CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ilse Koch - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"518a2bb9-9f5b-447a-97e4-474db79a5059","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ilse_Koch","wgTitle":"Ilse Koch","wgCurRevisionId":1258959626,"wgRevisionId":1258959626,"wgArticleId":341299,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages containing links to subscription-only content","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from April 2023","Articles with hCards","Pages using infobox criminal with known for parameter","Articles containing German-language text","Commons category link from Wikidata","1906 births","1967 suicides","1967 deaths","Human trophy collecting in World War II","People from Dresden", "People from the Kingdom of Saxony","Buchenwald concentration camp personnel","German people convicted of torture","German people convicted of murder","German prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment","Nazis who died by suicide in prison custody","Nazis who died by suicide in Germany","People convicted of murder by Germany","Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Germany","Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States military","Prisoners who died in German detention","Female guards in Nazi concentration camps","Suicides by hanging in Germany","Sachsenhausen concentration camp personnel","People convicted in the Dachau trials","People convicted in the Buchenwald trials","Suicides in West Germany"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ilse_Koch","wgRelevantArticleId":341299,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q58036","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Ilse_Koch.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1730"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Ilse_Koch.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1153"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="923"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ilse Koch - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ilse_Koch rootpage-Ilse_Koch skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ilse+Koch" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ilse+Koch" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ilse+Koch" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ilse+Koch" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_crimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>War crimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SS_investigation_and_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SS_investigation_and_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>SS investigation and trial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SS_investigation_and_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trial_before_the_US_Military_Commission_Court_at_Dachau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial_before_the_US_Military_Commission_Court_at_Dachau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Trial before the US Military Commission Court at Dachau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial_before_the_US_Military_Commission_Court_at_Dachau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sentence_reduction_and_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sentence_reduction_and_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sentence reduction and controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sentence_reduction_and_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trial_at_Augsburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial_at_Augsburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Trial at Augsburg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial_at_Augsburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suicide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suicide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Suicide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suicide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ilse Koch</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AE" title="إلسي كوخ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إلسي كوخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0lza_Kox" title="İlza Kox – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İlza Kox" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Илзе Кох – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Илзе Кох" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Kochov%C3%A1" title="Ilse Kochová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ilse Kochová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8A%CE%BB%CE%B6%CE%B5_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%87" title="Ίλζε Κοχ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ίλζε Κοχ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%AE" title="ایلزه کخ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایلزه کخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EC%A0%9C_%EC%BD%94%ED%9D%90" title="일제 코흐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일제 코흐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%AC%D5%A6%D5%A5_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%AD" title="Իլզե Կոխ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իլզե Կոխ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9A" title="אילזה קוך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אילזה קוך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AE" title="السى كوخ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="السى كوخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%9B" title="イルゼ・コッホ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イルゼ・コッホ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85,_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Кох, Ильза – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кох, Ильза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Илсе Кох – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Илсе Кох" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84" title="อิลเซอ ค็อค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิลเซอ ค็อค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Ільза Кох – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ільза Кох" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="Ilse Koch – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ilse Koch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%B5%AB" title="伊尔斯·科赫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊尔斯·科赫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58036#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ilse_Koch" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ilse_Koch" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ilse_Koch"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ilse_Koch"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ilse_Koch" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ilse_Koch" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&oldid=1258959626" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ilse_Koch&id=1258959626&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIlse_Koch"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIlse_Koch"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ilse_Koch&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ilse_Koch" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58036" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German war criminal (1906–1967)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ilse Koch</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilse_Koch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ilse_Koch.png/220px-Ilse_Koch.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ilse_Koch.png/330px-Ilse_Koch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Ilse_Koch.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Koch, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1945</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Margarete Ilse Köhler</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1906-09-22</span>)</span>22 September 1906<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, German Empire</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1 September 1967<span style="display:none">(1967-09-01)</span> (aged 60)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Aichach" title="Aichach">Aichach</a>, West Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suicide_by_hanging" title="Suicide by hanging">Suicide by hanging</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>The Bitch of Buchenwald</li><li>The Witch of Buchenwald</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Atrocities committed at <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald</a> <br />Wife of camp commandant <a href="/wiki/Karl-Otto_Koch" title="Karl-Otto Koch">Karl-Otto Koch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Deceased</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Karl-Otto_Koch" title="Karl-Otto Koch">Karl-Otto Koch</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1937; died 1945)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>U.S. Military</b><br /><a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">War crimes</a> (1947)<br /><b>West Germany</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Incitement" title="Incitement">Incitement to murder</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Incitement" title="Incitement">Incitement to attempted murder</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Incitement" title="Incitement">Incitement to infliction of grievous bodily harm</a> (5 counts)<br /><a href="/wiki/Incitement" title="Incitement">Incitement to infliction of bodily harm</a> (2 counts)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>U.S. Military</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">Life imprisonment</a>; commuted to 4 years imprisonment (1947)<br /><b>West Germany</b><br />Life imprisonment (1951)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ilse Koch</b> (22 September 1906 – 1 September 1967) was a German <a href="/wiki/War_criminal" class="mw-redirect" title="War criminal">war criminal</a> who committed atrocities while her husband <a href="/wiki/Karl-Otto_Koch" title="Karl-Otto Koch">Karl-Otto Koch</a> was <a href="/wiki/Commandant" title="Commandant">commandant</a> at <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald</a>. Though Ilse Koch had no official position in the Nazi state,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she became one of the most infamous Nazi figures at war's end and was referred to as the "Kommandeuse of Buchenwald".<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the egregiousness of her alleged actions, including that she had selected tattooed prisoners for death in order to <a href="/wiki/Lampshades_made_from_human_skin" title="Lampshades made from human skin">fashion lampshades and other items from their skins</a>, her 1947 U.S. military commission court trial at Dachau received worldwide media attention, as did the testimony of survivors who ascribed sadistic and perverse acts of violence to Koch – giving rise to the image of her as "the concentration camp murderess". </p><p>However, the most serious of these allegations were found to be without proof in two different legal processes, one conducted by an American military commission court at Dachau in 1947,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another by the West German Judiciary at Augsburg in 1950–1951.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harold Kuhn and Richard Schneider, two U.S. Army lawyers tasked with conducting the official review of her conviction at Dachau, noted that "in spite of the extravagant statements made in the newspapers, the record contains little convincing evidence against the accused... In regard to the widely publicised charges that she ordered inmates killed for their tattooed skin, the record is especially silent".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That the wild claims were dismissed as lacking evidence did little to sway public opinion. She was known as "The Witch of Buchenwald" (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die Hexe von Buchenwald</i></span>) by the inmates because of her suspected cruelty and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lascivious#English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:lascivious">lasciviousness</a> toward prisoners. She has been nicknamed "The Beast of Buchenwald",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "Queen of Buchenwald",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "Red Witch of Buchenwald",<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Butcher Widow",<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "The Bitch of Buchenwald".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She died by suicide at <a href="/wiki/Aichach" title="Aichach">Aichach</a> women's prison<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 1 September 1967 at age 60.<sup id="cite_ref-Hackett43_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hackett43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Koch was born Margarete Ilse Köhler in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, Germany, in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the daughter of a former military commander. She was known as a polite and happy child in her elementary school. At the age of 15, she entered an <a href="/wiki/Accountancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Accountancy">accountancy</a> school. Later, she entered employment as a bookkeeping clerk. At the time the economy of Germany had not yet recovered from defeat in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. In 1932, she became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through her social engagement with members of the local <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> detachment in Dresden, she met her future husband, Karl-Otto Koch, in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buchenwald_Human_Remains_74066.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Buchenwald_Human_Remains_74066.jpg/220px-Buchenwald_Human_Remains_74066.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Buchenwald_Human_Remains_74066.jpg/330px-Buchenwald_Human_Remains_74066.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Buchenwald_Human_Remains_74066.jpg/440px-Buchenwald_Human_Remains_74066.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Buchenwald 16 April 1945. Collection of prisoners' internal organs and two human heads (upper left) and also examples of tattooed skins (foreground).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buchenwald-J-Rouard-24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Buchenwald-J-Rouard-24.jpg/220px-Buchenwald-J-Rouard-24.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Buchenwald-J-Rouard-24.jpg/330px-Buchenwald-J-Rouard-24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Buchenwald-J-Rouard-24.jpg/440px-Buchenwald-J-Rouard-24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2216" data-file-height="1469" /></a><figcaption>Buchenwald 16 April 1945. Collection of prisoners' internal organs. Photo taken by Jules Rouard, <a href="/wiki/Military_volunteer" title="Military volunteer">military volunteer</a> incorporated to the <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(United_States)" title="First Army (United States)">1st American Army</a>, 16ème Bataillon de Fusiliers.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1936, she followed Koch to <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp" title="Sachsenhausen concentration camp">Sachsenhausen concentration camp</a> near Berlin, where he had been posted as Commandant. They requested permission to marry from the SS Office of Racial and Settlement Affairs, which investigated their "fitness for marriage". This was determined according to racial criteria and Ilse provided evidence of her Aryan ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple married the following year at Sachsenhausen concentration camp.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1937, Karl gave up his post at Sachsenhausen in order to establish and take command of Buchenwald.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karl and Ilse had two daughters and one son,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who were all born on the Buchenwald concentration camp grounds from October 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family lived in the camp commandant's three-story villa at Buchenwald and were regularly visited by SS officers <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Eicke" title="Theodor Eicke">Theodor Eicke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Gl%C3%BCcks" title="Richard Glücks">Richard Glücks</a>, and on one occasion by the SS leader <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_crimes">War crimes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: War crimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the war, she was accused of having selected tattooed prisoners to be killed, in order to have decorative objects such as lampshades and book bindings made from their skins. For example, two inmates, Josef Ackermann and Gustav Wegerer, testified in 1950 that they had witnessed (circa August 1941) a lampshade being prepared from human skin to be presented to Ilse Koch.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This crime, however, has been said to be apocryphal.<sup id="cite_ref-Jardim_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jardim-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While various objects fashioned from human skins were discovered in Buchenwald's pathology department at liberation, their connection to Koch was tenuous, given that she had not been at the camp since the summer of 1943. The more likely culprit was <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> doctor <a href="/wiki/Erich_Wagner" title="Erich Wagner">Erich Wagner</a>, who wrote a dissertation while serving at Buchenwald on the purported link he saw between habitual criminality and the practice of tattooing one's skin.<sup id="cite_ref-Jardim_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jardim-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, authoritative testimony from numerous witnesses at Koch's postwar trials firmly established that she had made extensive use of slave labor at the camp, had assaulted inmates on several occasions, and had reported inmates to the camp <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> for beatings — beatings that resulted in death on at least one occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1940, Koch also commissioned the construction of an indoor riding arena, which cost over 250,000 <a href="/wiki/Reichsmarks" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsmarks">reichsmarks</a> ($100,000 US as per 1940 exchange rates). Prisoners were reported to have died laboring to complete its construction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SS_investigation_and_trial">SS investigation and trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: SS investigation and trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1941, <a href="/wiki/Josias_von_Waldeck-Pyrmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Josias von Waldeck-Pyrmont">Josias von Waldeck-Pyrmont</a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_and_Police_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="SS and Police Leader">SS and Police Leader</a> for <a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a>, began an internal investigation into Karl-Otto Koch's governance of Buchenwald, as rumors of corruption and embezzlement reached his office. After discovering significant evidence of graft, Waldeck had Karl arrested on 18 December 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Karl's friend, <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> heard of Karl's arrest, however, he ordered him released. Karl was nonetheless relieved of his duties at Buchenwald, and sent instead to command <a href="/wiki/Majdanek_concentration_camp" title="Majdanek concentration camp">Majdanek concentration and extermination camp</a>. Ilse Koch continued to live in the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> settlement at Buchenwald in Karl's absence. However, on 24 August 1943, both Karl and Ilse were arrested following a renewed investigation led by <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> judge <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Morgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Konrad Morgen">Konrad Morgen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morgen's indictment, issued 17 August 1944, formally charged Karl Koch with the "embezzlement and concealing of funds and goods in an amount of at least 200,000 RM," and the "premeditated murder" of three inmates - ostensibly to prevent them from giving evidence to the SS investigatory commission. Ilse was charged with the "habitual receiving of stolen goods, and taking for her benefit at least 25,000 RM..."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Ilse Koch was acquitted at the subsequent SS trial in December 1944, Karl was found guilty, sentenced to death, and ultimately executed at Buchenwald only days prior to its liberation. Following the trial, Ilse Koch was released after sixteen months in the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> prison in <a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a>, and moved with her two children into a small flat in <a href="/wiki/Ludwigsburg" title="Ludwigsburg">Ludwigsburg</a>. She was arrested by American occupation authorities in <a href="/wiki/Ludwigsburg" title="Ludwigsburg">Ludwigsburg</a> on 30 June 1945, after being recognized on the street by a former inmate of Buchenwald.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial_before_the_US_Military_Commission_Court_at_Dachau">Trial before the US Military Commission Court at Dachau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Trial before the US Military Commission Court at Dachau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DachauerProzess.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/DachauerProzess.JPG/220px-DachauerProzess.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/DachauerProzess.JPG/330px-DachauerProzess.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/DachauerProzess.JPG/440px-DachauerProzess.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>Ilse Koch at the U.S. Military Tribunal in <a href="/wiki/Dachau,_Bavaria" title="Dachau, Bavaria">Dachau</a>, 1947.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following her arrest by American occupation authorities, Koch was chosen to <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_trial" title="Buchenwald trial">stand trial</a> alongside 30 other defendants accused of having committed war crimes at Buchenwald. The defendants would be tried by an <a href="/wiki/Dachau_trials" title="Dachau trials">American military court at Dachau</a> in 1947 and be prosecuted by Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/William_Denson" title="William Denson">William Denson</a> for the single charge of "participating in a common design to commit war crimes."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to this expansive charge, the prosecution was not required to show that Koch or any of her codefendants had committed any specific act of violence or atrocity, but only that they had in some fashion aided and abetted the functioning of the murderous criminal enterprise that was Buchenwald.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denson described her during the trial as “no woman in the usual sense but a creature from some other tortured world.”<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like each of her codefendants at the Buchenwald trial, Ilse Koch was ultimately found guilty by the court on 14 August 1947; she was sentenced to life imprisonment.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was seven months pregnant with her fourth child at the time of her sentence, by an unknown father.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sentence_reduction_and_controversy">Sentence reduction and controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sentence reduction and controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Koch's conviction at Dachau, her sentence was subjected to various levels of mandatory judicial review, before going to Gen. <a href="/wiki/Lucius_D._Clay" title="Lucius D. Clay">Lucius D. Clay</a>, the interim military governor of the <a href="/wiki/American_occupation_zone_in_Germany" title="American occupation zone in Germany">American Zone</a> in Germany, for final approval. First to review Koch's case were two lawyers in the office of the Deputy Judge Advocate for War Crimes, Harold Kuhn and Richard Schneider. They concluded that "in spite of the extravagant statements made in the newspapers, the record contains little convincing evidence against the accused... In regard to the widely publicized charges that she ordered inmates killed for their tattooed skin, the record is especially silent." They found key testimony given against Koch to be "based on presumption and of doubtful veracity." Though Koch was shown to have beaten a few inmates, "no deaths or serious injuries are shown to have resulted."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The War Crimes Review Board, a separate advisory body made up of military and civilian lawyers, conducted its own review, and similarly concluded that there was no reliable evidence that she had prisoners killed, "nor is there any evidence in this record of any kind that she at any time ever ordered any article made of human skin."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon receiving the reports of the War Crimes Review Board and his legal staff, and after reviewing the trial record himself, Judge Advocate Col. J.L. Harbaugh noted, "I can't see anything on which we honestly can hold the accused. There is no question but that she was <a href="/wiki/Trial_by_media" title="Trial by media">tried in the newspapers</a>, and suffered both before and during her trial from her unique position as the only woman at the camp." Harbaugh labelled her sentence "excessive" and recommended that General Clay reduce her sentence to four years.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heeding the recommendations of the U.S. Army's judicial branch, Clay reduced the sentence on 8 June 1948, on the grounds that "there was no convincing evidence that she had selected inmates for extermination in order to secure tattooed skins, or that she possessed any articles made of human skin".<sup id="cite_ref-Time_1950-12-25_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_1950-12-25-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Clay also suggested that Koch could be tried under West German law: "I hold no sympathy for Ilse Koch. She was a woman of depraved character and ill repute. She had done many things reprehensible and punishable, undoubtedly, under German law. We were not trying her for those things. We were trying her as a war criminal on specific charges."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reduction of Koch's sentence to four years resulted in an uproar, when it was made public on 16 September 1948, but Clay stood firm by his decision.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Years later, Clay stated: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There was absolutely no evidence in the trial transcript, other than she was a rather loathsome creature, that would support the death sentence. I suppose I received more abuse for that than for anything else I did in Germany. Some reporter had called her the "Bitch of Buchenwald", had written that she had lamp shades made of human skin in her house. And that was introduced in court, where it was absolutely proven that the lampshades were made out of <a href="/wiki/Goatskin_(material)" title="Goatskin (material)">goat skin</a>. In addition to that, her crimes were primarily against the German people; they were not war crimes against American or Allied prisoners [...] Later she was tried by a German court for her crimes and sentenced to life imprisonment. But they had clear jurisdiction. We did not.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>News of Koch's sentence reduction created major controversy in the United States. Editorial pages in major newspapers asked whether the US Army had lost its capacity for sound judgment, while continuing to assert that Koch was a sexual deviant who had killed prisoners for their skins. The <i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a></i> demanded to know "in the name of basic human justice and decency, what 'further' does the army need to slap Ilse into jail and keep her there?"<sup id="cite_ref-Jardim_2023_157_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jardim_2023_157-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i> labeled the reduction of Koch's sentence "Clay's counter-atrocity," and described it as "almost beyond credence."<sup id="cite_ref-Jardim_2023_157_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jardim_2023_157-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ed Sullivan, writing for the <i>New York News</i>, pondered whether "the Army reduced [Koch's] sentence... so she could get back into the lampshade business."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such protests in the press found their parallel on the streets of American cities. Rallies were organized by both veterans associations and the <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Congress" title="American Jewish Congress">American Jewish Congress</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while General Clay, who visited the United States in the midst of the controversy, was picketed by protesters, some of whom carried lampshades and demanded his removal from European command.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With pressure mounting from both the public and the press, a group of U.S. Senators resolved to investigate the circumstances of Koch's sentence reduction. The Senate investigation, led by <a href="/wiki/Homer_S._Ferguson" title="Homer S. Ferguson">Homer S. Ferguson</a>, culminated in hearings at which major participants at Koch's Dachau trial were called to testify. Dachau trial chief prosecutor <a href="/wiki/William_Denson" title="William Denson">William Denson</a> was particularly insistent that Koch's sentence reduction was unjust and that the witness testimony he drew upon was sufficient to secure her conviction and life sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, the Senate investigation resulted in a recommendation that Koch be tried again – not by the U.S. Army, but by the newly independent West German judiciary. According to the committee's final report, in "being a woman," and in acting independently, Koch's perpetration of violence had been "more unnatural and more deliberate."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was, the report concluded, "highly important that Ilse Koch receive the just punishment she so justly deserves without further doing violence to long-established safe-guards of democratic justice..."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial_at_Augsburg">Trial at Augsburg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Trial at Augsburg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the urging of the U.S. government, the West German judiciary put Koch on trial for crimes against German nationals, something over which the <a href="/wiki/Dachau_trials" title="Dachau trials">American military court at Dachau</a> had not had jurisdiction. The U.S. government further instructed the military to give full assistance to West German investigators.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Koch was immediately re-arrested following her release from <a href="/wiki/Landsberg_prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Landsberg prison">Landsberg prison</a> in 1949. Bavarian chief prosecutor Johann Ilkow indicted Koch for twenty-five misdemeanor counts of grievous bodily harm, incitement to grievous bodily harm in a number of cases "no longer determinable," sixty-five counts of incitement to attempted murder, and twenty-five counts of incitement to murder.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hearing opened on 27 November 1950 before the District Court at Augsburg and lasted seven weeks, during which 250 witnesses were heard, including 50 for the defense. Koch herself said during the trial that “I never saw anything at Buchenwald which might have been against humanity… I was too busy raising my two children.”<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mental health began to suffer considerably during the trial, leading to her collapse in court in late December 1950,<sup id="cite_ref-Time_1950-12-25_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_1950-12-25-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and again in January 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least four witnesses for the prosecution testified that they had seen Koch choose tattooed prisoners, who were then killed, or had seen or been involved in the process of making <a href="/wiki/Lampshades_made_from_human_skin" title="Lampshades made from human skin">human-skin lampshades</a> from tattooed skin.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_1950-12-25_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_1950-12-25-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this charge was dropped by the prosecution when they could not prove lampshades or any other items were actually made from human skin.<sup id="cite_ref-google2_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 January 1951, the court pronounced its verdict, in a 111-page-long decision, for which Koch was not present in court.<sup id="cite_ref-google2_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was concluded that the previous trials in 1944 and 1947 were not a bar to proceedings under the principle of <i><a href="/wiki/Ne_bis_in_idem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ne bis in idem">ne bis in idem</a></i>, as at the 1944 trial Koch had only been charged with receiving stolen goods, while in 1947 she had been accused of crimes against foreigners after 1 September 1939, and not with crimes against German nationals. She was ultimately convicted of seven misdemeanor counts of incitement to grievous bodily harm, one count of incitement to attempted murder, and one count of incitement to murder.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 January 1951, she was sentenced to life imprisonment and the permanent forfeiture of her civil rights.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its written judgment, the Augsburg court labeled Koch's crimes at Buchenwald particularly egregious because she "consciously suppressed any feeling of compassion and pity she had as a woman...," but instead gave "free rein to her pursuit of power and prestige, her arrogance and her selfishness."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court note in particular Koch's "stubborn and irresponsible denial" and incapacity for even the "slightest admission of guilt."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Koch appealed to have the judgment quashed, but the appeal was dismissed on 22 April 1952 by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Justice_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Court of Justice of Germany">Federal Court of Justice</a>. She later made several petitions for a pardon, all of which were rejected by the Bavarian Ministry of Justice. Koch protested her life sentence, to no avail, to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights">International Human Rights Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trial_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trial-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ilse and Karl Koch had a son named Artwin (b. 1938), and two daughters, Gisela (b. 1939) and Gudrun (b. 1940). Gudrun died of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> at four months of age in February 1941; Artwin committed suicide in 1964; Gisela died in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Ilse Koch conceived another child with a fellow German war crimes internee under murky circumstances while awaiting her trial at Dachau. Koch gave birth to a son she named Uwe Köhler while incarcerated at <a href="/wiki/Landsberg_prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Landsberg prison">Landsberg prison</a> in October 1947. The child was immediately handed over to Bavarian child welfare authorities. Uwe only discovered the identity of his mother as a teenager, and began to correspond with, and visit, his mother in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suicide">Suicide</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Suicide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Koch <a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">hanged</a> herself with a bed sheet<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Aichach" title="Aichach">Aichach</a> women's prison on 1 September 1967 at age 60.<sup id="cite_ref-Hackett43_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hackett43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She experienced delusions and had become convinced that concentration camp survivors would abuse her in her cell.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her suicide note was written to her son Uwe: "There is no other way. Death for me is a release."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, Uwe sought posthumous rehabilitation for his mother. Via the press, he used clemency documents from her former lawyer in 1957 and his impression of her based on their relationship in an attempt to change people's attitude towards Koch.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a> wrote "Ilsa Koch", a song about her abuses in Buchenwald, her imprisonment and release; it was recorded by <a href="/wiki/The_Klezmatics" title="The Klezmatics">The Klezmatics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Koch was the inspiration for a series of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation#The_Ilsa_influence" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation films</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ilsa,_She_Wolf_of_the_SS" title="Ilsa, She Wolf of the SS">Ilsa, She Wolf of the SS</a></i> (1975).</li> <li>Power electronics act Whitehouse make reference to her on their album Buchenwald.</li> <li>Some scholars have contended that Koch was the inspiration for the character portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Kate_Winslet" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet</a> in the 2008 feature film <a href="/wiki/The_Reader_(2008_film)" title="The Reader (2008 film)"><i>The Reader</i></a>, although <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Schlink" title="Bernhard Schlink">Bernhard Schlink</a>, the author of <a href="/wiki/The_Reader_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Reader (novel)">the novel from which the film was adapted</a>, declined to confirm this suggestion.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_guards_in_Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Female guards in Nazi concentration camps">Female guards in Nazi concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irma_Grese" title="Irma Grese">Irma Grese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aribert_Heim" title="Aribert Heim">Aribert Heim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Lamason" title="Phil Lamason">Phil Lamason</a>, the senior officer in charge of 168 allied airmen taken to Buchenwald</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mandl" title="Maria Mandl">Maria Mandl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_died_by_hanging#Suicide_by_hanging" title="List of people who died by hanging">List of people who committed suicide by hanging</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrzyrembel2001" class="citation web cs1">Przyrembel, A. (1 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/gcd:4980432?sid=ebsco:plink:scholar&id=ebsco:gcd:4980432&crl=c">"Transfixed by an Image: Ilse Koch, the 'Kommandeuse of Buchenwald'. | German History | EBSCOhost"</a>. <i>openurl.ebsco.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openurl.ebsco.com&rft.atitle=Transfixed+by+an+Image%3A+Ilse+Koch%2C+the+%E2%80%98Kommandeuse+of+Buchenwald%E2%80%99.+%7C+German+History+%7C+EBSCOhost&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.aulast=Przyrembel&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenurl.ebsco.com%2Fcontentitem%2Fgcd%3A4980432%3Fsid%3Debsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar%26id%3Debsco%3Agcd%3A4980432%26crl%3Dc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimic2023" class="citation web cs1">Simic, Olivera (5 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/no-woman-in-the-usual-sense-ilse-koch-the-bitch-of-buchenwald-was-a-holocaust-war-criminal-but-was-she-also-an-easy-target-203960">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'No woman in the usual sense': Ilse Koch, the 'Bitch of Buchenwald', was a Holocaust war criminal – but was she also an easy target?"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=%E2%80%98No+woman+in+the+usual+sense%E2%80%99%3A+Ilse+Koch%2C+the+%E2%80%98Bitch+of+Buchenwald%E2%80%99%2C+was+a+Holocaust+war+criminal+%E2%80%93+but+was+she+also+an+easy+target%3F&rft.date=2023-09-05&rft.aulast=Simic&rft.aufirst=Olivera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fno-woman-in-the-usual-sense-ilse-koch-the-bitch-of-buchenwald-was-a-holocaust-war-criminal-but-was-she-also-an-easy-target-203960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlban2005" class="citation news cs1">Alban, Dan (10 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hlrecord.org/?p=12516">"Books Bound in Human Skin; Lampshade Myth?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Record" title="Harvard Law Record">Harvard Law Record</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Law+Record&rft.atitle=Books+Bound+in+Human+Skin%3B+Lampshade+Myth%3F&rft.date=2005-11-10&rft.aulast=Alban&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhlrecord.org%2F%3Fp%3D12516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyle1947" class="citation news cs1">Boyle, Hal (14 August 1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5R4aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CSUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2639%2C5958280">"Cruel 'Queen of Buchenwald' given a permanent address"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Milwaukee_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Milwaukee Journal">The Milwaukee Journal</a></i>. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Milwaukee+Journal&rft.atitle=Cruel+%27Queen+of+Buchenwald%27+given+a+permanent+address&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1947-08-14&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=Hal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D5R4aAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DCSUEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2639%252C5958280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xgNQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hFUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2323%2C5343119">"Buchenwald Queen must face German court on release"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Evening_Independent" class="mw-redirect" title="The Evening Independent">The Evening Independent</a></i>. 4 July 1949. p. 15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Independent&rft.atitle=Buchenwald+Queen+must+face+German+court+on+release&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1949-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DxgNQAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DhFUDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2323%252C5343119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106210356/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/421613931.html?dids=421613931:421613931&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+28,+1950&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Ilse+Koch,+Red+Witch+of+Buchenwald,+on+Trial&pqatl=google">"Ilse Koch, Red Witch of Buchenwald, on Trial"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. 28 November 1950. p. 5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/421613931.html?dids=421613931:421613931&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+28%2C+1950&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Ilse+Koch%2C+Red+Witch+of+Buchenwald%2C+on+Trial&pqatl=google">the original</a> on 6 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ilse+Koch%2C+Red+Witch+of+Buchenwald%2C+on+Trial&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1950-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Flatimes%2Faccess%2F421613931.html%3Fdids%3D421613931%3A421613931%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI%26type%3Dhistoric%26date%3DNov%2B28%252C%2B1950%26author%3D%26pub%3DLos%2BAngeles%2BTimes%26desc%3DIlse%2BKoch%252C%2BRed%2BWitch%2Bof%2BBuchenwald%252C%2Bon%2BTrial%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OkUpAAAAIBAJ&sjid=I2cFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4894%2C1088893">"Life sentence for 'Red Witch' of Buchenwald"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lewiston_Evening_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewiston Evening Journal">Lewiston Evening Journal</a></i>. 15 January 1951. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lewiston+Evening+Journal&rft.atitle=Life+sentence+for+%27Red+Witch%27+of+Buchenwald&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1951-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DOkUpAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DI2cFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4894%252C1088893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KMALAAAAIBAJ&sjid=k1UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1384%2C987043">"Army seeks new charges against butcher widow"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Evening_Independent" class="mw-redirect" title="The Evening Independent">The Evening Independent</a></i>. 29 September 1948. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Independent&rft.atitle=Army+seeks+new+charges+against+butcher+widow&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1948-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DKMALAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3Dk1UDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1384%252C987043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirer1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Shirer" title="William L. Shirer">Shirer, William L.</a> (1990) [1959]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Third_Reich" title="The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich">The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich</a></i> (3rd ed.). New York City: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. pp. 983–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-72868-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-72868-7"><bdi>0-671-72868-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=983-4&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-671-72868-7&rft.aulast=Shirer&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman Polmar, Thomas B. Allen: World War II: the Encyclopedia of the War Years, 1941–1945, Publisher Courier Corporation, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486479620" title="Special:BookSources/9780486479620">9780486479620</a> p. 476</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hackett43-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hackett43_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hackett43_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackett1997" class="citation book cs1">Hackett, David A (22 August 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AkzuR3Q39i4C&pg=PP1"><i>The Buchenwald Report</i></a> [<i>Bericht über das Konzentrationslager Buchenwald bei Weimar</i>]. Basic Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AkzuR3Q39i4C&pg=PA43">43, n. 19</a>, 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813333632" title="Special:BookSources/9780813333632"><bdi>9780813333632</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Buchenwald+Report&rft.pages=43%2C+n.+19%2C+3&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1997-08-22&rft.isbn=9780813333632&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=David+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAkzuR3Q39i4C%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holocaustchronicle.org/StaticPages/117.html">"The Holocaust Chronicle"</a>. <i>1937: Quiet Before the Storm</i>. Holocaustchronicle.org. p. 117<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1937%3A+Quiet+Before+the+Storm&rft.atitle=The+Holocaust+Chronicle&rft.pages=117&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.holocaustchronicle.org%2FStaticPages%2F117.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129121359/http://www.buchenwald.de/en/1132/">"Lampenschirme aus Menschenhaut?"</a>. <i>Buchenwald Memorial</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buchenwald.de/en/1132">the original</a> on 29 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buchenwald+Memorial&rft.atitle=Lampenschirme+aus+Menschenhaut%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buchenwald.de%2Fen%2F1132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jardim-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jardim_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jardim_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 64–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=64-65&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 100–101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=100-101&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time_1950-12-25-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Time_1950-12-25_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_1950-12-25_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_1950-12-25_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110131092315/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,859084,00.html#ixzz1JwxlL7xG">"GERMANY: Very Special Present"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 25 December 1950. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,859084,00.html#ixzz1JwxlL7xG">the original</a> on 31 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=GERMANY%3A+Very+Special+Present&rft.date=1950-12-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C859084%2C00.html%23ixzz1JwxlL7xG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2016" class="citation web cs1">Norman, Abby (12 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://allthatsinteresting.com/ilse-koch">"The Concentration Camp Guard Who Made Lampshades From The Skin Of Her Prisoners"</a>. <i>All That's Interesting</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+That%27s+Interesting&rft.atitle=The+Concentration+Camp+Guard+Who+Made+Lampshades+From+The+Skin+Of+Her+Prisoners&rft.date=2016-04-12&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Abby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fallthatsinteresting.com%2Filse-koch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Edward_Smith" title="Jean Edward Smith">Jean Edward Smith</a>, <i>Lucius D. Clay: An American Life.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jardim_2023_157-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jardim_2023_157_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jardim_2023_157_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 164–166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=164-166&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobson2010" class="citation book cs1">Jacobson, Mark (14 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ay4YLEhc_rUC&dq=senate+recommended+ilse+koch+west+german&pg=PA51"><i>The Lampshade: A Holocaust Detective Story from Buchenwald to New Orleans</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-6630-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-6630-4"><bdi>978-1-4165-6630-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lampshade%3A+A+Holocaust+Detective+Story+from+Buchenwald+to+New+Orleans&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2010-09-14&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-6630-4&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Day4YLEhc_rUC%26dq%3Dsenate%2Brecommended%2Bilse%2Bkoch%2Bwest%2Bgerman%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/image/371878247/?match=1&terms=isle%20koch">"Ilse Koch Clings To Mother Role In Murder Trial: 'Too Busy With Children' To See Camp Horrors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Daily_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Daily Tribune">Chicago Daily Tribune</a></i>. 28 November 1950. p. 15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2024</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Daily+Tribune&rft.atitle=Ilse+Koch+Clings+To+Mother+Role+In+Murder+Trial%3A+%27Too+Busy+With+Children%27+To+See+Camp+Horrors.&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1950-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchicagotribune.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F371878247%2F%3Fmatch%3D1%26terms%3Disle%2520koch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3DBWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xuUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5602%2C3401594">"Woman decides against suicide Life demanded for Ilse Koch"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review" title="The Spokesman-Review">The Spokesman-Review</a></i>. 12 January 1951. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=Woman+decides+against+suicide+Life+demanded+for+Ilse+Koch&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1951-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D3DBWAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DxuUDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5602%252C3401594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google2-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-google2_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-google2_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0IElAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3fQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4254%2C5369899">"Ilse Koch is given life term"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Gettysburg Times">Gettysburg Times</a></i>. 15 January 1951. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gettysburg+Times&rft.atitle=Ilse+Koch+is+given+life+term&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1951-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D0IElAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3D3fQFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4254%252C5369899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Smith, Arthur Lee (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Slkfbe9ZEHEC&pg=PP1"><i>Die Hexe von Buchenwald: der Fall Ilse Koch</i></a> (in German). Böhlau Verlag. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Slkfbe9ZEHEC&pg=PA146">146</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-412-10693-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-412-10693-5"><bdi>978-3-412-10693-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Hexe+von+Buchenwald%3A+der+Fall+Ilse+Koch&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=B%C3%B6hlau+Verlag&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-3-412-10693-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSlkfbe9ZEHEC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trial-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trial_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200911062403/http://www.scrapbookpages.com/DachauScrapbook/DachauTrials/IlseKoch.html">"Ilse Koch on trial at Dachau for making human lamp shades at Buchenwald"</a>. <i>www.scrapbookpages.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scrapbookpages.com/DachauScrapbook/DachauTrials/IlseKoch.html">the original</a> on 11 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scrapbookpages.com&rft.atitle=Ilse+Koch+on+trial+at+Dachau+for+making+human+lamp+shades+at+Buchenwald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scrapbookpages.com%2FDachauScrapbook%2FDachauTrials%2FIlseKoch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 29–33, 274. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=29-33%2C+274&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 149–150, 277–279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=149-150%2C+277-279&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nikolas Wachsmann, 'KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps' (New York: F, S & G, 2015), p. 618, citing a Feb. 1967 note in her prison file.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674249189"><i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674249189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/07/archives/ilse-kochs-posthumous-rehabilitation-sought-by-son.html">"Ilse Koch's Posthumous Rehabilitation Sought by Son"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 7 May 1971. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ilse+Koch%27s+Posthumous+Rehabilitation+Sought+by+Son&rft.date=1971-05-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1971%2F05%2F07%2Farchives%2Filse-kochs-posthumous-rehabilitation-sought-by-son.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/release/3709987-The-Klezmatics-Wonder-Wheel-Lyrics-By-Woody-Guthrie">Contents of album of Woody Guthrie songs at discogs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryan M Niemiec, Danny Wedding: Positive Psychology at the Movies: Using Films to Build Virtues and Character Strengths, Publisher Hogrefe Publishing, 2013 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781616764432" title="Special:BookSources/9781616764432">9781616764432</a>, p. 209</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyalLuck2009" class="citation web cs1">Syal, Rajeev; Luck, Adam (17 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/jan/18/winslet-reader">"Nazi behind Winslet film role is revealed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nazi+behind+Winslet+film+role+is+revealed&rft.date=2009-01-17&rft.aulast=Syal&rft.aufirst=Rajeev&rft.au=Luck%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2009%2Fjan%2F18%2Fwinslet-reader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardim2023" class="citation book cs1">Jardim, Tomaz (2023). <i>Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'<span></span></i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674249189" title="Special:BookSources/9780674249189"><bdi>9780674249189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+on+Trial%3A+Making+the+%27Bitch+of+Buchenwald%27&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780674249189&rft.aulast=Jardim&rft.aufirst=Tomaz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassimiliano2008" class="citation book cs1">Massimiliano, Livi (2008). "Ilse Koch". In Pugliese, Elizabeth; Hufford, Larry (eds.). <i>War Crimes and Trials: A Historical Encyclopedia, from 1850 to the Present</i>. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576078907" title="Special:BookSources/9781576078907"><bdi>9781576078907</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ilse+Koch&rft.btitle=War+Crimes+and+Trials%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%2C+from+1850+to+the+Present&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781576078907&rft.aulast=Massimiliano&rft.aufirst=Livi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutman1995" class="citation book cs1">Gutman, Israel, ed. (1995). <i>Encyclopedia of the Holocaust</i>. Macmillan. pp. 809–810. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780028645285" title="Special:BookSources/9780028645285"><bdi>9780028645285</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Holocaust&rft.pages=809-810&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780028645285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacqueurBaumel2001" class="citation book cs1">Lacqueur, Walter; Baumel, Judith Tydor, eds. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nPbr0XzlTzcC&pg=PP1"><i>The Holocaust Encyclopedia</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nPbr0XzlTzcC&pg=PA97">97</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300084320" title="Special:BookSources/9780300084320"><bdi>9780300084320</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holocaust+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780300084320&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnPbr0XzlTzcC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirer1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Shirer" title="William L. Shirer">Shirer, William L.</a> (1990) [1959]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sY8svb-MNUwC&pg=PP1"><i>The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sY8svb-MNUwC&pg=PA983">983–984</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780671728687" title="Special:BookSources/9780671728687"><bdi>9780671728687</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.pages=983-984&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780671728687&rft.aulast=Shirer&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsY8svb-MNUwC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ilse_Koch" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ilse Koch">Ilse Koch</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2004" class="citation web cs1">Adams, Cecil (4 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straightdope.com/columns/040604.html">"Did the Nazis make lampshades out of human skin?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straight_Dope" title="The Straight Dope">The Straight Dope</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+the+Nazis+make+lampshades+out+of+human+skin%3F&rft.pub=The+Straight+Dope&rft.date=2004-06-04&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straightdope.com%2Fcolumns%2F040604.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wn.com/documentary_%7C_the_most_evil_women_in_history_ilse_koch_discovery_channel"><i>Ilse Koch (1906–1967)</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Dailymotion" title="Dailymotion">dailymotion</a>). The Most Evil Women in History. <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ilse+Koch+%281906%E2%80%931967%29&rft.series=The+Most+Evil+Women+in+History&rft.pub=Discovery+Channel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwn.com%2Fdocumentary_%257C_the_most_evil_women_in_history_ilse_koch_discovery_channel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlse+Koch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/009932">Newspaper clippings about Ilse Koch</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Holocaust_in_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Holocaust_Germany" title="Template:Holocaust Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holocaust_Germany" title="Template talk:Holocaust Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Holocaust_in_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Germany" title="The Holocaust in Germany">The Holocaust in Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Part of</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Austria" title="The Holocaust in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_East_Upper_Silesia" title="The Holocaust in East Upper Silesia">East Upper Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Luxembourg" title="The Holocaust in Luxembourg"> Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Sudetenland" title="The Holocaust in the Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preceding events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_boycott_of_Jewish_businesses" title="Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses">Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Jewish_legislation_in_pre-war_Nazi_Germany" title="Anti-Jewish legislation in pre-war Nazi Germany">Anti-Jewish legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryanization" title="Aryanization">Aryanization</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Judenverm%C3%B6gensabgabe" title="Judenvermögensabgabe">Judenvermögensabgabe</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht_in_Leipzig" title="Kristallnacht in Leipzig">in Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_arrests_after_Kristallnacht" title="Mass arrests after Kristallnacht">Mass arrests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emigration_of_Jews_from_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emigration of Jews from Nazi Germany (page does not exist)">Emigration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fabrikaktion" title="Fabrikaktion">Fabrikaktion</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp" title="Bergen-Belsen concentration camp">Bergen-Belsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachau_concentration_camp" title="Dachau concentration camp">Dachau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossenb%C3%BCrg_concentration_camp" title="Flossenbürg concentration camp">Flossenbürg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinzert_concentration_camp" title="Hinzert concentration camp">Hinzert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittelbau-Dora_concentration_camp" title="Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp">Mittelbau-Dora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuengamme_concentration_camp" title="Neuengamme concentration camp">Neuengamme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensbr%C3%BCck_concentration_camp" title="Ravensbrück concentration camp">Ravensbrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp" title="Sachsenhausen concentration camp">Sachsenhausen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rescue</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosenstrasse_protest" title="Rosenstrasse protest">Rosenstrasse protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_7" title="Operation 7">Operation 7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jews_in_hiding_in_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jews in hiding in Berlin (page does not exist)">Jews in hiding in Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bund:_Gemeinschaft_f%C3%BCr_ein_sozialistisches_Leben" title="Bund: Gemeinschaft für ein sozialistisches Leben">Bund: Gemeinschaft für ein sozialistisches Leben</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_collective_guilt" title="German collective guilt">German collective guilt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vergangenheitsbew%C3%A4ltigung" title="Vergangenheitsbewältigung">Vergangenheitsbewältigung</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany" title="History of the Jews in Germany">History of the Jews in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58036#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58036#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58036#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000055357892">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/67260535">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1717788/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcwB4yrHqJBFxMPR3XDbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118723995">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83010330">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11954928q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11954928q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700930&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p141390492">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810676495305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007458952205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118723995.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118723995">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027528162">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k07mqm">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&oldid=1258959626">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&oldid=1258959626</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1906_births" title="Category:1906 births">1906 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1967_suicides" title="Category:1967 suicides">1967 suicides</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1967_deaths" title="Category:1967 deaths">1967 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_trophy_collecting_in_World_War_II" title="Category:Human trophy collecting in World War II">Human trophy collecting in World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Dresden" title="Category:People from Dresden">People from Dresden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Category:People from the Kingdom of Saxony">People from the Kingdom of Saxony</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buchenwald_concentration_camp_personnel" title="Category:Buchenwald concentration camp personnel">Buchenwald concentration camp personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_people_convicted_of_torture" title="Category:German people convicted of torture">German people convicted of torture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_people_convicted_of_murder" title="Category:German people convicted of murder">German people convicted of murder</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_prisoners_sentenced_to_life_imprisonment" title="Category:German prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment">German prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazis_who_died_by_suicide_in_prison_custody" title="Category:Nazis who died by suicide in prison custody">Nazis who died by suicide in prison custody</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazis_who_died_by_suicide_in_Germany" title="Category:Nazis who died by suicide in Germany">Nazis who died by suicide in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_convicted_of_murder_by_Germany" title="Category:People convicted of murder by Germany">People convicted of murder by Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prisoners_sentenced_to_life_imprisonment_by_Germany" title="Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Germany">Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prisoners_sentenced_to_life_imprisonment_by_the_United_States_military" title="Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States military">Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States military</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prisoners_who_died_in_German_detention" title="Category:Prisoners who died in German detention">Prisoners who died in German detention</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Female_guards_in_Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Category:Female guards in Nazi concentration camps">Female guards in Nazi concentration camps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suicides_by_hanging_in_Germany" title="Category:Suicides by hanging in Germany">Suicides by hanging in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp_personnel" title="Category:Sachsenhausen concentration camp personnel">Sachsenhausen concentration camp personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_convicted_in_the_Dachau_trials" title="Category:People convicted in the Dachau trials">People convicted in the Dachau trials</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_convicted_in_the_Buchenwald_trials" title="Category:People convicted in the Buchenwald trials">People convicted in the Buchenwald trials</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suicides_in_West_Germany" title="Category:Suicides in West Germany">Suicides in West Germany</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_links_to_subscription-only_content" title="Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content">Pages containing links to subscription-only content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2023">Use dmy dates from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_criminal_with_known_for_parameter" title="Category:Pages using infobox criminal with known for parameter">Pages using infobox criminal with known for parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 15:58<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilse_Koch&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-759d5489db-tz8pt","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.140","walltime":"1.365","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5906,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":135997,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6499,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":213106,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1251.471 1 -total"," 33.21% 415.592 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.02% 338.157 1 Template:Infobox_criminal"," 23.12% 289.313 35 Template:Cite_book"," 10.04% 125.616 1 Template:Lang"," 8.79% 109.974 1 Template:Holocaust_Germany"," 8.49% 106.207 1 Template:Navbox"," 7.53% 94.258 1 Template:Marriage"," 6.59% 82.485 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.28% 66.067 1 Template:Birth_date"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.763","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18099867,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-645858d48f-v4t8v","timestamp":"20241202153212","ttl":2536081,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ilse Koch","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilse_Koch","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q58036","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q58036","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-10-15T13:08:27Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T15:58:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/02\/Ilse_Koch.png","headline":"German war criminal, wife of camp commandant Karl-Otto Koch"}</script> </body> </html>