CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Robert Woodward – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )plwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","styczeń","luty","marzec","kwiecień","maj","czerwiec","lipiec","sierpień","wrzesień","październik","listopad","grudzień"],"wgRequestId":"08600d53-4d1b-468f-8d91-cdb8fb88bca9","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Robert_Woodward","wgTitle":"Robert Woodward","wgCurRevisionId":73992498,"wgRevisionId":73992498,"wgArticleId":761759,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Szablon IPA do sprawdzenia","Absolwenci Massachusetts Institute of Technology","Amerykańscy chemicy","Nobliści – chemia","Urodzeni w 1917","Zmarli w 1979","Ludzie urodzeni w Bostonie","Laureaci Medalu Copleya","Laureaci National Medal of Science"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Robert_Woodward","wgRelevantArticleId":761759,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":73992498,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q232316","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.wikiflex":"ready","ext.gadget.infobox":"ready","ext.gadget.hlist":"ready","ext.gadget.darkmode-overrides":"ready","ext.gadget.small-references":"ready","ext.gadget.citation-access-info":"ready","ext.gadget.sprawdz-problemy-szablony":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready", "ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ll-script-loader","ext.gadget.veKeepParameters","ext.gadget.szablon-galeria","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.citoid-overrides","ext.gadget.maps","ext.gadget.padlock-indicators","ext.gadget.interwiki-langlist","ext.gadget.edit-summaries","ext.gadget.edit-first-section","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.map-toggler","ext.gadget.narrowFootnoteColumns","ext.gadget.WDsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.gadget.citation-access-info%2Cdarkmode-overrides%2Chlist%2Cinfobox%2Csmall-references%2Csprawdz-problemy-szablony%2Cwikiflex&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg/1200px-Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="802"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg/800px-Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="534"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg/640px-Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Robert Woodward – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodward"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edytuj" href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (pl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodward"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Kanał Atom Wikipedii" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Robert_Woodward rootpage-Robert_Woodward skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Przejdź do zawartości</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu główne" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu główne</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu główne</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nawigacja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Przejdź na stronę główną [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Strona główna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Losowa_strona" title="Załaduj losową stronę [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Losuj artykuł</span></a></li><li id="n-Kategorie" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kategorie_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne"><span>Kategorie artykułów</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured-articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wyr%C3%B3%C5%BCniona_zawarto%C5%9B%C4%87_Wikipedii"><span>Najlepsze artykuły</span></a></li><li id="n-FAQ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:FAQ"><span>Częste pytania (FAQ)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-zmiany" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-zmiany" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla czytelników </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-czytelnicy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii"><span>O Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_z_wikipedystami"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-edytorzy" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-edytorzy" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla wikipedystów </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-pierwsze-kroki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki"><span>Pierwsze kroki</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_wikipedyst%C3%B3w" title="O projekcie – co możesz zrobić, gdzie możesz znaleźć informacje"><span>Portal wikipedystów</span></a></li><li id="n-Noticeboard" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tablica_og%C5%82osze%C5%84"><span>Ogłoszenia</span></a></li><li id="n-Guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Zasady"><span>Zasady</span></a></li><li id="n-helppage-name" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Spis_tre%C5%9Bci"><span>Pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany" title="Lista ostatnich zmian w Wikipedii. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Robert+Woodward&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Robert+Woodward&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Zaloguj się</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia osobiste</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl"><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Robert+Woodward&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Utwórz konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Robert+Woodward&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Życie_prywatne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życie_prywatne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Życie prywatne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Życie_prywatne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Woodward</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 64 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="روبرت وودورد – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت وودورد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_B%C3%B6rns_Vudvord" title="Robert Börns Vudvord – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Robert Börns Vudvord" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="رابرت وودوارد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رابرت وودوارد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="রবার্ট বার্নস উডওয়ার্ড – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রবার্ট বার্নস উডওয়ার্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Роберт Бёрнс Вудвард – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роберт Бёрнс Вудвард" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Робърт Бърнс Удуърд – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Робърт Бърнс Удуърд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_B._Woodward" title="Robert B. Woodward – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert B. Woodward" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Robert Woodward" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Ρόμπερτ Μπερνς Γούντγουορντ – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρόμπερτ Μπερνς Γούντγουορντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="رابرت وودوارد – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت وودوارد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – szkocki gaelicki" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="szkocki gaelicki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B2%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C%EC%9B%8C%EB%93%9C" title="로버트 번스 우드워드 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 번스 우드워드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D4%B2%D5%A8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%BD_%D5%8E%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Ռոբերտ Բըրնս Վուդվորդ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբերտ Բըրնս Վուդվորդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93" title="רוברט ברנס וודוורד – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט ברנס וודוורד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Роберт Бёрнс Вудворд – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Роберт Бёрнс Вудворд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Robert Woodward" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertus_Burns_Woodward" title="Robertus Burns Woodward – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Robertus Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert Woodward" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="रॉबर्ट बर्न्स वुडवर्ड – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रॉबर्ट बर्न्स वुडवर्ड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="რობერტ ბერნს ვუდვორდი – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რობერტ ბერნს ვუდვორდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="روبرت وودورد – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت وودورد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="رابرت وودوارد – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رابرت وودوارد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Robert Woodward" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="ロバート・バーンズ・ウッドワード – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・バーンズ・ウッドワード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D9%88%DA%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88" title="رابرٹ وڈورڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رابرٹ وڈورڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Вудворд, Роберт Бёрнс – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вудворд, Роберт Бёрнс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Woodward" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Berns_Vudvard" title="Robert Berns Vudvard – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Robert Berns Vudvard" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Woodward" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="இராபர்ட் பர்ன்சு உட்வார்ட் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இராபர்ட் பர்ன்சு உட்வார்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Роберт Бөрнс Вудвард – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Роберт Бөрнс Вудвард" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Robert Woodward" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Роберт Бернс Вудворд – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Бернс Вудворд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88" title="رابرٹ برن ودورڈ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رابرٹ برن ودورڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%BE%B7" title="罗伯特·伯恩斯·伍德沃德 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗伯特·伯恩斯·伍德沃德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Robert Burns Woodward" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%94%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%A6%BE%E7%8D%B2%E7%89%B9" title="羅拔·伯恩斯·禾獲特 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅拔·伯恩斯·禾獲特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%BE%B7" title="罗伯特·伯恩斯·伍德沃德 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗伯特·伯恩斯·伍德沃德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232316#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Robert_Woodward" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Robert_Woodward" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Robert_Woodward" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&oldid=73992498" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Robert_Woodward&id=73992498&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DRobert_Woodward%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DRobert_Woodward%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Robert+Woodward"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Robert_Woodward&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_Burns_Woodward" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232316" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#629ed0; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Robert Woodward</div><div class="iboxt-2">Robert Burns Woodward</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Woodward (1965)"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg/240px-Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg/360px-Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg/480px-Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2087" data-file-height="1394" /></a></span><br />Robert Woodward (1965) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Państwo działania </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">10 kwietnia 1917</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce śmierci </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">8 lipca 1979</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Massachusetts)" title="Cambridge (Massachusetts)">Cambridge</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:LightBlue; color:black; text-align:center; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:3px;">Specjalność: <a href="/wiki/Chemia" title="Chemia">chemia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater" title="Alma Mater">Alma Mater</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b>Nagrody</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_chemii" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii">Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie chemii</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/30px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/45px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/60px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="923" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya">Medal Copleya</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_Burns_Woodward" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Robert Burns Woodward">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Burns Woodward</b> (wym. <span title="To jest transkrypcja fonetyczna IPA" class="IPA nounderlines" style="font-family: 'Cambria','DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_alfabet_fonetyczny" title="Międzynarodowy alfabet fonetyczny">/</a><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_zwarta_dwuwargowa_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska zwarta dwuwargowa dźwięczna">b</a><a href="/wiki/Samog%C5%82oska_p%C3%B3%C5%82otwarta_centralna_niezaokr%C4%85glona" title="Samogłoska półotwarta centralna niezaokrąglona">ɜ</a><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_dr%C5%BC%C4%85ca_dzi%C4%85s%C5%82owa_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska drżąca dziąsłowa dźwięczna">r</a><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_nosowa_dzi%C4%85s%C5%82owa_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska nosowa dziąsłowa dźwięczna">n</a><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_szczelinowa_dzi%C4%85s%C5%82owa_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska szczelinowa dziąsłowa dźwięczna">z</a> <a href="/wiki/Akcent_wyrazowy" title="Akcent wyrazowy">ˈ</a><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_p%C3%B3%C5%82otwarta_wargowo-mi%C4%99kkopodniebienna" title="Spółgłoska półotwarta wargowo-miękkopodniebienna">w</a><a href="/wiki/Samog%C5%82oska_prawie_przymkni%C4%99ta_tylna_scentralizowana_zaokr%C4%85glona" title="Samogłoska prawie przymknięta tylna scentralizowana zaokrąglona">ʊ</a><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_zwarta_dzi%C4%85s%C5%82owa_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska zwarta dziąsłowa dźwięczna">d</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_p%C3%B3%C5%82otwarta_wargowo-mi%C4%99kkopodniebienna" title="Spółgłoska półotwarta wargowo-miękkopodniebienna">w</a><a href="/wiki/Szwa" title="Szwa">ə</a><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_dr%C5%BC%C4%85ca_dzi%C4%85s%C5%82owa_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska drżąca dziąsłowa dźwięczna">r</a><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_zwarta_dzi%C4%85s%C5%82owa_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska zwarta dziąsłowa dźwięczna">d</a><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_alfabet_fonetyczny" title="Międzynarodowy alfabet fonetyczny">/</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>; ur. <a href="/wiki/10_kwietnia" title="10 kwietnia">10 kwietnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a> w <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Bostonie</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/8_lipca" title="8 lipca">8 lipca</a> <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> w <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Massachusetts)" title="Cambridge (Massachusetts)">Cambridge</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-1">[1]</a></sup>) – <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">amerykański</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemia_organiczna" title="Chemia organiczna">chemik organik</a>, laureat <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla">Nagrody Nobla</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Biografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zajmował się chemią organiczną, m.in. syntezą totalną związków pochodzenia naturalnego. Prowadził także badania nad ustaleniem struktury produktów naturalnych m.in. <a href="/wiki/Penicyliny" title="Penicyliny">penicyliny</a> (1944), <a href="/wiki/Strychnina" title="Strychnina">strychniny</a> (1947), <a href="/wiki/Ferrocen" title="Ferrocen">ferrocenu</a> (1952). Opisał zależność <a href="/wiki/Spektroskopia_UV" class="mw-redirect" title="Spektroskopia UV">spektroskopii UV</a> i struktury <a href="/wiki/Keton" class="mw-redirect" title="Keton">ketonów</a> (tzw. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regu%C5%82y_Woodwarda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reguły Woodwarda (strona nie istnieje)">reguły Woodwarda</a>). W 1953 opisał teoretycznie biogenezę cholesterolu. W 1964 opracował <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regu%C5%82a_oktant%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reguła oktantów (strona nie istnieje)">regułę oktantów</a>. Współpracował blisko z <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roaldem Hoffmanem</a> nad teoretycznymi badaniami reakcji chemicznych (obaj określili tzw. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regu%C5%82y_Woodwarda-Hoffmana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reguły Woodwarda-Hoffmana (strona nie istnieje)">reguły Woodwarda-Hoffmana</a>). Wraz z współpracownikami opracował m.in. syntezę totalną <a href="/wiki/Chinina" title="Chinina">chininy</a> (1944), <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">cholesterolu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kortyzon" title="Kortyzon">kortyzonu</a> (1951), <a href="/wiki/Lanosterol" title="Lanosterol">lanosterolu</a> (1954), <a href="/wiki/Rezerpina" title="Rezerpina">rezerpiny</a> (1956), <a href="/wiki/Chlorofile" title="Chlorofile">chlorofilu</a> (1960), <a href="/wiki/Tetracyklina" title="Tetracyklina">tetracykliny</a> (1962), <a href="/wiki/Cefalosporyny" title="Cefalosporyny">cefalosporyny</a> C (1965) i <a href="/wiki/Witamina_B12" title="Witamina B12">witaminy B12</a> (1976). W <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a> roku zdobył <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_chemii" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie chemii">Nagrodę Nobla w dziedzinie chemii</a> <i>za osiągnięcia w dziedzinie syntezy organicznej</i>. Studia chemiczne w MIT ukończył w 1936, a już rok później uzyskał stopień doktora. </p><p>Laureat <a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya">Medalu Copleya</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życie_prywatne"><span id=".C5.BBycie_prywatne"></span>Życie prywatne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życie prywatne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życie prywatne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Woodward słynął z zamiłowania do niebieskiego koloru (nosił niebieskie garnitury i krawaty, jeździł niebieskim samochodem), był też nałogowym palaczem (palił w laboratorium i podczas wykładów). Był dwukrotnie żonaty: z Irją Pullmann (1937–1946) i Eudoxią Muller (1946–1972), miał czworo dzieci. </p><p>Zmarł w 1979 roku w czasie snu z powodu <a href="/wiki/Zawa%C5%82_mi%C4%99%C5%9Bnia_sercowego" title="Zawał mięśnia sercowego">ataku serca</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Burns-Woodward"><i>Robert Burns Woodward</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-02-19]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Robert+Burns+Woodward&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%27%27%5B%5BEncyklopedia+Britannica%7CEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%5D%5D%27%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FRobert-Burns-Woodward" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/woodward?s=t">Wymowa imienia i nazwiska</a>. [w:] <i>dictionary.com</i> [on-line]. [dostęp 2021-02-19]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>O. T. Benfey,P. J. T. Morris, "Robert Burns Woodward. Architect and artist in the world of molecules", Chemical Heritage Foundation, Philadelphia 2001</li> <li>M. E. Bowden, T. Benfey, "Robert Burns Woodward and the art of organic synthesis", The Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry, Philadelphia 1992</li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background:#ccf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar{font-weight:normal;font-size:xx-small;white-space:nowrap;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.tnavbar{margin-left:1em;float:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .below>hr+.tnavbar{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox .below>.tnavbar:before{content:"Ten szablon: "}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar li:after{content:" · "}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .navbox hr{margin:0.2em 1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .title{background:#ddf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content:not(.grupa-szablonów-nawigacyjnych){margin-top:2px;padding:0;font-size:smaller;overflow:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox .above+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .above+.navbox-main-content,.mw-parser-output .navbox .below,.mw-parser-output .navbox .title+.grid{margin-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below{background:#ddf;text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.before,.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.after{align-self:center;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.navbox-main-content{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .before{margin-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .after{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.opis{text-align:right;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.opis+.spis{border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff);text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td:first-child{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.navbox-odd,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.navbox-even{padding:0 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr+tr>th,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr+tr>td{border-top:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>th+td{border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns{table-layout:fixed}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td{padding:0;border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff);border-right:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr+tr>td{border-top:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th:first-child,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td:first-child{border-left:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th:last-child,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td:last-child{border-right:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>dl{text-align:left;column-width:24em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+table{margin-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>.opis,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>.spis{padding:0.1em 1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div.mw-collapsible>.mw-collapsible-toggle{width:4em;text-align:right;margin-right:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.fakebar,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div.mw-collapsible>.fakebar{float:left;width:4em;height:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background:#ddf;padding:0 1em;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .opis{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .navbox-even,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .navbox-odd{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .navbox-odd,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .navbox-even{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+div{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox p{margin:0;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:gold}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:silver}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#c96}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>ol{column-width:24em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox ul{list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .navbox .references{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist li{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox .rok{display:inline-block;width:4em;padding-right:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-statistics{margin-top:2px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:small}.mw-parser-output .navbox-summary>.title{font-weight:bold;font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.grupa-szablonów) .navbox{margin:0;border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.grupa-szablonów>.grupa-szablonów-nawigacyjnych>.navbox:first-child{margin-top:2px}@media(max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex>.before,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex>.after{display:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis img,.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis .flagicon,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption>.flagicon,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption>.image{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Nobel_Chemia" title="Szablon:Nobel Chemia"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Nobel_Chemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Nobel Chemia (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Nobel_Chemia&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_chemii" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii">Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_van_%E2%80%99t_Hoff" title="Jacobus van ’t Hoff">van ’t Hoff</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Baeyer</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie" title="Maria Skłodowska-Curie">Skłodowska-Curie</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Sabatier</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Werner</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Richards</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Martin_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Martin Willstätter">Willstätter</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Nernst</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Aston</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Svedberg</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wieland" title="Heinrich Wieland">Wieland</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Windaus</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">von Euler-Chelpin</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Urey</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">F. Joliot-Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I. Joliot-Curie</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Ružička</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_von_Hevesy" title="György von Hevesy">de Hevesy</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Virtanen" title="Artturi Virtanen">Virtanen</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/James_Sumner" title="James Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Stanley</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">Giauque</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Diels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg">Seaborg</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/R.L.M._Synge" title="R.L.M. Synge">Synge</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">du Vigneaud</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko%C5%82aj_Siemionow" title="Nikołaj Siemionow">Siemionow</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd">Todd</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Heyrovský</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Libby</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">Kendrew</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Ziegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a></li> <li>1965: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woodward</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Mulliken</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Norrish" title="Ronald Norrish">Norrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">Porter</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Leloir</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Anfinsen" title="Christian Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">Stein</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Fischer" title="Ernst Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Flory</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">Cornforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brown" title="Herbert Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Ken%E2%80%99ichi_Fukui" title="Ken’ichi Fukui">Fukui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hauptman" title="Herbert Hauptman">Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Robert_Herschbach" title="Dudley Robert Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lee" title="Yuan Lee">Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Cram" title="Donald Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pedersen" title="Charles Pedersen">Pedersen</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Cech</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Corey" title="Elias Corey">Corey</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ernst" title="Richard Ernst">Ernst</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Marcus" title="Rudolph Marcus">Marcus</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemik)" title="Michael Smith (chemik)">Smith</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Olah" title="George Olah">Olah</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Curl Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Boyer" title="Paul Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ernest_Walker" title="John Ernest Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Skou" title="Jens Skou">Skou</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">Pople</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewail</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Heeger" title="Alan Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Knowles" title="William Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dichi_Tanaka" title="Kōichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanower" title="Aaron Ciechanower">Ciechanower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awram_Herszko" title="Awram Herszko">Herszko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" title="Richard Schrock">Schrock</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg">Kornberg</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Tsien</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Steitz" title="Thomas Steitz">Steitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_Jonath" title="Ada Jonath">Jonath</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Heck" title="Richard Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiichi_Negishi" title="Eiichi Negishi">Negishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Szechtman" title="Dan Szechtman">Szechtman</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Levitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Warshel</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Betzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">Moerner</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Modrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Feringa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Sauvage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank"> Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_P._Smith" title="George P. Smith">Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_P._Winter" title="Gregory P. Winter">Winter</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">MacMillan</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Meldal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Bawendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brus" title="Louis Brus">Brus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksiej_Jekimow" title="Aleksiej Jekimow">Jekimow</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biolog)" title="David Baker (biolog)">Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Hassabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Jumper" title="John Jumper">Jumper</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NobelP2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/160px-NobelP2.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="542" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya_(XX_wiek)" title="Szablon:Laureaci Medalu Copleya (XX wiek)"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya_(XX_wiek)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci Medalu Copleya (XX wiek) (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya_(XX_wiek)&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya">Medalu Copleya</a> (XX wiek)</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister" title="Joseph Lister">Joseph Lister</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Suess" title="Eduard Suess">Eduard Suess</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendelejew" title="Dmitrij Mendelejew">Dmitrij Mendelejew</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Miecznikow" title="Ilja Miecznikow">Ilja Miecznikow</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson">Albert Michelson</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill" title="George William Hill">George William Hill</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/George_Darwin" title="George Darwin">George Darwin</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Lankester" title="Ray Lankester">Ray Lankester</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Paw%C5%82ow" title="Iwan Pawłow">Iwan Pawłow</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/wiki/James_Dewar" title="James Dewar">James Dewar</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux" title="Pierre Paul Émile Roux">Pierre Paul Émile Roux</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Maddock_Bayliss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Maddock Bayliss (strona nie istnieje)">William Maddock Bayliss</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Tabberer_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Tabberer Brown (strona nie istnieje)">Horace Tabberer Brown</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Larmor" title="Joseph Larmor">Joseph Larmor</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Lamb (strona nie istnieje)">Horace Lamb</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer">Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Frederick Hopkins</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">Charles Sherrington</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Parsons" title="Charles Parsons">Charles Parsons</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Schuster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Schuster (strona nie istnieje)">Arthur Schuster</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theobald_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theobald Smith (strona nie istnieje)">Theobald Smith</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">John Scott Haldane</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Evans" title="Arthur Evans">Arthur Evans</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a></li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Langevin" title="Paul Langevin">Paul Langevin</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lewis (strona nie istnieje)">Thomas Lewis</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robert Robinson</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Barcroft (strona nie istnieje)">Joseph Barcroft</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ingram_Taylor" title="Geoffrey Ingram Taylor">Geoffrey Ingram Taylor</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Avery" title="Oswald Avery">Oswald Avery</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Harold_Hardy" title="Godfrey Harold Hardy">Godfrey Harold Hardy</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">Archibald Vivian Hill</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Charles_De_Hevesy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Charles De Hevesy (strona nie istnieje)">George Charles De Hevesy</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/David_Keilin" title="David Keilin">David Keilin</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Kluyver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Kluyver (strona nie istnieje)">Albert Kluyver</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Whittaker" title="Edmund Whittaker">Edmund Whittaker</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Ronald Fisher</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood" title="John Edensor Littlewood">John Edensor Littlewood</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Macfarlane Burnet</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">Harold Jeffreys</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Adolf Krebs</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fildes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Fildes (strona nie istnieje)">Paul Fildes</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydney_Chapman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydney Chapman (strona nie istnieje)">Sydney Chapman</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Reichstein" title="Tadeusz Reichstein">Tadeusz Reichstein</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Robertus_Todd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Robertus Todd (strona nie istnieje)">Alexander Robertus Todd</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Pirie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Pirie (strona nie istnieje)">Norman Pirie</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">Andrew Fielding Huxley</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge (strona nie istnieje)">William Vallance Douglas Hodge</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></li> <li>1978: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Woodward</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derek_Harold_Richard_Barton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derek Harold Richard Barton (strona nie istnieje)">Derek Harold Richard Barton</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Peierls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Peierls (strona nie istnieje)">Rudolf Peierls</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hill_(biochemik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hill (biochemik) (strona nie istnieje)">Robert Hill</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Charles_Frank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Charles Frank (strona nie istnieje)">Frederick Charles Frank</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Fenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Fenner (strona nie istnieje)">Frank Fenner</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Cottrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Cottrell (strona nie istnieje)">Alan Cottrell</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">Hugh Huxley</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_James_Lighthill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael James Lighthill (strona nie istnieje)">Michael James Lighthill</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">John Maynard Smith</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rushton_Battersby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Rushton Battersby (strona nie istnieje)">Alan Rushton Battersby</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Copley_Medal_(obverse).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/100px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/150px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/200px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="923" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_National_Medal_of_Science_(lata_60._XX_w.)" title="Szablon:Laureaci National Medal of Science (lata 60. XX w.)"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_National_Medal_of_Science_(lata_60._XX_w.)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci National Medal of Science (lata 60. XX w.) (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_National_Medal_of_Science_(lata_60._XX_w.)&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (lata 60. XX w.)</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1962</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1963</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Walter Alvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Bernardus_van_Niel" title="Cornelis Bernardus van Niel">Cornelis Bernardus van Niel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Pierce" title="John R. Pierce">John R. Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1964</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Ammann" title="Othmar Ammann">Othmar Ammann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Stark Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neal_Elgar_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neal Elgar Miller (strona nie istnieje)">Neal Elgar Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Calvin_Marston_Morse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Calvin Marston Morse (strona nie istnieje)">Harold Calvin Marston Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Marshall Nirenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Harold Urey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Woodward</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1965</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Latimer_Dryden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Latimer Dryden (strona nie istnieje)">Hugh Latimer Dryden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Johnson" title="Clarence Johnson">Clarence Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Lederman" title="Leon Lederman">Leon Max Lederman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_K._Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warren K. Lewis (strona nie istnieje)">Warren K. Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis Peyton Rous</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Walden_Rubey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Walden Rubey (strona nie istnieje)">William Walden Rubey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George Gaylord Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_D._Van_Slyke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald D. Van Slyke (strona nie istnieje)">Donald D. Van Slyke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oscar_Zariski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oscar Zariski (strona nie istnieje)">Oscar Zariski</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1966</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Bjerknes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Bjerknes (strona nie istnieje)">Jacob Bjerknes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Eyring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Eyring (strona nie istnieje)">Henry Eyring</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_F._Knipling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward F. Knipling (strona nie istnieje)">Edward F. Knipling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lipmann" title="Fritz Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">John Willard Milnor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_C._Rose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William C. Rose (strona nie istnieje)">William C. Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_E._Shannon" title="Claude E. Shannon">Claude Elwood Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck van Vleck">John H. van Vleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zworykin" title="Vladimir Zworykin">Vladimir Zworykin</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a6"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1967</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesse_Beams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesse Beams (strona nie istnieje)">Jesse Beams</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Francis_Birch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Francis Birch (strona nie istnieje)">Albert Francis Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Breit" title="Gregory Breit">Gregory Breit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen" title="Paul Cohen">Paul Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Stewart_Cole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Stewart Cole (strona nie istnieje)">Kenneth Stewart Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Plack_Hammett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Plack Hammett (strona nie istnieje)">Louis Plack Hammett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Harlow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Harlow (strona nie istnieje)">Harry Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Heidelberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Heidelberger (strona nie istnieje)">Michael Heidelberger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Bogdan_Kistiakowsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Bogdan Kistiakowsky (strona nie istnieje)">George Bogdan Kistiakowsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Herbert_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Herbert Land (strona nie istnieje)">Edwin Herbert Land</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igor_Iwanowitsch_Sikorski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igor Iwanowitsch Sikorski (strona nie istnieje)">Igor Iwanowitsch Sikorski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sturtevant" title="Alfred Sturtevant">Alfred Sturtevant</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a7"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1968</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Albert_Barker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Albert Barker (strona nie istnieje)">Horace Albert Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_D._Bartlett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul D. Bartlett (strona nie istnieje)">Paul D. Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Brodie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Brodie (strona nie istnieje)">Bernard Brodie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Detlev_Bronk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detlev Bronk (strona nie istnieje)">Detlev Bronk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Presper_Eckert" title="John Presper Eckert">John Presper Eckert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Friedman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Friedman (strona nie istnieje)">Herbert Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Lush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jay Lush (strona nie istnieje)">Jay Lush</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathan_M._Newmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathan M. Newmark (strona nie istnieje)">Nathan M. Newmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Sp%C5%82awa-Neyman" title="Jerzy Spława-Neyman">Jerzy Spława-Neyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrhus_Frederic_Skinner" title="Burrhus Frederic Skinner">Burrhus Frederic Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Paul Wigner</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a8"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1969</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Charles_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Charles Brown (strona nie istnieje)">Herbert Charles Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Feller" title="William Feller">William Feller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_J._Huebner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert J. Huebner (strona nie istnieje)">Robert J. Huebner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Jack Kilby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Panofsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Panofsky (strona nie istnieje)">Wolfgang Panofsky</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:National_Medal_of_Science.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/National_Medal_of_Science.jpg/100px-National_Medal_of_Science.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/National_Medal_of_Science.jpg/150px-National_Medal_of_Science.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/National_Medal_of_Science.jpg/200px-National_Medal_of_Science.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="594" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Cz%C5%82owiek_roku_tygodnika_Time" title="Szablon:Człowiek roku tygodnika Time"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Cz%C5%82owiek_roku_tygodnika_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Człowiek roku tygodnika Time (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Cz%C5%82owiek_roku_tygodnika_Time&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Cz%C5%82owiek_Roku_tygodnika_%E2%80%9ETime%E2%80%9D" title="Człowiek Roku tygodnika „Time”">Ludzie roku tygodnika „Time”</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Chrysler</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Young" title="Owen Young">Young</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Samuel_Johnson" title="Hugh Samuel Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Hajle_Syllasje_I" title="Hajle Syllasje I">Hajle Syllasje I</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Simpson</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Czang_Kaj-szek" title="Czang Kaj-szek">Czang</a> i <a href="/wiki/Song_Meiling" title="Song Meiling">Song</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Stalin" title="Józef Stalin">Stalin</a></li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Stalin" title="Józef Stalin">Stalin</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" title="Harry Truman">Truman</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Byrnes" title="James Francis Byrnes">Byrnes</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" title="Harry Truman">Truman</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Żołnierz Amerykański</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mosaddegh</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_II" title="Elżbieta II">Elżbieta II</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">Dulles</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Harlow_Curtice" title="Harlow Curtice">Curtice</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Powstanie_w%C4%99gierskie_1956" title="Powstanie węgierskie 1956">Węgierski Powstaniec</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Chruszczow" title="Nikita Chruszczow">Chruszczow</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Naukowiec" title="Naukowiec">Amerykańscy naukowcy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Glaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Libby</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes">Townes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">Van Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></li></ul></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Jan_XXIII" title="Jan XXIII">Jan XXIII</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" title="Martin Luther King">Luther King</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">Westmoreland</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Wy%C5%BC_demograficzny" title="Wyż demograficzny">Generacja Twenty-Five & Under</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Borman</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Lovell" title="James Lovell">Lovell</a> i <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">Anders</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Amerykanie" title="Amerykanie">Amerykanie z klasy średniej</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a> i <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/John_Sirica" title="John Sirica">Sirica</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Fajsal_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz_Al_Su%E2%80%99ud" title="Fajsal ibn Abd al-Aziz Al Su’ud">Król Fajsal</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Amerykanie" title="Amerykanie">Amerykanki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Hills" title="Carla Hills">Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Charline_Jordan" title="Barbara Charline Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susie_Sharp" title="Susie Sharp">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Conway" title="Jill Conway">Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Brownmiller" title="Susan Brownmiller">Brownmiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addie_Wyatt" title="Addie Wyatt">Wyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Byerly" title="Kathleen Byerly">Byerly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Sutton" title="Carol Sutton">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Cheek" title="Alison Cheek">Cheek</a></li></ul></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_as-Sadat" title="Anwar as-Sadat">Sadat</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Chomejni" title="Ruhollah Chomejni">Ajatollah Chomejni</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Wałęsa</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Komputer_osobisty" title="Komputer osobisty">Komputer</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jurij_Andropow" title="Jurij Andropow">Andropow</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Ueberroth</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Aquino</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Michai%C5%82_Gorbaczow" title="Michaił Gorbaczow">Gorbaczow</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Ziemia" title="Ziemia">Zagrożona Ziemia</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Michai%C5%82_Gorbaczow" title="Michaił Gorbaczow">Gorbaczow</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/George_H.W._Bush" title="George H.W. Bush">George H.W. Bush</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner_(przedsi%C4%99biorca)" title="Ted Turner (przedsiębiorca)">Turner</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk">de Klerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasir_Arafat" title="Jasir Arafat">Arafat</a> i <a href="/wiki/Icchak_Rabin" title="Icchak Rabin">Rabin</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Pawe%C5%82_II" title="Jan Paweł II">Jan Paweł II</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/David_Ho" title="David Ho">Ho</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Grove</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Starr" title="Kenneth Starr">Starr</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Bezos</a> i <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Giuliani</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper" title="Cynthia Cooper">Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherron_Watkins" title="Sherron Watkins">Watkins</a> i <a href="/wiki/Coleen_Rowley" title="Coleen Rowley">Rowley</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Żołnierz Amerykański</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">W. Bush</a></li> <li>2005: Miłosierni Samarytanie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">B. Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gates" title="Melinda Gates">M. Gates</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006: „Ty”</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adimir_Putin" title="Władimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Bernanke</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Zuckerberg</a></li> <li>2011: Protestujący człowiek</li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Franciszek_(papie%C5%BC)" title="Franciszek (papież)">Franciszek</a></li> <li>2014: Walczący z <a href="/wiki/Wirus_Ebola" title="Wirus Ebola">Ebolą</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Merkel</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Me_Too_(ruch)" title="Me Too (ruch)">Osoby, które przerwały milczenie</a></li> <li>2018: Strażnicy <small>(Zamordowani i szykanowani dziennikarze)</small></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Thunberg</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Musk</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Wo%C5%82odymyr_Ze%C5%82enski" title="Wołodymyr Zełenski">Zełenski</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ukrai%C5%84cy" title="Ukraińcy">Duch Ukrainy</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Swift</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109657250">0000000109657250</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/40246681">40246681</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n82125720">n82125720</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/121887669">121887669</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00461430">00461430</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/c9psw6ww0k1v4fk">c9psw6ww0k1v4fk</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12432479m">12432479m</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/085490415">085490415</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/nlk20010092610">nlk20010092610</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1496575">XX1496575</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p134318196">134318196</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90080065">90080065</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="jp:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01510410">DA01510410</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1767925A">OL1767925A</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812831482205606">9812831482205606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%202008073879">n2008073879</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007272391305171">987007272391305171</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000071956&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000071956</a></span></li><li><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONOR" class="extiw" title="sl:CONOR">CONOR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.si/opac7/conor/212672611">212672611</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Korei" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Korei">KRNLK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librarian.nl.go.kr/LI/contents/L20101000000.do?id=KAC202191281">KAC202191281</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3997962.html">3997962</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Burns-Woodward">biography/Robert-Burns-Woodward</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/robert-burns-woodward">robert-burns-woodward</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/robert-burns-woodward/">robert-burns-woodward</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/robert-burns-woodward">robert-burns-woodward</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Robert_Burns_Woodward">Robert_Burns_Woodward</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">VLE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/robert-burns-woodward/">robert-burns-woodward</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0072396.xml">0072396</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Robert_Burns_Woodward">Robert_Burns_Woodward</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=66347">66347</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div>Identyfikatory zewnętrzne:</div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1153" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1153">Scopus</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=15621622000">15621622000</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&oldid=73992498">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&oldid=73992498</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Absolwenci_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Kategoria:Absolwenci Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Absolwenci Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ameryka%C5%84scy_chemicy" title="Kategoria:Amerykańscy chemicy">Amerykańscy chemicy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Nobli%C5%9Bci_%E2%80%93_chemia" title="Kategoria:Nobliści – chemia">Nobliści – chemia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Urodzeni_w_1917" title="Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1917">Urodzeni w 1917</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Zmarli_w_1979" title="Kategoria:Zmarli w 1979">Zmarli w 1979</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ludzie_urodzeni_w_Bostonie" title="Kategoria:Ludzie urodzeni w Bostonie">Ludzie urodzeni w Bostonie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya" title="Kategoria:Laureaci Medalu Copleya">Laureaci Medalu Copleya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Laureaci_National_Medal_of_Science" title="Kategoria:Laureaci National Medal of Science">Laureaci National Medal of Science</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryta kategoria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablon_IPA_do_sprawdzenia" title="Kategoria:Szablon IPA do sprawdzenia">Szablon IPA do sprawdzenia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 13 cze 2024, 14:44.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. Zobacz szczegółowe informacje o <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/pl">warunkach korzystania</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Polityka prywatności</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii">O Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Korzystasz_z_Wikipedii_tylko_na_w%C5%82asn%C4%85_odpowiedzialno%C5%9B%C4%87">Korzystasz z Wikipedii tylko na własną odpowiedzialność</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Powszechne Zasady Postępowania</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dla deweloperów</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pl.wikipedia.org">Statystyki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Oświadczenie o ciasteczkach</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodward&veaction=edit&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Wersja mobilna</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rjnn6","wgBackendResponseTime":972,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.568","walltime":"0.774","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2190,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":90571,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4830,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":39325,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":12,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 611.716 1 -total"," 35.22% 215.446 1 Szablon:Kontrola_autorytatywna"," 29.11% 178.053 1 Szablon:Naukowiec_infobox"," 21.55% 131.799 4 Szablon:Szablon_nawigacyjny"," 20.61% 126.066 1 Szablon:Nobel_Chemia"," 8.28% 50.634 1 Szablon:Przypisy"," 6.81% 41.684 1 Szablon:Infobox_tytuł"," 6.09% 37.237 2 Szablon:Infobox_grafika"," 5.91% 36.156 4 Szablon:Infobox_projekt"," 5.46% 33.374 2 Szablon:Pierwszy_niepusty"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.331","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4831534,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"required = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n\n== Szablon:Szablon nawigacyjny ==\n\n\n== Szablon:Szablon nawigacyjny ==\n\n\n== Szablon:Szablon nawigacyjny ==\n\n\n== Szablon:Szablon nawigacyjny ==\n\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rjnn6","timestamp":"20241125030519","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Robert Woodward","url":"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Woodward","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q232316","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q232316","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wsp\u00f3\u0142tw\u00f3rcy projekt\u00f3w Fundacji Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-01-01T21:40:33Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bd\/Robert_Burns_Woodward_in_1965.jpg","headline":"chemik ameryka\u0144ski, noblista"}</script> </body> </html>