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href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Letters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Letters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Letters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open_and_closed_syllables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_and_closed_syllables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Open and closed syllables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_and_closed_syllables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onvoltooid_tegenwoordige_tijd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onvoltooid_tegenwoordige_tijd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onvoltooid_tegenwoordige_tijd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onvoltooid_verleden_tijd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onvoltooid_verleden_tijd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Onvoltooid verleden tijd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onvoltooid_verleden_tijd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continuating_verbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continuating_verbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Continuating verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continuating_verbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basic_Dutch_expressions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_Dutch_expressions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Basic Dutch expressions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basic_Dutch_expressions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dutch language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 201 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-201" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">201 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Нидерландхэбзэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Нидерландхэбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nederlands" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederl%C3%A4ndische_Sprache" title="Niederländische Sprache – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Niederländische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%86%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5%E1%8A%9B" title="ሆላንድኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሆላንድኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="डच भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="डच भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B0erlendisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Niðerlendisc sprǣc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Niðerlendisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الهولندية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الهولندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_neerland%C3%A9s" title="Idioma neerlandés – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma neerlandés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%97%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܗܘܠܢܕܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܗܘܠܢܕܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AArland%C3%AAs" title="Nêrlandês – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Nêrlandês" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ওলন্দাজ ভাষা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ওলন্দাজ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_neerland%C3%A9s" title="Idioma neerlandés – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma neerlandés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neel%C3%A1nda%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Neelándañe'ẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Neelándañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niderland_dili" title="Niderland dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Niderland dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="هولند دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هولند دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ওলন্দাজ ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওলন্দাজ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4-l%C3%A2n-g%C3%AD" title="Hô-lân-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hô-lân-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Landa" title="Basa Landa – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Landa" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Нидерланд теле – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нидерланд теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нідэрландская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нідэрландская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нідэрляндзкая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нідэрляндзкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Нидерландски език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нидерландски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holl%C3%A4ndische_Sproch" title="Holländische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Holländische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozemski_jezik" title="Nizozemski jezik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nizozemski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izelvroeg" title="Izelvroeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Izelvroeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neerland%C3%A8s" title="Neerlandès – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Neerlandès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Голланд чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Голланд чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inolandes" title="Inolandes – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inolandes" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozem%C5%A1tina" title="Nizozemština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nizozemština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_neerlandese" title="Lingua neerlandese – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua neerlandese" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iseldireg" title="Iseldireg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iseldireg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandsk_(sprog)" title="Nederlandsk (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nederlandsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لهولاندية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لهولاندية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holl%C3%A1nddagiella" title="Hollánddagiella – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Hollánddagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederlaendische_Schprooch" title="Niederlaendische Schprooch – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Niederlaendische Schprooch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederl%C3%A4ndische_Sprache" title="Niederländische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Niederländische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%91%DE%A6%DE%97%DE%AA" title="ޑަޗު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޑަޗު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%BEozem%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Nižozemšćina – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nižozemšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollandi_keel" title="Hollandi keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hollandi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ολλανδική γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ολλανδική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulandais" title="Ulandais – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ulandais" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dutch language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_neerland%C3%A9s" title="Idioma neerlandés – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma neerlandés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlanda_lingvo" title="Nederlanda lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nederlanda lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandera" title="Nederlandera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nederlandera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="زبان هلندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان هلندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_bhasa" title="Dutch bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dutch bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B0urlendskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Niðurlendskt mál – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Niðurlendskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9erlandais" title="Néerlandais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Néerlandais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederl%C3%A2nsk" title="Nederlânsk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nederlânsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ollainnis" title="An Ollainnis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ollainnis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollanish" title="Ollanish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ollanish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitsis" title="Duitsis – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Duitsis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_neerlandesa" title="Lingua neerlandesa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua neerlandesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2-l%C3%A0n-ng%C3%AE" title="Hò-làn-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hò-làn-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%8D%9C%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C%EC%96%B4" title="네덜란드어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네덜란드어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Հոլանդերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոլանդերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="डच भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डच भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%BEozem%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Nižozemšćina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Nižozemšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozemski_jezik" title="Nizozemski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nizozemski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandana_linguo" title="Nederlandana linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nederlandana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Olandes" title="Pagsasao nga Olandes – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Olandes" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Belanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_nederlandese" title="Lingua nederlandese – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua nederlandese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandesi" title="Nederlandesi – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nederlandesi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Нидерландаг æвзаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нидерландаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiHolani" title="IsiHolani – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiHolani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiHolandi" title="IsiHolandi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiHolandi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollenska" title="Hollenska – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hollenska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_olandese" title="Lingua olandese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua olandese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הולנדית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הולנדית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Walanda" title="Basa Walanda – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Walanda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neeyer%C9%A9land%C9%9B_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Neeyerɩlandɛ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಡಚ್ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡಚ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ნიდერლანდური ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიდერლანდური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Нидерланд тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нидерланд тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iseldiryek" title="Iseldiryek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Iseldiryek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiholanzi" title="Kiholanzi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiholanzi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Нидерланд кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Нидерланд кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9y%C3%A8rland%C3%A9" title="Néyèrlandé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Néyèrlandé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_holend%C3%AE" title="Zimanê holendî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê holendî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Нидерланд тили – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нидерланд тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_olandesc" title="Lingaz olandesc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz olandesc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_neerlandesa" title="Lingua neerlandesa – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua neerlandesa" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87" title="ພາສາໂຮນລັງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາໂຮນລັງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Batava" title="Lingua Batava – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Batava" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABderlandie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Nīderlandiešu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nīderlandiešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holl%C3%A4nnesch" title="Hollännesch – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hollännesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oland%C5%B3_kalba" title="Olandų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Olandų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_olandeise" title="Lengua olandeise – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua olandeise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nederlands" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifalam%C3%A1" title="Lifalamá – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lifalamá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandes_(lingua)" title="Nederlandes (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nederlandes (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_olandesa" title="Lengua olandesa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua olandesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland_nyelv" title="Holland nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Holland nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Холандски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Холандски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_neerlandey" title="Fiteny neerlandey – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny neerlandey" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഡച്ച് ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡച്ച് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_H%C5%8Drana" title="Reo Hōrana – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Hōrana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="डच भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डच भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ნიდერლანდური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიდერლანდური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="نيديرلاندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيديرلاندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="هلندی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هلندی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Belanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%86_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯗꯠ꯭ꯆ ꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯗꯠ꯭ꯆ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Balando" title="Bahaso Balando – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Balando" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2%CC%A4-l%C3%A0ng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Hò̤-làng-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hò̤-làng-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Недерландонь кяль – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Недерландонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဒတ်ချ်ဘာသာစကား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒတ်ချ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nederlands" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlaands" title="Nederlaands – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Nederlaands" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="डच भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="डच भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E8%AA%9E" title="オランダ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オランダ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Нидерландийн мотт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нидерландийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neederluns/%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="Neederluns/öö – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Neederluns/öö" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duch" title="Duch – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Duch" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandsk" title="Nederlandsk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nederlandsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandsk" title="Nederlandsk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nederlandsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9erlaundeis" title="Néerlaundeis – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Néerlaundeis" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandum" title="Nederlandum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Nederlandum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neerland%C3%A9s" title="Neerlandés – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Neerlandés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Нидерланд йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Нидерланд йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niderland_tili" title="Niderland tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Niderland tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਡੱਚ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡੱਚ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederl%C3%A4ndisch" title="Niederländisch – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Niederländisch" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DA%86" title="ڈچ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈچ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulandes" title="Hulandes – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hulandes" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%DA%89%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="هالنډي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هالنډي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doch" title="Doch – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Doch" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Недерландісь кыв – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Недерландісь кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="ភាសាហូឡង់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាហូឡង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirlind%C3%A9" title="Nirlindé – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Nirlindé" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_neerland%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga neerlandèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga neerlandèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nedderlandsche_Spraak" title="Nedderlandsche Spraak – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nedderlandsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_niderlandzki" title="Język niderlandzki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język niderlandzki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_neerlandesa" title="Língua neerlandesa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua neerlandesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felemenk_tili" title="Felemenk tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Felemenk tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neederl%C3%A4ndesche_Sprooch" title="Neederländesche Sprooch – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Neederländesche Sprooch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_neerlandez%C4%83" title="Limba neerlandeză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba neerlandeză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_neerlandaisa" title="Lingua neerlandaisa – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua neerlandaisa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urasuyu_simi" title="Urasuyu simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Urasuyu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Нідерландьскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нідерландьскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Нидерландский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нидерландский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Нидерлаан тыла – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нидерлаан тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Holani" title="Faʻa Holani – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Holani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="डचभाषा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="डचभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AA_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱰᱟᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱰᱟᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_olandesa" title="Limba olandesa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba olandesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_leid" title="Dutch leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dutch leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederloundske_Sproake" title="Niederloundske Sproake – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Niederloundske Sproake" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-dutch" title="Se-dutch – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Se-dutch" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedutch" title="Sedutch – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sedutch" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-dutch" title="Se-dutch – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Se-dutch" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_holandeze" title="Gjuha holandeze – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha holandeze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ulannisa" title="Lingua ulannisa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua ulannisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holand%C4%8Dina" title="Holandčina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Holandčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozem%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Nizozemščina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nizozemščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niderlandzk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Niderlandzkŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Niderlandzkŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Holandees" title="Af-Holandees – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Holandees" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="زمانی ھۆڵەندی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ھۆڵەندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakratongo" title="Bakratongo – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Bakratongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Холандски језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Холандски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozemski_jezik" title="Nizozemski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nizozemski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Walanda" title="Basa Walanda – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Walanda" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollannin_kieli" title="Hollannin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hollannin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4ndska" title="Nederländska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nederländska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Olandes" title="Wikang Olandes – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Olandes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இடச்சு மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடச்சு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Нидерланд теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нидерланд теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="డచ్ భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డచ్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาดัตช์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาดัตช์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B3%E1%89%BD" title="ዳች – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ዳች" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Забони ҳоландӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони ҳоландӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea_fakah%C5%8Dlani" title="Lea fakahōlani – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lea fakahōlani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C8%A7ham%C8%A7x%C3%A9vo%27k%C4%97han%C3%A1hetse" title="Kȧhamȧxévo'kėhanáhetse – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Kȧhamȧxévo'kėhanáhetse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felemenk%C3%A7e" title="Felemenkçe – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Felemenkçe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нідерландська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нідерландська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ولندیزی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولندیزی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="گوللاندىيە تىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گوللاندىيە تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_o%C5%82andeze" title="Łéngua ołandeze – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua ołandeze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaman_kel%27" title="Alaman kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Alaman kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_H%C3%A0_Lan" title="Tiếng Hà Lan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Hà Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ned%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Nedänapük – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nedänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollandi_kiil" title="Hollandi kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hollandi kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyerland%C3%A8s" title="Neyerlandès – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Neyerlandès" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Nederlands" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inolandes" title="Inolandes – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inolandes" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="荷蘭語" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9" title="האלענדיש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האלענדיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="荷蘭文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="荷蘭文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemenki" title="Flemenki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Flemenki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Nederlands" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="荷蘭語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Bolanda" title="Hata Bolanda – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Bolanda" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Welanda" title="Basa Welanda – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Welanda" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Bolanda" title="Saro Bolanda – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Bolanda" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Belanda" title="Jaku Belanda – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Belanda" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Balando" title="Bahasa Balando – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Balando" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollandi_zyvon" title="Hollandi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hollandi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%80%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7411#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:130%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Dutch</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><i>Nederlands</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><small></small><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Dutch_and_Afrikaans" title="Wikipedia:IPA for Dutch and Afrikaans">[ˈneːdərlɑnts]</a></span><small>  <span class="nowrap">(<span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/26px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Nl-Nederlands.ogg" class="internal" title="Nl-Nederlands.ogg">listen</a>)</span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>;<br />also in <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Flanders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Flanders (not yet started)">French Flanders</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">22 million (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-e19_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e19-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Total (<a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">L1</a> plus <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">L2</a> speakers): 28 million (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-UofL_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UofL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Franconian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Franconian languages (not yet started)">Low Franconian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Dutch</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Frankish_language" title="Frankish language">(Old) Frankish</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Dutch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Dutch (not yet started)">Old Dutch</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Dutch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Dutch (not yet started)">Middle Dutch</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch alphabet (not yet started)">Dutch alphabet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_Braille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch Braille (not yet started)">Dutch Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manually coded language">Signed forms</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signed_Dutch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Signed Dutch (not yet started)">Signed Dutch</a> (<i>NmG</i>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Benelux.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benelux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Benelux.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benelux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Benelux.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benelux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations"><img alt="Union of South American Nations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_UNASUR.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNASUR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_UNASUR.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNASUR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_UNASUR.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNASUR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_of_South_American_Nations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union of South American Nations (not yet started)">South American Union</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community"><img alt="Caribbean Community" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/23px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/35px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/45px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Caricom" class="mw-redirect" title="Caricom">Caricom</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Nederlandse Taalunie<br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_Language_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch Language Union (not yet started)">Dutch Language Union</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=nl">nl</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=123">dut</a></span> (B)</code> <br /><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=123">nld</a></span> (T)</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nld" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nld">nld</a></code> Dutch/<a href="/wiki/Flemish" class="mw-disambig" title="Flemish">Flemish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mode1257">mode1257</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>52-ACB-a</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Dutch_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Map_of_the_Dutch_World.svg/220px-Map_of_the_Dutch_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Map_of_the_Dutch_World.svg/330px-Map_of_the_Dutch_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Map_of_the_Dutch_World.svg/440px-Map_of_the_Dutch_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Dutch-speaking world (included are areas of daughter-language <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Idioma_neerland%C3%A9s.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Idioma_neerland%C3%A9s.PNG/220px-Idioma_neerland%C3%A9s.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Idioma_neerland%C3%A9s.PNG/330px-Idioma_neerland%C3%A9s.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Idioma_neerland%C3%A9s.PNG/440px-Idioma_neerland%C3%A9s.PNG 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="448" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Distribution of the Dutch language and its dialects in Western Europe</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dutch</b> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Nederlands</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Germanic language">West Germanic language</a>. It comes from the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and is the country's <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also spoken in the northern half of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (the region called <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>), and in the <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South American</a> country of <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>. A language known as <i><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></i> was developed from Dutch by the people in southern <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and is now spoken mainly in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> but also in nearby <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>. About 22 <a href="/wiki/Million" class="mw-redirect" title="Million">million</a> people around the world speak Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutch is a <a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Germanic language">West Germanic language</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brachin4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brachin4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The West Germanic branch is divided into <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Frisian language">Frisian</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-Brachin4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brachin4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch has a similar vocabulary and grammar to English but is closer to German. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="North Germanic languages">North Germanic languages</a> of <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> are also part of the Germanic language branch.<sup id="cite_ref-Brachin4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brachin4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch is also in some cases like those languages. </p><p>The Dutch of before 1170 is called <i>Old Dutch</i> (Oudnederlands). The Dutch between 1170 and 1500 is called <i>Middle Dutch</i> (Middelnederlands), which is also called <i>Diets</i> and so that is why it is called Dutch in English. The word "Dutch" itself came from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> word <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wikt:Appendix:Proto-Germanic/%C3%BEiudiskaz" class="extiw" title="en:wikt:Appendix:Proto-Germanic/þiudiskaz">*þiudiskaz</a></i>, which means "of the common people" and then was also used to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> and their language. Over time, the Modern English usage now refers to that the Netherlands, not the Germans. The Dutch word for German, <i>Duits</i>, comes from the same origin. </p><p>The oldest Dutch book known is <i>Wachtendonckse Psalmen</i>, which was written in <a href="/wiki/900" title="900">900</a>. The first Dutch writer known by name is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hendrik_van_Veldeke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hendrik van Veldeke (not yet started)">Hendrik van Veldeke</a>, who was born around 1150. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters">Letters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Letters" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Letters"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutch uses the letters of the same <a href="/wiki/Roman_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman alphabet">Roman alphabet</a> as English. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Vowels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Vowels"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <th>Short</th> <th>Long </th></tr> <tr> <td>a – like the <i>a</i> in art.</td> <td>aa – somewhat like the "a" in <i>far</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>e – like in <i>pet</i></td> <td>ee – like the "a" in <i>space</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>o – like in <i>organic</i></td> <td>oo – like in <i>no</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>u – somewhat like the "e" in <i>the</i></td> <td>uu – like the "ü" in the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> word <i>für</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>i – like in <i>lip</i></td> <td>i.e. – like in <i>piece</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note: The e can also be a schwa (like in <i>the</i>) </p><p>Note: The short vowels (a, e, i, o, u) are pronounced long in open syllables (explaned further down below). </p> <ul><li>oe – like the "ou" in <i>you</i></li> <li>eu – like the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> "eu" in <i>fleur</i></li> <li>ui – typical Dutch sound, but almost identical to the French word oeuil (= eye)</li> <li>ou/au – like in <i>sound</i></li> <li>ij/ei – typical Dutch sound, the same as "ej" in Esperanto (not in Polish) In <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, the sound instead is "i" in ice.</li> <li>aai – like the "i" in ice</li> <li>eeuw – typical Dutch sound</li> <li>ieuw – somewhat like "iew" in <i>view</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_and_closed_syllables">Open and closed syllables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Open and closed syllables" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Open and closed syllables"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vowels are said differently on the if the <a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">syllable</a> is <i>open</i> or <i>closed</i>. If a syllable is open, short written vowels are said as long ones. However, short written vowels are said short if the syllable is closed.: </p> <dl><dd>The word <i>praten</i> has two syllables: <i>pra|ten</i>. Because <i>pra</i> is open, the a is pronounced like aa.</dd> <dd>The word <i>plat</i> had only one syllables and so the a is short (just a).</dd></dl> <p>There is, however, an exception to this rule. This is the "e". This is because "e" can also be a "mute e" (Schwa) (<a href="/wiki/IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA">IPA character</a> ə). In most words, where an open syllable ends with e it is a short e. Therefore, open syllables with a long e (ee) are written as ee. Example: </p> <dl><dd>The word "me" contains an e and is <b>not</b> pronounced as "mee". (Mee has a totally different meaning).</dd></dl> <p>There are, however, exceptions to this rule as well. This can be seen in the word <i>meenemen</i>. This word can be divided into three syllables: mee|ne|men. The e's in the first two syllables are <b>long</b> ones, but the last one is a mute e. </p><p>The mute e also occurs in the ending of <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verbs</a> (usually -en). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Consonants" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Consonants"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li> <li>d</li> <li>f</li> <li>g/ch – not pronounced as the English G; the Dutch G is pronounced in the back of the throat with a "scratching" sound. In the south of the Netherlands, the G is spoken differently (so called <i>soft G</i>) than in the north (<i>hard G</i>).</li> <li>h</li> <li>j – like "y" in <i>you</i></li> <li>k</li> <li>l</li> <li>m</li> <li>n</li> <li>p</li> <li>q – only used rarely; spoken as k</li> <li>r – not like English; the Dutch R is a more rolling R</li> <li>s</li> <li>t</li> <li>v</li> <li>w</li> <li>x – only used rarely, mostly in foreign words, pronounced as ks</li> <li>z</li></ul> <p>Note: In words that end with "-d", the "-d" is pronounced like "-t". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Grammar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Grammar"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="166" data-mwtitle="Nl-Confetti-article.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Nl-Confetti-article.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Nl-Confetti-article.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/Nl-Confetti-article.ogg/Nl-Confetti-article.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Spoken Dutch</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm/220px--WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="92" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Eva_speaking_Dutch.webm&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands ‪(nl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Eva speaking Dutch</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a> of Dutch is slightly more complex than that of English. Word order in sentences is different in complex sentences. The basic <a href="/wiki/Simple_sentence" title="Simple sentence">simple sentence</a>-structure is subject-verb. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbs">Verbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Verbs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Verbs"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutch has few grammatical <i>tenses</i>. These are most used: </p> <ul><li><i>onvoltooide tegenwoordige tijd</i> (<a href="/wiki/Present_tense" title="Present tense">present simple</a>)</li> <li><i>onvoltooide verleden tijd</i> (<a href="/wiki/Past_tense" title="Past tense">past simple</a>)</li> <li><i>voltooide tegenwoordige tijd</i> (present perfect)</li> <li><i>voltooide verleden tijd</i> (past perfect)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Onvoltooid_tegenwoordige_tijd">Onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most simple <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb-time</a> is the onvoltooide tegenwoordige tijd (ott; present simple). The ott is used when something happens <i>now</i>, or <i>regularly</i> (like <i>Hij eet regelmatig</i> (He eats regularly)). Most verbs are <a href="/wiki/Conjugation" title="Conjugation">conjugated</a> (changed) in a regular form (these verbs are called <i>regelmatige werkwoorden</i> (regular verbs)). The <a href="/wiki/Word_stem" class="mw-redirect" title="Word stem">word stem</a> of the verb is still there in all of the conjugations (verb changes). The correct way of doing so is </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Person</th> <th>Verb conjugation</th> <th>Example with "lopen" (to walk) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ik (I)</td> <td>Stem</td> <td>Ik loop </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jij (you)</td> <td>Stem+<b>t</b></td> <td>Jij loopt </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hij/Zij (he/she)</td> <td>Stem+<b>t</b></td> <td>Hij loopt </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wij (we)</td> <td>stem+<b>en</b>* (<a href="/wiki/Infinitive" title="Infinitive">infinitive</a>)</td> <td>Wij lopen </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zij (they)</td> <td>stem+<b>en</b>*</td> <td>Zij lopen </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jullie (you, plural)</td> <td>stem+<b>en</b>*</td> <td>Jullie lopen </td></tr> <tr> <td>U (you, polite)</td> <td>stem+<b>t'</b></td> <td>U loopt </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note: The stem of a verb is the <a href="/wiki/Infinitive" title="Infinitive">infinitive</a> of the verb without the <i>-en</i>. In some verbs, the first syllable is open and so any vowel is <b>long</b>. The stem changes to a written <b>long</b> vowel so the stem of <i>lopen</i> becomes <i>loop</i>. If the <i>-en</i> is then added to the stem (like with <i>wij</i>), the written form becomes short again, but it is still said as a long vowel). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Onvoltooid_verleden_tijd">Onvoltooid verleden tijd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Onvoltooid verleden tijd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Onvoltooid verleden tijd"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The past form of the ott is the <i>onvoltooid verleden tijd</i> (ovt; past simple). How verbs are conjugated (changed) in the ovt is not easy to understand. Mistakes are common because some verbs are add a D, but others add a T. The "'t kofschip" rule is that the verb without <i>-en</i> (the stem in most verbs) ends with a <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a>, which is also in "'t kofschip", the verb is changed with a T: </p> <dl><dd>The verb <i>praten</i> (to talk) is changed with a T because <i>prat</i> ends with a T.</dd></dl> <p>The verb can now be changed as the following: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Person</th> <th>Verb conjugation (with T)</th> <th>Result with <i>praten</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ik</td> <td>stem+<b>te</b></td> <td>Ik praatte </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jij</td> <td>stem+<b>te</b></td> <td>Jij praatte </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hij/Zij</td> <td>stem+<b>te</b></td> <td>Hij praatte </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wij</td> <td>stem+<b>ten</b></td> <td>Wij praatten </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zij (they)</td> <td>stem+<b>ten</b></td> <td>Zij praatten </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jullie</td> <td>stem+<b>ten</b></td> <td>Jullie praatten </td></tr> <tr> <td>U</td> <td>stem+<b>te</b></td> <td>U praatte </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are some words for which "'t kofschip" is not so easy. In <i>vrezen</i> (to fear), the stem of the verb is <i>vrez</i>, but the singular form is <i>vrees</i> and it looks as if it is changed with a T. However, it changes to a D because <i>vrezen</i> without <i>-en</i> is <i>vrez</i>. The Z is not in "'t kofschip" and so the verb is changed to a D. </p><p>The verb can now be changed as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Person</th> <th>Verb conjugation (with D)</th> <th>Result with <i>Vrezen</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ik</td> <td>stem+<b>de</b></td> <td>Ik vreesde </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jij</td> <td>stem+<b>de</b></td> <td>Jij vreesde </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hij/Zij</td> <td>stem+<b>de</b></td> <td>Hij vreesde </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wij</td> <td>stem+<b>den</b></td> <td>Wij vreesden </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zij (they)</td> <td>stem+<b>den</b></td> <td>Zij vreesden </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jullie</td> <td>stem+<b>den</b></td> <td>Jullie vreesden </td></tr> <tr> <td>U</td> <td>stem+<b>de</b></td> <td>U vreesde </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continuating_verbs">Continuating verbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Continuating verbs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Continuating verbs"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Dutch has <i>present continuous</i> (the -ing form of verbs in English), it is not used often: </p> <dl><dd>The senctence "I am eating", is in Dutch "Ik eet", which is literally "I eat".</dd> <dd>The present continuous in Dutch is "Ik ben etende", but it is almost never used.</dd></dl> <p>Actually, there are three types of continuous verbs in Dutch. </p> <ol><li>The first type is a form of the verb <i>zijn</i> (to be) with the actual continuous verb. That is done by adding <i>de</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Infinitive" title="Infinitive">infinitive</a>. It is rare but correct to use it in Dutch, and it is used only in very formal texts.</li> <li>The second type is a type in and which the verb actually functions as an <a href="/wiki/Adverb" title="Adverb">adverb</a>. Depending on the <a href="/wiki/Subject" class="mw-disambig" title="Subject">subject</a>, the verb is changed by adding either a "d" or "de" to the infinitive. The verb then has the function of <i>while....</i>. An example: <i>Hij liep <b>drinkend</b> de supermarkt uit</i>. English uses <i>He walked out of the supermarket while <b>drinking</b> </i>.</li> <li>The third type is a type that is often used. Its use can be compared with the English type of continuous. Something is being done at the moment but is not completed. The form of <i>zijn</i> + <i>aan het</i> comes before the infinitive: <i>Ik ben aan het lopen</i>, which means <i>I am walking (at the moment)</i>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Examples" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Examples"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="Brecht_Decoene_voice_nl.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Brecht_Decoene_voice_nl.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Brecht_Decoene_voice_nl.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/Brecht_Decoene_voice_nl.ogg/Brecht_Decoene_voice_nl.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Spoken Dutch</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> <i> hallo </i> (hello) <br /> <i> Ik heet ... </i> (my name is...) <br /> <i> Ik hou van je </i> (I love you) <br /> <i> ja </i> (yes) <br /> <i> nee </i> (no) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numbers">Numbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Numbers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Numbers"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> <i> een </i> (one) <br /> <i> twee </i> (two) <br /> <i> drie </i> (three) <br /> <i> vier </i> (four) <br /> <i> vijf </i> (five) <br /> <i> zes </i> (six) <br /> <i> zeven </i> (seven) <br /> <i> acht </i> (eight) <br /> <i> negen </i> (nine) <br /> <i> tien </i> (ten) <br /> <i> elf </i> (eleven) <br /> <i> twaalf </i> (twelve) </p><p>In number with three <a href="/wiki/Digit" class="mw-redirect" title="Digit">digits</a> (e.g. 100), the Dutch change the u into o and replace 1 of the r's. Example: </p> <dl><dd>The number 100 becomes: <i>honderd</i>, which literally means <i>hundred</i>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_Dutch_expressions">Basic Dutch expressions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Basic Dutch expressions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Basic Dutch expressions"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="pretty table" width="40%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Dutch</th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>Hallo</td> <td>Hello </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hoi</td> <td>Hi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dag</td> <td>Bye (formal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Doei!</td> <td>Bye! (informal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tot later!</td> <td>See you later! </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goedemorgen/Goedemiddag</td> <td>Good morning/Good afternoon </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goedenavond/Goedenacht</td> <td>Good evening/Good night </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hoe gaat het met je?</td> <td>How are you? (informal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hoe gaat het met u?</td> <td>How are you? (formal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Met mij gaat het goed!</td> <td>I am fine! </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dank je/Dank u</td> <td>Thank you (informal/formal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Graag gedaan</td> <td>You are welcome </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spreekt u Engels?</td> <td>Do you speak English? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spreekt u Nederlands?</td> <td>Do you speak Dutch? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ik begrijp het niet</td> <td>I do not understand </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ik weet het niet</td> <td>I do not know </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tot ziens</td> <td>Goodbye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tot straks</td> <td>See you later </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mijn naam is...</td> <td>My name is... </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ik ben...</td> <td>I am... </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alsjeblieft</td> <td>Please (informal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alstublieft</td> <td>Please (formal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wat is je naam?</td> <td>What is your name? (informal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wat is uw naam?</td> <td>What is your name? (formal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Waar kom je vandaan?</td> <td>Where are you from? (informal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Waar komt u vandaan?</td> <td>Where are you from? (formal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ik kom uit Nederland/België</td> <td>I'm from the Netherlands/Belgium </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wat is er?</td> <td>What's wrong? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sorry, waar is het station?</td> <td>Excuse me, where is the train station? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hoeveel kost deze trui?</td> <td>How much is this sweater? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mevrouw</td> <td>Miss/Mrs. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Meneer</td> <td>Mr. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Waar</td> <td>Where </td></tr> <tr> <td>Misschien</td> <td>Maybe </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goede reis</td> <td>Have a good trip </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prettige dag</td> <td>Have a nice day </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e19-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-e19_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/19/language/nld/">Dutch</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (19th ed., 2016)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UofL-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-UofL_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502062920/http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/modern-languages/lal/languages%20at%20lal/dutch">"Dutch"</a>. <i>Languages at Leicester</i>. University of Leicester. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/modern-languages/lal/languages%20at%20lal/dutch">the original</a> on 2014-05-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Languages+at+Leicester&rft.atitle=Dutch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.le.ac.uk%2Fdepartments%2Fmodern-languages%2Flal%2Flanguages%2520at%2520lal%2Fdutch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ADutch+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151006202026/http://www.iamsterdam.com/en/visiting/about-amsterdam/history-and-society/language">"Language"</a>. I Amsterdam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iamsterdam.com/en/visiting/about-amsterdam/history-and-society/language">the original</a> on 6 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Language&rft.pub=I+Amsterdam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iamsterdam.com%2Fen%2Fvisiting%2Fabout-amsterdam%2Fhistory-and-society%2Flanguage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ADutch+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wayne C. Thompson, <i>Western Europe 2015-2016</i> (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015), p. 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brachin4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Brachin4_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Brachin4_5-1">5.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Brachin4_5-2">5.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierre Brachin, <i>The Dutch Language: A Survey</i> (Leiden: E.J. 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id="West" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Frisian_languages" title="Anglo-Frisian languages">Anglo-Frisian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglic_languages" title="Anglic languages">Anglic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects of English">dialects</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Irish Middle English</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fingallian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fingallian (not yet started)">Fingallian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kildare_Poems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kildare Poems (not yet started)">Kildare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yola_dialect" title="Yola dialect">Yola</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots language">Scots</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Early_Scots" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Scots">Early Scots</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Scots" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Scots">Middle Scots</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frisian_languages" title="Frisian languages">Frisian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Frisian" title="Old Frisian">Old Frisian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Frisian (not yet started)">Middle Frisian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Frisian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="East Frisian language">East Frisian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saterland_Frisian_language" title="Saterland Frisian language">Saterland Frisian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Weser</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wangerooge_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wangerooge Frisian (not yet started)">Wangerooge Frisian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wursten_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wursten Frisian (not yet started)">Wursten Frisian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harlingerland_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harlingerland Frisian (not yet started)">Harlingerland Frisian</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Frisian_language" title="North Frisian language">North Frisian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Insular <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiderstedt_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiderstedt Frisian (not yet started)">Eiderstedt</a></i></li> <li>Föhr–Amrum <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6hr_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Föhr North Frisian (not yet started)">Föhr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrum_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amrum North Frisian (not yet started)">Amrum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heligoland_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heligoland Frisian (not yet started)">Heligolandic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sylt_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sylt North Frisian (not yet started)">Sylt</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mainland <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B6kingharde_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bökingharde North Frisian (not yet started)">Bökingharde</a> <ul><li>Mooring</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halligen_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halligen Frisian (not yet started)">Halligen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goesharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goesharde Frisian (not yet started)">Goesharde</a> <ul><li>Northern</li> <li>Central</li> <li><i>Southern</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karrharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karrharde Frisian (not yet started)">Karrharde</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strand_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strand Frisian (not yet started)">Strand</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiedingharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiedingharde Frisian (not yet started)">Wiedingharde</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Frisian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Frisian languages (not yet started)">West Frisian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindeloopen_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindeloopen Frisian (not yet started)">Hindeloopen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiermonnikoog_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiermonnikoog Frisian (not yet started)">Schiermonnikoog</a></li> <li>Westlauwers–Terschellings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">Mainland West Frisian</a> <ul><li>Clay Frisian</li> <li>Wood Frisian <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westereendersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westereendersk (not yet started)">Westereendersk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terschelling_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terschelling Frisian (not yet started)">Terschelling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Low_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German">Low German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Saxon" title="Old Saxon">Old Saxon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Low_German" title="Middle Low German">Middle Low German</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Low_German" title="West Low German">West Low German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Low_Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Low Saxon">Dutch Low Saxon</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stellingwarfs_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stellingwarfs dialect (not yet started)">Stellingwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweants_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tweants dialect (not yet started)">Tweants</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gronings_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gronings dialect (not yet started)">Gronings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr%C3%A8ents_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drèents dialects (not yet started)">Drèents</a></li> <li>Gelders-Overijssels <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achterhooks" title="Achterhooks">Achterhooks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sallaans_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sallaans dialect (not yet started)">Sallaans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urkers_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urkers dialect (not yet started)">Urkers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veluws_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veluws dialect (not yet started)">Veluws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Low_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Low Saxon (not yet started)">Northern Low Saxon</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Frisian_Low_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Frisian Low Saxon (not yet started)">East Frisian Low Saxon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastphalian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastphalian language (not yet started)">Eastphalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westphalian_language" title="Westphalian language">Westphalian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Low_German" title="East Low German">East Low German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect (not yet started)">Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburgisch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburgisch dialect (not yet started)">Brandenburgisch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Pomeranian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Pomeranian (not yet started)">Central Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Pomeranian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Pomeranian (not yet started)">East Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Prussian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Prussian dialect (not yet started)">Low Prussian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plautdietsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plautdietsch (not yet started)">Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Low_Franconian" title="Low Franconian">Low Franconian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_language" title="Frankish language">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Dutch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Dutch (not yet started)">Old Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Dutch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Dutch (not yet started)">Middle Dutch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard language (not yet started)">Standard variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaaps (not yet started)">Kaaps</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Low Franconian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Dutch_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Dutch dialects (not yet started)">Central Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollandic_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollandic dialect (not yet started)">Hollandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Flemish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Flemish (not yet started)">West Flemish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Flemish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Flemish (not yet started)">French Flemish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeelandic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeelandic (not yet started)">Zeelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Flemish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Flemish (not yet started)">East Flemish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brabantian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brabantian dialect (not yet started)">Brabantian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleverlandish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kleverlandish (not yet started)">Kleverlandish</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surinamese_Dutch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surinamese Dutch (not yet started)">Surinamese Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Dutch_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jersey Dutch language (not yet started)">Jersey Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohawk_Dutch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohawk Dutch (not yet started)">Mohawk Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadsfries_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadsfries dialects (not yet started)">Stadsfries</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bildts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bildts (not yet started)">Bildts</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amelands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amelands (not yet started)">Amelands</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Midslands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midslands (not yet started)">Midslands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Low_Franconian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Low Franconian (not yet started)">East Low Franconian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish">Limburgish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cover groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bergish_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bergish dialects (not yet started)">Bergish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meuse-Rhenish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meuse-Rhenish (not yet started)">Meuse-Rhenish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_German_languages" title="High German languages">High German</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_High_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old High German (not yet started)">Old High German</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_High_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New High German (not yet started)">New High German</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_New_High_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early New High German (not yet started)">Early New High German</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Standard_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Standard German (not yet started)">German Standard German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_German" title="Austrian German">Austrian Standard German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">Swiss Standard German</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard language (not yet started)">standard variants</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibian_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namibian German (not yet started)">Namibian German</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibian_Black_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namibian Black German (not yet started)">Namibian Black German</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berlin_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berlin German (not yet started)">Berlinerisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unserdeutsch" title="Unserdeutsch">Unserdeutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barossa_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barossa German (not yet started)">Barossa German</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotwelsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotwelsch (not yet started)">Rotwelsch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotegorisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotegorisch (not yet started)">Lotegorisch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yenish_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yenish language (not yet started)">Yenish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yiddish dialects (not yet started)">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yiddish dialects (not yet started)">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Scotland (not yet started)">Scots Yiddish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klezmer-loshn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klezmer-loshn (not yet started)">Klezmer-loshn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachoudisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lachoudisch (not yet started)">Lachoudisch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_German" title="Central German">Central German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Central_German" title="West Central German">West Central German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Franconian_languages" title="Central Franconian languages">Central Franconian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_language" title="Ripuarian language">Ripuarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colognian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Colognian dialect">Colognian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Limburgish_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Limburgish dialect (not yet started)">Southeast Limburgish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moselle_Franconian_language" title="Moselle Franconian language">Moselle Franconian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxon_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transylvanian Saxon dialect (not yet started)">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunsr%C3%BCckisch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunsrückisch dialect (not yet started)">Hunsrückisch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunsrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunsrik (not yet started)">Hunsrik</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhenish_Franconian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhenish Franconian languages (not yet started)">Rhine Franconian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Franconian" title="Lorraine Franconian">Lorraine Franconian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_German_language" title="Palatine German language">Palatine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Germans#Language" title="Volga Germans">Volga German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Dutch language">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessian_dialects" title="Hessian dialects">Hessian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Hessian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Hessian (not yet started)">Central Hessian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amana_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amana German (not yet started)">Amana German</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Central_German" title="East Central German">East Central German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thuringian_dialect" title="Thuringian dialect">Thuringian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_German" title="Upper Saxon German">Upper Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzgebirgisch" title="Erzgebirgisch">Erzgebirgisch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusatian_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lusatian dialects (not yet started)">Lusatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_German" title="Silesian German">Silesian German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Prussian_dialect" title="High Prussian dialect">High Prussian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wymysorys_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wymysorys language (not yet started)">Wymysorys</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alzenau_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alzenau dialect (not yet started)">Halcnovian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_German" title="Upper German">Upper German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic</a> in the broad sense <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Alemannic_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Alemannic German (not yet started)">Low Alemannic</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alsatian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alsatian dialect (not yet started)">Alsatian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Tovar_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonia Tovar dialect (not yet started)">Coloniero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Alemannic_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Alemannic German (not yet started)">High Alemannic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Highest_Alemannic_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Highest Alemannic German (not yet started)">Highest Alemannic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walser_German" title="Walser German">Walser German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swabian_German" title="Swabian German">Swabian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavarian language">Bavarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Bavarian" title="Northern Bavarian">Northern Bavarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bavarian" title="Central Bavarian">Central Bavarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viennese_German" title="Viennese German">Viennese German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Bavarian" title="Southern Bavarian">Southern Bavarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Tyrolean_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Tyrolean dialect (not yet started)">South Tyrolean</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimbrian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cimbrian language (not yet started)">Cimbrian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B2cheno_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mòcheno language (not yet started)">Mòcheno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutterite_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutterite German (not yet started)">Hutterite German</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottscheerish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottscheerish (not yet started)">Gottscheerish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Franconian_German" title="South Franconian German">South Franconian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Franconian_German" title="East Franconian German">East Franconian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vogtlandian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vogtlandian (not yet started)">Vogtlandian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lombardic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lombardic language (not yet started)">Langobardic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_and_East" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="North Germanic languages">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Germanic languages">East</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="North Germanic languages">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Norse_language" title="Proto-Norse language">Proto-Norse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></i> <ul><li><i>Old West Norse</i></li> <li><i>Old East Norse</i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Gutnish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Gutnish (not yet started)">Old Gutnish</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bergensk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bergensk (not yet started)">Bergensk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebabnorsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebabnorsk (not yet started)">Kebabnorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sognam%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sognamål dialect (not yet started)">Sognamål</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%C3%B8ndersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trøndersk (not yet started)">Trøndersk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallingm%C3%A5l-Valdris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallingmål-Valdris (not yet started)">Valdris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestlandsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestlandsk (not yet started)">Vestlandsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vikv%C3%A6rsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vikværsk (not yet started)">Vikværsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Bokmål</a> (written)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Nynorsk</a> (written)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Norwegian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Norwegian (not yet started)">Old Norwegian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Norwegian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Norwegian (not yet started)">Middle Norwegian</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse#Old_Icelandic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Norse">Old Icelandic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Icelandic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Icelandic (not yet started)">Middle Icelandic</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenlandic_Norse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenlandic Norse (not yet started)">Greenlandic Norse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norn_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norn language (not yet started)">Norn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedish_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swedish dialects (not yet started)">Swedish dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rinkeby_Swedish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rinkeby Swedish (not yet started)">Rinkebysvenska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danish_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danish dialects (not yet started)">Danish dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insular_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insular Danish (not yet started)">Insular Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jutlandic_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jutlandic dialect (not yet started)">Jutlandic</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Jutlandic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Jutlandic (not yet started)">South Jutlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Danish (not yet started)">East Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bornholm_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bornholm dialect (not yet started)">Bornholmsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scanian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scanian dialect (not yet started)">Scanian</a> (historically)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Schleswig_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Schleswig Danish (not yet started)">Southern Schleswig Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B8tudanskt_accent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gøtudanskt accent (not yet started)">Gøtudanskt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkerdansk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkerdansk (not yet started)">Perkerdansk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Danish (not yet started)">Old Danish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Danish (not yet started)">Middle Danish</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalecarlian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalecarlian language (not yet started)">Dalecarlian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elfdalian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elfdalian (not yet started)">Elfdalian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gutnish <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gutnish_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gutnish language (not yet started)">Mainland Gutnish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A5r%C3%B6m%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fårömål dialect (not yet started)">Fårö Gutnish</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/East_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Germanic languages">East</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic</a></i> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Gothic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crimean Gothic (not yet started)">Crimean Gothic</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burgundians#Language" title="Burgundians">Burgundian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vandalic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vandalic language (not yet started)">Vandalic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Philology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_philology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic philology (not yet started)">Philology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Maurer_(linguist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Maurer (linguist) (not yet started)">Language subgroups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="North Germanic languages">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Germanic languages">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elbe_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elbe Germanic (not yet started)">Elbe (Irminonic)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weser-Rhine_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weser-Rhine Germanic (not yet started)">Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Germanic" title="North Sea Germanic">North Sea (Ingvaeonic)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwest Germanic (not yet started)">Northwest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gotho-Nordic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotho-Nordic (not yet started)">Gotho-Nordic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Germanic (not yet started)">South</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconstructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Germanic_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Germanic grammar (not yet started)">Proto-Germanic grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_parent_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic parent language (not yet started)">Germanic parent language</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Belgian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Belgian language (not yet started)">Ancient Belgian language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diachronic features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimm%27s_law" title="Grimm's law">Grimm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verner%27s_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verner's law (not yet started)">Verner's law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holtzmann%27s_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holtzmann's law (not yet started)">Holtzmann's law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sievers%27s_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sievers's law (not yet started)">Sievers's law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kluge%27s_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kluge's law (not yet started)">Kluge's law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_substrate_hypothesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic substrate hypothesis (not yet started)">Germanic substrate hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Germanic_gemination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Germanic gemination (not yet started)">West Germanic gemination</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_German_consonant_shift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High German consonant shift (not yet started)">High German consonant shift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_a-mutation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic a-mutation (not yet started)">Germanic a-mutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_umlaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic umlaut">Germanic umlaut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_spirant_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic spirant law (not yet started)">Germanic spirant law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingvaeonic_nasal_spirant_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law (not yet started)">Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift" title="Great Vowel Shift">Great Vowel Shift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synchronic features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_verb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic verb (not yet started)">Germanic verb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_strong_verb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic strong verb (not yet started)">Germanic strong verb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_weak_verb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic weak verb (not yet started)">Germanic weak verb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_verb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic verb (not yet started)">Preterite-present verb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatischer_Wechsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grammatischer Wechsel (not yet started)">Grammatischer Wechsel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-European_ablaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-European ablaut (not yet started)">Indo-European ablaut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Variety_(linguistics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variety (linguistics) (not yet started)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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