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id="toc-Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geoffrey_of_Monmouth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Geoffrey of Monmouth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geoffrey_of_Monmouth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Scholarship</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scholarship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Scholarship subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scholarship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Date" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Date</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_Saxon_commander" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_Saxon_commander"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Possible Saxon commander</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_Saxon_commander-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Badon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Badon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Second Badon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Badon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romance_depiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romance_depiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Romance depiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romance_depiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_lore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_lore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Local lore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_lore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_depictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_depictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Modern depictions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_depictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Badon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emgann_Badon" title="Emgann Badon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Emgann Badon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_del_Mont_Badon" title="Batalla del Mont Badon – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla del Mont Badon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_na_Mons_Badonicus" title="Bitva na Mons Badonicus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva na Mons Badonicus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brwydr_Mynydd_Baddon" title="Brwydr Mynydd Baddon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brwydr Mynydd Baddon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Mons_Badonicus" title="Schlacht von Mons Badonicus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht von Mons Badonicus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Μάχη του όρους Μπάντον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάχη του όρους Μπάντον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_del_Monte_Badon" title="Batalla del Monte Badon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla del Monte Badon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo_%C4%89e_Mons_Badonicus" title="Batalo ĉe Mons Badonicus – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalo ĉe Mons Badonicus" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="نبرد بادون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد بادون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_du_mont_Badon" title="Bataille du mont Badon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille du mont Badon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%8F%88%EC%82%B0_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="바돈산 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바돈산 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_del_monte_Badon" title="Battaglia del monte Badon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia del monte Badon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Mons_Badonicus" title="Slag bij Mons Badonicus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Mons Badonicus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E5%B1%B1%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="ベイドン山の戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベイドン山の戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Mons_Badonicus" title="Slaget ved Mons Badonicus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget ved Mons Badonicus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Mons_Badonicus" title="Bitwa pod Mons Badonicus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Mons Badonicus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_do_Monte_Badon" title="Batalha do Monte Badon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha do Monte Badon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Битва при Бадонском Холме – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Бадонском Холме" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%98%D1%83" title="Битка на Бадонском горју – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка на Бадонском горју" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Mons_Badonicusa" title="Bitka kod Mons Badonicusa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bitka kod Mons Badonicusa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mons_Badonicuksen_taistelu" title="Mons Badonicuksen taistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mons Badonicuksen taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Badon" title="Slaget vid Badon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Badon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badon_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1_Muharebesi" title="Badon Dağı Muharebesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Badon Dağı Muharebesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Битва при горі Бадон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва при горі Бадон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_Mons_Badonicus" title="Trận Mons Badonicus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Mons Badonicus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q595320#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="View the content page [c]" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">6th-century battle in Sub-Roman Britain</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Mount Badon</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_conquest_of_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain">Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>518 AD</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Unknown, various locations proposed</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Brittonic victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Romano-Britons" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano-Britons">Romano-Britons</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Celtic Britons</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a>, and possibly also <a href="/wiki/Jutes" title="Jutes">Jutes</a> and other Germanic tribes.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown (possibly <a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthur</a>)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown (possibly <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lle_of_Sussex" title="Ælle of Sussex">Ælle of Sussex</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cerdic_of_Wessex" title="Cerdic of Wessex">Cerdic of Wessex</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beran_Byrig" title="Battle of Beran Byrig">Beranburh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alclud_Ford" title="Battle of Alclud Ford">Alclud Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Argoed_Llwyfain" title="Battle of Argoed Llwyfain">Argoed Llwyfain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Deorham" title="Battle of Deorham">Deorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Woden%27s_Burg_(592)" title="Battle of Woden's Burg (592)">1st Wodensburh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raith" title="Battle of Raith">Raith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Catraeth" title="Battle of Catraeth">Catraeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Degsastan" title="Battle of Degsastan">Degsastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chester" title="Battle of Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cirencester" title="Battle of Cirencester">Cirencester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cefn_Digoll" title="Battle of Cefn Digoll">Cefn Digoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Exeter_(c._630)" title="Siege of Exeter (c. 630)">Caer-Uisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hatfield_Chase" title="Battle of Hatfield Chase">Hatfield Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heavenfield" title="Battle of Heavenfield">Heavenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maserfield" title="Battle of Maserfield">Maserfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Winwaed" title="Battle of the Winwaed">Winwaed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peonnum" title="Battle of Peonnum">Peonnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Two_Rivers" title="Battle of Two Rivers">Two Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trent" title="Battle of the Trent">Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dun_Nechtain" title="Battle of Dun Nechtain">Nechtansmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Woden%27s_Burg_(715)" title="Battle of Woden's Burg (715)">2nd Wodensburh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hehil" title="Battle of Hehil">Hehil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pencon" title="Battle of Pencon">Pencon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hereford" title="Battle of Hereford">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Otford_(776)" title="Battle of Otford (776)">Otford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bensington" title="Battle of Bensington">Bensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ellandun" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ellandun">Ellandun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hingston_Down" title="Battle of Hingston Down">Hingston Down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan%27s_invasion_of_Scotland" title="Æthelstan's invasion of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh" title="Battle of Brunanburh">Brunanburh</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" 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title="Template talk:Campaignbox Fall of Western Roman Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Fall_of_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Fall of Western Roman Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire6307" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire"><span class="wrap">Fall of the Western Roman Empire</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="font-size:96%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(376%E2%80%93382)" title="Gothic War (376–382)">Gothic War (376–382)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marcianople" title="Battle of Marcianople">Marcianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Willows" title="Battle of the Willows">Willows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dibaltum" title="Battle of Dibaltum">Dibaltum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adrianople" title="Battle of Adrianople">1st Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Adrianople_(378)" title="Siege of Adrianople (378)">2nd Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Constantinople_(378)" title="Battle of Constantinople (378)">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thessalonica_(380)" title="Battle of Thessalonica (380)">Thessalonica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Save" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Save">Save</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frigidus" title="Battle of the Frigidus">Frigidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Alaric_I" title="Revolt of Alaric I">Revolt of Alaric I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gildonic_War" title="Gildonic War">Gildonic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilicho%27s_Pictish_War" title="Stilicho's Pictish War">Pictish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revolt_of_Tribigild" title="Gothic Revolt of Tribigild">Revolt of Tribigild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(401%E2%80%93403)" title="Gothic War (401–403)">Gothic War (401–403)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Asti_(402)" title="Siege of Asti (402)">Asti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pollentia" title="Battle of Pollentia">Pollentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verona_(402)" title="Battle of Verona (402)">Verona</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Radagaisus" title="War of Radagaisus">War of Radagaisus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Florence_(405)" title="Siege of Florence (405)">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Faesulae_(406)" title="Battle of Faesulae (406)">Faesulae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_of_the_Rhine" title="Crossing of the Rhine">Crossing of the Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostia_(409)" title="Battle of Ostia (409)">Ostia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410)" title="Sack of Rome (410)">Rome (410)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Heraclianus" title="War of Heraclianus">War of Heraclianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Massilia_(413)" title="Siege of Massilia (413)">Massilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_in_Spain_(416%E2%80%93418)" title="Gothic War in Spain (416–418)">Gothic War in Spain (416–418)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nervasos_Mountains" title="Battle of the Nervasos Mountains">Nervasos Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_421%E2%80%93422" title="Roman–Sasanian War of 421–422">Roman–Sasanian War of 421–422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarraco" title="Battle of Tarraco">Tarraco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_civil_war_of_425" title="Roman civil war of 425">Roman civil war of 425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_revolt_of_Theodoric_I" title="Gothic revolt of Theodoric I">Gothic revolt of Theodoric I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Arles_(425)" title="Siege of Arles (425)">Arles (425)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_civil_war_of_427%E2%80%93429" title="Roman civil war of 427–429">Roman civil war of 427–429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%A9rida_(428)" title="Battle of Mérida (428)">Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_War_(428)" title="Frankish War (428)">Frankish War (428)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandal_conquest_of_Roman_Africa" title="Vandal conquest of Roman Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hippo_Regius" title="Siege of Hippo Regius">Hippo Regius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Carthage_(439)" title="Capture of Carthage (439)">Carthage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_civil_war_of_432" title="Roman civil war of 432">Roman civil war of 432</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rimini_(432)" title="Battle of Rimini (432)">Rimini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Revolt_of_Gunther" title="Burgundian Revolt of Gunther">Burgundian Revolt of Gunther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arles_(435)" title="Battle of Arles (435)">Arles (435)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(436%E2%80%93439)" title="Gothic War (436–439)">Gothic War (436–439)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narbonne_(436)" title="Battle of Narbonne (436)">Narbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons_Colubrarius" title="Battle of Mons Colubrarius">Battle of Mons Colubrarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toulouse_(439)" title="Battle of Toulouse (439)">Toulouse (439)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandal_War_(439%E2%80%93442)" title="Vandal War (439–442)">Vandal War (439–442)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_440" title="Byzantine–Sasanian War of 440">Byzantine–Sasanian War of 440</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vicus_Helena" title="Battle of Vicus Helena">Vicus Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Utus" title="Battle of the Utus">Utus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Asemus" title="Siege of Asemus">Asemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Catalaunian_Plains" title="Battle of the Catalaunian Plains">Catalaunian Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Aquileia" title="Sack of Aquileia">Aquileia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Padua" title="Sack of Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Milan" title="Siege of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(455)" title="Sack of Rome (455)">Rome (455)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aylesford" title="Battle of Aylesford">Aylesford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_in_Spain_(456)" title="Gothic War in Spain (456)">Gothic War in Spain (456)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agrigentum_(456)" title="Battle of Agrigentum (456)">Agrigentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corsica" title="Battle of Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_civil_war_of_456" title="Roman civil war of 456">Roman civil war of 456</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garigliano_(457)" title="Battle of Garigliano (457)">Garigliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campi_Cannini" title="Battle of Campi Cannini">Camp Cannini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(457%E2%80%93458)" title="Gothic War (457–458)">Gothic War (457–458)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toulouse_(458)" title="Battle of Toulouse (458)">Toulouse (458)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arelate" title="Battle of Arelate">Arles (458)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_(461)" title="Battle of Cartagena (461)">Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orleans_(463)" title="Battle of Orleans (463)">Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bergamo" title="Battle of Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Bon_(468)" title="Battle of Cape Bon (468)">Cape Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_D%C3%A9ols" title="Battle of Déols">Déols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arles_(471)" title="Battle of Arles (471)">Arles (471)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rome_(472)" title="Siege of Rome (472)">Rome (472)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ravenna_(475)" title="Battle of Ravenna (475)">Ravenna (475)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pavia_(476)" title="Siege of Pavia (476)">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ravenna_(476)" title="Battle of Ravenna (476)">Ravenna (476)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soissons_(486)" title="Battle of Soissons (486)">Soissons</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Badon</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Badon</b>, also known as the <b>Battle of Mons Badonicus</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was purportedly fought between <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Britons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a> in <a href="/wiki/Post-Roman_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Roman Britain">Post-Roman Britain</a> during the late <a href="/wiki/5th_century_in_England" title="5th century in England">5th</a> or early <a href="/wiki/6th_century_in_England" title="6th century in England">6th century</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was credited as a major victory for the Britons, stopping the westward encroachment of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms for a period. </p><p>The earliest known references to the battle, by the British cleric <a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">Gildas</a>, date to the 6th century. It is chiefly known today for the supposed involvement of the man who would later be remembered as the legendary <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>; although it is not agreed that Arthur was a historical person, his name first appears in the 9th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Brittonum" title="Historia Brittonum">Historia Brittonum</a></i>, where he is mentioned as having participated in the battle alongside the Brittonic kings as a war commander, though is not described as a king himself. Because of the limited number of sources, there is no certainty about the date, location, or details of the fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almost all scholars agree that this battle did take place. Gildas, who wrote within living memory of the battle, does not mention Arthur or the names of other British leaders who took part. He also omits the names of the Saxon leaders. Gildas also does not describe it as an actual open battle, but rather as a siege. It remains unclear whether the Saxons were besieging the Britons or the Britons were besieging the Saxons.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_accounts">Historical accounts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gildas">Gildas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gildas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest mention of the Battle of Badon appears in <a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">Gildas</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/De_Excidio_et_Conquestu_Britanniae" title="De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae">De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae</a></i> (<i>On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain</i>), written in the early to mid-6th century. In it, the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a> are said to have "dipped [their] red and savage tongue in the western ocean" before <a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a> organized a British resistance with the survivors of the initial Saxon onslaught. Gildas describes the period that followed Ambrosius' initial success: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>From that time, the citizens were sometimes victorious, sometimes the enemy, in order that the Lord, according to His wont, might try in this nation the Israel of today, whether it loves Him or not. This continued up to the year of the siege of Badon Hill (<i>obsessionis Badonici montis</i>), and of almost the last great slaughter inflicted upon the rascally crew. And this commences, a fact I know, as the forty-fourth year, with one month now elapsed; it is also the year of my birth.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><i>De Excidio Britanniae</i> describes the battle as such an "unexpected recovery of the [island]" that it caused kings, nobles, priests, and commoners to "live orderly according to their several vocations." Afterwards, the long peace degenerated into civil wars and the iniquity of <a href="/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd">Maelgwn Gwynedd</a>. </p><p>That <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthur</a> had gone unmentioned by Gildas, ostensibly the source closest to his own time, was noticed at least as early as a 12th-century hagiography of Gildas which claims that Gildas had praised Arthur extensively but then excised him completely after Arthur killed the saint's brother, <a href="/wiki/Hueil_mab_Caw" title="Hueil mab Caw">Hueil mab Caw</a>. Modern writers have suggested the details of the battle may have been so well known that Gildas expected his audience to be familiar with them.<sup id="cite_ref-Green31_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green31-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bede">Bede</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bede"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The battle is next mentioned in an 8th-century text of <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_History_of_the_English_People" title="Ecclesiastical History of the English People">Ecclesiastical History of the English People</a></i> (<i>Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which describes the "siege of Mount Badon, when they made no small slaughter of those invaders," as occurring 44 years after the first <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_settlement_of_Britain" title="Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain">Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Bede places that arrival just before, during or just after the joint reign in Rome of <a href="/wiki/Marcian" title="Marcian">Marcian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valentinian_III" title="Valentinian III">Valentinian III</a> in AD 449–456,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he must have considered Badon to have taken place between 493 and 500. Bede then puts off discussion of the battle – "But more of this hereafter" – only to seemingly never return to it. </p><p>Bede does later include an extended account of <a href="/wiki/Germanus_of_Auxerre" title="Germanus of Auxerre">Saint Germanus of Auxerre</a>'s victory over the Saxons and <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a> in a mountain valley (traditionally placed at <a href="/wiki/Mold,_Flintshire" title="Mold, Flintshire">Mold</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flintshire" title="Flintshire">Flintshire</a> in northeast Wales), which he credits with curbing the threat of invasion for a generation.<sup id="cite_ref-b20_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b20-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as the victory is described as having been accomplished bloodlessly, it was presumably a different occasion from Badon. Accepted at face value, Saint Germanus' involvement would also place the battle around AD 430, although Bede's chronology shows no knowledge of this. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nennius_and_the_Welsh_Annals">Nennius and the Welsh Annals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nennius and the Welsh Annals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Arthur"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_King_Arthur" title="Historicity of King Arthur">Historicity of King Arthur</a></div> <p>The earliest surviving text specifically mentioning Arthur in connection with the battle is the early 9th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Brittonum" title="Historia Brittonum">Historia Brittonum</a></i> (<i>The History of the Britons</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attributed to the Welsh monk <a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a>, in which the soldier (Latin <i>mīles</i>) Arthur is identified as the leader of the victorious British force at Badon: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The twelfth battle was on Mount Badon in which there fell in one day 960 men from one charge by Arthur; and no one struck them down except Arthur himself.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HBeng_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBeng-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Battle of Badon is next mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae">Annales Cambriae</a></i> (<i>Annals of Wales</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-ACA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> assumed to have been written during the mid- to late-10th century. The entry states: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Battle of Badon, in which Arthur carried the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ for three days and three nights upon his shoulders [or shield<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>] and the Britons were the victors.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ACAeng_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACAeng-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geoffrey_of_Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geoffrey of Monmouth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>'s c. 1136 <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i> (<i>The History of the Kings of Britain</i>) was massively popular and survives in many copies from soon after its composition.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Going into (and fabricating) much greater detail, Geoffrey closely identifies Badon with <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>, including having <a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a> foretell that Badon's baths would lose their hot water and turn poisonous.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also mixes in aspects of other accounts: the battle begins as a Saxon siege and then becomes a normal engagement once Arthur's men arrive; Arthur bears the image of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">the Virgin</a> both on his shield and shoulder. Arthur charges and kills 470, ten more than the number of Britons ambushed by <a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist</a> near <a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a>. </p><p>Elements of the Welsh legends are added: in addition to the shield <i><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></i>, Arthur gains his sword, <i><a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">Caliburnus</a></i> (Excalibur), and his spear, <i><a href="/wiki/Excalibur#Arthur's_other_weapons" title="Excalibur">Ron</a></i>. Geoffrey also makes the defence of the city from the Saxon sneak attack a holy cause, having <a href="/wiki/Dubricius" title="Dubricius">Dubricius</a> offer absolution of all sins for those who fall in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-HRBeng_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRBeng-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scholarship">Scholarship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Scholarship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is considerable scholarly debate as to the exact date and location of the battle, though most agree that it took place in southern England sometime around the turn of the sixth century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date">Date</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Date"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dates proposed by scholars for the battle include 493, 501 and 516.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daniel McCarthy and <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1ibh%C3%AD_%C3%93_Cr%C3%B3in%C3%ADn" title="Dáibhí Ó Cróinín">Dáibhí Ó Cróinín</a> have posited that Gildas' 44 years and one month is not a reference to the simple chronology but a position within the 84-year Easter cycle used for <a href="/wiki/Computus" class="mw-redirect" title="Computus">computus</a> at the time by the Britons and the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Ireland" title="Christianity in Ireland">Irish church</a>. The tables in question begin in January 438, which would place their revised date of the battle in February 482.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Breeze" title="Andrew Breeze">Andrew Breeze</a>, in a 2020 book, argues that the Battle of Badon or "<a href="/wiki/Braydon" title="Braydon">Braydon</a>, Wiltshire" took place in 493, deducing that Gildas was writing <i>De Excidio</i> in 536, in the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Extreme_weather_events_of_535%E2%80%93536" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme weather events of 535–536">extreme weather events of 535–536</a>, because he cited a "certain thick mist and black night" which "sits upon the whole island" of Britain, but not the subsequent famine in the year 537. Breeze concluded that Badon was fought "(...) in southern Britain, was fought in 493 and had nothing to do with Arthur."<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze06_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze06-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though academics have never reached any consensus, Mount Badon’s location has traditionally been sited in the hills around <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>, most notably at <a href="/wiki/Bathampton_Down" title="Bathampton Down">Bathampton Down</a>. Tim and Annette Burkitt have proposed <a href="/wiki/Caer_Badden" class="mw-redirect" title="Caer Badden">Caer Badden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Aquae Sulis</i>; now <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath, Somerset</a>), some 20 miles northeast of the Roman mines at <a href="/wiki/Charterhouse_(Roman_town)" title="Charterhouse (Roman town)">Charterhouse</a>, on the basis of the <i>Welsh Annals</i> as well as archaeological and toponymic evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liddington_Castle,_Liddington,_Swindon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624639.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Liddington_Castle%2C_Liddington%2C_Swindon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624639.jpg/220px-Liddington_Castle%2C_Liddington%2C_Swindon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624639.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Liddington_Castle%2C_Liddington%2C_Swindon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624639.jpg/330px-Liddington_Castle%2C_Liddington%2C_Swindon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624639.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Liddington_Castle%2C_Liddington%2C_Swindon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624639.jpg/440px-Liddington_Castle%2C_Liddington%2C_Swindon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_624639.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liddington_Castle" title="Liddington Castle">Liddington Castle</a> site. The ramparts of the Iron Age hillfort can be seen at the highest point of the skyline.</figcaption></figure> <p>Susan Hirst, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ashe" title="Geoffrey Ashe">Geoffrey Ashe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wood_(historian)" title="Michael Wood (historian)">Michael Wood</a> argue for the site of <a href="/wiki/Liddington_Castle" title="Liddington Castle">Liddington Castle</a> on the hill above <a href="/wiki/Badbury,_Wiltshire" title="Badbury, Wiltshire">Badbury</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a>: <i>Baddan byrig</i>) in Wiltshire. This site commands <a href="/wiki/The_Ridgeway" title="The Ridgeway">The Ridgeway</a>, which connects the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> with the <a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Devon" title="River Avon, Devon">River Avon</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Severn" title="River Severn">River Severn</a> beyond.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The similarly named <a href="/wiki/Badbury_Rings" title="Badbury Rings">Badbury Rings</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a> have also been argued to be the location of the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> David Cooper agrees that this is the most likely site and has provided the most comprehensive analysis of the battle available to date.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Andrew Breeze has argued that <i>Badon</i> must be etymologically <a href="/wiki/Brittonic_languages" title="Brittonic languages">Brittonic</a> rather than English (thus eliminating Bath from consideration as its name is entirely <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a>), and that the toponym as given by Gildas (<i>Badonici Montis</i>) is a misprint of <i>Bradonici Montis</i>, based on known Celtic placenames in Wales and Cornwall. Breeze posits <a href="/wiki/Ringsbury_Camp" title="Ringsbury Camp">Ringsbury Camp</a> near <a href="/wiki/Braydon" title="Braydon">Braydon</a> in Wiltshire as the site of the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possible_Saxon_commander">Possible Saxon commander</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Possible Saxon commander"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some authors have speculated that <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lle_of_Sussex" title="Ælle of Sussex">Ælle of Sussex</a> may have led the Saxon forces at this battle.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others reject the idea out of hand.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In book 9 of his work <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_regum_Britanniae" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia regum Britanniae">Historia regum Britanniae</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a> mentions a certain Cheldric<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as Saxon war leader who fought at Bath during the same period, so other scholars suggest that (due to similarities of names) Cerdic of Wessex was the Saxon leader during the battle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Badon">Second Badon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Second Badon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The A Text of the <i>Annales Cambriae</i><sup id="cite_ref-ACA_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> includes the entry: "The first celebration of Easter among the Saxons. The second battle of Badon. Morgan dies."<sup id="cite_ref-ACAeng_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACAeng-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The date for this action is given by Phillimore as AD 665,<sup id="cite_ref-ACA_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the Saxons' first Easter is placed by the B Text in its entry 634 years after the birth of Christ and "the second Badon" is not mentioned.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romance_depiction">Romance depiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Romance depiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Vulgate_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulgate Cycle">Vulgate Cycle</a>, a French prose romance retelling of the Arthurian legend, replaced the Battle of Badon with the <b>Battle of Clarence</b> (spelling variants: <i>Clarance</i>, <i>Clarans</i>, <i>Clarenche</i>, <i>Clarens</i>). In the first round of fighting, a coalition of British kings is defeated by the Saxons (or the <a href="/wiki/Saracens" class="mw-redirect" title="Saracens">Saracens</a> in some subsequent versions, including that by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">Thomas Malory</a>). In the second phase, Arthur joins the battle and enemy forces are destroyed, driving invaders into the sea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_lore">Local lore</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Local lore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Locations associated with Arthurian legend">Locations associated with Arthurian legend</a></div> <p>Apart from the professional scholarship, various communities throughout Wales and England have their own traditions maintaining that their area was the site of the battle. These include (besides Badbury Rings and Bathampton Down),<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the mountain of Mynydd Baedan near <a href="/wiki/Maesteg" title="Maesteg">Maesteg</a> in South Wales, and <a href="/wiki/Bowden_Hill" title="Bowden Hill">Bowden Hill</a> in Wiltshire.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_depictions">Modern depictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Modern depictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>King Arthur leads the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knights of the Round Table</a> into battle against the Saxons led by Hengist in the <i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Valiant" title="Prince Valiant">Prince Valiant</a></i> comic strip series episodes 1430 (5 July 1964) and following.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle is mentioned in the 1975 comedy film <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_and_the_Holy_Grail" title="Monty Python and the Holy Grail">Monty Python and the Holy Grail</a></i> as one of the many questionable feats of Sir Robin, who in the film's bardic narration is said to have "personally wet himself at the Battle of Badon Hill".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle is featured prominently in 1997's <i><a href="/wiki/Excalibur:_A_Novel_of_Arthur" title="Excalibur: A Novel of Arthur">Excalibur: A Novel of Arthur</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cornwell" title="Bernard Cornwell">Bernard Cornwell</a>, in the book's second part, "Mynydd Baddon", in which the armies of Angle and Saxon kings <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lle_of_Sussex" title="Ælle of Sussex">Aelle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cerdic_of_Wessex" title="Cerdic of Wessex">Cerdic</a>, aided by Celtic traitors led by <a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a>, are defeated in an epic battle by an uneasy alliance of various British and Irish kingdoms. The author combines various medieval accounts of the battle, such as it beginning as an Anglo-Saxon siege of a hilltop (here initially desperately defended by <a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a>, who is depicted as a brilliant strategist and rallying figure<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and having Arthur's cavalry appear with the sign of the cross on their shields (here a requisite demanded by the Christian king <a href="/wiki/Tewdrig" title="Tewdrig">Tewdric</a> for him to also join the battle), to create a more grounded and realistic depiction than the ones from his medieval sources.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2004 film <i><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_(2004_film)" title="King Arthur (2004 film)">King Arthur</a></i> ends in a climactic battle scene occurring along <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a> as the mostly Romano-British forces of Arthur defeat those of the Saxon kings Cerdic and Cynric, at a heavy cost to Arthur.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a> (Salisbury), King Arthur's final fight in his legend</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">obsessio[nis] Badonici montis</i>, "Blockade/Siege of the Badonic Hill"; <i>Bellum in monte Badonis</i>, "Battle on Badon Hill"; <i>Bellum Badonis</i>, "Battle of Badon"; <a href="/wiki/Old_Welsh" title="Old Welsh">Old Welsh</a>: <i>Badon</i>; <a href="/wiki/Middle_Welsh" title="Middle Welsh">Middle Welsh</a>: <i>Gweith Vadon</i>, "Battle of Badon"; <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Brwydr Mynydd Baddon</i>, "Battle of Badon Mount/Hill"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Per Bede's account. The actual dates of their reign were AD 450–455.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashe, Geoffrey, <i>From Caesar to Arthur</i> pp. 295–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dupuy, R. Ernest & al. <i>The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History From 3500 B.C. to the Present</i>, 4th ed., p. 193. HarperCollins Pub. (New York), 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hollister, C. Warren. <i>The Making of England to 1399</i>, 8th ed., p. 31. Houghton Mifflin Co. (New York), 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Williams_(historian)" title="Hugh Williams (historian)">Hugh Williams</a> (ed.), <i>Gildas, De Excidio Britanniae</i>, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, 1899, p. 61–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Williams_(historian)" title="Hugh Williams (historian)">Hugh Williams</a> (ed.), <i>Gildas, De Excidio Britanniae</i>, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, 1899, p. 61–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green31-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Green31_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The "<a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Bede" title="Tiberius Bede">Tiberius Bede</a>" or C text. <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a> MS Cotton Tiberius C.II. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bede. <i>The <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_History_of_the_English_People" title="Ecclesiastical History of the English People">Ecclesiastical History of the English People</a></i>, I.xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. <i>...usque ad annum obsessionis Badonici montis quando non minimas eisdem hostibus strages dabant quadragesimo circiter & quarto anno adventus eorum in Britaniam.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bede, I.xv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b20-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b20_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bede, I.xx.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Nennius_(DNB00)" class="extiw" title="s:Nennius (DNB00)">Nennius</a>" entry of the <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a> credits an 11th-century Irish edition by Giolla Coemgin with being the oldest extant edition of the <i>Historia Brittonum</i>, but it apparently only survived in a 14th-century copy. Cf. Todd, James. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/irishversionofhi00toddrich#page/n9/mode/2up">Irish version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius</a></i>. Irish Archaeological Soc. (Dublin), 1848. Accessed 6 February 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. <i>Duodecimum fuit bellum in monte Badonis, in quo corruerunt in uno die nongenti sexaginta viri de uno impetu Arthur; et nemo prostravit eos nisi ipse solus.</i> Mommsen, Theodore (ed.) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/histbrit.html">Historia Brittonum</a></i>. Accessed 7 February 2013. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBeng-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HBeng_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lupack, Alan (Trans.) <i>The Camelot Project</i>: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/nennius.htm">From <i>The History of the Britons</i> (<i>Historia Brittonum</i>) by Nennius</a>". Retrieved 6 February 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACA-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ACA_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACA_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACA_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Annales_Cambriae_A" class="extiw" title="s:la:Annales Cambriae A">Harleian MS. 3859</a>. Op. cit. Phillimore, Egerton. <i>Y Cymmrodor</i> 9 (1888), pp. 141–183. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The words for "shoulder" and "shield" being easily confused in <a href="/wiki/Old_Welsh" title="Old Welsh">Old Welsh</a>: <i>scuit</i> (shield) vs. <i>scuid</i> (shoulder)]. Cf. Jones, W. Lewis. <i>The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/211/1202.html">Vol. I, XII, §2.</a> Putnam, 1921. Accessed 30 January 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. <i>Bellum badonis inquo arthur portauit crucem domini nostri ihu xp'i . tribus diebus & tribus noctibus inhumeros suos & brittones uictores fuerunt.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACAeng-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ACAeng_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACAeng_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingram, James. <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Annals_of_Wales_A" class="extiw" title="s:The Annals of Wales A">The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></i>. Everyman Press (London), 1912.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The earliest two being the Cambridge 1706 II.I.14 and Berne Stadtbibliotek MS 568, both apparently from the year of composition. Cf. Griscom, Acton. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gsQ-nT2taacC&pg=PA22">The Historia Regum Britanniae of Geoffrey of Monmouth</a></i>. Longmans, Green, & Co., 1929. Accessed 7 February 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson. VII.iii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRBeng-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRBeng_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, Aaron & al. (trans.) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/geoffrey_thompson.pdf">History of the Kings of Britain</a></i>, IX.iv. In Parentheses, 1999. Accessed 6 February 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Breeze, <i>British Battles 493–937: Mount Badon to Brunanburh</i> (2020: Anthem Press), pp. 1–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel P. McCarthy and Dáibhí Ó Cróinín. "The 'lost' Irish 84-year Easter table rediscovered". <i>Peritia</i>, vol. 6–7, 1987–1988, pp. 227–242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breeze06-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Breeze06_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBreeze2020" class="citation book cs1">Breeze, Andrew (2020). <i>British Battles 493-937: Mount Badon to Brunanburh</i>. London. pp. <span class="nowrap">4–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvv4187r">10.2307/j.ctvv4187r</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781785272233" title="Special:BookSources/9781785272233"><bdi>9781785272233</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvv4187r">j.ctvv4187r</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243164764">243164764</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Battles+493-937%3A+Mount+Badon+to+Brunanburh&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvv4187r&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243164764%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvv4187r%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9781785272233&rft.aulast=Breeze&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Badon" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burkitt, Tim and Annette. "The Frontier Zone and the Siege of Mount Badon: A Review of the Evidence for their Location". Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society 1990, vol. 134. pp. 81–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burkitt, Tim and Bennett, Annette, "Badon as Bath", Popular Archaeology, April 1985, Vol. 6, No. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hirst, S. <i>et al</i>. "Liddington Castle and the battle of Badon : Excavations and research 1976". <i>Archaeological Journal</i>. 1996, vol. 153, pp. 1–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashe, Geoffrey. <i>From Caesar to Arthur</i>, pp. 162–164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, Michael. <i>In Search of Myths and Heroes</i> (2005). pp. 219–220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carr, R. (2001), "Badbury or Badon", Dorset life, 267: 5–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, David: <i>Badon and the Early Wars for Wessex, circa 500 to 710</i> (2018: Pen & Sword Books)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Breeze, <i>British Battles 493–937: Mount Badon to Brunanburh</i> (2020: Anthem Press), pp. 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBradbury2004" class="citation book cs1">Bradbury, James (2004). <i>The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare</i>. New York: Routledge. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-22126-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-22126-9"><bdi>0-415-22126-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Medieval+Warfare&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-415-22126-9&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Badon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWarner1972" class="citation book cs1">Warner, Philip (1972). <i>British Battlefields: The Midlands</i>. Reading: Osprey. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60058359">60058359</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Battlefields%3A+The+Midlands&rft.place=Reading&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60058359&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Badon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFof_Monmouth1848" class="citation web cs1">of Monmouth, Geoffrey (1848). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Six_Old_English_Chronicles/Geoffrey%27s_British_History/Book_9">"Six Old English Chronicles/Geoffrey's British History/Book 9 translated and edited by J.A. Giles"</a>. <i>en.wikisource.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.wikisource.org&rft.atitle=Six+Old+English+Chronicles%2FGeoffrey%27s+British+History%2FBook+9+translated+and+edited+by+J.A.+Giles&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=of+Monmouth&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FSix_Old_English_Chronicles%2FGeoffrey%2527s_British_History%2FBook_9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Badon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. <i>Primum pasca apud saxones celebratur. Bellum badonis secundo. morcant moritur.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Public Record Office of the United Kingdom. MS. E.164/1, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Annales_Cambriae_B/VIII" class="extiw" title="s:la:Annales Cambriae B/VIII">p. 8</a>. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott1995" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Shane (1995). <i>The Hidden Places of Somerset</i>. Aldermaston: Travel Publishing Ltd. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-902007-01-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-902007-01-8"><bdi>1-902007-01-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hidden+Places+of+Somerset&rft.place=Aldermaston&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Travel+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-902007-01-8&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Shane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Badon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEchardRouseFayFulton2017" class="citation book cs1">Echard, Sian; Rouse, Robert; Fay, Jacqueline A.; Fulton, Helen; Rector, Geoff (7 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UXoqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA223"><i>The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain, 4 Volume Set</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118396988" title="Special:BookSources/9781118396988"><bdi>9781118396988</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Medieval+Literature+in+Britain%2C+4+Volume+Set&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017-08-07&rft.isbn=9781118396988&rft.aulast=Echard&rft.aufirst=Sian&rft.au=Rouse%2C+Robert&rft.au=Fay%2C+Jacqueline+A.&rft.au=Fulton%2C+Helen&rft.au=Rector%2C+Geoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUXoqDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Badon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Prince Valiant</i>, Vol. 32, The Battle of Badon Hill, 1997, Fantagraphics Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarty2002" class="citation book cs1">Harty, Kevin J. (1 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s41NHZh05D4C&pg=PA139"><i>Cinema Arthuriana: Twenty Essays</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786413447" title="Special:BookSources/9780786413447"><bdi>9780786413447</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cinema+Arthuriana%3A+Twenty+Essays&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=9780786413447&rft.aulast=Harty&rft.aufirst=Kevin+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds41NHZh05D4C%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Badon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrennanMiller2017" class="citation book cs1">Brennan, Michael; Miller, Jacqui (11 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xnTXDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA144"><i>Theorising the Popular</i></a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781443893718" title="Special:BookSources/9781443893718"><bdi>9781443893718</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theorising+the+Popular&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2017-05-11&rft.isbn=9781443893718&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Miller%2C+Jacqui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxnTXDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Badon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2022" class="citation book cs1">Sullivan, Tony (14 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7LF4EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA149"><i>The Battles of King Arthur</i></a>. Pen and Sword History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781399015332" title="Special:BookSources/9781399015332"><bdi>9781399015332</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battles+of+King+Arthur&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+History&rft.date=2022-07-14&rft.isbn=9781399015332&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7LF4EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Badon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medievalhollywood.ace.fordham.edu/items/show/12">"King Arthur (2004) · Medieval Hollywood"</a>. <i>medievalhollywood.ace.fordham.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=medievalhollywood.ace.fordham.edu&rft.atitle=King+Arthur+%282004%29+%C2%B7+Medieval+Hollywood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedievalhollywood.ace.fordham.edu%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Badon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Green, Thomas. <i>Concepts of Arthur</i>. Tempus (Stroud, Gloucestershire), 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780752444611" title="Special:BookSources/9780752444611">9780752444611</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/text/boyer-battle-of-mt-badon-overview">The Battle of Mount Badon</a> at The Camelot Project (including various modern depictions)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="King_Arthur_and_the_Matter_of_Britain285" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arthurian_legend" title="Template:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arthurian_legend" title="Template talk:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arthurian_legend" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="King_Arthur_and_the_Matter_of_Britain285" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_family" title="King Arthur's family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agravain" title="Agravain">Agravain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(Briton)" title="Constantine (Briton)">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culhwch" title="Culhwch">Culhwch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Ector" title="Sir Ector">Ector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine of Garlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoel">Hoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaheris" title="Gaheris">Gaheris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth" title="Gareth">Gareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingalain" title="Gingalain">Gingalain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan le Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause">Morgause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urien" title="Urien">Urien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain">Yvain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knights of the<br /> Round Table</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagdemagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagdemagus">Bagdemagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunor" title="Brunor">Brunor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clig%C3%A8s" title="Cligès">Cligès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradoc" title="Caradoc">Caradoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagonet" title="Dagonet">Dagonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_von_dem_bl%C3%BChenden_Tal" title="Daniel von dem blühenden Tal">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinadan" title="Dinadan">Dinadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galahad" title="Galahad">Galahad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galehaut" title="Galehaut">Galehaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraint" title="Geraint">Geraint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griflet" class="mw-redirect" title="Griflet">Griflet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamorak" title="Lamorak">Lamorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanval" title="Lanval">Lanval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Lionel" title="Sir Lionel">Lionel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriaen" title="Moriaen">Moriaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamedes_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Palamedes (Arthurian legend)">Palamedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelleas" title="Pelleas">Pelleas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellinore" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellinore">Pellinore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival" title="Percival">Percival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagramore" title="Sagramore">Sagramore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan" title="Tristan">Tristan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters" title="List of Arthurian characters">Other characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accolon" title="Accolon">Accolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrestes" title="Agrestes">Agrestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angharad_Golden-Hand" title="Angharad Golden-Hand">Angharad Golden-Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguish_of_Ireland" title="Anguish of Ireland">Anguish of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annowre" title="Annowre">Annowre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Balin" title="Sir Balin">Balin and Balan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Ban" title="King Ban">Ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bertilak" title="Lady Bertilak">Lady Bertilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Black Knight (Arthurian legend)">Black Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanchefleur" title="Blanchefleur">Blanchefleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brangaine" title="Brangaine">Brangaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunor" title="Brunor">Brunor(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catigern" title="Catigern">Catigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudas" title="Claudas">Claudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Astolat" title="Elaine of Astolat">Elaine of Astolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine of Benoic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Corbenic" title="Elaine of Corbenic">Elaine of Corbenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enide" title="Enide">Enide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feirefiz" title="Feirefiz">Feirefiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_King" title="Fisher King">Fisher King(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garel" title="Garel">Garel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Knight" title="Green Knight">Green Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiomar_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Guiomar (Arthurian legend)">Guiomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiron_le_Courtois" title="Guiron le Courtois">Guiron le Courtois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenhwyfach" title="Gwenhwyfach">Gwenhwyfach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellawes_(sorceress)" title="Hellawes (sorceress)">Hellawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iseult" title="Iseult">Iseult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake" title="Lady of the Lake">Lady/Ladies of the Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudine" title="Laudine">Laudine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leodegrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Leodegrance">Leodegrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin" title="Lohengrin">Lohengrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunete" title="Lunete">Lunete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynette_and_Lyonesse" title="Lynette and Lyonesse">Lynette and Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleagant" title="Maleagant">Maleagant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Cornwall" title="Mark of Cornwall">Mark of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliodas" title="Meliodas">Meliodas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Nentres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_sorceresses" title="Nine sorceresses">Nine sorceresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olwen" title="Olwen">Olwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival%27s_sister" title="Percival's sister">Percival's sister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Knight" title="Red Knight">Red Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebile" title="Sebile">Sebile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegau_Eurfron" title="Tegau Eurfron">Tegau Eurfron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yniol" class="mw-redirect" title="Yniol">Yniol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animal characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall">Cavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gringolet" title="Gringolet">Gringolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petitcrieu" title="Petitcrieu">Petitcrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questing_Beast" title="Questing Beast">Questing Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twrch_Trwyth" title="Twrch Trwyth">Twrch Trwyth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnwennan" title="Carnwennan">Carnwennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">Excalibur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prydwen" title="Prydwen">Prydwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhongomyniad" title="Rhongomyniad">Rhongomyniad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table" title="Round Table">Round Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_Perilous" title="Siege Perilous">Siege Perilous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" title="List of locations associated with Arthurian legend">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astolat" title="Astolat">Astolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Tor" title="Glastonbury Tor">Glastonbury Tor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broc%C3%A9liande" title="Brocéliande">Brocéliande</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Val_sans_retour" title="Val sans retour">Val sans retour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerleon" title="Caerleon">Caerleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celliwig" title="Celliwig">Celliwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_perilous" title="Chapel perilous">Chapel perilous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbenic" title="Corbenic">Corbenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esplumoir_Merlin" title="Esplumoir Merlin">Esplumoir Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyous_Gard" title="Joyous Gard">Joyous Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Maidens" title="Land of Maidens">Land/Castle of Maidens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyonesse" title="Lyonesse">Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarras" title="Sarras">Sarras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel" title="Tintagel">Tintagel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel_Castle" title="Tintagel Castle">Tintagel Castle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_King_Arthur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of King Arthur">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_based_on_Arthurian_legends" title="List of works based on Arthurian legends">List of works</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_in_comics" title="King Arthur in comics">comics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Badon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolorous_Stroke" title="Dolorous Stroke">Dolorous Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loathly_lady" title="Loathly lady">Loathly lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_King_Arthur" title="Historicity of King Arthur">Historicity of King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_messianic_return" title="King Arthur's messianic return">King Arthur's messianic return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendragon" title="Pendragon">Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Swan" title="Knight of the Swan">Knight of the Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_and_Iseult" title="Tristan and Iseult">Tristan and Iseult</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geoffrey_of_Monmouth152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Template:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Template talk:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geoffrey_of_Monmouth152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Category:Works by Geoffrey of Monmouth">Works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophetiae_Merlini" title="Prophetiae Merlini">Prophetiae Merlini</a></i> (c. 1135)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i> (c. 1136)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Merlini" title="Vita Merlini">Vita Merlini</a></i> (c. 1150)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Translations_of_Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Category:Translations of Geoffrey of Monmouth">Translations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layamon%27s_Brut" title="Layamon's Brut">Layamon's <i>Brut</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Brenhinedd" title="Brut y Brenhinedd">Brut y Brenhinedd</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breta_s%C3%B6gur" title="Breta sögur">Breta sögur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merl%C3%ADn%C3%BAssp%C3%A1" title="Merlínússpá">Merlínússpá</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Alban" title="Saint Alban">Saint Alban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanactus" title="Albanactus">Albanactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhfrith_of_Deira" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhfrith of Deira">Alhfrith of Deira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allectus" title="Allectus">Allectus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibalus" title="Amphibalus">Amphibalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andragius" title="Andragius">Andragius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archgallo" title="Archgallo">Archgallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archmail" title="Archmail">Archmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvirargus" title="Arvirargus">Arvirargus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascanius" title="Ascanius">Ascanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelius_Conanus" title="Aurelius Conanus">Aurelius Conanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beldgabred" title="Beldgabred">Beldgabred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beli_Mawr" title="Beli Mawr">Beli Mawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belinus" title="Belinus">Belinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladud" title="Bladud">Bladud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledric_ap_Custennin" title="Bledric ap Custennin">Bledric ap Custennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledudo" title="Bledudo">Bledudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennius" title="Brennius">Brennius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_Greenshield" title="Brutus Greenshield">Brutus Greenshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_of_Troy" title="Brutus of Troy">Brutus of Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Budic II of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadfan_ap_Iago" title="Cadfan ap Iago">Cadfan ap Iago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadoc" title="Cadoc">Cadoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwaladr" title="Cadwaladr">Cadwaladr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwallon_ap_Cadfan" title="Cadwallon ap Cadfan">Cadwallon ap Cadfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camber_(legendary_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camber (legendary king)">Camber (legendary king)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_of_Britain" title="Cap of Britain">Cap of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capetus_Silvius" title="Capetus Silvius">Capetus Silvius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capoir" title="Capoir">Capoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradocus" title="Caradocus">Caradocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carausius" title="Carausius">Carausius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassivellaunus" title="Cassivellaunus">Cassivellaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catellus" title="Catellus">Catellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catigern" title="Catigern">Catigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherin" title="Cherin">Cherin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledaucus" title="Cledaucus">Cledaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotenus" title="Clotenus">Clotenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coel_Hen" title="Coel Hen">Coel Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coilus" title="Coilus">Coilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conan_Meriadoc" title="Conan Meriadoc">Conan Meriadoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(son_of_Constantine_III)" title="Constans II (son of Constantine III)">Constans II (son of Constantine III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_Emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)">Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(Briton)" title="Constantine (Briton)">Constantine (Briton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius Chlorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordelia_of_Britain" title="Cordelia of Britain">Cordelia of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corineus" title="Corineus">Corineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunedagius" title="Cunedagius">Cunedagius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunobeline" title="Cunobeline">Cunobeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danius" title="Danius">Danius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digueillus" title="Digueillus">Digueillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionotus" title="Dionotus">Dionotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunvallo_Molmutius" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunvallo Molmutius">Dunvallo Molmutius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebraucus" title="Ebraucus">Ebraucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edadus" title="Edadus">Edadus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edern_ap_Nudd" title="Edern ap Nudd">Edern ap Nudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldol" title="Eldol">Eldol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldol,_Consul_of_Gloucester" title="Eldol, Consul of Gloucester">Eldol, Consul of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elidurus" title="Elidurus">Elidurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliud" title="Eliud">Eliud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enniaunus" title="Enniaunus">Enniaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrildis" title="Estrildis">Estrildis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaf_Hen" title="Eudaf Hen">Eudaf Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrex" title="Ferrex">Ferrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgenius" title="Fulgenius">Fulgenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerennus" title="Gerennus">Gerennus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goffar_the_Pict" title="Goffar the Pict">Goffar the Pict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogmagog_(folklore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gogmagog (folklore)">Gogmagog (folklore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goneril" title="Goneril">Goneril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorboduc" title="Gorboduc">Gorboduc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorbonianus" title="Gorbonianus">Gorbonianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracianus_Municeps" title="Gracianus Municeps">Gracianus Municeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiderius" title="Guiderius">Guiderius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guithelin" title="Guithelin">Guithelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgintius" title="Gurgintius">Gurgintius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurguit_Barbtruc" title="Gurguit Barbtruc">Gurguit Barbtruc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgustius" title="Gurgustius">Gurgustius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddoleu_ap_Ceidio" title="Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio">Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddydd" title="Gwenddydd">Gwenddydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Gwendolen" title="Queen Gwendolen">Queen Gwendolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_(empress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena (empress)">Helena (empress)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus">Helenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist and Horsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoel">Hoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_the_Hun" title="Humber the Hun">Humber the Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iago_ap_Beli" title="Iago ap Beli">Iago ap Beli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idvallo" title="Idvallo">Idvallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenius_of_Britain" title="Ingenius of Britain">Ingenius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innogen" title="Innogen">Innogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jago_of_Britain" title="Jago of Britain">Jago of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_and_Aaron" title="Julius and Aaron">Julius and Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Asclepiodotus" title="Julius Asclepiodotus">Julius Asclepiodotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Sir Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keredic" title="Keredic">Keredic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimarcus" title="Kimarcus">Kimarcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinarius" title="Kinarius">Kinarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latinus" title="Latinus">Latinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavinia" title="Lavinia">Lavinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leil" title="Leil">Leil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leir_of_Britain" title="Leir of Britain">Leir of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrinus" title="Locrinus">Locrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">King Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Britain" title="Lucius of Britain">Lucius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lud_son_of_Heli" class="mw-redirect" title="Lud son of Heli">Lud son of Heli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddan" title="Maddan">Maddan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd">Maelgwn Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandubracius" title="Mandubracius">Mandubracius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Marcia" title="Queen Marcia">Queen Marcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganus" title="Marganus">Marganus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganus_II" title="Marganus II">Marganus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_of_Britain" title="Marius of Britain">Marius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mempricius" title="Mempricius">Mempricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merianus" title="Merianus">Merianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millus" title="Millus">Millus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause">Morgause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morvidus" title="Morvidus">Morvidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrddin_Wyllt" title="Myrddin Wyllt">Myrddin Wyllt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nennius_of_Britain" title="Nennius of Britain">Nennius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octa_of_Kent" title="Octa of Kent">Octa of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenus" title="Oenus">Oenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Northumbria" title="Oswald of Northumbria">Oswald of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswiu_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Oswiu of Northumbria">Oswiu of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owain_mab_Urien" title="Owain mab Urien">Owain mab Urien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandrasus" title="Pandrasus">Pandrasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penda_of_Mercia" title="Penda of Mercia">Penda of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredur" title="Peredur">Peredur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredurus" title="Peredurus">Peredurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_the_Britons" title="Pir of the Britons">Pir of the Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porrex_I" title="Porrex I">Porrex I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porrex_II" title="Porrex II">Porrex II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publius_Septimius_Geta" class="mw-redirect" title="Publius Septimius Geta">Publius Septimius Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Laberius_Durus" title="Quintus Laberius Durus">Quintus Laberius Durus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redechius" title="Redechius">Redechius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redon_of_Britain" title="Redon of Britain">Redon of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regan_(King_Lear)" title="Regan (King Lear)">Regan (King Lear)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhydderch_Hael" title="Rhydderch Hael">Rhydderch Hael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivallo" title="Rivallo">Rivallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rud_Hud_Hudibras" title="Rud Hud Hudibras">Rud Hud Hudibras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runo_(legendary_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runo (legendary king)">Runo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawyl_Penuchel" title="Sawyl Penuchel">Sawyl Penuchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvius_(mythology)" title="Silvius (mythology)">Silvius (mythology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_I" title="Sisillius I">Sisillius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_II" title="Sisillius II">Sisillius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_III" title="Sisillius III">Sisillius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Gorbonianus" title="Son of Gorbonianus">Son of Gorbonianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasciovanus" title="Tasciovanus">Tasciovanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trahern" title="Trahern">Trahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnus" title="Turnus">Turnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urianus" title="Urianus">Urianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venissa" title="Venissa">Venissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortimer" title="Vortimer">Vortimer</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guoloph" title="Battle of Guoloph">Battle of Guoloph</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Tywysogion" title="Brut y Tywysogion">Brut y Tywysogion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">Excalibur</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Regum_Britanniae" title="Gesta Regum Britanniae">Gesta Regum Britanniae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailoken" title="Lailoken">Lailoken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_kings_of_Britain" title="List of legendary kings of Britain">List of legendary kings of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_rulers_of_Cornwall" title="List of legendary rulers of Cornwall">List of legendary rulers of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molmutine_Laws" title="Molmutine Laws">Molmutine Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riothamus" title="Riothamus">Riothamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Malvam" title="River Malvam">River Malvam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Exeter_(c._630)" title="Siege of Exeter (c. 630)">Siege of Exeter (c. 630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Locations associated with Arthurian legend">Locations associated with Arthurian legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treason_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Treason of the Long Knives">Treason of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinovantum" title="Trinovantum">Trinovantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_genealogy_of_Nennius" title="Trojan genealogy of Nennius">Trojan genealogy of Nennius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vera_historia_de_morte_Arthuri" title="Vera historia de morte Arthuri">Vera historia de morte Arthuri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Oxford" title="Walter of Oxford">Walter of Oxford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&oldid=1274481698">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Badon&oldid=1274481698</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:5th-century_conflicts" title="Category:5th-century conflicts">5th-century conflicts</a></li><li><a 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