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class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Fernando O. de Carvalho" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/49978192/13135466/113004596/s200_fernando.o._de_carvalho.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Fernando O. de Carvalho</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/">Museu Nacional, UFRJ</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/Departments/Setor_de_Lingu%C3%ADstica_Departamento_de_Antropologia/Documents">Setor de Linguística, Departamento de Antropologia</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" 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Presentations"><span>9</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Conference Presentations</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Drafts" data-toggle="tab" href="#drafts" role="tab" title="Drafts"><span>3</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Drafts</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Fernando O. de Carvalho</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127297944"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127297944/Carvalho_Forthcoming_On_the_lexical_evidence_for_a_genealogical_relation_between_M%C3%BAra_Pirah%C3%A3_and_Matanawi_L%C3%ADnguas_Ind%C3%ADgenas_Americanas_LIAMES_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho. Forthcoming. On the lexical evidence for a genealogical relation between Múra-Pirahã and Matanawi. Línguas Indígenas Americanas (LIAMES)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121051095/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127297944/Carvalho_Forthcoming_On_the_lexical_evidence_for_a_genealogical_relation_between_M%C3%BAra_Pirah%C3%A3_and_Matanawi_L%C3%ADnguas_Ind%C3%ADgenas_Americanas_LIAMES_">Carvalho. Forthcoming. On the lexical evidence for a genealogical relation between Múra-Pirahã and Matanawi. Línguas Indígenas Americanas (LIAMES)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Liames (Línguas Indígenas Americanas)</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper shows that the lexical evidence in favor of a genealogical relation between Múra-Pirah...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper shows that the lexical evidence in favor of a genealogical relation between Múra-Pirahã and Matanawi is stronger than so far suspected. It takes into account evidence from the full set of attested doculects making the Múra-Pirahã languoid. And, more importantly, it incorporates information about the nature of attested formal mismatches in evaluating the comparative sets that feature Matanawi lexical elements. I identify a series of formal/semantic matches in basic lexical meanings, in addition to pointing out plausible accounts for unmatched formal residue. Some tentative overlapping correspondences that suggest phonetically motivated diachronic splits are discussed as well. In the end, although the case for a relationship between Múra-Pirahã and Matanawí can be more strongly asserted, the very limited nature of the existing documentation of Matanawi probably precludes a more definite validation of the hypothesis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7eeaf2266c0c1397c2ed00c578a7e5c1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121051095,"asset_id":127297944,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121051095/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127297944"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127297944"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127297944; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127297944]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127297944]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127297944; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127297944']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7eeaf2266c0c1397c2ed00c578a7e5c1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127297944]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127297944,"title":"Carvalho. Forthcoming. On the lexical evidence for a genealogical relation between Múra-Pirahã and Matanawi. 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The Múra doculects and Múra-Pirahã historical linguistics. In: Investigating language isolates: typological and diachronic perspectives (Iker Salaberri, Dorota Krajewska, Ekaitz Santazilia and Eneko Zuloaga, eds.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 208-246." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121050974/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127297840/Carvalho_2025_The_M%C3%BAra_doculects_and_M%C3%BAra_Pirah%C3%A3_historical_linguistics_In_Investigating_language_isolates_typological_and_diachronic_perspectives_Iker_Salaberri_Dorota_Krajewska_Ekaitz_Santazilia_and_Eneko_Zuloaga_eds_Amsterdam_John_Benjamins_208_246">Carvalho. 2025. The Múra doculects and Múra-Pirahã historical linguistics. In: Investigating language isolates: typological and diachronic perspectives (Iker Salaberri, Dorota Krajewska, Ekaitz Santazilia and Eneko Zuloaga, eds.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 208-246.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the absence of related languages, research on isolates must pay close attention to dialectal d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the absence of related languages, research on isolates must pay close attention to dialectal differentiation. As these varieties are often poorly recorded in rather idiosyncratic pre-modern sources, a certain amount of philological acumen is needed as well. This paper addresses Múra-Pirahã (Brazil) by examining the existing sources on the Múra dialect(s). The main isoglosses characterizing the doculects are discussed, and a series of claims on language contact are presented and evaluated. It is argued that the impact of Tupi-Guarani languages on Múra-Pirahã is more complex and varied than assumed so far, and a series of novel claims on the role of Múra-Pirahã in the diffusion of regional loanwords and Wanderwörter is advanced.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b3ed974acaf52d8c45e67bb295de0d14" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121050974,"asset_id":127297840,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121050974/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127297840"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127297840"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127297840; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127297840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127297840]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127297840; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127297840']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b3ed974acaf52d8c45e67bb295de0d14" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127297840]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127297840,"title":"Carvalho. 2025. The Múra doculects and Múra-Pirahã historical linguistics. In: Investigating language isolates: typological and diachronic perspectives (Iker Salaberri, Dorota Krajewska, Ekaitz Santazilia and Eneko Zuloaga, eds.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 208-246.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127297840/Carvalho_2025_The_M%C3%BAra_doculects_and_M%C3%BAra_Pirah%C3%A3_historical_linguistics_In_Investigating_language_isolates_typological_and_diachronic_perspectives_Iker_Salaberri_Dorota_Krajewska_Ekaitz_Santazilia_and_Eneko_Zuloaga_eds_Amsterdam_John_Benjamins_208_246","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":121050974,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121050974/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Leaflet_tsl.135.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121050974/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Carvalho_2025_The_Mura_doculects_and_Mur.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/121050974/Leaflet_tsl.135-libre.pdf?1737999533=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCarvalho_2025_The_Mura_doculects_and_Mur.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816425\u0026Signature=aLlhKjSOf3vl9xQtFPyap1CTQTgxDIHZcGOCrAkG4Va~-Eemli7GAfNij1VE5-tD0Pj6eTsZsqOK5SP~sNmQ2vwX~GtaM504kQI2azkTelFzck1QYeKX3SmLdBFkTQlcSzBmtlr3BE0TMQuBlJuMaqrTN-bi~7OuWvXFBSZ0bdUy2l4y8FndUjn5~9G6D0tW1OQ0NtALR2lUbXo5mE2uVATOjzRbPbLXuO12rgXVs~oVemkr5YFyHhufb24xraNCPkpW4-bExK0xWE7nZBO1NFFgy4-s47eaquf1lYFkqtOvQU4OL7ZZuYPdNghI-i6I2T9r8C3TuLsb50AlT1Z8Qg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123896747"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123896747/Carvalho_To_appear_Derived_allomorphy_as_a_diachronic_shared_innovation_in_Terena_and_Moje%C3%B1o_nominalization_Folia_Linguistica"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho. To appear. Derived allomorphy as a diachronic shared innovation in Terena and Mojeño nominalization. Folia Linguistica" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118224533/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123896747/Carvalho_To_appear_Derived_allomorphy_as_a_diachronic_shared_innovation_in_Terena_and_Moje%C3%B1o_nominalization_Folia_Linguistica">Carvalho. To appear. Derived allomorphy as a diachronic shared innovation in Terena and Mojeño nominalization. Folia Linguistica</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Folia Linguistica</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper shows, first, that Terena and Mojeño share a cognate pattern of allomorphy in the deri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper shows, first, that Terena and Mojeño share a cognate pattern of allomorphy in the derivation of deverbal object nominalizations. Cognation is established at the level of two phonologically-conditioned allomorphs, whose diachronic equivalence can be established on functional, distributional and formal grounds. Second, we argue that this allomorphy pattern results from the merger of an inherited opposition between gender marking suffixes that were previously used as nominalizers. Comparative evidence from other Arawakan languages is reviewed in support of this hypothesis. Given the unique character of this pattern among Arawakan languages, we suggest that it constitutes a shared innovation defining a common ancestor, Proto-Achane, which is exclusively shared by Terena and Mojeño, thus defining a subgroup which further research may show to include the Paunaka language as well.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0bbb4d2c5eea9b347946629ef5921c97" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118224533,"asset_id":123896747,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118224533/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123896747"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123896747"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123896747; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123896747]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123896747]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123896747; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123896747']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0bbb4d2c5eea9b347946629ef5921c97" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123896747]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123896747,"title":"Carvalho. To appear. Derived allomorphy as a diachronic shared innovation in Terena and Mojeño nominalization. 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O. de. 2024. Linguistic evidence and Tupi-Guarani/Cariban contacts in the Eastern Guianas: Wajãpi kasi 'be strong', pipi 'father's sister' and kasuru 'pearl'. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118060857/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123341282/Carvalho_F_O_de_2024_Linguistic_evidence_and_Tupi_Guarani_Cariban_contacts_in_the_Eastern_Guianas_Waj%C3%A3pi_kasi_be_strong_pipi_fathers_sister_and_kasuru_pearl_Boletim_do_Museu_Paraense_Em%C3%ADlio_Goeldi">Carvalho, F. O. de. 2024. Linguistic evidence and Tupi-Guarani/Cariban contacts in the Eastern Guianas: Wajãpi kasi 'be strong', pipi 'father's sister' and kasuru 'pearl'. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This brief paper proposes a Cariban etymology for the Wajãpi (Tupi-Guarani) verb -kasi 'be strong...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This brief paper proposes a Cariban etymology for the Wajãpi (Tupi-Guarani) verb -kasi 'be strong', which has been incorrectly suggested as being of Tupi-Guarani provenance. It is proposed that the source language for this diffusion event was Apalai, and not Wayana, as is usually claimed when the issue of the Cariban influx into Wajãpi is addressed. Two other Cariban loans are discussed, pipi 'father's sister' and kasuru 'pearl', and in these cases as well it is shown that diffusion from Apalai, not Wayana, is the more likely scenario. Implications of the findings are discussed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ccf7191179f6ab569e153e468e6d5cc5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118060857,"asset_id":123341282,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118060857/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123341282"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123341282"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123341282; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123341282]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123341282]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123341282; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123341282']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ccf7191179f6ab569e153e468e6d5cc5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123341282]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123341282,"title":"Carvalho, F. O. de. 2024. Linguistic evidence and Tupi-Guarani/Cariban contacts in the Eastern Guianas: Wajãpi kasi 'be strong', pipi 'father's sister' and kasuru 'pearl'. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123341282/Carvalho_F_O_de_2024_Linguistic_evidence_and_Tupi_Guarani_Cariban_contacts_in_the_Eastern_Guianas_Waj%C3%A3pi_kasi_be_strong_pipi_fathers_sister_and_kasuru_pearl_Boletim_do_Museu_Paraense_Em%C3%ADlio_Goeldi","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":118060857,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118060857/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"wajapi_kasi_etymology_revised_version.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118060857/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Carvalho_F_O_de_2024_Linguistic_evidence.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/118060857/wajapi_kasi_etymology_revised_version-libre.pdf?1725843265=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCarvalho_F_O_de_2024_Linguistic_evidence.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816425\u0026Signature=AJFTWj0MRL-b9b27CYY-YHWhPY4urnWJzAcRLG5Q2a~tEWXy53b4vbswjLRg8BdAlfkmFQPc-~bMzvPsZz7zHuE6ucJ6gBR5txTWfQy83slHlmKp-wUjzl2zqLwNGuArEHmmA7bn2bcJ4kj5E~wDMExXEjQdNZWbYveVDyC9n2i6zDrzBcxu-NvMdOf6CblgTO5ljkpYEEhvw8dIHvf0jma00nDlTVatOnV1N-AFrjZEXc7bgWiruuhe~4UxrosMkbX6g0cC84OJAvinsBk7NQIwnysnWLBcbdybBB3cSO7ZLYglN2peuM9S95l8HKuIcQvIILptVh1-TywonCfh-Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123341198"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123341198/Carvalho_F_O_de_2024_An_improved_etymology_for_the_Tupi_Guarani_ethnonym_Kagwahiva_Studia_Linguistica_Universitatis_Iagellonicae_Cracoviensis_141_3_139_159"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho, F. O. de. 2024. An improved etymology for the Tupi-Guarani ethnonym 'Kagwahiva'. Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 141 (3): 139-159." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118089870/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123341198/Carvalho_F_O_de_2024_An_improved_etymology_for_the_Tupi_Guarani_ethnonym_Kagwahiva_Studia_Linguistica_Universitatis_Iagellonicae_Cracoviensis_141_3_139_159">Carvalho, F. O. de. 2024. An improved etymology for the Tupi-Guarani ethnonym 'Kagwahiva'. Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 141 (3): 139-159.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present contribution challenges the traditional etymology of the well-known ethnonym kagwahiv...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present contribution challenges the traditional etymology of the well-known ethnonym kagwahiva, which goes back to the first decades of the 20th century. It is shown that the hypothesized etymological association with the reflexes of the Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kap/*kaβ-'wasp' is formally untenable. An alternative proposal is presented, supported by argumentation at phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic levels, and based on the identification of clear, yet so far, unacknowledged cognates in Old Tupi, Old Guarani and other languages within the family. A PTG etymon *-kawaip/*kawaiβ-'to be aggressive, prone to violence' is tentatively proposed, and further etymologization is advanced on the grounds of formal and semantic associations to *-kaʔu 'to drink (alcoholic beverage)' .</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eab637f1f51a87bbc362d4d7ee9299f5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118089870,"asset_id":123341198,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118089870/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123341198"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123341198"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123341198; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123341198]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123341198]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123341198; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123341198']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "eab637f1f51a87bbc362d4d7ee9299f5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123341198]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123341198,"title":"Carvalho, F. O. de. 2024. An improved etymology for the Tupi-Guarani ethnonym 'Kagwahiva'. 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Ikpeng (Brazil) - Language Snapshot. Language Documentation and Description 24 (1) doi: https://doi.org/10.25894/ldd.1007" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117795399/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123341125/Carvalho_Chagas_Vasconcelos_2024_Ikpeng_Brazil_Language_Snapshot_Language_Documentation_and_Description_24_1_doi_https_doi_org_10_25894_ldd_1007">Carvalho, Chagas, Vasconcelos. 2024. Ikpeng (Brazil) - Language Snapshot. Language Documentation and Description 24 (1) doi: https://doi.org/10.25894/ldd.1007</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Language Documentation and Description</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ikpeng (ISO 639-3: txi; Glottocode: ikpe1245) is a member of the Cariban language family spoken b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ikpeng (ISO 639-3: txi; Glottocode: ikpe1245) is a member of the Cariban language family spoken by approximately 477 individuals in the Xingu Indigenous Park (PIX), in central Brazil (northeast region of the state of Mato Grosso). Although the Ikpeng, along with the other ethnic groups of the PIX, have been in constant interaction with the national society since the middle of the 20th century, language vitality is strong and all ethnic members of the group are speakers of the language, which is the day-to-day medium of communication for the Ikpeng.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4e714d51537c0cef1ba5b6627833a64f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117795399,"asset_id":123341125,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117795399/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123341125"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123341125"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123341125; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123341125]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123341125]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123341125; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123341125']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4e714d51537c0cef1ba5b6627833a64f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123341125]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123341125,"title":"Carvalho, Chagas, Vasconcelos. 2024. 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Forthcoming. The Múra doculects and Múra-Pirahã historical linguistics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107510220/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109361715/Carvalho_Forthcoming_The_M%C3%BAra_doculects_and_M%C3%BAra_Pirah%C3%A3_historical_linguistics">Carvalho. Forthcoming. The Múra doculects and Múra-Pirahã historical linguistics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">***DRAFT VERSION*** This paper fills a gap in the historical linguistics of Múra-Pirahã (Brazil) ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">***DRAFT VERSION***<br />This paper fills a gap in the historical linguistics of Múra-Pirahã (Brazil) by subjecting all of the published sources on Múra, Pirahã's co-dialect, to careful scrutiny. An overview of the main isoglosses characterizing the attested doculects is offered, as well as a comparative reconstitution of certain aspects of the Múra-Pirahã dialect cluster. A series of claims on language contact are addressed on the basis of this widened understandig of the diversity internal to Múra-Pirahã. It is argued that the impact of Tupi-Guarani languages on Múra-Pirahã is more complex and varied than assumed so far, and a series of novel claims on the role of Múra-Pirahã in the diffusion of regional loanwords and Wanderwörter are advanced.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d2276dbafdca6ac0f5a9d8d05a17172e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107510220,"asset_id":109361715,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107510220/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109361715"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109361715"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109361715; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109361715]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109361715]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109361715; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109361715']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d2276dbafdca6ac0f5a9d8d05a17172e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109361715]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109361715,"title":"Carvalho. 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Forthcoming. An improved etymology for the Tupi-Guarani ethnonym Kagwahiva" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107510013/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109361473/Carvalho_Forthcoming_An_improved_etymology_for_the_Tupi_Guarani_ethnonym_Kagwahiva">Carvalho. Forthcoming. An improved etymology for the Tupi-Guarani ethnonym Kagwahiva</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">****DRAFT VERSION**** The present contribution rejects the traditional etymology of the well-know...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">****DRAFT VERSION****<br />The present contribution rejects the traditional etymology of the well-known ethnonym kagwahiva, a proposal that goes back to the first decades of the 20 th century. It is shown that the hypothesized etymological association to reflexes of Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kap/*kaβ-'wasp' is formally untenable. An alternative proposal is presented, supported by argumentation at the phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic levels, and based on the identification of clear yet so far unacknowledged cognates in Old Tupi, Old Guarani and other languages of the family. A PTG etymon *kawaip/*kawaiβ-'to be aggressive, prone to violence' is tentatively proposed, and further etymologization is advanced on the grounds of formal and semantic associations to *kaʔu 'to drink (alcoholic beverage)'.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="94b98e9f1152bc53015ba1b273b2376e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107510013,"asset_id":109361473,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107510013/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109361473"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109361473"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109361473; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109361473]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109361473]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109361473; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109361473']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "94b98e9f1152bc53015ba1b273b2376e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109361473]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109361473,"title":"Carvalho. Forthcoming. 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An outline of the phonetics and phonology of the Amapari dialect of Wajãpi (Tupi-Guarani). AMERINDIA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98866475/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/97170798/Carvalho_forthcoming_An_outline_of_the_phonetics_and_phonology_of_the_Amapari_dialect_of_Waj%C3%A3pi_Tupi_Guarani_AMERINDIA">Carvalho. forthcoming. An outline of the phonetics and phonology of the Amapari dialect of Wajãpi (Tupi-Guarani). AMERINDIA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>AMERINDIA</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper offers a brief description of the phonology and phonetics of the Amapari variety of Wa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper offers a brief description of the phonology and phonetics of the Amapari variety of Wajãpi (AW), a Tupian language of the Tupi-Guarani family spoken in northeastern Amazon regions of Brazil and French Guyana. I discuss the evidence for the contrastive status of its segmental units, with emphasis on the more salient phonetic manifestations of these elements and with comparisons with other Wajãpi dialects, better represented in the published literature. I argue that surface [kw] is best analyzed as a single complex segment kʷ and that AW differs from other Wajãpi varieties in retaining a contrast between w and β. I also provide evidence of the frequent realization of the glottal stop as supra-segmental glottalization, and of processes of both regressive and progressive nasalization. Particularly noteworthy is the evidence for a gradient process of regressive height harmony in vowels and of the predictable nasalization of final unaccented-a, two processes not described so far for other Wajãpi varieties.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f665fcbf8adfb2ef80c5eef521db96df" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":98866475,"asset_id":97170798,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98866475/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="97170798"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="97170798"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97170798; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=97170798]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=97170798]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97170798; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='97170798']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f665fcbf8adfb2ef80c5eef521db96df" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=97170798]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":97170798,"title":"Carvalho. forthcoming. An outline of the phonetics and phonology of the Amapari dialect of Wajãpi (Tupi-Guarani). 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Wajãpi (Brazil, French Guiana). Language Documentation and Description 23 (1): 1-8" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105242438/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105901459/Carvalho_2023_Waj%C3%A3pi_Brazil_French_Guiana_Language_Documentation_and_Description_23_1_1_8">Carvalho. 2023. Wajãpi (Brazil, French Guiana). Language Documentation and Description 23 (1): 1-8</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Language Documentation and Description</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Wajãpi is the name of a Tupi-Guarani language spoken by approximately 2,000 individuals in a regi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Wajãpi is the name of a Tupi-Guarani language spoken by approximately 2,000 individuals in a region straddling the border between Brazil and French Guiana. The language is spoken, with an uncertain amount of dialectal differentiation, by all members of the group. Wajãpi speakers used to be found over a wide region of northeastern Amazonia, scattered over the headwaters of many different rivers. However, recent movements have led to population concentrations in the Upper and Middle Oyapock centers of Ytuwasu and Camopi in French Guiana, and in the Wajãpi Indigenous Reservation in Brazil. Most of the published research on the language has focused on the Oyapock varieties, but the ongoing research reported on here is bringing to light a number of interesting phonological and morphosyntactic features of the Amapari Wajãpi variety spoken in Brazil.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bcff08245b62b84c47c915276bac57f8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105242438,"asset_id":105901459,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105242438/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105901459"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105901459"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105901459; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105901459]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105901459]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105901459; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105901459']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bcff08245b62b84c47c915276bac57f8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105901459]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105901459,"title":"Carvalho. 2023. 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Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi 18 (1): 1-21." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98762292/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/97027139/Carvalho_2023_Proto_Tupi_Guarani_had_no_palatalized_velar_stop_Bol_Mus_Para_Em%C3%ADlio_Goeldi_18_1_1_21">Carvalho.2023.Proto-Tupi-Guarani had no palatalized velar stop. Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi 18 (1): 1-21.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper addresses one of the open issues in the reconstruction of Proto-Tupi-Guarani (PTG) seg...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper addresses one of the open issues in the reconstruction of Proto-Tupi-Guarani (PTG) segmental phonology: The status of the *k-*kʲ opposition. We argue that the contrast is artifactual and that the presumed evidence in favor of PTG *kʲ can be considered as secondary developments of PTG *k in Kayabí, Guarayu, Kagwahiva, Tenetehára, Kamayurá, and Ka'apor. We establish additional facts regarding the structure of PTG and the historical phonology of TG languages, also showing that this finding eliminates the need for an unmotivated split in Pre-PTG history, a problematic feature of current reconstructions of the Proto-Tupian consonant system.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="93bc78c9e61339feb1530680b7eba188" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":98762292,"asset_id":97027139,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98762292/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="97027139"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="97027139"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97027139; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=97027139]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=97027139]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97027139; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='97027139']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "93bc78c9e61339feb1530680b7eba188" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=97027139]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":97027139,"title":"Carvalho.2023.Proto-Tupi-Guarani had no palatalized velar stop. 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Payne's rule and the late *o > a shift in Mojeño Ignaciano: A response to Ramirez & França (2019) -or, how (not) to do Historical Linguistics. LIAMES (Línguas Indígenas Americanas) 23: 1-36." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98720531/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/96969950/Carvalho_2023_Paynes_rule_and_the_late_o_a_shift_in_Moje%C3%B1o_Ignaciano_A_response_to_Ramirez_and_Fran%C3%A7a_2019_or_how_not_to_do_Historical_Linguistics_LIAMES_L%C3%ADnguas_Ind%C3%ADgenas_Americanas_23_1_36">Carvalho. 2023. Payne's rule and the late *o > a shift in Mojeño Ignaciano: A response to Ramirez & França (2019) -or, how (not) to do Historical Linguistics. LIAMES (Línguas Indígenas Americanas) 23: 1-36.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LIAMES (Línguas Indígenas Americanas)</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ramirez & França's (2019) claim that a change *a > o took place multiple times and without any di...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ramirez & França's (2019) claim that a change *a > o took place multiple times and without any discernible conditioning factor-which the authors present as an explicit counterproposal to a series of claims made in Carvalho & Rose (2018)-is methodologically and empirically flawed. We show here that the supposed evidence from loanwords is artifactual, that the comparison between 18 th Guaná and modern Terena rests on an arbitrarily selective and, ultimately, misleading treatment of the relevant sources, and that the claimed ancestor-descendant relationship between Old Mojeño and Trinitario is at odds with other well-established claims about the history of Mojeño dialects, in addition to being an unnecessary and extraneous assumption. Moreover, a lexical stratification of the Mojeño lexicon in terms of basic and lessbasic strata shows that the main correspondence favored by Ramirez & França (2019) as the reflex of Proto-Arawakan *a in Mojeño is essentially restricted to nonbasic vocabulary, a finding that vindicates Carvalho & Rose's (2018) interpretation of this pattern as reflecting dialect borrowing or diffusion.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="862075994a814c9b722bb29c4b400bce" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":98720531,"asset_id":96969950,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98720531/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="96969950"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="96969950"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96969950; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96969950]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96969950]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96969950; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='96969950']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "862075994a814c9b722bb29c4b400bce" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=96969950]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":96969950,"title":"Carvalho. 2023. Payne's rule and the late *o \u003e a shift in Mojeño Ignaciano: A response to Ramirez \u0026 França (2019) -or, how (not) to do Historical Linguistics. LIAMES (Línguas Indígenas Americanas) 23: 1-36.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96969950/Carvalho_2023_Paynes_rule_and_the_late_o_a_shift_in_Moje%C3%B1o_Ignaciano_A_response_to_Ramirez_and_Fran%C3%A7a_2019_or_how_not_to_do_Historical_Linguistics_LIAMES_L%C3%ADnguas_Ind%C3%ADgenas_Americanas_23_1_36","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":98720531,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98720531/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"03_Fernando_O._de_Carvalho.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98720531/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Carvalho_2023_Paynes_rule_and_the_late_o.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98720531/03_Fernando_O._de_Carvalho-libre.pdf?1676494714=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCarvalho_2023_Paynes_rule_and_the_late_o.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816426\u0026Signature=SNJ9pFv61YrDIC59Ahv05trx9h6PWFDPSLuE~leB21jd~pC0BDvzNQ~HlDKPYvWqPgXavCKjY58VZzRdsVZxQXIQhy-BsC12VYAHkPKXcR0rwYyoJ-NwGUqLdBB~oBNJvjo-sj7ja3c92R~R0aLvqqnG4CSgB90mFU94hhZY~13V~b9qOEFa1asp2VcoIbdmzT23iTYfs0fOTjJ77WNrFbas8oNN-Mve6b8tv1zGz3BDBl8N8nHj6uDWMdqGz5c-Kpx6~2NuOaZc4O7iQlp1I~u6jW6oDbpWtxINXlkbgZg8PJCGZ2U9fIic40PIZeQWVZSGG8IMxCPUSKhH5n1UNA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="89142283"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/89142283/Carvalho_2022_On_the_Guaranian_evidence_for_two_Proto_Tupi_Guarani_affricates_Journal_of_Language_Relationship_20_1_2_81_112"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho. 2022. On the Guaranian evidence for two Proto-Tupi-Guarani affricates. Journal of Language Relationship 20 (1-2): 81-112." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92993561/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/89142283/Carvalho_2022_On_the_Guaranian_evidence_for_two_Proto_Tupi_Guarani_affricates_Journal_of_Language_Relationship_20_1_2_81_112">Carvalho. 2022. On the Guaranian evidence for two Proto-Tupi-Guarani affricates. Journal of Language Relationship 20 (1-2): 81-112.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Language Relationship</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It has been recently claimed that the orthodox reconstruction of two affricate segments for Proto...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It has been recently claimed that the orthodox reconstruction of two affricate segments for Proto-Tupi-Guarani (PTG) is untenable because the relevant reflexes are too chaotic. Under this view, PTG is best reconstructed with a single affricate segment, the multiplicity of correspondence patterns being explained as the result of later dialectal borrowing among Guaranian varieties. This view is discussed and rejected here after detailed evaluation. I show that the correspondences in question are not as chaotic as implied, and that evidence from the Guaranian branch calls for the reconstruction of two affricate segments for PTG. Minor correspondence patterns with special reflexes in Guaranian and in other Tupi-Guarani languages are plausibly explained by other, independent developments such as palatalization, dialectal borrowing, and sporadic/reductive losses in compounds. Although the traditional reconstruction of two segments is vindicated, we offer here the first explicit formulation of this proposal backed up by comparative reconstruction of PTG etyma.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ec49a031fc81f7a43448cb183144cf44" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92993561,"asset_id":89142283,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92993561/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="89142283"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89142283"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89142283; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89142283]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89142283]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89142283; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='89142283']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ec49a031fc81f7a43448cb183144cf44" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=89142283]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":89142283,"title":"Carvalho. 2022. On the Guaranian evidence for two Proto-Tupi-Guarani affricates. 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Deriving calibrations for Arawakan using archaeological evidence. Interface Focus 13" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95494782/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/92502516/Michael_Carvalho_Chacon_Rybka_Sabogal_Chousou_Polydouri_Kaiping_2022_Deriving_calibrations_for_Arawakan_using_archaeological_evidence_Interface_Focus_13">Michael, Carvalho, Chacon, Rybka, Sabogal, Chousou-Polydouri, Kaiping. 2022. Deriving calibrations for Arawakan using archaeological evidence. Interface Focus 13</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho">Fernando O. de Carvalho</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nmhu.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sSabogal">Andres M Sabogal</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/NataliaChousouPolydouri">Natalia Chousou-Polydouri</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Interface Focus</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper identifies time calibration points for accurately rooting and dating the phylogeny of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper identifies time calibration points for accurately rooting and dating the phylogeny of Arawakan, the largest Indigenous linguistic family of the Americas. We present and model a methodology for extracting calibration points from the archaeological record, based on principles of geographical overlap between archaeological sites and Arawakan peoples, and on continuity in material culture between archaeological finds and modern Arawakan practices. Based on a consensus model of the expansion of the Arawakan family from Central Amazonia, we focus on archaeological finds in Arawakan expansion zones, where Arawakan material culture abruptly appears in a given region, and where only a single major Arawakan subgroup/clade is present. We find 12 calibration points from archaeological sites in Arawakan expansion zones and also identify more recent calibration points from the historical record based on first mentions of ethnonyms and early sources of lexical data.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8aa04d53161373be6388ed05fcdc0026" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95494782,"asset_id":92502516,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95494782/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92502516"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92502516"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92502516; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92502516]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92502516]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92502516; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92502516']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8aa04d53161373be6388ed05fcdc0026" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92502516]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92502516,"title":"Michael, Carvalho, Chacon, Rybka, Sabogal, Chousou-Polydouri, Kaiping. 2022. Deriving calibrations for Arawakan using archaeological evidence. Interface Focus 13","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92502516/Michael_Carvalho_Chacon_Rybka_Sabogal_Chousou_Polydouri_Kaiping_2022_Deriving_calibrations_for_Arawakan_using_archaeological_evidence_Interface_Focus_13","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":95494782,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95494782/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"rsfs.2022.0049.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95494782/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Michael_Carvalho_Chacon_Rybka_Sabogal_Ch.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/95494782/rsfs.2022.0049-libre.pdf?1670606636=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMichael_Carvalho_Chacon_Rybka_Sabogal_Ch.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816426\u0026Signature=Gtvkb7fat2ZP3LQJmPZc4CnhlfeYYKY7fF-OJ2fRGU6WQo4X6m18gJWUXUS0Ie~AFnnOouglfmoW-E6BegLVKYorgZVdNLwsTYjtvsyT2RbbpqMtHvWl6C0EzE83Lf97NhqW32g0dq3PJrWNYRJdJrSNfybknPRspSbnbWerBvIle6KWOv82JvYpEn9QML63a5gXV1Ntt8DbJcC5IubZ8qt2a7zZ9P2ki2udrAwsRbm1o1yPOHRNYiTBz2mMGFSQTBXsfHV9NgaaNMa5GNjDuCQXh5dYxr1r6VEdyIS7bMAFPA1WaZdkyYmsjCvY~X8J9xru-mFzB9PyjV1PbNsIog__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="89142552"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/89142552/Carvalho_2022_A_new_sound_change_for_Guarani_an_glottal_prothesis_internal_classification_and_the_explanation_of_synchronic_irregularities_Folia_Linguistica_Historica_56_263_288"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho. 2022. A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanation of synchronic irregularities. Folia Linguistica Historica 56: 263-288." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92993817/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/89142552/Carvalho_2022_A_new_sound_change_for_Guarani_an_glottal_prothesis_internal_classification_and_the_explanation_of_synchronic_irregularities_Folia_Linguistica_Historica_56_263_288">Carvalho. 2022. A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanation of synchronic irregularities. Folia Linguistica Historica 56: 263-288.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Folia Linguistica Historica</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanati...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanation of synchronic irregularities Abstract: A so far overlooked sound change in the historical phonology of the Guaranian branch of the Tupi-Guarani language family is discussed in the present paper. The sound change in question, which accounts for certain synchronic morphological irregularities, consists of the insertion of the glottal fricative h in word-initial position any time the next (right-adjacent) syllable has a glottal stop ʔ as its onset consonant. Allomorphy resulting from this change is shown to affect verbal, nominal, and postpositional prefixes, as well as monomorphemic lexemes, thus unifying the treatment of synchronic patterns which are often addressed as an exclusive trait of certain verb forms. The paper ends by discussing the issue of internal classification, pointing a few limitations in past attempts to ground the subgrouping of Tupi-Guarani languages on phonological grounds, and highlighting the status of glottal prothesis as the first known phonological isogloss exclusively shared by the Guaranian varieties.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a8f072e5863dbc843bb56d0e3b644243" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92993817,"asset_id":89142552,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92993817/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="89142552"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89142552"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89142552; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89142552]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89142552]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89142552; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='89142552']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a8f072e5863dbc843bb56d0e3b644243" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=89142552]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":89142552,"title":"Carvalho. 2022. A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanation of synchronic irregularities. 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A Comparative Reconstruction of Proto-Purus (Arawakan) Phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics 87 (1): 49-108." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65077496/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43437228/Carvalho_2021_A_Comparative_Reconstruction_of_Proto_Purus_Arawakan_Phonology_International_Journal_of_American_Linguistics_87_1_49_108">Carvalho.2021. A Comparative Reconstruction of Proto-Purus (Arawakan) Phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics 87 (1): 49-108.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of American Linguistics</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper offers a comparative reconstruction of the phonology of Proto-Purus (PP), the common a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper offers a comparative reconstruction of the phonology of Proto-Purus (PP), the common ancestor of Iñapari, Apurinã and Yine. The reconstruction presented here differs in many ways from current opinion on PP phonology: I argue that the contrast between r and l is a secondary development in Yine, that there is no need for reconstructing a vowel *I, and that most if not all instances of initial h in Yine reflect PP *h. Also, based on correspondences between syncopated vowels in Yine and mobile accents in Iñapari, I reconstruct for PP a morphological or mobile accentual system. Next, shared innovations support the classification of the sparsely documented Kuniba and Kanamirim together with Yine, but do not point to any compelling subgrouping hypothesis involving Yine, Apurinã and Iñapari. The paper ends with an appendix listing all 206 cognate sets used in the reconstruction, along with etymological notes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3ecd2bf838e0f7ecfecf5f839fd94c7c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65077496,"asset_id":43437228,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65077496/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43437228"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43437228"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43437228; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43437228]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43437228]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43437228; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43437228']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3ecd2bf838e0f7ecfecf5f839fd94c7c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43437228]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43437228,"title":"Carvalho.2021. A Comparative Reconstruction of Proto-Purus (Arawakan) Phonology. 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On the diachronic origins of the Terena (Arawakan) accentual contrast. Transactions of the Philological Society 119 (3): 315-329." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68575054/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/50690830/Carvalho_2021_On_the_diachronic_origins_of_the_Terena_Arawakan_accentual_contrast_Transactions_of_the_Philological_Society_119_3_315_329">Carvalho.2021. On the diachronic origins of the Terena (Arawakan) accentual contrast. Transactions of the Philological Society 119 (3): 315-329.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transactions of the Philological Society</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper presents internal and comparative evidence showing that the origin of the accentual co...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper presents internal and comparative evidence showing that the origin of the accentual contrast of modern Terena, an Arawakan language of southwestern Brazil, is related to a diachronic process of word-initial vowel loss. Alternations internal to the language involve a relation between vowel-initial trisyllabic allomorphs and consonantinitial disyllabic allomorphs, the latter bearing a tonal accent. Comparative evidence from Mojeño, one of Terena's closest relatives, provides crucial support for the correspondence between word-initial vowels and an initial tonal accent. A coherent account is proposed, tracing both the loss of initial syllables and the emergence of an accentual contrast to subphonemic patterns enforcing durational unevenness in iambic feet: Syllables in footinternal, non-head position were lost, while the previously allophonic lengthening of the head syllable was phonologized, yielding the tonally marked accent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f13272b91a9ff0bbaa13979c047bd04b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68575054,"asset_id":50690830,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68575054/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="50690830"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50690830"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50690830; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50690830]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50690830]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50690830; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='50690830']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f13272b91a9ff0bbaa13979c047bd04b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=50690830]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":50690830,"title":"Carvalho.2021. On the diachronic origins of the Terena (Arawakan) accentual contrast. 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Evaluation of cognation judgments undermines computational phylogeny of the Arawakan language family. Journal of Language Relationship" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64999509/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43631277/Carvalho_2020_Evaluation_of_cognation_judgments_undermines_computational_phylogeny_of_the_Arawakan_language_family_Journal_of_Language_Relationship">Carvalho.2020. Evaluation of cognation judgments undermines computational phylogeny of the Arawakan language family. Journal of Language Relationship</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Language Relationship</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The goal of this paper is to critically examine the linguistic analyses underlying Walker & Ribei...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The goal of this paper is to critically examine the linguistic analyses underlying Walker & Ribeiro (2011), a widely cited computational phylogenetic study of the Arawakan language family. To the extent that their claims concerning the internal classification of this vast group of languages hinges on their cognation judgments, and that their more ambitious claims concerning prehistoric migration routes of Arawakan-speaking peoples depend, in turn, on this proposed internal classification, I show that outright rejection of their results is highly commendable. Errors include both false negatives, where cognation relations between comparanda were missed, as well as false positives, where non-cognate material in different languages were judged to be reflexes of single Proto-Arawakan etyma. No clear pattern seems to emerge from their cognation decisions, and the resulting judgments seem to be, in many cases, so strongly detached from even impressionistic assessments of similarity that the resulting distribution of cognation scores could have been produced independently of the data. The paper ends with a plea for greater sobriety in the historical linguistics of native South America, which should focus on clear and well-supported applications of the comparative method before embarking on endeavors that depend on this traditional work for their success. More importantly, though, South Americanists should avoid groundless statements on the supposed uselessness, or exhaustion, of the comparative method as a tool for uncovering the linguistic history of the continent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3d2d6b48099b28b0ec0e2ca960ff3f82" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64999509,"asset_id":43631277,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64999509/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43631277"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43631277"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43631277; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43631277]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43631277]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43631277; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43631277']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3d2d6b48099b28b0ec0e2ca960ff3f82" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43631277]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43631277,"title":"Carvalho.2020. Evaluation of cognation judgments undermines computational phylogeny of the Arawakan language family. 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International Journal of American Linguistics 82 (3)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47484379/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26935996/Carvalho_2016_Internal_and_Comparative_Reconstruction_in_Yawalapiti_Palatalization_and_Rule_Telescoping_International_Journal_of_American_Linguistics_82_3_">Carvalho.2016.Internal and Comparative Reconstruction in Yawalapiti: Palatalization and Rule Telescoping. International Journal of American Linguistics 82 (3)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper presents an investigation of the historical phonology of Yawalapiti, an Arawak languag...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper presents an investigation of the historical phonology of Yawalapiti, an Arawak language spoken in central Brazil. After internal reconstruction is applied to a set of alternations observed in the language, comparative evidence for the proposed reconstructions is addressed. The alternations in question can be loosely described as involving some sort of palatalization process, but the adequacy of this label is obscured by some properties that make these alternations unnatural from a phonetic point of view and highly morphologized. It is shown that these alternations can be seen as the result of developments starting with phonetically transparent, allophonic rules of palatalization of the kind seen in other southern Arawak languages. Additional hypotheses on the historical phonology of the language are also advanced and argued for using comparative evidence.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="629fab27ce9490fa050b4d42c36d4910" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47484379,"asset_id":26935996,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47484379/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26935996"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26935996"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26935996; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26935996]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26935996]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26935996; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26935996']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "629fab27ce9490fa050b4d42c36d4910" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26935996]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26935996,"title":"Carvalho.2016.Internal and Comparative Reconstruction in Yawalapiti: Palatalization and Rule Telescoping. 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For the published version (with co...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Version comments: The authors' final version is uploaded here. For the published version (with corrections) and supplementary materials, go to the journal: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2022.0049" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2022.0049</a><br /><br />Abstract: This paper identifies time calibration points for accurately rooting and dating the phylogeny of Arawakan, the largest Indigenous linguistic family of the Americas. We present and model a methodology for extracting calibration points from the archaeological record, based on principles of geographical overlap between archaeological sites and Arawakan peoples, and on continuity in material culture between archaeological finds and modern Arawakan practices. Based on a consensus model of the expansion of the Arawakan family from Central Amazonia, we focus on archaeological finds in Arawakan expansion zones, where Arawakan material culture abruptly appears in a given region, and where only a single major Arawakan subgroup/clade is present. We find 12 calibration points from archaeological sites in Arawakan expansion zones and also identify more recent calibration points from the historical record based on first mentions of ethnonyms and early sources of lexical data.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cd3f48019f4c97ccd3001cc6b161c0bb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95497369,"asset_id":92506070,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95497369/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92506070"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92506070"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92506070; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="5365317" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127297944"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127297944/Carvalho_Forthcoming_On_the_lexical_evidence_for_a_genealogical_relation_between_M%C3%BAra_Pirah%C3%A3_and_Matanawi_L%C3%ADnguas_Ind%C3%ADgenas_Americanas_LIAMES_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho. Forthcoming. On the lexical evidence for a genealogical relation between Múra-Pirahã and Matanawi. Línguas Indígenas Americanas (LIAMES)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121051095/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127297944/Carvalho_Forthcoming_On_the_lexical_evidence_for_a_genealogical_relation_between_M%C3%BAra_Pirah%C3%A3_and_Matanawi_L%C3%ADnguas_Ind%C3%ADgenas_Americanas_LIAMES_">Carvalho. Forthcoming. On the lexical evidence for a genealogical relation between Múra-Pirahã and Matanawi. Línguas Indígenas Americanas (LIAMES)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Liames (Línguas Indígenas Americanas)</span><span>, 2025</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper shows that the lexical evidence in favor of a genealogical relation between Múra-Pirah...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper shows that the lexical evidence in favor of a genealogical relation between Múra-Pirahã and Matanawi is stronger than so far suspected. It takes into account evidence from the full set of attested doculects making the Múra-Pirahã languoid. And, more importantly, it incorporates information about the nature of attested formal mismatches in evaluating the comparative sets that feature Matanawi lexical elements. I identify a series of formal/semantic matches in basic lexical meanings, in addition to pointing out plausible accounts for unmatched formal residue. Some tentative overlapping correspondences that suggest phonetically motivated diachronic splits are discussed as well. In the end, although the case for a relationship between Múra-Pirahã and Matanawí can be more strongly asserted, the very limited nature of the existing documentation of Matanawi probably precludes a more definite validation of the hypothesis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7eeaf2266c0c1397c2ed00c578a7e5c1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121051095,"asset_id":127297944,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121051095/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127297944"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127297944"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127297944; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127297944]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127297944]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127297944; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127297944']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7eeaf2266c0c1397c2ed00c578a7e5c1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127297944]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127297944,"title":"Carvalho. Forthcoming. On the lexical evidence for a genealogical relation between Múra-Pirahã and Matanawi. Línguas Indígenas Americanas (LIAMES)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127297944/Carvalho_Forthcoming_On_the_lexical_evidence_for_a_genealogical_relation_between_M%C3%BAra_Pirah%C3%A3_and_Matanawi_L%C3%ADnguas_Ind%C3%ADgenas_Americanas_LIAMES_","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":121051095,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121051095/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"mura_piraha_matanawi_liames_revisado.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121051095/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Carvalho_Forthcoming_On_the_lexical_evid.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/121051095/mura_piraha_matanawi_liames_revisado-libre.pdf?1737999515=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCarvalho_Forthcoming_On_the_lexical_evid.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816425\u0026Signature=apbSSx~bqv8cmUFm4Ab20II8uk0WisJ7OGYvwOMyR6zDR8SsGP2Ht7yB~z~avUVEW92-LkKWcTDCCGQZtuwrMCceXvybo9yzsIpqm2vMPToztEkvUrxM~8vASvWC-U6i7XJOiMODAHmyhkX3VQcaANuTzsR4WiDa3u08DcM-kieRrSnWAvCRKsp1boice-tJtpKxAp9px2nRHjhuyQihnrqwyxQZR51dECyPfvdyk-~eyVRHuYz1MxSdBT~uQf8C~YhBQQSDFWYVgU0~nx3lP~U8z6BnAhq85oywMkkdxd1QvQ5krrxBSGuoBKAXPIHX1GGegtQdA3vipp93eFEsnA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127297840"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127297840/Carvalho_2025_The_M%C3%BAra_doculects_and_M%C3%BAra_Pirah%C3%A3_historical_linguistics_In_Investigating_language_isolates_typological_and_diachronic_perspectives_Iker_Salaberri_Dorota_Krajewska_Ekaitz_Santazilia_and_Eneko_Zuloaga_eds_Amsterdam_John_Benjamins_208_246"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho. 2025. The Múra doculects and Múra-Pirahã historical linguistics. In: Investigating language isolates: typological and diachronic perspectives (Iker Salaberri, Dorota Krajewska, Ekaitz Santazilia and Eneko Zuloaga, eds.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 208-246." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121050974/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127297840/Carvalho_2025_The_M%C3%BAra_doculects_and_M%C3%BAra_Pirah%C3%A3_historical_linguistics_In_Investigating_language_isolates_typological_and_diachronic_perspectives_Iker_Salaberri_Dorota_Krajewska_Ekaitz_Santazilia_and_Eneko_Zuloaga_eds_Amsterdam_John_Benjamins_208_246">Carvalho. 2025. The Múra doculects and Múra-Pirahã historical linguistics. In: Investigating language isolates: typological and diachronic perspectives (Iker Salaberri, Dorota Krajewska, Ekaitz Santazilia and Eneko Zuloaga, eds.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 208-246.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the absence of related languages, research on isolates must pay close attention to dialectal d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the absence of related languages, research on isolates must pay close attention to dialectal differentiation. As these varieties are often poorly recorded in rather idiosyncratic pre-modern sources, a certain amount of philological acumen is needed as well. This paper addresses Múra-Pirahã (Brazil) by examining the existing sources on the Múra dialect(s). The main isoglosses characterizing the doculects are discussed, and a series of claims on language contact are presented and evaluated. It is argued that the impact of Tupi-Guarani languages on Múra-Pirahã is more complex and varied than assumed so far, and a series of novel claims on the role of Múra-Pirahã in the diffusion of regional loanwords and Wanderwörter is advanced.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b3ed974acaf52d8c45e67bb295de0d14" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121050974,"asset_id":127297840,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121050974/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127297840"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127297840"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127297840; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127297840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127297840]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127297840; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127297840']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b3ed974acaf52d8c45e67bb295de0d14" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127297840]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127297840,"title":"Carvalho. 2025. The Múra doculects and Múra-Pirahã historical linguistics. In: Investigating language isolates: typological and diachronic perspectives (Iker Salaberri, Dorota Krajewska, Ekaitz Santazilia and Eneko Zuloaga, eds.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 208-246.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127297840/Carvalho_2025_The_M%C3%BAra_doculects_and_M%C3%BAra_Pirah%C3%A3_historical_linguistics_In_Investigating_language_isolates_typological_and_diachronic_perspectives_Iker_Salaberri_Dorota_Krajewska_Ekaitz_Santazilia_and_Eneko_Zuloaga_eds_Amsterdam_John_Benjamins_208_246","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":121050974,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121050974/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Leaflet_tsl.135.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121050974/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Carvalho_2025_The_Mura_doculects_and_Mur.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/121050974/Leaflet_tsl.135-libre.pdf?1737999533=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCarvalho_2025_The_Mura_doculects_and_Mur.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816425\u0026Signature=aLlhKjSOf3vl9xQtFPyap1CTQTgxDIHZcGOCrAkG4Va~-Eemli7GAfNij1VE5-tD0Pj6eTsZsqOK5SP~sNmQ2vwX~GtaM504kQI2azkTelFzck1QYeKX3SmLdBFkTQlcSzBmtlr3BE0TMQuBlJuMaqrTN-bi~7OuWvXFBSZ0bdUy2l4y8FndUjn5~9G6D0tW1OQ0NtALR2lUbXo5mE2uVATOjzRbPbLXuO12rgXVs~oVemkr5YFyHhufb24xraNCPkpW4-bExK0xWE7nZBO1NFFgy4-s47eaquf1lYFkqtOvQU4OL7ZZuYPdNghI-i6I2T9r8C3TuLsb50AlT1Z8Qg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123896747"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123896747/Carvalho_To_appear_Derived_allomorphy_as_a_diachronic_shared_innovation_in_Terena_and_Moje%C3%B1o_nominalization_Folia_Linguistica"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho. To appear. Derived allomorphy as a diachronic shared innovation in Terena and Mojeño nominalization. Folia Linguistica" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118224533/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123896747/Carvalho_To_appear_Derived_allomorphy_as_a_diachronic_shared_innovation_in_Terena_and_Moje%C3%B1o_nominalization_Folia_Linguistica">Carvalho. To appear. Derived allomorphy as a diachronic shared innovation in Terena and Mojeño nominalization. Folia Linguistica</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Folia Linguistica</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper shows, first, that Terena and Mojeño share a cognate pattern of allomorphy in the deri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper shows, first, that Terena and Mojeño share a cognate pattern of allomorphy in the derivation of deverbal object nominalizations. Cognation is established at the level of two phonologically-conditioned allomorphs, whose diachronic equivalence can be established on functional, distributional and formal grounds. Second, we argue that this allomorphy pattern results from the merger of an inherited opposition between gender marking suffixes that were previously used as nominalizers. Comparative evidence from other Arawakan languages is reviewed in support of this hypothesis. Given the unique character of this pattern among Arawakan languages, we suggest that it constitutes a shared innovation defining a common ancestor, Proto-Achane, which is exclusively shared by Terena and Mojeño, thus defining a subgroup which further research may show to include the Paunaka language as well.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0bbb4d2c5eea9b347946629ef5921c97" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118224533,"asset_id":123896747,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118224533/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123896747"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123896747"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123896747; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123896747]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123896747]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123896747; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123896747']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0bbb4d2c5eea9b347946629ef5921c97" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123896747]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123896747,"title":"Carvalho. To appear. Derived allomorphy as a diachronic shared innovation in Terena and Mojeño nominalization. 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O. de. 2024. Linguistic evidence and Tupi-Guarani/Cariban contacts in the Eastern Guianas: Wajãpi kasi 'be strong', pipi 'father's sister' and kasuru 'pearl'. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118060857/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123341282/Carvalho_F_O_de_2024_Linguistic_evidence_and_Tupi_Guarani_Cariban_contacts_in_the_Eastern_Guianas_Waj%C3%A3pi_kasi_be_strong_pipi_fathers_sister_and_kasuru_pearl_Boletim_do_Museu_Paraense_Em%C3%ADlio_Goeldi">Carvalho, F. O. de. 2024. Linguistic evidence and Tupi-Guarani/Cariban contacts in the Eastern Guianas: Wajãpi kasi 'be strong', pipi 'father's sister' and kasuru 'pearl'. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This brief paper proposes a Cariban etymology for the Wajãpi (Tupi-Guarani) verb -kasi 'be strong...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This brief paper proposes a Cariban etymology for the Wajãpi (Tupi-Guarani) verb -kasi 'be strong', which has been incorrectly suggested as being of Tupi-Guarani provenance. It is proposed that the source language for this diffusion event was Apalai, and not Wayana, as is usually claimed when the issue of the Cariban influx into Wajãpi is addressed. Two other Cariban loans are discussed, pipi 'father's sister' and kasuru 'pearl', and in these cases as well it is shown that diffusion from Apalai, not Wayana, is the more likely scenario. Implications of the findings are discussed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ccf7191179f6ab569e153e468e6d5cc5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118060857,"asset_id":123341282,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118060857/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123341282"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123341282"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123341282; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123341282]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123341282]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123341282; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123341282']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ccf7191179f6ab569e153e468e6d5cc5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123341282]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123341282,"title":"Carvalho, F. O. de. 2024. Linguistic evidence and Tupi-Guarani/Cariban contacts in the Eastern Guianas: Wajãpi kasi 'be strong', pipi 'father's sister' and kasuru 'pearl'. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123341282/Carvalho_F_O_de_2024_Linguistic_evidence_and_Tupi_Guarani_Cariban_contacts_in_the_Eastern_Guianas_Waj%C3%A3pi_kasi_be_strong_pipi_fathers_sister_and_kasuru_pearl_Boletim_do_Museu_Paraense_Em%C3%ADlio_Goeldi","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":118060857,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118060857/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"wajapi_kasi_etymology_revised_version.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118060857/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Carvalho_F_O_de_2024_Linguistic_evidence.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/118060857/wajapi_kasi_etymology_revised_version-libre.pdf?1725843265=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCarvalho_F_O_de_2024_Linguistic_evidence.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816425\u0026Signature=AJFTWj0MRL-b9b27CYY-YHWhPY4urnWJzAcRLG5Q2a~tEWXy53b4vbswjLRg8BdAlfkmFQPc-~bMzvPsZz7zHuE6ucJ6gBR5txTWfQy83slHlmKp-wUjzl2zqLwNGuArEHmmA7bn2bcJ4kj5E~wDMExXEjQdNZWbYveVDyC9n2i6zDrzBcxu-NvMdOf6CblgTO5ljkpYEEhvw8dIHvf0jma00nDlTVatOnV1N-AFrjZEXc7bgWiruuhe~4UxrosMkbX6g0cC84OJAvinsBk7NQIwnysnWLBcbdybBB3cSO7ZLYglN2peuM9S95l8HKuIcQvIILptVh1-TywonCfh-Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123341198"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123341198/Carvalho_F_O_de_2024_An_improved_etymology_for_the_Tupi_Guarani_ethnonym_Kagwahiva_Studia_Linguistica_Universitatis_Iagellonicae_Cracoviensis_141_3_139_159"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho, F. O. de. 2024. An improved etymology for the Tupi-Guarani ethnonym 'Kagwahiva'. Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 141 (3): 139-159." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118089870/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123341198/Carvalho_F_O_de_2024_An_improved_etymology_for_the_Tupi_Guarani_ethnonym_Kagwahiva_Studia_Linguistica_Universitatis_Iagellonicae_Cracoviensis_141_3_139_159">Carvalho, F. O. de. 2024. An improved etymology for the Tupi-Guarani ethnonym 'Kagwahiva'. Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 141 (3): 139-159.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present contribution challenges the traditional etymology of the well-known ethnonym kagwahiv...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present contribution challenges the traditional etymology of the well-known ethnonym kagwahiva, which goes back to the first decades of the 20th century. It is shown that the hypothesized etymological association with the reflexes of the Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kap/*kaβ-'wasp' is formally untenable. An alternative proposal is presented, supported by argumentation at phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic levels, and based on the identification of clear, yet so far, unacknowledged cognates in Old Tupi, Old Guarani and other languages within the family. A PTG etymon *-kawaip/*kawaiβ-'to be aggressive, prone to violence' is tentatively proposed, and further etymologization is advanced on the grounds of formal and semantic associations to *-kaʔu 'to drink (alcoholic beverage)' .</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eab637f1f51a87bbc362d4d7ee9299f5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118089870,"asset_id":123341198,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118089870/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123341198"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123341198"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123341198; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123341198]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123341198]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123341198; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123341198']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "eab637f1f51a87bbc362d4d7ee9299f5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123341198]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123341198,"title":"Carvalho, F. O. de. 2024. An improved etymology for the Tupi-Guarani ethnonym 'Kagwahiva'. Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 141 (3): 139-159.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123341198/Carvalho_F_O_de_2024_An_improved_etymology_for_the_Tupi_Guarani_ethnonym_Kagwahiva_Studia_Linguistica_Universitatis_Iagellonicae_Cracoviensis_141_3_139_159","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":118089870,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118089870/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Carvalho_SLing_3_2024.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118089870/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Carvalho_F_O_de_2024_An_improved_etymolo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/118089870/Carvalho_SLing_3_2024-libre.pdf?1725923669=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCarvalho_F_O_de_2024_An_improved_etymolo.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816425\u0026Signature=f1UAH83QfXqE2reLS41GitSnVDiHK3s0oaDM3KStCYrK6VKbujsd0x~YMBozUNanf2zrgxH7OoLfxhWUboNqsst5~CT2odcTPdRrQSqo3O-Lx-D9jkOGElTIjJ4cJlMcvP0bvj4zEJbIVP~5lO4d66KoGBn2QQnsXRKYm5G9maQ6xZ9xs2QDXdtQoIgy9rAkSjjIqpCS69eNo4940Gwgb-w6gUCJJlbCSC8skwu8IfP-2v7Xz8~VVgaYv5f-MRMt5g7xMCEV742ddzsFNJca-l8lit5MCcSEHLLzmGDNh3S5L-AreQ9PdUsWK0p5J96enl~IrtZ05Dyv94HI4~NwEg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123341125"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123341125/Carvalho_Chagas_Vasconcelos_2024_Ikpeng_Brazil_Language_Snapshot_Language_Documentation_and_Description_24_1_doi_https_doi_org_10_25894_ldd_1007"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho, Chagas, Vasconcelos. 2024. Ikpeng (Brazil) - Language Snapshot. Language Documentation and Description 24 (1) doi: https://doi.org/10.25894/ldd.1007" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117795399/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123341125/Carvalho_Chagas_Vasconcelos_2024_Ikpeng_Brazil_Language_Snapshot_Language_Documentation_and_Description_24_1_doi_https_doi_org_10_25894_ldd_1007">Carvalho, Chagas, Vasconcelos. 2024. Ikpeng (Brazil) - Language Snapshot. Language Documentation and Description 24 (1) doi: https://doi.org/10.25894/ldd.1007</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Language Documentation and Description</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ikpeng (ISO 639-3: txi; Glottocode: ikpe1245) is a member of the Cariban language family spoken b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ikpeng (ISO 639-3: txi; Glottocode: ikpe1245) is a member of the Cariban language family spoken by approximately 477 individuals in the Xingu Indigenous Park (PIX), in central Brazil (northeast region of the state of Mato Grosso). Although the Ikpeng, along with the other ethnic groups of the PIX, have been in constant interaction with the national society since the middle of the 20th century, language vitality is strong and all ethnic members of the group are speakers of the language, which is the day-to-day medium of communication for the Ikpeng.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4e714d51537c0cef1ba5b6627833a64f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117795399,"asset_id":123341125,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117795399/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123341125"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123341125"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123341125; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123341125]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123341125]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123341125; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123341125']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4e714d51537c0cef1ba5b6627833a64f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123341125]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123341125,"title":"Carvalho, Chagas, Vasconcelos. 2024. 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Forthcoming. The Múra doculects and Múra-Pirahã historical linguistics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107510220/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109361715/Carvalho_Forthcoming_The_M%C3%BAra_doculects_and_M%C3%BAra_Pirah%C3%A3_historical_linguistics">Carvalho. Forthcoming. The Múra doculects and Múra-Pirahã historical linguistics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">***DRAFT VERSION*** This paper fills a gap in the historical linguistics of Múra-Pirahã (Brazil) ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">***DRAFT VERSION***<br />This paper fills a gap in the historical linguistics of Múra-Pirahã (Brazil) by subjecting all of the published sources on Múra, Pirahã's co-dialect, to careful scrutiny. An overview of the main isoglosses characterizing the attested doculects is offered, as well as a comparative reconstitution of certain aspects of the Múra-Pirahã dialect cluster. A series of claims on language contact are addressed on the basis of this widened understandig of the diversity internal to Múra-Pirahã. It is argued that the impact of Tupi-Guarani languages on Múra-Pirahã is more complex and varied than assumed so far, and a series of novel claims on the role of Múra-Pirahã in the diffusion of regional loanwords and Wanderwörter are advanced.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d2276dbafdca6ac0f5a9d8d05a17172e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107510220,"asset_id":109361715,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107510220/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109361715"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109361715"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109361715; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109361715]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109361715]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109361715; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109361715']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d2276dbafdca6ac0f5a9d8d05a17172e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109361715]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109361715,"title":"Carvalho. 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Forthcoming. An improved etymology for the Tupi-Guarani ethnonym Kagwahiva" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107510013/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109361473/Carvalho_Forthcoming_An_improved_etymology_for_the_Tupi_Guarani_ethnonym_Kagwahiva">Carvalho. Forthcoming. An improved etymology for the Tupi-Guarani ethnonym Kagwahiva</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">****DRAFT VERSION**** The present contribution rejects the traditional etymology of the well-know...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">****DRAFT VERSION****<br />The present contribution rejects the traditional etymology of the well-known ethnonym kagwahiva, a proposal that goes back to the first decades of the 20 th century. It is shown that the hypothesized etymological association to reflexes of Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kap/*kaβ-'wasp' is formally untenable. An alternative proposal is presented, supported by argumentation at the phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic levels, and based on the identification of clear yet so far unacknowledged cognates in Old Tupi, Old Guarani and other languages of the family. A PTG etymon *kawaip/*kawaiβ-'to be aggressive, prone to violence' is tentatively proposed, and further etymologization is advanced on the grounds of formal and semantic associations to *kaʔu 'to drink (alcoholic beverage)'.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="94b98e9f1152bc53015ba1b273b2376e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107510013,"asset_id":109361473,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107510013/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109361473"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109361473"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109361473; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109361473]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109361473]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109361473; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109361473']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "94b98e9f1152bc53015ba1b273b2376e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109361473]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109361473,"title":"Carvalho. 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An improved etymology for the Tupi-Guarani ethnonym Kagwahiva","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109361473/Carvalho_Forthcoming_An_improved_etymology_for_the_Tupi_Guarani_ethnonym_Kagwahiva","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":107510013,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107510013/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"kagwahiva_etymology_1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107510013/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Carvalho_Forthcoming_An_improved_etymolo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107510013/kagwahiva_etymology_1-libre.pdf?1700359687=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCarvalho_Forthcoming_An_improved_etymolo.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816425\u0026Signature=LLCcf7Obpv1jzQHm~oVVfITOuy1GTBRMLHTpFoiK9tf0MHPfE0l5NksKslloTgqkV02Ppz49CsUcgzb4~dx2XCAvLaRP3s9TjcQMPfZhHjMx84dqAT7hNH4GzuSfyzZjSCrNqTRgU8EPqWirLs0waz~2dTn51YX-y7RsC0GBdxC4tOcMK5xl69iWOPd2JTUCByJur8DlYn3ij6BwtwqWUimYiAaT7wlQ3G56j18dDwSQwu2-6lg6kx~jL8JssWvdEEZWn8nYUCUmQUqykwpauxI~6a60a5SktDKnPUsyFJ27ybEL4WTxorRvEoLT5xv3hapbhe3uQDLDiNZ6XMVIBw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="97170798"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/97170798/Carvalho_forthcoming_An_outline_of_the_phonetics_and_phonology_of_the_Amapari_dialect_of_Waj%C3%A3pi_Tupi_Guarani_AMERINDIA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho. forthcoming. An outline of the phonetics and phonology of the Amapari dialect of Wajãpi (Tupi-Guarani). AMERINDIA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98866475/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/97170798/Carvalho_forthcoming_An_outline_of_the_phonetics_and_phonology_of_the_Amapari_dialect_of_Waj%C3%A3pi_Tupi_Guarani_AMERINDIA">Carvalho. forthcoming. An outline of the phonetics and phonology of the Amapari dialect of Wajãpi (Tupi-Guarani). AMERINDIA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>AMERINDIA</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper offers a brief description of the phonology and phonetics of the Amapari variety of Wa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper offers a brief description of the phonology and phonetics of the Amapari variety of Wajãpi (AW), a Tupian language of the Tupi-Guarani family spoken in northeastern Amazon regions of Brazil and French Guyana. I discuss the evidence for the contrastive status of its segmental units, with emphasis on the more salient phonetic manifestations of these elements and with comparisons with other Wajãpi dialects, better represented in the published literature. I argue that surface [kw] is best analyzed as a single complex segment kʷ and that AW differs from other Wajãpi varieties in retaining a contrast between w and β. I also provide evidence of the frequent realization of the glottal stop as supra-segmental glottalization, and of processes of both regressive and progressive nasalization. Particularly noteworthy is the evidence for a gradient process of regressive height harmony in vowels and of the predictable nasalization of final unaccented-a, two processes not described so far for other Wajãpi varieties.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f665fcbf8adfb2ef80c5eef521db96df" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":98866475,"asset_id":97170798,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98866475/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="97170798"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="97170798"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97170798; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=97170798]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=97170798]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97170798; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='97170798']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f665fcbf8adfb2ef80c5eef521db96df" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=97170798]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":97170798,"title":"Carvalho. forthcoming. An outline of the phonetics and phonology of the Amapari dialect of Wajãpi (Tupi-Guarani). 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Wajãpi (Brazil, French Guiana). Language Documentation and Description 23 (1): 1-8" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105242438/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105901459/Carvalho_2023_Waj%C3%A3pi_Brazil_French_Guiana_Language_Documentation_and_Description_23_1_1_8">Carvalho. 2023. Wajãpi (Brazil, French Guiana). Language Documentation and Description 23 (1): 1-8</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Language Documentation and Description</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Wajãpi is the name of a Tupi-Guarani language spoken by approximately 2,000 individuals in a regi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Wajãpi is the name of a Tupi-Guarani language spoken by approximately 2,000 individuals in a region straddling the border between Brazil and French Guiana. The language is spoken, with an uncertain amount of dialectal differentiation, by all members of the group. Wajãpi speakers used to be found over a wide region of northeastern Amazonia, scattered over the headwaters of many different rivers. However, recent movements have led to population concentrations in the Upper and Middle Oyapock centers of Ytuwasu and Camopi in French Guiana, and in the Wajãpi Indigenous Reservation in Brazil. Most of the published research on the language has focused on the Oyapock varieties, but the ongoing research reported on here is bringing to light a number of interesting phonological and morphosyntactic features of the Amapari Wajãpi variety spoken in Brazil.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bcff08245b62b84c47c915276bac57f8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105242438,"asset_id":105901459,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105242438/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105901459"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105901459"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105901459; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105901459]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105901459]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105901459; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105901459']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bcff08245b62b84c47c915276bac57f8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105901459]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105901459,"title":"Carvalho. 2023. Wajãpi (Brazil, French Guiana). 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Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi 18 (1): 1-21." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98762292/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/97027139/Carvalho_2023_Proto_Tupi_Guarani_had_no_palatalized_velar_stop_Bol_Mus_Para_Em%C3%ADlio_Goeldi_18_1_1_21">Carvalho.2023.Proto-Tupi-Guarani had no palatalized velar stop. Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi 18 (1): 1-21.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper addresses one of the open issues in the reconstruction of Proto-Tupi-Guarani (PTG) seg...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper addresses one of the open issues in the reconstruction of Proto-Tupi-Guarani (PTG) segmental phonology: The status of the *k-*kʲ opposition. We argue that the contrast is artifactual and that the presumed evidence in favor of PTG *kʲ can be considered as secondary developments of PTG *k in Kayabí, Guarayu, Kagwahiva, Tenetehára, Kamayurá, and Ka'apor. We establish additional facts regarding the structure of PTG and the historical phonology of TG languages, also showing that this finding eliminates the need for an unmotivated split in Pre-PTG history, a problematic feature of current reconstructions of the Proto-Tupian consonant system.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="93bc78c9e61339feb1530680b7eba188" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":98762292,"asset_id":97027139,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98762292/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="97027139"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="97027139"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97027139; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=97027139]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=97027139]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97027139; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='97027139']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "93bc78c9e61339feb1530680b7eba188" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=97027139]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":97027139,"title":"Carvalho.2023.Proto-Tupi-Guarani had no palatalized velar stop. Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi 18 (1): 1-21.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97027139/Carvalho_2023_Proto_Tupi_Guarani_had_no_palatalized_velar_stop_Bol_Mus_Para_Em%C3%ADlio_Goeldi_18_1_1_21","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":98762292,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98762292/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"proto_carvalho_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98762292/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Carvalho_2023_Proto_Tupi_Guarani_had_no.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98762292/proto_carvalho_-libre.pdf?1676589684=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCarvalho_2023_Proto_Tupi_Guarani_had_no.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816426\u0026Signature=YonVA~7Hb4yWXXTJ2OWwSm-Qn6xXqj8JUthhokn5dTP4VRlvwOu81a04aOzWvhEhkS2ab3Lex076RsLA1hD1q~Iop9udGFIRXG9Ez-VaK7zJu1SCli2pltcn6rqWwArdNelPdaLXO63v8rcHQCIdSgY6VPTl4ErzVSQ6C7S0D71-e3mTofVilV4o5Mxfo5gAKNI19fzrENoGqT8G-jKqBRB2can3Loy2qBjBNINu5Jz54xCHSw~5BZTnG2pIqaP~3dKIvwNp0QAFQbflRaejK7VX6VnLHLtkdes6zjbups6N0oUBC6y3teioz5trs0DdpjHsEkMcsYxDlSAQKxQc0g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="96969950"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/96969950/Carvalho_2023_Paynes_rule_and_the_late_o_a_shift_in_Moje%C3%B1o_Ignaciano_A_response_to_Ramirez_and_Fran%C3%A7a_2019_or_how_not_to_do_Historical_Linguistics_LIAMES_L%C3%ADnguas_Ind%C3%ADgenas_Americanas_23_1_36"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho. 2023. Payne's rule and the late *o > a shift in Mojeño Ignaciano: A response to Ramirez & França (2019) -or, how (not) to do Historical Linguistics. LIAMES (Línguas Indígenas Americanas) 23: 1-36." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98720531/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/96969950/Carvalho_2023_Paynes_rule_and_the_late_o_a_shift_in_Moje%C3%B1o_Ignaciano_A_response_to_Ramirez_and_Fran%C3%A7a_2019_or_how_not_to_do_Historical_Linguistics_LIAMES_L%C3%ADnguas_Ind%C3%ADgenas_Americanas_23_1_36">Carvalho. 2023. Payne's rule and the late *o > a shift in Mojeño Ignaciano: A response to Ramirez & França (2019) -or, how (not) to do Historical Linguistics. LIAMES (Línguas Indígenas Americanas) 23: 1-36.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LIAMES (Línguas Indígenas Americanas)</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ramirez & França's (2019) claim that a change *a > o took place multiple times and without any di...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ramirez & França's (2019) claim that a change *a > o took place multiple times and without any discernible conditioning factor-which the authors present as an explicit counterproposal to a series of claims made in Carvalho & Rose (2018)-is methodologically and empirically flawed. We show here that the supposed evidence from loanwords is artifactual, that the comparison between 18 th Guaná and modern Terena rests on an arbitrarily selective and, ultimately, misleading treatment of the relevant sources, and that the claimed ancestor-descendant relationship between Old Mojeño and Trinitario is at odds with other well-established claims about the history of Mojeño dialects, in addition to being an unnecessary and extraneous assumption. Moreover, a lexical stratification of the Mojeño lexicon in terms of basic and lessbasic strata shows that the main correspondence favored by Ramirez & França (2019) as the reflex of Proto-Arawakan *a in Mojeño is essentially restricted to nonbasic vocabulary, a finding that vindicates Carvalho & Rose's (2018) interpretation of this pattern as reflecting dialect borrowing or diffusion.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="862075994a814c9b722bb29c4b400bce" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":98720531,"asset_id":96969950,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98720531/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="96969950"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="96969950"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96969950; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96969950]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96969950]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96969950; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='96969950']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "862075994a814c9b722bb29c4b400bce" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=96969950]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":96969950,"title":"Carvalho. 2023. Payne's rule and the late *o \u003e a shift in Mojeño Ignaciano: A response to Ramirez \u0026 França (2019) -or, how (not) to do Historical Linguistics. LIAMES (Línguas Indígenas Americanas) 23: 1-36.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96969950/Carvalho_2023_Paynes_rule_and_the_late_o_a_shift_in_Moje%C3%B1o_Ignaciano_A_response_to_Ramirez_and_Fran%C3%A7a_2019_or_how_not_to_do_Historical_Linguistics_LIAMES_L%C3%ADnguas_Ind%C3%ADgenas_Americanas_23_1_36","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":98720531,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98720531/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"03_Fernando_O._de_Carvalho.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98720531/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Carvalho_2023_Paynes_rule_and_the_late_o.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98720531/03_Fernando_O._de_Carvalho-libre.pdf?1676494714=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCarvalho_2023_Paynes_rule_and_the_late_o.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816426\u0026Signature=SNJ9pFv61YrDIC59Ahv05trx9h6PWFDPSLuE~leB21jd~pC0BDvzNQ~HlDKPYvWqPgXavCKjY58VZzRdsVZxQXIQhy-BsC12VYAHkPKXcR0rwYyoJ-NwGUqLdBB~oBNJvjo-sj7ja3c92R~R0aLvqqnG4CSgB90mFU94hhZY~13V~b9qOEFa1asp2VcoIbdmzT23iTYfs0fOTjJ77WNrFbas8oNN-Mve6b8tv1zGz3BDBl8N8nHj6uDWMdqGz5c-Kpx6~2NuOaZc4O7iQlp1I~u6jW6oDbpWtxINXlkbgZg8PJCGZ2U9fIic40PIZeQWVZSGG8IMxCPUSKhH5n1UNA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="89142283"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/89142283/Carvalho_2022_On_the_Guaranian_evidence_for_two_Proto_Tupi_Guarani_affricates_Journal_of_Language_Relationship_20_1_2_81_112"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho. 2022. On the Guaranian evidence for two Proto-Tupi-Guarani affricates. Journal of Language Relationship 20 (1-2): 81-112." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92993561/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/89142283/Carvalho_2022_On_the_Guaranian_evidence_for_two_Proto_Tupi_Guarani_affricates_Journal_of_Language_Relationship_20_1_2_81_112">Carvalho. 2022. On the Guaranian evidence for two Proto-Tupi-Guarani affricates. Journal of Language Relationship 20 (1-2): 81-112.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Language Relationship</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It has been recently claimed that the orthodox reconstruction of two affricate segments for Proto...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It has been recently claimed that the orthodox reconstruction of two affricate segments for Proto-Tupi-Guarani (PTG) is untenable because the relevant reflexes are too chaotic. Under this view, PTG is best reconstructed with a single affricate segment, the multiplicity of correspondence patterns being explained as the result of later dialectal borrowing among Guaranian varieties. This view is discussed and rejected here after detailed evaluation. I show that the correspondences in question are not as chaotic as implied, and that evidence from the Guaranian branch calls for the reconstruction of two affricate segments for PTG. Minor correspondence patterns with special reflexes in Guaranian and in other Tupi-Guarani languages are plausibly explained by other, independent developments such as palatalization, dialectal borrowing, and sporadic/reductive losses in compounds. Although the traditional reconstruction of two segments is vindicated, we offer here the first explicit formulation of this proposal backed up by comparative reconstruction of PTG etyma.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ec49a031fc81f7a43448cb183144cf44" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92993561,"asset_id":89142283,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92993561/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="89142283"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89142283"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89142283; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89142283]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89142283]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89142283; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='89142283']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ec49a031fc81f7a43448cb183144cf44" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=89142283]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":89142283,"title":"Carvalho. 2022. On the Guaranian evidence for two Proto-Tupi-Guarani affricates. Journal of Language Relationship 20 (1-2): 81-112.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89142283/Carvalho_2022_On_the_Guaranian_evidence_for_two_Proto_Tupi_Guarani_affricates_Journal_of_Language_Relationship_20_1_2_81_112","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":92993561,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92993561/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"carvalho_2022_ptg_affricates.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92993561/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Carvalho_2022_On_the_Guaranian_evidence.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/92993561/carvalho_2022_ptg_affricates-libre.pdf?1666651229=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCarvalho_2022_On_the_Guaranian_evidence.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816426\u0026Signature=Bl2-2iYD6E8uwgI52lxMw-NoTN-dpJdeiCXsPAdc6FqMo6rRuKcARicFdjKeSU2VzzEQxA1zCM9jUuhsBPFS3m01wxoHREEGO72hQaDScsLRBwbicdrVPsre3L6ix6tkmdkhjL8-Vyxbc~p1OwUS1waYEc6xd9pqrTbooBxqXDc7pKVQTG0B9wSIeaXHoh91kCGlMVtt-Bi8TVxUvUaYWsnZtLUUSIOPVZY1p7pqB7yivDnIs3DIf5kLi57oHdofdrYdf~o3K4LNcbad40pTOzTvAq0ohqWWSgHqcyKN7BwT~NhH1HKH~~k1OLU8iysrawpgoliiPOg9Zq7BAmeCkg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="92502516"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/92502516/Michael_Carvalho_Chacon_Rybka_Sabogal_Chousou_Polydouri_Kaiping_2022_Deriving_calibrations_for_Arawakan_using_archaeological_evidence_Interface_Focus_13"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Michael, Carvalho, Chacon, Rybka, Sabogal, Chousou-Polydouri, Kaiping. 2022. Deriving calibrations for Arawakan using archaeological evidence. Interface Focus 13" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95494782/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/92502516/Michael_Carvalho_Chacon_Rybka_Sabogal_Chousou_Polydouri_Kaiping_2022_Deriving_calibrations_for_Arawakan_using_archaeological_evidence_Interface_Focus_13">Michael, Carvalho, Chacon, Rybka, Sabogal, Chousou-Polydouri, Kaiping. 2022. Deriving calibrations for Arawakan using archaeological evidence. Interface Focus 13</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho">Fernando O. de Carvalho</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nmhu.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sSabogal">Andres M Sabogal</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/NataliaChousouPolydouri">Natalia Chousou-Polydouri</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Interface Focus</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper identifies time calibration points for accurately rooting and dating the phylogeny of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper identifies time calibration points for accurately rooting and dating the phylogeny of Arawakan, the largest Indigenous linguistic family of the Americas. We present and model a methodology for extracting calibration points from the archaeological record, based on principles of geographical overlap between archaeological sites and Arawakan peoples, and on continuity in material culture between archaeological finds and modern Arawakan practices. Based on a consensus model of the expansion of the Arawakan family from Central Amazonia, we focus on archaeological finds in Arawakan expansion zones, where Arawakan material culture abruptly appears in a given region, and where only a single major Arawakan subgroup/clade is present. We find 12 calibration points from archaeological sites in Arawakan expansion zones and also identify more recent calibration points from the historical record based on first mentions of ethnonyms and early sources of lexical data.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8aa04d53161373be6388ed05fcdc0026" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95494782,"asset_id":92502516,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95494782/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92502516"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92502516"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92502516; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92502516]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92502516]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92502516; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92502516']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8aa04d53161373be6388ed05fcdc0026" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92502516]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92502516,"title":"Michael, Carvalho, Chacon, Rybka, Sabogal, Chousou-Polydouri, Kaiping. 2022. 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A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanation of synchronic irregularities. Folia Linguistica Historica 56: 263-288." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92993817/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/89142552/Carvalho_2022_A_new_sound_change_for_Guarani_an_glottal_prothesis_internal_classification_and_the_explanation_of_synchronic_irregularities_Folia_Linguistica_Historica_56_263_288">Carvalho. 2022. A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanation of synchronic irregularities. Folia Linguistica Historica 56: 263-288.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Folia Linguistica Historica</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanati...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanation of synchronic irregularities Abstract: A so far overlooked sound change in the historical phonology of the Guaranian branch of the Tupi-Guarani language family is discussed in the present paper. The sound change in question, which accounts for certain synchronic morphological irregularities, consists of the insertion of the glottal fricative h in word-initial position any time the next (right-adjacent) syllable has a glottal stop ʔ as its onset consonant. Allomorphy resulting from this change is shown to affect verbal, nominal, and postpositional prefixes, as well as monomorphemic lexemes, thus unifying the treatment of synchronic patterns which are often addressed as an exclusive trait of certain verb forms. The paper ends by discussing the issue of internal classification, pointing a few limitations in past attempts to ground the subgrouping of Tupi-Guarani languages on phonological grounds, and highlighting the status of glottal prothesis as the first known phonological isogloss exclusively shared by the Guaranian varieties.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a8f072e5863dbc843bb56d0e3b644243" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92993817,"asset_id":89142552,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92993817/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="89142552"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89142552"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89142552; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89142552]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89142552]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89142552; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='89142552']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a8f072e5863dbc843bb56d0e3b644243" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=89142552]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":89142552,"title":"Carvalho. 2022. A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanation of synchronic irregularities. 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A Comparative Reconstruction of Proto-Purus (Arawakan) Phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics 87 (1): 49-108." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65077496/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43437228/Carvalho_2021_A_Comparative_Reconstruction_of_Proto_Purus_Arawakan_Phonology_International_Journal_of_American_Linguistics_87_1_49_108">Carvalho.2021. A Comparative Reconstruction of Proto-Purus (Arawakan) Phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics 87 (1): 49-108.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of American Linguistics</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper offers a comparative reconstruction of the phonology of Proto-Purus (PP), the common a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper offers a comparative reconstruction of the phonology of Proto-Purus (PP), the common ancestor of Iñapari, Apurinã and Yine. The reconstruction presented here differs in many ways from current opinion on PP phonology: I argue that the contrast between r and l is a secondary development in Yine, that there is no need for reconstructing a vowel *I, and that most if not all instances of initial h in Yine reflect PP *h. Also, based on correspondences between syncopated vowels in Yine and mobile accents in Iñapari, I reconstruct for PP a morphological or mobile accentual system. Next, shared innovations support the classification of the sparsely documented Kuniba and Kanamirim together with Yine, but do not point to any compelling subgrouping hypothesis involving Yine, Apurinã and Iñapari. The paper ends with an appendix listing all 206 cognate sets used in the reconstruction, along with etymological notes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3ecd2bf838e0f7ecfecf5f839fd94c7c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65077496,"asset_id":43437228,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65077496/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43437228"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43437228"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43437228; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43437228]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43437228]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43437228; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43437228']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3ecd2bf838e0f7ecfecf5f839fd94c7c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43437228]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43437228,"title":"Carvalho.2021. A Comparative Reconstruction of Proto-Purus (Arawakan) Phonology. 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On the diachronic origins of the Terena (Arawakan) accentual contrast. Transactions of the Philological Society 119 (3): 315-329." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68575054/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/50690830/Carvalho_2021_On_the_diachronic_origins_of_the_Terena_Arawakan_accentual_contrast_Transactions_of_the_Philological_Society_119_3_315_329">Carvalho.2021. On the diachronic origins of the Terena (Arawakan) accentual contrast. Transactions of the Philological Society 119 (3): 315-329.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transactions of the Philological Society</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper presents internal and comparative evidence showing that the origin of the accentual co...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper presents internal and comparative evidence showing that the origin of the accentual contrast of modern Terena, an Arawakan language of southwestern Brazil, is related to a diachronic process of word-initial vowel loss. Alternations internal to the language involve a relation between vowel-initial trisyllabic allomorphs and consonantinitial disyllabic allomorphs, the latter bearing a tonal accent. Comparative evidence from Mojeño, one of Terena's closest relatives, provides crucial support for the correspondence between word-initial vowels and an initial tonal accent. A coherent account is proposed, tracing both the loss of initial syllables and the emergence of an accentual contrast to subphonemic patterns enforcing durational unevenness in iambic feet: Syllables in footinternal, non-head position were lost, while the previously allophonic lengthening of the head syllable was phonologized, yielding the tonally marked accent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f13272b91a9ff0bbaa13979c047bd04b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68575054,"asset_id":50690830,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68575054/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="50690830"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50690830"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50690830; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50690830]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50690830]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50690830; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='50690830']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f13272b91a9ff0bbaa13979c047bd04b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=50690830]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":50690830,"title":"Carvalho.2021. 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Evaluation of cognation judgments undermines computational phylogeny of the Arawakan language family. Journal of Language Relationship" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64999509/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43631277/Carvalho_2020_Evaluation_of_cognation_judgments_undermines_computational_phylogeny_of_the_Arawakan_language_family_Journal_of_Language_Relationship">Carvalho.2020. Evaluation of cognation judgments undermines computational phylogeny of the Arawakan language family. Journal of Language Relationship</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Language Relationship</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The goal of this paper is to critically examine the linguistic analyses underlying Walker & Ribei...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The goal of this paper is to critically examine the linguistic analyses underlying Walker & Ribeiro (2011), a widely cited computational phylogenetic study of the Arawakan language family. To the extent that their claims concerning the internal classification of this vast group of languages hinges on their cognation judgments, and that their more ambitious claims concerning prehistoric migration routes of Arawakan-speaking peoples depend, in turn, on this proposed internal classification, I show that outright rejection of their results is highly commendable. Errors include both false negatives, where cognation relations between comparanda were missed, as well as false positives, where non-cognate material in different languages were judged to be reflexes of single Proto-Arawakan etyma. No clear pattern seems to emerge from their cognation decisions, and the resulting judgments seem to be, in many cases, so strongly detached from even impressionistic assessments of similarity that the resulting distribution of cognation scores could have been produced independently of the data. The paper ends with a plea for greater sobriety in the historical linguistics of native South America, which should focus on clear and well-supported applications of the comparative method before embarking on endeavors that depend on this traditional work for their success. More importantly, though, South Americanists should avoid groundless statements on the supposed uselessness, or exhaustion, of the comparative method as a tool for uncovering the linguistic history of the continent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3d2d6b48099b28b0ec0e2ca960ff3f82" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64999509,"asset_id":43631277,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64999509/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43631277"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43631277"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43631277; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43631277]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43631277]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43631277; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43631277']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3d2d6b48099b28b0ec0e2ca960ff3f82" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43631277]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43631277,"title":"Carvalho.2020. Evaluation of cognation judgments undermines computational phylogeny of the Arawakan language family. 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International Journal of American Linguistics 82 (3)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47484379/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26935996/Carvalho_2016_Internal_and_Comparative_Reconstruction_in_Yawalapiti_Palatalization_and_Rule_Telescoping_International_Journal_of_American_Linguistics_82_3_">Carvalho.2016.Internal and Comparative Reconstruction in Yawalapiti: Palatalization and Rule Telescoping. International Journal of American Linguistics 82 (3)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper presents an investigation of the historical phonology of Yawalapiti, an Arawak languag...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper presents an investigation of the historical phonology of Yawalapiti, an Arawak language spoken in central Brazil. After internal reconstruction is applied to a set of alternations observed in the language, comparative evidence for the proposed reconstructions is addressed. The alternations in question can be loosely described as involving some sort of palatalization process, but the adequacy of this label is obscured by some properties that make these alternations unnatural from a phonetic point of view and highly morphologized. It is shown that these alternations can be seen as the result of developments starting with phonetically transparent, allophonic rules of palatalization of the kind seen in other southern Arawak languages. Additional hypotheses on the historical phonology of the language are also advanced and argued for using comparative evidence.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="629fab27ce9490fa050b4d42c36d4910" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47484379,"asset_id":26935996,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47484379/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26935996"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26935996"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26935996; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26935996]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26935996]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26935996; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26935996']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "629fab27ce9490fa050b4d42c36d4910" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26935996]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26935996,"title":"Carvalho.2016.Internal and Comparative Reconstruction in Yawalapiti: Palatalization and Rule Telescoping. 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For the published version (with co...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Version comments: The authors' final version is uploaded here. For the published version (with corrections) and supplementary materials, go to the journal: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2022.0049" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2022.0049</a><br /><br />Abstract: This paper identifies time calibration points for accurately rooting and dating the phylogeny of Arawakan, the largest Indigenous linguistic family of the Americas. We present and model a methodology for extracting calibration points from the archaeological record, based on principles of geographical overlap between archaeological sites and Arawakan peoples, and on continuity in material culture between archaeological finds and modern Arawakan practices. Based on a consensus model of the expansion of the Arawakan family from Central Amazonia, we focus on archaeological finds in Arawakan expansion zones, where Arawakan material culture abruptly appears in a given region, and where only a single major Arawakan subgroup/clade is present. We find 12 calibration points from archaeological sites in Arawakan expansion zones and also identify more recent calibration points from the historical record based on first mentions of ethnonyms and early sources of lexical data.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cd3f48019f4c97ccd3001cc6b161c0bb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95497369,"asset_id":92506070,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95497369/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92506070"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92506070"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92506070; 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O. de Carvalho, F. F. Gerardi. 2024. Computational Phylogeny of the Cariban Language Family.VI Encuentro Internacional de Arqueología Amazónica, San José del Guaviare, 18th September, 2024" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118299755/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123990308/Tresoldi_T_F_O_de_Carvalho_F_F_Gerardi_2024_Computational_Phylogeny_of_the_Cariban_Language_Family_VI_Encuentro_Internacional_de_Arqueolog%C3%ADa_Amaz%C3%B3nica_San_Jos%C3%A9_del_Guaviare_18th_September_2024">Tresoldi, T., F. O. de Carvalho, F. F. Gerardi. 2024. Computational Phylogeny of the Cariban Language Family.VI Encuentro Internacional de Arqueología Amazónica, San José del Guaviare, 18th September, 2024</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9e93c3ed62cdba17a74da247cb24877b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118299755,"asset_id":123990308,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118299755/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123990308"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123990308"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123990308; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123990308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123990308]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123990308; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123990308']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9e93c3ed62cdba17a74da247cb24877b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123990308]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123990308,"title":"Tresoldi, T., F. 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Computational Phylogeny of the Cariban Language Family.VI Encuentro Internacional de Arqueología Amazónica, San José del Guaviare, 18th September, 2024","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123990308/Tresoldi_T_F_O_de_Carvalho_F_F_Gerardi_2024_Computational_Phylogeny_of_the_Cariban_Language_Family_VI_Encuentro_Internacional_de_Arqueolog%C3%ADa_Amaz%C3%B3nica_San_Jos%C3%A9_del_Guaviare_18th_September_2024","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":118299755,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118299755/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Carib_colombia_1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118299755/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tresoldi_T_F_O_de_Carvalho_F_F_Gerardi_2.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/118299755/Carib_colombia_1.pdf?1726720125=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTresoldi_T_F_O_de_Carvalho_F_F_Gerardi_2.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816426\u0026Signature=YrCOxOQRq208iQdaW2ghiPjIkaGes7wxjDU3OBYMov~XztHQifcoZLfyCL9eQ2RhR7Gt7XgfqOirluc1eDTd1HZ2~Qcskwf8oDHlr~yzEMJ1YALGu8EoL8fi88g7jLhs-ux6rjkG8to2KeO8SqTvETRMNF0eWOlm7MPKXBxd0GWXtad-ub1LCT04kjwJ8lukYjJsCE92kZ1CWAsAb39KJn7~uqxRqJQKS0jBLKbWO9cFkclGu8Hcuj-CWl2IKKNoRA8nbYHcdDjC2~kkYWFSRR-~Y9pA-K9gbhxgrJxIL0KG~2FWyjzlfEwNNhKdU75XZ4sdEaUuL-Uk1uR5jQqKZw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99424794"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99424794/Ferraz_Gerardi_Carvalho_Barreto_and_Tresoldi_2023_Classifying_and_Dating_the_Cariban_Family_A_Linguistic_and_Archaeological_Attempt_T%C3%BCbingen_30_01_2023"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ferraz Gerardi, Carvalho, Barreto & Tresoldi. 2023. Classifying and Dating the Cariban Family: A Linguistic and Archaeological Attempt. Tübingen, 30.01.2023" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100518247/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99424794/Ferraz_Gerardi_Carvalho_Barreto_and_Tresoldi_2023_Classifying_and_Dating_the_Cariban_Family_A_Linguistic_and_Archaeological_Attempt_T%C3%BCbingen_30_01_2023">Ferraz Gerardi, Carvalho, Barreto & Tresoldi. 2023. Classifying and Dating the Cariban Family: A Linguistic and Archaeological Attempt. Tübingen, 30.01.2023</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho">Fernando O. de Carvalho</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/BrunoBarreto">Bruno Barreto</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4b3ca23acbd1c06b4c92ebd60c37799c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100518247,"asset_id":99424794,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100518247/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99424794"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99424794"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99424794; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99424794]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99424794]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99424794; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99424794']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4b3ca23acbd1c06b4c92ebd60c37799c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99424794]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99424794,"title":"Ferraz Gerardi, Carvalho, Barreto \u0026 Tresoldi. 2023. Classifying and Dating the Cariban Family: A Linguistic and Archaeological Attempt. Tübingen, 30.01.2023","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99424794/Ferraz_Gerardi_Carvalho_Barreto_and_Tresoldi_2023_Classifying_and_Dating_the_Cariban_Family_A_Linguistic_and_Archaeological_Attempt_T%C3%BCbingen_30_01_2023","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":100518247,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100518247/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Carib_30.01.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100518247/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Ferraz_Gerardi_Carvalho_Barreto_and_Tres.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/100518247/Carib_30.01.pdf?1680309445=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFerraz_Gerardi_Carvalho_Barreto_and_Tres.pdf\u0026Expires=1739832846\u0026Signature=fyw4Jhyk-ilaeFerY-1O9xQOCKwjJrlSndQPDAINis8ZIbI6tz3FsXoVuqz~6NtVdchVMHb1GVr7ZSh9qt24ZBhzv5Syga~4fN~wtFYvoF6oofFg7A7mIzvvgLOYgaMnQCyxyTbIhmDlm-eEAEsICf76zJOlWzI53h6GVVtkm~QctzLwnPypwFED0cyapjQA6Qb20uSShgVsXDSsHir5-lQalwt~GApGfih2rIj9Mhc4nRBxz~Db9-nbvspSrE6bTX5v2jXXe4a1usELcU2xU~hN9JLw8~~xboTLEubJkPJdGMLzznS462QRSH-987XfmXqmle6P2OnFnM79gVRHkA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="62026046"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/62026046/Carvalho_2020_Distinguishing_characteristics_of_the_Amapari_variety_of_the_Waj%C3%A3pi_language_Tup%C3%AD_Guaran%C3%AD_Presented_at_AMAZONICAS_VIII_May_31st_June_4th_2020_Goi%C3%A2nia_Brazil"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho_2020_Distinguishing characteristics of the Amapari variety of the Wajãpi language (Tupí-Guaraní). Presented at AMAZONICAS VIII, May 31st - June 4th, 2020, Goiânia, Brazil." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/74900343/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/62026046/Carvalho_2020_Distinguishing_characteristics_of_the_Amapari_variety_of_the_Waj%C3%A3pi_language_Tup%C3%AD_Guaran%C3%AD_Presented_at_AMAZONICAS_VIII_May_31st_June_4th_2020_Goi%C3%A2nia_Brazil">Carvalho_2020_Distinguishing characteristics of the Amapari variety of the Wajãpi language (Tupí-Guaraní). Presented at AMAZONICAS VIII, May 31st - June 4th, 2020, Goiânia, Brazil.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">(Link to video of the presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djiIzOeBGSk&t=1049s) . This p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">(Link to video of the presentation: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djiIzOeBGSk&t=1049s" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djiIzOeBGSk&t=1049s</a>)<br />.<br />This presentation reports on the results of ongoing fieldwork investigations on the Amapari variety of Wajãpi (henceforth AW), also called ‘Wayampipuku’ (Rodrigues 1985) and often singled out as a more conservative dialect of this language (Grenand 1980:29). The discussion will focus on the distinguishing features of this variety, both in comparison to the better-known Upper Oyapock varieties (Grenand 1989; Copin 2012) and in relation to the Tupi-Guarani family in general.<br />As to its sound structure, although Wajãpi is often uniformly presented as having been subject to accentual retraction (as in Xetá and the Bolivian Tupi-Guarani languages), AW is more conservative than other Wajãpi dialects and retains the PTG pattern of stem-final accentuation (yielding, nevertheless, word-level penultimate accentuation where the nominal suffix *-a appears frozen). Another striking finding on sound structure, never described in the past literature on the language, is the nasalized character of word-final unstressed -a AW, a phonetic pattern apparently attested only in Araweté among Tupi-Guarani languages. Lexically, the singularity of AW among Tupi-Guarani languages is revealed by a series of semantic changes, including shifts (*poti’a ‘chest’ > posi’a ‘belly’; * -epjak ‘to see’ > -esa ‘to meet someone’), generalizations (*wãißi ‘old woman’ > wãißi ‘woman’) and specializations (*akɨm ‘wet’ > ãkã ‘wet, of objects only’), and lexical replacements. Among the latter one finds innovative formations clearly based on inherited morphemes (*ɨsapɨ ‘dew’: amanarenɨ ‘lit. rain’s saliva’), others of more obscure formation (takuru ‘stone’, instead of PTG *ita) and loans from Cariban languages (parɨ ‘grandchild’, pipi ‘father’s sister’). In the morphological and morphosyntactic domains, while Jensen (1984:96) postulates for Wajãpi in general the retention of a few cases of fossilized instances of the *-ta allomorph of the ‘Gerund’ marker, WA shows the retention of other allomorphs as well, as in the subordinated form of the irregular verb ‘to say’: jaßo. Of unique occurrence in WA among Tupi-Guarani languages is the merger of the Set I and Set II cross-referencing markers for 2SG only, thus eliminating the distinction between PTG *ere- 2SG (A=Sa) and *ne- 2SG (O=So), with ne- coding any 2SG argument. Interestingly, however, the reflex -ere- of PTG *ere- appears when preceded by a prefix, either the prefixal portion of the Negative circumfix n- … -i or the Exhortative/Purpose prefix t(a)-. Finally, I end by framing the attested patterns within broader issues in the historical differentiation of Wajãpi, including the impact of contact with Cariban languages and with Nhe’engatu, and the issue of internal classification.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c80f5652cb9b7c24ea10ae77e5a14723" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":74900343,"asset_id":62026046,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74900343/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="62026046"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62026046"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62026046; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62026046]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62026046]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62026046; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='62026046']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c80f5652cb9b7c24ea10ae77e5a14723" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=62026046]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":62026046,"title":"Carvalho_2020_Distinguishing characteristics of the Amapari variety of the Wajãpi language (Tupí-Guaraní). Presented at AMAZONICAS VIII, May 31st - June 4th, 2020, Goiânia, Brazil.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62026046/Carvalho_2020_Distinguishing_characteristics_of_the_Amapari_variety_of_the_Waj%C3%A3pi_language_Tup%C3%AD_Guaran%C3%AD_Presented_at_AMAZONICAS_VIII_May_31st_June_4th_2020_Goi%C3%A2nia_Brazil","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":74900343,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/74900343/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Amapari_Wajapi_Presentation.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74900343/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Carvalho_2020_Distinguishing_characteris.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/74900343/Amapari_Wajapi_Presentation-libre.pdf?1637345427=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCarvalho_2020_Distinguishing_characteris.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816426\u0026Signature=L6q6ZoeThbCGnNZWa2~7F7LGVckXYQEOZqvi9IB9YFoV64fKB3GOVcYy9zcpgbkE7BbE26dIeiL-AmRQyoyk2D7s70fYfe41ckZibh9mIUfa3iITC8ds-ZgjexNrN8gL3~Aai7npVWHutYpyuQYOn2yZVACMD21P2~QwdAyytcc7Ud8XsEIQcNCRmrrYO-x-jwcaQtSSC0F~ZLvLHlxIJEXfOv0~MRbb1GGfTT~CQewSGfp-iXKYFOC0X-AD4U4vQY0NseBEZcdPnn8cREKMR5lEMx0KSa3qoeH~sk7Uo3Jjt-OWl5i0une8qZ35CpvYlNhSr~vC0cfO6dFFFwgSMA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="61888723"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/61888723/Carvalho_2021_On_the_relationship_between_the_Arawakan_and_Arawan_language_families_of_South_America_Nostratic_Seminar_Institute_for_Oriental_and_Classical_Studies_HSE_Moscow_June_11_2021"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho_2021_On the relationship between the Arawakan and Arawan language families of South America. Nostratic Seminar. Institute for Oriental and Classical Studies, HSE, Moscow, June 11, 2021." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/74807978/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/61888723/Carvalho_2021_On_the_relationship_between_the_Arawakan_and_Arawan_language_families_of_South_America_Nostratic_Seminar_Institute_for_Oriental_and_Classical_Studies_HSE_Moscow_June_11_2021">Carvalho_2021_On the relationship between the Arawakan and Arawan language families of South America. Nostratic Seminar. Institute for Oriental and Classical Studies, HSE, Moscow, June 11, 2021.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">(link to presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUKbChWWVKs&t=2245s) . This presentation r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">(link to presentation: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUKbChWWVKs&t=2245s" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUKbChWWVKs&t=2245s</a>)<br />.<br />This presentation reports on the preliminary results of ongoing investigations on the historical relationships between the Arawakan and Arawan language families (Ehrenreich 1897; Dixon 2004). The first goal of the project is to offer a more general and systematically construed database of potentially informative and historically significant matches involving languages from both families. An initial interesting finding is that lexical and grammatical similarities relate Arawan languages not to the local Arawakan groups of the Juruá-Purus river, but to groups further north and, more strikingly, to Arawakan languages of the Bolívia-Paraná branch. Although these similarities are likely due to contact, they suggest the operation of diffusion and convergence of a much older and more significant magnitude than usually accepted. These findings also resonate with independent claims in the ethnohistorical literature, such as the assumption that the Juruá-Purus region of western Amazon furnished a corridor for the dispersion of Arawakan-speaking peoples to the southern fringes of the Amazon basin. Finally, we also assess Arawan-Arawakan similarities within closed, basic meaning wordlists. Overall, preliminary results suggest that the role played by contact with Arawan groups in the genesis of southern Arawakan languages has been more important than so far recognized, and that there is no really strong evidence for a hypothesis of a long-range kinship relation between the two families, although adequate reconstructions of both Proto-Arawan and Proto-Arawakan are needed for a more definite stand on the matter to be taken.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="be48e4368961b4acd4e0090495c07c1b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":74807978,"asset_id":61888723,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74807978/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="61888723"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61888723"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61888723; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61888723]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61888723]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61888723; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='61888723']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "be48e4368961b4acd4e0090495c07c1b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=61888723]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":61888723,"title":"Carvalho_2021_On the relationship between the Arawakan and Arawan language families of South America. 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Oral Consonant Acoustics in Tikúna (Yuri-Tikuna)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60998959/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40713696/2011_Oral_Consonant_Acoustics_in_Tik%C3%BAna_Yuri_Tikuna_">2011. Oral Consonant Acoustics in Tikúna (Yuri-Tikuna)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences 2011</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This short paper reports the results of an experimental investigation on the acoustic parameters ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This short paper reports the results of an experimental investigation on the acoustic parameters employed in the implementation of a subset of the consonants of the Tikuna language. Special emphasis is placed on the discussion and presentation of variations that can be accounted for by reference to main stress placement in the language. It is shown how consonant duration, VOT and slope coefficients for locus equations vary as a function of the prosodic status of the target syllables.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="70eeba77b9346bfb11ccb156ccff74a4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60998959,"asset_id":40713696,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60998959/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40713696"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40713696"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40713696; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40713696]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40713696]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40713696; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40713696']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "70eeba77b9346bfb11ccb156ccff74a4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40713696]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40713696,"title":"2011. 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Post-vocalic Stop Consonants in Mebengokre (Northern Jê, Brazil): A Preliminary Investigation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60998883/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40713630/2015_Post_vocalic_Stop_Consonants_in_Mebengokre_Northern_J%C3%AA_Brazil_A_Preliminary_Investigation">2015. Post-vocalic Stop Consonants in Mebengokre (Northern Jê, Brazil): A Preliminary Investigation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS 2015)</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper presents the first acoustic phonetic investigation of Mebengokre, a Jê language spoken...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper presents the first acoustic phonetic investigation of Mebengokre, a Jê language spoken in the brazilian Amazon. Our focus lies in one conspicuous property of this language’s phonetic structure: the frequent occurrence of unreleased stops in post-vocalic position. Based on auditory impressions from the field and on theoretical considerations we expected to observe variation in vowel duration and patterns of formant transition (especially F2) as a function of the presence or absence of a following consonant. Vowels in CVC syllables were found to be significantly shorter than those in CV, while formant patterns (F2 offset transitions) are less reliable in distinguishing the two conditions, due, arguably, to the highly context-dependent nature of this parameter. Finally, a large majority of the tokens analyzed contained no stop release burst that could be identified from the inspection of waveforms.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2610991fede2604134c946e822761d9c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60998883,"asset_id":40713630,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60998883/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40713630"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40713630"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40713630; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40713630]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40713630]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40713630; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40713630']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2610991fede2604134c946e822761d9c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40713630]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40713630,"title":"2015. Post-vocalic Stop Consonants in Mebengokre (Northern Jê, Brazil): A Preliminary Investigation","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40713630/2015_Post_vocalic_Stop_Consonants_in_Mebengokre_Northern_J%C3%AA_Brazil_A_Preliminary_Investigation","owner_id":49978192,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":49978192,"first_name":"Fernando","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"O. de Carvalho","page_name":"FernandoOdeCarvalho","domain_name":"museunacional-ufrj","created_at":"2016-06-12T22:53:52.747-07:00","display_name":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","url":"https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho"},"attachments":[{"id":60998883,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60998883/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Mebengokre_ICPhS_2015_FINAL20191023-121677-jccndr.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60998883/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"2015_Post_vocalic_Stop_Consonants_in_Meb.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60998883/Mebengokre_ICPhS_2015_FINAL20191023-121677-jccndr-libre.pdf?1571874532=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D2015_Post_vocalic_Stop_Consonants_in_Meb.pdf\u0026Expires=1739816426\u0026Signature=ZdrXxPt0dlnWHHpipXIuy1FQNoFBYNUHL2cq45tv3dRXSlVlo6TejJFB3jlQzp9YcSbu4RYdoYs8zHRLN5TJ3JIpBAO1~at-k2wZ7ylcmqeMiWskacT1Ac~O~DemQu~Gwug5bBMHRLeHKU4GRRsDTKkB2KaneM7OFe-Fr1U4YkGQdMayEuH3zs4jF-7~Wywkke9YCQbd-ALJmT0uKVqCgOli9w7Fe0s1IaBOlf4YE0JN9LFWhQhyUDM2VJ8rNG6W5K5W-dy7js-SlQHAi6p3LPjLqn61YuSPwvEx0EBZkQtQ2N--7To9Q3So3VHRIFtyxISk8IN8Bi1AlnZVuqE8GA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36910379"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36910379/Prehistoria_de_las_lenguas_y_familias_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADsticas_del_Gran_Chaco_de_la_meseta_brasile%C3%B1a_y_cercan%C3%ADas_propuesta_de_base_de_datos_l%C3%A9xicos_y_resultados_preliminares"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Prehistoria de las lenguas y familias lingüísticas del Gran Chaco, de la meseta brasileña y cercanías: propuesta de base de datos léxicos y resultados preliminares" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56861206/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36910379/Prehistoria_de_las_lenguas_y_familias_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADsticas_del_Gran_Chaco_de_la_meseta_brasile%C3%B1a_y_cercan%C3%ADas_propuesta_de_base_de_datos_l%C3%A9xicos_y_resultados_preliminares">Prehistoria de las lenguas y familias lingüísticas del Gran Chaco, de la meseta brasileña y cercanías: propuesta de base de datos léxicos y resultados preliminares</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ufg.academia.edu/AndreyNikulin">Andrey Nikulin</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://museunacional-ufrj.academia.edu/FernandoOdeCarvalho">Fernando O. de Carvalho</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la Base de datos léxicos de las lenguas del este suda...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la Base de datos léxicos de las lenguas del este sudamericano (SALex), que actualmente se encuentra en proceso de construcción. Discutimos su estructura y su contenido, con un énfasis en las dificultades relacionadas con la reconstrucción semántica de los ítems de las protolenguas. Sostenemos que un estudio sistemático del léxico de las familias lingüísticas de la región puede facilitar la búsqueda de rasgos lingüísticos de contacto prehistórico, de los posibles vínculos genéticos lejanos entre esas familias y contribuir para los estudios clásicos en el área de lingüística histórica. 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Reconstruction and Internal Classification in the Arawak Language Family - Poster presented at the São Paulo School on Advanced Sciences, March 21th -April 2nd. UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47541384/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27282175/Carvalho_2016_Reconstruction_and_Internal_Classification_in_the_Arawak_Language_Family_Poster_presented_at_the_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_School_on_Advanced_Sciences_March_21th_April_2nd_UNICAMP_Campinas_Brazil">Carvalho. 2016. Reconstruction and Internal Classification in the Arawak Language Family - Poster presented at the São Paulo School on Advanced Sciences, March 21th -April 2nd. 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Reconstruction and Internal Classification in the Arawak Language Family - Poster presented at the São Paulo School on Advanced Sciences, March 21th -April 2nd. 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We discuss the evidence for the contrastive status of its segmental units, with emphasis on the more salient phonetic manifestations of these elements and with comparisons with other Wajãpi dialects, better represented in the published literature. We argue that surface [kw] is best analyzed as a single complex segment kʷ and that AW differs from other Wajãpi varieties in retaining a contrast between w and ß. We also provide evidence of the frequent realization of the glottal stop as supra-segmental glottalization, and of processes of both regressive and progressive nasalization. Particularly noteworthy is the evidence for a gradient process of regressive height harmony in vowels and of the predictable nasalization of final unaccented -a, two processes not described so far for other Wajãpi varieties.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="16966cc7db95485466fe131c8248924c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87364280,"asset_id":81256311,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87364280/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81256311"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81256311"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81256311; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="81201116"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/81201116/Carvalho_Proto_Tupi_Guarani_did_not_have_a_palatalized_velar_stop"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho_Proto-Tupi-Guarani did not have a palatalized velar stop" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87328940/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/81201116/Carvalho_Proto_Tupi_Guarani_did_not_have_a_palatalized_velar_stop">Carvalho_Proto-Tupi-Guarani did not have a palatalized velar stop</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper tackles one of the open issues in the reconstruction of Proto-Tupi-Guarani (PTG) segme...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper tackles one of the open issues in the reconstruction of Proto-Tupi-Guarani (PTG) segmental phonology: The status of the *k-*kʲ opposition. We argue that the contrast is artifactual, and that the presumed evidence in favor of PTG *kʲ can be accounted for as secondary developments of PTG *k in Kayabí, Guarayu, Kagwahiva, Tenetehára, Kamayurá, and Ka'apor. We establish auxiliary facts about the structure of PTG and about the historical phonology of TG languages, showing, in addition, that this finding eliminates the need for an unmotivated split in Pre-PTG history, a problematic feature of current reconstructions of the Proto-Tupian consonant system.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="117f6c132e6e34561352b4f4b2d0b8a3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87328940,"asset_id":81201116,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87328940/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81201116"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81201116"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81201116; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80138954"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/80138954/Carvalho_Paynes_Rule_and_the_Late_o_a_Shift_in_Moje%C3%B1o_Ignaciano_A_Response_to_Ramirez_and_Fran%C3%A7a_2019_on_the_Diachrony_of_the_Bolivia_Paran%C3%A1_Arawakan_Languages"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Carvalho_Payne's Rule and the Late *o > a Shift in Mojeño Ignaciano: A Response to Ramirez & França (2019) on the Diachrony of the Bolivia-Paraná Arawakan Languages" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86620708/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/80138954/Carvalho_Paynes_Rule_and_the_Late_o_a_Shift_in_Moje%C3%B1o_Ignaciano_A_Response_to_Ramirez_and_Fran%C3%A7a_2019_on_the_Diachrony_of_the_Bolivia_Paran%C3%A1_Arawakan_Languages">Carvalho_Payne's Rule and the Late *o > a Shift in Mojeño Ignaciano: A Response to Ramirez & França (2019) on the Diachrony of the Bolivia-Paraná Arawakan Languages</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper challenges Ramirez & França's (2019) interpretation of certain diachronic developments...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper challenges Ramirez & França's (2019) interpretation of certain diachronic developments involving vocalic phonemes in the Bolivia-Paraná Arawakan languages, which the authors present as an explicit counter-proposal to a series of proposals made in Carvalho & Rose (2018). The claim that a change *a > o took place multiple times, independently, and without any discernible conditioning factor is methodologically and empirically flawed: First, the supposed evidence from loanwords is artifactual. Second, the comparison between 18 th Guaná and modern Terena rests on an arbitrarily selective, and, ultimately, misleading, treatment of the relevant sources. Third, the claimed ancestor-descendant relationship between Old Mojeño and Trinitario is at odds with other well-established claims about the history of Mojeño dialects, besides being an unnecessary and extraneous assumption. Moreover, a lexical stratification of the Mojeño lexicon in terms of basic and less-basic strata shows that the main correspondence favored by Ramirez & França (2019) as the reflexation of Proto-Arawakan *a in Mojeño is essentially restricted to non-basic vocabulary, a finding which vindicates Carvalho & Rose's (2018) interpretation of these as reflecting dialect borrowing or diffusion. The latter interpretation is also reinforced by consideration of an Old Mojeño source which has been ignored by Ramirez & França (2019). An appendix includes a comparative vocabulary of Old Mojeño and Mojeño Trinitario.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1e522b7da5f8e175fd35e0fbcc5da304" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86620708,"asset_id":80138954,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86620708/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80138954"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80138954"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80138954; 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