptor adding an extra layer of portability.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> Production of the LCD "Combo Pack" ceased in 2004, when the popularity of the PlayStation began to wane in markets outside Japan.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> A total of 28.15 million PS One units had been sold by the time it was discontinued in March 2006.<a href="#cite_note-shipments-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-stops-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controllers">Controllers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Controllers">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_controller" title="PlayStation controller">PlayStation controller</a> and <a href="/wiki/DualShock" title="DualShock">DualShock</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright" style="background-color:#FFFFFF"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:268px;max-width:268px;background-color:#FFFFFF"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:#FFFFFF;width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/File:PSX-Original-Controller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Original PlayStation controller" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/PSX-Original-Controller.jpg/130px-PSX-Original-Controller.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/PSX-Original-Controller.jpg/195px-PSX-Original-Controller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/PSX-Original-Controller.jpg/260px-PSX-Original-Controller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2620" data-file-height="2280" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:#FFFFFF;width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/File:PlayStation-Analog-Joystick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="PlayStation Analog Joystick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/PlayStation-Analog-Joystick.jpg/130px-PlayStation-Analog-Joystick.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/PlayStation-Analog-Joystick.jpg/195px-PlayStation-Analog-Joystick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/PlayStation-Analog-Joystick.jpg/260px-PlayStation-Analog-Joystick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3780" data-file-height="2820" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:#FFFFFF;width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/File:PSX-DualShock-Controller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="DualShock controller" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/PSX-DualShock-Controller.jpg/130px-PSX-DualShock-Controller.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/PSX-DualShock-Controller.jpg/195px-PSX-DualShock-Controller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/PSX-DualShock-Controller.jpg/260px-PSX-DualShock-Controller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3060" data-file-height="2400" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:#FFFFFF;width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/File:PlayStation_Dual_Analog.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dual Analog Controller" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/PlayStation_Dual_Analog.png/130px-PlayStation_Dual_Analog.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/PlayStation_Dual_Analog.png/195px-PlayStation_Dual_Analog.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/PlayStation_Dual_Analog.png/260px-PlayStation_Dual_Analog.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="318" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Clockwise from top left: an original <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_controller" title="PlayStation controller">PlayStation controller</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Analog_Joystick" title="PlayStation Analog Joystick">PlayStation Analog Joystick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dual_Analog_Controller" title="Dual Analog Controller">Dual Analog</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/DualShock#DualShock" title="DualShock">DualShock</a></div></div></div></div> Three iterations of the PlayStation's <a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">controller</a> were released over the console's lifespan. The first controller, the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_controller" title="PlayStation controller">PlayStation controller</a>, was released alongside the PlayStation in December 1994. It features four individual directional buttons (as opposed to a conventional <a href="/wiki/D-pad" title="D-pad">D-pad</a>), a pair of <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_buttons" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder buttons">shoulder buttons</a> on both sides, Start and Select buttons in the centre, and four face buttons consisting of simple geometric shapes: a green triangle, red circle, blue cross, and a pink square (<a href="/wiki/File:PlayStationTriangle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Triangle"><img alt="Triangle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/PlayStationTriangle.svg/18px-PlayStationTriangle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/PlayStationTriangle.svg/27px-PlayStationTriangle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/PlayStationTriangle.svg/36px-PlayStationTriangle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="15" /></a>, <a href="/wiki/File:PlayStationCircle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Circle"><img alt="Circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PlayStationCircle.svg/18px-PlayStationCircle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PlayStationCircle.svg/27px-PlayStationCircle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PlayStationCircle.svg/36px-PlayStationCircle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="15" /></a>, <a href="/wiki/File:PlayStationCross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross"><img alt="Cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/PlayStationCross.svg/18px-PlayStationCross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/PlayStationCross.svg/27px-PlayStationCross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/PlayStationCross.svg/36px-PlayStationCross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="15" /></a>, <a href="/wiki/File:PlayStationSquare.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Square"><img alt="Square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PlayStationSquare.svg/18px-PlayStationSquare.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PlayStationSquare.svg/27px-PlayStationSquare.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PlayStationSquare.svg/36px-PlayStationSquare.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="15" /></a>).<a href="#cite_note-controllersquare-168">[166]</a> Rather than depicting traditionally used letters or numbers onto its buttons, the PlayStation controller established a trademark which would be incorporated heavily into the PlayStation brand. Teiyu Goto, the designer of the original PlayStation controller, said that the circle and cross represent "yes" and "no", respectively (though this layout is reversed in Western versions); the triangle symbolises a point of view and the square is equated to a sheet of paper to be used to access menus.<a href="#cite_note-1upcontroller-169">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonnell1995-147">[145]</a> The European and North American models of the original PlayStation controllers are roughly 10% larger than its Japanese variant, to account for the fact the average person in those regions has larger hands than the average Japanese person.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199616-170">[168]</a> Sony's first analogue gamepad, the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Analog_Joystick" title="PlayStation Analog Joystick">PlayStation Analog Joystick</a> (often erroneously referred to as the "Sony Flightstick"), was first released in Japan in April 1996. Featuring two parallel joysticks, it uses potentiometer technology previously used on consoles such as the <a href="/wiki/Vectrex" title="Vectrex">Vectrex</a>; instead of relying on binary eight-way switches, the controller detects minute angular changes through the entire range of motion. The stick also features a thumb-operated digital hat switch on the right joystick, corresponding to the traditional D-pad, and used for instances when simple digital movements were necessary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMao199624-171">[169]</a> The Analog Joystick sold poorly in Japan due to its high cost and cumbersome size.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams199720-172">[170]</a> The increasing popularity of 3D games prompted Sony to add analogue sticks to its controller design to give users more freedom over their movements in virtual 3D environments.<a href="#cite_note-gaydarcontrollers-173">[171]</a> The first official analogue controller, the <a href="/wiki/Dual_Analog_Controller" title="Dual Analog Controller">Dual Analog Controller</a>, was revealed to the public in a small glass booth at the 1996 PlayStation Expo in Japan,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams199720-172">[170]</a> and released in April 1997 to coincide with the Japanese releases of analogue-capable games <a href="/wiki/Tobal_2" title="Tobal 2">Tobal 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bushido_Blade_(video_game)" title="Bushido Blade (video game)">Bushido Blade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> In addition to the two analogue sticks (which also introduced two new buttons mapped to clicking in the analogue sticks), the Dual Analog controller features an "Analog" button and <a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a> beneath the "Start" and "Select" buttons which toggles analogue functionality on or off.<a href="#cite_note-gaydarcontrollers-173">[171]</a> The controller also features <a href="/wiki/Haptic_technology" title="Haptic technology">rumble support</a>, though Sony decided that haptic feedback would be removed from all overseas iterations before the United States release.<a href="#cite_note-firsts-175">[173]</a> A Sony spokesman stated that the feature was removed for "manufacturing reasons", although rumours circulated that Nintendo had attempted to legally block the release of the controller outside Japan due to similarities with the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64_controller" title="Nintendo 64 controller">Nintendo 64 controller</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rumble_Pak" title="Rumble Pak">Rumble Pak</a>. However, a Nintendo spokesman denied that Nintendo took legal action. <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a>'s Chris Charla theorized that Sony dropped vibration feedback to keep the price of the controller down.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECharla1997a26-176">[174]</a> In November 1997, Sony introduced the <a href="/wiki/DualShock" title="DualShock">DualShock</a> controller. Its name derives from its use of two (dual) vibration motors (shock).<a href="#cite_note-IGNcontrollers-177">[175]</a> Unlike its predecessor, its analogue sticks feature textured rubber grips, longer handles, slightly different shoulder buttons and has rumble feedback included as standard on all versions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201526-178">[176]</a> The DualShock later replaced its predecessors as the default controller.<a href="#cite_note-controllersquare-168">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peripherals">Peripherals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Peripherals">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.4em;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PSX-Memory-Card.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="PlayStation Memory Card"><img alt="PlayStation Memory Card" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PSX-Memory-Card.jpg/100px-PSX-Memory-Card.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PSX-Memory-Card.jpg/150px-PSX-Memory-Card.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PSX-Memory-Card.jpg/200px-PSX-Memory-Card.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption>PlayStation Memory Card</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony-PocketStation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="PocketStation"><img alt="PocketStation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sony-PocketStation.jpg/85px-Sony-PocketStation.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sony-PocketStation.jpg/128px-Sony-PocketStation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sony-PocketStation.jpg/170px-Sony-PocketStation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2220" /></a><figcaption>PocketStation</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PlayStation-Multitap-Adaptor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Multiplayer Adaptor"><img alt="Multiplayer Adaptor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/PlayStation-Multitap-Adaptor.jpg/100px-PlayStation-Multitap-Adaptor.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/PlayStation-Multitap-Adaptor.jpg/150px-PlayStation-Multitap-Adaptor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/PlayStation-Multitap-Adaptor.jpg/200px-PlayStation-Multitap-Adaptor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5056" data-file-height="2752" /></a><figcaption>Multiplayer Adaptor</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:100px;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">PlayStation <a href="/wiki/Memory_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory Card">Memory Card</a></div> </td> <td style="width:100px;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/PocketStation" title="PocketStation">PocketStation</a></div> </td> <td style="width:100px;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Multitap" title="PlayStation Multitap">PlayStation Multitap</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PlayStation_Mouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="PlayStation Mouse"><img alt="PlayStation Mouse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/PlayStation_Mouse.jpg/100px-PlayStation_Mouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/PlayStation_Mouse.jpg/150px-PlayStation_Mouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/PlayStation_Mouse.jpg/200px-PlayStation_Mouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1854" data-file-height="1551" /></a><figcaption>PlayStation Mouse</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony-PlayStation-Link-Cables.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Link Cables"><img alt="Link Cables" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sony-PlayStation-Link-Cables.jpg/100px-Sony-PlayStation-Link-Cables.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sony-PlayStation-Link-Cables.jpg/150px-Sony-PlayStation-Link-Cables.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sony-PlayStation-Link-Cables.jpg/200px-Sony-PlayStation-Link-Cables.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>Link Cables</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Namco-GunCon-PS1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="GunCon"><img alt="GunCon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Namco-GunCon-PS1.jpg/100px-Namco-GunCon-PS1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Namco-GunCon-PS1.jpg/150px-Namco-GunCon-PS1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Namco-GunCon-PS1.jpg/200px-Namco-GunCon-PS1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2240" /></a><figcaption>GunCon</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:100px;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Mouse" title="PlayStation Mouse">PlayStation Mouse</a></div> </td> <td style="width:100px;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Link_Cable" title="PlayStation Link Cable">PlayStation Link Cable</a></div> </td> <td style="width:100px;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/GunCon" title="GunCon">GunCon</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> Sony released a series of peripherals to add extra layers of functionality to the PlayStation. Such peripherals include memory cards,<a href="#cite_note-GPro87-179">[177]</a> the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Mouse" title="PlayStation Mouse">PlayStation Mouse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockdale199540-181">[179]</a> the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Link_Cable" title="PlayStation Link Cable">PlayStation Link Cable</a>,<a href="#cite_note-GPro87-179">[177]</a> the Multiplayer Adapter (a four-player <a href="/wiki/Multitap" title="Multitap">multitap</a>),<a href="#cite_note-GPro87-179">[177]</a> the Memory Drive (a disk drive for <a href="/wiki/3.5-inch_floppy_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="3.5-inch floppy disk">3.5-inch floppy disks</a>),<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> the <a href="/wiki/GunCon" title="GunCon">GunCon</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Light_gun" title="Light gun">light gun</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Glasstron" title="Glasstron">Glasstron</a> (a monoscopic <a href="/wiki/Head-mounted_display" title="Head-mounted display">head-mounted display</a>).<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> Released exclusively in Japan, the <a href="/wiki/PocketStation" title="PocketStation">PocketStation</a> is a memory card peripheral which acts as a miniature <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">personal digital assistant</a>. The device features a monochrome <a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal display">liquid crystal display</a> (LCD), <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> communication capability, a real-time clock, built-in flash memory, and sound capability.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> Sharing similarities with the Dreamcast's <a href="/wiki/VMU" title="VMU">VMU</a> peripheral, the PocketStation was typically distributed with certain PlayStation games, enhancing them with added features.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201512-9">[9]</a> The PocketStation proved popular in Japan, selling over five million units.<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> Sony planned to release the peripheral outside Japan but the release was cancelled, despite receiving promotion in Europe and North America.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolf2008148-187">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Functionality">Functionality</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Functionality">edit</a>]</div> In addition to playing games, most PlayStation models are equipped to play audio CDs; the Asian model SCPH-5903 can also play <a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">Video CDs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest199724-188">[186]</a> Like most CD players, the PlayStation can play songs in a programmed order, shuffle the playback order of the disc and repeat one song or the entire disc. Later PlayStation models use a music visualisation function called SoundScope. This function, as well as a memory card manager, is accessed by starting the console without either inserting a game or closing the CD tray, thereby accessing a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) for the PlayStation BIOS.<a href="#cite_note-edgehistory-31">[30]</a> The GUI for the PS One and PlayStation differ depending on the firmware version: the original PlayStation GUI had a dark blue background with rainbow graffiti used as buttons, while the early PAL PlayStation and PS One GUI had a grey blocked background with two icons in the middle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry199553-189">[187]</a> PlayStation <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">emulation</a> is versatile and can be run on numerous modern devices.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bleem!" title="Bleem!">Bleem!</a> was a commercial emulator which was released for <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM-compatible PCs</a> and the Dreamcast in 1999. It was notable for being aggressively marketed during the PlayStation's lifetime, and was the centre of multiple controversial lawsuits filed by Sony. Bleem! was programmed in <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a>, which allowed it to emulate PlayStation games with improved visual fidelity, enhanced resolutions, and filtered textures that was not possible on original hardware.<a href="#cite_note-bleem-192">[190]</a> Sony sued Bleem! two days after its release, citing <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> and accusing the company of engaging in <a href="/wiki/Unfair_competition" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfair competition">unfair competition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patent_infringement" title="Patent infringement">patent infringement</a> by allowing use of PlayStation BIOSs on a Sega console.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> Bleem! were subsequently forced to shut down in November 2001.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copy_protection_system">Copy protection system</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Copy protection system">edit</a>]</div> Sony was aware that using CDs for game distribution could have left games vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Video_game_piracy" title="Video game piracy">piracy</a>, due to the growing popularity of <a href="/wiki/CD-R" title="CD-R">CD-R</a> and <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_drive" title="Optical disc drive">optical disc drives</a> with burning capability. To preclude illegal copying, a proprietary process for PlayStation <a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Disc manufacturing">disc manufacturing</a> was developed that, in conjunction with an augmented optical drive in Tiger H/E assembly, prevented burned copies of games from booting on an unmodified console. Specifically, all genuine PlayStation discs were printed with a small section of deliberate irregular data, which the PlayStation's optical pick-up was capable of detecting and <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">decoding</a>. Consoles would not boot game discs without a specific wobble frequency contained in the data of the disc <a href="/wiki/Pregap" title="Pregap">pregap</a> sector (the same system was also used to encode discs' <a href="/wiki/Regional_lockout" title="Regional lockout">regional lock-outs</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2015255-195">[193]</a> This signal was within <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Books" title="Rainbow Books">Red Book</a> CD tolerances, so PlayStation discs' actual content could still be read by a conventional disc drive; however, the disc drive could not detect the wobble frequency (therefore duplicating the discs omitting it), since the laser pickup system of any optical disc drive would interpret this wobble as an oscillation of the disc surface and compensate for it in the reading process.<a href="#cite_note-:0-196">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-patent-197">[195]</a> As the disc authenticity was only verified during <a href="/wiki/Booting" title="Booting">booting</a>, this copy protection system could be circumvented by swapping any genuine disc with the copied disc, while <a href="/wiki/Modchip" title="Modchip">modchips</a> could remove the protection system altogether by tricking the console into thinking the wobble is there on the pirated disc.<a href="#cite_note-:0-196">[194]</a> Sony untruthfully suggested in advertisements that discs' unique black undersides played a role in copy protection. In reality, the black plastic used was transparent to any infrared laser and did not itself pose an obstacle to duplicators or computer CD drives, although it may have helped customers distinguish between unofficial and genuine copies.<a href="#cite_note-:0-196">[194]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardware_problems">Hardware problems</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hardware problems">edit</a>]</div> Early PlayStations, particularly early 1000 models, experience skipping full-motion video or physical "ticking" noises from the unit. The problems stem from poorly placed vents leading to overheating in some environments, causing the plastic mouldings inside the console to warp slightly and create knock-on effects with the laser assembly. The solution is to sit the console on a surface which dissipates heat efficiently in a well vented area or raise the unit up slightly from its resting surface.<a href="#cite_note-problems-198">[196]</a> Sony representatives also recommended unplugging the PlayStation when it is not in use, as the system draws in a small amount of power (and therefore heat) even when turned off.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonnell199720-199">[197]</a> The first batch of PlayStations use a KSM-440AAM laser unit, whose case and movable parts are all built out of plastic. Over time, the plastic lens sled rail wears out—usually unevenly—due to friction. The placement of the laser unit close to the power supply accelerates wear, due to the additional heat, which makes the plastic more vulnerable to friction. Eventually, one side of the lens sled will become so worn that the laser can tilt, no longer pointing directly at the CD; after this, games will no longer load due to data read errors. Sony fixed the problem by making the sled out of <a href="/wiki/Die_casting" title="Die casting">die-cast</a> metal and placing the laser unit further away from the power supply on later PlayStation models.<a href="#cite_note-problems-198">[196]</a> Due to an engineering oversight, the PlayStation does not produce a proper signal on several older models of televisions, causing the display to flicker or bounce around the screen. Sony decided not to change the console design, since only a small percentage of PlayStation owners used such televisions, and instead gave consumers the option of sending their PlayStation unit to a Sony service centre to have an official <a href="/wiki/Modchip" title="Modchip">modchip</a> installed, allowing play on older televisions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris199620-200">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Game_library">Game library</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Game library">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_games_(A%E2%80%93L)" title="List of PlayStation games (A–L)">List of PlayStation games (A–L)</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_games_(M%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of PlayStation games (M–Z)">List of PlayStation games (M–Z)</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_video_games" title="List of best-selling PlayStation video games">List of best-selling PlayStation video games</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cancelled PlayStation video games">List of cancelled PlayStation video games</a></div> The PlayStation featured a diverse game library which grew to appeal to all types of players. Critically acclaimed PlayStation games included <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII" title="Final Fantasy VII">Final Fantasy VII</a> (1997), <a href="/wiki/Crash_Bandicoot_(video_game)" title="Crash Bandicoot (video game)">Crash Bandicoot</a> (1996), <a href="/wiki/Spyro_the_Dragon" title="Spyro the Dragon">Spyro the Dragon</a> (1998), <a href="/wiki/Metal_Gear_Solid_(1998_video_game)" title="Metal Gear Solid (1998 video game)">Metal Gear Solid</a> (1998), all of which became established franchises. Final Fantasy VII is credited with allowing <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game" title="Role-playing game">role-playing games</a> to gain mass-market appeal outside Japan,<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> and is considered one of the most influential and <a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_considered_the_best" title="List of video games considered the best">greatest video games ever made</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> The PlayStation's bestselling game is <a href="/wiki/Gran_Turismo_(1997_video_game)" title="Gran Turismo (1997 video game)">Gran Turismo</a> (1997), which sold 10.85 million units.<a href="#cite_note-granturismo-13">[13]</a> After the PlayStation's discontinuation in 2006, the cumulative software shipment was 962 million units.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> Following its initial 1994 launch in Japan, some of the notable early "launch window" titles were Ridge Racer, <a href="/wiki/Crime_Crackers" title="Crime Crackers">Crime Crackers</a>, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Field_(video_game)" title="King's Field (video game)">King's Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motor_Toon_Grand_Prix" title="Motor Toon Grand Prix">Motor Toon Grand Prix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toh_Shin_Den" class="mw-redirect" title="Toh Shin Den">Toh Shin Den</a> (i.e. Battle Arena Toshinden), and <a href="/wiki/Kileak:_The_Blood" class="mw-redirect" title="Kileak: The Blood">Kileak: The Blood</a>. The first two games available at its later North American launch were <a href="/wiki/Jumping_Flash!" title="Jumping Flash!">Jumping Flash!</a> (1995) and Ridge Racer,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran20157-204">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> with Jumping Flash! heralded as an ancestor for <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D graphics</a> in console gaming.<a href="#cite_note-jf-206">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wipeout_(video_game)" title="Wipeout (video game)">Wipeout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Combat" title="Air Combat">Air Combat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twisted_Metal" title="Twisted Metal">Twisted Metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warhawk_(1995_video_game)" title="Warhawk (1995 video game)">Warhawk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Destruction_Derby" title="Destruction Derby">Destruction Derby</a> were among the popular first year titles, being the first to be reissued as part of Sony's <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(PlayStation)" title="Greatest Hits (PlayStation)">Greatest Hits</a> or <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum Range">Platinum range</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-GPro104-208">[206]</a> At the time of the PlayStation's first Christmas season, Psygnosis had produced around 70% of its launch catalogue;<a href="#cite_note-hetherington-69">[68]</a> its breakthrough racing game Wipeout was acclaimed for its <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> soundtrack and helped raise awareness of Britain's <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground music</a> community.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eidos_Interactive" title="Eidos Interactive">Eidos Interactive</a>'s action-adventure game <a href="/wiki/Tomb_Raider_(1996_video_game)" title="Tomb Raider (1996 video game)">Tomb Raider</a> contributed substantially to the success of the console in 1996,<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> with its main protagonist <a href="/wiki/Lara_Croft" title="Lara Croft">Lara Croft</a> becoming an early gaming icon and garnering unprecedented media promotion.<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> Licensed <a href="/wiki/Tie-in" title="Tie-in">tie-in</a> video games of popular films were also prevalent; <a href="/wiki/Argonaut_Games" title="Argonaut Games">Argonaut Games</a>' 2001 adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone_(PlayStation_video_game)" title="Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (PlayStation video game)">Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</a> went on to sell over eight million copies late in the console's lifespan.<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> Third-party developers committed largely to the console's wide-ranging game catalogue even after the launch of the PlayStation 2;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201525-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeigh2018189-150">[148]</a> some of the notable exclusives in this era include Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, <a href="/wiki/Fear_Effect_2:_Retro_Helix" title="Fear Effect 2: Retro Helix">Fear Effect 2: Retro Helix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syphon_Filter_3" title="Syphon Filter 3">Syphon Filter 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-12:_Final_Resistance" title="C-12: Final Resistance">C-12: Final Resistance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance_Dance_Revolution_Konamix" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance Dance Revolution Konamix">Dance Dance Revolution Konamix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digimon_World_3" title="Digimon World 3">Digimon World 3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[c]</a> Initially, in the United States, PlayStation games were packaged in long cardboard boxes, similar to non-Japanese 3DO and Saturn games. Sony later switched to the <a href="/wiki/Jewel_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewel case">jewel case</a> format typically used for audio CDs and Japanese video games, as this format took up less retailer shelf space (which was at a premium due to the large number of PlayStation games being released), and <a href="/wiki/Focus_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Focus testing">focus testing</a> showed that most consumers preferred this format.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParus1997110–111-215">[212]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> The PlayStation was mostly well received upon release. Critics in the west generally welcomed the new console; the staff of <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a> reviewed the PlayStation a few weeks after its North American launch, where they commented that, while the CPU is "fairly average", the supplementary custom hardware, such as the GPU and sound processor, is stunningly powerful. They praised the PlayStation's focus on 3D, and complemented the comfort of its controller and the convenience of its memory cards. Giving the system 4<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1⁄2 out of 5 stars, they concluded, "To succeed in this extremely cut-throat market, you need a combination of great hardware, great games, and great marketing. Whether by skill, luck, or just deep pockets, Sony has scored three out of three in the first salvo of this war".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockdale199541-216">[213]</a> Albert Kim from <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> praised the PlayStation as a technological marvel, rivalling that of Sega and Nintendo.<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Famicom_Ts%C5%ABshin" class="mw-redirect" title="Famicom Tsūshin">Famicom Tsūshin</a> scored the console a 19 out of 40, lower than the Saturn's 24 out of 40, in May 1995.<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> In a 1997 year-end review, a team of five <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a> editors gave the PlayStation scores of 9.5, 8.5, 9.0, 9.0, and 9.5—for all five editors, the highest score they gave to any of the five consoles reviewed in the issue. They lauded the breadth and quality of the games library, saying it had vastly improved over previous years due to developers mastering the system's capabilities in addition to Sony revising its stance on 2D and role playing games. They also complimented the low price point of the games compared to the Nintendo 64's, and noted that it was the only console on the market that could be relied upon to deliver a solid stream of games for the coming year, primarily due to third party developers almost unanimously favouring it over its competitors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyer199846-219">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> SCE was an upstart in the video game industry in late 1994, as the video game market in the early 1990s was dominated by Nintendo and Sega. Nintendo had been the clear leader in the industry since the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> in 1985 and the Nintendo 64 was initially expected to maintain this position. The PlayStation's target audience included the generation which was the first to grow up with mainstream video games, along with 18- to 29-year-olds who were not the primary focus of Nintendo.<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> By the late 1990s, Sony became a highly regarded console brand due to the PlayStation, with a significant lead over second-place Nintendo, while Sega was relegated to a distant third.<a href="#cite_note-vs-221">[218]</a> The PlayStation became the first "computer entertainment platform" to ship over 100 million units worldwide,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran20159-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sony_Computer_Entertainment-222">[219]</a> with many critics attributing the console's success to third-party developers.<a href="#cite_note-hutchinson-87">[86]</a> It remains the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_game_consoles" title="List of best-selling game consoles">sixth best-selling console of all time</a> as of 2024, with a total of 102.49 million units sold.<a href="#cite_note-Sony_Computer_Entertainment-222">[219]</a> Around 7,900 individual games were published for the console during its 11-year life span, the second-most games ever produced for a console.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran20159-10">[10]</a> Its success resulted in a significant financial boon for Sony as profits from its video game division contributed to 23%.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200010-223">[220]</a> Sony's next-generation <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a>, which is <a href="/wiki/Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">backward compatible</a> with the PlayStation's <a href="/wiki/DualShock" title="DualShock">DualShock</a> controller and games, was announced in 1999 and launched in 2000. The PlayStation's lead in installed base and developer support paved the way for the success of its successor,<a href="#cite_note-vs-221">[218]</a> which overcame the earlier launch of the Sega's Dreamcast and then fended off competition from <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s newcomer <a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a> and Nintendo's <a href="/wiki/GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-pcworld1-225">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> The PlayStation 2's immense success and failure of the Dreamcast were among the main factors which led to Sega abandoning the console market.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> To date, five PlayStation home consoles have been released, which have continued the same numbering scheme, as well as two portable systems. The <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a> also maintained backward compatibility with original PlayStation discs.<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> Hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_downloadable_PlayStation_games" title="Lists of downloadable PlayStation games">PlayStation games have been digitally re-released</a> on the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a>, PlayStation 3, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_5" title="PlayStation 5">PlayStation 5</a>.<a href="#cite_note-initial_lineup-230">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> The PlayStation has often ranked among the best video game consoles. In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Retro_Gamer" title="Retro Gamer">Retro Gamer</a> named it the third best console, crediting its sophisticated 3D capabilities as one of its key factors in gaining mass success, and lauding it as a "game-changer in every sense possible".<a href="#cite_note-retrolegacy-232">[229]</a> In 2009, <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a> ranked the PlayStation the seventh best console in their list, noting its appeal towards older audiences to be a crucial factor in propelling the video game industry, as well as its assistance in transitioning game industry to use the CD-ROM format.<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> Keith Stuart from <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> likewise named it as the seventh best console in 2020, declaring that its success was so profound it "ruled the 1990s".<a href="#cite_note-guardiangood-234">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CD_format">CD format</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: CD format">edit</a>]</div> The success of the PlayStation contributed to the demise of cartridge-based home consoles. While not the first system to use an optical disc format, it was the first highly successful one, and ended up going head-to-head with the proprietary cartridge-relying Nintendo 64,<a href="#cite_note-236">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-pcworld1-225">[222]</a> which the industry had expected to use CDs like PlayStation.<a href="#cite_note-maher20231208-62">[61]</a> After the demise of the Sega Saturn, Nintendo was left as Sony's main competitor in Western markets. Nintendo chose not to use CDs for the Nintendo 64; it was likely concerned with the proprietary cartridge format's ability to help enforce <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64_Game_Pak#Copy_protection" title="Nintendo 64 Game Pak">copy protection</a>, given its substantial reliance on <a href="/wiki/Licensing" class="mw-redirect" title="Licensing">licensing</a> and exclusive games for its revenue.<a href="#cite_note-versus-237">[233]</a> Besides their larger capacity, CD-ROMs could be produced in bulk quantities at a much faster rate than ROM cartridges, a week compared to two to three months.<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura2000103-239">[235]</a> Further, the cost of production per unit was far cheaper, allowing Sony to offer games about 40% lower cost to the user compared to ROM cartridges while still making the same amount of net revenue. In Japan, Sony published fewer copies of a wide variety of games for the PlayStation as a risk-limiting step, a model that had been used by Sony Music for CD audio discs. The production flexibility of CD-ROMs meant that Sony could produce larger volumes of popular games to get onto the market quickly, something that could not be done with cartridges due to their manufacturing lead time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura2000103,_105-240">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-maher20231208-62">[61]</a> The lower production costs of CD-ROMs also allowed publishers an additional source of profit: budget-priced reissues of games which had already recouped their development costs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELundrigan19969-120">[118]</a> Tokunaka remarked in 1996: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Choosing CD-ROM is one of the most important decisions that we made. As I'm sure you understand, PlayStation could just as easily have worked with masked ROM [cartridges]. The 3D engine and everything—the whole PlayStation format—is independent of the media. But for various reasons (including the economies for the consumer, the ease of the manufacturing, inventory control for the trade, and also the software publishers) we deduced that CD-ROM would be the best media for PlayStation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELundrigan19969-120">[118]</a> </blockquote> The increasing complexity of developing games pushed cartridges to their storage limits and gradually discouraged some third-party developers. Part of the CD format's appeal to publishers was that they could be produced at a significantly lower cost and offered more production flexibility to meet demand.<a href="#cite_note-pcworld1-225">[222]</a> As a result, some third-party developers switched to the PlayStation, including <a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)" title="Square (video game company)">Square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enix" title="Enix">Enix</a>, whose Final Fantasy VII and <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_VII" title="Dragon Quest VII">Dragon Quest VII</a> respectively had been planned for the Nintendo 64 (both companies later merged to form <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix">Square Enix</a>).<a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a> Other developers released fewer games for the Nintendo 64 (<a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>, releasing only thirteen N64 games but over fifty on the PlayStation). Nintendo 64 game releases were less frequent than the PlayStation's, with many being developed by either Nintendo itself or second-parties such as <a href="/wiki/Rare_(company)" title="Rare (company)">Rare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-versus-237">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PlayStation_Classic">PlayStation Classic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: PlayStation Classic">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Classic" title="PlayStation Classic">PlayStation Classic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PlayStation_Classic_Konsole_%2B_Controller_(transparenter_Hintergrund).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A PlayStation Classic console and controller against a pure white background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PlayStation_Classic_Konsole_%2B_Controller_%28transparenter_Hintergrund%29.png/220px-PlayStation_Classic_Konsole_%2B_Controller_%28transparenter_Hintergrund%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PlayStation_Classic_Konsole_%2B_Controller_%28transparenter_Hintergrund%29.png/330px-PlayStation_Classic_Konsole_%2B_Controller_%28transparenter_Hintergrund%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PlayStation_Classic_Konsole_%2B_Controller_%28transparenter_Hintergrund%29.png/440px-PlayStation_Classic_Konsole_%2B_Controller_%28transparenter_Hintergrund%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2390" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Classic" title="PlayStation Classic">PlayStation Classic</a> console and controller</figcaption></figure> The PlayStation Classic is a <a href="/wiki/Dedicated_console" title="Dedicated console">dedicated video game console</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment" title="Sony Interactive Entertainment">Sony Interactive Entertainment</a> that <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">emulates</a> PlayStation games. It was announced in September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Game_Show" title="Tokyo Game Show">Tokyo Game Show</a>, and released on 3 December 2018, the 24th anniversary of the release of the original console.<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-Machkovech-245">[241]</a> As a dedicated console, the PlayStation Classic features 20 pre-installed games; the games run off the open source emulator <a href="/wiki/PCSX" class="mw-redirect" title="PCSX">PCSX</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> The console is bundled with two replica wired PlayStation controllers (those without analogue sticks), an <a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a> cable, and a <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a>-Type A cable.<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> Internally, the console uses a <a href="/wiki/MediaTek" title="MediaTek">MediaTek</a> MT8167a Quad <a href="/wiki/Cortex-A35" class="mw-redirect" title="Cortex-A35">A35</a> <a href="/wiki/System_on_a_chip" title="System on a chip">system on a chip</a> with four central processing cores clocked at @ 1.5 <a href="/wiki/GHz" class="mw-redirect" title="GHz">GHz</a> and a <a href="/wiki/PowerVR#Series8XE_(Rogue)" title="PowerVR">Power VR GE8300</a> graphics processing unit. It includes 16 GB of eMMC flash storage and 1 Gigabyte of <a href="/wiki/DDR3_SDRAM" title="DDR3 SDRAM">DDR3 SDRAM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> The PlayStation Classic is 45% smaller than the original console.<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> The PlayStation Classic received negative reviews from critics and was compared unfavorably to Nintendo's rival <a href="/wiki/NES_Classic_Edition" title="NES Classic Edition">Nintendo Entertainment System Classic Edition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Super_NES_Classic_Edition" title="Super NES Classic Edition">Super Nintendo Entertainment System Classic Edition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ignclassic-250">[246]</a> Criticism was directed at its meager game library, <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a>, emulation quality, use of PAL versions for certain games, use of the original controller, and high retail price, though the console's design received praise.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> The console sold poorly.<a href="#cite_note-ignclassic-250">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation:_The_Official_Magazine" title="PlayStation: The Official Magazine">PlayStation: The Official Magazine</a> (PSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Sound_Format" title="Portable Sound Format">Portable Sound Format</a> (PSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_573" title="System 573">System 573</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: プレイステーション, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: Pureisutēshon </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Technically, there is one exception to this. The <a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a>, though consistently outsold by the PlayStation during this period, had more cumulative sales at the end of 1995, chiefly due to its having been on the market for nearly two years longer than the PlayStation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockdale199554-108">[107]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> Based on <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a> analysis for post-2000 games. </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a> was the last major home console to use <a href="/wiki/ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">cartridges</a> as its primary storage format until the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a> in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-developmentNA-1"><a href="#cite_ref-developmentNA_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227100114/http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatausa_e.html">"Business Development/North America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a>. 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Retrieved 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Business+Development%2FNorth+America&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Sony+Computer+Entertainment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scei.co.jp%2Fcorporate%2Fdata%2Fbizdatausa_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-developmentJP-2"><a href="#cite_ref-developmentJP_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040422074823/http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatajpn_e.html">"Business Development/Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a>. 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Wired. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209215614/https://www.wired.com/2013/10/hiroshi-yamauchi-henk-rogers/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Remembering+My+Friend%2C+Hiroshi+Yamauchi&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft.issn=1059-1028&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Henk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2013%2F10%2Fhiroshi-yamauchi-henk-rogers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201510-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201510_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201510_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201510_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201510_37-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFerran201510_37-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcFerran2015">McFerran 2015</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200025-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsakura200025_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAsakura2000">Asakura 2000</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-venture-39"><a href="#cite_ref-venture_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonovan2018" class="citation web cs1">Donovan, Tristan (23 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200830165935/https://venturebeat.com/2018/06/23/the-story-behind-nintendos-betrayal-of-sony-and-how-it-created-its-fiercest-rival/">"The story behind Nintendo's betrayal of Sony – and how it created its fiercest rival"</a>. <a href="/wiki/VentureBeat" title="VentureBeat">VentureBeat</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/1995/09/22/sony-releases-playstation/">the original</a> on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Sony+releases+the+Playstation&rft.date=1995-09-22&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F1995%2F09%2F22%2Fsony-releases-playstation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Game Machine Cross Review: セガサターン". Weekly Famicom Tsūshin (in Japanese). 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Retrieved 31 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PlayStation+Cumulative+Production+Shipments+of+Hardware&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Sony+Computer+Entertainment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scei.co.jp%2Fcorporate%2Fdata%2Fbizdataps_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsakura200010-223"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsakura200010_223-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAsakura2000">Asakura 2000</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/top-25-consoles/7.html">"PlayStation is number 7"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113091647/http://www.ign.com/top-25-consoles/7.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2012. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamespot.com/articles/playstation-3-not-100-percent-backward-compatible/1100-6136677/">the original</a> on 21 April 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2006/12/06/joystiq-guide-psone-downloads-hit-the-psp-by-way-of-the-ps3/">the original</a> on 5 February 2016. 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Retrieved 6 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesRadar&rft.atitle=The+30+best+video+game+consoles+and+systems+of+all+time&rft.au=25+December+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesradar.com%2Fuk%2Fbest-video-game-console-system-of-all-time%2F4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707172446/https://www.ign.com/lists/top-25-consoles/7">"Top 25 Video Game Consoles - IGN.com"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. 21 July 2009. 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Retrieved 29 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=PlayStation+Classic+Review&rft.date=2018-11-27&rft.aulast=Ogilvie&rft.aufirst=Tristan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2018%2F11%2F27%2Fplaystation-classic-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouman2019" class="citation web cs1">Bouman, Amber (21 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200907002534/https://www.engadget.com/2019-06-21-playstation-classic-user-review-roundup.html">"Why is the PlayStation Classic so unpopular?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: <a href="/wiki/Verizon_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Media">Verizon Media</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2019-06-21-playstation-classic-user-review-roundup.html">the original</a> on 7 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engadget&rft.atitle=Why+is+the+PlayStation+Classic+so+unpopular%3F&rft.date=2019-06-21&rft.aulast=Bouman&rft.aufirst=Amber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2019-06-21-playstation-classic-user-review-roundup.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchreier2018" class="citation web cs1">Schreier, Jason (27 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422002005/https://kotaku.com/playstation-classic-gets-huge-price-cut-which-says-a-l-1831338278">"PlayStation Classic Gets Huge Price Cut, Which Says A Lot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>: <a href="/wiki/Univision_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Univision Communications">Univision Communications</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/playstation-classic-gets-huge-price-cut-which-says-a-l-1831338278">the original</a> on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=PlayStation+Classic+Gets+Huge+Price+Cut%2C+Which+Says+A+Lot&rft.date=2018-12-27&rft.aulast=Schreier&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Fplaystation-classic-gets-huge-price-cut-which-says-a-l-1831338278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1997" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson, Diane (June 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/NextGeneration30Jun1997/page/n55/mode/2up?view=theater">"Sony PlayStation: The People's Choice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a> (30). <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>: <a href="/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a>: 54–57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Next+Generation&rft.atitle=Sony+PlayStation%3A+The+People%27s+Choice&rft.issue=30&rft.pages=54-57&rft.date=1997-06&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FNextGeneration30Jun1997%2Fpage%2Fn55%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsakura2000" class="citation book cs1">Asakura, Reiji (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/revolutionariesa00reij">Revolutionaries at Sony: The Making of the Sony PlayStation</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-135587-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-135587-2"><bdi>978-0-07-135587-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolutionaries+at+Sony%3A+The+Making+of+the+Sony+PlayStation&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-07-135587-2&rft.aulast=Asakura&rft.aufirst=Reiji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frevolutionariesa00reij&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaggatta1997" class="citation journal cs1">Baggatta, Patric (August 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/NEXT_Generation_32/page/n9/mode/2up">"What's The "Father of the PlayStation" Playing At?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a>. 3 (32). <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>: <a href="/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a>: 8–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Next+Generation&rft.atitle=What%27s+The+%22Father+of+the+PlayStation%22+Playing+At%3F&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=8-13&rft.date=1997-08&rft.aulast=Baggatta&rft.aufirst=Patric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FNEXT_Generation_32%2Fpage%2Fn9%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyer1998" class="citation journal cs1">Boyer, Crispin (March 1998). 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No. 77. <a href="/wiki/Newtonville,_Massachusetts" title="Newtonville, Massachusetts">Newtonville</a>: <a href="/wiki/IDG_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="IDG Entertainment">IDG Entertainment</a>. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190217144415/https://archive.org/stream/GamePro_Issue_077_December_1995#page/n17/mode/2up">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GamePro&rft.atitle=The+Magazine+Biz&rft.issue=77&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1995-12&rft.aulast=Crotty&rft.aufirst=Janice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FGamePro_Issue_077_December_1995%23page%2Fn17%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdge_staff1995a" class="citation magazine cs1">"Japanese Stats Give Saturn the Edge". <a href="/wiki/Edge_(magazine)" title="Edge (magazine)">Edge</a>. Vol. 3, no. 19. <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>: <a href="/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a>. April 1995. pp. 10–11. <q>This equates to the Saturn shifting an average number of 17,241 units a day and the PlayStation 15,789.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Edge&rft.atitle=Japanese+Stats+Give+Saturn+the+Edge&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=10-11&rft.date=1995-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdge_staff1995b" class="citation magazine cs1">"Daytona USA". <a href="/wiki/Edge_(magazine)" title="Edge (magazine)">Edge</a>. Vol. 3, no. 21. <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>: <a href="/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a>. June 1995. pp. 72–75. <q>Although AM2 has managed to replicate the coin-op tolerably well, Saturn Daytona fails to capture the arcade experience that PlayStation Ridge Racer so convincingly delivers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Edge&rft.atitle=Daytona+USA&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=72-75&rft.date=1995-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesmond1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Desmond, Mike (January 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ElectronicGamingMonthly_201902/Electronic%20Gaming%20Monthly%20Issue%20066%20%28January%201995%29/page/n183/mode/2up">"Namco Discuss the Making of Ridge Racer for the Sony PlayStation!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a>. No. 66. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. pp. 170–171. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-918X">1058-918X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Gaming+Monthly&rft.atitle=Namco+Discuss+the+Making+of+Ridge+Racer+for+the+Sony+PlayStation%21&rft.issue=66&rft.pages=170-171&rft.date=1995-01&rft.issn=1058-918X&rft.aulast=Desmond&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FElectronicGamingMonthly_201902%2FElectronic%2520Gaming%2520Monthly%2520Issue%2520066%2520%2528January%25201995%2529%2Fpage%2Fn183%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeMariaWilson2004" class="citation book cs1">DeMaria, Rusel; Wilson, Johnny L. 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High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games. <a href="/wiki/Emeryville,_California" title="Emeryville, California">California</a>: <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill_Osborne_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill Osborne Media">McGraw-Hill Osborne Media</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-223172-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-223172-6"><bdi>0-07-223172-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+Score%21%3A+The+Illustrated+History+of+Electronic+Games&rft.place=California&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Osborne+Media&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-07-223172-6&rft.aulast=DeMaria&rft.aufirst=Rusel&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Johnny+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2015" class="citation book cs1">Green, Garo; Kaufman, James, eds. (3 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9gV8BgAAQBAJ">Video Games and Creativity</a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780128017050" title="Special:BookSources/9780128017050"><bdi>9780128017050</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831165129/https://books.google.com/books?id=9gV8BgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Video+Games+and+Creativity&rft.place=London&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2015-08-03&rft.isbn=9780128017050&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9gV8BgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2014" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Blake J. (2014). Console Wars: Sega, Nintendo, and the Battle That Defined a Generation. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-227669-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-227669-8"><bdi>978-0-06-227669-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Console+Wars%3A+Sega%2C+Nintendo%2C+and+the+Battle+That+Defined+a+Generation&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-06-227669-8&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Blake+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Harris, Steve (December 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ElectronicGamingMonthly_201902/Electronic%20Gaming%20Monthly%20Issue%20065%20%28December%201994%29#page/n81/mode/2up">"Sony's PlayStation Debuts in Japan!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a>. No. 65. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. p. 70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Gaming+Monthly&rft.atitle=Sony%27s+PlayStation+Debuts+in+Japan%21&rft.issue=65&rft.pages=70&rft.date=1994-12&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FElectronicGamingMonthly_201902%2FElectronic%2520Gaming%2520Monthly%2520Issue%2520065%2520%2528December%25201994%2529%23page%2Fn81%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Harris, Steve (February 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ElectronicGamingMonthly_201902/Electronic%20Gaming%20Monthly%20Issue%20079%20%28February%201996%29/page/n19/mode/2up">"Sony Handles TV Woes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a>. No. 79. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Gaming+Monthly&rft.atitle=Sony+Handles+TV+Woes&rft.issue=79&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1996-02&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FElectronicGamingMonthly_201902%2FElectronic%2520Gaming%2520Monthly%2520Issue%2520079%2520%2528February%25201996%2529%2Fpage%2Fn19%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_L._Kent" title="Steven L. Kent">Kent, Steven L.</a> (2001). <a href="/wiki/The_Ultimate_History_of_Video_Games:_The_Story_Behind_the_Craze_That_Touched_Our_Lives_and_Changed_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World">The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roseville,_California" title="Roseville, California">Roseville</a>: <a href="/wiki/Prima_Games" title="Prima Games">Prima Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Craze+That+Touched+Our+Lives+and+Changed+the+World&rft.place=Roseville&rft.pub=Prima+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeigh2018" class="citation book cs1">Leigh, Peter (2018). The Nostalgia Nerd's Retro Tech. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Publishing" title="Lagardère Publishing">Lagardère Publishing</a>. pp. 188–191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1781575703" title="Special:BookSources/978-1781575703"><bdi>978-1781575703</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nostalgia+Nerd%27s+Retro+Tech&rft.place=London&rft.pages=188-191&rft.pub=Lagard%C3%A8re+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1781575703&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundrigan1996" class="citation journal cs1">Lundrigan, Jeff (November 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/NextGeneration23Nov1996_2400/page/n3/mode/2up">"Will the real boss of Sony please step forward?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a>. 2. <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>: <a href="/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a>: 7–10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Next+Generation&rft.atitle=Will+the+real+boss+of+Sony+please+step+forward%3F&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=7-10&rft.date=1996-11&rft.aulast=Lundrigan&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FNextGeneration23Nov1996_2400%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMäyrä2002" class="citation book cs1">Mäyrä, Frans (2002). "Console Games in the Age of Convergence". Computer Games and Digital Cultures: Conference Proceedings: Proceedings of the Computer Games and Digital Cultures Conference, 6–8 June 2002. <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>: Tampere University Press. pp. 45–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9514453717" title="Special:BookSources/978-9514453717"><bdi>978-9514453717</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Console+Games+in+the+Age+of+Convergence&rft.btitle=Computer+Games+and+Digital+Cultures%3A+Conference+Proceedings%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Computer+Games+and+Digital+Cultures+Conference%2C+6%E2%80%938+June+2002&rft.place=Tampere&rft.pages=45-58&rft.pub=Tampere+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-9514453717&rft.aulast=M%C3%A4yr%C3%A4&rft.aufirst=Frans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonnell1995" class="citation magazine cs1">McDonnell, Chet (March 1995). "The Sony PlayStation plays for keeps". <a href="/wiki/GamePro" title="GamePro">GamePro</a>. No. 68. <a href="/wiki/Newtonville,_Massachusetts" title="Newtonville, Massachusetts">Newtonville</a>: <a href="/wiki/IDG_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="IDG Entertainment">IDG Entertainment</a>. p. 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GamePro&rft.atitle=The+Sony+PlayStation+plays+for+keeps&rft.issue=68&rft.pages=36&rft.date=1995-03&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=Chet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonnell1997" class="citation magazine cs1">McDonnell, Chet (March 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GamePro_Issue_092_March_1997/page/n21/mode/2up">"Buyer's Beware"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GamePro" title="GamePro">GamePro</a>. No. 92. <a href="/wiki/Newtonville,_Massachusetts" title="Newtonville, Massachusetts">Newtonville</a>: <a href="/wiki/IDG_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="IDG Entertainment">IDG Entertainment</a>. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GamePro&rft.atitle=Buyer%27s+Beware&rft.issue=92&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1997-03&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=Chet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGamePro_Issue_092_March_1997%2Fpage%2Fn21%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFerran2015" class="citation book cs1">McFerran, Damien (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/The_PlayStation_Book_2015_UK/mode/2up">The PlayStation Book</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imagine_Publishing" title="Imagine Publishing">Imagine Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1785-461-064" title="Special:BookSources/978-1785-461-064"><bdi>978-1785-461-064</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+PlayStation+Book&rft.place=Bournemouth&rft.pub=Imagine+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1785-461-064&rft.aulast=McFerran&rft.aufirst=Damien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FThe_PlayStation_Book_2015_UK%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMewatt1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Mewatt, Todd (October 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ElectronicGamingMonthly_201902/Electronic%20Gaming%20Monthly%20Issue%20075%20%28October%201995%29#page/n15/mode/2up">"But It'll Sure Look Pretty on the Shelf..."</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a>. No. 75. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Gaming+Monthly&rft.atitle=But+It%27ll+Sure+Look+Pretty+on+the+Shelf...&rft.issue=75&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1995-10&rft.aulast=Mewatt&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FElectronicGamingMonthly_201902%2FElectronic%2520Gaming%2520Monthly%2520Issue%2520075%2520%2528October%25201995%2529%23page%2Fn15%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMao1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Mao, Francis (April 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GamePro_Issue_091_Volume_08_Number_04_1996-04_IDG_Publishing_US/page/n23/mode/2up">"Soar and descend"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GamePro" title="GamePro">GamePro</a>. No. 91. <a href="/wiki/Newtonville,_Massachusetts" title="Newtonville, Massachusetts">Newtonville</a>: <a href="/wiki/IDG_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="IDG Entertainment">IDG Entertainment</a>. p. 24. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GamePro&rft.atitle=Soar+and+descend&rft.issue=91&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1996-04&rft.aulast=Mao&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGamePro_Issue_091_Volume_08_Number_04_1996-04_IDG_Publishing_US%2Fpage%2Fn23%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParus1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Parus, Scott (March 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ElectronicGamingMonthly_201902/Electronic%20Gaming%20Monthly%20Issue%20092%20%28March%201997%29/page/n111/mode/2up">"Do Good Things Come in Small Packages?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a>. No. 92. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. pp. 110–111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Gaming+Monthly&rft.atitle=Do+Good+Things+Come+in+Small+Packages%3F&rft.issue=92&rft.pages=110-111&rft.date=1997-03&rft.aulast=Parus&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FElectronicGamingMonthly_201902%2FElectronic%2520Gaming%2520Monthly%2520Issue%2520092%2520%2528March%25201997%2529%2Fpage%2Fn111%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry1995" class="citation journal cs1">Perry, Douglass (June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nextgen-issue-006/page/n47/mode/2up">"Digital Disciples: Sony's PlayStation Game Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a>. 1 (6). <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>: <a href="/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a>: 45–53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Next+Generation&rft.atitle=Digital+Disciples%3A+Sony%27s+PlayStation+Game+Plan&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=45-53&rft.date=1995-06&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Douglass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnextgen-issue-006%2Fpage%2Fn47%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeves1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Neves, Lawrence (September 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GamePro_Issue_096_Volume_08_Number_09_1996-09_IDG_Publishing_US/page/n21/mode/2up">"Dramatic Price Cuts Boost Sony and Sega Sales"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GamePro" title="GamePro">GamePro</a>. No. 96. <a href="/wiki/Newtonville,_Massachusetts" title="Newtonville, Massachusetts">Newtonville</a>: <a href="/wiki/IDG_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="IDG Entertainment">IDG Entertainment</a>. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GamePro&rft.atitle=Dramatic+Price+Cuts+Boost+Sony+and+Sega+Sales&rft.issue=96&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1996-09&rft.aulast=Neves&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGamePro_Issue_096_Volume_08_Number_09_1996-09_IDG_Publishing_US%2Fpage%2Fn21%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenrad1993" class="citation magazine cs1">Senrad, Ed (December 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ElectronicGamingMonthly_201902/Electronic%20Gaming%20Monthly%20Issue%20053%20%28December%201993%29#page/n69/mode/2up">"Sony To Intro 32-bit System!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a>. No. 53. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. p. 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Gaming+Monthly&rft.atitle=Sony+To+Intro+32-bit+System%21&rft.issue=53&rft.pages=68&rft.date=1993-12&rft.aulast=Senrad&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FElectronicGamingMonthly_201902%2FElectronic%2520Gaming%2520Monthly%2520Issue%2520053%2520%2528December%25201993%2529%23page%2Fn69%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiro1991" class="citation journal cs1">Shapiro, Eben (3 June 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/03/business/nintendo-philips-deal-is-a-slap-at-sony.html">"Nintendo-Philips Deal Is a Slap at Sony"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: 86. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407073804/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/03/business/nintendo-philips-deal-is-a-slap-at-sony.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nintendo-Philips+Deal+Is+a+Slap+at+Sony&rft.pages=86&rft.date=1991-06-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Eben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F06%2F03%2Fbusiness%2Fnintendo-philips-deal-is-a-slap-at-sony.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkaggs1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Skaggs, Kathy (September 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GamePro_Issue_074_September_1995/page/n139/mode/2up">"Sega and Sony Go to War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GamePro" title="GamePro">GamePro</a>. No. 74. <a href="/wiki/Newtonville,_Massachusetts" title="Newtonville, Massachusetts">Newtonville</a>: <a href="/wiki/IDG_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="IDG Entertainment">IDG Entertainment</a>. p. 138.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GamePro&rft.atitle=Sega+and+Sony+Go+to+War&rft.issue=74&rft.pages=138&rft.date=1995-09&rft.aulast=Skaggs&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGamePro_Issue_074_September_1995%2Fpage%2Fn139%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Smith, Shawn (June 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ElectronicGamingMonthly_201902/Electronic%20Gaming%20Monthly%20Issue%20083%20%28June%201996%29#page/n15/mode/2up">"A tale of Sega's two Saturn controllers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a>. 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No. 95. <a href="/wiki/Newtonville,_Massachusetts" title="Newtonville, Massachusetts">Newtonville</a>: <a href="/wiki/IDG_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="IDG Entertainment">IDG Entertainment</a>. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707033430/https://archive.org/stream/GamePro_Issue_085_August_1996#page/n17/mode/2up">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GamePro&rft.atitle=News+Bits&rft.issue=95&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1996-08&rft.aulast=Strodder&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FGamePro_Issue_085_August_1996%23page%2Fn17%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Williams, Ken (January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ElectronicGamingMonthly_201902/Electronic%20Gaming%20Monthly%20Issue%20090%20%28January%201997%29#page/n19/mode/2up/search/sega">"Touché, N64 Pad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a>. No. 90. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Gaming+Monthly&rft.atitle=Touch%C3%A9%2C+N64+Pad&rft.issue=90&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1997-01&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FElectronicGamingMonthly_201902%2FElectronic%2520Gaming%2520Monthly%2520Issue%2520090%2520%2528January%25201997%2529%23page%2Fn19%2Fmode%2F2up%2Fsearch%2Fsega&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest1997" class="citation journal cs1">West, Neil (March 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/NEXT_Generation_27/page/n25/mode/2up">"Saturn/PS-X sequels"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a> (27). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imagine_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagine Media">Imagine Media</a>: 24. Retrieved 29 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Next+Generation&rft.atitle=Saturn%2FPS-X+sequels&rft.issue=27&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1997-03&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FNEXT_Generation_27%2Fpage%2Fn25%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf2008" class="citation book cs1">Wolf, Mark (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XiM0ntMybNwC&pg=PA148">The Video Game Explosion: A History From PONG to Playstation and Beyond</a>. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a>: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33868-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33868-7"><bdi>978-0-313-33868-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Video+Game+Explosion%3A+A+History+From+PONG+to+Playstation+and+Beyond&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33868-7&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXiM0ntMybNwC%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlayStation+%28console%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Yaroze">Net Yaroze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_controller" title="PlayStation controller">Controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Analog_Controller" title="Dual Analog Controller">Dual Analog Controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DualShock#DualShock" title="DualShock">DualShock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Analog_Joystick" title="PlayStation Analog Joystick">Analog Joystick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Link_Cable" title="PlayStation Link Cable">Link Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Mouse" title="PlayStation Mouse">Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Multitap" title="PlayStation Multitap">Multitap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PocketStation" title="PocketStation">PocketStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GunCon" title="GunCon">GunCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogcon" title="Jogcon">Jogcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namco_Arcade_Stick" title="Namco Arcade Stick">Namco Arcade Stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeGcon" title="NeGcon">NeGcon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_games_(A%E2%80%93L)" title="List of PlayStation games (A–L)">A–L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_games_(M%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of PlayStation games (M–Z)">M–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_video_games" title="List of best-selling PlayStation video games">Best-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cancelled PlayStation video games">Cancelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Net_Yaroze_games" title="List of Net Yaroze games">Net Yaroze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jampack" title="Jampack">Jampack</a></li> <li>Budget Ranges <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(PlayStation)" title="Greatest Hits (PlayStation)">Greatest Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essentials_(PlayStation)" title="Essentials (PlayStation)">Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_(PlayStation)" title="The Best (PlayStation)">The Best</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleem!" title="Bleem!">Bleem!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connectix_Virtual_Game_Station" title="Connectix Virtual Game Station">Connectix Virtual Game Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPSXe" title="EPSXe">ePSXe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCSX-Reloaded" title="PCSX-Reloaded">PCSX-Reloaded</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Super_NES_CD-ROM" title="Super NES CD-ROM">Super NES CD-ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_573" title="System 573">System 573</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Classic" title="PlayStation Classic">PlayStation Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygon_Man" title="Polygon Man">Polygon Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Life_(PlayStation_ad)" title="Double Life (PlayStation ad)">Double Life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:PlayStation_(console)" title="Category:PlayStation (console)">Category</a></li> <li>Successor: <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="PlayStation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PlayStation" title="Template:PlayStation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PlayStation" title="Template talk:PlayStation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PlayStation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PlayStation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="PlayStation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment" title="Sony Interactive Entertainment">Sony Interactive Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Studios" title="PlayStation Studios">PlayStation Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home consoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PlayStation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_models" title="PlayStation models">Models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_technical_specifications" title="PlayStation technical specifications">Main hardware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2_models" title="PlayStation 2 models">Models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2_technical_specifications" title="PlayStation 2 technical specifications">Main hardware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_models" title="PlayStation 3 models">Models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_technical_specifications" title="PlayStation 3 technical specifications">Main hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_system_software" title="PlayStation 3 system software">System software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4_technical_specifications" title="PlayStation 4 technical specifications">Main hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4_system_software" title="PlayStation 4 system software">System software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_5" title="PlayStation 5">PlayStation 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Handhelds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PocketStation" title="PocketStation">PocketStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable_system_software" title="PlayStation Portable system software">System software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita_system_software" title="PlayStation Vita system software">System software</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PSX_(digital_video_recorder)" title="PSX (digital video recorder)">PSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_TV" title="PlayStation TV">PlayStation TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Classic" title="PlayStation Classic">PlayStation Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="PlayStation" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PlayStation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_games_(A%E2%80%93L)" title="List of PlayStation games (A–L)">A–L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_games_(M%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of PlayStation games (M–Z)">M–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Net_Yaroze_games" title="List of Net Yaroze games">Net Yaroze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_video_games" title="List of best-selling PlayStation video games">Best-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_PS_one_Classics" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of PS one Classics">Downloadable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_downloadable_PlayStation_games_(Japan)" title="List of downloadable PlayStation games (Japan)">JP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_downloadable_PlayStation_games_(North_America)" title="List of downloadable PlayStation games (North America)">NA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_downloadable_PlayStation_games_(PAL_region)" title="List of downloadable PlayStation games (PAL region)">PAL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_games" title="List of cancelled PlayStation games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PS2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_2_games_(A%E2%80%93K)" title="List of PlayStation 2 games (A–K)">A–K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_2_games_(L%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of PlayStation 2 games (L–Z)">L–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_2_video_games" title="List of best-selling PlayStation 2 video games">Best-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_2_online_games" title="List of PlayStation 2 online games">Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_downloadable_PlayStation_2_games" title="List of downloadable PlayStation 2 games">Downloadable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_2_games" title="List of cancelled PlayStation 2 games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PS3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_3_games_(A%E2%80%93C)" title="List of PlayStation 3 games (A–C)">A–C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_3_games_(D%E2%80%93I)" title="List of PlayStation 3 games (D–I)">D–I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_3_games_(J%E2%80%93P)" title="List of PlayStation 3 games (J–P)">J–P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_3_games_(Q%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of PlayStation 3 games (Q–Z)">Q–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_3_video_games" title="List of best-selling PlayStation 3 video games">Best-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_3_games" title="List of cancelled PlayStation 3 games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PS4</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_4_games_(A%E2%80%93L)" title="List of PlayStation 4 games (A–L)">A–L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_4_games_(M%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of PlayStation 4 games (M–Z)">M–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_4_video_games" title="List of best-selling PlayStation 4 video games">Best-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_4_free-to-play_games" title="List of PlayStation 4 free-to-play games">Free-to-play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR_games" title="List of PlayStation VR games">PS VR games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_4_games" title="List of cancelled PlayStation 4 games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PS5</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_5_games" title="List of PlayStation 5 games">A–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_5_video_games" title="List of best-selling PlayStation 5 video games">Best-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR2_games" title="List of PlayStation VR2 games">PS VR2 games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Portable_games" title="List of PlayStation Portable games">A-Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_downloadable_PlayStation_Portable_games" title="List of downloadable PlayStation Portable games">Downloadable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_minis" title="List of PlayStation minis">PS minis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PSP_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of best-selling PSP video games">Best selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_Portable_games" title="List of cancelled PlayStation Portable games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_PlayStation_Vita_games" title="Lists of PlayStation Vita games">PS Vita</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(A%E2%80%93D)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (A–D)">A–D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(E%E2%80%93H)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (E–H)">E–H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(I%E2%80%93L)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (I–L)">I–L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(M%E2%80%93O)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (M–O)">M–O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(P%E2%80%93R)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (P–R)">P–R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(S)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (S)">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(T%E2%80%93V)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (T–V)">T–V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(W%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (W–Z)">W–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_Vita_games" title="List of cancelled PlayStation Vita games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Mobile_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of PlayStation Mobile games">PS Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Store_TurboGrafx-16_games" title="List of PlayStation Store TurboGrafx-16 games">TurboGrafx-16 Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEOGEO_Station" title="NEOGEO Station">NEOGEO Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_remasters_for_PlayStation_consoles" title="High-definition remasters for PlayStation consoles">Classics HD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reprints</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(PlayStation)" title="Greatest Hits (PlayStation)">Greatest Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essentials_(PlayStation)" title="Essentials (PlayStation)">Essentials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_(PlayStation)" title="The Best (PlayStation)">The Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BigHit_Series" title="BigHit Series">BigHit Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Network</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Network" title="PlayStation Network">PlayStation Network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_PlayStation_Network_outage" title="2011 PlayStation Network outage">2011 outage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Station_(online_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Station (online service)">Central Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FirstPlay" title="FirstPlay">FirstPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_App" title="PlayStation App">PlayStation App</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Home" title="PlayStation Home">PlayStation Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Mobile" title="PlayStation Mobile">PlayStation Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Now" title="PlayStation Now">PlayStation Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Store" title="PlayStation Store">PlayStation Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Video" title="PlayStation Video">PlayStation Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vue" title="PlayStation Vue">PlayStation Vue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2_online_functionality" title="PlayStation 2 online functionality">PS2 online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Broadband_Navigator" title="PlayStation Broadband Navigator">PlayStation Broadband Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_for_PlayStation_Portable" title="Room for PlayStation Portable">Room for PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VidZone" title="VidZone">VidZone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controllers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_controller" title="PlayStation controller">PlayStation controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Mouse" title="PlayStation Mouse">PlayStation Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Analog_Joystick" title="PlayStation Analog Joystick">Analog Joystick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Analog_Controller" title="Dual Analog Controller">Dual Analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DualShock" title="DualShock">DualShock / DualSense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixaxis" title="Sixaxis">Sixaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Move" title="PlayStation Move">PlayStation Move</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cameras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EyeToy" title="EyeToy">EyeToy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go!Cam" title="Go!Cam">Go!Cam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Eye" title="PlayStation Eye">PlayStation Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Camera" title="PlayStation Camera">PlayStation Camera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Multitap" title="PlayStation Multitap">Multitap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Link_Cable" title="PlayStation Link Cable">Link Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2_accessories" title="PlayStation 2 accessories">PS2 accessories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2_Expansion_Bay" title="PlayStation 2 Expansion Bay">PlayStation 2 Expansion Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_accessories" title="PlayStation 3 accessories">PS3 accessories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayTV" title="PlayTV">PlayTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonderbook" title="Wonderbook">Wonderbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR" title="PlayStation VR">PlayStation VR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR2" title="PlayStation VR2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portal" title="PlayStation Portal">PlayStation Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Net_Yaroze" title="Net Yaroze">Net Yaroze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_for_PlayStation_2" title="Linux for PlayStation 2">PS2 Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GScube" title="GScube">GScube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OtherOS" title="OtherOS">OtherOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zego" title="Zego">Zego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Official_U.S._PlayStation_Magazine" title="Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine">Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation:_The_Official_Magazine" title="PlayStation: The Official Magazine">PlayStation: The Official Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Official_Magazine_%E2%80%93_UK" title="PlayStation Official Magazine – UK">PlayStation Official Magazine – UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Official_Magazine_%E2%80%93_Australia" title="PlayStation Official Magazine – Australia">PlayStation Official Magazine – Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_PlayStation_Magazine_(Ireland)" title="Official PlayStation Magazine (Ireland)">Official PlayStation Magazine (Ireland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Underground" title="PlayStation Underground">PlayStation Underground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advertisements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Life_(PlayStation_ad)" title="Double Life (PlayStation ad)">Double Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_(advertisement)" title="Mountain (advertisement)">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_marketing#PlayStation" title="Sony marketing">PlayStation marketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polygon_Man" title="Polygon Man">Polygon Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Butler_(character)" title="Kevin Butler (character)">Kevin Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arcade_system_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcade system board">Arcade boards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namco_System_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Namco System 11">Namco System 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namco_System_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Namco System 12">System 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namco_System_10" title="Namco System 10">System 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namco_System_246" title="Namco System 246">System 246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namco_System_357" title="Namco System 357">System 357</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_573" title="System 573">Konami System 573</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jampack" title="Jampack">Jampack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_NES_CD-ROM" title="Super NES CD-ROM">Super NES CD-ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xperia_Play" title="Xperia Play">Sony Ericsson Xperia Play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sony_consoles" title="Category:Sony consoles">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sony" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sony" title="Template:Sony"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sony" title="Template talk:Sony"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sony" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sony"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sony" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sony" title="History of Sony">History</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masaru_Ibuka" title="Masaru Ibuka">Masaru Ibuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akio_Morita" title="Akio Morita">Akio Morita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary businesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony#Electronics_Products_&_Solutions" title="Sony">Sony Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony#Imaging_&_Sensing_Solutions" title="Sony">Sony Semiconductor Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment" title="Sony Entertainment">Sony Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Group" title="Sony Music Group">Sony Music Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Publishing" title="Sony Music Publishing">Publishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures" title="Sony Pictures">Sony Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Financial_Group" title="Sony Financial Group">Sony Financial Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Life" title="Sony Life">Sony Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Bank" title="Sony Bank">Sony Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment" title="Sony Interactive Entertainment">Sony Interactive Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment_Japan" title="Sony Music Entertainment Japan">Sony Music Entertainment Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniplex" title="Aniplex">Aniplex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sony_trademarks" title="List of Sony trademarks">Technologies and brands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_%CE%B1" title="Sony α">α (Alpha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacam" title="Betacam">Betacam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bionz" title="Bionz">Bionz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravia_(brand)" title="Bravia (brand)">Bravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_(microprocessor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell (microprocessor)">Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-shot" title="Cyber-shot">Cyber-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dash" title="Sony Dash">Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dream_Machine" title="Sony Dream Machine">Dream Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exmor" title="Exmor">Exmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeliCa" title="FeliCa">FeliCa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handycam" title="Handycam">Handycam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDCAM" title="HDCAM">HDCAM/HDCAM-SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMZ-T1" title="HMZ-T1">HMZ-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inzone" title="Inzone">Inzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocationFree_Player" title="LocationFree Player">LocationFree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_Stick" title="Memory Stick">Memory Stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">MiniDV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroMV" title="MicroMV">MicroMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylo_(Sony)" title="Mylo (Sony)">mylo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayNow_Arena" title="PlayNow Arena">PlayNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Reader" title="Sony Reader">Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Sound" title="Sony Dynamic Digital Sound">SDDS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_8_channel_SDDS_films" title="List of 8 channel SDDS films">8 channel films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Network" title="Sony Entertainment Network">Sony Entertainment Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_X-tal_Reflective_Display" title="Silicon X-tal Reflective Display">SXRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Tablet" title="Sony Tablet">Sony Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_diode" title="Tunnel diode">Tunnel diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TransferJet" title="TransferJet">TransferJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">UMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_mm_video_format" title="8 mm video format">Video8/Hi8/Digital8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Vision-S" title="Sony Vision-S">Vision-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDCAM" title="XDCAM">XDCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Xperia" title="Sony Xperia">Xperia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIBO" title="AIBO">AIBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CV-2000" title="CV-2000">CV-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape" title="Digital Audio Tape">DAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLI%C3%89" title="CLIÉ">Sony CLIÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discman" title="Discman">Discman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumbotron" title="Jumbotron">Jumbotron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Lissa" title="Sony Lissa">Lissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Mavica" title="Sony Mavica">Mavica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_NEWS" title="Sony NEWS">NEWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optiarc" title="Optiarc">Optiarc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualia_(Sony)" title="Qualia (Sony)">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Rolly" title="Sony Rolly">Rolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-55" title="TR-55">TR-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitron" title="Trinitron">Trinitron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FD_Trinitron/WEGA" title="FD Trinitron/WEGA">FD series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_C_videotape" title="Type C videotape">1 inch Type C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-matic" title="U-matic">U-matic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Watchman" title="Sony Watchman">Watchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEGA" title="WEGA">WEGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electronics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Creative_Software" title="Sony Creative Software">Sony Creative Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeliCa" title="FeliCa">FeliCa Networks</a> (57%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">Online distribution</a> <a href="/wiki/Content_delivery_network" title="Content delivery network">platforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Network" title="PlayStation Network">PlayStation Network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Now" title="PlayStation Now">PlayStation Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Store" title="PlayStation Store">PlayStation Store</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Core" title="Sony Pictures Core">Sony Pictures Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SonyLIV" title="SonyLIV">SonyLIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Flix" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Flix">Great American Pure Flix</a> (joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Media" title="Great American Media">Great American Media</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former/Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former/Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayNow_Arena" title="PlayNow Arena">PlayNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Video" title="PlayStation Video">PlayStation Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vue" title="PlayStation Vue">PlayStation Vue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll_EMEA#Anime_Digital_Network" title="Crunchyroll EMEA">Anime Digital Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime_on_Demand" title="Anime on Demand">Anime on Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll_Store_Australia#AnimeLab" title="Crunchyroll Store Australia">AnimeLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funimation" title="Funimation">Funimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakanim" title="Wakanim">Wakanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRV_(streaming_service)" title="VRV (streaming service)">VRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Network" title="Sony Entertainment Network">Sony Entertainment Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crackle_(service)" title="Crackle (service)">Crackle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Minisode_Network" title="The Minisode Network">Minisodes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other businesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Digital_Audio_Disc_Corporation" title="Sony Digital Audio Disc Corporation">Sony DADC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So-net" title="So-net">Sony Network Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Professional_Solutions" title="Sony Professional Solutions">Sony Professional Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Honda_Mobility" title="Sony Honda Mobility">Sony Honda Mobility</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDLinx" title="MDLinx">M3</a> (39.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a> (4.9%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Corporation_of_America" title="Sony Corporation of America">Sony Corporation of America</a> (umbrella company in the US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Sony" title="List of assets owned by Sony">Other subsidiaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Sony" title="List of acquisitions by Sony">List of acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_owned_by_Sony" title="List of libraries owned by Sony">List of libraries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nonprofit organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shohoku_College" title="Shohoku College">Sony Institute of Higher Education Shohoku College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Toshiba_IBM_Center_of_Competence_for_the_Cell_Processor" title="Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor">Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_timer" title="Sony timer">Sony timer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_consoles_(fifth_generation)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_consoles" title="Template:Video game consoles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_consoles" title="Template talk:Video game consoles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_consoles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game consoles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_consoles_(fifth_generation)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Video game consoles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">fifth generation</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Form factor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game console</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microconsole" title="Microconsole">Microconsole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">Handheld game console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Hybrid_video_game_console" title="Video game console">Hybrid video game console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functionality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_console" title="Dedicated console">Dedicated console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Retro_style_console" title="Video game console">Retro style console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="Home video game console generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="First generation of video game consoles">First (1972–1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">Second (1976–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Third generation of video game consoles">Third (1983–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">Fourth (1987–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">Fifth (1993–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Sixth generation of video game consoles">Sixth (1998–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Seventh generation of video game consoles">Seventh (2005–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Eighth generation of video game consoles">Eighth (2012–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Ninth generation of video game consoles">Ninth (2020–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fifth generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DO" title="3DO">3DO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32">Amiga CD32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Atari Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_Loopy" title="Casio Loopy">Casio Loopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_Towns_Marty" title="FM Towns Marty">FM Towns Marty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_CD" title="Neo Geo CD">Neo Geo CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-FX" title="PC-FX">NEC PC-FX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playdia" title="Playdia">Playdia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PlayStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Sega Saturn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Handheld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_Master_Senshi_Mangajukuu" class="mw-redirect" title="Design Master Senshi Mangajukuu">Design Master Senshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Color" title="Game Boy Color">Game Boy Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game.com" title="Game.com">Game.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_Pocket" title="Neo Geo Pocket">Neo Geo Pocket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_Pocket_Color" title="Neo Geo Pocket Color">Color</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PocketStation" title="PocketStation">PocketStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-Zone" title="R-Zone">R-Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Nomad" title="Genesis Nomad">Genesis Nomad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Boy" title="Virtual Boy">Virtual Boy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dedicated_video_game_consoles" title="List of dedicated video game consoles">Dedicated video game consoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_handheld_game_consoles" title="List of handheld game consoles">Handheld game consoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_home_video_game_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of home video game consoles">Home video game consoles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microconsoles" title="List of microconsoles">Microconsoles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_retro_style_video_game_consoles" title="List of retro style video game consoles">Retro style video game consoles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">← Fourth generation</a></div> <div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Sixth generation of video game consoles">Sixth generation →</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">Emulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_game" title="Console game">Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_console_gaming" title="Online console gaming">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles" title="History of video game consoles">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_video_game_consoles" title="Lists of video game consoles">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Console manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Home_video_game_consoles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Template:Home video game consoles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Template talk:Home video game consoles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home video game consoles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Home_video_game_consoles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game consoles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atari" title="Atari">Atari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_5200" title="Atari 5200">Atari 5200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_7800" title="Atari 7800">Atari 7800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_XEGS" title="Atari XEGS">XEGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Flashback" title="Atari Flashback">Flashback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_VCS_(2021_console)" title="Atari VCS (2021 console)">VCS (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600%2B" title="Atari 2600+">2600+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_Super_Vision_8000" title="Bandai Super Vision 8000">Super Vision 8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_2001#Bandai_Arcadia" title="Arcadia 2001">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_RX-78" title="Bandai RX-78">RX-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playdia" title="Playdia">Playdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Apple Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terebikko" title="Terebikko">Terebikko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PV-1000" title="PV-1000">PV-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_Loopy" title="Casio Loopy">Casio Loopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coleco" title="Coleco">Coleco</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coleco_Telstar_Arcade" title="Coleco Telstar Arcade">Coleco Telstar Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColecoVision" title="ColecoVision">ColecoVision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_64_Games_System" title="Commodore 64 Games System">Commodore 64 Games System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_CDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore CDTV">CDTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32">Amiga CD32</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_Co." title="Epoch Co.">Epoch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_Vision" title="Cassette Vision">Cassette Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Cassette_Vision" title="Super Cassette Vision">Super Cassette Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LeapFrog_Enterprises" title="LeapFrog Enterprises">LeapFrog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leapster" title="Leapster">Leapster TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClickStart" title="ClickStart">ClickStart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeapTV" title="LeapTV">LeapTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intellivision" title="Intellivision">Intellivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperScan" title="HyperScan">HyperScan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S" title="Xbox Series X and Series S">Xbox Series X/S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TurboGrafx-16" title="TurboGrafx-16">PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-FX" title="PC-FX">PC-FX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Family Computer/Nintendo Entertainment System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Famicom/Super NES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Switch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Q">Panasonic Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey_2" title="Magnavox Odyssey 2">Odyssey 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philips_Videopac%2B_G7400" title="Philips Videopac+ G7400">Videopac+ G7400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-i" title="CD-i">CD-i</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Studio_II" title="RCA Studio II">RCA Studio II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuon_(DVD_technology)" title="Nuon (DVD technology)">RCA Nuon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SG-1000" title="SG-1000">SG-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Mega Drive/Genesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sega_CD" title="Sega CD">Sega CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32X" title="32X">32X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamcast" title="Dreamcast">Dreamcast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo" title="Neo Geo">Neo Geo</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_(system)" title="Neo Geo (system)">Neo Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_CD" title="Neo Geo CD">Neo Geo CD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> (<a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PlayStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_5" title="PlayStation 5">PlayStation 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/VTech" title="VTech">VTech</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VTech_CreatiVision" title="VTech CreatiVision">CreatiVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech_Socrates" title="VTech Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V.Smile" title="V.Smile">V.Smile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V.Flash" title="V.Flash">V.Flash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APF-MP1000" title="APF-MP1000">APF-MP1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bally_Astrocade" title="Bally Astrocade">Bally Astrocade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Channel_F" title="Fairchild Channel F">Fairchild Channel F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interton_Video_Computer_4000" title="Interton Video Computer 4000">Interton VC 4000</a>/<a href="/wiki/1292_Advanced_Programmable_Video_System" title="1292 Advanced Programmable Video System">1292 Advanced Programmable Video System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Max" title="Action Max">Action Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_2001" title="Arcadia 2001">Arcadia 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakken_Compact_Vision_TV_Boy" title="Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy">Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcyon_(console)" title="Halcyon (console)">RDI Halcyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectrex" title="Vectrex">Vectrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View-Master_Interactive_Vision" title="View-Master Interactive Vision">View-Master Interactive Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_GX4000" title="Amstrad GX4000">Amstrad GX4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Apple Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_System#Capcom_Power_System_Changer" title="CP System">CPS Changer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_Towns_Marty" title="FM Towns Marty">FM Towns Marty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoldStar" title="GoldStar">Goldstar</a> (<a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserActive" title="LaserActive">LaserActive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_A%27Can" title="Super A'Can">Super A'Can</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DISCover" title="DISCover">DISCover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVO_Smart_Console" title="EVO Smart Console">EVO Smart Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Wave_Family_Entertainment_System" title="Game Wave Family Entertainment System">Game Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperscan">Hyperscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavix" title="Xavix">Xavix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebo" title="Zeebo">Zeebo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CT510" title="CT510">CT510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_Machine_(hardware_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam Machine (hardware platform)">Steam Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polymega" title="Polymega">Polymega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evercade_VS" title="Evercade VS">Evercade VS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_home_video_game_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of home video game consoles">List</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:EC1835_C_cut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/16px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/24px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/32px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:1990s" title="Portal:1990s">1990s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/19px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/29px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Electronics" title="Portal:Electronics">Electronics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/21px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/42px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10677#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4509578-4">Germany</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&oldid=1258868741">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PlayStation_(console)&oldid=1258868741</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_brands" title="Category:Japanese brands">Japanese brands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:PlayStation_(brand)" title="Category:PlayStation (brand)">PlayStation (brand)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1994" title="Category:Products introduced in 1994">Products introduced in 1994</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Products_and_services_discontinued_in_2006" title="Category:Products and services discontinued in 2006">Products and services discontinued in 2006</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sony_consoles" title="Category:Sony consoles">Sony consoles</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" 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articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2023">Use dmy dates from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_self-published_sources" title="Category:All articles with self-published sources">All articles with self-published sources</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_self-published_sources_from_May_2022" title="Category:Articles with self-published sources from May 2022">Articles with self-published sources from May 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 02:03 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a 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267.593 1 Template:Infobox"," 8.77% 213.854 53 Template:Cite_magazine"," 5.31% 129.442 12 Template:Navbox"," 3.82% 93.045 1 Template:PlayStation_(console)"," 3.54% 86.361 1 Template:Nihongo_foot"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.451","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22748014,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF25_December_2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAoyamaIzushi2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsakura2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAshcraft2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAshcraft2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaggatta1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBankhurst2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBecker2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBecker2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlache,_FabianFielder,_Lauren2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBouman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoxerBoxer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoyer1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBramwell2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBramwell2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrunskill2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalem1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarpenter2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasamassina2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharla1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharla1997a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharla1997b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrotty1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeMariaWilson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesmond1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonovan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDornbush2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdge_staff1995a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdge_staff1995b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdge_staff2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahey2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahey2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFamitsu_staff1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFelit2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFunk1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGameTrailers2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodfellow1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrant2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartley2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHealey2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHester2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilliard2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorsman1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHosie2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutchinson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIGN_staff1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIGN_staff1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJC_Fletcher2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKato2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKenkel1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKent2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKim1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohler2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKraus2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLangshaw2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeadbetter2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeadbetter2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeigh2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLundrigan1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMCV_staff2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMachkovech2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagrino2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaher2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMao1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonnell1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonnell1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcFerran2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcFerran2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKinley_Noble2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMewatt1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMäyrä2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeves1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNutt2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOgilvie2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOwen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParus1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatterson,_Patrick2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerry1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRivera2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchreier2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSenrad1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShapiro1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinclair2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkaggs1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStafford2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewart2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockdale1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrodder1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStuart2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStuart2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSvenson1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwann2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwearingen2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTailby2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorsen2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomaselliDi_Seriode_Oliveira2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTotilo2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitehead2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolf2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYin-Pool2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"\\\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"'s\"] = 1,\n [\"1/2\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Break\"] = 2,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 10,\n [\"Center\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite mag\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 53,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 103,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Currentisoyear\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Playstation\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"Featured article\"] = 1,\n [\"Fifth generation game consoles\"] = 1,\n [\"Font color\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 5,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Home video game consoles\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation/year\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox information appliance\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Nihongo foot\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"PlayStation\"] = 1,\n [\"PlayStation (console)\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 6,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Self-published inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 123,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 1,\n [\"Sony Corp\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date\"] = 12,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"US$\"] = 1,\n [\"USD\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Vgrelease\"] = 2,\n [\"¥\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","240","16.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","16.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","120","8.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","100","7.0"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","5.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","60","4.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","60","4.2"],["(for generator) \u003Cmw.lua:684\u003E","60","4.2"],["init \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Identifiers\u003E","60","4.2"],["[others]","320","22.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-cvmrm","timestamp":"20241125142730","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"PlayStation (console)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PlayStation_(console)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10677","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10677","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-14T14:47:09Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T02:03:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4e\/Playstation_logo_colour.svg","headline":"5th generation video game console 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