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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exempel_på_lingua_franca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exempel_på_lingua_franca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Exempel på lingua franca</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exempel_på_lingua_franca-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Exempel på lingua franca</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Exempel_på_lingua_franca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Afrika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Asien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nordamerika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nordamerika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Nordamerika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nordamerika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sydamerika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sydamerika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Sydamerika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sydamerika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lingua franca</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 100 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83" title="لغة تواصل مشترك – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة تواصل مشترك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llingua_franca" title="Llingua franca – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingua franca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linqva_franka" title="Linqva franka – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Linqva franka" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – balinesiska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="লিঙ্গুয়া ফ্রাঙ্কা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিঙ্গুয়া ফ্রাঙ্কা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лінгва франка – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лінгва франка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="लिंगुआ फ्रैंका – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिंगुआ फ्रैंका" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва франка – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лингва франка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezh_vehikular" title="Yezh vehikular – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezh vehikular" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_vehicular" title="Llengua vehicular – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua vehicular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва-франка – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лингва-франка" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkehrssprache" title="Verkehrssprache – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verkehrssprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_franca" title="Lengua franca – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua franca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingvafrankao" title="Lingvafrankao – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lingvafrankao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="زبان میانجی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان میانجی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_v%C3%A9hiculaire" title="Langue véhiculaire – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue véhiculaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francbh%C3%A9arla" title="Francbhéarla – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Francbhéarla" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%81%EA%B5%AC%EC%95%84_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%B9%B4" title="링구아 프랑카 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="링구아 프랑카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%A1_%D6%86%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Լինգվա ֆրանկա – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լինգվա ֆրանկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सम्पर्क भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सम्पर्क भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basantara" title="Basantara – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Basantara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Лингва-франкæ – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лингва-франкæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%94" title="לינגואה פרנקה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לינגואה פרנקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва франка – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лингва франка" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franka" title="Lingua franka – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lingua franka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9A:Link_language" title="ແມ່ແບບ:Link language – laotiska" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແມ່ແບບ:Link language" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_franca" title="Linguas franca – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas franca" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_franca" title="Lengua franca – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua franca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6zvet%C3%ADt%C5%91nyelv" title="Közvetítőnyelv – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Közvetítőnyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва франка – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лингва франка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="संपर्क भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संपर्क भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7" title="لينجوا فرانكا – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لينجوا فرانكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basantara" title="Basantara – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Basantara" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सम्पर्क भाषा – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सम्पर्क भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB" title="リングワ・フランカ – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リングワ・フランカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لنگوا فرانکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لنگوا فرانکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_franca" title="Língua franca – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua franca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb%C4%83_vehicular%C4%83" title="Limbă vehiculară – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbă vehiculară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва франка – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лингва франка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱝᱠᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱝᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_franca" title="Limba franca – sardinska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba franca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Franca" title="Lingua Franca – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lingua Franca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F" title="සම්බන්ධීකරණ භාෂා – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සම්බන්ධීකරණ භාෂා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A6%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AA%D8%A7" title="لنگئا فرانڪا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لنگئا فرانڪا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca_(dorozumievac%C3%AD_jazyk)" title="Lingua franca (dorozumievací jazyk) – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lingua franca (dorozumievací jazyk)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لینگوا فرانکا – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لینگوا فرانکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingguwa_prangka" title="Lingguwa prangka – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lingguwa prangka" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இணைப்பு மொழி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இணைப்பு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва-франка – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лингва-франка" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ภาษากลาง – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษากลาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linggwa_Fi%CC%B1rangka" title="Linggwa Fi̱rangka – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Linggwa Fi̱rangka" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лінгва франка – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лінгва франка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%90_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%DB%82_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%81" title="زبانِ رابطۂ عامہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زبانِ رابطۂ عامہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="通用语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="通用语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="通用語 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="通用語" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franka" title="Lingua franka – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Lingua franka" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="通用語 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="通用語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_kongko" title="Basa kongko – betawiska" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa kongko" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80839#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Lingua_franca" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Lingua_franca"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Lingua_franca" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Lingua_franca" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&oldid=56012343" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Lingua_franca&id=56012343&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLingua_franca"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLingua_franca"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Lingua+franca"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lingua_franca&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80839" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Lingua franca</b> är ett <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kvetenskap" title="Språkvetenskap">språkvetenskapligt</a> begrepp som i nutid generellt betecknar ett språk som används vid kommunikation mellan människor som inte förstår varandras <a href="/wiki/Modersm%C3%A5l" title="Modersmål">modersmål</a>. Det kan vara ett fullt utvecklat språk eller ett förenklat <a href="/wiki/Pidginspr%C3%A5k" title="Pidginspråk">pidginspråk</a>, alternativt även regional <a href="/wiki/Gruppspr%C3%A5k" title="Gruppspråk">jargong</a>. En vanlig from av det senare är <i>handelsjargong</i>; förenklade språk som används vid handel. </p><p>I modern tid utgör <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a> <i>lingua franca</i> för större delen av världen. I <a href="/wiki/Norden" title="Norden">Norden</a> finns historiska exempel som <a href="/wiki/Ryssnorska" title="Ryssnorska">ryssnorska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Borgarm%C3%A5let" title="Borgarmålet">borgarmålet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Etymologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Begreppet <i>lingua franca</i> är <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> för ”frankisk tunga” (se <a href="/wiki/Lingua" title="Lingua">lingua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franker" title="Franker">franker</a>) och betecknade ursprungligen ett idag utdött <a href="/wiki/Pidginspr%C3%A5k" title="Pidginspråk">pidginspråk</a> utvecklat i <a href="/wiki/Medelhavsomr%C3%A5det" class="mw-redirect" title="Medelhavsområdet">Medelhavsområdet</a> under <a href="/wiki/Korst%C3%A5g" title="Korståg">korstågstiden</a> för kommunikation mellan parter som annars inte förstår varandras tal.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r51224235">.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fbfbfb;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/40px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/60px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/80px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Den här sidan eller avsnittet <b>innehåller <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet" title="Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet">ifrågasatta faktauppgifter</a></b>. <small>(2024-10)</small> <br />Motivering: <i>Första och andra stycket motsäger varandra</i><br /><small>Hjälp gärna Wikipedia med att <b><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit">åtgärda problemet</a></b> om du kan, eller diskutera saken på <a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Lingua_franca" title="Diskussion:Lingua franca">diskussionssidan</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Termen <i>lingua franca</i> användes för första gången av franska och italienska <a href="/wiki/Korsfarare" class="mw-redirect" title="Korsfarare">korsfarare</a> i medelhavsområdet för att kommunicera med varandra. Den huvudsakliga metoden var att förenkla sina egna språk.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Från början avsåg termen lingua franca ett enda <a href="/wiki/Pidginspr%C3%A5k" title="Pidginspråk">pidginspråk</a> (blandspråk), vars ordförråd mest var hämtat från <a href="/wiki/Portugisiska" title="Portugisiska">portugisiska</a> och som från <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gmedeltiden" title="Högmedeltiden">högmedeltiden</a> och framåt användes i handel och liknande kontakter mellan <a href="/wiki/Araber" title="Araber">araber</a> och <a href="/wiki/Europ%C3%A9er" title="Européer">européer</a> i <a href="/wiki/Medelhavsomr%C3%A5det" class="mw-redirect" title="Medelhavsområdet">medelhavsområdet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Lingua franca</i> betyder ordagrant "det frankiska språket", vilket hör samman med att <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">muslimerna</a> efter <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Poitiers_(732)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaget vid Poitiers (732)">slaget vid Poitiers år 732</a> kallade alla <a href="/wiki/Romanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Romanska språk">romansktalande</a> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4steuropa" title="Västeuropa">västeuropéer</a> för <a href="/wiki/Franker" title="Franker">franker</a>. Den första texten skriven på lingua franca är daterad <a href="/wiki/1353" title="1353">1353</a>. Det finns bevis på förekomst redan på <a href="/wiki/1200-talet" title="1200-talet">1200-talet</a> men då i betydligt enklare form. Lingua franca talades i medelhavsområdet – i <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeriet" title="Algeriet">Algeriet</a> med flera områden – och användes framför allt för handel med vapen och annan krigsutrustning. Lingua franca talades så sent som på <a href="/wiki/1900-talet" title="1900-talet">1900-talet</a>. Som kuriosum kan sägas att det finns uppgifter om att européerna trodde det var <a href="/wiki/Arabiska" title="Arabiska">arabiska</a>, och <a href="/wiki/Araber" title="Araber">araberna</a> trodde det var <a href="/wiki/Franska" title="Franska">franska</a>.<sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">[<span title="Denna uppgift behöver källa (2012-01-25)"><i>källa behövs</i></span>]</a></sup> </p><p>Lingua franca ska inte förväxlas med <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_Franca_Nova" title="Lingua Franca Nova">Lingua Franca Nova</a></i>, som är ett <a href="/wiki/Konstgjorda_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstgjorda språk">konstgjort</a> <a href="/wiki/Planspr%C3%A5k" title="Planspråk">planspråk</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exempel_på_lingua_franca"><span id="Exempel_p.C3.A5_lingua_franca"></span>Exempel på lingua franca</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Exempel på lingua franca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Exempel på lingua franca"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Se även engelska artikeln: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lingua_francas" class="extiw" title="en:List of lingua francas">List of lingua francas</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Linguafranca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Linguafranca.jpg/250px-Linguafranca.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Linguafranca.jpg/375px-Linguafranca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Linguafranca.jpg/500px-Linguafranca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Franska var lingua franca i Afrika på 1830-talet.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bland nutida lingua franca i världen kan nämnas <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinesiska" title="Kinesiska">kinesiska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franska" title="Franska">franska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanska" title="Spanska">spanska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ryska" title="Ryska">ryska</a>. </p><p>Genom historien har det funnits olika lingua franca i olika regioner. <a href="/wiki/Arameiska" title="Arameiska">Arameiska</a> (sydvästra Asien mellan 700-talet f.Kr. och 650 e.Kr.) och <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">klassiskt latin</a> (i <a href="/wiki/Romerska_riket" title="Romerska riket">Romarriket</a> och i <a href="/wiki/Hansaf%C3%B6rbundet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansaförbundet">Hansaförbundet</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afrika">Afrika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Afrika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Afrika"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Språk </th> <th>Lingua franca i </th> <th>Övrig information </th> <th>Källa </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hausa" title="Hausa">hausa</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/22px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/33px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/44px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><br /> </td> <td>bland muslimer i <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sango" title="Sango">sango</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanska_republiken" title="Centralafrikanska republiken"><img alt="Centralafrikanska republiken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanska_republiken" title="Centralafrikanska republiken">Centralafrikanska republiken</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swahili" title="Swahili">swahili</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%96stafrika" title="Östafrika">Östafrika</a> </td> <td>officiellt språk i <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asien">Asien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Asien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Asien"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Språk </th> <th>Lingua franca i </th> <th>Övrig information </th> <th>Källa </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arameiska" title="Arameiska">arameiska</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sydv%C3%A4stasien" title="Sydvästasien">Sydvästasien</a> </td> <td>700-talet f.Kr. till 650 e.Kr. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kinesiska" title="Kinesiska">kinesiska</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%96stasien" title="Östasien">Östasien</a> </td> <td>Mestadels på grund av <a href="/wiki/Traditionella_kinesiska_tecken" title="Traditionella kinesiska tecken">skriftsystemet</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malajiska" title="Malajiska">malajiska</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malajiska_arkipelagen" title="Malajiska arkipelagen">Malajiska öarna</a> </td> <td>I <a href="/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien">Indonesien</a> heter språket <a href="/wiki/Indonesiska" title="Indonesiska">indonesiska</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4ndska" title="Nederländska">nederländska</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sydostasien" title="Sydostasien">Sydostasien</a> </td> <td>utdött, renässansen till sena 1900-talet </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">sanskrit</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien"><img alt="Indien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a> (historiskt) </td> <td>Nuförtiden ett viktigt språk i <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">hinduism</a> och <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">buddhism</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europa">Europa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Europa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Europa"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Språk </th> <th>Lingua franca i </th> <th>Övrig information </th> <th>Källa </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borgarm%C3%A5let" title="Borgarmålet">borgarmålet</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige"><img alt="Sverige" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lappmarken" title="Lappmarken">Lappmarken</a> </td> <td>utdött, <a href="/wiki/Pidginspr%C3%A5k" title="Pidginspråk">pidginspråk</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Jargong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jargong">jargong</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gtyska" title="Högtyska">högtyska</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark"><img alt="Danmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Ryssland" title="Kejsardömet Ryssland"><img alt="Kejsardömet Ryssland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Ryssland" title="Kejsardömet Ryssland">Kejsardömet Ryssland</a><br /><span class="flaggbild"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/22px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/33px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/44px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Polsk-litauiska_samv%C3%A4ldet" title="Polsk-litauiska samväldet">Polsk-litauiska samväldet</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige"><img alt="Sverige" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">Sverige</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tysk-romerska_riket" title="Tysk-romerska riket"><img alt="Tysk-romerska riket" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/22px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/33px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/44px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tysk-romerska_riket" title="Tysk-romerska riket">Tysk-romerska riket</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterrike-Ungern" title="Österrike-Ungern"><img alt="Österrike-Ungern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Civil_ensign_of_Austria-Hungary_%281869-1918%29.svg/22px-Civil_ensign_of_Austria-Hungary_%281869-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Civil_ensign_of_Austria-Hungary_%281869-1918%29.svg/33px-Civil_ensign_of_Austria-Hungary_%281869-1918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Civil_ensign_of_Austria-Hungary_%281869-1918%29.svg/44px-Civil_ensign_of_Austria-Hungary_%281869-1918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterrike-Ungern" title="Österrike-Ungern">Österrike-Ungern</a> </td> <td>utdött, i bruk under 1500-talet till 1800-talet </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">klassiskt latin</a> </td> <td><span class="flaggbild"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/14px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/21px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/28px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romerska_riket" title="Romerska riket">Romarriket</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hansaf%C3%B6rbundet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansaförbundet">Hansaförbundet</a> </td> <td>utdött, i bruk fram tills medeltiden </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gtyska" title="Lågtyska">lågtyska</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hansaf%C3%B6rbundet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansaförbundet">Hansaförbundet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96stersj%C3%B6n" title="Östersjön">Östersjön</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark"><img alt="Danmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige"><img alt="Sverige" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">Sverige</a> </td> <td>utdött, främst medeltiden </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ryska" title="Ryska">ryska</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oberoende_staters_samv%C3%A4lde" title="Oberoende staters samvälde"><img alt="Oberoende staters samvälde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oberoende_staters_samv%C3%A4lde" title="Oberoende staters samvälde">Oberoende staters samvälde</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ryssnorska" title="Ryssnorska">ryssnorska</a> </td> <td><span class="flaggbild"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/22px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/33px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/44px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Ryssland" title="Kejsardömet Ryssland"><img alt="Kejsardömet Ryssland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nordkalotten" title="Nordkalotten">Nordkalotten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norra_ishavet" title="Norra ishavet">Norra ishavet</a> </td> <td>utdött, <a href="/wiki/Pidginspr%C3%A5k" title="Pidginspråk">pidginspråk</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbokroatiska" title="Serbokroatiska">serbokroatiska</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien"><img alt="Serbien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien">Serbien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnien_och_Hercegovina" title="Bosnien och Hercegovina"><img alt="Bosnien och Hercegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bosnien_och_Hercegovina" title="Bosnien och Hercegovina">Bosnien och Hercegovina</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kroatien" title="Kroatien"><img alt="Kroatien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kroatien" title="Kroatien">Kroatien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/33px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/44px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> </td> <td>Under <a href="/wiki/Jugoslavien" title="Jugoslavien">Jugoslavien</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Svenska" title="Svenska">svenska</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrala_%C3%96stersj%C3%B6n" title="Centrala Östersjön">Centrala Östersjön</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norra_%C3%96stersj%C3%B6n" title="Norra Östersjön">Norra Östersjön</a> </td> <td>idag begränsat bruk, ej längre i <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nordamerika">Nordamerika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Nordamerika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Nordamerika"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alla lingua franca nämnda nedan, användes tidigare i olika delar av Nordamerika. Nuförtiden dominerar engelska dessa regioner. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Språk </th> <th>Lingua franca i </th> <th>Övrig information </th> <th>Källa </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinook_jargong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinook jargong [inte skriven än]">chinook jargong</a><sup>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinook_Jargon" class="extiw" title="en:Chinook Jargon"><span title=""Chinook Jargon" i engelska Wikipedia">en</span></a>)</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a> </td> <td>Utdött </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eskim%C3%A5isk_handelsjargong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eskimåisk handelsjargong [inte skriven än]">eskimåisk handelsjargong</a><sup>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimo_Trade_Jargon" class="extiw" title="en:Eskimo Trade Jargon"><span title=""Eskimo Trade Jargon" i engelska Wikipedia">en</span></a>)</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mackenziefloden" title="Mackenziefloden">Mackenziefloden</a> </td> <td>Utdött </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavey_jargong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavey jargong [inte skriven än]">slavey jargong</a><sup>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavey_Jargon" class="extiw" title="en:Slavey Jargon"><span title=""Slavey Jargon" i engelska Wikipedia">en</span></a>)</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liardfloden" title="Liardfloden">Liardfloden</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mackenziefloden" title="Mackenziefloden">Mackenziefloden</a> </td> <td>Utdött </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sydamerika">Sydamerika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Sydamerika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Sydamerika"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alla lingua franca nämnda nedan, användes tidigare i olika delar av Sydamerika. Nuförtiden dominerar engelska och spanska dessa regioner. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Språk </th> <th>Lingua franca i </th> <th>Övrig information </th> <th>Källa </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">nahuatl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aztekriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztekriket">Aztekriket</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quechua" title="Quechua">quechua</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inkariket" title="Inkariket">Inkariket</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kreolspr%C3%A5k" title="Kreolspråk">kreolspråk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingvistik" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingvistik">lingvistik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlingvistik" title="Interlingvistik">interlingvistik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sj%C3%B6mansengelska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjömansengelska [inte skriven än]">sjömansengelska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsspr%C3%A5k" title="Världsspråk">världsspråk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090203083909/http://www.uwm.edu/~corre/franca/go.html"><i>A Glossary of Lingua Franca</i></a> – lingua franca–engelsk ordlista av Alan D. Corré, <a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">professor emeritus</a> vid <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Wisconsin-Milwaukee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee [inte skriven än]">University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>. Stora delar av materialet är <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-britannica-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-4"><small>e</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/lingua-franca">”Lingua franca | linguistics”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Encyclopedia Britannica</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/lingua-franca">https://www.britannica.com/topic/lingua-franca</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 juli 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Lingua+franca+%7C+linguistics&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Flingua-franca&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lingua_franca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>lingua franca</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ne.se/">Nationalencyklopedins Internettjänst</a> Läst 23 september 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language">”Hausa language”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Encyclopedia Britannica</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language">https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 juli 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Hausa+language&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FHausa-language&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lingua_franca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHolm1989">Holm, John (1989). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fi/books?id=PcD7p9y3EIcC&pg=PA562&lpg=PA562&dq=sango+lingua+franca&source=bl&ots=hmeKvHwwtS&sig=ACfU3U3pns1kz9cCWKc9gXYMoOUJgfPtbA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjz66N9dbqAhUnxcQBHd3XDSIQ6AEwA3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=sango%20lingua%20franca&f=false">Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference Survey</a></i>. Cambridge University Press. sid. 562<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.fi/books?id=PcD7p9y3EIcC&pg=PA562&lpg=PA562&dq=sango+lingua+franca&source=bl&ots=hmeKvHwwtS&sig=ACfU3U3pns1kz9cCWKc9gXYMoOUJgfPtbA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjz66N9dbqAhUnxcQBHd3XDSIQ6AEwA3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=sango%20lingua%20franca&f=false">https://books.google.fi/books?id=PcD7p9y3EIcC&pg=PA562&lpg=PA562&dq=sango+lingua+franca&source=bl&ots=hmeKvHwwtS&sig=ACfU3U3pns1kz9cCWKc9gXYMoOUJgfPtbA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjz66N9dbqAhUnxcQBHd3XDSIQ6AEwA3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=sango%20lingua%20franca&f=false</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 juli 2020</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pidgins+and+Creoles%3A+Volume+2%2C+Reference+Survey&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Holm%2C+John&rft.date=1989&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B562&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fi%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPcD7p9y3EIcC%26pg%3DPA562%26lpg%3DPA562%26dq%3Dsango%2Blingua%2Bfranca%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DhmeKvHwwtS%26sig%3DACfU3U3pns1kz9cCWKc9gXYMoOUJgfPtbA%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjjz66N9dbqAhUnxcQBHd3XDSIQ6AEwA3oECAoQAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dsango%2520lingua%2520franca%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lingua_franca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFTarek_Makhlouf,_University_of_Melbourne2024">Tarek Makhlouf, University of Melbourne (2 juli 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/how-arabic-is-a-window-on-the-world">”How Arabic is a window on the world”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Pursuit</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/how-arabic-is-a-window-on-the-world">https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/how-arabic-is-a-window-on-the-world</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 juli 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=How+Arabic+is+a+window+on+the+world&rft.atitle=Pursuit&rft.aulast=Tarek+Makhlouf%2C+University+of+Melbourne&rft.au=Tarek+Makhlouf%2C+University+of+Melbourne&rft.date=2+juli+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpursuit.unimelb.edu.au%2Farticles%2Fhow-arabic-is-a-window-on-the-world&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lingua_franca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.chinese.hku.hk/main/2018/09/07/sinitic-brush-talk-classical-chinese-as-a-written-lingua-franca-in-premodern-east-asia/">”Sinitic Brush Talk: Classical Chinese as a Written Lingua Franca in Premodern East Asia”</a> (på amerikansk engelska). School of Chinese, University of Hong Kong<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://web.chinese.hku.hk/main/2018/09/07/sinitic-brush-talk-classical-chinese-as-a-written-lingua-franca-in-premodern-east-asia/">http://web.chinese.hku.hk/main/2018/09/07/sinitic-brush-talk-classical-chinese-as-a-written-lingua-franca-in-premodern-east-asia/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 juli 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Sinitic+Brush+Talk%3A+Classical+Chinese+as+a+Written+Lingua+Franca+in+Premodern+East+Asia&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=School+of+Chinese%2C+University+of+Hong+Kong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.chinese.hku.hk%2Fmain%2F2018%2F09%2F07%2Fsinitic-brush-talk-classical-chinese-as-a-written-lingua-franca-in-premodern-east-asia%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lingua_franca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/bahasa-melayu-malay/">”Malay (Bahasa Melayu) Language - Structure, Writing & Alphabet - MustGo”</a> (på amerikansk engelska). <i><span>MustGo.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/bahasa-melayu-malay/">https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/bahasa-melayu-malay/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 juli 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Malay+%28Bahasa+Melayu%29+Language+-+Structure%2C+Writing+%26+Alphabet+-+MustGo&rft.atitle=MustGo.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mustgo.com%2Fworldlanguages%2Fbahasa-melayu-malay%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lingua_franca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evensi.com/sanskrit-lingua-franca-ancient-india-brokiga-bengalen/280171375">”Sanskrit - the lingua franca of ancient India - 2018-11-27 November 2018”</a>. <i><span>Evensi</span></i>. Svensk-Indiska Föreningen<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.evensi.com/sanskrit-lingua-franca-ancient-india-brokiga-bengalen/280171375">https://www.evensi.com/sanskrit-lingua-franca-ancient-india-brokiga-bengalen/280171375</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 juli 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Sanskrit+-+the+lingua+franca+of+ancient+India+-+2018-11-27+November+2018&rft.atitle=Evensi&rft.pub=Svensk-Indiska+F%C3%B6reningen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.evensi.com%2Fsanskrit-lingua-franca-ancient-india-brokiga-bengalen%2F280171375&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lingua_franca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626214857/http://rs.gov.ru/en/activities/9">”Rossotrudnichestvo”</a>. <i><span>Rossotrudnichestvo</span></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rs.gov.ru/en/activities/9">originalet</a> den 26 juni 2020<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626214857/http://rs.gov.ru/en/activities/9">https://web.archive.org/web/20200626214857/http://rs.gov.ru/en/activities/9</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 juli 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Rossotrudnichestvo&rft.atitle=Rossotrudnichestvo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20200626214857%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Frs.gov.ru%2Fen%2Factivities%2F9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lingua_franca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFMarácz,_László_&_Rosello,_Mireille2012">Marácz, László & Rosello, Mireille, red (2012). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fi/books?id=yRz0DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=yugoslavia+lingua+franca&source=bl&ots=hB0OgX0oHU&sig=ACfU3U0SUsa4jQLtKG_Wf5WhIiwUAUoaYg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiV84C-hNfqAhX5zMQBHfmkDfEQ6AEwB3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20lingua%20franca&f=false">Multilingual Europe, Multilingual Europeans</a></i>. sid. 25<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.fi/books?id=yRz0DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=yugoslavia+lingua+franca&source=bl&ots=hB0OgX0oHU&sig=ACfU3U0SUsa4jQLtKG_Wf5WhIiwUAUoaYg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiV84C-hNfqAhX5zMQBHfmkDfEQ6AEwB3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20lingua%20franca&f=false">https://books.google.fi/books?id=yRz0DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=yugoslavia+lingua+franca&source=bl&ots=hB0OgX0oHU&sig=ACfU3U0SUsa4jQLtKG_Wf5WhIiwUAUoaYg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiV84C-hNfqAhX5zMQBHfmkDfEQ6AEwB3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20lingua%20franca&f=false</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 juli 2020</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multilingual+Europe%2C+Multilingual+Europeans&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fi%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyRz0DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA25%26lpg%3DPA25%26dq%3Dyugoslavia%2Blingua%2Bfranca%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DhB0OgX0oHU%26sig%3DACfU3U0SUsa4jQLtKG_Wf5WhIiwUAUoaYg%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiV84C-hNfqAhX5zMQBHfmkDfEQ6AEwB3oECAoQAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dyugoslavia%2520lingua%2520franca%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lingua_franca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chinook-Jargon">”Chinook Jargon | language”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Encyclopedia Britannica</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chinook-Jargon">https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chinook-Jargon</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 juli 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chinook+Jargon+%7C+language&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FChinook-Jargon&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lingua_franca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFPh._D.M._A.B._A.">Ph. D., Anthropology; M. A., Anthropology; B. A., Humanities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/nahuatl-language-of-aztecs-171906">”The Language of the Aztec/Mexica is Spoken Today by 1.5 Million People”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>ThoughtCo</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/nahuatl-language-of-aztecs-171906">https://www.thoughtco.com/nahuatl-language-of-aztecs-171906</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 juli 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Language+of+the+Aztec%2FMexica+is+Spoken+Today+by+1.5+Million+People&rft.atitle=ThoughtCo&rft.aulast=Ph.+D.&rft.aufirst=Anthropology&rft.au=Ph.+D.%2C+Anthropology&rft.au=M.+A.%2C+Anthropology&rft.au=B.+A.%2C+Humanities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fnahuatl-language-of-aztecs-171906&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lingua_franca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/quechua/">”Quechua Language - Structure, Writing & Alphabet - MustGo”</a> (på amerikansk engelska). <i><span>MustGo.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/quechua/">https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/quechua/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 juli 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Quechua+Language+-+Structure%2C+Writing+%26+Alphabet+-+MustGo&rft.atitle=MustGo.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mustgo.com%2Fworldlanguages%2Fquechua%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lingua_franca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&oldid=56012343">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&oldid=56012343</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Typer_av_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Typer av språk">Typer av språk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Flerspr%C3%A5kighet" title="Kategori:Flerspråkighet">Flerspråkighet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Interlingvistik" title="Kategori:Interlingvistik">Interlingvistik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pidginspr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Pidginspråk">Pidginspråk</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Dolda kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Faktakoll_2024-10" title="Kategori:Faktakoll 2024-10">Faktakoll 2024-10</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alla_artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_faktakollas" title="Kategori:Alla artiklar som behöver faktakollas">Alla artiklar som behöver faktakollas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alla_artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_k%C3%A4llor" title="Kategori:Alla artiklar som behöver källor">Alla artiklar som behöver källor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alla_artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_enstaka_k%C3%A4llor" title="Kategori:Alla artiklar som behöver enstaka källor">Alla artiklar som behöver enstaka källor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_enstaka_k%C3%A4llor_2012-01" title="Kategori:Artiklar som behöver enstaka källor 2012-01">Artiklar som behöver enstaka källor 2012-01</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 3 oktober 2024 kl. 08.21.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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