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</ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1849</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 177 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-177" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">177 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1849 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1849 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1849 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1849 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B4%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۴۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۴۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AF" title="১৮৪৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৪৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_n%C3%AE" title="1849 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1849 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1849 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1849 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849." title="1849. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1849." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1849 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1849 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B4%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۴۹ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۴۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849%E5%B9%B4" title="1849年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1849年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1849-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1849-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849%EB%85%84" title="1849년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1849년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AF" title="१८४९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८४९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849." title="1849. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1849." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১৮৪৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮৪৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1849-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1849-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%AA%E0%B3%AF" title="೧೮೪೯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೪೯" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1849 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1849 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1849 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1849 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1849-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1849-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1849 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1849 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_%D0%B8" title="1849 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1849 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849._gads" title="1849. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1849. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1849 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1849 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_m." title="1849 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1849 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AF" title="१८४९ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८४९" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. १८४९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८४९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B4%DB%B9" title="۱۸۴۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۴۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1849 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1849 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%84%E1%81%89" title="၁၈၄၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၄၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AF" title="सन् १८४९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १८४९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849%E5%B9%B4" title="1849年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1849年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1849 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1849 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%AA%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୮୪୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୪୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AF" title="१८४९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८४९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1849" title="Joohr 1849 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1849" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1849 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1849 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AF" title="१८४९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८४९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849%D8%B9" title="1849ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1849ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A4%D9%A9" title="١٨٤٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٤٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849." title="1849. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1849." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1849 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1849 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2392" title="พ.ศ. 2392 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2392" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1849" title="Соли 1849 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1849" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849%D8%A1" title="1849ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1849ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_nienz" title="1849 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1849 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%9B%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4" title="一八四九年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一八四九年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849%E5%B9%B4" title="1849年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1849年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849%E5%B9%B4" title="1849年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1849年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" title="1849 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1849" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849%E5%B9%B4" title="1849年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1849年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1820s" title="1820s">1820s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860s" title="1860s">1860s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1846" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1846">1846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1847" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1847">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1848" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1848">1848</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1849" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1849">1849</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1850" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1850">1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1851" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1851">1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1852" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1852">1852</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Field_Marshal_Radetzky_and_his_staff_at_the_Battle_of_Novara_on_March_23,_1849_(by_Albrecht_Adam).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Field_Marshal_Radetzky_and_his_staff_at_the_Battle_of_Novara_on_March_23%2C_1849_%28by_Albrecht_Adam%29.jpg/250px-Field_Marshal_Radetzky_and_his_staff_at_the_Battle_of_Novara_on_March_23%2C_1849_%28by_Albrecht_Adam%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Field_Marshal_Radetzky_and_his_staff_at_the_Battle_of_Novara_on_March_23%2C_1849_%28by_Albrecht_Adam%29.jpg/500px-Field_Marshal_Radetzky_and_his_staff_at_the_Battle_of_Novara_on_March_23%2C_1849_%28by_Albrecht_Adam%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a>: The pivotal <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novara_(1849)" title="Battle of Novara (1849)">Battle of Novara (1849)</a> is fought in unifying Italy into a single nation.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vil%C3%A1gosi_fegyverlet%C3%A9tel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Vil%C3%A1gosi_fegyverlet%C3%A9tel.jpg/250px-Vil%C3%A1gosi_fegyverlet%C3%A9tel.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Vil%C3%A1gosi_fegyverlet%C3%A9tel.jpg/375px-Vil%C3%A1gosi_fegyverlet%C3%A9tel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Vil%C3%A1gosi_fegyverlet%C3%A9tel.jpg/500px-Vil%C3%A1gosi_fegyverlet%C3%A9tel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a>: Hungarian Revolution of 1848 ends with the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_at_Vil%C3%A1gos" title="Surrender at Világos">surrender at Világos</a> of Hungarian rebels to the Russian Army.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1849" title="Category:1849">1849 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_archaeology" title="1849 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_architecture" title="1849 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_art" title="1849 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_literature" title="1849 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_poetry" title="1849 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_music" title="1849 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_Australia" title="1849 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_Belgium" title="1849 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_Brazil" title="1849 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_Canada" title="1849 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_China" title="1849 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_Denmark" title="1849 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_France" title="1849 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_Germany" title="1849 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_New_Zealand" title="1849 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_Norway" title="1849 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_Portugal" title="1849 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_Russia" title="1849 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_South_Africa" title="1849 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_Sweden" title="1849 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1849 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_the_United_States" title="1849 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_rail_transport" title="1849 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_science" title="1849 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_sports" title="1849 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1849" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1849">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1849_in_law" title="Category:1849 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1849_births" title="Category:1849 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1849_deaths" title="Category:1849 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1849_establishments" title="Category:1849 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1849_disestablishments" title="Category:1849 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1849_works" title="Category:1849 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1849 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1849<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCXLIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2602</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1298<br />ԹՎ ՌՄՂԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6599</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>5–6</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1770–1771</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1255–1256</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2799</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>12 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a> – 13 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2393</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1211</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7357–7358</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊申</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />4546 or 4339<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />己酉年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>)<br />4547 or 4340</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1565–1566</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3015</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1841–1842</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5609–5610</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1905–1906</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1770–1771</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4949–4950</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11849</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>849–850</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1227–1228</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1265–1266</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kaei" title="Kaei">Kaei</a> 2<br />(嘉永２年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1777–1778</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4182</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>63 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前63年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>381</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2391–2392</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土猴年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />1975 or 1594 or 822<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴土鸡年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>)<br />1976 or 1595 or 823</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1849" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1849">1849</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1849</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCXLIX</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Monday" title="Common year starting on Monday">common year starting on Monday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Saturday" title="Common year starting on Saturday">common year starting on Saturday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1849th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 849th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 49th year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 10th and last year of the <a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a> decade. As of the start of 1849, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – France begins issue of the <a href="/wiki/Ceres_series_(France)" title="Ceres series (France)">Ceres series</a>, the nation's first <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamps</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The Austrian army, led by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_I,_Prince_of_Windisch-Gr%C3%A4tz" title="Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz">Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz</a>, enters in the Hungarian capitals, <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pest,_Hungary" title="Pest, Hungary">Pest</a>. The Hungarian government and parliament flee to <a href="/wiki/Debrecen" title="Debrecen">Debrecen</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanian</a> armed groups massacre 600 unarmed Hungarian civilians, at <a href="/wiki/Aiud" title="Aiud">Nagyenyed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HungarianHistory_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HungarianHistory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a> – Battle of Tooele: British forces retreat from the Sikhs.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Vancouver_Island" title="Colony of Vancouver Island">Colony of Vancouver Island</a> is established.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> <ul><li>General elections are held in the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: At <a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Nagyszeben</a> (now Sibiu in Romania)– The Hungarian army in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Josef_Bem" class="mw-redirect" title="Josef Bem">Josef Bem</a>, is defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrians</a>, led by Anton Puchner.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a> is awarded her M.D. by the Medical Institute of <a href="/wiki/Geneva,_New_York" title="Geneva, New York">Geneva, New York</a>, thus becoming the United States' first woman doctor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Fayetteville_and_Western_Plank_Road" title="Fayetteville and Western Plank Road">Fayetteville and Western Plank Road</a> Company is incorporated, to build a plank road from <a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_North_Carolina" title="Fayetteville, North Carolina">Fayetteville</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bethania,_North_Carolina" title="Bethania, North Carolina">Bethania, North Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_General_Assembly" title="North Carolina General Assembly">North Carolina General Assembly</a> incorporates the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Railroad" title="North Carolina Railroad">North Carolina Railroad</a>, to complete a rail line from <a href="/wiki/Goldsboro,_North_Carolina" title="Goldsboro, North Carolina">Goldsboro</a> through <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_North_Carolina" title="Salisbury, North Carolina">Salisbury</a> to <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – The abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Corn_Laws" title="Corn Laws">Corn Laws</a> by the United Kingdom's Importation Act <a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a> comes fully into effect.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_V%C3%ADzakna" title="Battle of Vízakna">Battle of Vízakna</a> – The Austrian army, led by Anton Puchner, defeats the Hungarians, led by general <a href="/wiki/Josef_Bem" class="mw-redirect" title="Josef Bem">Josef Bem</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The Hungarian revolutionary army, led by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Guyon" title="Richard Guyon">Richard Guyon</a>, breaks through the pass of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Branyiszk%C3%B3" title="Battle of Branyiszkó">Branyiszkó</a>, defeating the Austrian defenders.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – The new <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (19th century)">Roman Republic</a> is proclaimed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Piski" title="Battle of Piski">Battle of Piski</a> – <a href="/wiki/Josef_Bem" class="mw-redirect" title="Josef Bem">Josef Bem</a>'s Hungarian army defeats Anton Puchner.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – In New York City, <a href="/wiki/James_Knox_Polk" class="mw-redirect" title="James Knox Polk">James Knox Polk</a> becomes the first President of the United States to have his photograph taken.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gujrat" title="Battle of Gujrat">Battle of Gujrat</a> – Forces of the British <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> defeat those of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a> in <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (region)">Punjab</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%A1polna" title="Battle of Kápolna">Battle of Kápolna</a> – The Austrians defeat the Hungarians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – Regular <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a> service from the west to the east coast of the United States begins, with the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/SS_California_(1848)" title="SS California (1848)">SS <i>California</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a>. The <i>California</i> leaves <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> on <a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a>, <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>, rounds <a href="/wiki/Cape_Horn" title="Cape Horn">Cape Horn</a> at the tip of South America, and arrives at <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> after the 4-month, 21-day journey.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a> is established, incorporating the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Office</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_General_Land_Office" title="United States General Land Office">United States General Land Office</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Indian_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Indian Affairs">Office of Indian Affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">Patent and Trademark Office</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Territory" title="Minnesota Territory">Minnesota</a> becomes a <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">United States territory</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> passes the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coinage_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Coinage Act">Gold Coinage Act</a> allowing the minting of two additional denominations of <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coins</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">gold dollar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">double eagle</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The Habsburg emperor <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I of Austria</a> promulgates at <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a> the <a href="/wiki/March_Constitution_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="March Constitution of Austria">March Constitution of Austria</a>, which abolishes the <a href="/wiki/April_Laws" title="April Laws">April Laws</a> promulgated by the Hungarian Batthyány-govern, and degrades Hungary to a simple Austrian province.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Szolnok" title="Second Battle of Szolnok">Second Battle of Szolnok</a>: The Hungarians led by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Damjanich" title="János Damjanich">János Damjanich</a> and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_V%C3%A9csey" title="Károly Vécsey">Károly Vécsey</a> defeat the Austrians.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The Hungarian army of <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, under general <a href="/wiki/Josef_Bem" class="mw-redirect" title="Josef Bem">Josef Bem</a>, defeats the Russian-Austrian army at <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Nagyszeben" title="Second Battle of Nagyszeben">Second Battle of Nagyszeben</a>, capturing the city which is the headquarters of Austrian general Anton Puchner. Most of Transylvania is liberated from the Austrian rule. The Austrian and the Russian troops flee to <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First Italian War of Independence</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novara_(1849)" title="Battle of Novara (1849)">Battle of Novara</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> suffers a huge defeat after a two day battle, and King <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Albert">Charles Albert</a> of Sardinia abdicates.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> <ul><li>Four Christians are ordered to be burnt alive in <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, by Queen <a href="/wiki/Ranavalona_I" title="Ranavalona I">Ranavalona I</a>; 14 others are executed.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_National_Assembly" title="Frankfurt National Assembly">Frankfurt National Assembly</a> adopts the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Constitution" title="Frankfurt Constitution">Frankfurt Constitution</a>, providing for a constitutional monarchy for Germany under a hereditary emperor and with a two-chamber parliament.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a> ends, with the United Kingdom annexing the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (region)">Punjab</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Duleep_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Duleep Singh">Maharaja Duleep Singh</a> is exiled to England.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Parliament">Frankfurt Parliament</a> completes its drafting of a liberal constitution, and elects <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick William IV">Frederick William IV</a> emperor of the new German national state.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> <ul><li>After <a href="/wiki/Ten_Days_of_Brescia" title="Ten Days of Brescia">10 days</a>, the insurrection in <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a> is ended by <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a> troops.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The Hungarian Revolutionary Army, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_G%C3%B6rgey" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Görgey">Arthur Görgey</a>, starts the victorious <a href="/wiki/Spring_Campaign" title="Spring Campaign">Spring Campaign</a>, which leads to the liberation of much of Hungary from the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a> forces.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/German_revolutions_of_1848%E2%80%9349" class="mw-redirect" title="German revolutions of 1848–49">German revolutions of 1848–49</a> end in failure, as King Frederick William IV of Prussia refuses to accept the offer of the Frankfurt National Assembly, to be crowned as German emperor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hatvan" title="Battle of Hatvan">Battle of Hatvan</a>: The Hungarian revolutionary army, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_G%C3%A1sp%C3%A1r_(general)" title="András Gáspár (general)">András Gáspár</a>, defeats the <a href="/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrians</a>, led by general <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schlik" title="Franz Schlik">Franz Schlik</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_T%C3%A1pi%C3%B3bicske" title="Battle of Tápióbicske">Battle of Tápióbicske</a>: Hungarian forces, under the generals <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Klapka" title="György Klapka">György Klapka</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Damjanich" title="János Damjanich">János Damjanich</a>, defeat the Austrian-Croatian army, led by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schlik" title="Franz Schlik">Franz Schlik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josip_Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Josip Jelačić">Josip Jelačić</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Isaszeg_(1849)" title="Battle of Isaszeg (1849)">Battle of Isaszeg</a>: The main Hungarian forces, led by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_G%C3%B6rgey" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Görgey">Arthur Görgey</a>, defeat the main imperial forces, led by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_I,_Prince_of_Windisch-Gr%C3%A4tz" title="Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz">Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz</a>, forcing them to retreat westward.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_V%C3%A1c_(1849)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vác (1849)">Battle of Vác</a>: The Hungarians, led by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Damjanich" title="János Damjanich">János Damjanich</a>, defeat the Austrians, led by Christian Götz, who dies after the battle due to his injuries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: Because of his series of defeats suffered from the Hungarian army, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_I,_Prince_of_Windisch-Gr%C3%A4tz" title="Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz">Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz</a> is released from the supreme command of the Austrian forces in Hungary, and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Welden" title="Ludwig von Welden">Ludwig von Welden</a>.</li> <li>Astronomer <a href="/wiki/Annibale_de_Gasparis" title="Annibale de Gasparis">Annibale de Gasparis</a> discovers the asteroid <a href="/wiki/10_Hygiea" title="10 Hygiea">10 Hygiea</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The Hungarian revolutionary parliament in <a href="/wiki/Debrecen" title="Debrecen">Debrecen</a> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Hungarian Declaration of Independence">declares independence</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Habsburg Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nagysall%C3%B3" title="Battle of Nagysalló">Battle of Nagysalló</a>: The Hungarian revolutionary army, led by <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Klapka" title="György Klapka">György Klapka</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Damjanich" title="János Damjanich">János Damjanich</a>, defeat the Austrian army, led by Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Wohlgemuth" title="Ludwig von Wohlgemuth">Ludwig von Wohlgemuth</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Famine (Ireland)</a>: 96 inmates of the overcrowded <a href="/wiki/Ballinrobe" title="Ballinrobe">Ballinrobe</a> Union Workhouse died over the course of the preceding week from illness and other famine-related conditions, a record high.</li> <li>The Austrian government asks Russian help against the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution</a>. Tsar <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I of Russia</a> agrees to send troops against Hungary.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy</a> arrives in America.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Bruce,_8th_Earl_of_Elgin" title="James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin">James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a>, signs the <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_Losses_Bill" title="Rebellion Losses Bill">Rebellion Losses Bill</a>, outraging <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>'s <a href="/wiki/English_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="English Canadian">English</a> population and triggering the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Riots">Montreal Riots</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Kom%C3%A1rom_(1849)" title="First Battle of Komárom (1849)">Battle of Komárom</a>: Hungarian forces relieve the city and castle with the same name from a long Austrian siege. The Austrian imperial forces and their <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbian</a> allies are chased out from Hungary, or near the borders of the country.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> enters Rome, to defend it from the French troops of General <a href="/wiki/Charles_Oudinot" title="Charles Oudinot">Charles Oudinot</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Second_Carlist_War" title="Second Carlist War">Second Carlist War</a> ends in Spain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: A new independent Hungarian government, led by <a href="/wiki/Bertalan_Szemere" title="Bertalan Szemere">Bertalan Szemere</a>, is formed. The head of state of Hungary becomes <a href="/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth" title="Lajos Kossuth">Lajos Kossuth</a>, as governor president.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/May_Uprising_in_Dresden" title="May Uprising in Dresden">May Uprising in Dresden</a>, last of the <a href="/wiki/German_revolutions_of_1848%E2%80%9349" class="mw-redirect" title="German revolutions of 1848–49">German revolutions of 1848–49</a>, begins. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a> is among the participants.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> levee at <a href="/wiki/Sauv%C3%A9%27s_Crevasse" title="Sauvé's Crevasse">Sauvé's Crevasse</a> breaks, flooding much of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/May_Uprising_in_Dresden" title="May Uprising in Dresden">May Uprising in Dresden</a> is suppressed by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Kingdom of Saxony</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Astor_Place_Riot" title="Astor Place Riot">Astor Place Riot</a> takes place in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, over a dispute between two Shakespearean actors; over 20 people are killed when troops fire on the rioters.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – Troops of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> take <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, and crush the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_revolution_of_1848" title="Sicilian revolution of 1848">republican government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Fire_(1849)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis Fire (1849)">St. Louis Fire</a> starts when a <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a> catches fire and nearly burns down the entire city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The Hungarian army, led by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_G%C3%B6rgey" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Görgey">Arthur Görgey</a>, captures the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Buda_(1849)" title="Siege of Buda (1849)">Castle of Buda</a>, liberating the Hungarian capital city completely. The leader of the defending Austrian forces, General <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hentzi" title="Heinrich Hentzi">Heinrich Hentzi</a>, dies because of his injuries. The Hungarian government moves back from <a href="/wiki/Debrecen" title="Debrecen">Debrecen</a> to <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Jacob_von_Haynau" title="Julius Jacob von Haynau">Julius Jacob von Haynau</a> replaces <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Welden" title="Ludwig von Welden">Ludwig von Welden</a> as leader of the Austrian forces in Hungary, because of the failure of the latter to stop the advance of the Hungarian forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Denmark" title="History of Denmark">Denmark</a> becomes a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The first Russian troops, led by Lieutenant General Fyodor Sergeyevich Panyutin, who come in the aid of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a>, cross the Hungarian border at <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Pozsony</a>, in order to crush the Hungarian revolution.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – The settlement of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a>, is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The main Russian forces, led by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Paskevich" title="Ivan Paskevich">Ivan Paskevich</a>, cross the Hungarian border, and together with the Austrian troops, led by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Jacob_von_Haynau" title="Julius Jacob von Haynau">Julius Jacob von Haynau</a>, start the final attack against the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution</a>. Now the Hungarian revolutionary troops, numbering 173,000 soldiers, which even before the Russian attack were in inferiority regarding their numbers, and the quality of their weapons and war industry, face a force of 370,000 Austro-Russian forces,<sup id="cite_ref-EgyEvszazadosPer_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EgyEvszazadosPer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other tens of thousands of Croatian, Serbian and Romanian insurgents, who serve the Habsburg imperial interests.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> Rump Parliament, made up of the remaining 154 mostly democratic and republican deputies of the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_National_Assembly" title="Frankfurt National Assembly">Frankfurt National Assembly</a> who moved there in early June, is dissolved by Württemberg military. Most of the liberal and conservative deputies of the National Assembly had already laid down their mandates in May under pressure of the Austrian and Prussian governments.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: Russian troops, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_L%C3%BCders" title="Alexander von Lüders">Alexander von Lüders</a>, break in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, and, together with the Austrian forces, start to operate against the Hungarian troops, led by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Bem" title="Józef Bem">Józef Bem</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The Russo-Austrian army, led by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Jacob_von_Haynau" title="Julius Jacob von Haynau">Julius Jacob von Haynau</a>, defeats the Hungarians under the command of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_G%C3%B6rgey" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Görgey">Arthur Görgey</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pered" title="Battle of Pered">Battle of Pered</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The Austrian army, led by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Jacob_von_Haynau" title="Julius Jacob von Haynau">Julius Jacob von Haynau</a>, defeats the Hungarians, led by <a href="/wiki/Ern%C5%91_Poeltenberg" title="Ernő Poeltenberg">Ernő Poeltenberg</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gy%C5%91r" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Győr">Battle of Győr</a>. The Hungarian army is forced to retreat towards <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kom%C3%A1rom_(1849)" title="Second Battle of Komárom (1849)">Second Battle of Komárom</a>: The Hungarian army, led by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_G%C3%B6rgey" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Görgey">Arthur Görgey</a>, repulses the combined attack of the Austrian and Russian troops led by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Jacob_von_Haynau" title="Julius Jacob von Haynau">Julius Jacob von Haynau</a>. During the battle Görgey suffers a heavy head injury, which prevents him from taking advantage of this success.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – French troops occupy Rome; the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (19th century)">Roman Republic</a> surrenders.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericia" title="Battle of Fredericia">Battle of Fredericia</a>: The Danish Army beats the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussian</a> army at <a href="/wiki/Fredericia" title="Fredericia">Fredericia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a>, thereby putting an end to the Prussian-Danish War until <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kom%C3%A1rom_(1849)" title="Third Battle of Komárom (1849)">Third Battle of Komárom</a>: The Hungarian army, led by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_G%C3%B6rgey" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Görgey">Arthur Görgey</a>, is defeated by the Austrians, led by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Jacob_von_Haynau" title="Julius Jacob von Haynau">Julius Jacob von Haynau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charleston_Workhouse_Slave_Rebellion" title="Charleston Workhouse Slave Rebellion">Charleston Workhouse Slave Rebellion</a>: A slave uprising led by Nicholas Kelly took place at the Workhouse in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>; the white community quickly suppressed the revolt, captured 37 freedom seekers, and tried and hanged 3 of the leaders.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: <ul><li>Because of the imminent Austrian attack, the Hungarian government moves from <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> to <a href="/wiki/Szeged" title="Szeged">Szeged</a>.</li> <li>Hungarian troops, led by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Guyon" title="Richard Guyon">Richard Guyon</a>, defeat the <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatian</a>-Austrian army led by <a href="/wiki/Josip_Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Josip Jelačić">Josip Jelačić</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kishegyes" title="Battle of Kishegyes">Battle of Kishegyes</a>, securing southern Hungary for the revolutionary government.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">airstrike</a> in history: Austria launches pilotless balloons against the city of <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: Hungarians, led by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_G%C3%B6rgey" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Görgey">Arthur Görgey</a>, and the Russians, led by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Paskevich" title="Ivan Paskevich">Ivan Paskevich</a>, battle indecisively in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_V%C3%A1c_(1849)" title="Second Battle of Vác (1849)">Second Battle of Vác</a>. The Russians are unsuccessful in destroying the Hungarian army, which retreats towards the east.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> <ul><li>French scientist <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Fizeau" title="Hippolyte Fizeau">Hippolyte Fizeau</a> makes a <a href="/wiki/Fizeau%27s_measurement_of_the_speed_of_light_in_air" title="Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in air">measurement of the speed of light in air</a> using a specially devised apparatus.</li> <li>German revolutionaries capitulate in the <a href="/wiki/Rastatt_Fortress" title="Rastatt Fortress">Rastatt Fortress</a> in Baden to Prussian troops, marking the end of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Constitution_campaign" title="Imperial Constitution campaign">Imperial Constitution campaign</a> in which radical democrats tried to defend the revolution. Other centres of resistance had been <a href="/wiki/Palatine_uprising" title="Palatine uprising">the Bavarian Palatinate</a>, Westphalia, and the Rhineland but these had quickly been subdued by counter-revolutionary forces.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The Hungarian government, led by <a href="/wiki/Bertalan_Szemere" title="Bertalan Szemere">Bertalan Szemere</a> promulgates the Nationality Law, which gives important rights to the nationalities of Hungary, like the right to use their mother tongue in school, church, army, court and administration. The <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> are declared a nation, and not a minority, in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>. The <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary" title="History of the Jews in Hungary">Jews</a> receive equality thanks to the Emancipation Decree.<sup id="cite_ref-TörténelmiSzemle_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TörténelmiSzemle-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Segesv%C3%A1r" title="Battle of Segesvár">Battle of Segesvár</a>: The Russian troops in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_L%C3%BCders" title="Alexander von Lüders">Alexander von Lüders</a>, crush the Hungarian forces, under the lead of <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Bem" title="Józef Bem">Józef Bem</a>. Hungarian poet and revolutionary <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_Pet%C5%91fi" title="Sándor Petőfi">Sándor Petőfi</a> is killed in the battle by the Russians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Joven_Daniel" title="Joven Daniel">Joven Daniel</a></i> wrecks at the coast of <a href="/wiki/Araucan%C3%ADa_(historic_region)" title="Araucanía (historic region)">Araucanía</a>, Chile, leading to allegations that local <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> tribes murdered survivors and kidnapped <a href="/wiki/Elisa_Bravo" title="Elisa Bravo">Elisa Bravo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Munoz2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munoz2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The Russian main forces, under <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Paskevich" title="Ivan Paskevich">Ivan Paskevich</a>, defeat the Hungarian army under <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Nagys%C3%A1ndor" title="József Nagysándor">József Nagysándor</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debrecen_(1849)" title="Battle of Debrecen (1849)">Battle of Debrecen</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The Hungarian defenders of <a href="/wiki/Kom%C3%A1rom" title="Komárom">Komárom</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Klapka" title="György Klapka">György Klapka</a>, destroy the besieging Austrian forces in the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Battle_of_Kom%C3%A1rom_(1849)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Battle of Komárom (1849)">Fourth Battle of Komárom</a>, liberating <a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%91r" title="Győr">Győr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kesfeh%C3%A9rv%C3%A1r" title="Székesfehérvár">Székesfehérvár</a>. But this victory comes too late to change the course of military events in the eastern part of the country, where the Hungarian forces are about to crumble under the heavy Austro-Russian pressure.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sz%C5%91reg" title="Battle of Szőreg">Battle of Szőreg</a>: Austrian forces, under <a href="/wiki/Julius_Jacob_von_Haynau" title="Julius Jacob von Haynau">Julius Jacob von Haynau</a>, defeat the Hungarian main forces under <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Dembi%C5%84ski" title="Henryk Dembiński">Henryk Dembiński</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Temesv%C3%A1r" title="Battle of Temesvár">Battle of Temesvár</a>: The main Russo-Austrian forces, led by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Jacob_von_Haynau" title="Julius Jacob von Haynau">Julius Jacob von Haynau</a>, win a decisive victory against the <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Bem" title="Józef Bem">Józef Bem</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth" title="Lajos Kossuth">Lajos Kossuth</a> and the Hungarian Government of <a href="/wiki/Bertalan_Szemere" title="Bertalan Szemere">Bertalan Szemere</a> resign, and give all powers to the hands of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_G%C3%B6rgey" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Görgey">Arthur Görgey</a>. After this Kossuth, the ministries and many military officers leave Hungary and seek asylum in Turkey.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: The main Hungarian army, under the lead of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_G%C3%B6rgey" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Görgey">Arthur Görgey</a>, capitulates to the Russian troops, led by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_von_R%C3%BCdiger" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor von Rüdiger">Theodor von Rüdiger</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Surrender_at_Vil%C3%A1gos" title="Surrender at Világos">Világos</a>. The official end of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution</a>, although the fortress of Komárom continue to resist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_San_Marco" title="Republic of San Marco">Republic of San Marco</a>) surrenders to Austrian troops after a 4-month siege.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – The first segment of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania Railroad</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Lewistown,_Pennsylvania" title="Lewistown, Pennsylvania">Lewistown</a> to <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a>, opens for service.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – African-American abolitionist <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a> escapes from slavery.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kom%C3%A1rom" title="Komárom">Komárom</a>, the last bastion of the Hungarian Revolution, surrenders to the Austrian forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_13_Martyrs_of_Arad" title="The 13 Martyrs of Arad">The 13 Martyrs of Arad</a> are executed after the Hungarian War of Independence, in repression by the Austrian authorities led by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Jacob_von_Haynau" title="Julius Jacob von Haynau">Julius Jacob von Haynau</a> (these martyrs being the generals of the Hungarian revolutionary army, who did not flee from Hungary after the suppression of the Hungarian revolution by the Russo-Austrian forces). Also today, <a href="/wiki/Lajos_Batthy%C3%A1ny" title="Lajos Batthyány">Lajos Batthyány</a>, the first Hungarian <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Hungary">prime minister</a>, is executed by Austrian authorities in <a href="/wiki/Pest,_Hungary" title="Pest, Hungary">Pest</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a> – <a href="/wiki/Austin_College" title="Austin College">Austin College</a> receives a charter in <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Texas" title="Huntsville, Texas">Huntsville, Texas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_California" title="Constitution of California">Constitution of California</a> is ratified in a general election.</li> <li>Swiss-born <a href="/wiki/Marie_Manning_(murderer)" title="Marie Manning (murderer)">Marie Manning</a> and her husband Frederick are publicly hanged for the murder of her lover in London, before a crowd of 30,000-50,000.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – A Russian court sentences <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyodor Dostoyevsky">Fyodor Dostoyevsky</a> to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group, the <a href="/wiki/Petrashevsky_Circle" title="Petrashevsky Circle">Petrashevsky Circle</a>. Facing a firing squad on <a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a>, the group members are reprieved at the last moment, and exiled to the <a href="/wiki/Katorga" title="Katorga">katorga</a> prison camps in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> <ul><li>German missionaries <a href="/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_Krapf" title="Johann Ludwig Krapf">Johann Ludwig Krapf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Rebmann" title="Johannes Rebmann">Johannes Rebmann</a> become the first Europeans to see <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kenya" title="Mount Kenya">Mount Kenya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>Abgeordnetenhaus</i>, lower house of the parliament of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>, passes a bill granting German Jews the same legal rights as German Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The measure draws a strong reaction from Christians across Bavaria, who sign petitions urging the upper house to prevent the equal rights measure from becoming law.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – After 17 days of deadlock and 63 votes, Democrat <a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Howell Cobb</a> of Georgia is elected <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the United States House of Representatives</a>, by a plurality of 102 votes to 99 for the former Speaker, the Whig Party's <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Winthrop" title="Robert C. Winthrop">Robert C. Winthrop</a> of Massachusetts. Neither the Democrats nor the Whigs have a majority of the 230 seats in the House, and after neither candidate can obtain the required 116 votes, the Representatives agree that the plurality will decide the leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Seven of the "best known" <a href="/wiki/Clipper#China_clippers_and_the_epitome_of_sail" title="Clipper">opium clippers</a> go missing: <i><a href="/wiki/Sylph_(1831_ship)" title="Sylph (1831 ship)">Sylph</a></i>, <i>Coquette</i>, <i>Kelpie</i>, <i>Greyhound</i>, <i>Don Juan</i>, <i>Mischief</i>, and <i>Anna Eliza.</i><sup id="cite_ref-lubbock_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lubbock-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemic</a> in New York kills 5,000.</li> <li>Global <a href="/wiki/Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare">healthcare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical">pharmaceutical</a> company <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> founded in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, United States.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG/110px-Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG" decoding="async" width="110" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG/165px-Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG/220px-Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleksander_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tochowski_by_Ignacy_%C5%81opie%C5%84ski_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Aleksander_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tochowski_by_Ignacy_%C5%81opie%C5%84ski_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Aleksander_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tochowski_by_Ignacy_%C5%81opie%C5%84ski_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Aleksander_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tochowski_by_Ignacy_%C5%81opie%C5%84ski_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Aleksander_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tochowski_by_Ignacy_%C5%81opie%C5%84ski_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3161" data-file-height="3737" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tochowski" title="Aleksander Świętochowski">Aleksander Świętochowski</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AugustStrindberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/AugustStrindberg.jpg/120px-AugustStrindberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/AugustStrindberg.jpg/250px-AugustStrindberg.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1295" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">August Strindberg</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oskar_Hertwig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Oskar_Hertwig.jpg/120px-Oskar_Hertwig.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Oskar_Hertwig.jpg/250px-Oskar_Hertwig.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hertwig" title="Oscar Hertwig">Oscar Hertwig</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Randolph_Churchill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lord_Randolph_Churchill.jpg/120px-Lord_Randolph_Churchill.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lord_Randolph_Churchill.jpg/250px-Lord_Randolph_Churchill.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">Lord Randolph Churchill</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_134-C1743,_Alfred_von_Tirpitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_134-C1743%2C_Alfred_von_Tirpitz.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_134-C1743%2C_Alfred_von_Tirpitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_134-C1743%2C_Alfred_von_Tirpitz.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_134-C1743%2C_Alfred_von_Tirpitz.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alfred_von_Tirpitz" title="Alfred von Tirpitz">Alfred von Tirpitz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0098A,_Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0098A%2C_Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0098A%2C_Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0098A%2C_Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0098A%2C_Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1420" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow" title="Bernhard von Bülow">Bernhard von Bülow</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_Shoken2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Empress_Shoken2_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Empress_Shoken2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Empress_Shoken2_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Empress_Shoken2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Empress_Sh%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Shōken">Empress Shōken</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Makarov" title="Stepan Makarov">Stepan Makarov</a>, Russian admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Hartley_(tennis)" title="John Hartley (tennis)">John Hartley</a>, English tennis player, double winner of Wimbledon (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Pinazo_Camarlench" title="Ignacio Pinazo Camarlench">Ignacio Pinazo Camarlench</a>, Spanish impressionist painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Moore_(cyclist)" title="James Moore (cyclist)">James Moore</a>, English winner of the first ever cycle race (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tochowski" title="Aleksander Świętochowski">Aleksander Świętochowski</a>, Polish writer of the Positivist period (d. <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Sir Edmund Barton</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">August Strindberg</a>, Swedish author, playwright, and painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">Lord Randolph Churchill</a>, British statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kielland" title="Alexander Kielland">Alexander Kielland</a>, Norwegian author (d. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Passannante" title="Giovanni Passannante">Giovanni Passannante</a>, Italian anarchist (d. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Luger" title="Georg Luger">Georg Luger</a>, Austrian firearm designer (d. <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luther_Burbank" title="Luther Burbank">Luther Burbank</a>, American biologist, botanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_von_Tirpitz" title="Alfred von Tirpitz">Alfred von Tirpitz</a>, German admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_S._Exner" title="Franz S. Exner">Franz S. Exner</a>, Austrian physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_William_Waterhouse" title="John William Waterhouse">John William Waterhouse</a>, Italian-born British artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Nebogatov" title="Nikolai Nebogatov">Nikolai Nebogatov</a>, Russian admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hertwig" title="Oscar Hertwig">Oscar Hertwig</a>, German zoologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Whitcomb_Babcock" title="Emma Whitcomb Babcock">Emma Whitcomb Babcock</a>, American litterateur and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Taggart_Clark" title="Helen Taggart Clark">Helen Taggart Clark</a>, American journalist and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gallieni" title="Joseph Gallieni">Joseph Gallieni</a>, French general (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a>, German mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Aubry" title="Augusto Aubry">Augusto Aubry</a>, Italian admiral, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kamimura_Hikonoj%C5%8D" title="Kamimura Hikonojō">Kamimura Hikonojō</a>, Japanese admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Benz" title="Bertha Benz">Bertha Benz</a>, German automotive pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow" title="Bernhard von Bülow">Bernhard von Bülow</a>, 8th <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(German_Reich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)">Chancellor of Germany</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Empress_Sh%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Shōken">Empress Shōken</a>, consort of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji of Japan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Hubbard_(admiral)" title="John Hubbard (admiral)">John Hubbard</a>, American admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Perrier" title="Louis Perrier">Louis Perrier</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Federal Council">Swiss Federal Council</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Webb" title="Aston Webb">Sir Aston Webb</a>, British architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Khuen-H%C3%A9derv%C3%A1ry" title="Károly Khuen-Héderváry">Károly Khuen-Héderváry</a>, 2-time prime minister of Hungary (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alzina_Stevens" title="Alzina Stevens">Alzina Stevens</a>, American labor leader, social reformer, and editor (d. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ancher" title="Michael Ancher">Michael Ancher</a>, Danish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Montt" title="Pedro Montt">Pedro Montt</a>, 14th president of Chile (d. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmalazarusengraving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Emmalazarusengraving.jpg/120px-Emmalazarusengraving.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Emmalazarusengraving.jpg/250px-Emmalazarusengraving.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1558" data-file-height="2180" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maurice_Barrymore_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Maurice_Barrymore_001.jpg/120px-Maurice_Barrymore_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Maurice_Barrymore_001.jpg/250px-Maurice_Barrymore_001.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="1635" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Barrymore" title="Maurice Barrymore">Maurice Barrymore</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarah_Orne_Jewett_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sarah_Orne_Jewett_7.jpg/110px-Sarah_Orne_Jewett_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sarah_Orne_Jewett_7.jpg/165px-Sarah_Orne_Jewett_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sarah_Orne_Jewett_7.jpg/220px-Sarah_Orne_Jewett_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="1321" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Orne_Jewett" title="Sarah Orne Jewett">Sarah Orne Jewett</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg/120px-Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg/250px-Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1135" data-file-height="1599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Whitcomb_Riley,_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/James_Whitcomb_Riley%2C_1913.jpg/120px-James_Whitcomb_Riley%2C_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/James_Whitcomb_Riley%2C_1913.jpg/250px-James_Whitcomb_Riley%2C_1913.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Whitcomb_Riley" title="James Whitcomb Riley">James Whitcomb Riley</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgFrobenius_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/GeorgFrobenius_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-GeorgFrobenius_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/GeorgFrobenius_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-GeorgFrobenius_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/GeorgFrobenius_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georg_Frobenius" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Frobenius">Georg Frobenius</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frances_Burnett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Frances_Burnett.jpg/120px-Frances_Burnett.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Frances_Burnett.jpg/250px-Frances_Burnett.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frances_Hodgson_Burnett" title="Frances Hodgson Burnett">Frances Hodgson Burnett</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_de_Langle_de_Cary" title="Fernand de Langle de Cary">Fernand de Langle de Cary</a>, French general (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Vasilyevich_Smirnov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov">Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov</a>, Russian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a>, American author and activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Nordau" title="Max Nordau">Max Nordau</a>, Austrian author, philosopher and <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Theodore_Compton" title="Edward Theodore Compton">Edward Theodore Compton</a>, English-German painter and mountain climber (d. <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Ernest_Henley" title="William Ernest Henley">William Ernest Henley</a>, English poet, writer, critic (d. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Godard" title="Benjamin Godard">Benjamin Godard</a>, French composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emma_Curtis_Hopkins" title="Emma Curtis Hopkins">Emma Curtis Hopkins</a>, American spiritual writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Orne_Jewett" title="Sarah Orne Jewett">Sarah Orne Jewett</a>, American writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Po%C3%AB" title="Edmund Poë">Sir Edmund Poë</a>, British admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Krobatin" title="Alexander von Krobatin">Alexander von Krobatin</a>, Austro-Hungarian field marshal and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a>, Russian physiologist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martha_Place" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha Place">Martha Place</a>, American murderer, first woman executed in the <a href="/wiki/Electric_chair" title="Electric chair">electric chair</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Barrymore" title="Maurice Barrymore">Maurice Barrymore</a>, British-American stage actor, playwright (d. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Seeliger" title="Hugo von Seeliger">Hugo von Seeliger</a>, German astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Whitcomb_Riley" title="James Whitcomb Riley">James Whitcomb Riley</a>, American poet and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_McQuesten" title="Mary Baker McQuesten">Mary Baker McQuesten</a>, Canadian letter writer and missionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Georg_Frobenius" title="Ferdinand Georg Frobenius">Ferdinand Georg Frobenius</a>, German mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Enkvist" class="mw-redirect" title="Oskar Enkvist">Oskar Enkvist</a>, Russian admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_Andrews" title="Marie Louise Andrews">Marie Louise Andrews</a>, American author and editor (d. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frances_Hodgson_Burnett" title="Frances Hodgson Burnett">Frances Hodgson Burnett</a>, English-American playwright, author (d. <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Ambrose_Fleming" title="John Ambrose Fleming">Sir Ambrose Fleming</a>, English electrical engineer, inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Seler" title="Eduard Seler">Eduard Seler</a>, Prussian scholar, Mesoamericanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/August_von_Mackensen" title="August von Mackensen">August von Mackensen</a>, German field marshal (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saionji_Kinmochi" title="Saionji Kinmochi">Saionji Kinmochi</a>, Japanese prince and prime minister (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Kissam_Vanderbilt" title="William Kissam Vanderbilt">William Kissam Vanderbilt</a>, American railway magnate (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Laura_M._Johns" title="Laura M. Johns">Laura M. Johns</a>, American suffragist, journalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick" title="Henry Clay Frick">Henry Clay Frick</a>, American industrialist, art collector (d. <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">John W. Kern</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_P._Rodgers" title="Raymond P. Rodgers">Raymond P. Rodgers</a>, American admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nogi_Maresuke" title="Nogi Maresuke">Nogi Maresuke</a>, Japanese general (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a>, Islamic reformer (d. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Cavazza" title="Elisabeth Cavazza">Elisabeth Cavazza</a>, American author, journalist, and music critic (d. <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Abbott_Lincoln_Coolidge" class="mw-redirect" title="Harriet Abbott Lincoln Coolidge">Harriet Abbott Lincoln Coolidge</a>, American philanthropist, author and reformer (d. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Eglin" title="Ellen Eglin">Ellen Eglin</a>, American inventor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlos_Karolidis" title="Pavlos Karolidis">Pavlos Karolidis</a>, Greek historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Loran" title="Aleksandr Loran">Aleksandr Loran</a>, Russian inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_Wilson_Pitblado" title="Euphemia Wilson Pitblado">Euphemia Wilson Pitblado</a>, American activist, social reformer, and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93June_2"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Edgeworth_by_John_Downman_1807.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Maria_Edgeworth_by_John_Downman_1807.jpg/110px-Maria_Edgeworth_by_John_Downman_1807.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Maria_Edgeworth_by_John_Downman_1807.jpg/165px-Maria_Edgeworth_by_John_Downman_1807.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Maria_Edgeworth_by_John_Downman_1807.jpg/220px-Maria_Edgeworth_by_John_Downman_1807.jpg 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth" title="Maria Edgeworth">Maria Edgeworth</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Roch_Jurien_de_La_Gravi%C3%A8re" title="Pierre Roch Jurien de La Gravière">Pierre Roch Jurien de La Gravière</a>, French admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1772" title="1772">1772</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Panoutsos_Notaras" title="Panoutsos Notaras">Panoutsos Notaras</a>, Greek politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Alder" title="Jonathan Alder">Jonathan Alder</a>, American settler (b. <a href="/wiki/1773" title="1773">1773</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/France_Pre%C5%A1eren" title="France Prešeren">France Prešeren</a>, Slovenian poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Regina_von_Siebold" title="Regina von Siebold">Regina von Siebold</a>, German physician, <a href="/wiki/Obstetrician" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstetrician">obstetrician</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1771" title="1771">1771</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Willem_II_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Willem II of the Netherlands">Willem II of the Netherlands</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Caspar_Mezzofanti" title="Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti">Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal, linguist (b. <a href="/wiki/1774" title="1774">1774</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Moine" title="Antonin Moine">Antonin Moine</a>, French sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Justinian_Morier" title="James Justinian Morier">James Justinian Morier</a>, British diplomat, author (b. <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_D%C3%B6bereiner" title="Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner">Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner</a>, German chemist (b. <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Short" title="Mary Short">Mary Short</a> queen consort of Awadh (b. 1802)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Ignacio_de_Castro_Barros" title="Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros">Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros</a>, Argentine statesman, priest (b. 1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hokusai" title="Hokusai">Hokusai</a>, Japanese Ukiyo-e Artist (b. 1760)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_R%C3%A9camier" title="Juliette Récamier">Juliette Récamier</a>, French socialite (b. <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Nicolai" title="Otto Nicolai">Otto Nicolai</a>, German composer, conductor (b. <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth" title="Maria Edgeworth">Maria Edgeworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_novelists" title="List of Irish novelists">Irish novelist</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1767" title="1767">1767</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_D%27Urban" title="Benjamin D'Urban">Benjamin D'Urban</a>, British general, colonial administrator (b. <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Anne Brontë</a>, English author (b. <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Bugeaud" title="Thomas Robert Bugeaud">Thomas Robert Bugeaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_France" title="Marshal of France">Marshal of France</a>, duke of Isly (b. <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Knox_Polk" class="mw-redirect" title="James Knox Polk">James Knox Polk</a>, 53, 11th president of the United States (b. <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93December_2"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edgar_Allan_Poe,_circa_1849,_restored,_squared_off.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Edgar_Allan_Poe%2C_circa_1849%2C_restored%2C_squared_off.jpg/120px-Edgar_Allan_Poe%2C_circa_1849%2C_restored%2C_squared_off.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Edgar_Allan_Poe%2C_circa_1849%2C_restored%2C_squared_off.jpg/250px-Edgar_Allan_Poe%2C_circa_1849%2C_restored%2C_squared_off.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="2188" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin_by_Bisson,_1849.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin_by_Bisson%2C_1849.png/110px-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin_by_Bisson%2C_1849.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin_by_Bisson%2C_1849.png/165px-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin_by_Bisson%2C_1849.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin_by_Bisson%2C_1849.png/220px-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin_by_Bisson%2C_1849.png 2x" data-file-width="1888" data-file-height="2610" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dolley_Madison" title="Dolley Madison">Dolley Madison</a>, 81, <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1768" title="1768">1768</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert of Sardinia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1798" title="1798">1798</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_Pet%C5%91fi" title="Sándor Petőfi">Sándor Petőfi</a>, Hungarian poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Urrea" title="José de Urrea">José de Urrea</a>, Mexican General (b. <a href="/wiki/1797" title="1797">1797</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali of Egypt</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1769" title="1769">1769</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hicks" title="Edward Hicks">Edward Hicks</a> American folk artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Laun" title="Friedrich Laun">Friedrich Laun</a>, German novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1770" title="1770">1770</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Joseph_Hofmann" title="Andreas Joseph Hofmann">Andreas Joseph Hofmann</a>, German philosopher and revolutionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Paredes_(President_of_Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariano Paredes (President of Mexico)">Mariano Paredes</a>, Mexican President and General</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Lee" title="Mary Elizabeth Lee">Mary Elizabeth Lee</a>, American writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_I" title="Johann Strauss I">Johann Strauss, Senior</a>, Austrian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lajos_Batthy%C3%A1ny" title="Lajos Batthyány">Lajos Batthyány</a>, Hungarian statesman (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1807" title="1807">1807</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>, American writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a>, Polish-French musician, composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(preacher)" title="William Miller (preacher)">William Miller</a>, American Baptist preacher, leader of the Second Advent Movement (b. <a href="/wiki/1782" title="1782">1782</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Saxe-Meiningen" title="Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen">Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="William IV of the United Kingdom">William IV of the United Kingdom</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kyai_Maja" title="Kyai Maja">Kyai Maja</a>, Javanese ulama and commander of Java War (b. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_3">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Taggart" title="Cynthia Taggart">Cynthia Taggart</a>, American poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Owl" title="Old Owl">Mupitsukupʉ (Old Owl)</a>, Comanche Civil Chief</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1849&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HungarianHistory-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HungarianHistory_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hungarian History: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/sekler/A49_Nagyenyed.pdf">January 8, 1849 And the Genocide of the Hungarians of Nagyenyed</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329131156/http://www.historync.org/plankroadslist.htm">"Plank Roads Chartered in North Carolina"</a>. <i>North Carolina Business History</i>. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historync.org/plankroadslist.htm">the original</a> on March 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+Carolina+Business+History&rft.atitle=Plank+Roads+Chartered+in+North+Carolina&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historync.org%2Fplankroadslist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1849" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726152211/http://historync.org/railroads.htm">"Railroads — prior to the Civil War"</a>. <i>North Carolina Business History</i>. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historync.org/railroads.htm">the original</a> on July 26, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+Carolina+Business+History&rft.atitle=Railroads+%E2%80%94+prior+to+the+Civil+War&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historync.org%2Frailroads.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1849" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EgyEvszazadosPer-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EgyEvszazadosPer_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Egy évszázados per. A Görgey-kérdés tegnap és ma: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orvostortenet.hu/tankonyvek/tk-05/pdf/3.8.2/1997_1998_158_165_antall_jozsef_egy_evszazados.pdf">The Görgey-Question Yesterday and Today</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150521073608/http://www.orvostortenet.hu/tankonyvek/tk-05/pdf/3.8.2/1997_1998_158_165_antall_jozsef_egy_evszazados.pdf">Archived</a> May 21, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHolman2009" class="citation web cs1">Holman, Brett (2009-08-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://airminded.org/2009/08/22/the-first-air-bomb-venice-15-july-1849/">"The first air bomb: Venice, 15 July 1849"</a>. Airminded<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+first+air+bomb%3A+Venice%2C+15+July+1849&rft.pub=Airminded&rft.date=2009-08-22&rft.aulast=Holman&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fairminded.org%2F2009%2F08%2F22%2Fthe-first-air-bomb-venice-15-july-1849%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1849" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TörténelmiSzemle-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TörténelmiSzemle_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Történelmi Szemle: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epa.oszk.hu/00600/00617/00002/tsz98_3_4_szasz_zoltan.htm">Szász Zoltán A nemzetiségek és az 1848-as magyar forradalom</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Munoz2010-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Munoz2010_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuñoz_Sougarret2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Muñoz Sougarret, Jorge (2010). "El naufragio del bergantín Joven Daniel, 1849. El indígena en el imaginario histórico de Chile". <i>Tiempo Histórico</i> (in Spanish) (1): <span class="nowrap">133–</span>148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tiempo+Hist%C3%B3rico&rft.atitle=El+naufragio+del+bergant%C3%ADn+Joven+Daniel%2C+1849.+El+ind%C3%ADgena+en+el+imaginario+hist%C3%B3rico+de+Chile&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E133-%3C%2Fspan%3E148&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Mu%C3%B1oz+Sougarret&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1849" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. W. Gregory, <i>The Great Rift Valley: Being the Narrative of a Journey to Mount Kenya and Lake Baringo with Some Account of the Geology, Natural History, Anthropology and Future Prospects of British East Africa</i> (Frank Cass and Company, 1896) (reprinted 1968) p182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James F. Harris, <i>The People Speak!: Anti-Semitism and Emancipation in Nineteenth-century Bavaria</i> (University of Michigan Press, 1994) p159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helmut Walser Smith, <i>The Continuities of German History: Nation, Religion, and Race across the Long Nineteenth Century</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2008) p133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holman Hamilton, <i>Prologue to Conflict: The Crisis and Compromise of 1850</i> (University Press of Kentucky, 2015) p42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lubbock-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lubbock_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLubbock1933" class="citation book cs1">Lubbock, Basil (1933). <i>The Opium Clippers</i>. Boston, MA: Charles E. Lauriat Co. p. 310.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Opium+Clippers&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pages=310&rft.pub=Charles+E.+Lauriat+Co&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Lubbock&rft.aufirst=Basil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1849" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Bronte">"Anne Brontë | British author"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Anne+Bront%C3%AB+%7C+British+author&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAnne-Bronte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1849" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRandel2002" class="citation book cs1">Randel, Don Michael (30 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HXILEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT866"><i>The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 866. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-25572-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-25572-2"><bdi>978-0-674-25572-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Harvard+Concise+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.pages=866&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002-10-30&rft.isbn=978-0-674-25572-2&rft.aulast=Randel&rft.aufirst=Don+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHXILEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1849" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRaditya" class="citation web cs1">Raditya, Iswara N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tirto.id/pecah-kongsi-pangeran-diponegoro-dan-kyai-mojo-cwyp">"Pecah Kongsi Pangeran Diponegoro dan Kyai Mojo"</a>. <i>tirto.id</i>. Tirto<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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