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Subak – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre

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class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Subak</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 25 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak" title="Subak — balinês" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Subak" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak" title="Subak — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Subak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak_(Bew%C3%A4sserungsgemeinschaft)" title="Subak (Bewässerungsgemeinschaft) — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Subak (Bewässerungsgemeinschaft)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88)" title="सुबक (सिंचाई) — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="सुबक (सिंचाई)" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak_(irrigation)" title="Subak (irrigation) — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Subak (irrigation)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak" title="Subak — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Subak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak" title="Subak — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Subak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak_(keinokastelu)" title="Subak (keinokastelu) — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Subak (keinokastelu)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak" title="Subak — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Subak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A7" title="סובאק — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סובאק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak" title="Subak — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Subak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak_(Bali)" title="Subak (Bali) — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Subak (Bali)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="スバック — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スバック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="სუბაკის საირიგაციო სისტემა — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სუბაკის საირიგაციო სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88)" title="सुबक (सिंचाई) — maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सुबक (सिंचाई)" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF)" title="സുബാക് (ജലസേചന രീതി) — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സുബാക് (ജലസേചന രീതി)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak" title="Subak — maltês" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Subak" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88)" title="सुबक (सिंचाई) — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सुबक (सिंचाई)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak_(waterschap)" title="Subak (waterschap) — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Subak (waterschap)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo recomendado"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Субак — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Субак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak" title="Subak — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Subak" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="ซูบัก — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซูบัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Субак — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Субак" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_canh_t%C3%A1c_Subak" title="Hệ thống canh tác Subak — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ thống canh tác Subak" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B" title="苏巴克 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苏巴克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4315#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Subak"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Subak" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Subak" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;oldid=61791199" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&amp;page=Subak&amp;id=61791199&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSubak"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSubak"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Subak"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Subak&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Balinese_subaks" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4315" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" 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.tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Formatar_referências plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">As referências deste artigo <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">necessitam de formatação</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Por favor, utilize <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">fontes apropriadas</a> contendo título, autor e data para que o verbete permaneça <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Verificabilidade" title="Wikipédia:Verificabilidade">verificável</a>.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Abril de 2017</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="line-height:1.2em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; padding:0; margin:0"><span class=""><div style="background-color:#5b92e5; width:100%"> <div style="display:table; width:100%"> <div style="display:table-row; color:white; width:100%"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:98%; vertical-align:middle">Paisagem Cultural da Província de Bali: o sistema Subak como manifestação da filosofia Tri Hita Karana&#160;<sup>★</sup></div> <div style="display:table-cell; float:right; width:44px"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Welterbe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Welterbe.svg/40px-Welterbe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Welterbe.svg/60px-Welterbe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Welterbe.svg/80px-Welterbe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="width:100%; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; margin-top:6px"><a href="/wiki/Patrim%C3%B3nio_Mundial" title="Património Mundial">Património Mundial</a> da <a href="/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_para_a_Educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o,_a_Ci%C3%AAncia_e_a_Cultura" title="Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura">UNESCO</a></div></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Bali_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bali_panorama.jpg/250px-Bali_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bali_panorama.jpg/375px-Bali_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bali_panorama.jpg/500px-Bali_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="723" /></a></span><br />Irrigação Subak em plantações de arroz </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold">Tipo </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Cultural </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold">Critérios </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Crit%C3%A9rios_de_sele%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Patrim%C3%B3nio_Mundial" title="Critérios de seleção de Património Mundial">ii, iii, v, vi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold">Referência </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">1194 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1194">en</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1194">fr</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/es/list/1194">es</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold">Região <sup>♦</sup> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_do_Patrim%C3%B3nio_Mundial_na_%C3%81sia_e_Oceania" title="Lista do Património Mundial na Ásia e Oceania">Ásia e Oceania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_s%C3%ADtios_do_Patrim%C3%B4nio_Mundial_da_UNESCO_por_pa%C3%ADs" title="Lista de sítios do Patrimônio Mundial da UNESCO por país">País</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sia" title="Indonésia">Indonésia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background-color:#5b92e5; color:white">Histórico de inscrição </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold">Inscrição </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; font-size:95%; background-color:#f0f5fa"><p><sup>★</sup> Nome usado na <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/es/list/1194">lista do Património Mundial</a></p><p>&#160;<sup>♦</sup> Região segundo a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?search=&amp;search_by_country=&amp;type=&amp;media=&amp;region=&amp;order=region">classificação pela UNESCO</a></p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Subak</b> é um sistema de <a href="/wiki/Irriga%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Irrigação">irrigação</a> para campos alagados na ilha de <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sia" title="Indonésia">Indonésia</a>, que foi desenvolvido há mais de mil anos. Para os balineses, a irrigação não se constitui do simples ato de molhar as plantas, mas sim da construção de um complexo ecossistema artificial.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansing1987_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansing1987-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Os campos alagados em Bali foram construídos ao redor de <i>templos de água</i> e a localização da água é feita por um pastor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistema">Sistema</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar secção: Sistema" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Sistema"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subak é um sistema de irrigação tradicional ecologicamente sustentável<sup id="cite_ref-jp_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jp-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> que liga a região agrária de Bali ao centro da comunidade de Bale Banjar e aos templos balineses. O manejo da água é feito sob a égide de pastores em templos de água sem esquecer a filosofia &#32;<span title="artigo inexistente: “Tri Hita Karana”">Tri Hita Karana</span> que mostra a relação entre os humanos, a terra e os deuses; um antigo método do <a href="/wiki/Hindu%C3%ADsmo" title="Hinduísmo">hinduísmo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ameaça"><span id="Amea.C3.A7a"></span>Ameaça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar secção: Ameaça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ameaça"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desde a década de 1960 que Bali vem atraindo muitos aventureiros e turistas do mundo todo.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Estimativas indicam que cerca de mil <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a> de campos alagados foram convertidos em construções turísticas, o que ameaça este antigo sistema de irrigação.<sup id="cite_ref-jp_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jp-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museu">Museu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar secção: Museu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Museu"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Em 1981, o Museu Subak foi aberto com poucos itens.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UNESCO">UNESCO</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar secção: UNESCO" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: UNESCO"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A UNESCO inscreveu a "Paisagem Cultural da Província de Bali: o sistema Subak como manifestação da filosofia Tri Hita Karana" como <a href="/wiki/Patrim%C3%B4nio_Mundial" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrimônio Mundial">Patrimônio Mundial</a> por <i>"ser um sistema democrático e igualitário de prática de cultivo criado pelos balineses a fim de tornar mais prolífico o cultivo de arroz no arquipélago desafiando a grande densidade populacional da região"</i><sup id="cite_ref-un_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-un-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referências"><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar secção: Referências" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Referências"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r60995074">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist" style=""> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lansing1987-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lansing1987_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lansing, J.S. (1987). «Balinese "Water Temples" and the Management of Irrigation». <i>American Anthropologist</i>. <b>89</b> (2): 326&#8211;341. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/677758">677758</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1987.89.2.02a00030">10.1525/aa.1987.89.2.02a00030</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASubak&amp;rft.atitle=Balinese+%22Water+Temples%22+and+the+Management+of+Irrigation&amp;rft.aufirst=J.S.&amp;rft.aulast=Lansing&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Anthropologist&amp;rft.pages=326-341&amp;rft.volume=89&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F677758&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Faa.1987.89.2.02a00030&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jp-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-jp_2-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-jp_2-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/05/21/subak-farming-world-heritage-listed.html">«<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Subak' farming world-heritage listed»</a>. 21 de maio de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASubak&amp;rft.btitle=%98Subak%99+farming+world-heritage+listed&amp;rft.date=2012-05-21&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2F05%2F21%2Fsubak-farming-world-heritage-listed.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/asia/balis-ancient-irrigation-system">http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/asia/balis-ancient-irrigation-system</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/04/18/a-thousand-years-can-subak-survive.html">«A thousand years on, can 'subak' survive?»</a>. 18 de abril de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASubak&amp;rft.btitle=A+thousand+years+on%2C+can+%98subak%99+survive%3F&amp;rft.date=2013-04-18&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2F04%2F18%2Fa-thousand-years-can-subak-survive.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-un-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-un_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy</i>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre - World Heritage List (whc.unesco.org). Em <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1194/">inglês</a>&#160;; em <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1194/">francês</a>&#160;; em <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/es/list/1194/">espanhol</a>. Páginas visitadas em 24/12/2013.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>J. Stephen Lansing, <i>Priests and Programmers: Technology of Power in the Engineered Landscape of Bali</i> Princeton University Press.</li> <li>"Balinese Water Temples Withstand Tests of Time and Technology" - National Science Foundation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6B1Zk5fYi?url=http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/research/Lansing%201996.htm">Simulation Modeling of Balinese Irrigation (extract)</a> by J. Stephen Lansing (1996)</li> <li>"The Impact of the Green Revolution and Capitalized Farming on the Balinese Water Temple System" by Jonathan Sepe (2000). Literature review.</li> <li><i>Direct Water Democracy in Bali</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://everybodyandnobody.wordpress.com/2009/12/05/direct-water-democracy-in-bali">[1]</a></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Patrimônio_Mundial_na_Indonésia_border&amp;#124;22px&amp;#124;link=Indonésia&amp;#124;alt=Indonésia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Patrim%C3%B3nio_Mundial_na_Indon%C3%A9sia" title="Predefinição:Património Mundial na Indonésia"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Patrim%C3%B3nio_Mundial_na_Indon%C3%A9sia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Património Mundial na Indonésia (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; 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border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" title="Portal da Indonésia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/38px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indon%C3%A9sia" title="Portal:Indonésia">Portal da Indonésia</a></span></span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7fc47fc68d‐687h9 Cached time: 20241128151922 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.534 seconds Real time usage: 0.738 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 9285/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34845/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4773/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14667/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.153/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2408114/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 597.822 1 -total 36.13% 216.022 1 Predefinição:Info/Património_Mundial 35.22% 210.565 1 Predefinição:Info 26.19% 156.542 1 Predefinição:Formatar_referências 18.49% 110.561 1 Predefinição:Ambox 15.08% 90.153 1 Predefinição:Portal3 14.64% 87.518 4 Predefinição:Portal3/Portais 9.56% 57.154 1 Predefinição:Reflist 7.53% 45.004 1 Predefinição:Património_Mundial_na_Indonésia 6.33% 37.832 8 Predefinição:Info/txt --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key ptwiki:pcache:4256914:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128151922 and revision id 61791199. 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