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(DApps)</h1><div class="sc-gsTCUz dXgtKz"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Label__StyledLabel-sc-1t4rrpc-0 ddEydi dpewDd"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ DifficultyTag__Dot-yboxuz-0 blnIOn huqzPs"></div>Moderate</div><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Grid-sc-3uwl3g-0 jvVtgT hfyApF"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Grid__GridItem-sc-3uwl3g-2"><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://coinmarketcap.com/academy/glossary/decentralized-applications-dapps&text=Decentralized%20Applications%20(DApps)" aria-label="Share this article on twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-gsTCUz SocialLink__IconWrapper-sc-1toayxk-0 SocialLink-sc-1toayxk-1 kSSfgv ldGcwa"><svg viewBox="0 0 18 14" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-bdfBwQ Svg-sc-17i2kvj-0"><path d="M5.90944 13.7676C7.18903 13.7764 8.45762 13.5308 9.64152 13.0452C10.8254 12.5596 11.901 11.8436 12.8058 10.9387C13.7107 10.0339 14.4267 8.95831 14.9123 7.77442C15.398 6.59052 15.6435 5.32193 15.6347 4.04234C15.6347 3.89424 15.6318 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href="https://t.me/share/url?url=https://coinmarketcap.com/academy/glossary/decentralized-applications-dapps&text=Decentralized%20Applications%20(DApps)" aria-label="Share this article on Telegram" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-gsTCUz SocialLink__IconWrapper-sc-1toayxk-0 SocialLink-sc-1toayxk-1 kSSfgv kWcfCj"><svg viewBox="0 0 18 16" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-bdfBwQ Svg-sc-17i2kvj-0"><path d="M16.5257 0.95613L0.992894 6.94483C-0.066948 7.37023 -0.061323 7.96196 0.800144 8.22551L4.78605 9.46968L14.0138 3.64787C14.4499 3.3832 14.8494 3.52537 14.5213 3.81704L7.04397 10.5643L7.12095 10.6987L7.04397 10.5649L6.76974 14.675C6.92584 14.6731 7.07947 14.6358 7.21913 14.566C7.35878 14.4963 7.48083 14.3958 7.57613 14.2721L9.51318 12.389L13.5423 15.3662C14.2841 15.7748 14.8191 15.5629 15.004 14.6773L17.6491 2.21212C17.9199 1.12644 17.2349 0.634171 16.5258 0.956163"></path></svg></a></div><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Grid__GridItem-sc-3uwl3g-2"><div aria-label="Copy the link to your clipboard" class="sc-gsTCUz SocialLink__IconWrapper-sc-1toayxk-0 kSSfgv sHTpX"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 17" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-bdfBwQ Svg-sc-17i2kvj-0"><path d="M13.8801 0V12.26H11.8801V2H4.12012V0H13.8801Z"></path><path d="M0.120117 3.97998V16.24H9.88012V3.99998L0.120117 3.97998ZM7.87012 14.26H2.12012V5.99998H7.88012L7.87012 14.26Z"></path></svg></div></div></div></div><div class="sc-bdfBwQ GlossaryContent__SummaryBox-k7dren-0 koUmyx eTIkUK"><p>A type of application that runs on a decentralized network, avoiding a single point of failure.</p></div><h2 class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Heading-juwhnu-0 iLpgJa ehzvDo">What Are Decentralized Applications (DApps)?</h2><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">DApps are any computer applications whose operation is maintained by a distributed network of computer nodes, as opposed to a single server.</p><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">DApps really took off with the creation of <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">blockchain</a> platforms that support <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">smart contracts</a>, like Ethereum. <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum/" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">Ethereum</a> doesn’t only feature a coin - it also facilitates something called the Ethereum Virtual Machine, or <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">EVM</a>. Think of the EVM as a distributed computer defined by <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">consensus algorithms</a> where everyone agrees on its state at all times.</div><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">This EVM is <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/turing-complete" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">Turing complete</a>, meaning it can perform any operation a normal computer can handle. Ethereum has its own programming language called <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/solidity" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">Solidity</a> that developers use to code DApps that run on the EVM in a decentralized way.</div><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">As a result of the way they are executed, DApps can provide the same quality of service that regular apps are capable of, while at the same time enjoying full advantages of <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">decentralization</a>, such as almost constant uptime and resistance to censorship and corruption.</div><h2 class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Heading-juwhnu-0 iLpgJa ehzvDo">How Do DApps Operate?</h2><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">DApps are driven by code that runs across a distributed network using a consensus mechanism like <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-work-pow" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">proof-of-work</a>. This allows many nodes to collaborate towards a common outcome, rather than relying on one central server. The data, records and activity logs for a DApp are stored in a decentralized manner on blockchains. The transparency of transactions on the blockchain combined with cryptography ensures trust and security. </div><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">DApps provide user interfaces and experiences similar to traditional web and mobile apps. However, the backend operates in a decentralized manner, distributing control and authority instead of consolidating it.</p><h2 class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Heading-juwhnu-0 iLpgJa ehzvDo">Notable Examples of DApps</h2><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">While still an emerging field, some notable DApp have gained significant user bases: </p><ul class="Renderer__List-mfgg8t-1 kEBbNN"><li class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 byJUJo"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Decentralized exchanges like <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/uniswap-v3/" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">Uniswap</a> and <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/pancakeswap/" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">PancakeSwap</a> allow direct cryptocurrency trades between users without centralized intermediaries. </div></li><li class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 byJUJo"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF"><a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/non-fungible-token" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">NFT</a> marketplaces, such as <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/opensea" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">OpenSea</a> and <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/rarible/" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">Rarible</a>, provide a way to create and trade non-fungible tokens, enabling new digital economies. </div></li><li class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 byJUJo"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF"><a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/crypto-prediction-markets-what-are-they-and-how-do-they-work" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">Prediction markets</a> leverage the wisdom of the crowd for forecasting events while keeping user identities private. </div></li><li class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 byJUJo"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">DeFi <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">lending</a> apps such as <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/aave/" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">Aave</a> enable crypto-backed loans and savings accounts with algorithmic determination of interest rates. </div></li><li class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 byJUJo"><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Blockchain gaming apps blend NFT character ownership with gameplay and money-earning mechanics.</p></li></ul><h2 class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Heading-juwhnu-0 iLpgJa ehzvDo">Benefits of the DApp Approach </h2><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Building an application as a DApp brings some key advantages: </p><ul class="Renderer__List-mfgg8t-1 kEBbNN"><li class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 byJUJo"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF"><a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/censorship-resistance" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">Censorship resistance</a> is improved, as no single entity can arbitrarily modify or take down the application. </div></li><li class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 byJUJo"><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Transparency of operations is enabled through the open-source nature of DApps and public blockchain data. </p></li><li class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 byJUJo"><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Data permanence and immutability result from blockchain storage. Records cannot be altered. </p></li><li class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 byJUJo"><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Consistency of operations and reduction of fraud stems from the consensus mechanism. </p></li><li class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 byJUJo"><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Interoperability between DApps that use the same underlying protocol and standards is another benefit. </p></li></ul><h2 class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Heading-juwhnu-0 iLpgJa ehzvDo">DApp Platforms and Programming Languages</h2><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">There are a variety of blockchain protocols that support DApp development. <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">Ethereum</a> has the most DApp developers due to its maturity and programmability with Solidity smart contracts. Tron offers high throughput which suits certain DApp types, albeit with some centralization tradeoffs. Cardano takes a research-driven approach toward enabling secure DApps through its proof-of-stake protocol. </div><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Developers can choose from several programming languages. Solidity is commonly used to write Ethereum smart contracts and backend code. Vyper is a Python-inspired language for developing secure smart contracts. Rust, C++, Go and other languages can also be used for certain blockchains.</p><h2 class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Heading-juwhnu-0 iLpgJa ehzvDo">Challenges to Adoption</h2><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">DApps also come with some inherent challenges. Scaling issues like slow transaction speeds, latency and gas costs on networks like Ethereum are a big obstacle. User experience complexity around crypto wallets, private keys and onboarding hinders adoption. Bugs can lead to exploitation. Lack of standards when building DApps results in fragility and interoperability issues. Moreover, unclear and evolving regulations create uncertainty for DApp developers and users.</p><h2 class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Heading-juwhnu-0 iLpgJa ehzvDo">Popular DApps Hacks and Scams</h2><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Decentralized apps, or DApps for short, have faced their fair share of scams and cyber attacks throughout their relatively short life in the crypto world. Let me walk through a few prime examples so we can learn from the past.</p><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Back in 2016, an organization called <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/the-dao" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">The DAO</a> made waves by creating a decentralized venture capital platform on Ethereum. They raised an impressive $150 million worth of ether through a token sale. However, some vulnerabilities in their code ended up haunting them. A devastating hack resulted in a whopping $60 million of ether being stolen right out from under them! This led to some massive drama, with the Ethereum community deciding to hard-fork the blockchain to get the funds back. This controversial move split the network into two separate blockchains: Ethereum and Ethereum Classic. </div><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">The following year, 2017, a coding vulnerability in the Parity Wallet smart contract software was exploited by some hackers, leading to the loss of over $30 million worth of ether. The flaw enabled the attacker to take control of the smart contract and take off.</p><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Then in 2018, the decentralized exchange Bancor suffered a $23.5 million hack, with the hacker exploiting a vulnerability in one of their smart contracts. This enabled access to both ether and other tokens the exchange held.</p><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">These events really drive home how crucial security is when building and using DApps. Developers need to double down on auditing and testing their code before launch to lock things down. Users should also stay vigilant for scams when engaging with DApps. </p><h2 class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Heading-juwhnu-0 iLpgJa ehzvDo">How Secure Are DApps?</h2><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">With all the hype around blockchain technology, a question on many crypto enthusiasts' minds is: How secure are decentralized apps (DApps) really? Let's unpack some of the key factors that give DApps an edge when it comes to security.</p><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">For starters, DApps are built on blockchain networks. Once data gets recorded there, it can't be altered or deleted without agreement from the entire network. This <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/immutable" rel="noopener noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 gbfvns">immutable</a> and transparent record makes tampering with data a virtual impossibility. It's pretty neat for security, not to mention for reducing cybercrime.</div><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Smart contracts serve as the backbone for many DApps. These self-executing contracts have the terms baked right into the code. While vulnerabilities can pop up, developers have ways to audit the code to squash bugs. Proper testing before launch is critical for DApps to ensure no holes remain for hackers to exploit.</p><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Here's another perk of DApps for security - users retain complete control over their own data and assets. With no centralized authority managing the info, users enjoy enhanced privacy. This reduced reliance on intermediaries for data management is a win for security. As long as they have an internet connection, users can access their details whenever and wherever.</p><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">While DApps mark an improvement in application security, it pays for users to take some basic precautions:</p><ul class="Renderer__List-mfgg8t-1 kEBbNN"><li class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 byJUJo"><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Make sure a dApp is legit before jumping in. Scammers sometimes create fake ones to steal private keys or passwords.</p></li><li class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 byJUJo"><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Renderer___StyledText-mfgg8t-7 kVrfYF">Keep software, wallets and dApp tools updated to keep the latest security features.</p></li></ul></div><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Container-sc-4c5vqs-0 kA-dzTb khdEkh"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ glide"><div class="Controls__Wrapper-dqlwmp-2 hLEHRj"><div class="sc-gsTCUz uhZXX glide__arrows" data-glide-el="controls"><button class="Controls__Button-dqlwmp-0 fQroEF glide__arrow glide__arrow--right" data-glide-dir=">" aria-label="Explore more glossaries entries" type="button"><svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="sc-bdfBwQ Svg-sc-17i2kvj-0 bwxocM"><path d="M7.09988 11.11L1.87988 5.88997L3.28988 4.47997L7.10988 0.659973L8.51988 2.06997L5.69988 4.88997H17.4799V6.88997H5.69988L8.50988 9.68997L7.09988 11.11Z"></path><path d="M12.88 8.89001L18.09 14.11L16.68 15.52L12.87 19.34L11.46 17.93L14.28 15.11H2.5V13.11H14.28L11.47 10.31L12.88 8.89001Z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="glide__bullets" data-glide-el="controls[nav]"><button class="Controls__Button-dqlwmp-0 Controls__Bullet-dqlwmp-1 fQroEF dHSKwc glide__bullet" data-glide-dir="=0" aria-label="Slide to related glossary number 0" type="button"></button><button class="Controls__Button-dqlwmp-0 Controls__Bullet-dqlwmp-1 fQroEF dHSKwc glide__bullet" data-glide-dir="=1" aria-label="Slide to related glossary number 1" type="button"></button><button class="Controls__Button-dqlwmp-0 Controls__Bullet-dqlwmp-1 fQroEF dHSKwc glide__bullet" data-glide-dir="=2" aria-label="Slide to related glossary number 2" type="button"></button><button class="Controls__Button-dqlwmp-0 Controls__Bullet-dqlwmp-1 fQroEF dHSKwc glide__bullet" data-glide-dir="=3" aria-label="Slide to related glossary number 3" type="button"></button><button class="Controls__Button-dqlwmp-0 Controls__Bullet-dqlwmp-1 fQroEF dHSKwc glide__bullet" data-glide-dir="=4" aria-label="Slide to related glossary number 4" type="button"></button><button class="Controls__Button-dqlwmp-0 Controls__Bullet-dqlwmp-1 fQroEF dHSKwc glide__bullet" data-glide-dir="=5" aria-label="Slide to related glossary number 5" type="button"></button></div></div><div class="glide__track" data-glide-el="track"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ glide__slides"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ hWhllA glide__slide"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ GlossaryCard__Wrapper-olpfv3-0 imqeFl gxJJyQ GlossaryFooter__Card-sc-1fzncou-0 WXGBS"><a href="/academy/glossary/trusted-execution-environments-tees" class="sc-gsTCUz epuMYd"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ dGqbKE"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ ipBzhV"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Heading-juwhnu-0 Title__StyledTitle-sc-6yi3ll-0 eWLPK gYQtxK gRgJsG">Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs)</div></div><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 kYZXU">Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are secure areas within a main processor that provide a protected spa...</p></div><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 hSoJRN">Full definition ></div></a></div></div><div class="sc-bdfBwQ hWhllA glide__slide"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ GlossaryCard__Wrapper-olpfv3-0 imqeFl gxJJyQ GlossaryFooter__Card-sc-1fzncou-0 WXGBS"><a href="/academy/glossary/human-keys" class="sc-gsTCUz epuMYd"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ dGqbKE"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ ipBzhV"><div class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 Heading-juwhnu-0 Title__StyledTitle-sc-6yi3ll-0 eWLPK gYQtxK gRgJsG">Human Keys</div></div><p class="sc-bdfBwQ Text-msjfkz-0 kYZXU">Human Keys are cryptographic keys derived from what you are, what you know, or what you have. 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1655.993 1787.154, 1655.658 2068.011, 1654.957 2077.500 C 1653.658 2095.071, 1650.672 2116.087, 1647.356 2131 C 1623.598 2237.836, 1553.486 2327.497, 1455.500 2376.352 C 1333.675 2437.092, 1188.170 2423.163, 1078.713 2340.284 C 1033.004 2305.673, 997.452 2262.144, 971.911 2209.517 C 954.173 2172.968, 943.569 2136.945, 938.346 2095.500 C 936.158 2078.137, 935.845 2033.118, 937.797 2016.500 C 945.929 1947.257, 970.660 1885.940, 1011.710 1833.241 C 1073.742 1753.608, 1164.430 1704.059, 1264.812 1694.955 C 1283.942 1693.220, 1325.494 1694.231, 1343 1696.858 C 1359.672 1699.360, 1377.304 1703.060, 1391.343 1707.002 C 1397.216 1708.651, 1402.241 1710, 1402.511 1710 C 1402.780 1710, 1403 1611.284, 1403 1490.631 L 1403 1271.262 1394.250 1270.142 C 1336.486 1262.747, 1273.186 1261.833, 1216.500 1267.575 C 1004.825 1289.018, 811.645 1394.647, 678.041 1562 C 600.765 1658.795, 547.067 1773.146, 522.137 1894 C 506.255 1970.993, 502.021 2055.078, 510.058 2133.902 C 532.485 2353.872, 645.695 2553.167, 824.084 2686.712 C 987.252 2808.862, 1189.714 2862.691, 1393 2837.970 C 1509.978 2823.745, 1623.296 2782.623, 1723.740 2717.949 C 1771.073 2687.472, 1810.621 2655.388, 1853.079 2613.022 C 1903.041 2563.168, 1939.608 2516.680, 1974.232 2459 C 2039.821 2349.734, 2076.849 2229.561, 2084.998 2099.517 C 2085.642 2089.246, 2086 1922.568, 2086 1633.145 L 2086 1182.756 2087.869 1184.128 C 2097.391 1191.117, 2143.163 1220.976, 2157 1229.226 C 2269.843 1296.502, 2391.394 1340.776, 2520 1361.444 C 2566.408 1368.903, 2625.602 1373.982, 2666.250 1373.995 L 2683 1374 2683 1159 L 2683 944 2670.250 943.996 C 2646.831 943.988, 2613.641 940.897, 2584.464 936.006 C 2478.567 918.253, 2380.928 872.803, 2297 802.193 C 2280.460 788.277, 2240.163 747.811, 2226.604 731.500 C 2153.177 643.171, 2108.102 541.999, 2092.054 429.500 C 2089.652 412.660, 2087.341 385.409, 2086.436 363.250 L 2085.772 347 1871.553 347 C 1753.732 347, 1657.033 347.300, 1656.667 347.667" stroke="none" fill="#fffcfc" fill-rule="evenodd"></path><path d="" stroke="none" fill="#fcfcfc" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></a></div><div class="copyright"><div>©2024 CoinMarketCap</div></div></footer></div></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"glossary":{"id":"63637418847d336a2db37a89","title":"Decentralized Applications (DApps)","slug":"decentralized-applications-dapps","meta":"A type of application that runs on a decentralized network, avoiding a single point of failure.","excerpt":"A type of application that runs on a decentralized network, avoiding a single point of failure.","content":"\u003ch2\u003eWhat Are Decentralized Applications (DApps)?\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDApps are any computer applications whose operation is maintained by a distributed network of computer nodes, as opposed to a single server.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDApps really took off with the creation of \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eblockchain\u003c/a\u003e platforms that support \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esmart contracts\u003c/a\u003e, like Ethereum. \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEthereum\u003c/a\u003e doesn\u0026rsquo;t only feature a coin - it also facilitates something called the Ethereum Virtual Machine, or \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEVM\u003c/a\u003e. Think of the EVM as a distributed computer defined by \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econsensus algorithms\u003c/a\u003e where everyone agrees on its state at all times.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis EVM is \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/turing-complete\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTuring complete\u003c/a\u003e, meaning it can perform any operation a normal computer can handle. Ethereum has its own programming language called \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/solidity\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSolidity\u003c/a\u003e that developers use to code DApps that run on the EVM in a decentralized way.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs a result of the way they are executed, DApps can provide the same quality of service that regular apps are capable of, while at the same time enjoying full advantages of \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edecentralization\u003c/a\u003e, such as almost constant uptime and resistance to censorship and corruption.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eHow Do DApps Operate?\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDApps are driven by code that runs across a distributed network using a consensus mechanism like \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-work-pow\"\u003eproof-of-work\u003c/a\u003e. This allows many nodes to collaborate towards a common outcome, rather than relying on one central server. The data, records and activity logs for a DApp are stored in a decentralized manner on blockchains. The transparency of transactions on the blockchain combined with cryptography ensures trust and security.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDApps provide user interfaces and experiences similar to traditional web and mobile apps. However, the backend operates in a decentralized manner, distributing control and authority instead of consolidating it.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotable Examples of DApps\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile still an emerging field, some notable DApp have gained significant user bases:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDecentralized exchanges like \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/uniswap-v3/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eUniswap\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/exchanges/pancakeswap/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePancakeSwap\u003c/a\u003e allow direct cryptocurrency trades between users without centralized intermediaries.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/non-fungible-token\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNFT\u003c/a\u003e marketplaces, such as \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/opensea\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOpenSea\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/rarible/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRarible\u003c/a\u003e, provide a way to create and trade non-fungible tokens, enabling new digital economies.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/crypto-prediction-markets-what-are-they-and-how-do-they-work\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePrediction markets\u003c/a\u003e leverage the wisdom of the crowd for forecasting events while keeping user identities private.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeFi \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003elending\u003c/a\u003e apps such as \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/aave/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAave\u003c/a\u003e enable crypto-backed loans and savings accounts with algorithmic determination of interest rates.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBlockchain gaming apps blend NFT character ownership with gameplay and money-earning mechanics.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBenefits of the DApp Approach\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eBuilding an application as a DApp brings some key advantages:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/censorship-resistance\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCensorship resistance\u003c/a\u003e is improved, as no single entity can arbitrarily modify or take down the application.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTransparency of operations is enabled through the open-source nature of DApps and public blockchain data.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eData permanence and immutability result from blockchain storage. Records cannot be altered.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConsistency of operations and reduction of fraud stems from the consensus mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInteroperability between DApps that use the same underlying protocol and standards is another benefit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDApp Platforms and Programming Languages\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere are a variety of blockchain protocols that support DApp development. \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum/\"\u003eEthereum\u003c/a\u003e has the most DApp developers due to its maturity and programmability with Solidity smart contracts. Tron offers high throughput which suits certain DApp types, albeit with some centralization tradeoffs. Cardano takes a research-driven approach toward enabling secure DApps through its proof-of-stake protocol.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDevelopers can choose from several programming languages. Solidity is commonly used to write Ethereum smart contracts and backend code. Vyper is a Python-inspired language for developing secure smart contracts. Rust, C++, Go and other languages can also be used for certain blockchains.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eChallenges to Adoption\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDApps also come with some inherent challenges. Scaling issues like slow transaction speeds, latency and gas costs on networks like Ethereum are a big obstacle. User experience complexity around crypto wallets, private keys and onboarding hinders adoption. Bugs can lead to exploitation. Lack of standards when building DApps results in fragility and interoperability issues. Moreover, unclear and evolving regulations create uncertainty for DApp developers and users.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003ePopular DApps Hacks and Scams\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDecentralized apps, or DApps for short, have faced their fair share of scams and cyber attacks throughout their relatively short life in the crypto world. Let me walk through a few prime examples so we can learn from the past.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBack in 2016, an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/the-dao\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe DAO\u003c/a\u003e made waves by creating a decentralized venture capital platform on Ethereum. They raised an impressive $150 million worth of ether through a token sale. However, some vulnerabilities in their code ended up haunting them. A devastating hack resulted in a whopping $60 million of ether being stolen right out from under them! This led to some massive drama, with the Ethereum community deciding to hard-fork the blockchain to get the funds back. This controversial move split the network into two separate blockchains: Ethereum and Ethereum Classic.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe following year, 2017, a coding vulnerability in the Parity Wallet smart contract software was exploited by some hackers, leading to the loss of over $30 million worth of ether. The flaw enabled the attacker to take control of the smart contract and take off.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThen in 2018, the decentralized exchange Bancor suffered a $23.5 million hack, with the hacker exploiting a vulnerability in one of their smart contracts. This enabled access to both ether and other tokens the exchange held.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese events really drive home how crucial security is when building and using DApps. Developers need to double down on auditing and testing their code before launch to lock things down. Users should also stay vigilant for scams when engaging with DApps.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eHow Secure Are DApps?\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith all the hype around blockchain technology, a question on many crypto enthusiasts\u0026#39; minds is: How secure are decentralized apps (DApps) really? Let\u0026#39;s unpack some of the key factors that give DApps an edge when it comes to security.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor starters, DApps are built on blockchain networks. Once data gets recorded there, it can\u0026#39;t be altered or deleted without agreement from the entire network. This \u003ca href=\"https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/immutable\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eimmutable\u003c/a\u003e and transparent record makes tampering with data a virtual impossibility. It\u0026#39;s pretty neat for security, not to mention for reducing cybercrime.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSmart contracts serve as the backbone for many DApps. These self-executing contracts have the terms baked right into the code. While vulnerabilities can pop up, developers have ways to audit the code to squash bugs. Proper testing before launch is critical for DApps to ensure no holes remain for hackers to exploit.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHere\u0026#39;s another perk of DApps for security - users retain complete control over their own data and assets. With no centralized authority managing the info, users enjoy enhanced privacy. This reduced reliance on intermediaries for data management is a win for security. As long as they have an internet connection, users can access their details whenever and wherever.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile DApps mark an improvement in application security, it pays for users to take some basic precautions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMake sure a dApp is legit before jumping in. Scammers sometimes create fake ones to steal private keys or passwords.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKeep software, wallets and dApp tools updated to keep the latest security features.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e","author":"Alexandria","created_at":"2021-08-21T05:57:40.000Z","updated_at":"2023-09-18T09:53:15.699Z","related":[{"id":"673c7939df216763658fda91","title":"Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs)","slug":"trusted-execution-environments-tees","excerpt":"Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are secure areas within a main processor that provide a protected space where sensitive code and data can operate without fear of tampering or observation from the outside world."},{"id":"673b643505515f5f6fc2083a","title":"Human Keys","slug":"human-keys","excerpt":"Human Keys are cryptographic keys derived from what you are, what you know, or what you have. They are used to secure digital assets, protect privacy, and access the decentralized web."},{"id":"673b623505515f5f6fc2082b","title":"Open Finance (OpenFi)","slug":"open-finance-openfi","excerpt":"OpenFi, short for \"Open Finance,\" is a financial framework that integrates traditional finance (TradFi) with decentralized finance (DeFi)."},{"id":"67210bc6793ac665fe01f4f2","title":"Rollups-as-a-Service (RaaS)","slug":"rollups-as-a-service-raas","excerpt":"Rollups-as-a-Service (RaaS) allows builders to build and launch their own rollups quickly. RaaS providers deliver end-to-end solutions like customizations of the underlying tech stack, no-code management, and one-click custom integrations with core infrastructure.\n"},{"id":"6721090bf97f8366f8f0df03","title":"Data Availability Sampling (DAS)","slug":"data-availability-sampling-das","excerpt":"Data Availability Sampling (DAS) is a method that enables decentralized applications to verify the availability of block data without requiring the entire dataset to be downloaded by each participant."},{"id":"670e5255650acf586937ecb5","title":"Multiple Data Availability (MultiDA)","slug":"multiple-data-availability-multida","excerpt":"This blockchain architecture uses more than one data availability (DA) service to ensure data redundancy. "}],"available_languages":["vi","uk","tr","pt","id","th","es","de","ru","en"],"difficulty":{"level":2,"label":"Moderate","slug":"intermediate","language":"en"},"pages":[{"id":"64f9db92faa4735acec7e0de","title":"What Is a DeFi Wallet and How To Choose the Right One","slug":"what-is-a-defi-wallet-and-how-to-choose-the-right-one","meta":"Find out how to choose the right DeFi wallet for your needs with our comprehensive checklist. Keep your assets secure and protected.","image":{"original":"uploads/63783129c9a54899a5e62e3b5fb04fef.png","optimized":"optimized-uploads/63783129c9a54899a5e62e3b5fb04fef.png","thumbnail":"thumbnail-uploads/63783129c9a54899a5e62e3b5fb04fef.png"},"language":"en","created_at":"2023-09-11T12:00:03.937Z","updated_at":"2023-09-11T12:00:04.430Z","reading_time":411000,"difficulty":{"level":1,"label":"Easy","slug":"beginner","language":"en"},"categories":[{"id":"63637417847d336a2db377fb","title":"Crypto Basics","description":"All you need to know about the basics of cryptocurrency in one place. Learn how Bitcoin, blockchain and altcoins work, how to actually use them, and why it matters to you.","language":"en","slug":"crypto-basics","icon":"https://academy-public.coinmarketcap.com/optimized-uploads/64112bea3b9b4038b6cbc25a1cd86fb7.png"}],"author":{"name":"Werner Vermaak","bio_summary":"I'm a technical writer and marketer who has been in crypto since 2017.","slug":"werner-vermaak","image":{"original":"uploads/023a9d5cec504ef9bbf27c479530b672.jpeg","optimized":"optimized-uploads/023a9d5cec504ef9bbf27c479530b672.jpeg","thumbnail":"thumbnail-uploads/023a9d5cec504ef9bbf27c479530b672.jpeg"}}},{"id":"649e741bb88dc80f5ff758d7","title":"How To Avoid MetaMask Infinite Approval Exploits","slug":"how-to-avoid-metamask-infinite-approval-exploits","meta":"Learn about the token approval process when interacting with DApps, potential exploitation, and how to keep your ERC-20 tokens safe when using MetaMask.","image":{"original":"uploads/b5228fcbe0194116a53f4e1160a918a5.png","optimized":"optimized-uploads/b5228fcbe0194116a53f4e1160a918a5.png","thumbnail":"thumbnail-uploads/b5228fcbe0194116a53f4e1160a918a5.png"},"language":"en","created_at":"2023-07-04T07:14:00.028Z","updated_at":"2023-07-04T07:14:04.899Z","reading_time":195250,"difficulty":{"level":1,"label":"Easy","slug":"beginner","language":"en"},"categories":[{"id":"63637417847d336a2db377f7","title":"How-to Guides","description":"Dealing with cryptocurrency isn’t always easy. CMC provides in-depth guides into everything from how to create a crypto address to the best way to keep your crypto safe.","language":"en","slug":"how-to-guides","icon":"https://academy-public.coinmarketcap.com/optimized-uploads/b2645949dd5e444f91bdda7fb2f513fd.png"}],"author":{"name":"Ivan Cryptoslav","bio_summary":"In crypto since 2017.","slug":"green-clown-frog","image":{"original":"uploads/75a2deed73194109ad013c829aef1edb.jpeg","optimized":"optimized-uploads/75a2deed73194109ad013c829aef1edb.jpeg","thumbnail":"thumbnail-uploads/75a2deed73194109ad013c829aef1edb.jpeg"}}},{"id":"6438e30ba2300e224601fb37","title":"What Is LayerZero? Omnichain Protocol","slug":"what-is-layerzero-omnichain-protocol","meta":"A deep dive into LayerZero, a protocol supporting and providing the infrastructure for an interoperable and omnichain crypto ecosystem.","image":{"original":"uploads/28e3ca0d521c4d87a9a6f701177c7970.png","optimized":"optimized-uploads/28e3ca0d521c4d87a9a6f701177c7970.png","thumbnail":"thumbnail-uploads/28e3ca0d521c4d87a9a6f701177c7970.png"},"language":"en","created_at":"2023-04-14T12:49:47.247Z","updated_at":"2023-07-17T05:27:52.913Z","reading_time":333500,"difficulty":{"level":2,"label":"Moderate","slug":"intermediate","language":"en"},"categories":[{"id":"63637417847d336a2db377fa","title":"Tech Deep Dives","description":"The crypto industry is rapidly changing — that’s what makes it so much fun, but it can become easy to get lost in the whirl of new technologies. CMC’s tech deep dives are here to help.","language":"en","slug":"tech-deep-dives","icon":"https://academy-public.coinmarketcap.com/optimized-uploads/c4d4081206a54bc29287837d9ad6facf.png"}],"author":{"name":"0xKira","bio_summary":"I am a crypto enthusiast with my main focus in the Wild West that is DeFi.","slug":"0xkira","image":{"original":"uploads/62ec94d67a8a4c7981bc08ae72a54559.jpeg","optimized":"optimized-uploads/62ec94d67a8a4c7981bc08ae72a54559.jpeg","thumbnail":"thumbnail-uploads/62ec94d67a8a4c7981bc08ae72a54559.jpeg"}}},{"id":"641167888ad5f32ca85e21ec","title":"What Is Stacks? Features and Tokenomics","slug":"what-is-stacks-features-and-tokenomics","meta":"CoinMarketCap Academy takes a deep dive into Stacks, a Bitcoin layer building on top of Bitcoin’s proof-of-work consensus mechanism.","image":{"original":"uploads/7bc34ba585fd431dbae42629c9740250.png","optimized":"optimized-uploads/7bc34ba585fd431dbae42629c9740250.png","thumbnail":"thumbnail-uploads/7bc34ba585fd431dbae42629c9740250.png"},"language":"en","created_at":"2023-03-15T06:40:50.617Z","updated_at":"2023-03-17T05:42:15.392Z","reading_time":304250,"difficulty":{"level":2,"label":"Moderate","slug":"intermediate","language":"en"},"categories":[{"id":"63637417847d336a2db377fa","title":"Tech Deep Dives","description":"The crypto industry is rapidly changing — that’s what makes it so much fun, but it can become easy to get lost in the whirl of new technologies. CMC’s tech deep dives are here to help.","language":"en","slug":"tech-deep-dives","icon":"https://academy-public.coinmarketcap.com/optimized-uploads/c4d4081206a54bc29287837d9ad6facf.png"}],"author":{"name":"Ivan Cryptoslav","bio_summary":"In crypto since 2017.","slug":"green-clown-frog","image":{"original":"uploads/75a2deed73194109ad013c829aef1edb.jpeg","optimized":"optimized-uploads/75a2deed73194109ad013c829aef1edb.jpeg","thumbnail":"thumbnail-uploads/75a2deed73194109ad013c829aef1edb.jpeg"}}},{"id":"64071cfb24b7f93706ee5105","title":"The Ultimate Guide to Protocols on Arbitrum","slug":"the-ultimate-guide-to-protocols-on-arbitrum","meta":"An overview of decentralized applications on leading layer-two solution Arbitrum.","image":{"original":"uploads/d8a458fab4854ec3b359ed479c458742.png","optimized":"optimized-uploads/d8a458fab4854ec3b359ed479c458742.png","thumbnail":"thumbnail-uploads/d8a458fab4854ec3b359ed479c458742.png"},"language":"en","created_at":"2023-03-07T14:18:58.594Z","updated_at":"2023-04-06T08:36:56.147Z","reading_time":407000,"difficulty":{"level":2,"label":"Moderate","slug":"intermediate","language":"en"},"categories":[{"id":"63637417847d336a2db377fa","title":"Tech Deep Dives","description":"The crypto industry is rapidly changing — that’s what makes it so much fun, but it can become easy to get lost in the whirl of new technologies. CMC’s tech deep dives are here to help.","language":"en","slug":"tech-deep-dives","icon":"https://academy-public.coinmarketcap.com/optimized-uploads/c4d4081206a54bc29287837d9ad6facf.png"}],"author":{"name":"0xKira","bio_summary":"I am a crypto enthusiast with my main focus in the Wild West that is DeFi.","slug":"0xkira","image":{"original":"uploads/62ec94d67a8a4c7981bc08ae72a54559.jpeg","optimized":"optimized-uploads/62ec94d67a8a4c7981bc08ae72a54559.jpeg","thumbnail":"thumbnail-uploads/62ec94d67a8a4c7981bc08ae72a54559.jpeg"}}},{"id":"63638b3be0e9157c0426e7ea","title":"‘We Are in a BUIDL Market’ — Binance Research Half-Year 2022 Report","slug":"we-are-in-a-buidl-market-binance-research-publishes-half-year-2022-report","meta":"What really happened this year in cryptocurrency? Did everything just turn red and gloomy? 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","image":{"original":"uploads/6202fd8ad4dd49c9bc265afa09e8ed1f.jpg","optimized":"optimized-uploads/6202fd8ad4dd49c9bc265afa09e8ed1f.jpg","thumbnail":"thumbnail-uploads/6202fd8ad4dd49c9bc265afa09e8ed1f.jpg"},"language":"en","created_at":"2021-08-21T05:59:30.000Z","updated_at":"2021-12-05T13:11:38.000Z","reading_time":447750,"difficulty":{"level":2,"label":"Moderate","slug":"intermediate","language":"en"},"categories":[{"id":"63637417847d336a2db377f7","title":"How-to Guides","description":"Dealing with cryptocurrency isn’t always easy. 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Which are the most innovative, impactful \u0026 interesting projects in 2020?":"2020 has been an eventful year, from the Bitcoin halving to the “DeFi Summer Wave” to surges in Bitcoin’s price due to the large influx of “traditional\" institutional investors. Who are the most influential people in crypto in 2020? Which are the most innovative, impactful \u0026 interesting projects in 2020?","Loading...":"Loading...","Copied!\"));":"Copied!\"));","Find what fascinates you as you explore crypto":"Find what fascinates you as you explore crypto","Learn":"Learn","Learn all there is to know about blockchain, cryptocurrency, trading, and more. Get started by exploring all the content on CoinMarketCap Alexandria.":"Learn all there is to know about blockchain, cryptocurrency, trading, and more. Get started by exploring all the content on CoinMarketCap Alexandria.","Explore our content":"Explore our content","Find out the meaning of cryptocurrency and blockchain's hidden language with the CoinMarketCap glossary of terms.":"Find out the meaning of cryptocurrency and blockchain's hidden language with the CoinMarketCap glossary of terms.","Crypto Glossary | CoinMarketCap":"Crypto Glossary | CoinMarketCap","Who is {{name}}?":"Who is {{name}}?","CoinMarketCap Alexandria will house online both content about crypto written by our own researchers and employees, as well as articles by some of the best minds in the crypto space today.‍":"CoinMarketCap Alexandria will house online both content about crypto written by our own researchers and employees, as well as articles by some of the best minds in the crypto space today.‍","About CoinMarketCap Alexandria":"About CoinMarketCap Alexandria","Crypto \u0026 Blockchain Education":"Crypto \u0026 Blockchain Education","Most Influential People \u0026 Projects in 2020":"Most Influential People \u0026 Projects in 2020","Read our profiles of the leading crypto influencers, entrepreneurs, technologists, movers and shakers, in 2020.":"Read our profiles of the leading crypto influencers, entrepreneurs, technologists, movers and shakers, in 2020.","The Leading Crypto Influencers In 2020 | CoinMarketCap":"The Leading Crypto Influencers In 2020 | CoinMarketCap","Next":"Next","writer":"writer","Authors":"Authors","Read our profiles of the leading blockchain and crypto {{name}} in 2020.":"Read our profiles of the leading blockchain and crypto {{name}} in 2020.","The leading Crypto {{name}} in 2020 | CoinMarketCap":"The leading Crypto {{name}} in 2020 | CoinMarketCap","All Categories":"All Categories","Crypto Glossary":"Crypto Glossary","Latest articles by {{author}}":"Latest articles by {{author}}","Biography":"Biography","Everything you’ve ever wanted to know about crypto and more, brought to you by the number one crypto data aggregator, CoinMarketCap.":"Everything you’ve ever wanted to know about crypto and more, brought to you by the number one crypto data aggregator, CoinMarketCap.","Learn About Cryptocurrency.":"Learn About Cryptocurrency.","Alexandria’s authors range from CoinMarketCap employees and researchers to some of the best minds and projects in the crypto space.":"Alexandria’s authors range from CoinMarketCap employees and researchers to some of the best minds and projects in the crypto space.","Meet our Authors":"Meet our Authors","Subscribe":"Subscribe","Enter your email address":"Enter your email address","Join our free newsletter for daily crypto updates!":"Join our free newsletter for daily crypto updates!","Join the thousands already learning crypto!":"Join the thousands already learning crypto!","Latest Articles":"Latest Articles","See All":"See All","See all articles":"See all articles","Related Articles":"Related Articles","By {{author}}":"By {{author}}","{{time}}m":"{{time}}m","Home":"Home","Articles":"Articles","Looking to get started with cryptocurrency? Buy Bitcoin on Binance!":"Looking to get started with cryptocurrency? Buy Bitcoin on Binance!","Buy Bitcoin":"Buy Bitcoin","Was this article useful?":"Was this article useful?","{{count}} out of {{count}} people found this article useful.":"{{count}} out of {{count}} people found this article useful.","Yes":"Yes","No":"No","No noise. Just signal.":"No noise. Just signal.","Sign up for our weekly newsletter. We promise we don't spam!":"Sign up for our weekly newsletter. We promise we don't spam!","Your email":"Your email","Sign up":"Sign up","Explore all of our content":"Explore all of our content","Related topics":"Related topics","Share":"Share","Table of Contents":"Table of Contents","Topics at Academy":"Topics at Academy","Search topics to add...":"Search topics to add...","Reading time":"Reading time","{{count}}m":"{{count}}m","Layout":"Layout","Sort by Latest":"Sort by Latest","Sort by Difficulty":"Sort by Difficulty","Latest":"Latest","Read more":"Read more","See all results for your search":"See all results for your search","{{count}} results for '{{term}}'":"{{count}} results for '{{term}}'","Topics":"Topics","Difficulty":"Difficulty","Type":"Type","Glossary entries":"Glossary entries","Courses":"Courses","Hide filters":"Hide filters","Show filters":"Show filters","Refresh results":"Refresh results","Clear all filters":"Clear all filters","Show off your crypto knowledge":"Show off your crypto knowledge","Try out Academy Quizzes":"Try out Academy Quizzes","Phishing quiz":"Phishing quiz","Glossary quiz":"Glossary quiz","Bitcoin history quiz":"Bitcoin history quiz","We're working on getting more quizzes ready.":"We're working on getting more quizzes ready.","While you're waiting, why not check out our latest content?":"While you're waiting, why not check out our latest content?","Cryptocurrencies have brought lots of exciting possibilities, but they are full of risks and dangers for the inexperienced.":"Cryptocurrencies have brought lots of exciting possibilities, but they are full of risks and dangers for the inexperienced.","How well do you know the origins of Bitcoin and its journey since inception? Take the Binance Academy Bitcoin History quiz to find out how much you know!":"How well do you know the origins of Bitcoin and its journey since inception? Take the Binance Academy Bitcoin History quiz to find out how much you know!","Think you know crypto? Take our crypto glossary quiz.":"Think you know crypto? Take our crypto glossary quiz.","Take the quiz":"Take the quiz","This quiz has {{count}} questions.":"This quiz has {{count}} questions.","I am a complete beginner and just started exploring Binance Academy. Let me test my basic knowledge":"I am a complete beginner and just started exploring Binance Academy. Let me test my basic knowledge","I am a frequent visitor of Binance Academy and am quite familiar with some terms, but still on my path to true knowledge.":"I am a frequent visitor of Binance Academy and am quite familiar with some terms, but still on my path to true knowledge.","I have learned enough at Binance Academy. My knowledge base is wide and I feel ready to be challenged.":"I have learned enough at Binance Academy. My knowledge base is wide and I feel ready to be challenged.","Select a suitable level of difficulty.":"Select a suitable level of difficulty.","Q{{count}}/{{count}}":"Q{{count}}/{{count}}","Phishing":"Phishing","Legitimate":"Legitimate","Quizzes":"Quizzes","Quiz difficulty selection":"Quiz difficulty selection","LEARN ALL ABOUT":"LEARN ALL ABOUT","Blockchain \u0026 Crypto":"Blockchain \u0026 Crypto","Your one-stop guide to all things crypto. Whether you're a rookie trying to understand mining or a veteran looking to develop a trading strategy, we've got you covered.":"Your one-stop guide to all things crypto. Whether you're a rookie trying to understand mining or a veteran looking to develop a trading strategy, we've got you covered.","Featured":"Featured","Beginner":"Beginner","Intermediate":"Intermediate","Advanced":"Advanced","{{count}} minutes":"{{count}} minutes","{{count}} minutes ago":"{{count}} minutes ago","{{count}} hours ago":"{{count}} hours ago","{{count}} days ago":"{{count}} days ago","Latest releases":"Latest releases","SEE ALL LATEST RELEASES":"SEE ALL LATEST RELEASES","Full definition":"Full definition","Glossary addition":"Glossary addition","Explore all the latest content":"Explore all the latest content","Lost in all the crypto slang?":"Lost in all the crypto slang?","Take a closer look at our blockchain \u0026 crypto glossary.":"Take a closer look at our blockchain \u0026 crypto glossary.","Check out Glossary":"Check out Glossary","Up for an adventure?":"Up for an adventure?","Learn while you test your knowledge with a range of quizzes.":"Learn while you test your knowledge with a range of quizzes.","Take a crypto quiz":"Take a crypto quiz","Trading":"Trading","SEE ALL TRADING CONTENT":"SEE ALL TRADING CONTENT","See more content about this topic":"See more content about this topic","No idea what you just scrolled through?":"No idea what you just scrolled through?","Not to worry. Our no-nonsense beginner's guide will get you up to speed.":"Not to worry. Our no-nonsense beginner's guide will get you up to speed.","Get started here":"Get started here","Essentials":"Essentials","SEE ALL ESSENTIALS CONTENT":"SEE ALL ESSENTIALS CONTENT","Blockchain":"Blockchain","SEE ALL BLOCKCHAIN CONTENT":"SEE ALL BLOCKCHAIN CONTENT","Keep an eye on Bitcoin":"Keep an eye on Bitcoin","Every four years, the Bitcoin rewards are slashed in half. Find out why on the Halving page.":"Every four years, the Bitcoin rewards are slashed in half. Find out why on the Halving page.","Bitcoin halving page":"Bitcoin halving page","Got questions?":"Got questions?","We totally understand. That's why we've built a platform to answer them.":"We totally understand. That's why we've built a platform to answer them.","Go to Ask Academy":"Go to Ask Academy","Guides":"Guides","SEE ALL GUIDES":"SEE ALL GUIDES","Weekly pick":"Weekly pick","{{count}}":"{{count}}","That's the number of terms in our glossary. How many do you know?":"That's the number of terms in our glossary. How many do you know?","Search glossary":"Search glossary","Get the latest in crypto dropped to your email, every week.":"Get the latest in crypto dropped to your email, every week.","Glossary":"Glossary","The Words of Crypto":"The Words of Crypto","Time to understand the language":"Time to understand the language","Search terms here...":"Search terms here...","Can't find what you're looking for?":"Can't find what you're looking for?","Whoops. Our bad. Please help us make our glossary better by submitting new terms.":"Whoops. Our bad. Please help us make our glossary better by submitting new terms.","Submit terms":"Submit terms","Community submission":"Community submission","Author:":"Author:","Start here":"Start here","Discover":"Discover","Log In":"Log In","Register":"Register","Search":"Search","Ask Academy":"Ask Academy","Blockchain forum and Q\u0026A":"Blockchain forum and Q\u0026A","Crypto-terms glossary":"Crypto-terms glossary","Test your knowledge":"Test your knowledge","Have a product idea or feedback?":"Have a product idea or feedback?","Contribute":"Contribute","New to Crypto?":"New to Crypto?","See our beginner content.":"See our beginner content.","Products":"Products","Exchange":"Exchange","Access":"Access","Academy":"Academy","BCF":"BCF","Card":"Card","Labs":"Labs","Launchpad":"Launchpad","Research":"Research","Trust Wallet":"Trust Wallet","Company":"Company","Terms \u0026 Conditions":"Terms \u0026 Conditions","Privacy Policy":"Privacy Policy","Disclaimer":"Disclaimer","Content Request":"Content Request","Submission Guide":"Submission Guide","Feedback":"Feedback","Bitcoin Halving Countdown":"Bitcoin Halving Countdown","Bitcoin Halving Timer":"Bitcoin Halving Timer","Days":"Days","Hours":"Hours","Minutes":"Minutes","Seconds":"Seconds","Current block height":"Current block height","Blocks until halving":"Blocks until halving","BTC Price":"BTC Price","Buy Bitcoin on Binance":"Buy Bitcoin on Binance","Detailed datasheet":"Detailed datasheet","Total BTC in circulation":"Total BTC in circulation","Total BTC to ever be produced":"Total BTC to ever be produced","Percentage of BTC mined":"Percentage of BTC mined","BTC left to mine until halving":"BTC left to mine until halving","BTC market cap (USD)":"BTC market cap (USD)","BTC generated each day":"BTC generated each day","BTC annual inflation rate":"BTC annual inflation rate","BTC daily inflation":"BTC daily inflation","Approximate block time":"Approximate block time","Mining difficulty":"Mining difficulty","Hash rate":"Hash rate","Community":"Community","{{count}}h ago":"{{count}}h ago","{{count}}d ago":"{{count}}d ago","{{count}}w ago":"{{count}}w ago","Crypto \u0026 Blockchain Education | Blockchain Course":"Crypto \u0026 Blockchain Education | Blockchain Course","Blockchain and crypto asset exchange":"Blockchain and crypto asset exchange","Blockchain and crypto education":"Blockchain and crypto education","Blockchain charity foundation":"Blockchain charity foundation","Cryptocurrency Information":"Cryptocurrency Information","Incubator for top blockchain projects":"Incubator for top blockchain projects","Institutional-grade analysis and reports":"Institutional-grade analysis and reports","Binance's official crypto wallet":"Binance's official crypto wallet","Token Launch Platform":"Token Launch Platform","Binance Academy's Blockchain and Crypto Glossary is the authoritative source for terminology and definitions of the blockchain and cryptocurrency world":"Binance Academy's Blockchain and Crypto Glossary is the authoritative source for terminology and definitions of the blockchain and cryptocurrency world","Learn about blockchain, cryptocurrency, security, technology and more with entirely free videos, articles, and online courses all on Binance Academy.":"Learn about blockchain, cryptocurrency, security, technology and more with entirely free videos, articles, and online courses all on Binance Academy.","Interested in learning about blockchain, cryptocurrency, security, technology, or following along with tutorials? Binance Academy has all that and more!":"Interested in learning about blockchain, cryptocurrency, security, technology, or following along with tutorials? Binance Academy has all that and more!","Binance Academy playlists provide content from beginner to advanced, you can follow along curated list of articles designed to make it easy to understand":"Binance Academy playlists provide content from beginner to advanced, you can follow along curated list of articles designed to make it easy to understand","The bitcoin block reward halving occurs once every 4 years on average, learn the significance of the bitcoin halving and when the next one will occur.":"The bitcoin block reward halving occurs once every 4 years on average, learn the significance of the bitcoin halving and when the next one will occur.","Want to test yourself? Check out Binance Academy Quizzes and test how much you have learned about Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Security, and Economics.":"Want to test yourself? Check out Binance Academy Quizzes and test how much you have learned about Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Security, and Economics.","Looks like you don't have an internet connection.":"Looks like you don't have an internet connection.","Binance Academy is currently under maintenance.":"Binance Academy is currently under maintenance.","We'll be right back!":"We'll be right back!","In the meantime, take a look at some of our videos.":"In the meantime, take a look at some of our videos.","Search results for":"Search results for","No results found.":"No results found.","Ask a new question":"Ask a new question","asked by":"asked by","Latest questions":"Latest questions","Trending":"Trending","New":"New","Solved":"Solved","All":"All","Open":"Open","Find existing answers":"Find existing answers","Title must be 10 or more characters":"Title must be 10 or more characters","You will not be able to edit your title after posting":"You will not be able to edit your title after posting","Title...":"Title...","Enter your question here":"Enter your question here","Post question":"Post question","Answers":"Answers","Enter your answer or comment here...":"Enter your answer or comment 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