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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="صندوق استكشاف فلسطين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صندوق استكشاف فلسطين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Palestine Exploration Fund" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Palestine Exploration Fund" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondo_para_la_Exploraci%C3%B3n_de_Palestina" title="Fondo para la Exploración de Palestina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fondo para la Exploración de Palestina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Palestine Exploration Fund" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Palestine Exploration Fund" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C" title="הקרן לחקר ארץ ישראל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקרן לחקר ארץ ישראל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="صندوق استكشاف فلسطين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صندوق استكشاف فلسطين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Palestine Exploration Fund" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Фонд исследования Палестины – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фонд исследования Палестины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palestine Exploration Fund" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/PEQst1900.png/200px-PEQst1900.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/PEQst1900.png/300px-PEQst1900.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/PEQst1900.png/400px-PEQst1900.png 2x" data-file-width="1929" data-file-height="3123" /></a><figcaption>Palestinian Exploration Fund's <i>Quarterly Statement</i>, July 1900</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DeadSeaLevelPEF.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/DeadSeaLevelPEF.JPG/200px-DeadSeaLevelPEF.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/DeadSeaLevelPEF.JPG/300px-DeadSeaLevelPEF.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/DeadSeaLevelPEF.JPG/400px-DeadSeaLevelPEF.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="582" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/PEF_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="PEF rock">PEF rock</a>: Mark on boulder used by the PEF as a reference level (<a href="/wiki/Geodetic_datum" title="Geodetic datum">datum</a>) for surveying the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a> in the beginning of the 20th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Palestine Exploration Fund</b> is a British society based in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. It was founded in 1865, shortly after the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_of_Jerusalem" title="Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem">Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem</a> by Royal Engineers of the War Department. The Fund is the oldest known organization in the world created specifically for the study of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> region, also known as <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often simply known as the <b>PEF</b>, its initial objective was to carry out surveys of the topography and ethnography of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine#Ottoman_period" title="History of Palestine">Ottoman Palestine</a> – producing the <a href="/wiki/PEF_Survey_of_Palestine" title="PEF Survey of Palestine">PEF Survey of Palestine</a>. Its remit was considered to fall between an expeditionary survey and military intelligence gathering.<sup id="cite_ref-PEF1997_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEF1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was also strong religious interest from Christians; <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson_(Archbishop_of_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomson (Archbishop of York)">William Thomson</a>, Archbishop of York, was the first president of the PEF. </p><p>As a result, the PEF had a complex relationship with <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Royal_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Corps of Royal Engineers">Corps of Royal Engineers</a> of the War Department.<sup id="cite_ref-SR2003_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PEF members sent back reports to the UK on the need to salvage and modernise the Levant region.<sup id="cite_ref-IP2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:256px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"This country of Palestine belongs to you and me, it is essentially ours. It was given to the Father of Israel in the words: "Walk through the land in the length of it, and in the breadth of it, for I will give it unto thee". We mean to walk through Palestine in the length and in the breadth of it, because that land has been given unto us. It is the land from which comes news of our Redemption. It is the land towards which we turn as the fountain of all our hopes; it is the land to which we may look with as true a patriotism as we do in this dear old England, which we love so much."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Speech at the first meeting of the PEF: <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson_(Archbishop_of_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomson (Archbishop of York)">William Thomson</a>, the Archbishop of York and first President of the PEF</cite></p> </div> <p>Following the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_of_Jerusalem" title="Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem">Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_archaeology" title="Biblical archaeology">Biblical archaeologists</a> and clergymen who supported the survey financed the creation of the fund. It was founded on 22 June 1865 with initial funding of £300.<sup id="cite_ref-SR2003_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most notable of the founders were <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Penrhyn_Stanley" title="Arthur Penrhyn Stanley">Arthur P. Stanley</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)" title="Dean (Christianity)">Dean</a> of <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Grove" title="George Grove">George Grove</a>, who later founded the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music" title="Royal College of Music">Royal College of Music</a> and was responsible for <i><a href="/wiki/Grove%27s_Dictionary_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove's Dictionary of Music">Grove's Dictionary of Music</a></i>. Its founders established the fund "for the purpose of investigating the Archaeology, Geography, manners, customs and culture, Geology and Natural History of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Shehadehp46_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shehadehp46-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The roots of the Palestine Exploration Fund lie in a literary society founded by British Consul <a href="/wiki/James_Finn" title="James Finn">James Finn</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Anne_Finn" title="Elizabeth Anne Finn">Elizabeth Anne Finn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pef.org.uk/photographic/photographs">photographs of Palestine</a> have survived from this period. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_J._Bliss" title="Frederick J. Bliss">Frederick J. Bliss</a> wrote of the foundation that "[a]s far as its aims were concerned this organization was but a re-institution of a Society formed about the year 1804 under the name of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Association" title="Palestine Association">Palestine Association</a>... it is interesting to note that the General Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund recognized an organic connection with the earlier Society."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The preliminary meeting of the Society of the Palestine Exploration Fund took place in the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Chamber" title="Jerusalem Chamber">Jerusalem Chamber</a> of <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson_(Archbishop_of_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomson (Archbishop of York)">William Thomson</a>, the Archbishop of York, publicly read the original prospectus at this meeting; </p> <blockquote><p>[O]ur object is strictly an inductive inquiry. We are not to be a religious society; we are not about to launch controversy; we are about to apply the rules of science, which are so well understood by us in our branches, to an investigation into the facts concerning the Holy Land. "No country should be of so much interest to us as that in which the documents of our Faith were written, and the momentous events they describe enacted. At the same time no country more urgently requires illustration ... Even to a casual traveller in the Holy Land the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> becomes, in its form, and therefore to some extent in its substance, a new book. Much would be gained by ...bringing to light the remains of so many races and generations which must lie concealed under the accumulation of rubbish and ruins on which those villages stand ...<sup id="cite_ref-PEF1997_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEF1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shehadehp46_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shehadehp46-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The PEF conducted many early excavations of biblical and post-biblical sites around the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, as well as studies involving natural history, anthropology, history and geography. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_survey_of_Western_Palestine-Jerusalem_(1884)_(14591905908).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/The_survey_of_Western_Palestine-Jerusalem_%281884%29_%2814591905908%29.jpg/220px-The_survey_of_Western_Palestine-Jerusalem_%281884%29_%2814591905908%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/The_survey_of_Western_Palestine-Jerusalem_%281884%29_%2814591905908%29.jpg/330px-The_survey_of_Western_Palestine-Jerusalem_%281884%29_%2814591905908%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/The_survey_of_Western_Palestine-Jerusalem_%281884%29_%2814591905908%29.jpg/440px-The_survey_of_Western_Palestine-Jerusalem_%281884%29_%2814591905908%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="3164" /></a><figcaption> "Plan of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Noble Sanctuary</a>" from <i>The Survey of Western Palestine-Jerusalem</i> (1884)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1867, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren" title="Charles Warren">Charles Warren</a> led PEF's biggest expedition. Warren and his team improved the topography of Jerusalem and discovered the ancient water systems that lay beneath this city. The water system was later named <a href="/wiki/Warren%27s_Shaft" title="Warren's Shaft">Warren's Shaft</a>, after his work.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also made the first excavations of <a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Tell es-Sultan</a>, site of the biblical city of <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2013 publication, <i>The Walls of the Temple Mount</i>, provides more specifics about Warren's work, as summarized in a book review:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"... he concentrated on excavating shafts down beneath the ground to the level of the lower parts of the external Temple Mount walls, recording the different types of stonework he encountered at different levels and other features, such as Robinson's Arch on the western side and the Herodian street below it. ... in 1884 the PEF published a large portfolio of 50 of Warren's maps, plans and drawings titled Plans, Elevations, Sections, etc., Shewing the Results of the Excavations at Jerusalem, 1867–70 (now known as the 'Warren Atlas')."</p></blockquote> <p>In 1875, the <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_7th_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury">Earl of Shaftesbury</a>, a prominent social reformer, told the Annual General Meeting of the PEF that "We have there a land teeming with fertility and rich in history, but almost without an inhabitant – a country without a people, and look! scattered over the world, a people without a country." It was one of the earliest usages by a prominent politician of the phrase "<a href="/wiki/A_land_without_a_people_for_a_people_without_a_land" title="A land without a people for a people without a land">A land without a people for a people without a land</a>," which was to become widely used by advocates of Jewish settlement in Palestine. And, he added: "But let it return into the hands of the Israelites..."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1878, the Treasurer's statement listed over 130 local associations of the PEF in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> (including Ireland). There were also branches in Canada and Australia, and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. Expenditure in 1877 amounted to £2,959 14s 11d.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable persons associated with PEF: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder" title="Claude Reignier Conder">Claude R. Conder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren" title="Charles Warren">Charles Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Lord Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Palmer" title="Edward Henry Palmer">Edward Henry Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._E._Lawrence" title="T. E. Lawrence">T. E. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kenyon" title="Kathleen Kenyon">Kathleen Kenyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Schick" title="Conrad Schick">Conrad Schick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Wilson" title="Charles William Wilson">Charles Wilson</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_projects">Early projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/PEF_Survey_of_Palestine" title="PEF Survey of Palestine">PEF Survey of Palestine</a></div> <p>The first 21 years of the fund are summarised in PEF (1886). Its chapters and persons mentioned include the following: </p> <ul><li>The Foundation of the Society <ul><li>Claude Conder</li> <li>Charles Warren</li> <li>Lord Kitchener</li> <li>Edward Henry Palmer</li> <li>Kathleen Kenyon</li> <li>Conrad Schick</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomson_(Archbishop_of_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomson (Archbishop of York)">William Thomson (Archbishop of York)</a></li> <li>Charles Wilson</li></ul></li></ul> <p>In his opening address (<i>p.8</i>), Archbishop Thomson laid down three basic principles for the Society: </p> <ul><li><i>That whatever was undertaken should be carried out on scientific principles</i></li> <li><i>That the Society should, as a body, abstain from controversy</i></li> <li><i>That it should not be started, nor should it be conducted, as a religious society.</i></li></ul> <p>Regarding the latter, great emphasis was placed upon the nomenclature "Holy Land", so the notion of religion could never have been far away. Also (<i>p.10</i>) stress was laid upon the fact that "The Society numbers among its supporters Christians and Jews". (Muslims were not mentioned.)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>The Chronicle of the Society</li> <li>The First Expedition</li> <li>The Excavations at Jerusalem</li> <li>The Desert of the Exodus</li> <li>The Survey of Western Palestine</li> <li>The Archaeological Expeditions</li> <li>The Survey of Eastern Palestine</li> <li>The Geological Survey</li> <li>Smaller Expeditions</li> <li>The Monuments of the Country</li> <li>Obituary</li> <li>The Work of the Future</li> <li>Chronological Summary of the Fund's Work</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder" title="Claude Reignier Conder">Captain Conder</a>'s identifications</li></ul> <p>Elsewhere the following activities have been reported: </p> <ul><li>Excavations in Jerusalem (1867–1870); conducted by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren" title="Charles Warren">Charles Warren</a> and Henry Birtles</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/PEF_Survey_of_Palestine" title="PEF Survey of Palestine">PEF Survey of Palestine</a> (1872–1877); The majority of the work of the survey was carried out by men from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a>.</li> <li>The Ordnance Survey of Sinai (1872); undertaken by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Palmer" title="Edward Henry Palmer">Edward Palmer</a>.</li> <li>Excavations at <a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Hesi" title="Tell el-Hesi">Tell el-Hesi</a> (1890–1893); under the direction of Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Matthew_Flinders_Petrie" class="mw-redirect" title="William Matthew Flinders Petrie">William Matthew Flinders Petrie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_J._Bliss" title="Frederick J. Bliss">Frederick J. Bliss</a>.</li> <li>Excavations resumed at <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> (1890); led by F. Bliss, focussing on the southern edge of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion" title="Mount Zion">Mount Zion</a> round to the <a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Siloam" title="Pool of Siloam">Pool of Siloam</a>.</li> <li>Excavations at <a href="/wiki/Azekah" title="Azekah">Tell Zakariya (Azekah)</a> (1897–1899); led by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_J._Bliss" title="Frederick J. Bliss">Frederick J. Bliss</a> and <a href="/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister" title="R. A. Stewart Macalister">R. A. Stewart Macalister</a>.</li> <li>Excavations at <a href="/wiki/Gezer" title="Gezer">Gezer</a> (1902–1908); led by <a href="/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister" title="R. A. Stewart Macalister">R. A. Stewart Macalister</a>.</li> <li>Excavation at <a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beth-Shemesh</a> (1911); led by <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Mackenzie" title="Duncan Mackenzie">Duncan Mackenzie</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_of_Zin" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness of Zin">Wilderness of Zin</a> Archaeological Survey (1913–1914); conducted by Sir <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Woolley" title="Leonard Woolley">Leonard Woolley</a> and <a href="/wiki/T._E._Lawrence" title="T. E. Lawrence">T. E. Lawrence</a>.</li> <li>Excavation at <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a> (1920s); led by <a href="/wiki/John_Garstang" title="John Garstang">John Garstang</a>.</li> <li>Excavation of <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">paleolithic</a> site on the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a> (1925); led by <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Garrod" title="Dorothy Garrod">Dorothy Garrod</a>.</li> <li>Excavations south of <a href="/wiki/Tall_al-Ajjul" class="mw-redirect" title="Tall al-Ajjul">Gaza</a> and at <a href="/wiki/HaBesor_Stream#Archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="HaBesor Stream">Beth Pelet</a> (1929–1933); led by Petrie.</li> <li>Excavation at <a href="/wiki/Samaria_(ancient_city)" title="Samaria (ancient city)">Samaria</a> (1931–1933); led by <a href="/wiki/John_Winter_Crowfoot" title="John Winter Crowfoot">John W. Crowfoot</a> with <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew</a> University of Jerusalem.</li> <li>Excavation at <a href="/wiki/Tel_Lachish" title="Tel Lachish">Tel el-Duweir</a> (1934–1938); led by <a href="/wiki/James_Leslie_Starkey" title="James Leslie Starkey">James Leslie Starkey</a> until his murder in 1938. Finds included some of the earliest examples of <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> written on over twenty <a href="/wiki/Ostraca" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostraca">ostraca</a>.</li></ul> <p>The Palestine Exploration Fund was also involved in the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/British_School_of_Archaeology_in_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem">British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem</a> in 1919. The School worked with the Fund in joint excavations at Jerusalem's <a href="/wiki/Ophel" title="Ophel">Ophel</a> in the 1920s. The school's second director, <a href="/wiki/John_Winter_Crowfoot" title="John Winter Crowfoot">John Winter Crowfoot</a>, was Chairman of the PEF from 1945 to 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_of_the_Palestine_Exploration_Fund">Women of the Palestine Exploration Fund</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Women of the Palestine Exploration Fund"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Native_women_grinding_wheat,_Palestine.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Native_women_grinding_wheat%2C_Palestine.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Native_women_grinding_wheat%2C_Palestine.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Native_women_grinding_wheat%2C_Palestine.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Native_women_grinding_wheat%2C_Palestine.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Native_women_grinding_wheat%2C_Palestine.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Native_women_grinding_wheat%2C_Palestine.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1415" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Women grind grain with a hand mill, Palestine (1900)</figcaption></figure> <p>Through the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, women were frequently employed by the Fund to carry baskets of soil from the excavations to the dump. These women also cut back brush and dug. The majority of these women remain nameless, as they were hired to perform hard labour on behalf of the trained archaeologists. Bliss took an active interest in the lives of his workers—though not necessarily in their well-being—recording a few names and stories. In his diary, Bliss wrote that most of the workers were from <a href="/wiki/Bureir" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureir">Bureir</a>, a village six miles away from the Tell. Most of the men slept at camp, "digging little shallow graves for a bed", but "the women and girls had the long walk both before and after work. Six miles' walk before 6.30a.m., and six miles' walk after 5p.m., with a hard day's work of carrying earth-piled baskets on the head in between". He comments that this does not seem like an easy life, but more women and girls applied for work than he could employ.<sup id="cite_ref-J._Bliss,_1891_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J._Bliss,_1891-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heuda is one woman employed to work on an excavation with Bliss, at <a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Hesi" title="Tell el-Hesi">Tell el-Hesi</a>. He first writes about her in 1891, noting that she is a capital worker though "a bolder, wilder girl I never saw". He describes her capacity to run all over the site and clear the trenches for excavation with wonder, also commenting on her good looks and marriage prospects. He writes about her cousin, Rizq, as well, and her abilities to haul earth. Bliss provided a unique insight into the lives of two of the women comprising the PEF workforce. Subsequent directors only referred to the women in their employ as anonymous labourers, sometimes complaining that they brought too much gossip—though in Bliss' journals, he recounts more familial and romantic tension that caused trouble on site among the men.<sup id="cite_ref-J._Bliss,_1891_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J._Bliss,_1891-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PEF_today">PEF today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: PEF today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For some years, the fund's office was located north of <a href="/wiki/Wigmore_Street" title="Wigmore Street">Wigmore Street</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Marylebone" title="Marylebone">Marylebone</a> section of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a>, London, but in early 2019, the PEF moved to 5-6 Dreadnought Walk, <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>, London.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chief Executive and Curator of the PEF, Felicity Cobbing, told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jordan_Times" title="The Jordan Times">The Jordan Times</a></i> that the Ottoman's Palestine region included historical Palestine, Jordan, southern Syria, Lebanon, the Sinai Peninsula and the island of Cyprus. The PEF's "goal was – and remains – to study the country, its people and its natural, ancient and cultural heritage," she added. The new Greenwich headquarters provides more space for PEF collections and its specialist library. "Now we can welcome many more scholars and we can look forward to developing collaborative projects with other institutions both in the UK and internationally," Cobbing said.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The PEF holds regular events and lectures and provides annual grants for various projects. In partnership with the British Museum Department of Middle East, the Palestine Exploration Fund hosts free lectures that reflect the diverse interests of their membership. The PEF also co-ordinates joint lectures with the Council for British Research in the Levant, the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society, the Society for Arabian Studies, and the Egypt Exploration Society. Once a year, an Annual General Meeting (AGM) is held before an lecture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grants">Grants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Grants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each year the Palestine Exploration Fund offers grants for travel and research related to topics connected with its founding aims. </p> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"to promote research into the archaeology and history, manners and customs and culture, topography, geology and natural sciences of biblical Palestine and the Levant"</p></blockquote></dd></dl> <p>The committee welcomes interdisciplinary applications relating to the fund's aims, as well as those relating to the PEF's archival collections. The PEF grants are open to all members of the PEF or someone who is becoming a member.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collection">Collection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Collection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The PEF's offices also house collections of photographs, maps, specimens, manuscripts, and paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-About_us_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_us-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At their location in London, there are collections over 6,000 artefacts that range in date from 40,000 B.C. to the 19th century. The archives contain over 40,000 photographs of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-About_us_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_us-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Objects come from sites in the South Levant, in particular from Jerusalem, Tell el Hesi, and Samaria. The material comes almost exclusively from PEF excavations carried out between the 1860s to the 1930s. Items on display include artefacts from excavations by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren" title="Charles Warren">Charles Warren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Flinders_Petrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Flinders Petrie">Sir William Flinders Petrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Jones_Bliss" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Jones Bliss">Frederick Jones Bliss</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Crowfoot" class="mw-redirect" title="John Crowfoot">John Crowfoot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PEF also has a collection of casts from original items that now reside in different areas around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also at the PEF is an archive of maps that is composed mainly of documents, letters, reports, plans and maps compiled by the explorers and scholars who worked for the PEF. These explorers include Charles Warren in Jerusalem and Palestine (1867–1870), <a href="/wiki/Claude_Conder" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Conder">Claude Conder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Kitchener" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Kitchener">Horatio Kitchener</a> on the Survey of Western Palestine (1872–1878), the Survey of Eastern Palestine (1880–81) and the Wady Arabah (1883–4), the excavations of Flinders Petrie and Frederick Jones Bliss at Tell el Hesi (1890–1892), the excavations of <a href="/wiki/R.A.S._Macalister" class="mw-redirect" title="R.A.S. Macalister">R.A.S. Macalister</a> at Gezer (1902–06), <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Mackenzie" title="Duncan Mackenzie">Duncan Mackenzie</a>'s excavations at Ain Shems-Beth Shemesh in 1910–1912, C. L. Woolley and <a href="/wiki/T._E._Lawrence" title="T. E. Lawrence">T. E. Lawrence</a> on the Wilderness of Zin Survey (1913–14), and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to these items, the PEF also maintains a collection of photographs of expeditions, coins, natural history, models, and historic forgeries.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The PEF also houses a library containing books pertaining to the diverse interests of itself and its members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quarterly_publication">Quarterly publication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Quarterly publication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The journal of the PEF devoted to the study of the history, archaeology and geography of the Levant has appeared under two successive titles: </p> <ul><li><i>Quarterly Statement</i> (Q.S., 1869–1937)</li> <li><i>Palestine Exploration Quarterly</i> (PEQ, since 1937).</li></ul> <p>For more see below under <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Further_reading">Further reading</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Palestinian_archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Palestinian archaeology">Syro-Palestinian archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Exploration_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Exploration Fund">Egyptian Exploration Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Palestine_Oriental_Society" title="The Palestine Oriental Society">The Palestine Oriental Society</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/palestine-exploration-fund-moves-show-levantine-heritage-culture-london">"Palestine Exploration Fund moves to show Levantine heritage, culture off in London"</a>. <i>Jordan Times</i>. 22 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=Palestine+Exploration+Fund+moves+to+show+Levantine+heritage%2C+culture+off+in+London&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fpalestine-exploration-fund-moves-show-levantine-heritage-culture-london&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PEF1997-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PEF1997_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PEF1997_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kathleen Stewart Howe, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, St. Louis Art Museum (1997) <i>Revealing the Holy Land: the photographic exploration of Palestine</i>, University of California Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89951-095-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-89951-095-7">0-89951-095-7</a> p 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SR2003-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SR2003_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SR2003_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joan M. Schwartz, James R. Ryan (2003) <i>Picturing Place: Photography and the Geographical Imagination</i> I. B. Tauris, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-752-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-752-9">1-86064-752-9</a>, p 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IP2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IP2004_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ilan Pappé (2004) <i>A history of modern Palestine: one land, two peoples</i> Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-55632-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-55632-5">0-521-55632-5</a> pp 34-35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Report of the Proceedings at a public meeting, 22 June 1865, 8, PEF/1865/2. Quoted <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBar-Yosef2005" class="citation book cs1">Bar-Yosef, Eitan (27 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2jUahvRl1-sC"><i>The Holy Land in English Culture 1799-1917: Palestine and the Question of Orientalism</i></a>. Clarendon Press. pp. 7–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926116-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926116-1"><bdi>978-0-19-926116-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Land+in+English+Culture+1799-1917%3A+Palestine+and+the+Question+of+Orientalism&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=2005-10-27&rft.isbn=978-0-19-926116-1&rft.aulast=Bar-Yosef&rft.aufirst=Eitan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2jUahvRl1-sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shehadehp46-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shehadehp46_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shehadehp46_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shehadeh, 2007, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Reminiscences of Mrs. Finn</i>. London. Marshall, Morgan,& Scott. 1929. p. 252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarkGoren2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kark" title="Ruth Kark">Kark, Ruth</a>; Goren, Haim (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4125967">"Pioneering British exploration and scriptural geography: The Syrian Society/The Palestine Association"</a>. <i>The Geographical Journal</i>. <b>177</b> (3): 264–274. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011GeogJ.177..264K">2011GeogJ.177..264K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4959.2011.00404.x">10.1111/j.1475-4959.2011.00404.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Geographical+Journal&rft.atitle=Pioneering+British+exploration+and+scriptural+geography%3A+The+Syrian+Society%2FThe+Palestine+Association&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=264-274&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-4959.2011.00404.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011GeogJ.177..264K&rft.aulast=Kark&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Goren%2C+Haim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4125967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190103122319/https://www.pef.org.uk/projects/">"Projects"</a>. <i>The Palestine Exploration Fund</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pef.org.uk/projects/">the original</a> on 3 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=Projects&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pef.org.uk%2Fprojects%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagemakers2014" class="citation book cs1">Wagemakers, Bart (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNAVBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA122"><i>Archaeology in the 'Land of Tells and Ruins': A History of Excavations in the Holy Land Inspired by the Photographs and Accounts of Leo Boer</i></a>. Oxbow Books. p. 122ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782972464" title="Special:BookSources/9781782972464"><bdi>9781782972464</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+in+the+%27Land+of+Tells+and+Ruins%27%3A+A+History+of+Excavations+in+the+Holy+Land+Inspired+by+the+Photographs+and+Accounts+of+Leo+Boer&rft.pages=122ff&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781782972464&rft.aulast=Wagemakers&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNAVBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-walls-of-the-temple-mount-2-vols/">https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-walls-of-the-temple-mount-2-vols/</a>, The Walls of the Temple Mount (2 vols.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalestine_Exploration_Fund1875" class="citation book cs1">Palestine Exploration Fund (1875). <i>Quarterly Statement for 1875</i>. London. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme07pale#page/n129/mode/1up">116</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quarterly+Statement+for+1875&rft.place=London&rft.pages=116&rft.date=1875&rft.au=Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statement. April, 1878. p.102; Treasurer's Report pp.28-31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palestine Exploration Fund, n. d. John Winter Crowfoot, 1873-1959. Available from: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pef.org.uk/profiles/john-winter-crowfoot-1873-1959">http://www.pef.org.uk/profiles/john-winter-crowfoot-1873-1959</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J._Bliss,_1891-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-J._Bliss,_1891_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J._Bliss,_1891_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. J. Bliss, "Report of Excavations at Tell-El-Hesy during the Spring of 1891: Excavating from its Picturesque Side". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 23, 4 (October 1891), 282-298</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. J. Bliss, "Notes from Tell El Hesy", Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 24:3 (1892), 192-196</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pef.org.uk/about/">https://www.pef.org.uk/about/</a>, About</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/palestine-exploration-fund-moves-show-levantine-heritage-culture-london">http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/palestine-exploration-fund-moves-show-levantine-heritage-culture-london</a>, Palestine Exploration Fund moves to show Levantine heritage, culture off in London</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pef.org.uk/grants/">"Grants"</a>. <i>Palestine Exploration Fund</i>. PEF<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=Grants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pef.org.uk%2Fgrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About_us-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About_us_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_us_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pef.org.uk/">"About us"</a>. <i>The Palestine Exploration Fund</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=About+us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pef.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pef.org.uk/archaeological/">"Archaeological Collection"</a>. <i>Palestine Exploration Fund</i>. PEF<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=Archaeological+Collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pef.org.uk%2Farchaeological%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pef.org.uk/casts/">"Casts"</a>. <i>Palestine Exploration Fund</i>. PEF<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=Casts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pef.org.uk%2Fcasts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pef.org.uk/maps/">"Documents and Maps"</a>. <i>Palestine Exploration Fund</i>. PEF<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=Documents+and+Maps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pef.org.uk%2Fmaps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pef.org.uk/collections/">"Collections"</a>. <i>Palestine Exploration Fund</i>. PEF<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=Collections&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pef.org.uk%2Fcollections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShehadeh2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raja_Shehadeh" title="Raja Shehadeh">Shehadeh, Raja</a> (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestinianwalks00sheh"><i>Palestinian Walks: Forays into a Vanishing Landscape</i></a></span>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1416570097" title="Special:BookSources/978-1416570097"><bdi>978-1416570097</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Walks%3A+Forays+into+a+Vanishing+Landscape&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1416570097&rft.aulast=Shehadeh&rft.aufirst=Raja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestinianwalks00sheh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalestine+Exploration+Fund" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gibson, S. (1999) "British Archaeological Institutions in Mandatory Palestine, 1917-1948", <i>Palestine Exploration Quarterly</i>, 131, pp. 115–143.</li> <li>Moscrop, J. J. (1999) <i>Measuring Jerusalem: The Palestine Exploration Fund and British Interests in the Holy Land</i>, Leicester University Press: London. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780718502201" title="Special:BookSources/9780718502201">9780718502201</a>.</li> <li>Levin, N. (2006) "The Palestine exploration fund map (1871–1877) of the holy land as a tool for analysing landscape changes: the coastal dunes of Israel as a case study", <i>The Cartographic Journal</i>, 43(1), pp. 45–67.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Exploration_Fund&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Palestine_Exploration_Fund" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pef.org.uk/">Palestine Exploration Fund</a> - official web site</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pef.org.uk/articles/definition-of-palestine">Definition, from PEF website</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Publications</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pef.org.uk/quarterly/">Palestine Exploration Quarterly</a> at the PEF homepage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=Palestine%20Exploration%20Fund%20Quarterly%20Statement%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts">Quarterly Statement</a>, volumes 1-40 (1870–1908) with omissions, from the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Personalities</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pef.org.uk/the-making-of-a-pasha-charles-moore-watson/"><i>The Making of a Pasha: Charles Moore Watson</i></a>, about the military career in Egypt of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Moore_Watson" title="Charles Moore Watson">C. M. Watson</a>, future head of the PEF. 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