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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Islamic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Islamic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Early Islamic period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Islamic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crusader_and_Ayyubid_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crusader_and_Ayyubid_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Crusader and Ayyubid periods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crusader_and_Ayyubid_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mamluk_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mamluk_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Mamluk period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mamluk_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Ottoman period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stages_of_conflict_and_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stages_of_conflict_and_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Stages of conflict and occupation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stages_of_conflict_and_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinian_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Palestinian control </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Old City </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Districts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural_centers_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_centers_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Cultural centers and museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_centers_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costumes_and_embroidery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costumes_and_embroidery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Costumes and embroidery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costumes_and_embroidery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Governance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Universities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Public library </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Landmarks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water_supply_and_sanitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply_and_sanitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Water supply and sanitation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply_and_sanitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power_grid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_grid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Power grid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_grid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solid_waste_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solid_waste_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Solid waste management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solid_waste_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Health care </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 International relations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International relations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Twin towns and sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Gaza City</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 111 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" > 111 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasa" title="Gasa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gasa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9" title="غزة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غزة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99zza" title="Qəzza – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qəzza" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE" title="গাজা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গাজা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%B7%D3%99" title="Ғәззә – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғәззә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Газа (горад) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Газа (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Газа (горад) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Газа (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Газа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Газа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(grad)" title="Gaza (grad) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gaza (grad)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan_sa_Gaza_(kapital_sa_dapit_sa_Kayutaang_Palestinhon)" title="Dakbayan sa Gaza (kapital sa dapit sa Kayutaang Palestinhon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan sa Gaza (kapital sa dapit sa Kayutaang Palestinhon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinas_Gaza" title="Dinas Gaza – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dinas Gaza" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaesa" title="Gaesa – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Gaesa" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(Stadt)" title="Gaza (Stadt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gaza (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%B1" title="Γάζα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γάζα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza-urbo" title="Gaza-urbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gaza-urbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(hiria)" title="Gaza (hiria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gaza (hiria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="غزه (شهر) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غزه (شهر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A2t_di_Gaze" title="Citât di Gaze – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Citât di Gaze" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathair_Gaza" title="Cathair Gaza – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cathair Gaza" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0sa_(baile)" title="Gàsa (baile) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gàsa (baile)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza,_Palestina" title="Gaza, Palestina – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gaza, Palestina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%90" title="가자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1" title="Գազա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գազա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE" title="ग़ज़ा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग़ज़ा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(grad)" title="Gaza (grad) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gaza (grad)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Gaza" title="Kota Gaza – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota Gaza" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_de_Gaza" title="Cité de Gaza – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cité de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%C3%A6" title="Газæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Газæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%94" title="עזה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BC%E0%B2%BE" title="ಗಾಜ಼ಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಾಜ಼ಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90" title="ღაზა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ღაზა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Газа – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Газа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeze" title="Xeze – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xeze" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Газа – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Газа" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1za" title="Gáza – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gáza" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="गाजा शहर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="गाजा शहर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Газа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Газа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഗാസാ നഗരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗാസാ നഗരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga%C5%BCa" title="Gaża – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Gaża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE" title="गाझा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गाझा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90" title="ღაზა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ღაზა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87_(_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87)" title="غزه ( قطاع غزه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="غزه ( قطاع غزه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="غزه (شهر) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="غزه (شهر)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(stad)" title="Gaza (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gaza (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="गाजा सहर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गाजा सहर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B6" title="ガザ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガザ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="ГӀазза (гӀала) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀазза (гӀала)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_St%C3%A4%C3%A4d" title="Gaza Stääd – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gaza Stääd" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(by)" title="Gaza (by) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gaza (by)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_by" title="Gaza by – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gaza by" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%CA%BBazza" title="Gʻazza – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gʻazza" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0" title="ਗ਼ਜ਼ਾ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗ਼ਜ਼ਾ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%DB%81_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="غزہ شہر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="غزہ شہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%BA%D8%B2%DB%90_%DA%9A%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="د غزې ښار – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د غزې ښار" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(miasto)" title="Gaza (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gaza (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Газа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Газа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Ceety" title="Gaza Ceety – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gaza Ceety" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(qytet)" title="Gaza (qytet) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gaza (qytet)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gaza City" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(mesto)" title="Gaza (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gaza (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(mesto)" title="Gaza (mesto) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gaza (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%DB%95%D8%B2%D8%B2%DB%95" title="غەززە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="غەززە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Газа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Газа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(grad)" title="Gaza (grad) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gaza (grad)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(kaupunki)" title="Gaza (kaupunki) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gaza (kaupunki)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_(stad)" title="Gaza (stad) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gaza (stad)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="காசா நகரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காசா நகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B7%D3%99" title="Газзә – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Газзә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="นครกาซา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นครกาซา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Ғазза – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ғазза" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazze" title="Gazze – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gazze" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Газа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Газа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%DB%81_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="غزہ شہر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="غزہ شہر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz_(lidn)" title="Gaz (lidn) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gaz (lidn)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syudad_han_Gaza" title="Syudad han Gaza – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Syudad han Gaza" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E5%9F%8E" title="加沙城 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加沙城" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%94" title="עזה – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עזה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99" title="加沙 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加沙" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gaza_City&params=31_31_N_34_27_E_region:PS_type:city(590481)">31°31′N 34°27′E / 31.517°N 34.450°E / 31.517; 34.450</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-confirmed-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Levantine metropolis and modern city in Palestine</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality type A in Gaza, Palestine</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Gaza</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">غَزَّة</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Gaza City</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">Municipality type A (City)</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Arabic transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Latin (official)</th><td class="infobox-data">Ghazzah</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Latin (<a href="/wiki/DIN_31635" title="DIN 31635">DIN 31635</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">Ġazzah</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:WMC_Gaza_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/WMC_Gaza_City.jpg/330px-WMC_Gaza_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/WMC_Gaza_City.jpg/500px-WMC_Gaza_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/WMC_Gaza_City.jpg/536px-WMC_Gaza_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Omar_Mukhtar_Street" title="Omar Mukhtar Street">Omar Mukhtar Street</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="height:92px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Omari_Mosque_in_Gaza_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Omari_Mosque_in_Gaza_City.jpg/250px-Omari_Mosque_in_Gaza_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Omari_Mosque_in_Gaza_City.jpg/330px-Omari_Mosque_in_Gaza_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4264" data-file-height="2832" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="height:92px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Tolerance_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tolerance_-_panoramio.jpg/124px-Tolerance_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tolerance_-_panoramio.jpg/186px-Tolerance_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tolerance_-_panoramio.jpg/248px-Tolerance_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Porphyrius" title="Church of Saint Porphyrius">Church of Saint Porphyrius</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div style="height:80px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg/121px-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg/182px-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg/242px-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Basha" title="Qasr al-Basha">Qasr al-Basha</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div style="height:80px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85.jpg/250px-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85.jpg/330px-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Sayed_al-Hashim_Mosque" title="Sayed al-Hashim Mosque">Sayed al-Hashim Mosque</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ucas20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ucas20.jpg/330px-Ucas20.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ucas20.jpg/500px-Ucas20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ucas20.jpg/960px-Ucas20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9000" data-file-height="2901" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Rimal" title="Rimal">Rimal</a> before October 2023<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:190px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_28.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_28.jpg/268px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_28.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_28.jpg/402px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_28.jpg/536px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1710" /></a></div><div>Rimal in October 2023</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_coat.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Gaza"><img alt="Official logo of Gaza" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d4/Gaza_coat.png/77px-Gaza_coat.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d4/Gaza_coat.png/116px-Gaza_coat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d4/Gaza_coat.png 2x" data-file-width="131" data-file-height="169" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms of Gaza</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_Palestine_Gaza_Strip.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gaza is located in Gaza Strip"><img alt="Gaza is located in Gaza Strip" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Location_map_Palestine_Gaza_Strip.png/250px-Location_map_Palestine_Gaza_Strip.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Location_map_Palestine_Gaza_Strip.png/375px-Location_map_Palestine_Gaza_Strip.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Location_map_Palestine_Gaza_Strip.png/500px-Location_map_Palestine_Gaza_Strip.png 2x" data-file-width="2358" data-file-height="2976" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.114%;left:66.401%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Gaza" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Gaza</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Gaza within <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></div>Show map of Gaza Strip</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine_location_map_wide.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gaza is located in State of Palestine"><img alt="Gaza is located in State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/250px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/375px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/500px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.214%;left:28.846%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Gaza" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Gaza</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Gaza (State of Palestine)</div>Show map of State of Palestine</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gaza_City&params=31_31_N_34_27_E_region:PS_type:city(590481)">31°31′N 34°27′E / 31.517°N 34.450°E / 31.517; 34.450</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Palestine" title="Governorates of Palestine">Governorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Governorate" title="Gaza Governorate">Gaza</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">15th century BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">City</a> (from 1994<a href="#cite_note-PASSIA-3">[2]</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Head of Municipality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Al-Sarraj" title="Yahya Al-Sarraj">Yahya Al-Sarraj</a> (installed by <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-GazaMunicipality-4">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">45,000 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> (45 km2 or 17 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2017 Census)<a href="#cite_note-pop2017-5">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">590,481</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">13,000/km2 (34,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mogaza.org/">mogaza.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Gaza,<a href="#cite_note-7">[b]</a> also called Gaza City, is a city in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, Palestine, and the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Governorate" title="Gaza Governorate">Gaza Governorate</a>. Located on the Mediterranean coast, 76.6 kilometres (47.6 mi) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, it is home to <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Gaza" title="Port of Gaza">Palestine's only port</a>. With a population of 590,481 people as of 2017, Gaza was the most populous city in <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> prior to the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a>, when it was subjected to massive displacement. Inhabited since at least the 15th century BC,<a href="#cite_note-DicHistPl-8">[6]</a> Gaza has been dominated by different peoples and empires throughout its history. The <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a> made it a part of their <a href="/wiki/Philistia" title="Philistia">pentapolis</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptians</a> had ruled it for nearly 350 years. Under the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, Gaza experienced relative peace and its <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Gaza" title="Port of Gaza">Mediterranean port</a> flourished. In 635 AD, it became the first city in the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine region</a> to be conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_army" title="Rashidun army">Rashidun army</a> and quickly developed into a centre of <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Islamic law</a>. However, by the time the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a> were established in 1099, Gaza was in ruins. In later centuries, Gaza experienced several hardships—from <a href="/wiki/Mongol_raids_into_Palestine" title="Mongol raids into Palestine">Mongol raids</a> to severe flooding and <a href="/wiki/Locust_swarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Locust swarm">locust swarms</a>, reducing it to a village by the 16th century, when it was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. During the first half of Ottoman rule, the <a href="/wiki/Ridwan_dynasty" title="Ridwan dynasty">Ridwan dynasty</a> controlled Gaza and the city went through an age of great commerce and peace. The municipality of Gaza was established in 1893. Gaza fell to British forces during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, becoming a <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">part</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>. As a result of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, Egypt administered the newly formed Gaza Strip territory and several improvements were undertaken in the city. Gaza was <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupied_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli occupied territories">occupied</a> by <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> in 1967, and in 1993, the city was transferred to the newly created <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>. In the months following the 2006 election, an <a href="/wiki/Fatah-Hamas_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatah-Hamas conflict">armed conflict</a> broke out between the Palestinian political factions of <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, resulting in the latter <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">taking power in Gaza</a>. The Gaza Strip was then subject to an Israeli-led, Egyptian-supported <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">blockade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IBRAHIM_BARZAK_07/_5/11_08:34_AM_ET-9">[7]</a> Israel eased the blockade allowing consumer goods in June 2010, and Egypt reopened the <a href="/wiki/Rafah_Border_Crossing" title="Rafah Border Crossing">Rafah Border Crossing</a> in 2011 to pedestrians.<a href="#cite_note-IBRAHIM_BARZAK_07/_5/11_08:34_AM_ET-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-IBRAHIM_BARZAK_06/21/11_08:13_AM_ET-10">[8]</a> The city was largely destroyed by Israeli airstrikes since the start of the Gaza war in October 2023. The primary economic activities of Gaza are small-scale industries and agriculture. However, the blockade and recurring conflicts have put the economy under severe pressure.<a href="#cite_note-Oxfam-11">[9]</a> The majority of Gaza's Palestinian inhabitants are <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, although there is also a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christian minority</a>. Gaza has a very young population, with roughly 75% under the age of 25. As of March 2025, almost all residents have fled or been evacuated to the Southern Gaza Strip, or killed as a result of Israel's actions in the north. Therefore, previous recorded or estimated population numbers have become outdated.<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The name Gaza first appears in military records of <a href="/wiki/Thothmes_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Thothmes III">Thothmes III</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Kingdom (Egypt)">Egypt</a> in the 15th century BC,<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> and was mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Amarna_correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="Amarna correspondence">Amarna correspondence</a> as Āl Ĥazzati and other variant spellings.<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Assyrian">Neo-Assyrian</a> sources, reflecting the late <a href="/wiki/Philistine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philistine">Philistine</a> period, it was known as Hāzat.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> It is clear the name originates from none of these languages, however. Based on the city's <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">modern Hebrew</a> name, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style>עַזָּה‎ ʻAzzā, a common <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a> insists the name stems from the Hebrew root <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />ע-ז-ז‎ ʻayin-zayin-zayin, from which words related to strength and fierceness are derived,<a href="#cite_note-Masalha-16">[14]</a> but this is unlikely. The <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />ע‎ in the root <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />ע-ז-ז‎ corresponds to a Proto-Semitic *ʻ sound (compare Hebrew <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />עַז‎ ʻaz with <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style>عَزَّ‎ ʻazza, both meaning "to be strong, powerful, mighty"), while it is clear from city's name in Arabic (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" />غَزَّة‎, Ḡazza), <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1180947483">.mw-parser-output .polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek","New Athena Unicode","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre","Noto Sans","Noto Serif","Cardo","Gentium Plus","Gentium Book Plus","Garamond","Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Code2000",sans-serif}</style>Γάζα, Gáza), and <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian</a> (gꜣḏꜣtw) that the name of Gaza was likely originally pronounced with an initial /ʁ/ sound in Hebrew, and thus can't have been from the same <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />ע-ז-ז‎ root as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />עַז‎ ʻaz. Historically, Muslims often referred to the city as Ḡazzat Hāŝim in honor of <a href="/wiki/Hashim_ibn_Abd_Manaf" title="Hashim ibn Abd Manaf">Hashim</a>, the great-grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> who, according to <a href="/wiki/Islamic_mythology" title="Islamic mythology">Islamic tradition</a>, is buried in the city.<a href="#cite_note-Shahinp414-17">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Gaza" title="History of Gaza">History of Gaza City</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Gaza Strip">History of the Gaza Strip</a></div> Gaza's history of habitation dates back 5,000 years, making it one of the oldest cities in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Dumper-18">[16]</a> Located on the <a href="/wiki/Via_Maris" title="Via Maris">Mediterranean coastal route</a> between North Africa and the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, for most of its history it served as a key <a href="/wiki/Entrep%C3%B4t" title="Entrepôt">entrepôt</a> of southern Palestine and an important stopover on the <a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">spice trade</a> route traversing the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dumper-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-19">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3></div> Settlement in the region of Gaza dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian">ancient Egyptian</a> fortress built in <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> territory at <a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sakan" title="Tell es-Sakan">Tell es-Sakan</a>, to the south of present-day Gaza. The site went into decline throughout the <a href="/wiki/Early_Bronze_Age_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Bronze Age II">Early Bronze Age II</a> as its trade with Egypt sharply decreased.<a href="#cite_note-Filfil-20">[18]</a> Another urban center known as <a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Ajjul" title="Tell el-Ajjul">Tell el-Ajjul</a> began to grow along the Wadi Ghazza riverbed. During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Bronze Age">Middle Bronze Age</a>, a revived Tell es-Sakan became the southernmost locality in Palestine, serving as a fort. In 1650 BC, when the Canaanite <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a> occupied Egypt, a second city developed on the ruins of the first Tell as-Sakan. However, it was abandoned by the 14th century BC, at the end of the Bronze Age.<a href="#cite_note-Filfil-20">[18]</a> During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Tuthmosis_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuthmosis III">Tuthmosis III</a> (r. 1479–1425 BC), the city became a stop on the Syrian-Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Caravan_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Caravan route">caravan route</a> and was mentioned in the 14th-century <a href="/wiki/Amarna_letters" title="Amarna letters">Amarna letters</a> as "Azzati".<a href="#cite_note-STF-J-21">[19]</a> Gaza later served as Egypt's administrative capital in <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> Gaza remained under Egyptian control for 350 years until it was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Philistine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philistine">Philistines</a> in the 12th century BC.<a href="#cite_note-STF-J-21">[19]</a> In the 12th century BC Gaza became part of the <a href="/wiki/Philistia" title="Philistia">Philistine "pentapolis"</a>.<a href="#cite_note-STF-J-21">[19]</a> Gaza achieved relative independence and prosperity under the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persian Empire</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hellenistic_period">Hellenistic period</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaza_(332_BCE)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Gaza (332 BCE)">besieged Gaza</a>, the last city to resist his conquest on his path to Egypt, for five months before capturing it 332 BC;<a href="#cite_note-STF-J-21">[19]</a> the inhabitants were either killed or taken captive. Alexander brought in local Bedouins to populate Gaza and organized the city into a <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">polis</a> (or "<a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a>"). In <a href="/wiki/Seleucid" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid">Seleucid</a> times, <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus I Nicator</a> or one of his successors renamed Gaza into Seleucia to control the surrounding area against the Ptolemies.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Greek_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek culture">Greek culture</a> consequently took root and Gaza earned a reputation as a flourishing center of <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> learning and philosophy.<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin-23">[21]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Third_War_of_the_Diadochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Third War of the Diadochi">Third War of the Diadochi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius I of Macedon">Demetrius I of Macedon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(312_BC)" title="Battle of Gaza (312 BC)">a battle</a> near Gaza in 312 BC. In 277 BC, following <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy II">Ptolemy II</a>'s successful campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Nabataeans" title="Nabataeans">Nabataeans</a> the Ptolemaic fortress of Gaza took control of the spice trade with <a href="/wiki/Gerrha" title="Gerrha">Gerrha</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">Southern Arabia</a>. Gaza experienced another siege in 96 BC by the <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean">Hasmonean</a> king <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a> who "utterly overthrew" the city, killing 500 senators who had fled into the temple of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pataip149-24">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_period">Roman period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4551_-_Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Zeus_-_sec._II_d.C._-_da_Gaza_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/4551_-_Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Zeus_-_sec._II_d.C._-_da_Gaza_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg/220px-4551_-_Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Zeus_-_sec._II_d.C._-_da_Gaza_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/4551_-_Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Zeus_-_sec._II_d.C._-_da_Gaza_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg/330px-4551_-_Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Zeus_-_sec._II_d.C._-_da_Gaza_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/4551_-_Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Zeus_-_sec._II_d.C._-_da_Gaza_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg/440px-4551_-_Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Zeus_-_sec._II_d.C._-_da_Gaza_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> that was unearthed in Gaza in the 20th century</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> notes that Gaza was resettled under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Antipater_the_Idumaean" title="Antipater the Idumaean">Antipater</a>, who cultivated friendly relations with Gazans, <a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ascalonites</a> and neighboring cities after being appointed governor of <a href="/wiki/Idumea" class="mw-redirect" title="Idumea">Idumaea</a> by Jannaeus.<a href="#cite_note-Shatzmanp79-25">[23]</a> Rebuilt after it was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> in 63 BC under the command of <a href="/wiki/Pompey_Magnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pompey Magnus">Pompey Magnus</a>, Gaza then became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Judea" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Judea">Roman province of Judaea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-STF-J-21">[19]</a> It was targeted by Jewish forces during their rebellion against Roman rule in 66 and was partially destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-Pataip142-26">[24]</a> It nevertheless remained an important city, even more so after the destruction of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="First Jewish–Roman War">First Jewish–Roman War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dowling1-27">[25]</a> Following this, and again at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a> (132–136 CE), captives were sold into slavery in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> Throughout the Roman period, Gaza was a prosperous city and received grants and attention from several emperors.<a href="#cite_note-STF-J-21">[19]</a> A 500-member senate governed Gaza, and a diverse variety of <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Greeks</a>, Romans, <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egyptians" title="Egyptians">Egyptians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> populated the city. Gaza's <a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">mint</a> issued <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coins</a> adorned with the busts of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Pantheon">gods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">emperors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Doughty-29">[27]</a> During his visit in 130 AD,<a href="#cite_note-mah-30">[28]</a> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> personally inaugurated <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orator" title="Orator">oratorical</a> competitions in Gaza's new <a href="/wiki/Roman_theatre_(structure)" title="Roman theatre (structure)">stadium</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Gaza_City#Probably_stadium,_unlikely_for_a_Roman_theatre,_except_for_oratory." title="Talk:Gaza City">discuss</a>] The city was adorned with many pagan temples; the main cult being that of <a href="/wiki/Dagon#Marnas" title="Dagon">Marnas</a>. Other temples were dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> and the local <a href="/wiki/Tyche" title="Tyche">Tyche</a>.<a href="#cite_note-STF-J-21">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> began to spread throughout Gaza in 250 AD, including in the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Gaza" title="Port of Gaza">port of Maiuma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> First evidence of a Bishop of Gaza is from early 4th century, when <a href="/wiki/Silvanus_of_Gaza_(hieromartyr)" title="Silvanus of Gaza (hieromartyr)">St. Sylvan</a> served in that capacity.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_period">Byzantine period</h3></div> Following the division of the Roman Empire in the 3rd century AD, Gaza remained under control of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> that in turn became the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. The city prospered and was an important center for the southern Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-Kaegi-36">[34]</a> A Christian <a href="/wiki/Bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric">bishopric</a> was established at <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Gaza" title="Diocese of Gaza">Gaza</a>. Conversion to Christianity in Gaza was accelerated under <a href="/wiki/Porphyry_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Porphyry of Gaza">Saint Porphyrius</a> between 396 and 420. In 402, <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a> ordered all eight of the city's pagan temples destroyed,<a href="#cite_note-STF-J-21">[19]</a> and four years later Empress <a href="/wiki/Aelia_Eudocia" title="Aelia Eudocia">Aelia Eudocia</a> commissioned the construction of a church atop the ruins of the Temple of Marnas.<a href="#cite_note-Pringle-37">[35]</a> It was during this era that the Christian philosopher <a href="/wiki/Aeneas_of_Gaza" title="Aeneas of Gaza">Aeneas of Gaza</a> called Gaza, his hometown, "the <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> of Asia."<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> A large <a href="/wiki/Gaza_synagogue" title="Gaza synagogue">synagogue</a> existed in Gaza in the 6th century, according to excavations.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Islamic_period">Early Islamic period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Umm_ar-Rasas_mosaic_Gaza.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Umm_ar-Rasas_mosaic_Gaza.png/250px-Umm_ar-Rasas_mosaic_Gaza.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Umm_ar-Rasas_mosaic_Gaza.png/330px-Umm_ar-Rasas_mosaic_Gaza.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Umm_ar-Rasas_mosaic_Gaza.png/500px-Umm_ar-Rasas_mosaic_Gaza.png 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="1092" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of a Gaza building in the Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Umm_ar-Rasas_mosaics" title="Umm ar-Rasas mosaics">Umm ar-Rasas mosaics</a>, circa 8th century AD during the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></figcaption></figure> In <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 638 Gaza was captured by <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Arab Muslim</a> forces under <a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_al-As" title="Amr ibn al-As">Amr ibn al-As</a>, in the years following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ajnadayn" title="Battle of Ajnadayn">Battle of Ajnadayn</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a> in central Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> It was captured by Amr's forces about three years later. Believed to be the site where <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>'s great-grandfather <a href="/wiki/Hashim_ibn_Abd_Manaf" title="Hashim ibn Abd Manaf">Hashim ibn Abd Manaf</a> was buried, Gaza was not destroyed and its inhabitants were not attacked by Amr's army despite the city's stiff and lengthy resistance, though its Byzantine garrison was massacred.<a href="#cite_note-Filiu18-19-41">[39]</a> The arrival of the Muslim Arabs brought significant changes to Gaza; at first some of its <a href="/wiki/Church_Building" title="Church Building">churches</a> were transformed into <a href="/wiki/Mosques" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosques">mosques</a>, including the present <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza</a> (the oldest in the city), which was later rebuilt by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a>, who endowed it with a huge manuscript library containing over 20,000 <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscripts</a> in the 13th century.<a href="#cite_note-Filiu18-19-41">[39]</a> A large segment of the population swiftly adopted Islam,<a href="#cite_note-Filiu23-42">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin2-43">[41]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> became the official language.<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin2-43">[41]</a> In 767 <a href="/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i" title="Al-Shafi'i">Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi'i</a> was born in Gaza and lived his early childhood there; he founded the <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a> religious code, one of the four major <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslim">Sunni Muslim</a> schools of law (<a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Gil-44">[42]</a> Security, which was well-maintained during early Muslim rule, was the key to Gaza's prosperity. Although <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> was banned in Islam, the Jewish and Christian communities were allowed to maintain <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">production</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a>, a major cash crop of the city, were exported mainly to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sharon17-18-45">[43]</a> Because it bordered the <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a>, Gaza was vulnerable to warring <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomadic</a> groups.<a href="#cite_note-Sharon17-18-45">[43]</a> In 796 it was destroyed during a <a href="/wiki/Civil_War_in_Palestine_(793-796)" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil War in Palestine (793-796)">civil war</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> tribes of the area.<a href="#cite_note-Dowling2-46">[44]</a> However, by the 10th century, the city had been rebuilt by the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasids</a>; during <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> rule, the geographer <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">al-Muqaddasi</a> described Gaza as "a large town lying on the highroad to Egypt on the border of the desert."<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> In 978, the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimids</a> established an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Alptakin" title="Alptakin">Alptakin</a>, the Turk ruler of Damascus, whereby the Fatimids would control Gaza and the land south of it, including Egypt, while Alptakin controlled the region north of the city.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusader_and_Ayyubid_periods">Crusader and Ayyubid periods</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">Crusaders</a> conquered Gaza in 1100 and King <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_III_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin III of Jerusalem">Baldwin III</a> built a castle in the city for the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> in 1149.<a href="#cite_note-Pringle-37">[35]</a> He also had the Great Mosque converted back into a church, the Cathedral of Saint John.<a href="#cite_note-mah-30">[28]</a> In 1154, Arab traveller <a href="/wiki/Al-Idrisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Idrisi">al-Idrisi</a> wrote that Gaza "is today very populous and in the hands of the Crusaders."<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> In 1187 the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubids</a>, led by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>, captured Gaza and in 1191 destroyed the city's fortifications. <a href="/wiki/Richard_the_Lionheart" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard the Lionheart">Richard the Lionheart</a> apparently refortified the city in 1192, but the walls were dismantled again as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ramla" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Ramla">Treaty of Ramla</a> in 1193.<a href="#cite_note-Pringle-37">[35]</a> Ayyubid rule ended in 1260, after the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongols</a> under <a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu Khan">Hulagu Khan</a> completely destroyed Gaza, which became his southernmost conquest.<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin2-43">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mamluk_period">Mamluk period</h3></div> Following Gaza's destruction by the Mongols, Muslim slave-soldiers based in Egypt known as the <a href="/wiki/Bahri_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahri dynasty">Mamluks</a> began to administer the area. In 1277, the Mamluks made Gaza the capital of a province that bore its name, Mamlakat Ghazzah (Governorship of Gaza). This district extended along the coastal plain of Palestine from <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a> in the south to just north of <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a>, and to the east as far as the <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samarian</a> highlands and the <a href="/wiki/Hebron_Hills" title="Hebron Hills">Hebron Hills</a>. Other major towns in the province included <a href="/wiki/Qaqun" title="Qaqun">Qaqun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Ludd</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin2-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sharon-50">[48]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] Gaza, which entered a period of tranquility under the Mamluks, was used by them as an outpost in their offensives against the Crusaders which ended in 1290.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> In 1294 an earthquake devastated Gaza, and five years later the Mongols again destroyed all that had been restored by the Mamluks.<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin2-43">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syrian</a> geographer <a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Ansari_al-Dimashqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shams al-Din al-Ansari al-Dimashqi">al-Dimashqi</a> described Gaza in 1300 as a "city so rich in trees it looks like a cloth of brocade spread out upon the land."<a href="#cite_note-Doughty-29">[27]</a> Under the governorship of Emir <a href="/wiki/Sanjar_al-Jawli" title="Sanjar al-Jawli">Sanjar al-Jawli</a>, Gaza was transformed into a flourishing city and much of the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_architecture" title="Mamluk architecture">Mamluk-era architecture</a> dates back to his reign between 1311 and 1320 and again in 1342.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> In 1348 the <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">bubonic plague</a> spread to the city, killing the majority of its inhabitants and in 1352, Gaza suffered from a destructive flood, which was rare in that arid part of Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin3-54">[52]</a> However, when Arab writer <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> visited the city in 1355, he noted that it was "large and populous, and has many mosques."<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> The Mamluks contributed to Gazan architecture by building mosques, <a href="/wiki/Madrassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrassa">Islamic colleges</a>, hospitals, <a href="/wiki/Caravansaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Caravansaries">caravansaries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bath_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Bath house">public baths</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Filfil-20">[18]</a> The Mamluks allowed Jews to return to the city, after being expelled by the Crusaders, and the Jewish community prospered during Mamluk rule. Towards the end of the Mamluk period, the Jewish community in Gaza was the third largest in Palestine, after the communities in Safad and Jerusalem.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1481, an Italian Jewish traveller, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meshulam_of_Volterra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meshulam of Volterra (page does not exist)">Meshulam of Volterra</a>, wrote of Gaza:<blockquote>It is a fine and renowned place, and its fruits are very renowned and good. Bread and good wine is to be found there, but only Jews make wine. Gaza has a circumference of four miles and no walls. It is about six miles from the sea and situated in a valley and on a hill. It has a population as numerous as the sands of the sea, and there are about fifty (sixty) Jewish householders, artisans. They have a small but pretty Synagogue, and <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyards</a> and fields and houses.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Roberts_-_Gaza_-_1927.138_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/David_Roberts_-_Gaza_-_1927.138_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/220px-David_Roberts_-_Gaza_-_1927.138_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/David_Roberts_-_Gaza_-_1927.138_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/330px-David_Roberts_-_Gaza_-_1927.138_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/David_Roberts_-_Gaza_-_1927.138_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/440px-David_Roberts_-_Gaza_-_1927.138_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2403" /></a><figcaption>Painting of Gaza by <a href="/wiki/David_Roberts_(painter)" title="David Roberts (painter)">David Roberts</a>, 1839, in <a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Land,_Syria,_Idumea,_Arabia,_Egypt,_and_Nubia" title="The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia">The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_map_of_Gaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_map_of_Gaza.jpg/250px-1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_map_of_Gaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_map_of_Gaza.jpg/330px-1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_map_of_Gaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_map_of_Gaza.jpg/500px-1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_map_of_Gaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="3098" /></a><figcaption>Gaza in 1841, as <a href="/wiki/1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_maps_of_Palestine,_Lebanon_and_Syria" title="1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria">mapped by the British Royal Engineers</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Crisis_of_1840" title="Oriental Crisis of 1840">Oriental Crisis of 1840</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_(1881-1884)_(A).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gaza_%281881-1884%29_%28A%29.jpg/250px-Gaza_%281881-1884%29_%28A%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gaza_%281881-1884%29_%28A%29.jpg/330px-Gaza_%281881-1884%29_%28A%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gaza_%281881-1884%29_%28A%29.jpg/500px-Gaza_%281881-1884%29_%28A%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Muslims studying the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> with Gaza in the background, painting by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Fenn" title="Harry Fenn">Harry Fenn</a>, circa 1884</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Frith,_Gaza_(The_Old_Town).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Francis_Frith%2C_Gaza_%28The_Old_Town%29.jpg/220px-Francis_Frith%2C_Gaza_%28The_Old_Town%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Francis_Frith%2C_Gaza_%28The_Old_Town%29.jpg/330px-Francis_Frith%2C_Gaza_%28The_Old_Town%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Francis_Frith%2C_Gaza_%28The_Old_Town%29.jpg/440px-Francis_Frith%2C_Gaza_%28The_Old_Town%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4744" data-file-height="3562" /></a><figcaption>The Old Town, Gaza (1862–1863). Picture by <a href="/wiki/Frances_Frith" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Frith">Frances Frith</a></figcaption></figure> In 1516 Gaza—at the time, a small town with an inactive port, ruined buildings and reduced trade—was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin3-54">[52]</a> The Ottoman army quickly and efficiently crushed a small-scale uprising,<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> and the local population generally welcomed them as fellow Sunni Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin3-54">[52]</a> The city was then made the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Gaza">Gaza Sanjak</a>, part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Province of Damascus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ridwan_dynasty" title="Ridwan dynasty">Ridwan family</a>, named after governor Ridwan Pasha, was the first dynasty to govern Gaza and would continue to rule the city for over a century.<a href="#cite_note-Ze'evi-59">[57]</a> Under <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ridwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Ridwan">Ahmad ibn Ridwan</a>, the city became a cultural and religious center as a result of the partnership between the governor and prominent Islamic jurist <a href="/wiki/Khayr_al-Din_al-Ramli" title="Khayr al-Din al-Ramli">Khayr al-Din al-Ramli</a>, who was based in the nearby town of al-<a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Edward_Dowling" title="Theodore Edward Dowling">Theodore E. Dowling</a>, writing in 1913, a <a href="/wiki/Samaritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan">Samaritan</a> community existed in Gaza in 1584. They possessed a large <a href="/wiki/Synagogue#Samaritan_synagogues" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> and two bathhouses. "One of them still bears the name "<a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Sammara" title="Hamam al-Sammara">the Bath of the Samaritans</a>." It is believed the Samaritans were expelled from the city before the turn of the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> During the rule of <a href="/wiki/Husayn_Pasha" title="Husayn Pasha">Husayn Pasha</a>, strife between the settled population and the nearby <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> tribes was dramatically reduced, allowing Gaza to peacefully prosper. The Ridwan period is described as a <a href="/wiki/Golden_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden age">golden age</a> for Gaza, a time when it served as the virtual "capital of Palestine."<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> The Great Mosque was restored, and six other mosques constructed, while <a href="/wiki/Turkish_bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish bath">Turkish baths</a> and market stalls proliferated.<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin3-54">[52]</a> After the death of <a href="/wiki/Musa_Pasha_ibn_Hasan_Ridwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Musa Pasha ibn Hasan Ridwan">Musa Pasha</a>, Husayn's successor, Ottoman officials were appointed to govern in place of the Ridwans. The Ridwan period was Gaza's last golden age during Ottoman rule. After the family was removed from office, the city gradually declined.<a href="#cite_note-Ze'evi2-64">[62]</a> Starting in the early 19th century, Gaza was culturally dominated by neighboring Egypt; <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali of Egypt</a> conquered Gaza in 1832.<a href="#cite_note-mah-30">[28]</a> American scholar <a href="/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)" title="Edward Robinson (scholar)">Edward Robinson</a> visited the city in 1838, describing it as a "thickly populated" town larger than Jerusalem, with its Old City lying upon a hilltop, while its suburbs laid on the nearby plain.<a href="#cite_note-Robinson1-65">[63]</a> The city benefited from trade and commerce because of its strategic position on the caravan route between Egypt and northern Syria as well as from producing soap and cotton for trade with the government, local Arab tribes, and the Bedouin of <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Arabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadi Arabah">Wadi Arabah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ma%27an" title="Ma'an">Ma'an</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Robinson2-66">[64]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaars</a> of Gaza were well-supplied and were noted by Robinson as "far better" than those of Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> Robinson noted that virtually all of Gaza's vestiges of ancient history and antiquity had disappeared due to constant conflict and occupation.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> By the mid-19th century, Gaza's port was eclipsed by the ports of Jaffa and <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, but it retained its fishing fleet.<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a> The bubonic plague struck Gaza again in 1839 and the city, lacking political and economic stability, went into a state of stagnation. In 1840 Egyptian and Ottoman troops battled outside of Gaza. The Ottomans won control of the territory, effectively ending Egyptian rule over Palestine. However, the battles brought about more death and destruction in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin3-54">[52]</a> During the late Ottoman period, British ships docking in Gaza were loaded with <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, which was primarily intended for marketing in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> for <a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">whisky</a> production. Due to the absence of a British consular agent, precise data on the financial value and quantities of the goods are unavailable.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stages_of_conflict_and_occupation">Stages of conflict and occupation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_after_WWI_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gaza_after_WWI_2.jpg/220px-Gaza_after_WWI_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gaza_after_WWI_2.jpg/330px-Gaza_after_WWI_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gaza_after_WWI_2.jpg/440px-Gaza_after_WWI_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1967" data-file-height="1411" /></a><figcaption>Gaza after surrender to British forces, 1918</figcaption></figure> While leading the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied Forces</a> during World War I, the British won control of the city during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Third Battle of Gaza">Third Battle of Gaza</a> in 1917.<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin3-54">[52]</a> After the war, Gaza was included in Mandatory Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> In the 1930s and 1940s, Gaza underwent major expansion. New neighborhoods were built along the coast and the southern and eastern plains. International organizations and missionary groups funded most of this construction.<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a> In the 1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Partition Plan">United Nations Partition Plan</a>, Gaza was assigned to be part of an Arab state in Palestine but was <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt">occupied by Egypt</a> following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Gaza's growing population was augmented by an influx of refugees from nearby cities, towns and villages that were captured by Israel. In 1957, Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> made a number of reforms in Gaza, which included expanding educational opportunities and the civil services, providing housing, and establishing local security forces.<a href="#cite_note-Feldman-72">[70]</a> Gaza was occupied by Israel during the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> following the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Army" title="Egyptian Army">Egyptian Army</a>. Frequent conflicts have erupted between Palestinians and the Israeli authorities in the city since the 1970s. The tensions led to the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> in 1987. Gaza was a center of confrontation during this uprising,<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin3-54">[52]</a> and economic conditions in the city worsened.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinian_control">Palestinian control</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_evacuations" title="Gaza Strip evacuations">Gaza Strip evacuations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_City.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gaza_City.JPG/220px-Gaza_City.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gaza_City.JPG/330px-Gaza_City.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gaza_City.JPG/440px-Gaza_City.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Gaza City in 2007</figcaption></figure> In September 1993, the leaders of Israel and the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO) signed the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>. The agreement called for Palestinian administration of the Gaza Strip and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a>, which was implemented in May 1994. Israeli forces withdrew from Gaza, leaving a new <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> (PNA) to administer and police the city.<a href="#cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin-23">[21]</a> The PNA, led by <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, chose Gaza as its first provincial headquarters. The newly established <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">Palestinian National Council</a> held its inaugural session in Gaza in March 1996.<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a> In 2005, Israel withdrew its troops from the Gaza Strip and removed the thousands of Israelis who had settled in the territory.<a href="#cite_note-BBCProfile-74">[72]</a> (See <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan_of_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's unilateral disengagement plan of 2004">Israel's unilateral disengagement plan of 2004</a>.) Since the Israeli withdrawal, <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> has been engaged in a sometimes violent power struggle with its rival Palestinian organisation <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>. On January 25, 2006, <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> won a surprise victory in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election" title="2006 Palestinian legislative election">elections</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a>, the legislature of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>. In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_battle_in_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatah–Hamas battle in Gaza">Hamas overthrew Fatah forces</a> in the Gaza Strip and Hamas members were dismissed from the PNA government in the West Bank in response. Hamas, recognized as a terror organization by most western countries, has de facto control of the city and Strip.<a href="#cite_note-BBC07-75">[73]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_26.jpg/220px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_26.jpg/330px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_26.jpg/440px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>El-Remal area in Gaza City on 9 October 2023</figcaption></figure> In March 2008, a coalition of human rights groups charged that the Israeli blockade of the city had caused the humanitarian situation in Gaza to have reached its worst point since Israel occupied the territory in the 1967 Six-Day War,<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> and that Israeli air strikes targeting militants in the densely populated areas have often killed bystanders as well.<a href="#cite_note-BBCProfile-74">[72]</a> In 2008, Israel commenced an <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict">assault against Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> Israel stated the strikes were in response to repetitive rocket and mortar attacks from the Gaza Strip into Israel since 2005, while the Palestinians stated that they were responding to Israel's military incursions and <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">blockade of the Gaza Strip</a>. In January 2009, at least 1,300 Palestinians were killed in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-idf_updated_death_toll-78">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> In November 2012, after <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pillar_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Pillar of Defense">a week of conflict</a> between Israel and Palestinian militant groups, a ceasefire brokered by Egypt was announced on November 21.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Israel–Gaza conflict">2014 Israel–Gaza conflict</a>, 2,205 Palestinians (including at least 1,483 civilians) and 71 Israelis (including 66 soldiers) and one foreign national in Israel were killed, according to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">UN OCHA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 Israel–Palestine crisis</a>, the 13-story Hanadi Tower, which contained a political office of Hamas, was destroyed by an Israeli airstrike.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> In 2023, the city was again targeted during the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a>. On 2 November, the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaza_City" title="Siege of Gaza City">siege of Gaza City</a> started.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> As of January 2024, Israel’s offensive has either damaged or destroyed 70–80% of all buildings in northern Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> Gaza was left largely deserted, with about only 300,000 people staying in the city.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> The remaining population was subjected to a <a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">humanitarian crisis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">starvation</a> brought on by the war.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> Seventy percent of the city was destroyed by airstrikes,<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> and more than 39,000 people were killed in the Strip.<a href="#cite_note-AJ-89">[87]</a> Israel has been accused of committing a <a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">genocide</a> of Palestinians in Gaza during the war, with South Africa <a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">initiating proceedings</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> against Israel.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_Beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gaza_Beach.jpg/240px-Gaza_Beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gaza_Beach.jpg/360px-Gaza_Beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gaza_Beach.jpg/480px-Gaza_Beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="1788" /></a><figcaption>Beach in Gaza City</figcaption></figure> Central Gaza is situated on a low-lying and round hill with an elevation of 14 metres (46 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> Much of the modern city is built along the plain below the hill, especially to the north and east, forming Gaza's suburbs. The beach and the port of Gaza are located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of the city's nucleus and the space in between is entirely built up on low-lying hills.<a href="#cite_note-Robinson1-65">[63]</a> The municipal jurisdiction of the city today constitutes about 45 square kilometres (17 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-GazaMunicipality-4">[3]</a> Gaza is 78 kilometres (48 mi) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, 71 kilometres (44 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> and 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> Surrounding localities include <a href="/wiki/Beit_Lahia" title="Beit Lahia">Beit Lahia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanoun" title="Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a> to the north, and the village of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Middein" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Middein">Abu Middein</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee camp">refugee camp</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bureij" title="Bureij">Bureij</a>, and the city of <a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah" title="Deir al-Balah">Deir al-Balah</a> to the south.<a href="#cite_note-PR-94">[92]</a> The population of Gaza depends on groundwater as the only source for drinking, agricultural use, and domestic supply. The nearest <a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">stream</a> is Wadi Ghazza to the south, sourced from Abu Middein along the coastline. It bears a small amount of water during the winter and virtually no water during the summer.<a href="#cite_note-Chilton-95">[93]</a> Most of <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Water supply and sanitation in the State of Palestine">its water supply</a> is diverted into Israel.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> The Gaza Aquifer along the coast is the main <a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifer</a> in the Gaza Strip and it consists mostly of <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> sandstones. Like most of the Gaza Strip, Gaza is covered by quaternary soil; clay minerals in the soil absorb many organic and inorganic chemicals which has partially alleviated the extent of groundwater contamination.<a href="#cite_note-Chilton-95">[93]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg/220px-Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg/330px-Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg/440px-Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4732" data-file-height="5712" /></a><figcaption>Gaza Strip with Israeli-controlled borders and limited fishing zone, as of December 2012</figcaption></figure> A prominent hill southeast of Gaza, known as Tell al-Muntar, has an elevation of 270 feet (82 m) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>. For centuries it has been claimed as the place to which <a href="/wiki/Samson" title="Samson">Samson</a> brought the city gates of the Philistines. The hill is crowned by a Muslim <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maqam_(shrine)" title="Maqam (shrine)">maqam</a>) dedicated to Ali al-Muntar. There are old Muslim graves around the surrounding trees,<a href="#cite_note-Briggs1-97">[95]</a> and the lintel of the doorway of the maqam has two medieval Arabic scriptures.<a href="#cite_note-STF-J-21">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_City">Old City</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Gaza" title="Old City of Gaza">Old City of Gaza</a></div> The Old City forms the main part of Gaza's nucleus. It is roughly divided into two quarters; the northern <a href="/wiki/Al-Daraj" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Daraj">Daraj Quarter</a> (also known as the Muslim Quarter) and the southern <a href="/wiki/Al-Zaytun" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zaytun">Zaytun Quarter</a> (which contained the Jewish and Christian quarters.) Most structures date from the Mamluk and Ottoman eras, and some were built on top of earlier structures. The ancient part of the Old City is about 1.6 square kilometres (0.62 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a> There were seven historic gates to the Old City: Bab Asqalan (Gate of Ascalon), Bab al-Darum (Gate of Deir al-Balah), Bab al-Bahr (Gate of the Sea), Bab Marnas (Gate of Marnas), Bab al-Baladiyah (Gate of the Town), Bab al-Khalil (Gate of Hebron), and Bab al-Muntar (Gate of Tell al-Muntar).<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> Some of the older buildings in Gaza's Old City use the <a href="/wiki/Ablaq" title="Ablaq">ablaq</a> style of decoration which features alternating layers of red and white masonry, prevalent in the Mamluk era. Daraj contains the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Market" title="Gold Market">Gold (Qissariya) Market</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza</a> (oldest mosque in Gaza)<a href="#cite_note-Sheehan-99">[97]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sayed_al-Hashim_Mosque" title="Sayed al-Hashim Mosque">Sayed al-Hashim Mosque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sharon31-100">[98]</a> In Zaytun lies the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Porphryrius_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Porphryrius Church">Saint Porphryrius Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Katib_al-Wilaya_Mosque" title="Katib al-Wilaya Mosque">Katib al-Wilaya Mosque</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hamam_as-Sammara" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamam as-Sammara">Hamam as-Sammara</a> ("the Samaritan's Bathhouse.")<a href="#cite_note-TWP-101">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg/240px-%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg/360px-%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg/480px-%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Eastern Gaza City</figcaption></figure> Gaza is composed of thirteen districts (hayy) outside of the Old City.<a href="#cite_note-OCHA-102">[100]</a> The first extension of Gaza beyond its city center was the district of <a href="/wiki/Shuja%27iyya" title="Shuja'iyya">Shuja'iyya</a>, built on a hill just east and southeast of the Old City during the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid">Ayyubid</a> period.<a href="#cite_note-Sharon30-103">[101]</a> In the northeast is the Mamluk-era district of <a href="/wiki/Tuffah" title="Tuffah">Tuffah</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Butt-104">[102]</a> which is roughly divided into eastern and western halves and was originally located within the Old City's walls.<a href="#cite_note-Sheehan-99">[97]</a> During the 1930s and 1940s, a new residential district, <a href="/wiki/Rimal" title="Rimal">Rimal</a> (currently divided into the districts of Northern Rimal and Southern Rimal),<a href="#cite_note-OCHA-102">[100]</a> was constructed on the sand dunes west of the city center, and the district of <a href="/wiki/Zeitoun,_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeitoun, Gaza">Zeitoun</a> was built along Gaza's southern and southwestern borders, while the Judeide ("the New") and Turukman neighborhoods of Shuja'iyya expanded into separate districts in the northeast and southeast, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-MET-105">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Judeide" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeide">Judeide</a> (also known Shuja'iyyat al-Akrad) was named after the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish people">Kurdish</a> military units who settled there during the Mamluk era, while <a href="/wiki/Turukman" title="Turukman">Turukman</a> was named after the <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Turkmen</a> military units who settled there.<a href="#cite_note-Sharon30-103">[101]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gaza_port.jpg/220px-Gaza_port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gaza_port.jpg/330px-Gaza_port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gaza_port.jpg/440px-Gaza_port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1269" /></a><figcaption>View of Gaza from the port</figcaption></figure> The areas between Rimal and the Old City became the districts of <a href="/wiki/Sabra,_Gaza" title="Sabra, Gaza">Sabra</a> and Daraj.<a href="#cite_note-Butt-104">[102]</a> In the northwest is the district of <a href="/wiki/Nasser,_Gaza" title="Nasser, Gaza">Nasser</a>, built in the early 1950s and named in honor of Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser.<a href="#cite_note-Husseini-106">[104]</a> The district of <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Radwan" title="Sheikh Radwan">Sheikh Radwan</a>, developed in the 1970s, is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the north of the Old City and is named after Sheikh Radwan—the tomb of whom is located within the district.<a href="#cite_note-Butt-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> Gaza has absorbed the village of al-Qubbah near <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">the border with Israel</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee camp">Palestinian refugee camp</a> of <a href="/wiki/Al-Shati" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shati">al-Shati</a> along the coast,<a href="#cite_note-PR-94">[92]</a> although the latter is not under the city's municipal jurisdiction. In the late 1990s, the PNA built the more affluent neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Hawa" title="Tel al-Hawa">Tel al-Hawa</a> along the southern edge of Rimal.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> Along the southern coast of the city is the neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ijlin" title="Sheikh Ijlin">Sheikh Ijlin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OCHA-102">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> Gaza has a <a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">hot semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: BSh), with Mediterranean characteristics, featuring mild rainy winters and dry hot summers.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> Spring arrives around March or April and the hottest month is August, with the average high being 31.7 °C (89.1 °F). The coolest month is January with temperatures usually peaking at 18.3 °C (64.9 °F). Rain is scarce and falls almost exclusively between November and March, with annual rainfall totalling approximately 395 millimetres or 15.6 inches.<a href="#cite_note-MSN-110">[108]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Gaza </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2 (81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4 (84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6 (87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6 (87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9 (84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.6 (78.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5 (58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5 (76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0 (78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0 (80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6 (78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.7 (69.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 (52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 (56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2 (72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5 (68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7 (63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5 (58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 (52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.7 (60.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #64FF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104 (4.1) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76 (3.0) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 (1.2) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13 (0.5) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 (0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 (0.1) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18 (0.7) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 (2.5) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81 (3.2) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">394 (15.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">83 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.6 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.1 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">241.8 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">264.0 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">331.7 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA27; color:#000000;" class="notheme">339.0 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">353.4 </td> <td style="background: #F7F720; color:#000000;" class="notheme">337.9 </td> <td style="background: #F2F214; color:#000000;" class="notheme">306.0 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">275.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.6 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,288 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #F8F823; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Arab Meteorology Book<a href="#cite_note-climate-111">[109]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:15px;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1596</td> <td style="text-align:center;">6,000<a href="#cite_note-Hut-112">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1838</td> <td style="text-align:center;">15,000–16,000<a href="#cite_note-Robinson2-66">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1882</td> <td style="text-align:center;">16,000<a href="#cite_note-Meyer-113">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1897</td> <td style="text-align:center;">36,000<a href="#cite_note-Meyer-113">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1906</td> <td style="text-align:center;">40,000<a href="#cite_note-Meyer-113">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1914</td> <td style="text-align:center;">42,000<a href="#cite_note-IIPA-114">[112]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">1922</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">17,480<a href="#cite_note-Report_and_General_Abstracts_of_the_census_of_1922-115">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1931_census_of_Palestine" title="1931 census of Palestine">1931</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">17,046<a href="#cite_note-Census_of_Palestine_1931-116">[114]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Village_Statistics,_1945" title="Village Statistics, 1945">1945</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">34,250<a href="#cite_note-Hadawi-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-1945p31-118">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1982</td> <td style="text-align:center;">100,272<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1997</td> <td style="text-align:center;">306,113<a href="#cite_note-PCBSCensus-120">[118]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>2007</td> <td style="text-align:center;">449,221<a href="#cite_note-pop2017-5">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>2012</td> <td style="text-align:center;">590,481<a href="#cite_note-pop2017-5">[4]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> According to Ottoman tax records in 1557, Gaza had 2,477 male taxpayers.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen-121">[119]</a> The statistics from 1596 show that Gaza's Muslim population consisted of 456 households, 115 bachelors, 59 religious persons, and 19 disabled persons. In addition to the Muslim figure, there were 141 jundiyan or "soldiers" in the Ottoman army. Of the Christians, there were 294 households and seven bachelors, while there were 73 Jewish households and eight <a href="/wiki/Samaritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan">Samaritan</a> households. In total, an estimated 6,000 people lived in Gaza, making it the third largest city in Ottoman Palestine after Jerusalem and <a href="/wiki/Safad" class="mw-redirect" title="Safad">Safad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hut-112">[110]</a> In 1838, there were roughly 4,000 Muslim and 100 Christian tax payers, implying a population of about 15,000 or 16,000—making it larger than Jerusalem at the time. The total number of Christian families was 57.<a href="#cite_note-Robinson2-66">[64]</a> Before the outbreak of World War I, the population of Gaza had reached 42,000; however, the fierce battles between Allied Forces and the Ottomans and their German allies in 1917 in Gaza resulted in a massive population decrease.<a href="#cite_note-IIPA-114">[112]</a> The following <a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">census</a>, which was conducted in 1922 by the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate authorities</a> shows a sharp decrease in population which stood at 17,480 residents (16,722 Muslims, 701 Christians, 54 Jews and three <a href="/wiki/Shia_villages_in_Palestine" title="Shia villages in Palestine">Metawilehs</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Report_and_General_Abstracts_of_the_census_of_1922-115">[113]</a> The 1931 census lists 17,046 inhabitants (16,356 Muslims, 689 Christians, and one Jew) and another 4,597 in the suburbs (4,561 Muslims and 36 Christians).<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> The village statistics of 1938 list Gaza's population as 20,500 with 5,282 in nearby suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Village_Statistics,_1945" title="Village Statistics, 1945">village statistics of 1945</a> list the population as 34,250 (33,160 Muslims, 1,010 Christians, and 80 Jews).<a href="#cite_note-Hadawi-117">[115]</a> According to a 1997 census by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS), Gaza and the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shati camp">al-Shati camp</a> had a population of 353,115, of which 50.9% were males and 49.1% females. Gaza had an overwhelmingly young population with more than half being 19 and under (60.8%). About 28.8% were between the ages of 20 and 44, 7.7% between 45 and 64, and 3.9% were over the age of 64.<a href="#cite_note-PCBSCensus-120">[118]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natives_of_Gaza._Palestine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Natives_of_Gaza._Palestine.jpg/220px-Natives_of_Gaza._Palestine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Natives_of_Gaza._Palestine.jpg/330px-Natives_of_Gaza._Palestine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Natives_of_Gaza._Palestine.jpg/440px-Natives_of_Gaza._Palestine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption>Men from Gaza, 19th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_Strip_(997008872764505171.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gaza_Strip_%28997008872764505171.jpg/220px-Gaza_Strip_%28997008872764505171.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gaza_Strip_%28997008872764505171.jpg/330px-Gaza_Strip_%28997008872764505171.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gaza_Strip_%28997008872764505171.jpg/440px-Gaza_Strip_%28997008872764505171.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1381" /></a><figcaption>People in Gaza City in 1956</figcaption></figure> A massive influx of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">Palestinian refugees</a> swelled Gaza's population after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. By 1967, the population had grown to about six times its 1948 size.<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a> In 1997, 51.8% of Gaza's inhabitants were refugees or their descendants.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> The city's population has continued to increase since that time to 590,481 in 2017, making it the largest city in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pop2017-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> Gaza City has one of the highest overall growth rates in the world. Its population density is 9,982.69/km2 (26,424.76/sq mi) comparable to New York City (10,725.4/km2 – 27,778.7/sq mi), half of Paris density (21,000/km2 – 55,000/sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> In 2007 poverty, unemployment and poor living conditions were widespread and many residents received <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Relief and Works Agency">United Nations</a> food aid.<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> The population of Gaza is overwhelmingly composed of Muslims, who mostly follow <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a> During the Fatimid period, <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a> was dominant in Gaza, but after Saladin conquered the city in 1187, he promoted a strictly Sunni religious and educational policy, which at the time was instrumental in uniting his Arab and Turkish soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-Filfil-20">[18]</a> Gaza is home to a small <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christian</a> minority of about 3,500 people.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> The majority live in the Zaytun Quarter of the Old City and belong to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Church">Baptist</a> denominations.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> In 1906, there were about 750 Christians, of which 700 were Orthodox and 50 were Roman Catholic.<a href="#cite_note-Meyer-113">[111]</a> Gaza's Jewish community was roughly 3,000 years old,<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a> and in 1481 there were sixty Jewish households.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">1929 Palestine riots</a>, there were fifty families living in Gaza, most of whom fled after the riots.<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a> In Sami Hadawi's land and population survey, Gaza had a population of 34,250, including 80 Jews in 1945.<a href="#cite_note-Hadawi-117">[115]</a> Most of them left the city after the 1948 War, due to mutual distrust between them and the Arab majority.<a href="#cite_note-JVL-131">[129]</a> Today, there are no Jews living in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Gaza">Economy of Gaza</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg/250px-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg/330px-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg/500px-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Gaza City in 2012</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_Park_-_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gaza_Park_-_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg/250px-Gaza_Park_-_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gaza_Park_-_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg/330px-Gaza_Park_-_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gaza_Park_-_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg/500px-Gaza_Park_-_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Gaza park, 2012</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA.jpg/250px-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA.jpg/500px-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A beach resort in Gaza City</figcaption></figure> The major agricultural products are strawberries, citrus, dates, olives, flowers, and various vegetables. Pollution and high demand for water have reduced the productive capacity of farms in the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a> Small-scale industries include the production of plastics, construction materials, textiles, furniture, pottery, tiles, copperware, and carpets. Since the Oslo Accords, thousands of residents have been employed in government ministries and security services, <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a> and international organizations.<a href="#cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">[67]</a> Minor industries include textiles and food processing. A variety of wares are sold in Gaza's street bazaars, including carpets, pottery, wicker furniture, and cotton clothing. The upscale <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Mall" title="Gaza Mall">Gaza Mall</a> opened in July 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Mcintyre-133">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-Waked-134">[132]</a> A report by <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_and_development" title="Human rights and development">human rights and development</a> groups published in 2008 stated that Gaza had suffered a long term pattern of economic stagnation and dire development indicators, the severity which was increased exponentially by the Israeli and Egyptian blockades.<a href="#cite_note-Oxfam-11">[9]</a> The report cited a number of economic indicators to illustrate the point: In 2008, 95% of Gaza's industrial operations were suspended due to lack of access inputs for production and export problems. In 2009, unemployment in Gaza was close to 40%. The private sector which generates 53% of all jobs in Gaza was devastated and businesses went bankrupt. In June 2005, 3,900 factories in Gaza employed 35,000 people, by December 2007, only 1,700 were still employed. The construction industry was paralyzed with tens of thousands of laborers out of work. The agriculture sector was hard hit, affecting nearly 40,000 workers dependent on <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crops</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oxfam-11">[9]</a> Gaza's <a href="/wiki/Food_prices" title="Food prices">food prices</a> rose during the blockade, with wheat flour going up 34%, rice up 21%, and baby powder up 30%. In 2007, households spent an average of 62% of their total income on food, compared to 37% in 2004. In less than a decade, the number of families depending on UNRWA food aid increased tenfold.<a href="#cite_note-Oxfam-11">[9]</a> In 2008, 80% of the population relied on humanitarian aid in 2008 compared to 63% in 2006. According to a report by <a href="/wiki/OXFAM" class="mw-redirect" title="OXFAM">OXFAM</a> in 2009, Gaza suffered from a serious shortage of housing, educational facilities, health facilities and infrastructure, along with an inadequate sewage system that contributed to hygiene and public health problems.<a href="#cite_note-Oxfam-11">[9]</a> Following a significant easing of the closure policy in 2010, the economy of Gaza began to see a substantial recovery from anemic levels during the height of the blockade.<a href="#cite_note-NYToverview-135">[133]</a> The economy of Gaza grew by 8% in the first 11 months of 2010.<a href="#cite_note-businessweek.com-136">[134]</a> Economic activity is largely supported by <a href="/wiki/International_aid_to_Palestinians" title="International aid to Palestinians">foreign aid donations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-businessweek.com-136">[134]</a> There are a number of hotels in Gaza, including the Palestine, Grand Palace, Adam, al-Amal, al-Quds, Cliff, <a href="/wiki/Al_Deira_Hotel" title="Al Deira Hotel">al-Deira</a> and Marna House. All, except the Palestine Hotel, are located along in the coastal <a href="/wiki/Rimal" title="Rimal">Rimal</a> district. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) has a beach club on the same street. Gaza is not a frequent destination for tourists, and most foreigners who stay in hotels are journalists, aid workers, and UN and <a href="/wiki/Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Cross">Red Cross</a> personnel. Upmarket hotels include the al-Quds and the al-Deira Hotel.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> Presence of <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrocarbon reserves">hydrocarbon reserves</a> around the region gives potential to Gaza, to develop as a leading industrial center.<a href="#cite_note-:0-138">[136]</a> Many of the region’s gas and oil fields are underneath Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-:0-138">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-139">[137]</a> In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Natural gas in the Gaza Strip">natural gas reserves</a> were discovered, offshore of the territory, known as <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza Marine">Gaza Marine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-138">[136]</a> It holds 1 trillion cubic feet (28 billion cubic metres) of <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>, as a part of the Levant Basin, which itself holds 122 trillion cubic feet (3.5 trillion cubic metres) of natural gas.<a href="#cite_note-:0-138">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-139">[137]</a> The Levant Basin on the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, which includes coastal regions of Israel, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a>, is estimated to have 1.7 billion barrels (270,000,000 m3) of oil.<a href="#cite_note-:0-138">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-139">[137]</a> Gaza is the only coastal part of the State of Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-:0-138">[136]</a> In 2000, exploration license were granted by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Palestine" title="Government of Palestine">government</a> to <a href="/wiki/British_Gas_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="British Gas Group">British Gas Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-138">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-139">[137]</a> However, the project was interrupted during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">2000–2005 uprisings</a>, where supportive infrastructure, the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Seaport_plans" title="Gaza Seaport plans">seaport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat_International_Airport" title="Yasser Arafat International Airport">airport</a> was destroyed by Israel.<a href="#cite_note-:0-138">[136]</a> In 2023, the work gain momentum again, until it was crashed in the ongoing war.<a href="#cite_note-:0-138">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-139">[137]</a> A large number of people used to believe that, Gaza's oil and gas reserves is the reason for Israel's offensive on the territory, also described as a <a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">potential genocidal campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-138">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-139">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_centers_and_museums">Cultural centers and museums</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88_-_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88_-_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1.jpg/250px-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88_-_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88_-_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88_-_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88_-_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1.jpg/500px-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88_-_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Nehru Library and Cultural Center at Gaza's <a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University_%E2%80%93_Gaza" title="Al-Azhar University – Gaza">Al-Azhar University</a> </figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Rashad_Shawa_Cultural_Center" title="Rashad Shawa Cultural Center">Rashad Shawa Cultural Center</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Rimal" title="Rimal">Rimal</a>, was completed in 1988 and named after its founder, former mayor <a href="/wiki/Rashad_al-Shawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashad al-Shawa">Rashad al-Shawa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RSCC-140">[138]</a> A two-story building with a triangular plan, the cultural centers performs three main functions: a meeting place for large gatherings during annual festivals, a place to stage exhibitions, and a library.<a href="#cite_note-ADL-141">[139]</a> The French Cultural Center is a symbol of French partnership and cooperation in Gaza. It holds art exhibits, concerts, film screenings, and other activities. Whenever possible, French artists are invited to display their artwork, and more frequently, Palestinian artists from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank are invited to participate in art competitions.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> Established in 1998, the Arts and Crafts Village is a children's cultural center with the objectives of promoting comprehensive, regular and periodic documentation of creative art. It interacted on a large scale with a class of artists from different nationalities and organized around 100 exhibitions for creative art, ceramics, graphics, carvings and others. Nearly 10,000 children from throughout the Gaza Strip have benefited from the Arts and Crafts Village.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> The Gaza Theater, financed by contributions from Norway, opened in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> The theater does not receive much funding from the PNA, depending mostly on donations from foreign aid agencies. The <a href="/wiki/A._M._Qattan_Foundation" title="A. M. Qattan Foundation">A. M. Qattan Foundation</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_art" title="Palestinian art">Palestinian arts</a> charity, runs several workshops in Gaza to develop young artistic talent and impart drama skills to teachers. The Gaza Theater Festival was inaugurated in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Museum_of_Archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza Museum of Archaeology">Gaza Museum of Archaeology</a> opened in the summer of 2008. The museum collection features thousands of items, including a statue of a full-breasted <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> in a diaphanous gown, images of other ancient deities and oil lamps featuring menorahs.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine#Gaza" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian cuisine § Gaza</a></div> Gaza's cuisine is characterized by its generous use of spices and chillies. Other major flavors and ingredients include dill, chard, garlic, cumin, lentils, chickpeas, pomegranates, sour plums and <a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">tamarind</a>. Many of the traditional dishes rely on <a href="/wiki/Clay_pot_cooking" title="Clay pot cooking">clay pot cooking</a>, which preserves the flavor and texture of the vegetables and results in fork-tender meat. Traditionally, most Gazan dishes are seasonal and rely on ingredients indigenous to the area and its surrounding villages. Poverty has also played a role in many of the city's simple meatless dishes and stews, such as saliq wa adas ("chard and lentils") and bisara (fava beans mashed with dried <a href="/wiki/Mulukhiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulukhiya">mulukhiya</a> leaves and chilies).<a href="#cite_note-Haddad-147">[145]</a> Seafood is a key aspect of Gaza life and a local staple,<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> Some well-known seafood dishes include zibdiyit gambari, literally, "shrimps in a clay pot", and shatta which are crabs stuffed with red hot chili pepper dip, then baked in the oven. Fish is either fried or grilled after being stuffed with cilantro, garlic, chillies and cumin, and marinated with various spices. It is also a key ingredient in sayyadiya, rice cooked with caramelized onions, a generous amount of whole garlic cloves, large chunks of well-marinated fried fish, and spices such as turmeric, cinnamon, and cumin.<a href="#cite_note-Haddad-147">[145]</a> Many of the 1948-era refugees were <a href="/wiki/Fellahin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellahin">fellahin</a> ("peasants") who ate seasonal foods. <a href="/wiki/Sumaghiyyeh" title="Sumaghiyyeh">Sumaghiyyeh</a>, popular in Gaza not just on Ramadan but all year round, is a mixture of sumac, tahina and water combined with chard, chunks of beef and chickpeas. The dish is topped with crushed dill seeds, chillies and fried garlic and served in bowls.<a href="#cite_note-Haddad-147">[145]</a> Maftool is a wheat-based dish flavored with dried sour plums that is served like couscous or shaped into little balls and steamed over stew or soup.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> Most Gaza restaurants are located in the <a href="/wiki/Rimal" title="Rimal">Rimal</a> district. Al-Andalus, which specializes in fish and seafood, is popular with tourists, as are al-Sammak and the upscale <a href="/wiki/Roots_Club" title="Roots Club">Roots Club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBS-150">[148]</a> Atfaluna is a stylish restaurant near Gaza port run and staffed by deaf people with the goal of building a society that is more accepting of people with disabilities.<a href="#cite_note-uk.reuters.com-151">[149]</a> Throughout the Old City there are street stalls that sell cooked beans, hummus, roasted sweet potatoes, falafel, and kebabs. Coffee houses (qahwa) serve <a href="/wiki/Arabic_coffee" title="Arabic coffee">Arabic coffee</a> and tea. Gaza's well-known sweet shops, Saqqala and Arafat, sell common Arab sweet products and are located off <a href="/wiki/Wehda_Street" title="Wehda Street">Wehda Street</a>. Alcohol is a rarity, found only in the United Nations Beach Club.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Costumes_and_embroidery">Costumes and embroidery</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_costumes" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian costumes">Palestinian costumes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chest_panel_from_Gaza_dress_(Palestinian_Thobe).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Chest_panel_from_Gaza_dress_%28Palestinian_Thobe%29.jpg/250px-Chest_panel_from_Gaza_dress_%28Palestinian_Thobe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Chest_panel_from_Gaza_dress_%28Palestinian_Thobe%29.jpg/330px-Chest_panel_from_Gaza_dress_%28Palestinian_Thobe%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Chest_panel_from_Gaza_dress_%28Palestinian_Thobe%29.jpg/500px-Chest_panel_from_Gaza_dress_%28Palestinian_Thobe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Chest panel from Gaza dress</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Gauze" title="Gauze">Gauze</a> is reputed to have originated in Gaza. Cloth for the Gaza thob was often woven at nearby <a href="/wiki/Al-Majdal,_Askalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Majdal, Askalan">Majdal</a>. Black or blue cottons or striped pink and green fabric that had been made in Majdal continued to be woven throughout the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> by refugees from the coastal plain villages until the 1960s. Thobs here had narrow, tight, straight sleeves. Embroidery was much less dense than that applied in Hebron. The most popular motifs included: scissors (muqass), combs (mushut) and triangles (hijab) often arranged in clusters of fives, sevens and threes, as the use of odd numbers is considered in Arab <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> to be effective against the <a href="/wiki/Evil_eye" title="Evil eye">evil eye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PCA2-153">[151]</a> Circa 1990, <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and other Islamic movements sought to increase the use of the <a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">hijab</a> ("headscarf") among Gazan women, especially urban and educated women, and the hijab styles since introduced have varied according to class and group identity.<a href="#cite_note-Hammami-154">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Stadium" title="Palestine Stadium">Palestine Stadium</a>, the Palestinian national stadium, is located in Gaza and has a capacity for 10,000 people. Gaza has several local football teams that participate in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza Strip League">Gaza Strip League</a>. They include Khidmat al-Shatia (al-Shati Camp), Ittihad al-Shuja'iyya (Shuja'iyya neighborhood), Gaza Sports Club, and al-Zeitoun (Zeitoun neighborhood).<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sa%27id_al-Shawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Sa%27id_al-Shawa.jpg/170px-Sa%27id_al-Shawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Sa%27id_al-Shawa.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Said_al-Shawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Said al-Shawa">Said al-Shawa</a>, the first mayor of Gaza</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Politics of the Palestinian National Authority">Politics of the Palestinian National Authority</a></div> Today, Gaza serves as the administrative capital of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Governorate" title="Gaza Governorate">Gaza Governorate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> It contains the currently defunct <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a> building. The first municipal council of Gaza was formed in 1893 under the chairmanship of Ali Khalil Shawa. Modern mayorship, however, began in 1906 with his son <a href="/wiki/Said_al-Shawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Said al-Shawa">Said al-Shawa</a>, who was appointed mayor by the Ottoman authorities.<a href="#cite_note-Mayors-157">[155]</a> Al-Shawa oversaw the construction of Gaza's first hospital, several new mosques and schools, the restoration of the Great Mosque, and the introduction of the modern plow to the city.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> In 1922, British <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">colonial secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> requested that Gaza develop its own <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a> under Mandatory Palestine. However, it was rejected by the Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> On July 24, 1994, the PNA proclaimed Gaza the first <a href="/wiki/Municipality_(Palestinian_Authority)" title="Municipality (Palestinian Authority)">city council</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PASSIA-3">[2]</a> The 2005 <a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Palestinian_local_elections" title="2004–05 Palestinian local elections">Palestinian municipal elections</a> were not held in Gaza, nor in <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a> or Rafah. Instead, <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> party officials selected the smaller cities, towns, and villages to hold elections, assuming they would fare better in less urban areas. The rival <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> party, however, won the majority of seats in seven of the ten municipalities selected for the first round with voter turnout being around 80%.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> 2007 saw <a href="/wiki/2007_Battle_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Battle of Gaza">violent clashes</a> between the two parties that left over 100 dead, ultimately resulting in Hamas taking over the city.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> Normally, Palestinian municipalities with populations over 20,000 and that serve as administrative centers have municipal councils consisting of fifteen members, including the mayor. The current municipal council of Gaza, however, consists of fourteen members, including the installed by Hamas mayor, Nizar Hijazi.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/250px-Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/330px-Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/500px-Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Schoolgirls in Gaza lining up for class, 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_Uni_Gaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Islamic_Uni_Gaza.jpg/220px-Islamic_Uni_Gaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Islamic_Uni_Gaza.jpg/330px-Islamic_Uni_Gaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Islamic_Uni_Gaza.jpg/440px-Islamic_Uni_Gaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The main conference hall of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Gaza" title="Islamic University of Gaza">Islamic University of Gaza</a></figcaption></figure> According to the PCBS, in 1997, approximately over 90% of Gaza's population over the age of 10 was literate. Of the city's population, 140,848 were enrolled in schools (39.8% in elementary school, 33.8% in secondary school, and 26.4% in high school). About 11,134 people received bachelor diplomas or higher diplomas.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> In 2006, there were 210 schools in Gaza; 151 were run by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Ministry_of_Education_and_Higher_Education" title="Palestinian Ministry of Education and Higher Education">Education Ministry of the Palestinian National Authority</a>, 46 were run by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Relief and Works Agency">United Nations Relief and Works Agency</a>, and 13 were private schools. A total of 154,251 students were enrolled and 5,877 teachers were employed.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> The currently downtrodden economy has affected education in the Gaza Strip severely. In September 2007, a UNRWA survey in the Gaza Strip revealed that there was a nearly 80% failure rate in schools grades four to nine, with up to 90% failure rates in mathematics. In January 2008, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Children%27s_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Children's Fund">United Nations Children's Fund</a> reported that schools in Gaza had been canceling classes that were high on energy consumption, such as <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> or science labs, and extra curricular activities.<a href="#cite_note-Oxfam-11">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3></div> Gaza has many universities. The four main universities in the city are <a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University_%E2%80%93_Gaza" title="Al-Azhar University – Gaza">al-Azhar University – Gaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_Open_University" title="Al-Quds Open University">al-Quds Open University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_University" title="Al-Aqsa University">al-Aqsa University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Gaza" title="Islamic University of Gaza">Islamic University of Gaza</a>. The Islamic University, consisting of ten facilities, was founded by a group of businessmen in 1978, making it the first University in Gaza. It had an enrollment of 20,639 students.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> Al-Azhar is generally secular and was founded in 1992. Al-Aqsa University was established in 1991. Al-Quds Open University established its Gaza Educational Region campus in 1992 in a rented building in the center of the city originally with 730 students. Because of the rapid increase of the number of students, it constructed the first university owned building in the <a href="/wiki/Nasser,_Gaza" title="Nasser, Gaza">Nasser District</a>. In 2006–07, it had an enrollment of 3,778 students.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_library">Public library</h3></div> The Public Library of Gaza is located off <a href="/wiki/Wehda_Street" title="Wehda Street">Wehda Street</a> and has a collection of nearly 10,000 books in Arabic, English and French. A total area of about 1,410 square metres (15,200 sq ft), the building consists of two floors and a basement. The library was opened in 1999 after cooperation dating from 1996 by Gaza under mayor Aoun Shawa, the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Dunkerque" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunkerque">Dunkerque</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. The library's primary objectives are to provide sources of information that meets the needs of beneficiaries, provide necessary facilities for access to available information sources, and organizing various cultural programs such as, cultural events, seminars, lectures, film presentations, videos, art and book exhibitions.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85.jpg/250px--%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85.jpg/330px--%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85.jpg/500px--%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sayed_al-Hashim_Mosque" title="Sayed al-Hashim Mosque">Sayed al-Hashim Mosque</a> where the Islamic prophet <a href="/wiki/Mohammed" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed">Mohammed</a>'s great-grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Hashim_ibn_Abd_Manaf" title="Hashim ibn Abd Manaf">Hashim ibn Abd Manaf</a> (c. 464-497), is thought to be buried.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_War_Cemetery_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gaza_War_Cemetery_3.jpg/250px-Gaza_War_Cemetery_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gaza_War_Cemetery_3.jpg/330px-Gaza_War_Cemetery_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gaza_War_Cemetery_3.jpg/500px-Gaza_War_Cemetery_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_Cemetery" title="Gaza War Cemetery">World War I Cemetery in Gaza</a></figcaption></figure> Landmarks in Gaza include the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque</a> in the Old City. Originally a pagan temple, it was consecrated a Greek Orthodox church by the Byzantines,<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> then a mosque in the 8th century by the Arabs. The Crusaders transformed it into a church, but it was reestablished as a mosque soon after Gaza's reconquest by the Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-Sheehan-99">[97]</a> It is the oldest and largest in the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> Other mosques in the Old City include the Mamluk-era <a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_al-Sayed_Hashem" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosque of al-Sayed Hashem">Sayed Hashem Mosque</a> that believed to house the tomb of Hashem ibn Abd al-Manaf in its dome.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> There is also the nearby <a href="/wiki/Kateb_al-Welaya_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Kateb al-Welaya Mosque">Kateb al-Welaya Mosque</a> that dates back to 1334. In <a href="/wiki/Shuja%27iyya" title="Shuja'iyya">Shuja'iyya</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Uthman_Mosque" title="Ibn Uthman Mosque">Ibn Uthman Mosque</a>, which was built by Nablus native Ahmad ibn Uthman in 1402, and the <a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Mosque" title="Mahkamah Mosque">Mahkamah Mosque</a> built by Mamluk <a href="/wiki/Majordomo" title="Majordomo">majordomo</a> Birdibak al-Ashrafi in 1455. In <a href="/wiki/Tuffah" title="Tuffah">Tuffah</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Marwan_Mosque" title="Ibn Marwan Mosque">Ibn Marwan Mosque</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Sharon31-100">[98]</a> which was built in 1324 and houses the tomb of Ali ibn Marwan, a holy man.<a href="#cite_note-MET-105">[103]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Unknown_Soldier%27s_Square" title="Unknown Soldier's Square">Unknown Soldier's Square</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Rimal" title="Rimal">Rimal</a>, is a monument dedicated to an unknown Palestinian fighter who died in the 1948 War. In 1967, the monument was torn down by Israeli forces and remained a patch of sand,<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> until a public garden was built there with funding from Norway. <a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Basha" title="Qasr al-Basha">Qasr al-Basha</a>, originally a Mamluk-era villa that was used by Napoleon during his brief sojourn in Gaza, is located in the Old City and is today a girls' school. The Commonwealth Gaza War Cemetery, often referred to as the British War Cemetery, contains the graves of fallen Allied soldiers in World War I; it sits 1.5 km (1 mi) northeast of the city center, in the Tuffah district, near <a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_Road" title="Salah al-Din Road">Salah al-Din Road</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sheehan-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Water supply and sanitation in the Palestinian territories">Water supply and sanitation in the Palestinian territories</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_supply_and_sanitation">Water supply and sanitation</h3></div> According to the 1997 census by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a>, 98.1% of Gaza's residents were connected to the public <a href="/wiki/Right_to_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to water">water supply</a> while the remainder used a private system.<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> About 87.6% were connected to a public sewage system and 11.8% used a cesspit.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> The blockade on Gaza severely restricted the city's water supply. The six main wells for drinking water did not function, and roughly 50% of the population had no water on a regular basis. The municipality claimed it was forced to pump water through "salty wells" because of the unavailability of electricity. About 20 million liters of raw sewage and 40 million liters of partially treated water per day flowed into the Mediterranean Sea, and untreated sewage bred insects and mice.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> As a "water-poor" country, Gaza is highly dependent on water from <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadi Gaza">Wadi Ghazza</a>. The Gaza Aquifer is used as Gaza's main resource for obtaining quality water. However, the majority of water from Wadi Ghazza is transported to Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power_grid">Power grid</h3></div> In 2002 Gaza began operating its own power plant which was built by <a href="/wiki/Enron" title="Enron">Enron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> However, the power plant was bombed and destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defense_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defense Forces">Israeli Defense Forces</a> in 2006. Prior to the power plant's destruction Israel provided additional electricity to Gaza through the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Electric_Corporation" title="Israel Electric Corporation">Israel Electric Corporation</a>. The plant was partially rebuilt by December 2007,<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> and Israeli electricity continues to be sold to Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solid_waste_management">Solid waste management</h3></div> Solid waste management is one of key compelling issues facing Gazans today. These challenges are attributed to several factors; the lack of investment in environmental systems, less attention was given to environmental projects, and the absence of law enforcement and the tendency towards crisis management. One of the main aspects of this problem is the huge quantities of rubble and debris generated as a result of Israeli bombardments.<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> For instance, the scale of damage resulting from the <a href="/wiki/2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Israel–Gaza conflict">Operation Protective Edge</a> is unprecedented. All governorates in the Gaza Strip witnessed extensive aerial bombardment, naval shelling and artillery fire, resulting in a considerable amount of rubble. According to recent statistics, more than 2 million tonnes of debris was generated. Approximately 10,000 houses were leveled to the ground including two 13-story residential buildings. A tremendous amount of debris remains scattered in Gaza. Serious efforts and a high budget are required to handle this challenge. More importantly, and based on a UNEP study after the 2008 war, the debris is highly likely to be contaminated with PAHs and probably with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and furan compounds.<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> In January 2024, the Israeli army destroyed Gaza City’s main reservoirs, Al-Balad and Al-Rimal.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_care">Health care</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Quds_hospital,_Gaza_City,_following_Israeli_shelling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Al-Quds_hospital%2C_Gaza_City%2C_following_Israeli_shelling.jpg/220px-Al-Quds_hospital%2C_Gaza_City%2C_following_Israeli_shelling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Al-Quds_hospital%2C_Gaza_City%2C_following_Israeli_shelling.jpg/330px-Al-Quds_hospital%2C_Gaza_City%2C_following_Israeli_shelling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Al-Quds_hospital%2C_Gaza_City%2C_following_Israeli_shelling.jpg/440px-Al-Quds_hospital%2C_Gaza_City%2C_following_Israeli_shelling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Quds hospital">Al-Quds hospital</a>, Gaza City, following Israeli shelling in 2009</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital" title="Al-Shifa Hospital">Al-Shifa Hospital</a> ("the Cure") was founded in the Rimal District by the British Mandate government in the 1940s. Housed in an army barracks, it originally provided quarantine and treatment for <a href="/wiki/Febrile" class="mw-redirect" title="Febrile">febrile</a> diseases. When Egypt administered Gaza, this original department was relocated and al-Shifa became the city's central hospital.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> When Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip after occupying it in the <a href="/wiki/1956_Suez_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1956 Suez Crisis">1956 Suez Crisis</a>, Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> had al-Shifa hospital expanded and improved. He also ordered the establishment of a second hospital in the Nasser District with the same name. In 1957, the quarantine and febrile disease hospital was rebuilt and named <a href="/wiki/Nasser_Hospital" title="Nasser Hospital">Nasser Hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Husseini-106">[104]</a> Today, al-Shifa remains Gaza's largest medical complex.<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> Throughout the late 1950s, a new health administration, Bandar Gaza ("Gaza Region"), was established and headed by <a href="/wiki/Haidar_Abdel-Shafi" title="Haidar Abdel-Shafi">Haidar Abdel-Shafi</a>. Bandar Gaza rented several rooms throughout the city to set up government clinics that provided essential <a href="/wiki/Curative_care" title="Curative care">curative care</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Husseini-106">[104]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_46.jpg/250px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_46.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_46.jpg/330px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_46.jpg/500px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital" title="Al-Shifa Hospital">Al-Shifa Hospital</a> in Gaza City during the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a> on 11 October 2023</figcaption></figure> The Ahli Arab Hospital, founded in 1907 by the Church Missionary Society (CMS), was destroyed in World War I.<a href="#cite_note-AAH-186">[184]</a> It was rebuilt after the war by the CMS, and in 1955 became the Southern Baptist Hospital.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> In 1982, the Episcopal Diocese of Jerusalem took leadership and the original name was restored.<a href="#cite_note-AAH-186">[184]</a> Al-Quds Hospital, located in the <a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Hawa" title="Tel al-Hawa">Tel al-Hawa</a> neighborhood and managed by the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Red_Crescent_Society" title="Palestine Red Crescent Society">Palestine Red Crescent Society</a>, is the second largest hospital in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> In 2007, hospitals experienced power cuts lasting for 8–12 hours daily and diesel required for power generators was in short supply. According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO), the proportion of patients given permits to exit Gaza for medical care decreased from 89.3% in January 2007 to 64.3% in December 2007.<a href="#cite_note-Oxfam-11">[9]</a> In 2010, a team of doctors from Al-Durrah Hospital in Gaza spent a year of training at the cystic fibrosis clinic at <a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Medical_Center" title="Hadassah Medical Center">Hadassah Medical Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. Upon their return to Gaza, a cystic fibrosis center was established at Al-Durrah, although the most serious cases are referred to Hadassah.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Rantisi_Hospital" title="Al-Rantisi Hospital">Al-Rantisi Hospital</a> provides care for children. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_airport_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gaza_airport_03.jpg/220px-Gaza_airport_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gaza_airport_03.jpg/330px-Gaza_airport_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gaza_airport_03.jpg/440px-Gaza_airport_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat_International_Airport" title="Yasser Arafat International Airport">Yasser Arafat International Airport</a> in the southern Gaza Strip, 2002</figcaption></figure> The Rasheed Coastal Road runs along Gaza's coastline and connects it with the rest of Gaza Strip's coastline north and south. The main highway of the Gaza Strip, <a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_Road" title="Salah al-Din Road">Salah al-Din Road</a> (the modern <a href="/wiki/Via_Maris" title="Via Maris">Via Maris</a>) runs through the middle of Gaza City, connecting it with Deir al-Balah, <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a>, and Rafah in the south and <a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanoun" title="Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a> in the north.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-191">[189]</a> The northern crossing of Salah ad-Din Street into Israel is the <a href="/wiki/Erez_Crossing" title="Erez Crossing">Erez Crossing</a> and the crossing into Egypt is the <a href="/wiki/Rafah_Crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafah Crossing">Rafah Crossing</a>. <a href="/wiki/Omar_Mukhtar_Street" title="Omar Mukhtar Street">Omar Mukhtar Street</a> is the main road in the city running north–south, branching off Salah ad-Din Street, stretching from the Rimal coastline and the Old City where it ends at the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Market" title="Gold Market">Gold Market</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sheehan-99">[97]</a> Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Blockade of the Gaza Strip</a>, there existed regular lines of collective taxis to <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MOG-192">[190]</a> Except for private cars, Gaza City is served by taxis and buses. The <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat_International_Airport" title="Yasser Arafat International Airport">Yasser Arafat International Airport</a> near <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a> opened in 1998 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Gaza. Its runways and facilities were damaged by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defense_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defense Forces">Israeli Defense Forces</a> in 2001 and 2002, rendering the airport unusable. In 2010, the tarmac ramp was destroyed by Palestinians seeking stones and recycled building materials.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Gurion International Airport">Ben Gurion International Airport</a> in Israel is located roughly 75 kilometres (47 mi) northeast of the city.<a href="#cite_note-MOG-192">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_the_Palestinian_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in the Palestinian Territories">List of twin towns and sister cities in the Palestinian Territories</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h3></div> Gaza is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (1998)<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a>, France (1996)<a href="#cite_note-dq-fr-195">[193]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy (1997)<a href="#cite_note-Turin_twinnings-196">[194]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/60px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8" title="Tromsø">Tromsø</a>, Norway (2001)<a href="#cite_note-tc-sc-198">[196]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cascais" title="Cascais">Cascais</a>, Portugal<a href="#cite_note-cc-sc-199">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain (1998)<a href="#cite_note-Barcelona-200">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ceres,_Spain" title="Cáceres, Spain">Cáceres</a>, Spain (2010)<a href="#cite_note-Cáceres-201">[199]</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/60px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/120px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Palestine portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Gaza Strip">History of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Gaza">List of rulers of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Outline of the State of Palestine">Outline of the State of Palestine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> On 30 December 2023, <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> reported, "According to analysis of satellite data by remote-sensing experts at the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_University" title="Oregon State University">Oregon State University</a>, as many as 80% of the buildings in northern Gaza, where the bombing has been most severe, are damaged or destroyed."<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɡɑːzə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/80\/Gaza_pronunciation.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Gaza pronunciation.mp3"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Gaza_pronunciation.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_pronunciation.mp3" title="File:Gaza pronunciation.mp3">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">GAH-zə</a>;<a href="#cite_note-OED-Gaza_Strip-6">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: غَزَّة, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: Ġazzah, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[ˈɣazza]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8e\/Ar-Gaza.oga\/Ar-Gaza.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ar-Gaza.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/Ar-Gaza.oga/Ar-Gaza.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Ar-Gaza.oga" title="File:Ar-Gaza.oga">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Palestinian Arabic</a>: Ġazzeh, IPA: [ˈɣæ.zɜ] </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMalsinShah" class="citation news cs1">Malsin, Jared; Shah, Saeed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/gaza-destruction-bombing-israel-aa528542#">"The Ruined Landscape of Gaza After Nearly Three Months of Bombing"</a>. WSJ. Retrieved 31 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WSJ&rft.atitle=The+Ruined+Landscape+of+Gaza+After+Nearly+Three+Months+of+Bombing&rft.aulast=Malsin&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft.au=Shah%2C+Saeed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fgaza-destruction-bombing-israel-aa528542%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PASSIA-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PASSIA_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PASSIA_3-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/chronology/19941995.htm">Palestine Facts Timeline</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729174648/http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/chronology/19941995.htm">Archived</a> July 29, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Academic_Society_for_the_Study_of_International_Affairs" title="Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs">Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs</a> (PASSIA). </li> <li id="cite_note-GazaMunicipality-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GazaMunicipality_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GazaMunicipality_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080620101738/http://www.mogaza.org/gazacity.htm">"Gaza City"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2021-01-28. 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International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 4. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediciconafrica.altervista.org/newsletter/gaza.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2009-01-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gaza+Strip%3A+A+Humanitarian+Implosion&rft.pub=Oxfam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediciconafrica.altervista.org%2Fnewsletter%2Fgaza.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/palestinians-gaza-israel-bombing-destruction-hamas-reconstruction-f299a28410b70ee05dd764df97d8d3a0">"Gaza has become a moonscape in war. When the battles stop, many fear it will remain uninhabitable"</a>. AP. 23 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP&rft.atitle=Gaza+has+become+a+moonscape+in+war.+When+the+battles+stop%2C+many+fear+it+will+remain+uninhabitable&rft.date=2023-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpalestinians-gaza-israel-bombing-destruction-hamas-reconstruction-f299a28410b70ee05dd764df97d8d3a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFH._Jacob_Katzenstein1982" class="citation journal cs1">H. Jacob Katzenstein (1982). "Gaza in the Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom". 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This Week in Palestine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=2564&ed=157&edid=157">the original</a> on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2009-01-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+Week+in+Palestine&rft.atitle=The+Other+Face+of+Gaza%3A+The+Gaza+Continuum&rft.date=2008-09&rft.aulast=Filfil&rft.aufirst=Rania&rft.au=Louton%2C+Barbara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisweekinpalestine.com%2Fdetails.php%3Fid%3D2564%26ed%3D157%26edid%3D157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-STF-J-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-STF-J_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-STF-J_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-STF-J_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-STF-J_21-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-STF-J_21-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-STF-J_21-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-STF-J_21-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-STF-J_21-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-STF-J_21-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120728115614/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/mad/discussion/123discuss.html">"Gaza – (Gaza, al -'Azzah)"</a>. Studium Biblicum Franciscanum – Jerusalem. 2000-12-19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/mad/discussion/123discuss.html">the original</a> on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2009-02-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gaza+%E2%80%93+%28Gaza%2C+al+-%27Azzah%29&rft.pub=Studium+Biblicum+Franciscanum+%E2%80%93+Jerusalem&rft.date=2000-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christusrex.org%2Fwww1%2Fofm%2Fmad%2Fdiscussion%2F123discuss.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Michael G. Hasel (1998) Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant, Ca. 1300–1185 B.C. BRILL, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10984-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10984-6">90-04-10984-6</a> p 258 </li> <li id="cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin_23-1">b</a> Ring and Salkin, 1994, p.287. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pataip149-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Pataip149_24-0">^</a> Patai, 1999, p. 149. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shatzmanp79-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Shatzmanp79_25-0">^</a> Shatzman, 1991, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pataip142-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Pataip142_26-0">^</a> Patai, 1999, p. 142. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dowling1-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Dowling1_27-0">^</a> Dowling, 1913, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/gazacityofmanyba00dowlrich#page/33/mode/1up">33</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarris1980" class="citation journal cs1">Harris, William V. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4238700">"Towards a Study of the Roman Slave Trade"</a>. Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. 36: 128. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4238700">10.2307/4238700</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0065-6801">0065-6801</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4238700">4238700</a>. <q>Slaves were sold at Gaza after the fall of Jerusalem and at the end of the Jewish rebellion in 135, and it may perhaps have been an important slaving center even in ordinary times.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+American+Academy+in+Rome&rft.atitle=Towards+a+Study+of+the+Roman+Slave+Trade&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=128&rft.date=1980&rft.issn=0065-6801&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4238700%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4238700&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=William+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4238700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doughty-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Doughty_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Doughty_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoughty2006" class="citation web cs1">Doughty, Dick (November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907165624/http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=1958&ed=133&edid=133">"Gaza: Contested Crossroads"</a>. This Week in Palestine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=1958&ed=133&edid=133">the original</a> on 2011-09-07. Retrieved 2009-01-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gaza%3A+Contested+Crossroads&rft.pub=This+Week+in+Palestine&rft.date=2006-11&rft.aulast=Doughty&rft.aufirst=Dick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisweekinpalestine.com%2Fdetails.php%3Fid%3D1958%26ed%3D133%26edid%3D133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mah-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mah_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mah_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mah_30-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRemondino2007" class="citation web cs1">Remondino (June 5, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-ge.ch/mah/expos/pdf/212/Gaza_timeline.pdf">"Gaza at the crossroads of civilisations"</a> (PDF). Exhibition: Gaza at the crossroads of civilisations (27 April to 7 October 2007). Art and History Museum, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland. Retrieved 2008-01-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exhibition%3A+Gaza+at+the+crossroads+of+civilisations+%2827+April+to+7+October+2007%29&rft.atitle=Gaza+at+the+crossroads+of+civilisations&rft.date=2007-06-05&rft.au=Remondino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ville-ge.ch%2Fmah%2Fexpos%2Fpdf%2F212%2FGaza_timeline.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Jennifer Lee Hevelone-Harper (1997) Disciples of the Desert: Monks, Laity, and Spiritual Authority in Sixth-century Gaza (JHU Press) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-8110-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-8110-2">0-8018-8110-2</a> pp 11- 12 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Hagith Sivan (2008) Palestine in late antiquity Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-928417-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-928417-2">0-19-928417-2</a> p 337 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Andrea Sterk (2004) Renouncing the World Yet Leading the Church: The Monk-bishop in Late Antiquity Harvard University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01189-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01189-9">0-674-01189-9</a> p 207 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Gerald Butt (1995) Life at the crossroads: a history of Gaza Rimal Publications, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-900269-03-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-900269-03-1">1-900269-03-1</a> p 70 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06399c.htm">"Gaza" from the Catholic Encyclopedia</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaegi-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Kaegi_36-0">^</a> Kaegi, W. Byzantium and the early Islamic conquests, p. 95 </li> <li id="cite_note-Pringle-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pringle_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pringle_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pringle_37-2">c</a> Pringle, 1993, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA208">208</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> J.S. Tunison: "Dramatic Traditions of the Dark Ages", Burt Franklin, New York, p.11 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AB2ZqhFdZ4cC&pg=PA11">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517032359/http://www.english.imjnet.org.il/popup?c0=13127">"King David playing the lyre"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.imjnet.org.il/popup?c0=13127">the original</a> on 2017-05-17. Retrieved 28 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=King+David+playing+the+lyre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english.imjnet.org.il%2Fpopup%3Fc0%3D13127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Kennedy, 2007, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-Filiu18-19-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Filiu18-19_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Filiu18-19_41-1">b</a> Filiu, 2014, pp. 18–19. </li> <li id="cite_note-Filiu23-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Filiu23_42-0">^</a> Filiu, 2014, pp. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin2-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin2_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin2_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin2_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin2_43-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin2_43-4">e</a> Ring and Salkin, 1994, p. 289. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gil-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Gil_44-0">^</a> Gil, 1992, p.292. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharon17-18-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sharon17-18_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharon17-18_45-1">b</a> Sharon, 2009, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P2LtyFVNJmcC&pg=PA17">17</a>-18 </li> <li id="cite_note-Dowling2-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Dowling2_46-0">^</a> Dowling, 1913, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/gazacityofmanyba00dowlrich#page/37/mode/1up">37</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">al-Muqaddasi</a> quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/442/mode/1up">442</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Gil, 1992, p.349. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Yaqut_al-Hamawi" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut al-Hamawi</a> quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/442/mode/1up">442</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharon-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Sharon_50-0">^</a> Sharon, 1997, pp.XII-XIII. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Sharon, 2009, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P2LtyFVNJmcC&pg=PA26">26</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Sharon, 2009, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P2LtyFVNJmcC&pg=PA87">87</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Meyer, 1907, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofcityofg00meyeuoft#page/83/mode/1up">83</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ring_and_Salkin3-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin3_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin3_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin3_54-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin3_54-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin3_54-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin3_54-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ring_and_Salkin3_54-6">g</a> Ring and Salkin, 1994, p.290. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/442/mode/1up">442</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElkan_Nathan_Adler1987" class="citation book cs1">Elkan Nathan Adler (1987) [1930]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewishtravellers00elka">Jewish Travellers in the Middle Ages</a>. Dover. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewishtravellers00elka/page/180">180–181</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486253978" title="Special:BookSources/9780486253978"><bdi>9780486253978</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Travellers+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=180-181&rft.pub=Dover&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780486253978&rft.au=Elkan+Nathan+Adler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjewishtravellers00elka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Ze'evi, 1996, p.2. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Doumani, 1995, p.35. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ze'evi-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Ze'evi_59-0">^</a> Ze'evi, 1996, p.40. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Ze'evi, 1996, p.53. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Dowling, 1913, pp.38-39. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Dowling, 1913, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/gazacityofmanyba00dowlrich#page/70/mode/1up">70</a>-71 </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Meyer, 1907, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofcityofg00meyeuoft#page/98/mode/1up">98</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ze'evi2-64"><a href="#cite_ref-Ze'evi2_64-0">^</a> Ze'evi, 1996, p.41. </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson1-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson1_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson1_65-1">b</a> Robinson, 1841, vol 2, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n396/mode/1up">374</a>-375 </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson2-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson2_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson2_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson2_66-2">c</a> Robinson, 1841, vol 2, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n399/mode/1up">377–378</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Robinson, 1841, vol 2, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n400/mode/1up">378</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Robinson, 1841, p.38. </li> <li id="cite_note-Abu-Lughod-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Lughod_69-12">m</a> Dumper and Abu-Lughod, 2007, p.155. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grossman, David (2004). Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine: Distribution and Population Density during the Late Ottoman and Early Mandate Periods (in Hebrew). 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Population of villages, towns and administrative areas"</a>. 1931 Census of Palestine. British Mandate survey in 1931. Retrieved 2014-11-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1931+Census+of+Palestine&rft.atitle=Census+of+Palestine+1931.+Population+of+villages%2C+towns+and+administrative+areas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FCensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hadawi-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hadawi_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hadawi_117-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hadawi_117-2">c</a> Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Gaza/Page-045.jpg">45</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-1945p31-118"><a href="#cite_ref-1945p31_118-0">^</a> Department of Statistics, 1945, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p31.jpg">31</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> Census by <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCBSCensus-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PCBSCensus_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCBSCensus_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130075440/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/gaz_t1.aspx">"Gaza Governorate: Palestinian Population by Locality, Subspace and Age Groups in Years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS). 1997. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/site/617/default.aspx">the original</a> on 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2013-10-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ&rft.pub=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+%28PCBS%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcbs.gov.ps%2Fsite%2F617%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Gaza has a population of 449,221 (2009 census) and an area of 45 square kilometres (17 sq mi) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mogaza.org/index.php?page=gazacity">Municipality of Gaza</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528010900/http://www.mogaza.org/index.php?page=gazacity">Archived</a> 2010-05-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Arabic)). This gives a population density of 9,982.69/km² (26,424.76/mi²). </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7266326.stm">"Five militants die in Gaza strike"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 2008-02-27. 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Retrieved 28 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Gaza+deaf+restaurant+a+chance+to+change+perceptions&rft.date=2012-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-palestinians-gaza-deaf%2Fgaza-deaf-restaurant-a-chance-to-change-perceptions-idUSLNE89H01U20121018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> Jacobs, 1994, p.456 </li> <li id="cite_note-PCA2-153"><a href="#cite_ref-PCA2_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020913101705/http%3A//www%2Epalestinecostumearchive%2Eorg/regional%2Ehtm">"Palestine costume before 1948: by region"</a>. Palestine Costume Archive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestinecostumearchive.org/regional.htm">the original</a> on September 13, 2002. Retrieved 2008-08-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestine+costume+before+1948%3A+by+region&rft.pub=Palestine+Costume+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestinecostumearchive.org%2Fregional.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hammami-154"><a href="#cite_ref-Hammami_154-0">^</a> Rema Hammami. "Women, the Hijab and the Intifada" in <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Report" title="Middle East Report">Middle East Report</a>, No. 164/165, May–Aug., 1990. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3012687">3012687</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsssf.org/tablesp/pales06.html">Palestina 2005/06</a> Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaza.gov.ps/englishVersion/default.asp">Gaza Governorate Home Page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050309160721/http://www.gaza.gov.ps/englishVersion/default.asp">Archived</a> 2005-03-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Governorate of Gaza Official Website. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayors-157"><a href="#cite_ref-Mayors_157-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ar&u=http://www.mogaza.org/&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DGaza%2BMunicipality%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DE5j%26pwst%3D1">Former Presidents of the Municipality of Gaza</a>. Municipality of Gaza. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://74.125.45.113/translate_c?hl=en&sl=ar&u=http://www.mogaza.org/ex-mayors-1.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3DGaza%2BMunicipality%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DE5j%26pwst%3D1&usg=ALkJrhh8sFQSMFpVW1ggNf5j7ikrGkFWzQ">Said al-Shawa, 1906</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] Gaza Municipality. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTessler_M1994" class="citation book cs1">Tessler M (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3kbU4BIAcrQC&q=palestine+constitution+1922&pg=PA172">"Ch. 3: The Conflict Takes Shape"</a>. A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0253208734" title="Special:BookSources/0253208734"><bdi>0253208734</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+3%3A+The+Conflict+Takes+Shape&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Israeli-Palestinian+Conflict&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0253208734&rft.au=Tessler+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3kbU4BIAcrQC%26q%3Dpalestine%2Bconstitution%2B1922%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> Anderson, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A44058-2005Jan28.html">Hamas Dominates Local Vote in Gaza</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>. 2005-01-29. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6748621.stm">How Hamas took over the Gaza Strip</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=688460">New Gaza City mayor to start job Sunday</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408220243/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=688460">Archived</a> 2014-04-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maan_News_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Maan News Agency">Maan News Agency</a>. 2014-04-09. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/gaz_t3.aspx">Palestinian Population (10 Years and Over) by Locality, Sex and Educational Attainment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081119062953/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/gaz_t3.aspx">Archived</a> 2008-11-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS). </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529042912/http://www.mohe.gov.ps/downloads/pdffiles/statisticE.pdf">"Statistics About General Education in Palestine"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Education_Minister_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Education Minister of the Palestinian National Authority">Education Minister of the Palestinian National Authority</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohe.gov.ps/downloads/pdffiles/statisticE.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on May 29, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+About+General+Education+in+Palestine&rft.pub=Education+Minister+of+the+Palestinian+National+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohe.gov.ps%2Fdownloads%2Fpdffiles%2FstatisticE.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iugaza.edu.ps/en/About/Facts.aspx">Facts About IUG</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120401222405/http://www.iugaza.edu.ps/en/About/Facts.aspx">Archived</a> 2012-04-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Gaza" title="Islamic University of Gaza">Islamic University of Gaza</a> Official Website. </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qou.edu/homePage/english/index.jsp?pageId=176">Gaza Educational Region</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090703235239/http://www.qou.edu/homePage/english/index.jsp?pageId=176">Archived</a> 2009-07-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_Open_University" title="Al-Quds Open University">Al-Quds Open University</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://74.125.45.101/translate_c?hl=en&sl=ar&u=http://www.mogaza.org/centers-library.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3DGaza%2BMunicipality%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DE5j%26pwst%3D1&usg=ALkJrhjTkA9I7j9liOYc90GIppOKptX9cg">"The municipal public library"</a>. Gaza Municipality.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+municipal+public+library&rft.pub=Gaza+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F74.125.45.101%2Ftranslate_c%3Fhl%3Den%26sl%3Dar%26u%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.mogaza.org%2Fcenters-library.htm%26prev%3D%2Fsearch%253Fq%253DGaza%252BMunicipality%2526hl%253Den%2526client%253Dfirefox-a%2526rls%253Dorg.mozilla%3Aen-US%3Aofficial%2526hs%253DE5j%2526pwst%253D1%26usg%3DALkJrhjTkA9I7j9liOYc90GIppOKptX9cg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> Jacobs, 1998, p.451 </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> Porter and Murray, 1868, p.250. </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webgaza.net/gaza_strip/tour/Sayyed_Hashem_Mosque.htm">Sayyed Hashem Mosque</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081224122300/http://www.webgaza.net/gaza_strip/tour/Sayyed_Hashem_Mosque.htm">Archived</a> 2008-12-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Web Gaza. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> Jacobs, 1998, p.455. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/71701">Gaza War Cemetery</a> at the Commonwealth War Graves Commission </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/gaz_t9.aspx">Occupied Housing Units by Locality and Connection to Water Network</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081119063118/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/gaz_t9.aspx">Archived</a> 2008-11-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS). </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/gaz_t11.aspx">Occupied Housing Units by Locality and Connection to Sewage System in Housing Unit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081119063038/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/gaz_t11.aspx">Archived</a> 2008-11-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS). </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ar&u=http://www.mogaza.org/&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DGaza%2BMunicipality%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DE5j%26pwst%3D1">The outcome of the unjust embargo on the work of the municipal</a> Gaza Municipality. </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLipchinPallantSarangaAmster2007" class="citation book cs1">Lipchin, Clive; Pallant, Eric; Saranga, Danielle; Amster, Allyson (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7rgHmpppZ-wC&pg=PA109">Integrated Water Resources Management and Security in the Middle East</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5986-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5986-5"><bdi>978-1-4020-5986-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Integrated+Water+Resources+Management+and+Security+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-5986-5&rft.aulast=Lipchin&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft.au=Pallant%2C+Eric&rft.au=Saranga%2C+Danielle&rft.au=Amster%2C+Allyson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7rgHmpppZ-wC%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPublished:_March_09,_20022002" class="citation web cs1">Published: March 09, 2002 (2002-03-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/09/business/enron-sought-to-raise-cash-two-years-ago.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm">"Enron Sought To Raise Cash Two Years Ago – Page 2 – New York Times"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 2013-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Enron+Sought+To+Raise+Cash+Two+Years+Ago+%E2%80%93+Page+2+%E2%80%93+New+York+Times&rft.date=2002-03-09&rft.au=Published%3A+March+09%2C+2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F03%2F09%2Fbusiness%2Fenron-sought-to-raise-cash-two-years-ago.html%3Fpagewanted%3D2%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511000924/http://www.gisha.org/map-item.asp?lang_id=en&p_id=886">"Gaza Power Plant"</a>. Gisha.org. 2010-02-03. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gisha.org/map-item.asp?lang_id=en&p_id=886">the original</a> on 2013-05-11. Retrieved 2013-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gaza+Power+Plant&rft.pub=Gisha.org&rft.date=2010-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gisha.org%2Fmap-item.asp%3Flang_id%3Den%26p_id%3D886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130124174419/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hrxNb6LCkzfJ1ZmMR9zdWnRRCQRg?docId=CNG.a82fa1d6f82deea024bea54c40646347.2b1">"AFP: Cut Gaza power supply to boost Israel grid: minister"</a>. 2012-05-13. 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Retrieved 2010-09-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C%C3%A1ceres+prepara+su+hermanamiento+con+la+palestina+Gaza&rft.pub=%C2%A9+2010+El+Peri%C3%B3dico+de+Extremadura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elperiodicoextremadura.com%2Fnoticias%2Fnoticia.asp%3Fpkid%3D529644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbu-LughodDumper2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Abu-Lughod" title="Janet Abu-Lughod">Abu-Lughod, J.</a>; Dumper, Michael (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&q=Cities+of+the+Middle+East">Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia</a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-919-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-919-5"><bdi>978-1-57607-919-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-919-5&rft.aulast=Abu-Lughod&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Dumper%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3SapTk5iGDkC%26q%3DCities%2Bof%2Bthe%2BMiddle%2BEast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarron,_J.B.1923" class="citation book cs1">Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922">Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922</a>. Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine%3A+Report+and+General+Abstracts+of+the+Census+of+1922&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPalestineCensus1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBitton-AskeloniKofsky2004" class="citation book cs1">Bitton-Askeloni, Bruria; Kofsky, Arieh (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lA9VwVwoyiAC">Christian Gaza In Late Antiquity</a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13868-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13868-1"><bdi>978-90-04-13868-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Gaza+In+Late+Antiquity&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-90-04-13868-1&rft.aulast=Bitton-Askeloni&rft.aufirst=Bruria&rft.au=Kofsky%2C+Arieh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlA9VwVwoyiAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButt1995" class="citation book cs1">Butt, Gerald (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WnttAAAAMAAJ&q=Butt+Radwan+Daraj">Life at the crossroads: a history of Gaza</a>. Rimal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-900269-03-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-900269-03-1"><bdi>1-900269-03-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+at+the+crossroads%3A+a+history+of+Gaza&rft.pub=Rimal+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-900269-03-1&rft.aulast=Butt&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWnttAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DButt%2BRadwan%2BDaraj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChiltonHydrogeologists,_International_Association_of1999" class="citation book cs1">Chilton, John; Hydrogeologists, International Association of (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=53IPHH32OgYC">Groundwater in the Urban Environment: Proceedings of the XXVII IAH Congress on Groundwater in the Urban Environment, Nottingham UK, 21–27 September 1997</a>. Taylor and Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5410-924-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5410-924-2"><bdi>978-90-5410-924-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Groundwater+in+the+Urban+Environment%3A+Proceedings+of+the+XXVII+IAH+Congress+on+Groundwater+in+the+Urban+Environment%2C+Nottingham+UK%2C+21%E2%80%9327+September+1997&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-90-5410-924-2&rft.aulast=Chilton&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Hydrogeologists%2C+International+Association+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D53IPHH32OgYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCohenLewis1978" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, Amnon; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a> (1978). "Population and Revenue in the Towns of Palestine in the Sixteenth Century". Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Population+and+Revenue+in+the+Towns+of+Palestine+in+the+Sixteenth+Century&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Amnon&rft.au=Lewis%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Statistics1945" class="citation book cs1">Department of Statistics (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390">Village Statistics, April, 1945</a>. Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics%2C+April%2C+1945&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1945&rft.au=Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.nli.org.il%2Fsites%2Fnli%2FHebrew%2Flibrary%2FPages%2FBookReader.aspx%3Fpid%3D856390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoumani1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Beshara_Doumani" title="Beshara Doumani">Doumani, B.</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zry-tpH3rz8C">Rediscovering Palestine: Merchants and Peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700–1900</a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-20370-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-20370-4"><bdi>0-520-20370-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rediscovering+Palestine%3A+Merchants+and+Peasants+in+Jabal+Nablus%2C+1700%E2%80%931900&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-520-20370-4&rft.aulast=Doumani&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzry-tpH3rz8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDowling1913" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Edward_Dowling" title="Theodore Edward Dowling">Dowling, T.E.</a> (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gazacityofmanyba00dowlrich">"Gaza: A City of Many Battles (from the family of Noah to the Present Day)"</a>. S.P.C.K.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+A+City+of+Many+Battles+%28from+the+family+of+Noah+to+the+Present+Day%29&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Dowling&rft.aufirst=T.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgazacityofmanyba00dowlrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDumperStanleyAbu-Lughod2007" class="citation book cs1">Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; <a href="/wiki/Janet_Abu-Lughod" title="Janet Abu-Lughod">Abu-Lughod, J.</a> (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-919-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-919-5"><bdi>978-1-57607-919-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-919-5&rft.aulast=Dumper&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Stanley%2C+Bruce+E.&rft.au=Abu-Lughod%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFeldman2008" class="citation book cs1">Feldman, Ilana (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D0bEoa0a_YsC&q=Governing+Gaza">Governing Gaza: Bureaucracy, Authority, and the Work of Rule, 1917–1967</a>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4240-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4240-3"><bdi>978-0-8223-4240-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governing+Gaza%3A+Bureaucracy%2C+Authority%2C+and+the+Work+of+Rule%2C+1917%E2%80%931967&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-4240-3&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=Ilana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD0bEoa0a_YsC%26q%3DGoverning%2BGaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFiliu2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Filiu" title="Jean-Pierre Filiu">Filiu, J.-P.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4fhzBAAAQBAJ&q=hussein+pasha+gaza&pg=PA27">Gaza: A History</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-020189-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-020189-0"><bdi>978-0-19-020189-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gaza%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-020189-0&rft.aulast=Filiu&rft.aufirst=J.-P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4fhzBAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhussein%2Bpasha%2Bgaza%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGil1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Gil" title="Moshe Gil">Gil, Moshe</a> (1997) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC">A History of Palestine, 634–1099</a>. Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-59984-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-59984-9"><bdi>0-521-59984-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Palestine%2C+634%E2%80%931099&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-521-59984-9&rft.aulast=Gil&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM0wUKoMJeccC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHadawi1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sami_Hadawi" title="Sami Hadawi">Hadawi, S.</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html">Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine</a>. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics+of+1945%3A+A+Classification+of+Land+and+Area+ownership+in+Palestine&rft.pub=Palestine+Liberation+Organization+Research+Center&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hadawi&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineremembered.com%2FArticles%2FGeneral-2%2FStory3150.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHusseiniBarnea2002" class="citation book cs1">Husseini, Rafiq; Barnea, Tamara (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7AMWP3oI5IUC&q=Rafiq+Husseini&pg=PR3">Separate and Cooperate, Cooperate and Separate: The Disengagement of the Palestine Health Care System from Israel and Its Emergence as an Independent System</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97583-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97583-5"><bdi>0-275-97583-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Separate+and+Cooperate%2C+Cooperate+and+Separate%3A+The+Disengagement+of+the+Palestine+Health+Care+System+from+Israel+and+Its+Emergence+as+an+Independent+System&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-275-97583-5&rft.aulast=Husseini&rft.aufirst=Rafiq&rft.au=Barnea%2C+Tamara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7AMWP3oI5IUC%26q%3DRafiq%2BHusseini%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHütterothAbdulfattah1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Dieter_H%C3%BCtteroth" title="Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth">Hütteroth, W.-D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Abdulfattah" title="Kamal Abdulfattah">Abdulfattah, K.</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ">Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century</a>. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-920405-41-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-920405-41-2"><bdi>3-920405-41-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Geography+of+Palestine%2C+Transjordan+and+Southern+Syria+in+the+Late+16th+Century&rft.pub=Erlanger+Geographische+Arbeiten%2C+Sonderband+5.+Erlangen%2C+Germany%3A+Vorstand+der+Fr%C3%A4nkischen+Geographischen+Gesellschaft&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=3-920405-41-2&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCtteroth&rft.aufirst=W.-D.&rft.au=Abdulfattah%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwqULAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFbe-Yiśraʼel1966" class="citation journal cs1">be-Yiśraʼel, Makhon le-minhal tsiburi (1966). "Public Administration in Israel and Abroad". Israel Institute of Public Administration.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Public+Administration+in+Israel+and+Abroad&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=be-Yi%C5%9Bra%CA%BCel&rft.aufirst=Makhon+le-minhal+tsiburi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacobsEber,_ShirleySilvani,_Francesca1998" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Daniel; Eber, Shirley; Silvani, Francesca (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JXoY2vCZ5AEC&q=Israel+and+the+Palestinian+territories">Israel and the Palestinian territories</a>. Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-248-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-248-0"><bdi>978-1-85828-248-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+and+the+Palestinian+territories&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-85828-248-0&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Eber%2C+Shirley&rft.au=Silvani%2C+Francesca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJXoY2vCZ5AEC%26q%3DIsrael%2Band%2Bthe%2BPalestinian%2Bterritories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2007" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Hugh (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatarabconques00kenn_0">The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In</a>. Philadelphia: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81585-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81585-0"><bdi>978-0-306-81585-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Arab+Conquests%3A+How+the+Spread+of+Islam+Changed+the+World+We+Live+In&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81585-0&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatarabconques00kenn_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLe_Strange1890" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Le_Strange" title="Guy Le Strange">Le Strange, G.</a> (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft">Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500</a>. Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+Under+the+Moslems%3A+A+Description+of+Syria+and+the+Holy+Land+from+A.D.+650+to+1500&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Le+Strange&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestineundermo00lestuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLipchinPallant,_EricSaranga,_Danielle2007" class="citation book cs1">Lipchin, Clive; Pallant, Eric; Saranga, Danielle (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7rgHmpppZ-wC">Integrated Water Resources Management and Security in the Middle East</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5984-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5984-1"><bdi>978-1-4020-5984-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Integrated+Water+Resources+Management+and+Security+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-5984-1&rft.aulast=Lipchin&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft.au=Pallant%2C+Eric&rft.au=Saranga%2C+Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7rgHmpppZ-wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeyer1907" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_A._Meyer" title="Martin A. Meyer">Meyer, Martin Abraham</a> (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofcityofg00meyeuoft">History of the city of Gaza: from the earliest times to the present day</a>. Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+city+of+Gaza%3A+from+the+earliest+times+to+the+present+day&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Martin+Abraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofcityofg00meyeuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatai1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Patai" title="Raphael Patai">Patai, R.</a> (1999). The Children of Noah: Jewish Seafaring in Ancient Times (3rd, illustrated ed.). Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00968-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00968-1"><bdi>978-0-691-00968-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Children+of+Noah%3A+Jewish+Seafaring+in+Ancient+Times&rft.edition=3rd%2C+illustrated&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00968-1&rft.aulast=Patai&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPringle1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Denys_Pringle" title="Denys Pringle">Pringle, D.</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ">The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: Volume I A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-39036-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-39036-2"><bdi>0-521-39036-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Churches+of+the+Crusader+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem%3A+Volume+I+A-K+%28excluding+Acre+and+Jerusalem%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-521-39036-2&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBgQ6AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRingSalkinSchellinger1994" class="citation book cs1">Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M.; Schellinger, Paul E. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2aOpeBnbxvsC&q=Great+Mosque+of+Gaza&pg=PA289">International Dictionary of Historic Places</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-03-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-03-9"><bdi>978-1-884964-03-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-03-9&rft.aulast=Ring&rft.aufirst=Trudy&rft.au=Salkin%2C+Robert+M.&rft.au=Schellinger%2C+Paul+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2aOpeBnbxvsC%26q%3DGreat%2BMosque%2Bof%2BGaza%26pg%3DPA289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonSmith1841" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)" title="Edward Robinson (scholar)">Robinson, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eli_Smith" title="Eli Smith">Smith, E.</a> (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog">Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838</a>. Vol. 2. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Crocker_%26_Brewster" title="Crocker & Brewster">Crocker & Brewster</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biblical+Researches+in+Palestine%2C+Mount+Sinai+and+Arabia+Petraea%3A+A+Journal+of+Travels+in+the+year+1838&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Crocker+%26+Brewster&rft.date=1841&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Smith%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiblicalresearc00smitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSabbagh2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Sabbagh" title="Karl Sabbagh">Sabbagh, K.</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0suiJ7Gj1QC&q=Great+Mosque+of+Gaza+Mamluk&pg=PA429">Palestine: History of a Lost Nation</a>. Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-900949-48-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-900949-48-4"><bdi>978-1-900949-48-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine%3A+History+of+a+Lost+Nation&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-900949-48-4&rft.aulast=Sabbagh&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ0suiJ7Gj1QC%26q%3DGreat%2BMosque%2Bof%2BGaza%2BMamluk%26pg%3DPA429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShahin2005" class="citation book cs1">Shahin, Mariam (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestine00mari">Palestine: A Guide</a>. Interlink Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56656-557-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-56656-557-X"><bdi>1-56656-557-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine%3A+A+Guide&rft.pub=Interlink+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-56656-557-X&rft.aulast=Shahin&rft.aufirst=Mariam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestine00mari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharon2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Sharon" title="Moshe Sharon">Sharon, M.</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P2LtyFVNJmcC">Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, G</a>. Vol. 4. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17085-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17085-8"><bdi>978-90-04-17085-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corpus+Inscriptionum+Arabicarum+Palaestinae%2C+G&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17085-8&rft.aulast=Sharon&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP2LtyFVNJmcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShatzman1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Shatzman" title="Israel Shatzman">Shatzman, I.</a> (1991). The armies of the Hasmonaeans and Herod: from Hellenistic to Roman frameworks. Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-145617-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-145617-6"><bdi>978-3-16-145617-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+armies+of+the+Hasmonaeans+and+Herod%3A+from+Hellenistic+to+Roman+frameworks&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-3-16-145617-6&rft.aulast=Shatzman&rft.aufirst=I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSheehan2000" class="citation book cs1">Sheehan, Sean (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0suiJ7Gj1QC&q=Great+Mosque+of+Gaza+Mamluk&pg=PA429">Israel Handbook: With the Palestinian Authority Areas</a>. Footprint Travel Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-900949-48-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-900949-48-4"><bdi>978-1-900949-48-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+Handbook%3A+With+the+Palestinian+Authority+Areas&rft.pub=Footprint+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-900949-48-4&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ0suiJ7Gj1QC%26q%3DGreat%2BMosque%2Bof%2BGaza%2BMamluk%26pg%3DPA429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZe'evi1996" class="citation book cs1">Ze'evi, Dror (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EN-Pd-JLybUC&q=Lajjun&pg=PA42">An Ottoman Century: The District of Jerusalem in the 1600s</a>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-2915-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-2915-6"><bdi>0-7914-2915-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Ottoman+Century%3A+The+District+of+Jerusalem+in+the+1600s&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7914-2915-6&rft.aulast=Ze%27evi&rft.aufirst=Dror&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEN-Pd-JLybUC%26q%3DLajjun%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+City" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gaza_City" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gaza City">Gaza City</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaza-city.org/">Municipality of Gaza</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219022813/http://www.gaza-city.org/">Archived</a> 2013-12-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=31.513289,34.463425&spn=0.133744,0.240704&t=k">Gaza at Google Maps</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaza-city.org/image/publications/The%20achievements%20of%20the%20municipal%20council%20for%20a%20period%20of%205%20years.pdf">The achievements of the municipal council for a period of 5 years (2008–2013) in Arabic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819130658/http://www.gaza-city.org/image/publications/The%20achievements%20of%20the%20municipal%20council%20for%20a%20period%20of%205%20years.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-08-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gaza_City155" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gaza_City" title="Template:Gaza City"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gaza_City" title="Template talk:Gaza City"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gaza_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gaza City"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gaza_City155" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza City</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gaza</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gaza" title="History of Gaza">History of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Gaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Gaza (page does not exist)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Gaza" title="Port of Gaza">Port of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gaza_City" title="History of the Jews in Gaza City">History of the Jews in Gaza City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Gaza" title="Old City of Gaza">Old City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaytun_Quarter" title="Zaytun Quarter">Zaytun Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraj_Quarter" title="Daraj Quarter">Daraj Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuffah" title="Tuffah">Tuffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuja%27iyya" title="Shuja'iyya">Shuja'iyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judeide,_Gaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judeide, Gaza (page does not exist)">Judeide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turukman" title="Turukman">Turukman</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser,_Gaza" title="Nasser, Gaza">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimal" title="Rimal">Rimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabra,_Gaza" title="Sabra, Gaza">Sabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_(camp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shati (camp)">al-Shati Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ijlin" title="Sheikh Ijlin">Sheikh Ijlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Radwan" title="Sheikh Radwan">Sheikh Radwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Hawa" title="Tel al-Hawa">Tel al-Hawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mosques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khadra_Mosque" title="Abu Khadra Mosque">Abu Khadra Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aybaki_Mosque" title="Aybaki Mosque">Aybaki Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza (Great Omari Mosque)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Marwan_Mosque" title="Ibn Marwan Mosque">Ibn Marwan Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Uthman_Mosque" title="Ibn Uthman Mosque">Ibn Uthman Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katib_al-Wilaya_Mosque" title="Katib al-Wilaya Mosque">Katib al-Wilaya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Mosque" title="Mahkamah Mosque">Mahkamah Mosque</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_al-Hashim_Mosque" title="Sayed al-Hashim Mosque">Sayed al-Hashim Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shamah_Mosque" title="Al-Shamah Mosque">Sham'ah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaykh_Zakariyya_Mosque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaykh Zakariyya Mosque (page does not exist)">Shaykh Zakariyya Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Porphyrius" title="Church of Saint Porphyrius">Saint Porphyrius Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family_Church,_Gaza" title="Holy Family Church, Gaza">Holy Family Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Baptist_Church" title="Gaza Baptist Church">Gaza Baptist Church</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic buildings and institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_synagogue" title="Gaza synagogue">Ancient Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Sammara" title="Hamam al-Sammara">Hamam al-Sammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Basha" title="Qasr al-Basha">Qasr al-Basha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Market" title="Gold Market">Qissariya Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights" title="Palestinian Centre for Human Rights">Palestinian Centre for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Archives_of_Gaza_City" title="Central Archives of Gaza City">Central Archives of Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_Cemetery" title="Gaza War Cemetery">Gaza War Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health care and education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital" title="Al-Ahli Arab Hospital">Al-Ahli Arab Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_University" title="Al-Aqsa University">Al-Aqsa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University_%E2%80%93_Gaza" title="Al-Azhar University – Gaza">Al-Azhar University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rantisi_Hospital" title="Al-Rantisi Hospital">Al-Rantisi Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Gaza" title="Islamic University of Gaza">Islamic University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital" title="Al-Shifa Hospital">Al-Shifa Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Adwan_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamal Adwan Hospital">Kamal Adwan Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_Hospital" title="Al-Awda Hospital">Al-Awda Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuhada_al-Aqsa_Hospital" title="Shuhada al-Aqsa Hospital">Shuhada al-Aqsa Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish-Palestinian_Friendship_Hospital" title="Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital">Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recreation and cultural centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bustan_resort" title="Al-Bustan resort">Al-Bustan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisan_City_tourist_village" title="Bisan City tourist village">Bisan City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Deira_Hotel" title="Al Deira Hotel">Al-Deira Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Equestrian_Club" title="Faisal Equestrian Club">Faisal Equestrian Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Mall" title="Gaza Mall">Gaza Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalusia_mall" title="Al-Andalusia mall">Al-Andalusia mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Museum_of_Archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza Museum of Archaeology">Gaza Museum of Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Stadium" title="Palestine Stadium">Palestine Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_Shawa_Cultural_Center" title="Rashad Shawa Cultural Center">Rashad Shawa Cultural Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_Club" title="Roots Club">Roots Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sadaka" title="As-Sadaka">As-Sadaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaza_YMCA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaza YMCA (page does not exist)">Gaza YMCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets and squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Orabi_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Orabi Street (page does not exist)">Ahmad Orabi Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_Ad_Din_Al_Qassam_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izz Ad Din Al Qassam Street (page does not exist)">Izz Ad Din Al Qassam Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Street" title="Jamal Abdel Nasser Street">Jamal Abdel Nasser Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Mukhtar_Street" title="Omar Mukhtar Street">Omar Mukhtar Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Square" title="Palestine Square">Palestine Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_Road" title="Salah al-Din Road">Salah al-Din Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suq_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suq Street (page does not exist)">Suq Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_Soldier%27s_Square" title="Unknown Soldier's Square">Unknown Soldier's Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehda_Street" title="Wehda Street">Wehda Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gaza_Governorate264" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gaza_Governorate" title="Template:Gaza Governorate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gaza_Governorate" title="Template talk:Gaza Governorate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gaza_Governorate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gaza Governorate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gaza_Governorate264" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Governorate" title="Gaza Governorate">Gaza Governorate</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian National Authority">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine"><img alt="Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/60px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/120px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality_(Palestinian_Authority)" title="Municipality (Palestinian Authority)">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mughraqa" title="Al-Mughraqa">al-Mughraqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahra" title="Al-Zahra">al-Zahra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Village_council_(Palestinian_Authority)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village council (Palestinian Authority)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juhor_ad-Dik" title="Juhor ad-Dik">Juhor ad-Dik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madinat_al-Awda" title="Madinat al-Awda">Madinat al-Awda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestine_refugee_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_(camp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shati (camp)">al-Shati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuseirat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuseirat">Nuseirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureij" title="Bureij">Bureij</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeological sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Moghraqa" title="Al-Moghraqa">al-Moghraqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard-al-Moharbeen_necropolis" title="Ard-al-Moharbeen necropolis">Ard-al-Moharbeen necropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blakhiya_Byzantine_cemetery" title="Blakhiya Byzantine cemetery">Blakhiya Byzantine cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taur_Ikhbeineh" title="Taur Ikhbeineh">Taur Ikhbeineh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Ajjul" title="Tell el-Ajjul">Tell el-Ajjul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sakan" title="Tell es-Sakan">Tell es-Sakan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gaza_Strip219" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-style:wrap;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Whole_Gaza_Strip" title="Template:Whole Gaza Strip"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Whole_Gaza_Strip" title="Template talk:Whole Gaza Strip"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Whole_Gaza_Strip" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Whole Gaza Strip"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gaza_Strip219" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gaza" title="History of Gaza">History of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hamas" title="History of Hamas">History of Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_massacre" title="Khan Yunis massacre">Khan Yunis massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip">Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li>see also: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Sinai_Peninsula" title="Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula">Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Gaza Subdistrict in Mandatory Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_District" title="Gaza District">Gaza District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beersheba_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Beersheba Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Beersheba Subdistrict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Sanjak" title="Jerusalem Sanjak">Jerusalem Sanjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeological_sites_destroyed_during_the_Gaza_genocide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeological sites destroyed during the Gaza genocide (page does not exist)">Archaeological sites destroyed during the Gaza genocide </a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9_%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2023" class="extiw" title="ar:مواقع أثرية دمرها القصف الإسرائيلي في حرب غزة 2023">ar</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Places in Mandatory Palestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Territory_acquired_during_Israel%27s_war_of_independence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Territory acquired during Israel's war of independence (page does not exist)">Territory acquired during Israel's war of independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Majdal_Asqalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Majdal Asqalan (page does not exist)">Al-Majdal Asqalan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ashkelon#State_of_Israel" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon § State of Israel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Suqrir" title="Arab Suqrir">Arab Suqrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara,_Gaza" title="Barbara, Gaza">Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barqa,_Gaza" title="Barqa, Gaza">Barqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batani_al-Gharbi" title="Al-Batani al-Gharbi">al-Batani al-Gharbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batani_al-Sharqi" title="Al-Batani al-Sharqi">al-Batani al-Sharqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Affa" title="Bayt 'Affa">Bayt 'Affa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Daras" title="Bayt Daras">Bayt Daras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jirja" title="Bayt Jirja">Bayt Jirja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Tima" title="Bayt Tima">Bayt Tima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bil%27in,_Gaza" title="Bil'in, Gaza">Bil'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burayr" title="Burayr">Burayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Sunayd" title="Dayr Sunayd">Dayr Sunayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimra" title="Dimra">Dimra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faluja" title="Al-Faluja">al-Faluja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamama" title="Hamama">Hamama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatta,_Gaza" title="Hatta, Gaza">Hatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiribya" title="Hiribya">Hiribya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huj,_Gaza" title="Huj, Gaza">Huj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulayqat" title="Hulayqat">Hulayqat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibdis" title="Ibdis">Ibdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_al-Manshiyya" title="Iraq al-Manshiyya">Iraq al-Manshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Suwaydan" title="Iraq Suwaydan">Iraq Suwaydan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isdud" title="Isdud">Isdud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jaladiyya" title="Al-Jaladiyya">al-Jaladiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jiyya" title="Al-Jiyya">al-Jiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julis,_Gaza" title="Julis, Gaza">Julis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jura" title="Al-Jura">al-Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jusayr" title="Jusayr">Jusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatiyya" title="Karatiyya">Karatiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawfakha" title="Kawfakha">Kawfakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawkaba" title="Kawkaba">Kawkaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisas,_Gaza" title="Al-Khisas, Gaza">al-Khisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masmiyya_al-Kabira" title="Al-Masmiyya al-Kabira">al-Masmiyya al-Kabira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masmiyya_al-Saghira" title="Al-Masmiyya al-Saghira">al-Masmiyya al-Saghira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muharraqa" title="Al-Muharraqa">al-Muharraqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najd,_Gaza" title="Najd, Gaza">Najd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%27ilya" title="Ni'ilya">Ni'ilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qastina" title="Qastina">Qastina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Gharbiyya" title="Al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya">al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Shamaliyya" title="Al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya">al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Sharqiyya" title="Al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya">al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simsim,_Gaza" title="Simsim, Gaza">Simsim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summil" title="Summil">Summil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_al-Turmus" title="Tall al-Turmus">Tall al-Turmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasur,_Gaza" title="Yasur, Gaza">Yasur</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Refugee_camps44" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shati Camp">Al-Shati</a> (Beach camp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureij" title="Bureij">Bureij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah_Camp" title="Deir al-Balah Camp">Deir al-Balah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalia_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabalia Camp">Jabalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Yunis Camp">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghazi_(camp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghazi (camp)">Maghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuseirat Camp">Nuseirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_Camp" title="Rafah Camp">Rafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Camp" title="Canada Camp">Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="List of cities in the Gaza Strip">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_Gaza_City" title="Category:Streets in Gaza City">Streets in Gaza City</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Orabi_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Orabi Street (page does not exist)">Ahmad Orabi Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_Ad_Din_Al_Qassam_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izz Ad Din Al Qassam Street (page does not exist)">Izz Ad Din Al Qassam Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Jalla_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Jalla Street (page does not exist)">Al-Jalla Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Street" title="Jamal Abdel Nasser Street">Jamal Abdel Nasser Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Mukhtar_Street" title="Omar Mukhtar Street">Omar Mukhtar Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Square" title="Palestine Square">Palestine Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_Road" title="Salah al-Din Road">Salah al-Din Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suq_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suq Street (page does not exist)">Suq Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_Soldier%27s_Square" title="Unknown Soldier's Square">Unknown Soldier's Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehda_Street" title="Wehda Street">Wehda Street</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neighborhoods_of_Gaza_City" title="Category:Neighborhoods of Gaza City">Gaza City neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judeide,_Gaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judeide, Gaza (page does not exist)">Judeide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser,_Gaza" title="Nasser, Gaza">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_City,_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City, Gaza">Old City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaytun_Quarter" title="Zaytun Quarter">Zaytun Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraj_Quarter" title="Daraj Quarter">Daraj Quarter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimal" title="Rimal">Rimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabra,_Gaza" title="Sabra, Gaza">Sabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Saha" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Saha">Al-Saha (As-Saha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Saha" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Saha">Al-Saha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_(camp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shati (camp)">al-Shati Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_refugee_camp" title="Al-Shati refugee camp">Al-Shati refugee camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ijlin" title="Sheikh Ijlin">Sheikh Ijlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Radwan" title="Sheikh Radwan">Sheikh Radwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuja%27iyya" title="Shuja'iyya">Shuja'iyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuffah" title="Tuffah">Tuffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Hawa" title="Tel al-Hawa">Tel al-Hawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turukman" title="Turukman">Turukman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitoun,_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeitoun, Gaza">Zeitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="List of cities in the Gaza Strip">Cities elsewhere in the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Suheila" title="Bani Suheila">Bani Suheila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanoun" title="Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Lahiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Lahiya">Beit Lahiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah" title="Deir al-Balah">Deir al-Balah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of the Gaza Strip">Governorates of the Gaza Strip</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Governorate" title="Gaza Governorate">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_Governorate" title="Khan Yunis Governorate">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Gaza_Governorate" title="North Gaza Governorate">North Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Gaza_Governorate" title="North Gaza Governorate">North Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah_Governorate" title="Deir al-Balah Governorate">Deir al-Balah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Gaza_Governorate" title="North Gaza Governorate">North Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_Governorate" title="Khan Yunis Governorate">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_Governorate" title="Rafah Governorate">Rafah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Sammara" title="Hamam al-Sammara">Hamam al-Sammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Basha" title="Qasr al-Basha">Qasr al-Basha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Market" title="Gold Market">Qissariya Market</a></li> <li>Ancient <a href="/wiki/Gaza_synagogue" title="Gaza synagogue">Gaza synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeological_sites_destroyed_during_the_Gaza_genocide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeological sites destroyed during the Gaza genocide (page does not exist)">Archaeological sites destroyed during the Gaza genocide </a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9_%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2023" class="extiw" title="ar:مواقع أثرية دمرها القصف الإسرائيلي في حرب غزة 2023">ar</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_Cemetery" title="Gaza War Cemetery">Gaza War Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_razing_of_cemeteries_and_necroviolence_against_Palestinians" title="Israeli razing of cemeteries and necroviolence against Palestinians">Israeli razing of cemeteries and necroviolence against Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Mosques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gaza City:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aybaki_Mosque" title="Aybaki Mosque">Aybaki Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza (Great Omari Mosque)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Marwan_Mosque" title="Ibn Marwan Mosque">Ibn Marwan Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Uthman_Mosque" title="Ibn Uthman Mosque">Ibn Uthman Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katib_al-Wilaya_Mosque" title="Katib al-Wilaya Mosque">Katib al-Wilaya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Mosque" title="Mahkamah Mosque">Mahkamah Mosque</a>† <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Maqadma_Mosque_attack" title="Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque attack">Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_al-Hashim_Mosque" title="Sayed al-Hashim Mosque">Sayed al-Hashim Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sham%27ah_Mosque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sham'ah Mosque (page does not exist)">Sham'ah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaykh_Zakariyya_Mosque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaykh Zakariyya Mosque (page does not exist)">Shaykh Zakariyya Mosque</a></li> <li>elsewhere:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khadra_Mosque" title="Abu Khadra Mosque">Abu Khadra Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aybaki_Mosque" title="Aybaki Mosque">Aybaki Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Marwan_Mosque" title="Ibn Marwan Mosque">Ibn Marwan Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Uthman_Mosque" title="Ibn Uthman Mosque">Ibn Uthman Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katib_al-Wilaya_Mosque" title="Katib al-Wilaya Mosque">Katib al-Wilaya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_al-Hashim_Mosque" title="Sayed al-Hashim Mosque">Sayed al-Hashim Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shamah_Mosque" title="Al-Shamah Mosque">Al-Shamah Mosque</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Nasr_Mosque" title="Umm al-Nasr Mosque">Umm al-Nasr Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gaza City:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Porphyrius" title="Church of Saint Porphyrius">Saint Porphyrius Orthodox Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Porphyrius_airstrike" title="Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike">Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family_Church,_Gaza" title="Holy Family Church, Gaza">Holy Family Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Baptist_Church" title="Gaza Baptist Church">Gaza Baptist Church</a>†</li> <li>elsewhere in the Gaza Strip:</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a> (destroyed in 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights" title="Palestinian Centre for Human Rights">Palestinian Centre for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Mezan_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Al Mezan Center for Human Rights">Al Mezan Center for Human Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Police and courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip">Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_punishment_in_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capital punishment in Palestine (page does not exist)">Capital punishment in Palestine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiq_al-Mabhouh" class="mw-redirect" title="Faiq al-Mabhouh">Faiq al-Mabhouh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police in the Israel–Hamas war (page does not exist)">Police in the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_breakdown_in_the_Gaza_Strip_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Societal breakdown in the Gaza Strip during the Israel–Hamas war">Societal breakdown in the Gaza Strip during the Israel–Hamas war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Economy of the Gaza Strip">Economy of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation in Palestine">Taxation in Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Gaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Gaza (page does not exist)">Education in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UNWRA_schools&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNWRA schools (page does not exist)">UNWRA schools</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_schools_in_the_Gaza_Strip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian schools in the Gaza Strip (page does not exist)">Christian schools</a></li> <li>Gaza City:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University_%E2%80%93_Gaza" title="Al-Azhar University – Gaza">Al-Azhar University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Gaza" title="Islamic University of Gaza">Islamic University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_University" title="Al-Aqsa University">Al-Aqsa University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_al-Balah_Municipality_Public_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deir al-Balah Municipality Public Library (page does not exist)">Deir al-Balah Municipality Public Library</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:مكتبة بلدية دير البلح العامة">ar</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaza_Municipality_Public_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaza Municipality Public Library (page does not exist)">Gaza Municipality Public Library</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:مكتبة بلدية غزة العامة">ar</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_Yunis_Municipality_Public_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khan Yunis Municipality Public Library (page does not exist)">Khan Yunis Municipality Public Library</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:مكتبة بلدية خان يونس العامة">ar</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafah_Municipality_Public_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rafah Municipality Public Library (page does not exist)">Rafah Municipality Public Library</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:مكتبة بلدية رفح العامة">ar</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samir_Mansour_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samir Mansour Library (page does not exist)">Samir Mansour Library</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:مكتبة سمير منصور (غزة)">ar</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Health care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Ministry_of_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza Ministry of Health">Gaza Ministry of Health</a></li> <li>Gaza City:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital" title="Al-Ahli Arab Hospital">Al-Ahli Arab Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Hospital">Al-Aqsa Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rantisi_Hospital" title="Al-Rantisi Hospital">Al-Rantisi Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital" title="Al-Shifa Hospital">Al-Shifa Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Adwan_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamal Adwan Hospital">Kamal Adwan Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_Hospital" title="Al-Awda Hospital">Al-Awda Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish-Palestinian_Friendship_Hospital" title="Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital">Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Gaza_Strip_polio_epidemic" title="2024 Gaza Strip polio epidemic">2024 Gaza Strip polio epidemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Recreation and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gaza City <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Museum_of_Archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza Museum of Archaeology">Gaza Museum of Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bustan_resort" title="Al-Bustan resort">Al-Bustan resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisan_City_tourist_village" title="Bisan City tourist village">Bisan City tourist village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Deira_Hotel" title="Al Deira Hotel">Al Deira Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Equestrian_Club" title="Faisal Equestrian Club">Faisal Equestrian Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Mall" title="Gaza Mall">Gaza Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalusia_mall" title="Al-Andalusia mall">Al-Andalusia mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Stadium" title="Palestine Stadium">Palestine Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_Shawa_Cultural_Center" title="Rashad Shawa Cultural Center">Rashad Shawa Cultural Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_Club" title="Roots Club">Roots Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sadaka" title="As-Sadaka">As-Sadaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaza_YMCA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaza YMCA (page does not exist)">Gaza YMCA</a></li> <li>Gaza Strip</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Transport and trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat_International_Airport" title="Yasser Arafat International Airport">Yasser Arafat International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Gaza" title="Port of Gaza">Port of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza-Israel_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza-Israel barrier">Gaza-Israel barrier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erez_crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Erez crossing">Erez crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerem_Shalom_crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerem Shalom crossing">Kerem Shalom crossing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt-Palestine_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt-Palestine relations">Egypt-Palestine relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafah crossing">Rafah crossing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Blockade of the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_smuggling_tunnels" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza smuggling tunnels">Gaza smuggling tunnels</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadi Gaza">Wadi Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Environmental impact of the Gaza war">Environmental impact of the Gaza war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Occupation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gush_Katif" title="Gush Katif">Gush Katif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza Strip">Israeli unilateral disengagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip">Israeli occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">2023 Israeli invasion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netzarim_Corridor" title="Netzarim Corridor">Netzarim Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphi_Corridor" title="Philadelphi Corridor">Philadelphi Corridor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Visitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Corrie" title="Rachel Corrie">Rachel Corrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Freedom_Flotilla" title="Gaza Freedom Flotilla">Gaza Freedom Flotilla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid" title="Gaza flotilla raid">Gaza flotilla raid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Loewenstein" title="Antony Loewenstein">Antony Loewenstein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walkley_Book_Award#The_Palestine_Laboratory" title="Walkley Book Award">Walkley Book Award #The Palestine Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen_aid_convoy_attack" title="World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack">World Central Kitchen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_clans" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian clans">Palestinian clans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doghmush_clan" title="Doghmush clan">Doghmush clan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gaza_City" title="History of the Jews in Gaza City">History of the Jews in Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlers" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlers">Israeli settlers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip">Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_resettlement_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip">Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Gaza Strip">LGBT rights in the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Haq">Al Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qaws" title="Al Qaws">Al Qaws</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Births</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1985</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Moor" title="Ahmed Moor">Ahmed Moor</a></li> <li>1997</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouzan_al-Najjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouzan al-Najjar">Rouzan al-Najjar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2003</li> <li>March</li> <li>16</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Corrie#Death" title="Rachel Corrie">Rachel Corrie § Death</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MV_Rachel_Corrie" title="MV Rachel Corrie">MV Rachel Corrie</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009</li> <li>January</li> <li>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitoun_killings" title="Zeitoun killings">Zeitoun killings</a></li> <li>16</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shurrab_family" title="Shurrab family">Shurrab family</a></li> <li>2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dalu_family_killing" title="Al-Dalu family killing">Al-Dalu family (12) </a></li> <li>2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deif_family_killings" title="Deif family killings">Deif and Al Dalu families (3 + 3) </a></li> <li>2018</li> <li>June</li> <li>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rouzan_al-Najjar" title="Killing of Rouzan al-Najjar">Killing of Rouzan al-Najjar</a></li> <li>2023</li> <li>October</li> <li>7</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Qouta_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Qouta family (page does not exist)">Abu Qouta family</a></li> <li>November</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_the_Bibas_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidnapping of the Bibas family">Bibas family (unconfirmed) </a></li> <li>December</li> <li>15</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samer_Abu_Daqqa" title="Samer Abu Daqqa">Samer Abu Daqqa</a></li> <li>16</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nahida_and_Samar_Anton" title="Killing of Nahida and Samar Anton">Nahida and Samar Anton</a></li> <li>2024</li> <li>January</li> <li>29</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Hind_Rajab" title="Killing of Hind Rajab">Hind Rajab and the Hamadeh family (9) </a></li> <li>July</li> <li>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Bhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Bhar">Mohammad Bhar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-style:wrap;"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Gaza_Strip" title="Category:Gaza Strip">Category:Gaza Strip</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine289" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Template:Cities administered by the State of Palestine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Template talk:Cities administered by the State of Palestine"><abbr 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href="/wiki/Arraba,_Jenin" title="Arraba, Jenin">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Na%27im" title="Bani Na'im">Bani Na'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Sahour" title="Beit Sahour">Beit Sahour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jala" title="Beit Jala">Beit Jala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Ummar" title="Beit Ummar">Beit Ummar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitunia" title="Beitunia">Beitunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bireh" title="Al-Bireh">al-Bireh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dhahiriya" title="Ad-Dhahiriya">ad-Dhahiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dura,_Hebron" title="Dura, Hebron">Dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Eizariya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Eizariya">al-Eizariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halhul" title="Halhul">Halhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idna" title="Idna">Idna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabatiya" title="Qabatiya">Qabatiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalqilya" title="Qalqilya">Qalqilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawabi" title="Rawabi">Rawabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ir" title="Sa'ir">Sa'ir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salfit" title="Salfit">Salfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Samu" title="As-Samu">as-Samu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarqumiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarqumiya">Tarqumiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubas_(city)" title="Tubas (city)">Tubas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27bad" title="Ya'bad">Ya'bad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yamun" title="Al-Yamun">al-Yamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatta,_Hebron" title="Yatta, Hebron">Yatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abasan_al-Kabira" title="Abasan al-Kabira">Abasan al-Kabira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Suheila" title="Bani Suheila">Bani Suheila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanoun" title="Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Lahia" title="Beit Lahia">Beit Lahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah" title="Deir al-Balah">Deir al-Balah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az-Zawayda" title="Az-Zawayda">az-Zawayda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>*From 14 June 2007, the Gaza Strip has been under de facto <a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Hamas governance</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_states_and_regions_in_the_history_of_the_Levant204" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_states_and_regions_of_the_Levant" title="Template:Ancient states and regions of the Levant"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_states_and_regions_of_the_Levant" title="Template talk:Ancient states and regions of the Levant"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_states_and_regions_of_the_Levant" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient states and regions of the Levant"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_states_and_regions_in_the_history_of_the_Levant204" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ancient states and regions in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_ancient_Levant" title="History of the ancient Levant">history</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Copper_Age_state_societies" title="Copper Age state societies">Copper Age</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kish_civilization" title="Kish civilization">Kish civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Halaf" title="Tell Halaf">Tell Halaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagar_Bazar" title="Chagar Bazar">Chagar Bazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamoukar" title="Hamoukar">Hamoukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">Ebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urkesh" title="Urkesh">Urkesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashiya" title="Alashiya">Alashiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorite states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alalakh" title="Alalakh">Alalakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amurru_kingdom" title="Amurru kingdom">Amurru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andarig" title="Andarig">Andarig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apum" title="Apum">Apum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Babylonian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="First Babylonian Empire">First Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebla#Third_kingdom" title="Ebla">Third Ebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekallatum" title="Ekallatum">Ekallatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emar" title="Emar">Emar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurda" title="Kurda">Kurda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria#The_third_kingdom" title="Mari, Syria">Third Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alalakh" title="Alalakh">Mukish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatna" title="Qatna">Qatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_eth-Thadeyn" title="Tell eth-Thadeyn">Shaddai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Taban" title="Tell Taban">Ṭābetu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Leilan#Shubat-Enlil" title="Tell Leilan">Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamhad" title="Yamhad">Yamhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahiran" title="Zahiran">Zahiran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amqu" title="Amqu">Amqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram_(region)" title="Aram (region)">Aram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barga_(kingdom)" title="Barga (kingdom)">Barga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite city-states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ascalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Ashtara" title="Tell Ashtara">Aštartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gaza#Bronze_Age" title="History of Gaza">Azzati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashan" title="Bashan">Bashan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hauran" title="Hauran">Hauran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut#History" title="Beirut">Beruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Gebal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus#Late_Bronze" title="Damascus">Dimasqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezer" title="Gezer">Gezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibeon_(ancient_city)" title="Gibeon (ancient city)">Gibeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hazor" title="Tel Hazor">Hazor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamla" title="Gamla">Gamla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masada" title="Masada">Masada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem" title="History of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenites" title="Kenites">Kenites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamid_el-Loz" title="Kamid el-Loz">Kumidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Lachish" title="Tel Lachish">Lakisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midian" title="Midian">Midian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadesh_(Syria)" title="Kadesh (Syria)">Qadesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechem#Bronze_Age" title="Shechem">Shechem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carchemish" title="Carchemish">Carchemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrians" title="Hurrians">Hurrians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urshu" title="Urshu">Urshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuha%C5%A1%C5%A1e" title="Nuhašše">Nuhašše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitanni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Hadidi" title="Tell Hadidi">Tell Hadidi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naziba" title="Naziba">Naziba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niya_Kingdom" title="Niya Kingdom">Niya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ib%27al" title="Ib'al">Ib'al Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eblaite_language" title="Eblaite language">Paleo-Syrian states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armi_(Syria)" title="Armi (Syria)">Armi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Aleppo" title="Ancient Aleppo">Aleppo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armanum" title="Armanum">Armanum</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tall_Bazi" title="Tall Bazi">Tall Bazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">Ebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emar" title="Emar">Emar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khana" title="Kingdom of Khana">Ḫana</a>/<a href="/wiki/Terqa" title="Terqa">Terqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Brak" title="Tell Brak">Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuttul" title="Tuttul">Tuttul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhum" title="Suhum">Suhum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BFApiru" title="ʿApiru">ʿApiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlamu" title="Ahlamu">Aḫlamū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suteans" title="Suteans">Suteans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amqu" title="Amqu">Amqu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BFApiru" title="ʿApiru">ʿApiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasu" title="Shasu">Shasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutu" title="Shutu">Shutu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Tadmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunip" title="Tunip">Tunip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upu" title="Upu">Upu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuha%C5%A1%C5%A1e" title="Nuhašše">Nuhašše</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niya_Kingdom" title="Niya Kingdom">Niya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arameans" title="Arameans">Aramaean states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aram-Damascus" title="Aram-Damascus">Aram-Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram_Rehob" title="Aram Rehob">Aram Rehob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit-Adini" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit-Adini">Bit-Adini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_Agusi" title="Bit Agusi">Bit Agusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_Bahiani" title="Bit Bahiani">Bit Bahiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geshur" title="Geshur">Geshur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Hama, Syria">Hamath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%27al" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam'al">Sam'al</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zobah" title="Zobah">Zobah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Israel (Samaria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">Israel (united)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistia" title="Philistia">Philistia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashdod_(ancient_city)" title="Ashdod (ancient city)">Ashdod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ascalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekron" title="Ekron">Ekron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gath</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit">Amrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Gebal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartus" title="Tartus">Tartus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> - <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commagene" title="Commagene">Commagene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emesene_dynasty" title="Emesene dynasty">Emesene Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghassanids" title="Ghassanids">Ghassanid Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodian_kingdom" title="Herodian kingdom">Herodian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodian_Tetrarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodian Tetrarchy">Herodian Tetrarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iturea" title="Iturea">Iturea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom" title="Nabataean Kingdom">Nabataean Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osroene" title="Osroene">Osroene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_Empire" title="Palmyrene Empire">Palmyrene Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanukhids" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanukhids">Tanukhid confederacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarna_letters" title="Amarna letters">Amarna letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_and_Aramaic_inscriptions" title="Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions">Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47492#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4194" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47492#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4194" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47492#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/172118331">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127865000">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/170110853">3</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4446163159960401640006">4</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1220855/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJr7TDBr36vPdKkYtc3hHC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4092680-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82091876">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb151828440">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119495080">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb151828440">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119495080">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX6226665">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552717505171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687902">Pleiades</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02745858X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/gazze">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaza_City&oldid=1282042077">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaza_City&oldid=1282042077</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gaza_Governorate" 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