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standard score</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: manipulative standard score"> <meta name="keywords" content="manipulative standard score"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="manipulative standard score"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6762</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: manipulative standard score</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6762</span> Level of Gross Motor Development and Age Equivalents of Children 9 Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masri%20Baharom">Masri Baharom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the study is to identify the age group of children 9 who have experienced delays in gross motor development. Instrument used in this study is Test Gross Motor Development / TGMD-2 (Ulrich, 2000) which was adopted at the international level. Gross motor development data were obtained by video recording (Sony (DRC-SR42 with a 40x optical zoom capability, and software Ultimate Studio 14) on locomotor and manipulative skills. A total n = 192 persons, children of 9 years (9.30 ± .431) at Sekolah Kebangsaan Mutiara Perdana, Bayan Lepas, Penang were involved as subjects. Children age 9 years experienced delays AELS (4.61 ± .69), AEMS (5:52 ± .62) and GMDQ (7.26 ± .2.14). The findings based on descriptive rating indicated that the performance of children age 9 years acquired low levels of AELS, MSS, AEMS and very low in LSS and GMDS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gross%20motor%20development%20score" title="gross motor development score">gross motor development score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locomotor%20standard%20score" title=" locomotor standard score"> locomotor standard score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20equivalent%20locomotor%20score" title=" age equivalent locomotor score"> age equivalent locomotor score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manipulative%20standard%20score" title=" manipulative standard score"> manipulative standard score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20equivalent%20manipulative%20score" title=" age equivalent manipulative score"> age equivalent manipulative score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3902/level-of-gross-motor-development-and-age-equivalents-of-children-9-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6761</span> Level Of Gross Motor Development And Age Equivalents Of 9-Year-Old Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Hashim">Ahmad Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masri%20Baharom"> Masri Baharom </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the study is to identify the age group of children 9 who have experienced delays in gross motor development. Instrument used in this study is Test Gross Motor Development / TGMD-2 (Ulrich, 2000) which was adopted at the international level. Gross motor development data were obtained by video recording (Sony (DRC-SR42 with a 40x optical zoom capability, and software Ultimate Studio 14) on locomotor and manipulative skills. A total n = 192 persons, children of 9 years (9.30 ± .431) at Sekolah Kebangsaan Mutiara Perdana, Bayan Lepas, Penang were involved as subjects. Children age 9 years experienced delays AELS (4.61 ± .69), AEMS (5:52 ± .62) and GMDQ (7.26 ± .2.14). The findings based on descriptive rating indicated that the performance of children age 9 years acquired low levels of AELS, MSS, AEMS and very low in LSS and GMDS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gross%20motor%20development%20score" title="gross motor development score">gross motor development score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locomotor%20standard%20score" title=" locomotor standard score"> locomotor standard score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20equivalent%20locomotor%20score" title=" age equivalent locomotor score"> age equivalent locomotor score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manipulative%20standard%20score" title=" manipulative standard score"> manipulative standard score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20equivalent%20manipulative%20score" title=" age equivalent manipulative score"> age equivalent manipulative score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3428/level-of-gross-motor-development-and-age-equivalents-of-9-year-old-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6760</span> Speech Impact Realization via Manipulative Argumentation Techniques in Modern American Political Discourse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarine%20Avetisyan">Zarine Avetisyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paper presents the discussion of scholars concerning speech impact, peculiarities of its realization, speech strategies, and techniques. Departing from the viewpoints of many prominent linguists, the paper suggests manipulative argumentation be viewed as a most pervasive speech strategy with a certain set of techniques which are to be found in modern American political discourse. The precedence of their occurrence allows us to regard them as pragmatic patterns of speech impact realization in effective public speaking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20impact" title="speech impact">speech impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manipulative%20argumentation" title=" manipulative argumentation"> manipulative argumentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20discourse" title=" political discourse"> political discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technique" title=" technique"> technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31058/speech-impact-realization-via-manipulative-argumentation-techniques-in-modern-american-political-discourse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6759</span> Health-Related QOL of Motorists with Spinal Cord Injury in Japan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroaki%20Hirose">Hiroaki Hirose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Ikeda"> Hiroshi Ikeda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isao%20Takeda"> Isao Takeda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Japanese version of the SF-36 has been employed to assess individuals’ health-related QOL (HRQOL). This study aimed to clarify the HRQOL of motorists with a spinal cord injury, in order to compare these individuals' SF-36 scores and national standard values. A total of 100 motorists with a spinal cord injury participated in this study. Participants’ HRQOL was evaluated using the Japanese version of the SF-36 (second edition). The score for each subscale was standardized based on data on the Japanese population. The average scores for NPF, NRP, NBP, NGH, NVT, NSF, NRE, and NMH were 10.9, 41.8, 45.9, 47.1, 46.1, 46.7, 46.0, and 47.4 points, respectively. Subjects showed significantly lower scores for NPF and NRP compared with national standard values, which were both ≤ 45.0 points, but relatively normal scores for the other items: NBP, NGH, NVT, NSF, NRE and NMH (> 45.0 points). The average scores for PCS, MCS and RCS were 21.9, 56.0, and 50.0 points, respectively. Subjects showed a significantly lower PCS score (≤ 20.0 points); however, the MCS score was higher (> 55.0 points) along with a relatively normal RCS score in these individuals (= 50.0 points). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health-related%20QOL" title="health-related QOL">health-related QOL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HRQOL" title=" HRQOL"> HRQOL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SF-36" title=" SF-36"> SF-36</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motorist" title=" motorist"> motorist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinal%20cord%20injury" title=" spinal cord injury"> spinal cord injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japan" title=" Japan"> Japan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34304/health-related-qol-of-motorists-with-spinal-cord-injury-in-japan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6758</span> The New Propensity Score Method and Assessment of Propensity Score: A Simulation Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Najafkouchak">Azam Najafkouchak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Todem"> David Todem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorothy%20Pathak"> Dorothy Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pramod%20Pathak"> Pramod Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Gardiner"> Joseph Gardiner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Propensity score (PS) methods have recently become the standard analysis tool for causal inference in observational studies where exposure is not randomly assigned. Thus, confounding can impact the estimation of treatment effect on the outcome. Due to the dangers of discretizing continuous variables, the focus of this paper will be on how the variation in cut-points or boundaries will affect the average treatment effect utilizing the stratification of the PS method. In this study, we will develop a new methodology to improve the efficiency of the PS analysis through stratification and simulation study. We will also explore the property of empirical distribution of average treatment effect theoretically, including asymptotic distribution, variance estimation and 95% confident Intervals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score" title="propensity score">propensity score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stratification" title=" stratification"> stratification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emprical%20distribution" title=" emprical distribution"> emprical distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20treatment%20effect" title=" average treatment effect"> average treatment effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152772/the-new-propensity-score-method-and-assessment-of-propensity-score-a-simulation-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6757</span> Effect of the Birth Order and Arrival of Younger Siblings on the Development of a Child: Evidence from India </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Srivastava">Swati Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Kumar%20Upadhyay"> Ashish Kumar Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using longitudinal data from three waves of Young Lives Study and Ordinary Least Square methods, study has investigated the effect of birth order and arrival of younger siblings on child development in India. Study used child’s height for age z-score, weight for age z-score, BMI for age z-score, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-Score)c, maths score, Early Grade Reading Assessment Test (ERGA) score, and memory score to measure the physical and cognitive development of child during wave-3. Findings suggest that having a high birth order is detrimental for child development and the gap between adjacent siblings is larger for children late in the birth sequences than early in the birth sequences. Study also reported that not only older siblings but arrival of younger siblings before assessment of test also reduces the development of a child. The effects become stronger in case of female children than male children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height%20for%20age%20z-score" title="height for age z-score">height for age z-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20for%20age%20z-score" title=" weight for age z-score"> weight for age z-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BMI%20for%20z-score" title=" BMI for z-score"> BMI for z-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PPVT%20score" title=" PPVT score"> PPVT score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=math%20score" title=" math score"> math score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EGRA%20score" title=" EGRA score"> EGRA score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory%20score" title=" memory score"> memory score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birth%20order" title=" birth order"> birth order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=siblings" title=" siblings"> siblings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Lives%20Study" title=" Young Lives Study"> Young Lives Study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40686/effect-of-the-birth-order-and-arrival-of-younger-siblings-on-the-development-of-a-child-evidence-from-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6756</span> Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Medical Ethics amongst Paediatric Surgeons and Trainees in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salehah%20Tahkin">Salehah Tahkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norlaila%20Mustafa"> Norlaila Mustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dayang%20Anita%20Abdul%20Aziz"> Dayang Anita Abdul Aziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge of medical ethics is important to all practitioners so the best care can be delivered to all patients through safe practice. Surgeons are not exceptions to this. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of medical ethics among paediatric surgeons and trainees in Malaysia has not been evaluated before. This study aims to determine the level of KAP regarding medical ethics among these groups. This was a cross-sectional study involving three groups of samples, i.e., paediatric surgeons (PS), paediatric surgical trainees (PST), and medical officers with a special interest in paediatric surgery (MO). A validated KAP questionnaire was used. Standard formulas were used to calculate objective indexes for measuring KAP, which were then compared for statistical significance across different sample groups; p less than 0.05 is taken as significant. The index is rated into 5 classes using a score of 0 to 10, i.e., poor (1-2.99), fair (3-4.99), good (5-6.99), very good (7-8.99), and excellent (9-10). There were 117 samples, i.e., PS n=45 (38.5%), PST n=25 (21.3%), and MO n=47 (40.2%). For knowledge, all three groups display a good index score (mean score of 5.44). For attitude, PS and MO also display an index score of good (mean score of 5.81), while the PST index score was fair (4.82). For practice, our study shows a highest score of 7.14 (very good) among PST. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Training in paediatric surgery must continue to emphasize professionalism and medical ethics education to deliver the best health care services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KAP" title="KAP">KAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20ethics" title=" medical ethics"> medical ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paediatric" title=" paediatric"> paediatric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgeons" title=" surgeons"> surgeons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trainees" title=" trainees"> trainees</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183494/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-of-medical-ethics-amongst-paediatric-surgeons-and-trainees-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6755</span> Manipulative Figurative Linguistic Violence of Contemporary National Anthems: A Socio-Cognitive Critical Discourse Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samson%20Olasunkanmi%20Oluga">Samson Olasunkanmi Oluga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teh%20Chee%20Send"> Teh Chee Send</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerard%20Sagaya%20Raj%20Rajo"> Gerard Sagaya Raj Rajo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is ironical that the national anthems of many nations that are in the forefront of the global condemnation of violence of all forms have portions or expressions that propagate various forms of linguistic violence which advocate attacking opponents, going to war, shedding blood and sacrificing lives. These diametrically contradict contemporary yearnings for global tranquility and the ideals of the United Nations established for the maintenance of international peace and harmony aimed at making the world a safe haven for all and sundry. The linguistic violence of many national anthems is manipulatively constructed /presented via the instrumentality of the figurative or rhetorical language. This helps to linguistically embellish the violent ideas communicated and makes them sound somehow better or logical to the target audience with the intention of cognitively manipulating them to accept or rationalize such violent ideas. This paper, therefore, presents the outcome of a linguistic exploration/examination of national anthems which reveals elements or cases manipulative figurative linguistic violence in the anthems of twenty-one (21) nations. The paper details a Socio-Cognitive Critical Discourse Analysis of the manipulative figures of comparison, contrast, indirectness, association and sound used to convey the linguistic violence of the identified national anthems. Finally, the paper advocates the need for linguistic overhaul of affected anthems so that the language of anthems which epitomize nations can be pacific and in tandem with contemporary global trends. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20anthems" title="national anthems">national anthems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20violence" title=" linguistic violence"> linguistic violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=figurative%20language" title=" figurative language"> figurative language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive" title=" cognitive"> cognitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manipulation" title=" manipulation"> manipulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDA" title=" CDA "> CDA </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37767/manipulative-figurative-linguistic-violence-of-contemporary-national-anthems-a-socio-cognitive-critical-discourse-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6754</span> Education Quality Assurance Administration of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nopadol%20Burananuth">Nopadol Burananuth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tawatpupisit%20Pattaradapa"> Tawatpupisit Pattaradapa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research is to study opinion of staff responsible for Quality Assurance. Research sample is 50 staff at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University related to Quality Assurance works from each faculty and organization within the university. Data were analyzed using the computer program. The statistics used in data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results reveal that most of the respondents were female, 92%, aged between 31-40 years, 44%. Most of them have been working on Quality Assurance for 1-3 years, 44%. The staff opinion survey showed that the operation received the highest score. In terms of Planning, committee appointment and job descriptions received the highest mean score. For Checking, acknowledging the results and reviewing quality in education received the highest mean score. For Acting, participating in the meeting in order to revise approach to Quality Assurance received the highest mean score. For Doing, planning an internal quality assurance by assigning period, budget and responsibilities received the highest mean score. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20quality%20assurance" title="education quality assurance">education quality assurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=administration" title=" administration"> administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staff" title=" staff"> staff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suan%20Sunandha%20Rajabhat%20University" title=" Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University"> Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11802/education-quality-assurance-administration-of-suan-sunandha-rajabhat-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6753</span> Traffic Safety and Risk Assessment Model by Analysis of Questionnaire Survey: A Case Study of S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhijitsinh%20Gohil">Abhijitsinh Gohil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaushal%20Wadhvaniya"> Kaushal Wadhvaniya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuldipsinh%20Jadeja"> Kuldipsinh Jadeja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road Safety is a multi-sectoral and multi-dimensional issue. An effective model can assess the risk associated with highway safety. A questionnaire survey is very essential to identify the events or activities which are causing unsafe condition for traffic on an urban highway. A questionnaire of standard questions including vehicular, human and infrastructure characteristics can be made. Responses from the age wise group of road users can be taken on field. Each question or an event holds a specific risk weightage, which contributes in creating an inappropriate and unsafe flow of traffic. The probability of occurrence of an event can be calculated from the data collected from the road users. Finally, the risk score can be calculated by considering the risk factor and the probability of occurrence of individual event and addition of all risk score for the individual event will give the total risk score of a particular road. Standards for risk score can be made and total risk score can be compared with the standards. Thus road can be categorized based on risk associated and traffic safety on it. With this model, one can assess the need for traffic safety improvement on a given road, and qualitative data can be analysed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20of%20occurrence" title="probability of occurrence">probability of occurrence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factor" title=" risk factor"> risk factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20score" title=" risk score"> risk score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72400/traffic-safety-and-risk-assessment-model-by-analysis-of-questionnaire-survey-a-case-study-of-s-g-highway-ahmedabad-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6752</span> Comparing of Compete Motivation between Young and Adult Elite Volleyball Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Hamidi">Hassan Hamidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fereshteh%20Zarei"> Fereshteh Zarei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we compared amount of compete motivation between young and adult volleyball players. Compete motivation has three sections: success achieves score, defeat avoiding score and ability score. For measuring motivation, we used sports attitude inventory of Willis and Layne. The statistical population was elite's men volleyball players in range of young and adult and the study subjects were randomly selected from participant teams in volleyball professional league. In total, 65 adult and 75 young were selected. For collecting the required information, the research inventories were distributed in practice's locations and then were collected after being completed by players. For analyzing the data, we used descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation and frequency tables. We also used conceptual statistics such as independent sample t-student and Pierson correlation. The results showed a significant difference between young and adult volleyball players in success achieve score and ability score. However, there was no significant difference between young and adult volleyball players in defeat avoiding score and compete motivation. In addition, there was not significant relationship between the length of activities and motivations' sections in adult and young volleyball player. The application of this study to other sports will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compete%20motivation" title="compete motivation">compete motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volleyball%20player" title=" volleyball player"> volleyball player</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20psychology" title=" sport psychology "> sport psychology </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32872/comparing-of-compete-motivation-between-young-and-adult-elite-volleyball-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6751</span> Image Captioning with Vision-Language Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Promise%20Ekpo%20Osaine">Promise Ekpo Osaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Melesse"> Daniel Melesse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Image captioning is an active area of research in the multi-modal artificial intelligence (AI) community as it connects vision and language understanding, especially in settings where it is required that a model understands the content shown in an image and generates semantically and grammatically correct descriptions. In this project, we followed a standard approach to a deep learning-based image captioning model, injecting architecture for the encoder-decoder setup, where the encoder extracts image features, and the decoder generates a sequence of words that represents the image content. As such, we investigated image encoders, which are ResNet101, InceptionResNetV2, EfficientNetB7, EfficientNetV2M, and CLIP. As a caption generation structure, we explored long short-term memory (LSTM). The CLIP-LSTM model demonstrated superior performance compared to the encoder-decoder models, achieving a BLEU-1 score of 0.904 and a BLEU-4 score of 0.640. Additionally, among the CNN-LSTM models, EfficientNetV2M-LSTM exhibited the highest performance with a BLEU-1 score of 0.896 and a BLEU-4 score of 0.586 while using a single-layer LSTM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-modal%20AI%20systems" title="multi-modal AI systems">multi-modal AI systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20captioning" title=" image captioning"> image captioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encoder" title=" encoder"> encoder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decoder" title=" decoder"> decoder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLUE%20score" title=" BLUE score"> BLUE score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181849/image-captioning-with-vision-language-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6750</span> The Level of Administrative Creativity and Its Obstacles From the Point of View of Workers in Youth Centers in Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basheer%20Ahmad%20Al-Alwan">Basheer Ahmad Al-Alwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to assess the extent of administrative creativity and identify its barriers from the perspective of employees working in youth centers in Jordan. The sample comprised 156 individuals employed in youth centers within the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Data collection involved the utilization of two measures: the administrative creativity scale and the obstacles to administrative work scale. Correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted. The findings revealed a high level of administrative creativity, as indicated by a mean score of 3.82 and a standard deviation of 0.51. Furthermore, statistically significant gender-based differences in administrative creativity were observed, favoring males, with a mean score of 3.32 for males compared to 2.91 for females. The results also demonstrated statistically significant differences in the level of administrative creativity based on experience, with the highest mean score observed for individuals with 5 to less than 10 years of experience. Regarding the obstacles to administrative creativity, the findings revealed an average level, with a mean score of 2.86 and a standard deviation of 0.791. Based on these results, the study recommends the promotion of a culture of creativity among employees and the provision of a broader scope of authority to foster an environment conducive to administrative creativity. Additionally, it suggests offering training courses encompassing the annual plan for these centers and minimizing obstacles that hinder the creative process among employees in Jordanian youth centers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=administrative%20creativity" title="administrative creativity">administrative creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstacles" title=" obstacles"> obstacles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%20in%20youth%20centers" title=" workers in youth centers"> workers in youth centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan" title=" Jordan"> Jordan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174224/the-level-of-administrative-creativity-and-its-obstacles-from-the-point-of-view-of-workers-in-youth-centers-in-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6749</span> The Use of Mobile Applications for Language Learning in 21st-Century Teacher Education for Sustainable Development in Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carol%20C.%20Opara">Carol C. Opara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olukemi%20E.%20Adetuyi-Olu-Francis"> Olukemi E. Adetuyi-Olu-Francis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need for ICT in Teacher Education due to the nature of 21st-century learners who are computer citizens is essential. The recent increase in the use of Mobile phones has equally revealed the importance of Mobile Applications for learning purposes. However, teacher-trainees and the trainers need to be well-grounded in basic ICT skills for an appropriate outcome. This study seeks to assess the use of Mobile Applications for language learning in Teacher Education teaching-learning process. A 22-item e-questionnaire was used to elicit information from teacher-trainers and teachers-trainees from Faculties of Education in Nigerian Universities. Major findings of this study include: That teacher-education sector is not adequately prepared for manipulative use of ICT and Mobile Applications for teaching and learning process; etc. It was recommended among others that, teacher-trainers should be trained and re-trained on the manipulative use of Mobile devices and the several applications for teaching-learning purpose, especially language education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20and%20communications%20technology" title="information and communications technology">information and communications technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning" title=" language learning"> language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20application" title=" mobile application"> mobile application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20education" title=" teacher education"> teacher education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113038/the-use-of-mobile-applications-for-language-learning-in-21st-century-teacher-education-for-sustainable-development-in-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6748</span> Evaluation of the Irritation Potential of Three Topical Formulations of Minoxidil 2% Using Patch Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sule%20Pallavi">Sule Pallavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Priyank"> Shah Priyank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thavkar%20Amit"> Thavkar Amit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohira%20Poonam"> Rohira Poonam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehta%20Suyog"> Mehta Suyog</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Minoxidil has been used topically for a long time to assist hair growth in the management of male androgenetic alopecia. The aim of this study was a comparative assessment of the irritation potential of three commercial formulations of minoxidil 2% topical solution in a human patch test. Methodology: The study was a non-randomized, double-blind, controlled, single-center study of 56 healthy adult Indian subjects. A 24-hour occlusive patch test was conducted with three formulations of minoxidil 2% topical solution. Products tested were aqueous-based minoxidil 2% (AnasureTM 2%, Sun Pharma, India – Brand A), alcohol-based minoxidil 2% (Brand B) and aqueous-based minoxidil 2% (Brand C). Isotonic saline 0.9% and 1% w/w sodium lauryl sulphate as a negative and positive control, respectively, were included. Patches were applied on the back, followed by removal after 24 hours. The Draize scale (0-4 points scale for erythema/dryness/wrinkles and for oedema) was used to evaluate and clinically score the skin reaction under constant artificial daylight 24 hours after the removal of the patches. The patch test was based on the principles outlined by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (IS 4011:2018; Methods of Test for safety evaluation of Cosmetics-3rd revision). A mean combined score up to 2.0/8.0 indicates that a product is “non-irritant,” and a score between 2.0/8.0 and 4.0/8.0 indicates “mildly irritant” and a score above 4.0/8.0 indicates “irritant”. In case of any skin reaction that was observed, a follow-up was planned after one week to confirm recovery. Results: The 56 subjects who participated in the study had a mean age of 28.7 years (28 males and 28 females). The combined mean score ± standard deviation was: 0.09 ± 0.29 (Brand A), 0.29± 0.53 (Brand B), 0.30 ± 0.46 (Brand C), 3.25 ± 0.77 (positive control) and 0.02 ± 0.13 (negative control). This mean score of Brand A (Sun Pharma) was significantly lower than that of Brand B (p=0.016) and that of Brand C (p=0.004). The mean erythema score ± standard deviation was: 0.09 ± 0.29 (Brand A), 0.27 ± 0.49 (Brand B), 0.30 ± 0.46 (Brand C), 2.5 ± 0.66 (positive control) and 0.02 ± 0.13 (negative control). The mean erythema score of Brand A (Sun Pharma) was significantly lower than that of Brand B (p=0.019) and that of Brand C (p=0.004). Reactions that were observed 24 hours after patch removal subsided in a week’s time. Conclusion: Based on the human patch test as per the BIS, IS 4011:2018, all the three topical formulations of minoxidil 2% were found to be non-irritant. Brand A of 2% minoxidil (Sun Pharma) was found to be the least irritant than Brand B and Brand C based on the combined mean score and mean erythema score. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erythema" title="erythema">erythema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irritation" title=" irritation"> irritation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minoxidil" title=" minoxidil"> minoxidil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20test" title=" patch test"> patch test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151544/evaluation-of-the-irritation-potential-of-three-topical-formulations-of-minoxidil-2-using-patch-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6747</span> Evaluation of the Irritation Potential of Three Topical Formulations of Minoxidil 5% Using Patch Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sule%20Pallavi">Sule Pallavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Priyank"> Shah Priyank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thavkar%20Amit"> Thavkar Amit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehta%20Suyog"> Mehta Suyog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohira%20Poonam"> Rohira Poonam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Minoxidil is used topically to help hair growth in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia. The objective of this study is to compare irritation potential of three conventional formulation of minoxidil 5% topical solution of in human patch test. The study was a single centre, double blind, non-randomized controlled study in 56 healthy adult Indian subjects. Occlusive patch test for 24 hours was performed with three formulation of minoxidil 5% topical solution. Products tested included aqueous based minoxidil 5% (AnasureTM 5%, Sun Pharma, India – Brand A), alcohol based minoxidil 5% (Brand B) and aqueous based minoxidil 5% (Brand C). Isotonic saline 0.9% and 1% w/w sodium lauryl sulphate were included as negative control and positive control respectively. Patches were applied and removed after 24hours. The skin reaction was assessed and clinically scored 24 hours after the removal of the patches under constant artificial daylight source using Draize scale (0-4 points scale for erythema/wrinkles/dryness and for oedema). A combined mean score up to 2.0/8.0 indicates a product is “non-irritant” and score between 2.0/8.0 and 4.0/8.0 indicates “mildly irritant” and score above 4.0/8.0 indicates “irritant”. Follow-up was scheduled after one week to confirm recovery for any reaction. The procedure of the patch test followed the principles outlined by Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) (IS 4011:2018; Methods of Test for safety evaluation of Cosmetics-3rd revision). Fifty six subjects with mean age 30.9 years (27 males and 29 females) participated in the study. The combined mean score (± standard deviation) were: 0.13 ± 0.33 (Brand A), 0.39 ± 0.49 (Brand B), 0.22 ± 0.41 (Brand C), 2.91 ± 0.79 (Positive control) and 0.02 ± 0.13 (Negative control). The mean score of Brand A (Sun Pharma product) was significantly lower than Brand B (p=0.001) and was comparable with Brand C (p=0.21). The combined mean erythema score (± standard deviation) were: 0.09 ± 0.29 (Brand A), 0.27 ± 0.5 (Brand B), 0.18 ± 0.39 (Brand C), 2.02 ± 0.49 (Positive control) and 0.0 ± 0.0 (Negative control). The mean erythema score of Brand A was significantly lower than Brand B (p=0.01) and was comparable with Brand C (p=0.16). Any reaction observed at 24hours after patch removal subsided in a week. All the three topical formulation of minoxidil 5% were non-irritant. Brand A of 5% minoxidil (Sun Pharma) was found to be least irritant than Brand B and Brand C based on the combined mean score and mean erythema score in the human patch test as per the BIS, IS 4011;2018. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erythema" title="erythema">erythema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irritation" title=" irritation"> irritation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minoxidil" title=" minoxidil"> minoxidil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20test" title=" patch test"> patch test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151547/evaluation-of-the-irritation-potential-of-three-topical-formulations-of-minoxidil-5-using-patch-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6746</span> Comparison of Cervical Length Using Transvaginal Ultrasonography and Bishop Score to Predict Succesful Induction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lubena%20Achmad">Lubena Achmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herman%20Kristanto"> Herman Kristanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julian%20Dewantiningrum"> Julian Dewantiningrum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The Bishop score is a standard method used to predict the success of induction. This examination tends to be subjective with high inter and intraobserver variability, so it was presumed to have a low predictive value in terms of the outcome of labor induction. Cervical length measurement using transvaginal ultrasound is considered to be more objective to assess the cervical length. Meanwhile, this examination is not a complicated procedure and less invasive than vaginal touché. Objective: To compare transvaginal ultrasound and Bishop score in predicting successful induction. Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study. One hundred and twenty women with singleton pregnancies undergoing induction of labor at 37 – 42 weeks and met inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Cervical assessment by both transvaginal ultrasound and Bishop score were conducted prior induction. The success of labor induction was defined as an ability to achieve active phase ≤ 12 hours after induction. To figure out the best cut-off point of cervical length and Bishop score, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors best-predicted induction success. Results: This study showed significant differences in terms of age, premature rupture of the membrane, the Bishop score, cervical length and funneling as significant predictors of successful induction. Using ROC curves found that the best cut-off point for prediction of successful induction was 25.45 mm for cervical length and 3 for Bishop score. Logistic regression was performed and showed only premature rupture of membranes and cervical length ≤ 25.45 that significantly predicted the success of labor induction. By excluding premature rupture of the membrane as the indication of induction, cervical length less than 25.3 mm was a better predictor of successful induction. Conclusion: Compared to Bishop score, cervical length using transvaginal ultrasound was a better predictor of successful induction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bishop%20Score" title="Bishop Score">Bishop Score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20length" title=" cervical length"> cervical length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction" title=" induction"> induction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=successful%20induction" title=" successful induction"> successful induction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transvaginal%20sonography" title=" transvaginal sonography "> transvaginal sonography </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65273/comparison-of-cervical-length-using-transvaginal-ultrasonography-and-bishop-score-to-predict-succesful-induction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6745</span> Evaluation of the Irritation Potential of Three Topical Formulations of Minoxidil 5% + Finasteride 0.1% Using Patch Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshi%20Rajiv">Joshi Rajiv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Priyank"> Shah Priyank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thavkar%20Amit"> Thavkar Amit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohira%20Poonam"> Rohira Poonam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehta%20Suyog"> Mehta Suyog</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Topical formulation containing minoxidil and finasteride helps hair growth in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia. The objective of this study is to compare the irritation potential of three conventional formulations of minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% topical solution of in human patch test. The study was a single centre, double blind, non-randomized controlled study in 53 healthy adult Indian subjects. Occlusive patch test for 24 hours was performed with three formulations of minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% topical solution. Products tested included aqueous based minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% (AnasureTM-F, Sun Pharma, India – Brand A), lipid based minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% (Brand B) and aqueous based minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% (Brand C). Isotonic saline 0.9% and 1% w/w sodium lauryl sulphate were included as negative control and positive control respectively. Patches were applied and removed after 24 hours. The skin reaction was assessed and clinically scored 24 hours after the removal of the patches under constant artificial daylight source using the Draize scale (0-4 points scale for erythema/dryness//wrinkles and for oedema). Follow-up was scheduled after one week to confirm recovery for any reaction. A combined mean score up to 2.0/8.0 indicates a product is “non-irritant” and a score between 2.0/8.0 and 4.0/8.0 indicates “mildly irritant” and a score above 4.0/8.0 indicates “irritant”. The procedure of the patch test followed the principles outlined by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (IS 4011:2018; Methods of Test for safety evaluation of Cosmetics-3rd revision). Fifty three subjects with mean age 31.9 years (25 males and 28 females) participated in the study. The combined mean score ± standard deviation were: 0.06 ± 0.23 (Brand A), 0.81 ± 0.59 (Brand B), 0.38 ± 0.49 (Brand C), 2.92 ± 0.47 (positive control) and 0.0 ± 0.0 (Negative control). This means the score of Brand A (Sun Pharma product) was significantly lower than that of Brand B (p=0.001) and that of Brand C (p=0.001). The combined mean erythema score ± standard deviation were: 0.06 ± 0.23 (Brand A), 0.81 ± 0.59 (Brand B), 0.38 ± 0.49 (Brand C), 2.09 ± 0.4 (Positive control) and 0.0 ± 0.0 (Negative control). The mean erythema score of Brand A was significantly lower than Brand B (p=0.001) and that of Brand C (p=0.001). Any reaction observed at 24hours after patch removal subsided in a week. All the three topical formulations of minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% were non-irritant. Brand A of minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% (Sun Pharma) was found to be the least irritant than Brand B and Brand C based on the combined mean score and mean erythema score in the human patch test as per the BIS, IS 4011:2018 <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erythema" title="erythema">erythema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finasteride" title=" finasteride"> finasteride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irritation" title=" irritation"> irritation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minoxidil" title=" minoxidil"> minoxidil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20test" title=" patch test"> patch test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151553/evaluation-of-the-irritation-potential-of-three-topical-formulations-of-minoxidil-5-finasteride-01-using-patch-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6744</span> A Framework for Security Risk Level Measures Using CVSS for Vulnerability Categories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umesh%20Kumar%20Singh">Umesh Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanchala%20Joshi"> Chanchala Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With increasing dependency on IT infrastructure, the main objective of a system administrator is to maintain a stable and secure network, with ensuring that the network is robust enough against malicious network users like attackers and intruders. Security risk management provides a way to manage the growing threats to infrastructures or system. This paper proposes a framework for risk level estimation which uses vulnerability database National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Vulnerability Database (NVD) and the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). The proposed framework measures the frequency of vulnerability exploitation; converges this measured frequency with standard CVSS score and estimates the security risk level which helps in automated and reasonable security management. In this paper equation for the Temporal score calculation with respect to availability of remediation plan is derived and further, frequency of exploitation is calculated with determined temporal score. The frequency of exploitation along with CVSS score is used to calculate the security risk level of the system. The proposed framework uses the CVSS vectors for risk level estimation and measures the security level of specific network environment, which assists system administrator for assessment of security risks and making decision related to mitigation of security risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CVSS%20score" title="CVSS score">CVSS score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20level" title=" risk level"> risk level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20measurement" title=" security measurement"> security measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability%20category" title=" vulnerability category"> vulnerability category</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55675/a-framework-for-security-risk-level-measures-using-cvss-for-vulnerability-categories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6743</span> Active Learning Management for Teacher's Professional Courses in Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education Thaksin University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuanphit%20Chumkhong">Chuanphit Chumkhong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aimed 1) to study the effects of the management of Active Learning among 3rd year students enrolled in teacher’s profession courses and 2) to assess the satisfaction of the students with courses using the Active Learning approach. The population for the study consisted of 442 3rd year undergraduate students enrolled in two teacher education courses in 2015: Curriculum Development and Learning Process Management. They were 442 from 11 education programs. Respondents for evaluation of satisfaction with Active Learning management comprised 432 students. The instruments used in research included a detailed course description and rating scale questionnaire on Active Learning. The data were analyzed using arithmetic mean and standard deviation. The results of the study reveal the following: 1. Overall, students gain a better understanding of the Active Learning due to their actual practice on the activity of course. Students have the opportunity to exchange learning knowledge and skills. The AL teaching activities make students interested in the contents and they seek to search for knowledge on their own. 2. Overall, 3rd year students are satisfied with the Active Learning management at a ‘high’ level with a mean score (μ) of 4.12 and standard deviation (σ) of. 51. By individual items, students are satisfied with the 10 elements in the two courses at a ‘high’ level with the mean score (μ) between 3.79 to 4.41 and a standard deviation (σ) between to 68. 79. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20learning%20teaching%20model" title="active learning teaching model">active learning teaching model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%E2%80%99s%20professional%20courses" title=" teacher’s professional courses"> teacher’s professional courses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20courses" title=" professional courses"> professional courses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum%20and%20instruction%20teacher%27s" title=" curriculum and instruction teacher's"> curriculum and instruction teacher's</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70949/active-learning-management-for-teachers-professional-courses-in-curriculum-and-instruction-faculty-of-education-thaksin-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6742</span> An Investigation of the University Council’s Image: A Case of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phitsanu%20Phunphetchphan">Phitsanu Phunphetchphan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this research was to investigate opinions of Rajabhat University staff towards performance of the university council committee by focusing on (1) personal characteristics of the committees; (2) duties designated by the university council; and (3) relationship between university council and staff. The population of this study included all high level of management from Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University which made a total of 200 respondents. Data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the majority of staff rated the performance of university council at a high level. The 'overall appropriate qualification of the university council' was rated as the highest score while 'good governance' was rated as the lowest mean score. Moreover, the findings also revealed that the relationship between university council’s members and the staff was rated at a high level while 'the integrity of policy implementation' was rated as the lowest score. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investigation" title="investigation">investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20council" title=" university council"> university council</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management "> management </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9713/an-investigation-of-the-university-councils-image-a-case-of-suan-sunandha-rajabhat-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6741</span> Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Standard Precautions in Medical Students of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Idrees%20Ahmad">Zainab Idrees Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahjabeen%20Qureshi"> Mahjabeen Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Hussain"> Zainab Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent the transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes. Lack of practice of SPs can result in a considerable increase in morbidity and mortality rates. Medical students (the future physicians) should have the highest knowledge of standard precautions to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections and ensure their safety as well. This study was designed. To assess the knowledge of medical students regarding standard precautions. And explore the attitude of medical students of MBBS in the third, fourth and final year towards standard precautions.: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the setting of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan including the students of MBBS in their 3rd, 4th and final years. The study duration was from October 2022 to February 2023. The sample size calculated was 282 with a confidence interval of 95%. A questionnaire was structured utilizing the WHO guidelines on SPs assessing knowledge and attitude regarding hand hygiene, needle stick injury, use of gloves and mask, and sharp disposal. A total of 300 responses were received utilizing the technique of non-random convenience sampling. Data was analyzed using the latest version of SPSS.:Knowledge score regarding components of SPs, hand hygiene, and moments of hand hygiene was satisfactory. However, score regarding the use of PPE, needle stick injury, and sharp disposal was low. Almost all the students were compliant with the proper washing of hands but the observation of recommended time length was lacking. Compliance with the use of correct PPE and informing the supervisor upon getting a needle stick injury was low. This study signifies that medical students lack knowledge regarding standard precautions. This is alarming as this can be the vehicle for the spread of nosocomial infections. Proper training should be given to medical students to prevent the spread of hospital-acquired infections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title="attitude">attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20students" title=" medical students"> medical students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20precautions" title=" standard precautions"> standard precautions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149543/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-regarding-standard-precautions-in-medical-students-of-rawalpindi-medical-university-pakistan-a-cross-sectional-descriptive-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6740</span> Finding the English Competency for Developing Public Health Village Volunteers at Ban Prasukchai in Chumpuang District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittivate%20Boonyopakorn">Kittivate Boonyopakorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this study were to find the English competence of the public health volunteers and to develop the use of their English. The samples for the study were 41 public health village volunteers at Ban Prasukchai, in Thailand. The findings showed that the sum of all scores for the pre-test was 452, while the score for the post-test was 1,080. Therefore, the results of the experiment confirm that the post-test scores (1,080) significantly are higher than the pre-test (452). The mean score (N=41) for the pre-test was 11.02 while the mean score (N=41) for the post-test was 18.10. The standard deviation for the pre-test was 2.734; however, for the post-test it was 1.934. In addition to the experts-evaluated research tools, the results of the evaluation for the structured interviews (IOC) were 1 in value. The evaluation of congruence for the content with learning objectives (IOC) were 0.66 to 1.00 in value. The evaluation of congruence for the pre and post-test with learning objectives (IOC) are 1 in value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finding%20the%20English%20competency" title="finding the English competency">finding the English competency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20public%20health" title=" developing public health"> developing public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=village%20volunteers" title=" village volunteers"> village volunteers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12341/finding-the-english-competency-for-developing-public-health-village-volunteers-at-ban-prasukchai-in-chumpuang-district-nakhon-ratchasima-province-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6739</span> A Study of Student Satisfaction of the University TV Station</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prapoj%20Na%20Bangchang">Prapoj Na Bangchang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aimed to study the satisfaction of university students on the Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University television station. The sample were 250 undergraduate students from Year 1 to Year 4. The tool used to collect data was a questionnaire. Statistics used in data analysis were percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results showed that student satisfaction on the University's television station location received high score, followed by the number of devices, and the content presented received the lowest score. Most students want the content of the programs to be improved especially entertainment content, followed by sports content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20satisfaction" title="student satisfaction">student satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20TV%20channel" title=" university TV channel"> university TV channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcasting" title=" broadcasting"> broadcasting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14572/a-study-of-student-satisfaction-of-the-university-tv-station" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6738</span> Product Development of Standard Multi-Layer Sweet (Khanom- Chan) Recipe to Healthy for Thai Dessert</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tidarat%20Sanphom">Tidarat Sanphom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim of this research is to development of Standard Layer pudding (Khanom-Chan) recipe to healthy Thai dessert. The objective are to study about standard recipe in multi-layer sweet. It was found that the appropriate recipe in multi-layer sweet, was consisted of rice starch 56 grams, tapioca starch 172 grams, arrowroot flour 98 grams, mung been-flour 16 grams, coconut milk 774 grams, fine sugar 374 grams, pandan leaf juice 47 grams and oil 5 grams.Then the researcher studied about the ratio of rice-berries flour to rice starch in multi-layer sweet at level of 30:70, 50:50, and only rice-berry flour 100 percentage. Result sensory evaluation, it was found the ratio of rice-berry flour to rice starch 30:70 had well score. The result of multi-layer sweet with rice-berry flour reduced sugar 20, 40 and 60 percentage found that 20 percentage had well score. Calculated total calories and calories from fat in Sweet layer cake with rice-berry flour reduced sugar 20 percentage had 250.04 kcal and 65.16 kcal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-layer%20sweet%20%28Khanom-Chan%29" title="multi-layer sweet (Khanom-Chan)">multi-layer sweet (Khanom-Chan)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice-berry%20flour" title=" rice-berry flour"> rice-berry flour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20juice" title=" leaf juice"> leaf juice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desert" title=" desert"> desert</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16506/product-development-of-standard-multi-layer-sweet-khanom-chan-recipe-to-healthy-for-thai-dessert" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6737</span> Efficient Estimation for the Cox Proportional Hazards Cure Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khandoker%20Akib%20Mohammad">Khandoker Akib Mohammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While analyzing time-to-event data, it is possible that a certain fraction of subjects will never experience the event of interest, and they are said to be cured. When this feature of survival models is taken into account, the models are commonly referred to as cure models. In the presence of covariates, the conditional survival function of the population can be modelled by using the cure model, which depends on the probability of being uncured (incidence) and the conditional survival function of the uncured subjects (latency), and a combination of logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression is used to model the incidence and latency respectively. In this paper, we have shown the asymptotic normality of the profile likelihood estimator via asymptotic expansion of the profile likelihood and obtain the explicit form of the variance estimator with an implicit function in the profile likelihood. We have also shown the efficient score function based on projection theory and the profile likelihood score function are equal. Our contribution in this paper is that we have expressed the efficient information matrix as the variance of the profile likelihood score function. A simulation study suggests that the estimated standard errors from bootstrap samples (SMCURE package) and the profile likelihood score function (our approach) are providing similar and comparable results. The numerical result of our proposed method is also shown by using the melanoma data from SMCURE R-package, and we compare the results with the output obtained from the SMCURE package. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cox%20PH%20model" title="Cox PH model">Cox PH model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cure%20model" title=" cure model"> cure model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficient%20score%20function" title=" efficient score function"> efficient score function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EM%20algorithm" title=" EM algorithm"> EM algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implicit%20function" title=" implicit function"> implicit function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profile%20likelihood" title=" profile likelihood"> profile likelihood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124490/efficient-estimation-for-the-cox-proportional-hazards-cure-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6736</span> Manipulation of Ideological Items in the Audiovisual Translation of Voiced-Over Documentaries in the Arab World </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chabbak">S. Chabbak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a widely globalized world, the influence of audiovisual translation on the culture and identity of audiences is unmistakable. However, in the Arab World, there is a noticeable disproportion between this growing influence and the research carried out in the field. As a matter of fact, the voiced-over documentary is one of the most abundantly translated genres in the Arab World that carries lots of ideological elements which are in many cases rendered by manipulation. However, voiced-over documentaries have hardly received any focused attention from researchers in the Arab World. This paper attempts to scrutinize the process of translation of voiced-over documentaries in the Arab World, from French into Arabic in the present case study, by sub-categorizing the ideological items subject to manipulation, identifying the techniques utilized in their translation and exploring the potential extra-linguistic factors that prompt translation agents to opt for manipulative translation. The investigation is based on a corpus of 94 episodes taken from a series entitled <em>360° GEO Reports</em>, produced by the French German network ARTE in French, and acquired, translated and aired by Al Jazeera Documentary Channel for Arab audiences. The results yielded 124 cases of manipulation in four sub-categories of ideological items, and the use of 10 different oblique procedures in the process of manipulative translation. The study also revealed that manipulation is in most of the instances dictated by the editorial line of the broadcasting channel, in addition to the religious, geopolitical and socio-cultural peculiarities of the target culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audiovisual%20translation" title="audiovisual translation">audiovisual translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideological%20items" title=" ideological items"> ideological items</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manipulation" title=" manipulation"> manipulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voiced-over%20documentaries" title=" voiced-over documentaries"> voiced-over documentaries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103254/manipulation-of-ideological-items-in-the-audiovisual-translation-of-voiced-over-documentaries-in-the-arab-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6735</span> The Keys to Innovation: Defining and Evaluating Attributes that Measure Innovation Capabilities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Samarah">Mohammad Samarah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Stark"> Benjamin Stark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20Kindle"> Jennifer Kindle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Langley%20Payton"> Langley Payton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Innovation is a key driver for companies, society, and economic growth. However, assessing and measuring innovation for individuals as well as organizations remains difficult. Our i5-Score presented in this study will help to overcome this difficulty and facilitate measuring the innovation potential. The score is based on a framework we call the 5Gs of innovation which defines specific innovation attributes. Those are 1) the drive for long-term goals 2) the audacity to generate new ideas, 3) the openness to share ideas with others, 4) the ability to grow, and 5) the ability to maintain high levels of optimism. To validate the i5-Score, we conducted a study at Florida Polytechnic University. The results show that the i5-Score is a good measure reflecting the innovative mindset of an individual or a group. Thus, the score can be utilized for evaluating, refining and enhancing innovation capabilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Change%20Management" title="Change Management">Change Management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Innovation%20Attributes" title=" Innovation Attributes"> Innovation Attributes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Organizational%20Development" title=" Organizational Development"> Organizational Development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STEM%20and%20Venture%20Creation" title=" STEM and Venture Creation"> STEM and Venture Creation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100675/the-keys-to-innovation-defining-and-evaluating-attributes-that-measure-innovation-capabilities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6734</span> Predicting Financial Distress in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikki%20Berrange">Nikki Berrange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizelle%20Willows"> Gizelle Willows</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Business rescue has become increasingly popular since its inclusion in the Companies Act of South Africa in May 2011. The Alternate Exchange (AltX) of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange has experienced a marked increase in the number of companies entering business rescue. This study sampled twenty companies listed on the AltX to determine whether Altman’s Z-score model for emerging markets (ZEM) or Taffler’s Z-score model is a more accurate model in predicting financial distress for small to medium size companies in South Africa. The study was performed over three different time horizons; one, two and three years prior to the event of financial distress, in order to determine how many companies each model predicted would be unlikely to succeed as well as the predictive ability and accuracy of the respective models. The study found that Taffler’s Z-score model had a greater ability at predicting financial distress from all three-time horizons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Altman%E2%80%99s%20ZEM-score" title="Altman’s ZEM-score">Altman’s ZEM-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Altman%E2%80%99s%20Z-score" title=" Altman’s Z-score"> Altman’s Z-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AltX" title=" AltX"> AltX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20rescue" title=" business rescue"> business rescue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taffler%E2%80%99s%20Z-score" title=" Taffler’s Z-score"> Taffler’s Z-score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46353/predicting-financial-distress-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6733</span> Work Happiness for Personnel of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adisai%20Thovicha">Adisai Thovicha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is the survey research, designed to study the work happiness level of personnel at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. The sample group consisted of 329 personnel. The results were collected by stratified sampling, using work positions for each stage. The results were analyzed and calculated by computer program. Statistics used during analyzing were percentage, mean, and standard deviation. From the study, the work happiness level of personnel were in very high score range in both overall and specific category. The top category which received the most score was positive attitude, work satisfaction, life satisfaction, and negative attitude. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20happiness" title="work happiness">work happiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suan%20Sunandha%20Rajabhat%20University" title=" Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University"> Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personnel" title=" personnel"> personnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20attitude" title=" positive attitude"> positive attitude</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10534/work-happiness-for-personnel-of-suan-sunandha-rajabhat-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary 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