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<li id="toc-Cartridge-based_video_game_consoles_and_home_computers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cartridge-based_video_game_consoles_and_home_computers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cartridge-based video game consoles and home computers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cartridge-based_video_game_consoles_and_home_computers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="خرطوشة روم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خرطوشة روم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Гульнявы картрыдж – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гульнявы картрыдж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartutx_(maquinari)" title="Cartutx (maquinari) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cartutx (maquinari)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartridge" title="Cartridge – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cartridge" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul_(Computerspiele)" title="Modul (Computerspiele) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Modul (Computerspiele)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartucho_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Cartucho (informática) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cartucho (informática)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="رام کارتریج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رام کارتریج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartouche_de_jeu_vid%C3%A9o" title="Cartouche de jeu vidéo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cartouche de jeu vidéo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartucho_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Cartucho (informática) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cartucho (informática)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%AC_%EC%B9%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80" title="롬 카트리지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="롬 카트리지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katrij_ROM" title="Katrij ROM – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katrij ROM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartuccia_(informatica)" title="Cartuccia (informatica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cartuccia (informatica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM-%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="ROM-კარტრიჯი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ROM-კარტრიჯი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDaidimo_kaset%C4%97" title="Žaidimo kasetė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žaidimo kasetė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoccia_(informatega)" title="Cartoccia (informatega) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cartoccia (informatega)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartrij_ROM" title="Kartrij ROM – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kartrij ROM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelcartridge" title="Spelcartridge – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spelcartridge" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A0%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="ロムカセット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロムカセット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillkassett" title="Spillkassett – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spillkassett" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelkassett" title="Spelkassett – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spelkassett" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartrid%C5%BC" title="Kartridż – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kartridż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartucho_(jogos_eletr%C3%B4nicos)" title="Cartucho (jogos eletrônicos) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cartucho (jogos eletrônicos)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Игровой картридж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Игровой картридж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartridge_(electronics)" title="Cartridge (electronics) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cartridge (electronics)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartrid%C5%BE_(pam%C3%A4%C5%A5)" title="Kartridž (pamäť) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kartridž (pamäť)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelimoduuli" title="Pelimoduuli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pelimoduuli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelkassett" title="Spelkassett – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spelkassett" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyun_kasedi" title="Oyun kasedi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oyun kasedi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Ігровий картридж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ігровий картридж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%A6" title="ROM卡带 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="ROM卡带" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_%E5%92%AD%E5%8C%A3" title="ROM 咭匣 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="ROM 咭匣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%A6" title="ROM卡带 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="ROM卡带" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Game cartridge" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cartridge (disambiguation)">Cartridge</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Replaceable device used for the distribution and storage of video games</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_raider_cart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Star_raider_cart.jpg/220px-Star_raider_cart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Star_raider_cart.jpg/330px-Star_raider_cart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Star_raider_cart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption> A <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Raiders" title="Star Raiders">Star Raiders</a></i> ROM cartridge for an Atari computer</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>ROM cartridge</b>, usually referred to in context simply as a <b>cartridge</b>, <b>cart</b>, <b>cassette</b>, or <b>card</b>, is a replaceable part designed to be connected to a <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a> device such as a <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game console</a> or, to a lesser extent, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_musical_instrument" title="Electronic musical instrument">electronic musical instruments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Read-Only_Memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Read-Only Memory">ROM</a> cartridges allow users to rapidly load and access programs and data alongside a <a href="/wiki/Floppy_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Floppy drive">floppy drive</a> in a home computer; in a video game console, the cartridges are standalone. At the time around their release, ROM cartridges provided security against <a href="/wiki/Software_copyright" title="Software copyright">unauthorised copying</a> of software. However, the manufacturing of ROM cartridges was more expensive than floppy disks, and the storage capacity was smaller.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ROM cartridges and slots were also used for various hardware accessories and enhancements. </p><p>The widespread usage of the ROM cartridge in video gaming applications has led it to be often colloquially called a <b>game cartridge</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROM_cartridge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WIKI_TI-59_ROM_Module_20161212.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/WIKI_TI-59_ROM_Module_20161212.jpg/220px-WIKI_TI-59_ROM_Module_20161212.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/WIKI_TI-59_ROM_Module_20161212.jpg/330px-WIKI_TI-59_ROM_Module_20161212.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/WIKI_TI-59_ROM_Module_20161212.jpg/440px-WIKI_TI-59_ROM_Module_20161212.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4457" data-file-height="3350" /></a><figcaption>TI-59 programmable calculator with ROM software library module at right, showing gold-plated contacts. Via the modules, software for a broad spectrum of applications could be bought, even for navigational calculations at sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Solid_state_catalog_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Solid_state_catalog-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>ROM cartridges were popularized by early <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computers</a> which featured a special bus port for the insertion of cartridges containing software in <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a>. In most cases the designs were fairly crude, with the entire <a href="/wiki/Address_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Address bus">address</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">data buses</a> exposed by the port and attached via an <a href="/wiki/Edge_connector" title="Edge connector">edge connector</a>; the cartridge was <a href="/wiki/Memory_map" title="Memory map">memory mapped</a> directly into the system's <a href="/wiki/Address_space" title="Address space">address space</a><sup id="cite_ref-Balaska_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balaska-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such that the CPU could <a href="/wiki/Execute_in_place" title="Execute in place">execute the program in place</a> without having to first copy it into expensive RAM. </p><p>The Texas Instruments <a href="/wiki/TI-59_/_TI-58" title="TI-59 / TI-58">TI-59</a> family of programmable scientific calculators used interchangeable ROM cartridges that could be installed in a slot at the back of the calculator. The calculator came with a module that provides several standard mathematical functions including the solution of simultaneous equations. Other modules were specialized for financial calculations, or other subject areas, and even a "games" module. Modules were not user-programmable. The Hewlett-Packard <a href="/wiki/HP-41C" title="HP-41C">HP-41C</a> had expansion slots which could hold ROM memory as well as I/O expansion ports. </p><p>Computers using cartridges in addition to magnetic media are the <a href="/wiki/VIC-20" title="VIC-20">VIC-20</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a>, <a href="/wiki/MSX" title="MSX">MSX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atari_8-bit_computers" title="Atari 8-bit computers">Atari 8-bit computers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-AutoNC-1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoNC-1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/TI-99/4A" title="TI-99/4A">TI-99/4A</a> (where they were called <i>Solid State Command Modules</i> and were not directly mapped to the system bus) and <a href="/wiki/IBM_PCjr" title="IBM PCjr">IBM PCjr</a><sup id="cite_ref-AutoNC-2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoNC-2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (where the cartridge was mapped into <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a> space). Some <a href="/wiki/Arcade_system_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcade system board">arcade system boards</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Capcom" title="Capcom">Capcom</a>'s <a href="/wiki/CP_System" title="CP System">CP System</a> and <a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo" title="Neo Geo">Neo Geo</a>, also used ROM cartridges. Cassettes and floppy disks cost less than ROM cartridges<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and some memory cards were sold as an inexpensive alternative to ROM cartridges.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_cartridge_of_magnavox_odyssey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/First_cartridge_of_magnavox_odyssey.jpg/220px-First_cartridge_of_magnavox_odyssey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/First_cartridge_of_magnavox_odyssey.jpg/330px-First_cartridge_of_magnavox_odyssey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/First_cartridge_of_magnavox_odyssey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="213" /></a><figcaption>First cartridge-like jumper card for the Magnavox Odyssey</figcaption></figure> <p>A precursor to modern game cartridges of <a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">second generation video consoles</a> was introduced with the <a href="/wiki/First_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="First generation of video game consoles">first generation video game console</a> <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a> in 1972, using <a href="/wiki/Jumper_(computing)" title="Jumper (computing)">jumper</a> cards to turn on and off certain electronics inside the console. A modern take on game cartridges was invented by Wallace Kirschner, Lawrence Haskel of Alpex Computer Corporation as well as <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lawson_(engineer)" title="Jerry Lawson (engineer)">Jerry Lawson</a> at Fairchild Semiconductor, first unveiled as part of the <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Channel_F" title="Fairchild Channel F">Fairchild Channel F</a> home console in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoNC-3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoNC-3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cartridge approach gained more popularity with the <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a> released the following year. From the late 1970s to mid-1990s, the majority of home <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game systems</a> were cartridge-based.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoNC-3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoNC-3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairchild-Channel-F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Fairchild-Channel-F.jpg/220px-Fairchild-Channel-F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Fairchild-Channel-F.jpg/330px-Fairchild-Channel-F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Fairchild-Channel-F.jpg/440px-Fairchild-Channel-F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Channel_F" title="Fairchild Channel F">Fairchild Channel F</a> was the first video game console to feature games on interchangeable ROM cartridges.</figcaption></figure> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact disc</a> technology came to be widely used for data storage, most hardware companies moved from cartridges to CD-based game systems. <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> remained the lone hold-out, using cartridges for their <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a> system; the company did not transition to optical media until the release of the <a href="/wiki/GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a> in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cartridges were also used for their handheld consoles, which are known as <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Game_Pak" title="Game Boy Game Pak">Game Paks</a> in the Game Boy family of handhelds and as <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Game_Card" title="Nintendo Game Card">Game Cards</a> in the DS/3DS line of handhelds. These cartridges are much smaller and thinner than previous cartridges, and in the case of Game Cards, use the more modern <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a> for game data rather than built-in ROM chips on <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">PCBs</a> for the same purpose. </p><p>The release of the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a> in 2017 marked the company's shift away from their own <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_optical_discs" title="Nintendo optical discs">proprietary optical disc</a>-based media after last using them in the <a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a> in favor of small cartridge-based media. These cartridges are known as Game Cards like previous Nintendo handhelds since the DS, and are much smaller and thinner than previous cartridges for consoles as well as Nintendo's own Game Cards for their DS/3DS handhelds. It uses a form of flash memory technology similar to that of <a href="/wiki/SD_card" title="SD card">SD cards</a> with larger storage space. As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ROM_cartridge&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Nintendo is the only major company to exclusively use cartridges for their consoles and handhelds as others such as <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> continue to use <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">optical disc</a>-based media for their consoles. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1976_in_video_games" title="1976 in video games">1976</a>, 310,000 home video game cartridges were sold in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1983 and 2013, a total of <span class="nowrap">2,910.72 million</span> software cartridges had been sold for <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo consoles">Nintendo consoles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_hardware_enhancements">Use in hardware enhancements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROM_cartridge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use in hardware enhancements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intelligent-Systems-Nintendo-DS-Nitro-Burner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Intelligent-Systems-Nintendo-DS-Nitro-Burner.jpg/220px-Intelligent-Systems-Nintendo-DS-Nitro-Burner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Intelligent-Systems-Nintendo-DS-Nitro-Burner.jpg/330px-Intelligent-Systems-Nintendo-DS-Nitro-Burner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Intelligent-Systems-Nintendo-DS-Nitro-Burner.jpg/440px-Intelligent-Systems-Nintendo-DS-Nitro-Burner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>ROM burner for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a></figcaption></figure> <p>ROM cartridges can not only carry software, but additional hardware expansions as well. Examples include various <a href="/wiki/List_of_Super_NES_enhancement_chips" title="List of Super NES enhancement chips">cartridge-based chips on the Super NES</a>, the SVP chip in the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Sega Genesis</a> version of <i><a href="/wiki/Virtua_Racing" title="Virtua Racing">Virtua Racing</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> module in the <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey%C2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnavox Odyssey²">Magnavox Odyssey²</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Micro_Machines_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Machines 2">Micro Machines 2</a></i> on the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Genesis/Mega Drive</a> used a custom "<a href="/wiki/J-Cart" title="J-Cart">J-Cart</a>" cartridge design by <a href="/wiki/Codemasters" title="Codemasters">Codemasters</a> which incorporated two additional <a href="/wiki/Gamepad" title="Gamepad">gamepad</a> ports. This allowed players to have up to four gamepads connected to the console without the need for an additional <a href="/wiki/Multitap" title="Multitap">multi-controller adapter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages_and_disadvantages">Advantages and disadvantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROM_cartridge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Advantages and disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N64-Console-Set.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/N64-Console-Set.jpg/220px-N64-Console-Set.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/N64-Console-Set.jpg/330px-N64-Console-Set.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/N64-Console-Set.jpg/440px-N64-Console-Set.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3917" data-file-height="2108" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">N64</a> used cartridges when most home consoles had shifted to CD-ROMs.</figcaption></figure> <p>Storing software on ROM cartridges has a number of advantages over other methods of storage like <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Optical_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical media">optical media</a>. As the ROM cartridge is memory mapped into the system's normal address space, software stored in the ROM can be read like normal memory and since the system does not have to transfer data from slower media, it allows for nearly instant load time and code execution. Software run directly from ROM typically uses less RAM, leaving memory free for other processes. While the standard size of optical media dictates a minimum size for devices which can read discs, ROM cartridges can be manufactured in different sizes, allowing for smaller devices like <a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">handheld game systems</a>. ROM cartridges can be damaged, but they are generally more robust and resistant to damage than optical media; accumulation of dirt and dust on the cartridge contacts can cause problems, but cleaning the contacts with an <a href="/wiki/Isopropyl_alcohol" title="Isopropyl alcohol">isopropyl alcohol</a> solution typically resolves the problems without risk of corrosion.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoNC-4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoNC-4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ROM cartridges typically have less capacity than other media.<sup id="cite_ref-cook19840306_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cook19840306-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PCjr-compatible version of <a href="/wiki/Lotus_1-2-3" title="Lotus 1-2-3">Lotus 1-2-3</a> comes on two cartridges and a floppy disk.<sup id="cite_ref-trivette198504_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trivette198504-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ROM cartridges are typically more expensive to manufacture than discs, and storage space available on a cartridge is less than that of an optical disc like a <a href="/wiki/DVD-ROM" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD-ROM">DVD-ROM</a> or <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a>. Techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Bank_switching" title="Bank switching">bank switching</a> were employed to be able to use cartridges with a capacity higher than the amount of memory directly addressable by the processor. As video games became more complex (and the size of their code grew), software manufacturers began sacrificing the quick load times of ROM cartridges in favor of greater storage capacity and the lower cost of optical media.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoNC-5_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoNC-5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoNC-6_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoNC-6-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another source of pressure in this direction was that optical media could be manufactured in much smaller batches than cartridges; releasing a cartridge video game on the other hand inevitably includes the risk of producing thousands of unsold cartridges.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PokemonSilverBoard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/PokemonSilverBoard.jpg/220px-PokemonSilverBoard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/PokemonSilverBoard.jpg/330px-PokemonSilverBoard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/PokemonSilverBoard.jpg/440px-PokemonSilverBoard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="3296" /></a><figcaption>An opened <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a> cartridge with battery-backed <a href="/wiki/Volatile_memory" title="Volatile memory">volatile memory</a> for game saves for <i><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_Gold_and_Silver" title="Pokémon Gold and Silver">Pokémon Silver Version</a></i>. Measures 2.2" × 2.56" × 0.32" (or 56 mm × 65 mm × 8 mm)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electronic_musical_instruments_usage">Electronic musical instruments usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROM_cartridge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Electronic musical instruments usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides their prominent usage on video game consoles, ROM cartridges have also been used on a small number of electronic musical instruments, particularly <a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboards" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic keyboards">electronic keyboards</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a> has made several models with such features, with their DX synthesizer in the 1980s, such as the <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_DX1" title="Yamaha DX1">DX1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_DX1" title="Yamaha DX1">DX5</a> and <a href="/wiki/DX7" class="mw-redirect" title="DX7">DX7</a> and their PSR keyboard lineup in the mid-1990s, namely the <i>PSR-320, PSR-420, PSR-520, PSR-620, PSR-330, PSR-530</i> and the <i>PSR-6000</i>. These keyboards use specialized cards known as <i>Music Cartridges</i>, a ROM cartridge simply containing <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> data to be played on the keyboard as MIDI sequence or song data.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a> has also used similar cartridges known as <i>ROM Pack</i> in the 1980s, before Yamaha's <i>Music Cartridge</i> was introduced. Models that used these cartridges were in the <a href="/wiki/Casiotone" title="Casiotone">Casiotone</a> line of portable electronic keyboards.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cartridge-based_video_game_consoles_and_home_computers">Cartridge-based video game consoles and home computers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROM_cartridge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cartridge-based video game consoles and home computers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N64-Game-Cartridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/N64-Game-Cartridge.jpg/220px-N64-Game-Cartridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/N64-Game-Cartridge.jpg/330px-N64-Game-Cartridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/N64-Game-Cartridge.jpg/440px-N64-Game-Cartridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3860" data-file-height="2320" /></a><figcaption>A disassembled <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64_Game_Pak" title="Nintendo 64 Game Pak">Nintendo 64 Game Pak</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Amstrad" title="Amstrad">Amstrad</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_GX4000" title="Amstrad GX4000">Amstrad GX4000</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari, Inc.</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_5200" title="Atari 5200">Atari 5200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_7800" title="Atari 7800">Atari 7800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_XEGS" title="Atari XEGS">Atari XEGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Lynx" title="Atari Lynx">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Jaguar</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WonderSwan" title="WonderSwan">WonderSwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WonderSwan" title="WonderSwan">WonderSwan Color / SwanCrystal</a></li></ul> <p><b>Blaze Entertainment</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evercade" title="Evercade">Evercade</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Coleco" title="Coleco">Coleco</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ColecoVision" title="ColecoVision">Colecovision</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Camera_and_Instrument" title="Fairchild Camera and Instrument">Fairchild Camera and Instrument</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Channel_F" title="Fairchild Channel F">Channel F</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fisher-Price" title="Fisher-Price">Fisher-Price</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pixter" title="Pixter">Pixter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart Cycle">Smart Cycle</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_PCjr" title="IBM PCjr">IBM PCjr</a></li></ul> <p><b>Interton</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interton_Video_2000" title="Interton Video 2000">Interton Video 2000</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/LeapFrog" class="mw-redirect" title="LeapFrog">LeapFrog</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leapster" title="Leapster">Leapster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeapPad" title="LeapPad">LeapPad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeapTV" title="LeapTV">LeapTV</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Magnavox" title="Magnavox">Magnavox</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey_2" title="Magnavox Odyssey 2">Magnavox Odyssey 2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philips_Videopac_G7000" class="mw-redirect" title="Philips Videopac G7000">Philips Videopac G7000</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intellivision" title="Intellivision">Intellivision</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Milton_Bradley_Company" title="Milton Bradley Company">Milton Bradley</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vectrex" title="Vectrex">Vectrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microvision" title="Microvision">Microvision</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TurboGrafx-16" title="TurboGrafx-16">TurboGrafx-16/PC Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboExpress" title="TurboExpress">TurboExpress</a></li></ul> <p><b>Nikko Europe</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercial_failures_in_video_games#digiBlast" title="List of commercial failures in video games">digiBLAST</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Game_Pak" title="Game Pak">Game Pak</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">NES/Famicom</a> (with its <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_hardware_clone" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Entertainment System hardware clone">clones</a> like <a href="/wiki/Terminator_2_(console)" title="Terminator 2 (console)">Terminator</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">SNES/Super Famicom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Color" title="Game Boy Color">Game Boy Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Boy" title="Virtual Boy">Virtual Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_Mini" title="Pokémon Mini">Pokémon Mini</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SG-1000" title="SG-1000">SG-1000 Mark I / SG-1000 Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a> / Mark III</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Genesis / Mega Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Gear" title="Game Gear">Game Gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Pico" title="Sega Pico">Pico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32X" title="32X">32X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Nomad" title="Genesis Nomad">Genesis Nomad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Pico_Beena" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Pico Beena">Advanced Pico Beena</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_(system)" title="Neo Geo (system)">Neo Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_Pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo Geo Pocket">Neo Geo Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_Pocket_Color" title="Neo Geo Pocket Color">Neo Geo Pocket Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_X" title="Neo Geo X">Neo Geo X</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROM_cartridge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROM_image" title="ROM image">ROM image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongle" title="Dongle">Dongle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_expander" title="Port expander">Port expander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM_pack" title="RAM pack">RAM pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currah" title="Currah">Currah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_card" title="Expansion card">Expansion card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_card" title="Memory card">Memory card</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROM_cartridge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Museum+of+Obsolete+Media&rft.atitle=Yamaha+Music+Cartridge&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobsoletemedia.org%2Fyamaha-music-cartridge-psr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AROM+cartridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2020" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Jacob (November 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perfectcircuit.com/signal/yamaha-dx-series">"Yamaha DX Series"</a>. <i>Perfect Circuit</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220808064542/https://www.perfectcircuit.com/signal/yamaha-dx-series">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perfect+Circuit&rft.atitle=Yamaha+DX+Series&rft.date=2020-11-05&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perfectcircuit.com%2Fsignal%2Fyamaha-dx-series&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AROM+cartridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crumblenet.co.uk/keyb/rpacks.html">"Casio ROM Packs"</a>. <i>www.crumblenet.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161217150727/http://www.crumblenet.co.uk/keyb/rpacks.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.crumblenet.co.uk&rft.atitle=Casio+ROM+Packs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crumblenet.co.uk%2Fkeyb%2Frpacks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AROM+cartridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROM_cartridge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050408084218/http://users.tkk.fi/~eye/videogames/console.html">History of Home Video Games</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived April 8, 2005)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ROM_cartridge&oldid=1270811618">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ROM_cartridge&oldid=1270811618</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Solid-state_computer_storage_media" title="Category:Solid-state computer storage media">Solid-state computer storage media</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_connectors" title="Category:Computer connectors">Computer connectors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_distribution" title="Category:Video game distribution">Video game distribution</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_November_2014" title="Category:Use mdy dates from November 2014">Use mdy dates from November 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 January 2025, at 09:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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