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These structures therefore open" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/42480943/11439815/17432311/s200_daniela.cialfi.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/73608534/A_Drive_towards_Thermodynamic_Efficiency_for_Dissipative_Structures_in_Chemical_Reaction_Networks" /> <meta property="og:title" content="A Drive towards Thermodynamic Efficiency for Dissipative Structures in Chemical Reaction Networks" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Dissipative accounts of structure formation show that the self-organisation of complex structures is thermodynamically favoured, whenever these structures dissipate free energy that could not be accessed otherwise. These structures therefore open" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://unich-it.academia.edu/DanielaCialfi" /> <meta name="description" content="Dissipative accounts of structure formation show that the self-organisation of complex structures is thermodynamically favoured, whenever these structures dissipate free energy that could not be accessed otherwise. These structures therefore open" /> <title>(PDF) Thermodynamic Efficiency in Dissipative Structures</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/73608534/A_Drive_towards_Thermodynamic_Efficiency_for_Dissipative_Structures_in_Chemical_Reaction_Networks" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b092bf3a3df71cf13feee7c143e83a57eb6b94fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739839464000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739839464000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Dissipative accounts of structure formation show that the self-organisation of complex structures is thermodynamically favoured, whenever these structures dissipate free energy that could not be accessed otherwise. These structures therefore open transition channels for the state of the universe to move from a frustrated, metastable state to another metastable state of higher entropy. However, these accounts apply as well to relatively simple, dissipative systems, such as convection cells, hurricanes, candle flames, lightning strikes, or mechanical cracks, as they do to complex biological systems. Conversely, interesting computational properties—that characterize complex biological systems, such as efficient, predictive representations of environmental dynamics—can be linked to the thermodynamic efficiency of underlying physical processes. However, the potential mechanisms that underwrite the selection of dissipative structures with thermodynamically efficient subprocesses is not co...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Daniela Cialfi","url":"https://unich-it.academia.edu/DanielaCialfi"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-03-12","dateModified":"2025-02-01","datePublished":"2021-01-01","headline":"A Drive towards Thermodynamic Efficiency for Dissipative Structures in Chemical Reaction Networks","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82064616/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Computer 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These structures therefore open transition channels for the state of the universe to move from a frustrated, metastable state to another metastable state of higher entropy. However, these accounts apply as well to relatively simple, dissipative systems, such as convection cells, hurricanes, candle flames, lightning strikes, or mechanical cracks, as they do to complex biological systems. Conversely, interesting computational properties—that characterize complex biological systems, such as efficient, predictive representations of environmental dynamics—can be linked to the thermodynamic efficiency of underlying physical processes. However, the potential mechanisms that underwrite the selection of dissipative structures with thermodynamically efficient subprocesses is not co...","publisher":"Entropy","ai_title_tag":"Thermodynamic Efficiency in Dissipative Structures","publication_date":"2021,,","publication_name":"Entropy"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"A Drive towards Thermodynamic Efficiency for Dissipative Structures in Chemical Reaction Networks","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [42480943]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":82064616,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “A Drive towards Thermodynamic Efficiency for Dissipative Structures in Chemical Reaction Networks”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/82064616/mini_magick20220312-7089-128qro4.png?1647102616" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">A Drive towards Thermodynamic Efficiency for Dissipative Structures in Chemical Reaction Networks</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42480943" href="https://unich-it.academia.edu/DanielaCialfi"><img alt="Profile image of Daniela Cialfi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/42480943/11439815/17432311/s65_daniela.cialfi.jpg" />Daniela Cialfi</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, Entropy</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">15 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 73608534; 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These structures therefore open transition channels for the state of the universe to move from a frustrated, metastable state to another metastable state of higher entropy. However, these accounts apply as well to relatively simple, dissipative systems, such as convection cells, hurricanes, candle flames, lightning strikes, or mechanical cracks, as they do to complex biological systems. Conversely, interesting computational properties—that characterize complex biological systems, such as efficient, predictive representations of environmental dynamics—can be linked to the thermodynamic efficiency of underlying physical processes. However, the potential mechanisms that underwrite the selection of dissipative structures with thermodynamically efficient subprocesses is not co...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":82064616,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/73608534/A_Drive_towards_Thermodynamic_Efficiency_for_Dissipative_Structures_in_Chemical_Reaction_Networks"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":82064616,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/73608534/A_Drive_towards_Thermodynamic_Efficiency_for_Dissipative_Structures_in_Chemical_Reaction_Networks"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Through the observation of these systems, physical chemistry begins to understand phenomena that have complex and selforganising behaviour. In practice, in order to understand life and its ability to self-organise, evolutionary physical chemistry studies phenomena which present novelties, i.e., in which order is horn from chaos (order out of chaos is an expression dear to the school of Ilya Prigogine, father of evolutionary physics and winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1977). This paper presents a discussion on self-organization processes in dissipative structures, in order to highlight the general conditions for raising complexity and generating order in nature. In particular, variation of entropy and thermodynamic information in self-organizing systems were briefly introduced. Examples of dissipative structures in nature were presented, such as oscillatory reactions, hurricanes, and also human society. This would inform next generation designers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dissipative structures in nature and human systems","attachmentId":96460726,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93832365/Dissipative_structures_in_nature_and_human_systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93832365/Dissipative_structures_in_nature_and_human_systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="77766363" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77766363/On_the_Thermodynamics_of_Self_Organization_in_Dissipative_Systems_Reflections_on_the_Unification_of_Physics_and_Biology">On the Thermodynamics of Self-Organization in Dissipative Systems: Reflections on the Unification of Physics and Biology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49851788" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AshwinVaidya">Ashwin Vaidya</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Fluids</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this paper, we discuss some well-known experimental observations on self-organization in dissipative systems. The examples range from pure fluid flow, pattern selection in fluid–solid systems to chemical-reaction-induced flocking and aggregation in fluid systems. In each case, self-organization can be seen to be a function of a persistent internal gradient. One goal of this article is to hint at a common theory to explain such phenomena, which often takes the form of the extremum of some thermodynamic quantity, for instance the rate of entropy production. Such variational theories are not new; they have been in existence for decades and gained popularity through the Nobel Prize-winning work of theorists such as Lars Onsager and Ilya Prigogine. The arguments have evolved since then to include systems of higher complexity and for nonlinear systems, though a comprehensive theory remains elusive. The overall attempt is to bring out examples from physics, chemistry, engineering, and b...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On the Thermodynamics of Self-Organization in Dissipative Systems: Reflections on the Unification of Physics and Biology","attachmentId":85044814,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77766363/On_the_Thermodynamics_of_Self_Organization_in_Dissipative_Systems_Reflections_on_the_Unification_of_Physics_and_Biology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77766363/On_the_Thermodynamics_of_Self_Organization_in_Dissipative_Systems_Reflections_on_the_Unification_of_Physics_and_Biology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="62886592" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62886592/Dissipative_Structures_Organisms_and_Evolution">Dissipative Structures, Organisms and Evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58188837" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BenjaminDeBari">Benjamin De Bari</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Entropy</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Self-organization in nonequilibrium systems has been known for over 50 years. Under nonequilibrium conditions, the state of a system can become unstable and a transition to an organized structure can occur. Such structures include oscillating chemical reactions and spatiotemporal patterns in chemical and other systems. Because entropy and free-energy dissipating irreversible processes generate and maintain these structures, these have been called dissipative structures. Our recent research revealed that some of these structures exhibit organism-like behavior, reinforcing the earlier expectation that the study of dissipative structures will provide insights into the nature of organisms and their origin. In this article, we summarize our study of organism-like behavior in electrically and chemically driven systems. The highly complex behavior of these systems shows the time evolution to states of higher entropy production. Using these systems as an example, we present some concepts th...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dissipative Structures, Organisms and Evolution","attachmentId":75507010,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62886592/Dissipative_Structures_Organisms_and_Evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62886592/Dissipative_Structures_Organisms_and_Evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="126452531" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126452531/Structure_for_energy_cycle_a_unique_status_of_the_second_law_of_thermodynamics_for_living_systems">Structure for energy cycle: a unique status of the second law of thermodynamics for living systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="287994384" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShuNongBai">Shu-Nong Bai</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Science China Life Sciences, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Distinguishing things from beings, or matters from lives, is a fundamental question. Extending E. Schrödinger's neg-entropy and I. Prigogine's dissipative structure, we propose a chemical kinetic view that the earliest "live" process is essentially a special interaction between a pair of specific components under a corresponding, particular environmental conditions. The interaction exists as an inter-molecular-force-bond complex (IMFBC) that couples two separate chemical processes: One is the spontaneous formation of an IMFBC driven by the decrease of Gibbs free energy as a dissipative process; while the other is the disassembly of the IMFBC driven thermodynamically by free energy input from the environment. The two processes that are coupled by the IMFBC were originated independently and considered nonliving on Earth, but the IMFBC coupling of the two can be considered as the earliest form of metabolism: This forms the first landmark on the path from things to a being. The dynamic formation and dissemblance of the IMFBCs, as composite individuals, follows a principle designated as "… structure for energy for structure for energy …", the cycle continues, shortly "structure for energy cycle". With additional features derived from an IMFBC, such as multiple intermediates, autocatalytic ability of one individual upon the formation of another, aqueous medium, and mutual beneficial relationship between formation of polypeptides and nucleic acids, etc., the IMFBCcentered "live" process spontaneously evolved into more complex living organisms with the characteristics one currently knows.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Structure for energy cycle: a unique status of the second law of thermodynamics for living systems","attachmentId":120327786,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126452531/Structure_for_energy_cycle_a_unique_status_of_the_second_law_of_thermodynamics_for_living_systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126452531/Structure_for_energy_cycle_a_unique_status_of_the_second_law_of_thermodynamics_for_living_systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="22752855" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22752855/The_thermodynamics_and_evolution_of_complexity_in_biological_systems">The thermodynamics and evolution of complexity in biological systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44385090" href="https://unamur.academia.edu/OlivierToussaint">Olivier Toussaint</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 1998</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Recent advances in nonequilibrium thermodynamics leads to the conclusion that similar processes, constrained by the second law of thermodynamics, give rise to the emergence of structure and process in a broad class of dissipative systems. The second law suggests that, in systems moved away from equilibrium, processes can emerge so that the system organizes in a way that reduces the effect of the applied gradient. If dynamic and or kinetic conditions permit, self organization processes can be expected. As biosystems grow and develop, they should increase their total dissipation, and develop more complex structures with more energy flow, increase their cycling activity, develop greater diversity and generate more hierarchical levels. As a corollary to this general statement, biosystems which do not increase their total dissipation, are organisms dedicated to death, like observed during the aging of any biosystem. Species which survive in ecosystems are those that funnel energy into their own production and reproduction and contribute to autocatalytic processes which increase the total dissipation of the ecosystem while at same time surviving within the constraints of their changing environment. In a broad class of biosystems, stress and aging have similar thermodynamic properties and suggests common underlying principles.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The thermodynamics and evolution of complexity in biological systems","attachmentId":43314840,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22752855/The_thermodynamics_and_evolution_of_complexity_in_biological_systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22752855/The_thermodynamics_and_evolution_of_complexity_in_biological_systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="126452408" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126452408/Structure_for_Energy_Cycle_A_unique_status_of_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics_for_living_systems">Structure for Energy Cycle: A unique status of Second Law of Thermodynamics for living systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="287994384" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShuNongBai">Shu-Nong Bai</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Distinguishing things from beings, or matters from lives, is a fundamental question. Extending E. Schrödinger's neg-entropy and I. Prigogine's dissipative structure, we propose a chemical kinetic view that the earliest "live" process is essentially a special interaction between a pair of specific components under a corresponding, particular environmental conditions. The interaction exists as an inter-molecular-force-bond complex (IMFBC) that couples two separate chemical processes: One is the spontaneous formation of an IMFBC driven by the decrease of Gibbs free energy as a dissipative process; while the other is the disassembly of the IMFBC driven thermodynamically by free energy input from the environment. The two processes that are coupled by the IMFBC were originated independently and considered nonliving on Earth, but the IMFBC coupling of the two can be considered as the earliest form of metabolism: This forms the first landmark on the path from things to a being. The dynamic formation and dissemblance of the IMFBCs, as composite individuals, follows a principle designated as "… structure for energy for structure for energy …", the cycle continues, shortly "structure for energy cycle". With additional features derived from an IMFBC, such as multiple intermediates, autocatalytic ability of one individual upon the formation of another, aqueous medium, and mutual beneficial relationship between formation of polypeptides and nucleic acids, etc., the IMFBCcentered "live" process spontaneously evolved into more complex living organisms with the characteristics one currently knows.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Structure for Energy Cycle: A unique status of Second Law of Thermodynamics for living systems","attachmentId":120327688,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126452408/Structure_for_Energy_Cycle_A_unique_status_of_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics_for_living_systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126452408/Structure_for_Energy_Cycle_A_unique_status_of_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics_for_living_systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="53101648" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53101648/Dissipation_driven_selection_of_states_in_non_equilibrium_chemical_networks">Dissipation-driven selection of states in non-equilibrium chemical networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61529063" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShilingLiang">Shiling Liang</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Communications Chemistry</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Life has most likely originated as a consequence of processes taking place in non-equilibrium conditions (e.g. in the proximity of deep-sea thermal vents) selecting states of matter that would have been otherwise unfavorable at equilibrium. Here we present a simple chemical network in which the selection of states is driven by the thermodynamic necessity of dissipating heat as rapidly as possible in the presence of a thermal gradient: states participating to faster reactions contribute the most to the dissipation rate, and are the most populated ones in non-equilibrium steady-state conditions. Building upon these results, we show that, as the complexity of the chemical network increases, the velocity of the reaction path leading to a given state determines its selection, giving rise to non-trivial localization phenomena in state space. A byproduct of our studies is that, in the presence of a temperature gradient, thermophoresis-like behavior inevitably appears depending on the trans...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dissipation-driven selection of states in non-equilibrium chemical networks","attachmentId":70046551,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53101648/Dissipation_driven_selection_of_states_in_non_equilibrium_chemical_networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53101648/Dissipation_driven_selection_of_states_in_non_equilibrium_chemical_networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="67932300" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67932300/Acceleration_of_Energy_Dissipation_by_Biological_Systems">Acceleration of Energy Dissipation by Biological Systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66984340" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AdamMoroz">Adam Moroz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A general scheme of evolution from autocatalytic processes to socio-technological system is discussed from the perspective of maximum energy dissipation principle. The scheme treats the emergence of biological systems as an initial stage in the acceleration of global free energy dissipation. The sequential emergence of qualitatively new levels of organisation (biological cell, multicellular organism, social system) has been proposed, the levels are suggested as the results of cooperation (symbiosis) of the dissipative systems at the previous levels. The cooperation/symbiosis provides sufficient complexity for development of the next, essentially a new level of energy dissipation, leading to a new form of free energy utilization and a new form of information mapping. From a thermodynamic perspective, every qualitatively new level of biological organisation provides an additional step to increase the rate of energy dissipation from qualitatively new sources, essentially widening the n...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Acceleration of Energy Dissipation by Biological Systems","attachmentId":78594155,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67932300/Acceleration_of_Energy_Dissipation_by_Biological_Systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67932300/Acceleration_of_Energy_Dissipation_by_Biological_Systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="39398393" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39398393/The_Candle_and_the_Flame_Structure_Energy_Information_and_Development_in_Biological_Systems">The Candle and the Flame:- Structure, Energy, Information and Development in Biological Systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="116131995" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CDavia">Christopher Davia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The following was originally presented at an e-intentionality seminar in the informatics department of Sussex University -'The Candle and The Flame' in 2005. It has been updated with more recent research and analysis primarily concerned with a re-examination of Schrodinger's concept of 'negative entropy' and the role that it plays in the brain.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Candle and the Flame:- Structure, Energy, Information and Development in Biological Systems","attachmentId":59541977,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39398393/The_Candle_and_the_Flame_Structure_Energy_Information_and_Development_in_Biological_Systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39398393/The_Candle_and_the_Flame_Structure_Energy_Information_and_Development_in_Biological_Systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="51545284" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51545284/Natural_networks_as_thermodynamic_systems">Natural networks as thermodynamic systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13844257" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArtoAnnila">Arto Annila</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Complexity, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Natural networks are considered as thermodynamic systems that evolve from one state to another by consuming free energy. The least-time consumption of free energy is found to result in ubiquitous scale-free characteristics. The network evolution will yield the scale-independent qualities because the least-time imperative will prefer attachment of nodes that contribute most to the free-energy consumption. The analysis of evolutionary equation of motion, derived from statistical physics of open systems, reveals that evolution of natural networks is a path-dependent and nondeterministic process. Despite the noncomputability of evolution, many mathematical models of networks can be recognized as approximations of the least-time process as well as many measures of networks can be appreciated as practical assessments of the system's thermodynamic status.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Natural networks as thermodynamic systems","attachmentId":69225093,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51545284/Natural_networks_as_thermodynamic_systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51545284/Natural_networks_as_thermodynamic_systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":82064616,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":82064616,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_82064616" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="78851434" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78851434/Dissipative_structures_From_reaction_diffusion_to_chemo_hydrodynamic_patterns">Dissipative structures: From reaction-diffusion to chemo-hydrodynamic patterns</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32961786" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcelloBudroni">Marcello Budroni</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of 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href="https://www.academia.edu/81220744/Dissipative_Structures_Catastrophes_and_Pattern_Formation_A_Bifurcation_Analysis">Dissipative Structures, Catastrophes, and Pattern Formation: A Bifurcation Analysis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="114775424" href="https://uh.academia.edu/GAuchmuty">Giles Auchmuty</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1974</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dissipative Structures, Catastrophes, and Pattern Formation: A Bifurcation 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