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precautions</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: standard precautions"> <meta name="keywords" content="standard precautions"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="standard precautions"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5037</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: standard precautions</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5037</span> Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Standard Precautions in Medical Students of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Idrees%20Ahmad">Zainab Idrees Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahjabeen%20Qureshi"> Mahjabeen Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Hussain"> Zainab Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent the transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes. Lack of practice of SPs can result in a considerable increase in morbidity and mortality rates. Medical students (the future physicians) should have the highest knowledge of standard precautions to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections and ensure their safety as well. This study was designed. To assess the knowledge of medical students regarding standard precautions. And explore the attitude of medical students of MBBS in the third, fourth and final year towards standard precautions.: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the setting of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan including the students of MBBS in their 3rd, 4th and final years. The study duration was from October 2022 to February 2023. The sample size calculated was 282 with a confidence interval of 95%. A questionnaire was structured utilizing the WHO guidelines on SPs assessing knowledge and attitude regarding hand hygiene, needle stick injury, use of gloves and mask, and sharp disposal. A total of 300 responses were received utilizing the technique of non-random convenience sampling. Data was analyzed using the latest version of SPSS.:Knowledge score regarding components of SPs, hand hygiene, and moments of hand hygiene was satisfactory. However, score regarding the use of PPE, needle stick injury, and sharp disposal was low. Almost all the students were compliant with the proper washing of hands but the observation of recommended time length was lacking. Compliance with the use of correct PPE and informing the supervisor upon getting a needle stick injury was low. This study signifies that medical students lack knowledge regarding standard precautions. This is alarming as this can be the vehicle for the spread of nosocomial infections. Proper training should be given to medical students to prevent the spread of hospital-acquired infections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title="attitude">attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20students" title=" medical students"> medical students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20precautions" title=" standard precautions"> standard precautions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149543/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-regarding-standard-precautions-in-medical-students-of-rawalpindi-medical-university-pakistan-a-cross-sectional-descriptive-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5036</span> The Effect of Technology and Artifical Intelligence on Legal Securities and Privacy Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerolis%20Samoul%20Zaghloul%20Noaman">Kerolis Samoul Zaghloul Noaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> area law is the brand new access in the basket of worldwide law in the latter half of the 20 th Century. inside the last hundred and fifty years, courts and pupils advanced a consensus that, the custom is an vital supply of global law. Article 38(1) (b) of the statute of the international court of Justice identified global custom as a supply of global law. country practices and usages have a more role to play in formulating commonplace international regulation. This paper examines those country practices which may be certified to emerge as global standard law. due to the fact that, 1979 (after Moon Treaty) no hard law had been developed within the vicinity of space exploration. It attempts to link among country practices and custom in area exploration and development of standard global regulation in area activities. The paper makes use of doctrinal approach of felony research for inspecting the current questions of worldwide regulation. The paper explores exceptional worldwide prison files which include general meeting Resolutions, Treaty standards, working papers of UN, cases relating to commonplace global law and writing of jurists regarding area law and standard international law. it's far argued that, ideas such as common background of mankind, non-navy region, sovereign equality, nuclear weapon unfastened area and protection of outer area environment, etc. evolved nation practices a number of the worldwide community which can be certified to turn out to be international customary regulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20privacy%20issues" title="social networks privacy issues">social networks privacy issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20security%20issues" title=" social networks security issues"> social networks security issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20privacy%20precautions%20measures" title=" social networks privacy precautions measures"> social networks privacy precautions measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20security%20precautions%20measures" title=" social networks security precautions measures"> social networks security precautions measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190042/the-effect-of-technology-and-artifical-intelligence-on-legal-securities-and-privacy-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5035</span> The Impact of Simulation-based Learning on the Clinical Self-efficacy and Adherence to Infection Control Practices of Nursing Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raeed%20Alanazi">Raeed Alanazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Nursing students have a crucial role to play in the inhibition of infectious diseases and, therefore, must be trained in infection control and prevention modules prior to entering clinical settings. Simulations have been found to have a positive impact on infection control skills and the use of standard precautions. Aim: The purpose of this study was to use the four sources of self-efficacy in explaining the level of clinical self-efficacy and adherence to infection control practices in Saudi nursing students during simulation practice. Method: A cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was used. This study was conducted in all Saudi nursing schools, with a total number of 197 students participated in this study. Three scales were used simulation self- efficacy Scale (SSES), the four sources of self-efficacy scale (SSES), and Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS). Multiple linear regression was used to test the use of the four sources of self-efficacy (SSES) in explaining level of clinical self-efficacy and adherence to infection control in nursing students. Results: The vicarious experience subscale (p =.044) was statistically significant. The regression model indicated that for every one unit increase in vicarious experience (observation and reflection in simulation), the participants’ adherence to infection control increased by .13 units (β =.22, t = 2.03, p =.044). In addition, the regression model indicated that for every one unit increase in education level, the participants’ adherence to infection control increased by 1.82 units (beta=.34= 3.64, p <.001). Also, the mastery experience subscale (p <.001) and vicarious experience subscale (p = .020) were shared significant associations with clinical self-efficacy. Conclusion: The findings of this research support the idea that simulation-based learning can be a valuable teaching-learning method to help nursing students develop clinical competence, which is essential in providing quality and safe nursing care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation-based%20learning" title="simulation-based learning">simulation-based learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20self-efficacy" title=" clinical self-efficacy"> clinical self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infection%20control" title=" infection control"> infection control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing%20students" title=" nursing students"> nursing students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164785/the-impact-of-simulation-based-learning-on-the-clinical-self-efficacy-and-adherence-to-infection-control-practices-of-nursing-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5034</span> An Overview of Privacy and Security Issues in Social Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Ibrahim%20Al%20Ladan">Mohamad Ibrahim Al Ladan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social networks, such as Facebook, Myspace, LinkedIn, Google+, and Twitter have experienced exponential growth and a remarkable adoption rate in recent years. They provide attractive means of online social interactions and communications with family, friends, and colleagues from around the corner or across the globe, and they have become an important part of daily digital interactions for more than one and a half billion users around the world. The various personal information sharing practices that social network providers encourage have led to their success as innovative social interaction platforms. However, these practices have resulted in ample concerns with respect to privacy and security from different stakeholders. Addressing these privacy and security concerns in social networks is a must for these networks to be sustainable. Existing security and privacy tools may not be enough to address existing concerns. Some guidelines should be followed to protect users from the existing risks. In this paper, we have investigated and discussed the various privacy and security issues and concerns pertaining to social networks. Moreover, we have classified these privacy and security issues and presented a thorough discussion of the implications of these issues and concerns on the future of the social networks. In addition, we have presented a set of guidelines as precaution measures that users can consider to address these issues and concerns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20privacy%20issues" title="social networks privacy issues">social networks privacy issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20security%20issues" title=" social networks security issues"> social networks security issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20privacy%20precautions%20measures" title=" social networks privacy precautions measures"> social networks privacy precautions measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20security%20precautions%20measures" title=" social networks security precautions measures"> social networks security precautions measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74547/an-overview-of-privacy-and-security-issues-in-social-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5033</span> The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on International Law, Legal Security and Privacy Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akram%20Waheb%20Nasef%20Alzordoky">Akram Waheb Nasef Alzordoky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wars and armed conflicts have frequently ended in violations of global humanitarian law and regularly devote the maximum severe global crimes, which include war crimes, crimes towards humanity, aggression and genocide. But, simplest inside the XX century, the guideline changed into an articulated idea of establishing a frame of worldwide criminal justice so that you can prosecute those crimes and their perpetrators. The first steps on this subject were made with the aid of setting up the worldwide army tribunals for warfare crimes at Nuremberg and Tokyo, and the formation of ad hoc tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Ultimately, the global criminal courtroom was established in Rome in 1998 with the aim of justice and that allows you to give satisfaction to the sufferers of crimes and their families. The aim of the paper was to provide an ancient and comparative analysis of the establishments of worldwide criminal justice primarily based on which those establishments de lege lata fulfilled the goals of individual criminal responsibility and justice. Moreover, the authors endorse de lege ferenda that the everlasting global crook Tribunal, in addition to the potential case, additionally takes over the current ICTY and ICTR cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20privacy%20issues" title="social networks privacy issues">social networks privacy issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20security%20issues" title=" social networks security issues"> social networks security issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20privacy%20precautions%20measures" title=" social networks privacy precautions measures"> social networks privacy precautions measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20security%20precautions%20measures" title=" social networks security precautions measures"> social networks security precautions measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190127/the-effect-of-artificial-intelligence-on-international-law-legal-security-and-privacy-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5032</span> The Grand Unified Theory of Everything as a Generalization to the Standard Model Called as the General Standard Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Deljoo">Amir Deljoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The endeavor to comprehend the existence have been the center of thought for human in form of different disciplines and now basically in physics as the theory of everything. Here, after a brief review of the basic frameworks of thought, and a history of thought since ancient up to present, a logical methodology is presented based on a core axiom after which a function, a proto-field and then a coordinates are explained. Afterwards a generalization to Standard Model is proposed as General Standard Model which is believed to be the base of the Unified Theory of Everything. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20relativity" title="general relativity">general relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grand%20unified%20theory" title=" grand unified theory"> grand unified theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20mechanics" title=" quantum mechanics"> quantum mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20model" title=" standard model"> standard model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20everything" title=" theory of everything"> theory of everything</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156078/the-grand-unified-theory-of-everything-as-a-generalization-to-the-standard-model-called-as-the-general-standard-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5031</span> Epilepsy Seizure Prediction by Effective Connectivity Estimation Using Granger Causality and Directed Transfer Function Analysis of Multi-Channel Electroencephalogram</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Hejazi">Mona Hejazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Motie%20Nasrabadi"> Ali Motie Nasrabadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is a persistent neurological disorder that affects more than 50 million people worldwide. Hence, there is a necessity to introduce an efficient prediction model for making a correct diagnosis of the epileptic seizure and accurate prediction of its type. In this study we consider how the Effective Connectivity (EC) patterns obtained from intracranial Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings reveal information about the dynamics of the epileptic brain and can be used to predict imminent seizures, as this will enable the patients (and caregivers) to take appropriate precautions. We use this definition because we believe that effective connectivity near seizures begin to change, so we can predict seizures according to this feature. Results are reported on the standard Freiburg EEG dataset which contains data from 21 patients suffering from medically intractable focal epilepsy. Six channels of EEG from each patients are considered and effective connectivity using Directed Transfer Function (DTF) and Granger Causality (GC) methods is estimated. We concentrate on effective connectivity standard deviation over time and feature changes in five brain frequency sub-bands (Alpha, Beta, Theta, Delta, and Gamma) are compared. The performance obtained for the proposed scheme in predicting seizures is: average prediction time is 50 minutes before seizure onset, the maximum sensitivity is approximate ~80% and the false positive rate is 0.33 FP/h. DTF method is more acceptable to predict epileptic seizures and generally we can observe that the greater results are in gamma and beta sub-bands. The research of this paper is significantly helpful for clinical applications, especially for the exploitation of online portable devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20connectivity" title="effective connectivity">effective connectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Granger%20causality" title=" Granger causality"> Granger causality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directed%20transfer%20function" title=" directed transfer function"> directed transfer function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy%20seizure%20prediction" title=" epilepsy seizure prediction"> epilepsy seizure prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title=" EEG"> EEG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51480/epilepsy-seizure-prediction-by-effective-connectivity-estimation-using-granger-causality-and-directed-transfer-function-analysis-of-multi-channel-electroencephalogram" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5030</span> Evaluation of Iranian Standard for Assessment of Liquefaction Potential of Cohesionless Soils Based on SPT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Ziaie%20Moayad">Reza Ziaie Moayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Kouhpeyma"> Azam Kouhpeyma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In-situ testing is preferred to evaluate the liquefaction potential in cohesionless soils due to high disturbance during sampling. Although new in-situ methods with high accuracy have been developed, standard penetration test, the simplest and the oldest in-situ test, is still used due to the profusion of the recorded data. This paper reviews the Iranian standard of evaluating liquefaction potential in soils (codes 525) and compares the liquefaction assessment methods based on SPT results on cohesionless soil in this standard with the international standards. To this, methods for assessing liquefaction potential which are presented by Cetin et al. (2004), Boulanger and Idriss (2014) are compared with what is presented in standard 525. It is found that although the procedure used in Iranian standard of evaluating the potential of liquefaction has not been updated according to the new findings, it is a conservative procedure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesionless%20soil" title="cohesionless soil">cohesionless soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title=" liquefaction"> liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPT" title=" SPT"> SPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20525" title=" standard 525"> standard 525</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133623/evaluation-of-iranian-standard-for-assessment-of-liquefaction-potential-of-cohesionless-soils-based-on-spt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5029</span> Analysis of Road Accidents in India 2016 to 2021</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajin%20Frank%20J.">Ajin Frank J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shridevi%20Jeevan%20Kamble"> Shridevi Jeevan Kamble</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary objective of this research paper is to identify significant patterns and insights in road accident data in India spanning from 2016 to 2021. The study reveals that the frequency of accidents, injuries, and fatalities varies depending on numerous factors such as the type of vehicle, time of accidents, age of the vehicle, age and gender of the driver, among others. Notably, the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown measures have significantly impacted these figures. One of the key findings of the analysis is the rise in the number of accidents and deaths involving two-wheeler vehicles, particularly among younger individuals, in major states across India. This trend is of concern, and there is a need for increased awareness and precautions to prevent these types of accidents. Additionally, with the imminent rise of electric vehicles in the coming years, ensuring their safety on the road is a critical matter. Another significant factor contributing to road accidents is the age of vehicles. As vehicles age, their handling becomes more challenging compared to new ones, increasing the risk of accidents. Thus, it is imperative for the government to impose stringent regulations and laws to reduce these accident-causing factors and raise awareness among individuals about taking necessary precautions to avoid accidents. This study highlights the importance of understanding the underlying patterns and factors contributing to road accidents in India. Through this knowledge, policymakers and stakeholders can develop effective strategies to address these challenges and promote road safety, ultimately reducing the number of accidents, injuries, and fatalities on Indian roads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20accidents" title="road accidents">road accidents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accident%20deaths" title=" accident deaths"> accident deaths</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164704/analysis-of-road-accidents-in-india-2016-to-2021" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5028</span> Correction Factor to Enhance the Non-Standard Hammer Effect Used in Standard Penetration Test </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20R.%20Khater">Khaled R. Khater</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The weight of the SPT hammer is standard (0.623kN). The locally manufacturer drilling rigs use hammers, sometimes deviating off the standard weight. This affects the field measured blow counts (Nf) consequentially, affecting most of correlations previously obtained, as they were obtained based on standard hammer weight. The literature presents energy corrections factor (η2) to be applied to the SPT total input energy. This research investigates the effect of the hammer weight variation, as a single parameter, on the field measured blow counts (Nf). The outcome is a correction factor (ηk), equation, and correction chart. They are recommended to adjust back the measured misleading (Nf) to the standard one as if the standard hammer is used. This correction is very important to be done in such cases where a non-standard hammer is being used because the bore logs in any geotechnical report should contain true and representative values (Nf), let alone the long records of correlations, already in hand. The study here-in is achieved by using laboratory physical model to simulate the SPT dripping hammer mechanism. It is designed to allow different hammer weights to be used. Also, it is manufactured to avoid and eliminate the energy loss sources. This produces a transmitted efficiency up to 100%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correction%20factors" title="correction factors">correction factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hammer%20weight" title=" hammer weight"> hammer weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20model" title=" physical model"> physical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20penetration%20test" title=" standard penetration test"> standard penetration test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36848/correction-factor-to-enhance-the-non-standard-hammer-effect-used-in-standard-penetration-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5027</span> Assessing the Quality of Clinical Photographs Taken for Orthodontic Patients at Queen’s Hospital, Romford</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maya%20Agarwala">Maya Agarwala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Audit the quality of clinical photographs taken for Orthodontic patients at Queen’s hospital, Romford. Design and setting: All Orthodontic photographs are taken in the Medical Photography Department at Queen’s Hospital. Retrospective audit with data collected between January - March 2023. Gold standard: Institute of Medical Illustrators (IMI) standard 12 photographs: 6 extraoral and 6 intraoral. 100% of patients to have the standard 12 photographs meeting a satisfactory diagnostic quality. Materials and methods: 30 patients randomly selected. All photographs analysed against the IMI gold standard. Results: A total of 360 photographs were analysed. 100% of the photographs had the 12 photographic views. Of which, 93.1% met the gold standard. Of the extraoral photos: 99.4% met the gold standard, 0.6% had incorrect head positioning. Of the intraoral photographs: 87.2% met the gold standard. The most common intraoral errors were: the presence of saliva pooling (7.2%), insufficient soft tissue retraction (3.3%), incomplete occlusal surface visibility (2.2%) and mirror fogging (1.1%). Conclusion: The gold standard was not met, however the overall standard of Orthodontic photographs is high. Further training of the Medical Photography team is needed to improve the quality of photographs. Following the training, the audit will be repeated. High-quality clinical photographs are an important part of clinical record keeping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontics" title="orthodontics">orthodontics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paediatric" title=" paediatric"> paediatric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photography" title=" photography"> photography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit" title=" audit"> audit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167678/assessing-the-quality-of-clinical-photographs-taken-for-orthodontic-patients-at-queens-hospital-romford" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5026</span> Testing of Complicated Bus Bar Protection Using Smart Testing Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20N.%20Dinesh%20Babu">K. N. Dinesh Babu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the protection of a complicated bus arrangement with a dual bus coupler and bus sectionalizer using low impedance differential protection applicable for very high voltages like 220kV and 400kV is discussed. In many power generation stations, several operational procedures are implemented to utilize the transfer bus as the main bus and to facilitate the maintenance of circuit breakers and current transformers (in each section) without shutting down the bay(s). Owing to this fact, the complications in operational philosophy have thrown challenges for the bus bar protection implementation. Many bus topologies allow any one of the main buses available in the station to be used as an auxiliary bus. In such a system, pre-defined precautions and procedures are made as guidelines, which are followed before assigning any bus as an auxiliary bus. The procedure involves shifting of links, changing rotary switches, insertion of test block, and so on, thereby causing unreliable operation. This kind of unreliable operation or inadvertent procedural lapse may result in the isolation of the bus bar from the grid due to the unpredictable operation of the bus bar protection relay, which is a commonly occurring phenomenon due to manual mistakes. With the sophisticated configuration and implementation of logic in modern intelligent electronic devices, the operator is free to select the transfer arrangement without sacrificing the protection required by a bus differential system for a reliable operation, and labor-intensive processes are completely eliminated. This paper deals with the procedure to test the security logic for such special scenarios using Megger make SMRT, bus bar protection relay to assure system stability and get rid of all the specific operational precautions/procedure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20bar%20protection" title="bus bar protection">bus bar protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=by-pass%20isolator" title=" by-pass isolator"> by-pass isolator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blind%20spot" title=" blind spot"> blind spot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breaker%20failure" title=" breaker failure"> breaker failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20electronic%20device" title=" intelligent electronic device"> intelligent electronic device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20fault" title=" end fault"> end fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20unification" title=" bus unification"> bus unification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional%20principle" title=" directional principle"> directional principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zones%20of%20protection" title=" zones of protection"> zones of protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breaker%20re-trip" title=" breaker re-trip"> breaker re-trip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under%20voltage%20security" title=" under voltage security"> under voltage security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20megger%20relay%20tester" title=" smart megger relay tester"> smart megger relay tester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173016/testing-of-complicated-bus-bar-protection-using-smart-testing-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5025</span> A Comparative Study of Standard, Casted, and Riveted Eye Design of a Mono Leaf Spring Using CAE Tools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gian%20Bhushan">Gian Bhushan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinkel%20Arora"> Vinkel Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20L.%20Aggarwal"> M. L. Aggarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the present study is to determine better eye end design of a mono leaf spring used in light motor vehicle. A conventional 65Si7 spring steel leaf spring model with standard eye, casted and riveted eye end are considered. The CAD model of the leaf springs is prepared in CATIA and analyzed using ANSYS. The standard eye, casted, and riveted eye leaf springs are subjected to similar loading conditions. The CAE analysis of the leaf spring is performed for various parameters like deflection and Von-Mises stress. Mass reduction of 62.9% is achieved in case of riveted eye mono leaf spring as compared to standard eye mono leaf spring for the same loading conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAE" title="CAE">CAE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20spring" title=" leaf spring"> leaf spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard" title=" standard"> standard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=casted" title=" casted"> casted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riveted%20eye" title=" riveted eye"> riveted eye</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15462/a-comparative-study-of-standard-casted-and-riveted-eye-design-of-a-mono-leaf-spring-using-cae-tools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5024</span> Reconciling the Modern Standard Arabic with the Local Dialects in Writing Literary Texts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Ghaleb">Ahmed M. Ghaleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehab%20S.%20Al-Nuzaili"> Ehab S. Al-Nuzaili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to shed light on the question of the choice between standard Arabic and the vernacular in writing literary texts. Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) has long been the formal language of writing education, administration, and media, shred across the Arab countries. In the mid-20th century, some writers have begun to write their literary works in local dialects claiming that they can be more realistic. On the other hand, other writers have opposed this new trend as it can be a threat to the Standard Arabic or MSA that unify all Arabs. However, some other writers, like Tawfiq al-Hakim, Hamed Damanhouri, Najib Mahfouz, and Hanna Mineh, attempted to solve this problem by using what W. M. Hutchins called a 'hybrid language', a middle language between the standard and the vernacular. It is also termed 'a third language'. The paper attempts to examine some of the literary texts in which a combination of the standard and the colloquial is employed. Thus, the paper attempts to find out a solution by proposing a third language, a form that can combine the MSA and the colloquial, and the possibility of using it in writing literary texts. Therefore, the paper can bridge the gap between the different levels of Arabic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20standard%20arabic" title="modern standard arabic">modern standard arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialect%20or%20vernacular" title=" dialect or vernacular"> dialect or vernacular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diglossia" title=" diglossia"> diglossia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20language" title=" third language"> third language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134121/reconciling-the-modern-standard-arabic-with-the-local-dialects-in-writing-literary-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5023</span> Failure Probability Assessment of Concrete Spherical Domes Subjected to Ventilation Controlled Fires Using BIM Tools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20T.%20Kassem">A. T. Kassem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fires areconsidered a common hazardous action that any building may face. Most buildings’ structural elements are designed, taking into consideration precautions for fire safety, using deterministic design approaches. Public and highly important buildings are commonly designed considering standard fire rating and, in many cases, contain large compartments with central domes. Real fire scenarios are not commonly brought into action in structural design of buildings because of complexities in both scenarios and analysis tools. This paper presents a modern approach towards analysis of spherical domes in real fire condition via implementation of building information modelling, and adopting a probabilistic approach. BIMhas been implemented to bridge the gap between various software packages enabling them to function interactively to model both real fire and corresponding structural response. Ventilation controlled fires scenarios have been modeled using both “Revit” and “Pyrosim”. Monte Carlo simulation has been adopted to engage the probabilistic analysis approach in dealing with various parameters. Conclusions regarding failure probability and fire endurance, in addition to the effects of various parameters, have been extracted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spherical%20domes" title=" spherical domes"> spherical domes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation%20controlled%20fires" title=" ventilation controlled fires"> ventilation controlled fires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM" title=" BIM"> BIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monte%20carlo%20simulation" title=" monte carlo simulation"> monte carlo simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrosim" title=" pyrosim"> pyrosim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revit" title=" revit"> revit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141926/failure-probability-assessment-of-concrete-spherical-domes-subjected-to-ventilation-controlled-fires-using-bim-tools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5022</span> Standard-with-Dialects in the Mandarin Dialect Region: Diglossia and Language Choice in Xinle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xi%20Zhang">Xi Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Much has been written about the promotion of Standard Mandarin and the negative effects it may have had on the development of non-Mandarin dialects. Less discussed, however, is the fate of northern Chinese dialects that are only marginally different from Standard Mandarin and the effect Standard Mandarin promotion may have had on such dialects. In this paper, we seek to bridge this gap by looking at language preferences in the family and the generational differences that they reflect. Specifically, we survey Mandarin dialect speakers from Xinle county in Hebei province, whose local dialect is similar but not identical to Standard Mandarin. We sample more than 160 families with pre-middle school children and ask the parents a series of questions that probe language behavior, language ability, and language attitude within the family with regard to educating the young. Our study shows that although most parents still speak the Xinle dialect, Standard Mandarin has become the language taught to the majority of children. We also show that only one-third of parents choose to preserve elements of Xinle dialect in the language they teach to their children. We analyze the possible factors (e.g., subjective, geographical, social, and external) that influence language choice and show how these factors collectively contribute to the current state of family language choice for educational purposes. Finally, based on our findings, we offer recommendations for coordinating the promotion of Standard Mandarin and dialect preservation in similar Mandarin-speaking regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diglossia" title="Diglossia">Diglossia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20planning" title=" language planning"> language planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandarin" title=" Mandarin"> Mandarin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard-with-dialects" title=" standard-with-dialects"> standard-with-dialects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161223/standard-with-dialects-in-the-mandarin-dialect-region-diglossia-and-language-choice-in-xinle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5021</span> The Effect of Technology on Legal Securities and Privacy Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Samuel%20Reyad%20Farhan">Nancy Samuel Reyad Farhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> even though international crook law has grown considerably inside the ultimate decades, it still remains fragmented and lacks doctrinal cohesiveness. Its idea is defined within the doctrine as pretty disputable. there is no concrete definition of the term. in the home doctrine, the hassle of crook law troubles that rise up within the worldwide setting, and international troubles that get up in the national crook regulation, is underdeveloped each theoretically and nearly. To the exceptional of writer’s know-how, there aren't any studies describing worldwide elements of crook law in a complete way, taking a more expansive view of the difficulty. This paper provides consequences of a part of the doctoral studies, assignment a theoretical framework of the worldwide crook law. It ambitions at checking out the present terminology on international components of criminal law. It demonstrates differences among the notions of global crook regulation, criminal regulation international and law worldwide crook. It confronts the belief of crook regulation with associated disciplines and indicates their interplay. It specifies the scope of international criminal regulation. It diagnoses the contemporary criminal framework of global components of criminal regulation, referring to each crook law issues that rise up inside the international setting, and international problems that rise up within the context of national criminal law. ultimately, de lege lata postulates had been formulated and route of modifications in global criminal law turned into proposed. The followed studies hypothesis assumed that the belief of international criminal regulation became inconsistent, not understood uniformly, and there has been no conformity as to its location inside the system of regulation, objective and subjective scopes, while the domestic doctrine did not correspond with international requirements and differed from the global doctrine. applied research strategies covered inter alia a dogmatic and legal technique, an analytical technique, a comparative approach, in addition to desk studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20privacy%20issues" title="social networks privacy issues">social networks privacy issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20security%20issues" title=" social networks security issues"> social networks security issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20privacy%20precautions%20measures" title=" social networks privacy precautions measures"> social networks privacy precautions measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20security%20precautions%20measures" title=" social networks security precautions measures"> social networks security precautions measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190040/the-effect-of-technology-on-legal-securities-and-privacy-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">31</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5020</span> The Role of BPSK (Consumer Dispute Settlement Body) in the Monitoring of Standard Clause Inclusion within Indonesian Customer Protection Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deviana%20Yuanitasari">Deviana Yuanitasari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid development of world commerce and trade nowadays has created fast-paced demand in every business activities and transactions. That also includes the need for ready to use and practical form of standard contract. For the company or business owner, the use of standard contract is an alternative way to achieve economic goals faster, effectively and efficiently. In the other hand, for the consumer the practice of using standard contract usually unfavorable, because the contract clauses usually have been defined by the company and cannot be individually negotiated. That means consumer cannot influence the substances of the contract clauses. The purpose of this study is to get deeper understanding and analyze the role of Consumer Dispute Settlement Body in the monitoring of standard clause inclusion by businesses and industries within the context of practicing consumer protection law. Furthermore, this study will focus on the procedure of sanction and the effectiveness of the sanction for the business practitioners which disregard the inclusion of the prohibited standard clause. Therefore, this study will depict the law issues and other phenomenon that related with the role of Consumer Dispute Settlement Body in monitoring the inclusion of standard clause and procedure of sanction for the business practitioners that still use exemption clause within Consumer Protection Law System. This study results that BPSK has been assigned to monitor the inclusion of standard clause and settle consumer dispute. At this stage, BPSK role is passive, which means BPSK only takes an action if there are consumer complaints. The procedure of sanction is not part of BPSK tasks, since should there be a violation of standard clause; BPSK can only ask the business practitioners to remove the prohibited clause and not give a sanction. As a result, the procedure of sanction rule for the Standard Clause violation in this context can be considered as ineffective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20contract" title="standard contract">standard contract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20clause" title=" standard clause"> standard clause</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20protection%20law" title=" consumer protection law"> consumer protection law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20dispute%20settlement%20body" title=" consumer dispute settlement body"> consumer dispute settlement body</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32003/the-role-of-bpsk-consumer-dispute-settlement-body-in-the-monitoring-of-standard-clause-inclusion-within-indonesian-customer-protection-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5019</span> British English vs. American English: A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Benazzouz">Halima Benazzouz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is often believed that British English and American English are the foremost varieties of the English Language serving as reference norms for other varieties;that is the reason why they have obviously been compared and contrasted.Meanwhile,the terms “British English” and “American English” are used differently by different people to refer to: 1) Two national varieties each subsuming regional and other sub-varieties standard and non-standard. 2) Two national standard varieties in which each one is only part of the range of English within its own state, but the most prestigious part. 3) Two international varieties, that is each is more than a national variety of the English Language. 4) Two international standard varieties that may or may not each subsume other standard varieties.Furthermore,each variety serves as a reference norm for users of the language elsewhere. Moreover, without a clear identification, as primarily belonging to one variety or the other, British English(Br.Eng) and American English (Am.Eng) are understood as national or international varieties. British English and American English are both “variants” and “varieties” of the English Language, more similar than different.In brief, the following may justify general categories of difference between Standard American English (S.Am.E) and Standard British English (S.Br.e) each having their own sociolectic value: A difference in pronunciation exists between the two foremost varieties, although it is the same spelling, by contrast, a divergence in spelling may be recognized, eventhough the same pronunciation. In such case, the same term is different but there is a similarity in spelling and pronunciation. Otherwise, grammar, syntax, and punctuation are distinctively used to distinguish the two varieties of the English Language. Beyond these differences, spelling is noted as one of the chief sources of variation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greek" title="Greek">Greek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latin" title=" Latin"> Latin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=French%20pronunciation%20expert" title=" French pronunciation expert"> French pronunciation expert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varieties%20of%20English%20language" title=" varieties of English language"> varieties of English language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15569/british-english-vs-american-english-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5018</span> A Case for Ethics Practice under the Revised ISO 14001:2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reuben%20Govender">Reuben Govender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20L.%20Woermann"> M. L. Woermann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ISO 14001 management system standard was first published in 1996. It is a voluntary standard adopted by both private and public sector organizations globally. Adoption of the ISO 14001 standard at the corporate level is done to help manage business impacts on the environment e.g. pollution control. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) revised the standard in 2004 and recently in 2015. The current revision of the standard appears to adopt a communitarian-type philosophy. The inclusion of requirements to consider external 'interested party' needs and expectations implies this philosophy. Therefore, at operational level businesses implementing ISO 14001 will have to consider needs and expectations beyond local laws. Should these external needs and expectations be included in the scope of the environmental management system, they become requirements to be complied with in much the same way as compliance to laws. The authors assert that the recent changes to ISO 14001 introduce an ethical dimension to the standard. The authors assert that business ethics as a discipline now finds relevance in ISO 14001 via contemporary stakeholder theory and discourse ethics. Finally, the authors postulate implications of (not) addressing these requirements before July 2018 when transition to the revised standard must be complete globally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20ethics" title="business ethics">business ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20ethics" title=" environmental ethics"> environmental ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics%20practice" title=" ethics practice"> ethics practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2014001%3A2015" title=" ISO 14001:2015"> ISO 14001:2015</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66618/a-case-for-ethics-practice-under-the-revised-iso-140012015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5017</span> When English Learners Speak “Non-Standard” English</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gloria%20Chen">Gloria Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past, when we complimented someone who had a good command of English, we would say ‘She/He speaks/writes standard English,’ or ‘His/Her English is standard.’ However, with English has becoming a ‘global language,’ many scholars and English users even create a plural form for English as ‘world Englishes,’ which indicates that national/racial varieties of English not only exist, but also are accepted to a certain degree. Now, a question will be raised when it comes to English teaching and learning: ‘What variety/varieties of English should be taught?’ This presentation will first explore Braj Kachru’s well-known categorization of the inner circle, the outer circle, and the expanding circle of English users, as well as inner circle varieties such as ‘Ebonics’ and ‘cockney’. The presentation then will discuss the purposes and contexts of English learning, and apply different approaches to different purposes and contexts. Three major purposes of English teaching/learning will be emphasized and considered: (1) communicative competence, (2) academic competence, and (3) intercultural competence. This presentation will complete with the strategies of ‘code switch’ and ‘register switch’ in teaching English to non-standard English speakers in both speaking and writing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20Englishes" title="world Englishes">world Englishes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20and%20non-standard%20English" title=" standard and non-standard English"> standard and non-standard English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inner" title=" inner"> inner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outer" title=" outer"> outer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expanded%20circle%20communicative" title=" expanded circle communicative"> expanded circle communicative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic" title=" academic"> academic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20competence" title=" intercultural competence"> intercultural competence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52620/when-english-learners-speak-non-standard-english" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5016</span> Injection Practices among Private Medical Practitioners of Karachi Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Tahir%20Yousafzai">Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nighat%20Nisar"> Nighat Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehana%20Khalil"> Rehana Khalil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to assess the practices of sharp injuries and factors leading to it among medical practitioners in slum areas of Karachi, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted in slum areas of Landhi Town Karachi. All medical practitioners (317) running the private clinics in the areas were asked to participate in the study. Data was collected on self administered pre-tested structured questionnaires. The frequency with percentage and 95% confidence interval was calculated for at least one sharp injury (SI) in the last one year. The factors leading to sharp injuries were assessed using multiple logistic regressions. About 80% of private medical practitioners consented to participate. Among these 87% were males and 13% were female. The mean age was 38±11 years and mean work experience was 12±9 years. The frequency of at least one sharp injury in the last one year was 27%(95% CI: 22.2-32). Almost 47% of Sharp Injuries were caused by needle recapping, less work experience, less than 14 years of schooling, more than 20 patients per day, administering more than 30 injections per day, reuse of syringes and needle recapping after use were significantly associated with sharp injuries. Injection practices were found inadequate among private medical practitioners in slum areas of Karachi, and the frequency of Sharp Injuries was found high in these areas. There is a risk of occupational transmission of blood borne infections among medical practitioners warranting an urgent need for launching awareness and training on standard precautions for private medical practitioners in the slum areas of Karachi. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20practices" title="injection practices">injection practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20practitioners" title=" private practitioners"> private practitioners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp%20injuries" title=" sharp injuries"> sharp injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20borne%20infections" title=" blood borne infections "> blood borne infections </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13927/injection-practices-among-private-medical-practitioners-of-karachi-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5015</span> The Prevalence of Blood-Borne Viral Infections among Autopsy Cases in Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20Al-Abdallat">Emad Al-Abdallat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20G.%20Bakri"> Faris G. Bakri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azmi%20Mahafza"> Azmi Mahafza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayyan%20Al%20Ali"> Rayyan Al Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nidaa%20Ababneh"> Nidaa Ababneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Idhair"> Ahmed Idhair </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Morgues are high-risk areas for the spread of infection from the cadavers to the staff during the postmortem examination. Infection can spread from corpses to workers by the airborne route, by direct contact, or from needle and sharp object injuries. Objective: Knowledge about the prevalence of these infections among autopsies is prudent to appreciate any risk of transmission and to further enforce safety measures. Method: A total of 242 autopsies were tested. Age ranged from 3 days to 94 years (median 75.5 years, mean 45.3 (21.9 ± SD)). There were 172 (71%) males. Results: The cause of death was considered natural in 137 (56.6%) cases, accidental in 89 (36.8%), homicidal in 9 (3.7%), suicidal in 4 (1.7%), and unknown in 3 (1.2%). Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 5 (2.1%) cases. Hepatitis C virus antibody was detected in 5 (2.1%) cases and the hepatitis C virus polymerase chain reaction was positive in 2 of them (0.8%). HIV antibody was not detected in any of the cases. Conclusions: Autopsies can be associated with exposure to blood borne viruses. Autopsies performed during the study period were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibody, and human immunodeficiency virus antibody. Positive tests were subsequently confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. There is low prevalence of infections with these viruses in our autopsy cases. However, the risk of transmission remains a threat. Healthcare workers in the forensic departments should adhere to standard precautions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autopsy" title="autopsy">autopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20B%20virus" title=" hepatitis B virus"> hepatitis B virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20C%20virus" title=" hepatitis C virus"> hepatitis C virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20immunodeficiency%20virus" title=" human immunodeficiency virus"> human immunodeficiency virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan" title=" Jordan"> Jordan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52932/the-prevalence-of-blood-borne-viral-infections-among-autopsy-cases-in-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5014</span> Non-Standard Monetary Policy Measures and Their Consequences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandra%20Noco%C5%84%20%28Szunke%29">Aleksandra Nocoń (Szunke)</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study is a review of the literature concerning the consequences of non-standard monetary policy, which are used by central banks during unconventional periods, threatening instability of the banking sector. In particular, the attention was paid to the effects of non-standard monetary policy tools for financial markets. However, the empirical evidence about their effects and real consequences for the financial markets are still not final. The main aim of the study is to survey the consequences of standard and non-standard monetary policy instruments, implemented during the global financial crisis in the United States, United Kingdom and Euroland, with particular attention to the results for the stabilization of global financial markets. The study analyses the consequences for short and long-term market interest rates, interbank interest rates and LIBOR-OIS spread. The study consists mainly of the empirical review, indicating the impact of the implementation of these tools for the financial markets. The following research methods were used in the study: literature studies, including domestic and foreign literature, cause and effect analysis and statistical analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset%20purchase%20facility" title="asset purchase facility">asset purchase facility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consequences%20of%20monetary%20policy%20instruments" title=" consequences of monetary policy instruments"> consequences of monetary policy instruments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-standard%20monetary%20policy" title=" non-standard monetary policy"> non-standard monetary policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20easing" title=" quantitative easing"> quantitative easing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15292/non-standard-monetary-policy-measures-and-their-consequences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5013</span> A Non-Standard Finite Difference Scheme for the Solution of Laplace Equation with Dirichlet Boundary Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Moaddy">Khaled Moaddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a fast and accurate numerical scheme for the solution of a Laplace equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The non-standard finite difference scheme (NSFD) is applied to construct the numerical solutions of a Laplace equation with two different Dirichlet boundary conditions. The solutions obtained using NSFD are compared with the solutions obtained using the standard finite difference scheme (SFD). The NSFD scheme is demonstrated to be reliable and efficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20finite%20difference%20schemes" title="standard finite difference schemes">standard finite difference schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-standard%20schemes" title=" non-standard schemes"> non-standard schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplace%20equation" title=" Laplace equation"> Laplace equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirichlet%20boundary%20conditions" title=" Dirichlet boundary conditions"> Dirichlet boundary conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119718/a-non-standard-finite-difference-scheme-for-the-solution-of-laplace-equation-with-dirichlet-boundary-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5012</span> Experimental Investigation of Powder Holding Capacities of H13 and H14 Class Activated Carbon Filters Based on En 779 Standard</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20I%C5%9F%C4%B1kta%C5%9F">Abdullah Işıktaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevser%20Dincer"> Kevser Dincer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of HEPA filters for air conditioning systems in clean rooms tends to increase progressively in pharmaceutical, food stuff industries and in hospitals. There are two standards widely used for HEPA filters; the EN 1822 standards published by the European Union, CEN (European Committee for Standardization) and the US based IEST standard (Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology. Both standards exhibit some differences in the definitions of efficiency and its measurement methods. While IEST standard defines efficiency at the grit diameter of 0.3 µm, the EN 1822 standard takes MPPS (Most Penetrating Particle Size) as the basis of its definition. That is, the most difficult grit size to catch up. On the other hand, while IEST suggests that photometer and grit counters be used for filter testing, in EN 1822 standard, only the grit (grain) counters are recommended for that purpose. In this study, powder holding capacities of H13 and H14 grade materials under the EN 779 standard are investigated experimentally by using activated carbon. Measurements were taken on an experimental set up based on the TS 932 standard. Filter efficiency was measured by injecting test powder at amounts predetermined in the standards into the filters at certain intervals. The data obtained showed that the powder holding capacities of the activated carbon filter are high enough to yield efficiency of around 90% and that the H13 and H14 filters exhibit high efficiency suitable for the standard used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon%20filters" title="activated carbon filters">activated carbon filters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEPA%20filters" title=" HEPA filters"> HEPA filters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20holding%20capacities" title=" powder holding capacities"> powder holding capacities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20conditioning%20systems" title=" air conditioning systems"> air conditioning systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11620/experimental-investigation-of-powder-holding-capacities-of-h13-and-h14-class-activated-carbon-filters-based-on-en-779-standard" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5011</span> X̄ and S Control Charts based on Weighted Standard Deviation Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derya%20Karag%C3%B6z">Derya Karagöz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Shewhart chart based on normality assumption is not appropriate for skewed distributions since its Type-I error rate is inflated. This study presents X̄ and S control charts for monitoring the process variability for skewed distributions. We propose Weighted Standard Deviation (WSD) X̄ and S control charts. Standard deviation estimator is applied to monitor the process variability for estimating the process standard deviation, in the case of the W SD X̄ and S control charts as this estimator is simple and easy to compute. Unlike the Shewhart control chart, the proposed charts provide asymmetric limits in accordance with the direction and degree of skewness to construct the upper and lower limits. The performances of the proposed charts are compared with other heuristic charts for skewed distributions by using Simulation study. The Simulation studies show that the proposed control charts have good properties for skewed distributions and large sample sizes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20standard%20deviation" title="weighted standard deviation">weighted standard deviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAD" title=" MAD"> MAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skewed%20distributions" title=" skewed distributions"> skewed distributions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%20control%20charts" title=" S control charts"> S control charts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45730/x-and-s-control-charts-based-on-weighted-standard-deviation-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5010</span> A Literature Review on ISO 10014</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Feldmann%20Farias">Rafael Feldmann Farias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Tobal%20Berssaneti"> Fernando Tobal Berssaneti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since its emergence in 1998, ISO 10014 has been developed as a response to the need to demonstrate the economic and financial benefits that an organization can obtain from the implementation of a quality management system. With the publication of the new edition in 2021, this article aims to identify how this standard has been addressed through a literature review. Among the results, it was found that, of the 282 documents identified, only 0.7% of the publications used the standard and 1.4% of the publications cited it. This low adherence seems to be linked to the highly technical nature of the content of the standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20management%20system" title="quality management system">quality management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2010014" title=" ISO 10014"> ISO 10014</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economical%20benefits" title=" economical benefits"> economical benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20benefits" title=" financial benefits"> financial benefits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148412/a-literature-review-on-iso-10014" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5009</span> Computational Modeling of Perpendicular to Grain Stress in a Non-Standard Glulam Beam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wojciech%20Gilewski">Wojciech Gilewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Al%20Sabouni-Zawadzka"> Anna Al Sabouni-Zawadzka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Pelczynski"> Jan Pelczynski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the analysis of tensile stresses perpendicular to the grain in simply supported beams with different geometry made of glued laminated timber. Two types of beams are considered: standard double-tapered beams described in Eurocode 5 and non-standard glulam beams with a flattened apex. The beams are analyzed using two methodology approaches: a code design verification method and a finite element method (FEM) in terms of the linear theory of elasticity with plane stress assumption. The performed analyses proved that both methodologies lead to consistent results in case of standard glulam beams and therefore, the FEM can be used in case of non-standard structures, which are not included in Eurocode 5. Moreover, the FE analysis of the glulam beam with a flattened apex showed that it can be treated as a structure with two apex zones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-tapered%20beams" title="double-tapered beams">double-tapered beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glued%20laminated%20timber" title=" glued laminated timber"> glued laminated timber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perpendicular%20to%20grain%20stress" title=" perpendicular to grain stress"> perpendicular to grain stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77546/computational-modeling-of-perpendicular-to-grain-stress-in-a-non-standard-glulam-beam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5008</span> Analysis of the Acoustic Performance of Vertical Internal Seals with Pet Wool as NBR 15.575-4NO Green Towers Building-DF</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucas%20Aerre">Lucas Aerre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wallesson%20Faria"> Wallesson Faria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Pimentel"> Roberto Pimentel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20Santos"> Juliana Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An extremely disturbing and irritating element in the lives of people and organizations is the noise, the consequences that can bring us has a lot of connection with human health as well as financial and economic aspects. In order to improve the efficiency of buildings in Brazil in general, a performance standard was created, NBR 15.575 in which all buildings are seen in a more systemic and peculiar way, while following the requirements of the standard. The acoustic performance present in these buildings is one such requirement. Based on this, the present work was elaborated with the objective of evaluating through acoustic measurements the acoustic performance of vertical internal fences that are under the incidence of aerial noise of a building in the city of Brasilia-DF. A short theoretical basis is made and soon after the procedures of measurement are described through the control method established by the standard, and its results are evaluated according to the parameters of the same. The measurement performed between rooms of the same unit, presented a standardized sound pressure level difference (D nT, w) equal to 40 dB, thus being classified within the minimum performance required by the standard in question. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airborne%20noise" title="airborne noise">airborne noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20standard" title=" performance standard"> performance standard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soundproofing" title=" soundproofing"> soundproofing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20seal" title=" vertical seal"> vertical seal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67389/analysis-of-the-acoustic-performance-of-vertical-internal-seals-with-pet-wool-as-nbr-15575-4no-green-towers-building-df" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> 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