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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Gubernatorial campaigns (1924–1928) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Gubernatorial_campaigns_(1924–1928)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1924_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1924_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 1924 election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1924_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1928_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1928_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 1928 election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1928_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Louisiana_governorship_(1928–1932)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Louisiana_governorship_(1928–1932)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Louisiana governorship (1928–1932) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Louisiana_governorship_(1928–1932)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Louisiana governorship (1928–1932) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Louisiana_governorship_(1928–1932)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 First year </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impeachment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impeachment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Impeachment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impeachment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Senate campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senator-elect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senator-elect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Senator-elect </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senator-elect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accomplishments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accomplishments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Accomplishments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accomplishments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Senate_(1932–1935)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Senate_(1932–1935)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 U.S. Senate (1932–1935) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-U.S._Senate_(1932–1935)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle U.S. Senate (1932–1935) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-U.S._Senate_(1932–1935)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Senator </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roosevelt_and_the_New_Deal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roosevelt_and_the_New_Deal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Roosevelt and the New Deal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roosevelt_and_the_New_Deal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chaco_War_and_foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chaco_War_and_foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Chaco War and foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chaco_War_and_foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Share_Our_Wealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Share_Our_Wealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Share Our Wealth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Share_Our_Wealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continued_control_over_Louisiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continued_control_over_Louisiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Continued control over Louisiana </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continued_control_over_Louisiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1935:_Final_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1935:_Final_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 1935: Final year </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1935:_Final_year-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1935: Final year subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1935:_Final_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1936_presidential_ambitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1936_presidential_ambitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 1936 presidential ambitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1936_presidential_ambitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Increased_tensions_in_Louisiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Increased_tensions_in_Louisiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Increased tensions in Louisiana </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Increased_tensions_in_Louisiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Assassination </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Historical reputation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Written_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Written_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Written works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Written_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recorded_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recorded_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Recorded works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recorded_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes and references </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes and references subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Huey Long</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" > 31 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA" title="هيوي لونغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيوي لونغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B9_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Χιούι Λονγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χιούι Λονγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C._%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="هوی پی. لانگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هوی پی. لانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Pierce_Long" title="Huey Pierce Long – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Huey Pierce Long" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9C%B4%EC%9D%B4_%EB%A1%B1" title="휴이 롱 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="휴이 롱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Հյուի Լոնգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուի Լոնգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Pierce_Long" title="Huey Pierce Long – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Huey Pierce Long" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="יואי לונג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יואי לונג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Pierce_Long" title="Huey Pierce Long – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Huey Pierce Long" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC_(%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89)" title="هيوى لونج (محامى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيوى لونج (محامى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long_(politicus)" title="Huey Long (politicus) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Huey Long (politicus)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="ヒューイ・ロング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒューイ・ロング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%B8" title="Лонг, Хьюи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лонг, Хьюи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Huey Long" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%27%D1%8E%D1%97_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Г'юї Лонг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Г'юї Лонг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9C%97" title="休伊·皮爾斯·朗 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="休伊·皮爾斯·朗" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9C%97" title="休伊·皮尔斯·朗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="休伊·皮尔斯·朗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q314384#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1893–1935)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Kingfish" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kingfish_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kingfish (disambiguation)">Kingfish (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huey_Long_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Huey Long (disambiguation)">Huey Long (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Huey Long</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:HueyPLongGesture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Long with both arms raised while speaking" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/HueyPLongGesture.jpg/220px-HueyPLongGesture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/HueyPLongGesture.jpg/330px-HueyPLongGesture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/HueyPLongGesture.jpg/440px-HueyPLongGesture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2921" data-file-height="3209" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Long in 1935</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 25, 1932 – September 10, 1935</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Ransdell" title="Joseph E. Ransdell">Joseph E. Ransdell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rose_McConnell_Long" title="Rose McConnell Long">Rose McConnell Long</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">40th <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of governors of Louisiana">Governor of Louisiana</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office May 21, 1928 – January 25, 1932</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_N._Cyr" title="Paul N. Cyr">Paul N. Cyr</a></li><li>Alvin O. King</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oramel_H._Simpson" title="Oramel H. Simpson">Oramel H. Simpson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Olin_King" title="Alvin Olin King">Alvin O. King</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1893-08-30)August 30, 1893 <a href="/wiki/Winnfield,_Louisiana" title="Winnfield, Louisiana">Winnfield, Louisiana</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 10, 1935(1935-09-10) (aged 42) <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge, Louisiana</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manner of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Huey_Long" title="Assassination of Huey Long">Assassination</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gunshot_wound" title="Gunshot wound">gunshot wound</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Capitol" title="Louisiana State Capitol">Louisiana State Capitol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rose_McConnell_Long" title="Rose McConnell Long">Rose McConnell</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1913)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3; including <a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Long_family" title="Long family">Long family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician, lawyer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Huey_Long_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huey Long's signature"><img alt="Cursive signature on ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Huey_Long_Signature.svg/128px-Huey_Long_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Huey_Long_Signature.svg/192px-Huey_Long_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Huey_Long_Signature.svg/256px-Huey_Long_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="105" /></a></td></tr><tr><td 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Huey_Long_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Huey_Long_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Huey_Long_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Huey_Long_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="1464" /></a></td> <td style="background:#34AAE0; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;"><div style="font-size:88%; line-height:normal;">This article is part of a series about</div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huey Long</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Huey_Long" title="Political views of Huey Long">Political views</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Early_life_(1893–1915)">Early life</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Legal_career_(1915–1923)">Early career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_Long_in_culture" title="Huey Long in culture">In culture</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of governors of Louisiana">Governor of Louisiana</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1924 Louisiana gubernatorial election">1924 campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1928 Louisiana gubernatorial election">1928 election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Capitol" title="Louisiana State Capitol">State Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton-Holiday" title="Cotton-Holiday">Cotton-Holiday</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">U.S. Senator from Louisiana</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Huey_Long" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Huey Long">Tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_War" title="Chaco War">Chaco War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_Our_Wealth" title="Share Our Wealth">Share Our Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Huey_Long" title="Assassination of Huey Long">Assassination</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Progress_(newspaper)" title="American Progress (newspaper)">American Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Every_Man_a_King_(autobiography)" title="Every Man a King (autobiography)">Every Man a King (book)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Every_Man_a_King_(song)" title="Every Man a King (song)">"Every Man a King" (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_First_Days_in_the_White_House" title="My First Days in the White House">My First Days in the White House</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Louisiana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Seal_of_Louisiana.svg/60px-Seal_of_Louisiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Seal_of_Louisiana.svg/90px-Seal_of_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Seal_of_Louisiana.svg/120px-Seal_of_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Huey_Long_series" title="Template:Huey Long series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Huey_Long_series" title="Template talk:Huey Long series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Huey_Long_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Huey Long series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Huey Pierce Long Jr. (August 30, 1893 – September 10, 1935), nicknamed "The Kingfish", was an American politician who served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of governors of Louisiana">40th governor of Louisiana</a> from 1928 to 1932 and as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States senator">United States senator</a> from 1932 until <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Huey_Long" title="Assassination of Huey Long">his assassination</a> in 1935. He was a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">left-wing populist</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> and rose to national prominence during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> for his vocal criticism of President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> and his <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>, which Long deemed insufficiently radical. As the political leader of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, he commanded wide networks of supporters and often took forceful action. A controversial figure, Long is celebrated as a populist champion of the poor or, conversely, denounced as a <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> <a href="/wiki/Demagogue" title="Demagogue">demagogue</a>. Long was born in the impoverished north of Louisiana in 1893. After working as a traveling salesman and briefly attending three colleges, he was <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">admitted to the bar</a> in Louisiana. Following a short career as an attorney, in which he frequently represented poor plaintiffs, Long was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Public_Service_Commission" title="Louisiana Public Service Commission">Louisiana Public Service Commission</a>. As Commissioner, he prosecuted large corporations such as <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a>, a lifelong target of his rhetorical attacks. After Long successfully argued before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> and former president <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> praised him as "the most brilliant lawyer who ever practiced before the United States Supreme Court". After a failed 1924 campaign, Long appealed to the sharp economic and class divisions in Louisiana to win the <a href="/wiki/1928_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1928 Louisiana gubernatorial election">1928 gubernatorial election</a>. Once in office, he expanded social programs, organized massive public works projects, such as a modern highway system and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Capitol" title="Louisiana State Capitol">the tallest capitol building in the nation</a>, and proposed a <a href="/wiki/Cotton-Holiday" title="Cotton-Holiday">cotton holiday</a>. Through political maneuvering, Long became the <a href="/wiki/Political_boss" title="Political boss">political boss</a> of Louisiana. He was <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment in the United States">impeached</a> in 1929 for abuses of power, but the proceedings collapsed in the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Senate" title="Louisiana State Senate">State Senate</a>. His opponents argued his policies and methods were unconstitutional and authoritarian. At its climax, Long's political opposition organized a minor insurrection in 1935. Long was <a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_Senate_election_in_Louisiana" title="1930 United States Senate election in Louisiana">elected to the U.S. Senate in 1930</a> but did not assume his seat until 1932. He established himself as an <a href="/wiki/United_States_non-interventionism" title="United States non-interventionism">isolationist</a>, arguing that <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a> orchestrated American foreign policy. He was instrumental in securing Roosevelt's 1932 nomination but split with him in 1933, becoming a prominent critic of his New Deal. As an alternative, he proposed the <a href="/wiki/Share_Our_Wealth" title="Share Our Wealth">Share Our Wealth</a> plan in 1934. To stimulate the economy, he advocated massive federal spending, a <a href="/wiki/Wealth_tax" title="Wealth tax">wealth tax</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wealth_redistribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth redistribution">wealth redistribution</a>. These proposals drew widespread support, with millions joining local Share Our Wealth clubs. Poised for a <a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936 presidential bid</a>, Long was assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Weiss" title="Carl Weiss">Carl Weiss</a> inside the Louisiana State Capitol in 1935. His assassin was immediately shot and killed by Long's bodyguards. Although Long's movement faded, Roosevelt adopted many of his proposals in the <a href="/wiki/Second_New_Deal" title="Second New Deal">Second New Deal</a>, and Louisiana politics would be organized along anti- or pro-Long factions until the 1960s. He left behind <a href="/wiki/Long_family" title="Long family">a political dynasty</a> that included his wife, Senator <a href="/wiki/Rose_McConnell_Long" title="Rose McConnell Long">Rose McConnell Long</a>; his son, Senator <a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell B. Long</a>; and his brother, Governor <a href="/wiki/Earl_Long" title="Earl Long">Earl Long</a>, among others. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_(1893–1915)">Early life (1893–1915)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life (1893–1915)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood">edit</a>]</div> Huey Pierce Long Jr. was born on August 30, 1893, near <a href="/wiki/Winnfield,_Louisiana" title="Winnfield, Louisiana">Winnfield</a>, a small town in north-central <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, the seat of <a href="/wiki/Winn_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Winn Parish, Louisiana">Winn Parish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-white5-1">[1]</a> Although Long often told followers he was born in a <a href="/wiki/Log_cabin#Symbolism" title="Log cabin">log cabin</a> to an impoverished family, they lived in a "comfortable" farmhouse and were well-off compared to others in Winnfield.<a href="#cite_note-white5-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Winn Parish was impoverished, and its residents, mostly <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptists</a>, were often outsiders in Louisiana's political system.<a href="#cite_note-white5-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy,_David_page_235-4">[4]</a> During the Civil War, Winn Parish had been a stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America#Southern_Unionism" title="Confederate States of America">Unionism</a> in an otherwise <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> state. At Louisiana's 1861 convention on <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_secession" title="Louisiana secession">secession</a>, the delegate from Winn voted to remain in the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> saying: "Who wants to fight to keep the Negroes for the wealthy planters?"<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[note 1]</a> In the 1890s, the parish was a bastion of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist Party</a>, and in the 1912 election, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist</a> presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a> received 35% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-Kennedy,_David_page_235-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Long embraced these <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a> sentiments.<a href="#cite_note-Kennedy,_David_page_236-8">[7]</a> One of nine children,<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a> Long was home-schooled until age eleven. In the public system, he earned a reputation as an excellent student with a remarkable memory and convinced his teachers to let him <a href="/wiki/Grade_skipping" title="Grade skipping">skip</a> seventh grade. At Winnfield High School, he and his friends formed a secret society, advertising their exclusivity by wearing a red ribbon. According to Long, his club's mission was "to run things, laying down certain rules the students would have to follow".<a href="#cite_note-white8-9">[8]</a> The faculty learned of Long's antics and warned him to obey the school's rules. Long continued to rebel, writing and distributing a flyer that criticized his teachers and the necessity of a recently state-mandated fourth year of secondary education, for which he was expelled in 1910. Although Long successfully petitioned to fire the principal, he never returned to high school.<a href="#cite_note-white8-9">[8]</a> As a student, Long proved a capable debater. At a state debate competition in <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton Rouge">Baton Rouge</a>, he won a full-tuition scholarship to <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University" title="Louisiana State University">Louisiana State University</a> (LSU).<a href="#cite_note-white122123-10">[9]</a> Because the scholarship did not cover textbooks or living expenses, his family could not afford for him to attend.<a href="#cite_note-white122123-10">[9]</a> Long was also unable to attend because he did not graduate from high school.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> Instead, he entered the workforce as a <a href="/wiki/Door-to-door" title="Door-to-door">traveling salesman</a> in the rural <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_marriage">Education and marriage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education and marriage">edit</a>]</div> In September 1911, Long started attending seminary classes at <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Baptist_University" title="Oklahoma Baptist University">Oklahoma Baptist University</a> at the urging of his mother, a devout <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a>. Living with his brother George, Long attended for only one semester, rarely appearing at lectures. After deciding he was unsuited to preaching, Long focused on law.<a href="#cite_note-white9-13">[12]</a> Borrowing one hundred dollars from his brother (which he later lost playing roulette in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>), he attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_College_of_Law" title="University of Oklahoma College of Law">University of Oklahoma College of Law</a> for a semester in 1912.<a href="#cite_note-white9-13">[12]</a> To earn money while studying law part-time, he continued to work as a salesman. Of the four classes Long took, he received one incomplete and three C's. He later confessed he learned little because there was "too much excitement, all those gambling houses and everything".<a href="#cite_note-white9-13">[12]</a> Long met <a href="/wiki/Rose_McConnell_Long" title="Rose McConnell Long">Rose McConnell</a> at a baking contest he had promoted to sell <a href="/wiki/Cottolene" title="Cottolene">Cottolene</a> shortening.<a href="#cite_note-white10-11-14">[13]</a> The two began a two-and-a-half-year courtship and married in April 1913 at the Gayoso Hotel in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> On their wedding day, Long had no cash with him and had to borrow $10 from his fiancée to pay the <a href="/wiki/Officiant" title="Officiant">officiant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-white11-16">[15]</a> Shortly after their marriage, Long revealed to his wife his aspirations to run for a statewide office, the governorship, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>, and ultimately the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> The Longs had a daughter named Rose (1917–2006) and two sons: <a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell B. Long</a> (1918–2003), who became a U.S. senator, and Palmer Reid Long (1921–2010), who became an oilman in <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Long enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University_Law_School" title="Tulane University Law School">Tulane University Law School</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> in the fall of 1914.<a href="#cite_note-white9-11-20">[19]</a> After a year of study that concentrated on the courses necessary for the <a href="/wiki/Bar_exam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar exam">bar exam</a>, he successfully petitioned the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Supreme_Court" title="Louisiana Supreme Court">Louisiana Supreme Court</a> for permission to take the test before its scheduled June 1915 date. He was examined in May, passed, and received his license to practice.<a href="#cite_note-white11-12-21">[20]</a> According to Long: "I came out of that courtroom running for office."<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_career_(1915–1923)">Legal career (1915–1923)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legal career (1915–1923)">edit</a>]</div> In 1915, Long established a private practice in Winnfield. He represented poor plaintiffs, usually in <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_compensation" title="Workers' compensation">workers' compensation</a> cases.<a href="#cite_note-hair89-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_p_14-24">[23]</a> Long avoided fighting in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> by obtaining a draft deferment on the grounds that he was married and had a dependent child. He successfully defended from prosecution under the <a href="/wiki/Espionage_Act_of_1917" title="Espionage Act of 1917">Espionage Act of 1917</a> the state senator who had loaned him the money to complete his legal studies, and later claimed he did not serve because, "I was not mad at anybody over there."<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_p_17-25">[24]</a> In 1918, Long invested $1,050 (equivalent to $18,066 in 2020) in a well that struck oil. The <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Oil Company">Standard Oil Company</a> refused to accept any of the oil in its pipelines, costing Long his investment.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> This episode served as the catalyst for Long's lifelong hatred of Standard Oil.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huey_Long_for_Railroad_Commissioner.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A card sporting Long's face surrounded by the text, "I respectfully ask for your vote for railroad commissioner, Huey P. Long"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Huey_Long_for_Railroad_Commissioner.png/180px-Huey_Long_for_Railroad_Commissioner.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Huey_Long_for_Railroad_Commissioner.png/270px-Huey_Long_for_Railroad_Commissioner.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Huey_Long_for_Railroad_Commissioner.png/360px-Huey_Long_for_Railroad_Commissioner.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Card for Long's 1918 campaign for railroad commissioner</figcaption></figure> That same year, Long entered the race to serve on the three-seat <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Public_Service_Commission" title="Louisiana Public Service Commission">Louisiana Railroad Commission</a>. According to historian <a href="/wiki/William_Ivy_Hair" title="William Ivy Hair">William Ivy Hair</a>, Long's political message: <blockquote>... would be repeated until the end of his days: he was a young warrior of and for the plain people, battling the evil giants of Wall Street and their corporations; too much of America's wealth was concentrated in too few hands, and this unfairness was perpetuated by an educational system so stacked against the poor that (according to his statistics) only fourteen out of every thousand children obtained a college education. The way to begin rectifying these wrongs was to turn out of office the corrupt local flunkies of big business ... and elect instead true men of the people, such as [himself].<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a></blockquote> In the Democratic primary, Long polled second behind incumbent Burk Bridges. Since no candidate garnered a majority of the votes, a <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">run-off</a> election was held, for which Long campaigned tirelessly across northern Louisiana. The race was close: Long defeated Burk by just 636 votes.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Although the returns revealed wide support for Long in rural areas, he performed poorly in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-hair89-23">[22]</a> On the Commission, Long forced utilities to lower rates, ordered railroads to extend service to small towns, and demanded that Standard Oil cease the importation of Mexican crude oil and use more oil from Louisiana wells.<a href="#cite_note-white48-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_p_18-31">[30]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1920_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1920 Louisiana gubernatorial election">gubernatorial election of 1920</a>, Long campaigned heavily for <a href="/wiki/John_M._Parker" title="John M. Parker">John M. Parker</a>; today, he is often credited with helping Parker win northern <a href="/wiki/Parishes_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Parishes in Louisiana">parishes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-white96-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> After Parker was elected, the two became bitter rivals. Their break was largely caused by Long's demand and Parker's refusal to declare the state's oil pipelines <a href="/wiki/Public_utilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Public utilities">public utilities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-white96-32">[31]</a> Long was infuriated when Parker allowed oil companies, led by Standard Oil's legal team, to assist in writing <a href="/wiki/Severance_tax" title="Severance tax">severance tax</a> laws. Long denounced Parker as corporate "chattel". The feud climaxed in 1921, when Parker tried unsuccessfully to have Long ousted from the commission.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_p_18-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-white96-32">[31]</a> By 1922, Long had become chairman of the commission, now called the "Public Service Commission".<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_p_17-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-white48-30">[29]</a> That year, Long prosecuted the Cumberland Telephone & Telegraph Company for unfair rate increases; he successfully argued the case on appeal before the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">United States Supreme Court</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> which resulted in cash refunds to thousands of overcharged customers.<a href="#cite_note-sleazy-35">[34]</a> After the decision, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> and former President <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> praised Long as "the most brilliant lawyer who ever practiced" before the court.<a href="#cite_note-:0-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-37">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gubernatorial_campaigns_(1924–1928)">Gubernatorial campaigns (1924–1928)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gubernatorial campaigns (1924–1928)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1924_election">1924 election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1924 election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1924_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1924 Louisiana gubernatorial election">1924 Louisiana gubernatorial election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huey_Long_1924_run.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Card sporting Long's face surrounded by the text "Give the people a governor, Huey P. Long"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Huey_Long_1924_run.jpg/180px-Huey_Long_1924_run.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Huey_Long_1924_run.jpg/270px-Huey_Long_1924_run.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Huey_Long_1924_run.jpg/360px-Huey_Long_1924_run.jpg 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Card for Long's 1924 gubernatorial campaign</figcaption></figure> On August 30, 1923, Long announced his candidacy for the governorship of Louisiana.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a> Long <a href="/wiki/Stump_speech" title="Stump speech">stumped</a> throughout the state, personally distributing circulars and posters. He denounced Governor Parker as a corporate stooge, vilified Standard Oil, and assailed local political bosses.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._19-38">[37]</a> He campaigned in rural areas disenfranchised by the state's political establishment, the "<a href="/wiki/Regular_Democratic_Organization" title="Regular Democratic Organization">Old Regulars</a>". Since the 1877 end of <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>-controlled <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction government</a>, they had controlled most of the state through alliances with local officials.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._19-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kane2930-39">[38]</a> With negligible support for Republicans, Louisiana was essentially a one party state under the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> Old Regulars. Holding mock elections in which they invoked the <a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Lost Cause of the Confederacy</a>, the Old Regulars presided over a corrupt government that largely benefited the <a href="/wiki/Planter_class" title="Planter class">planter class</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kane2930-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> Consequently, Louisiana was one of the least developed states: It had just 300 miles of paved roads and the lowest literacy rate.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> Despite an enthusiastic campaign, Long came third in the primary and was eliminated.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._19-38">[37]</a> Although polls projected only a few thousand votes, he attracted almost 72,000, around 31% of the electorate, and carried 28 parishes—more than either opponent. Limited to sectional appeal, he performed best in the poor rural north.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._19-38">[37]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>'s prominence in Louisiana was the campaign's primary issue. While the two other candidates either strongly opposed or supported the Klan, Long remained neutral, alienating both sides. He also failed to attract <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> voters, which limited his chances in the south of the state. In majority Catholic New Orleans, he polled just 12,000 votes (17%).<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._19-38">[37]</a> Long blamed heavy rain on election day for suppressing voter turnout among his base in the north, where voters could not reach the polls over dirt roads that had turned to mud.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._19-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> It was the only election Long ever lost.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1928_election">1928 election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1928 election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1928_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1928 Louisiana gubernatorial election">1928 Louisiana gubernatorial election</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; font-size: 85%; padding:1.5em"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> And it is here, under this oak, where Evangeline waited in vain for her lover, Gabriel, who never came. This oak is an immortal spot, made so by <a href="/wiki/Evangeline" title="Evangeline">Longfellow's poem</a>, but Evangeline is not the only one who has waited here in disappointment. Where are the schools that you have waited for your children to have, that have never come? Where are the roads and the highways that you sent your money to build, that are no nearer now than ever before? Where are the institutions to care for the sick and disabled? Evangeline wept bitter tears in her disappointment, but it lasted only through one lifetime. Your tears in this country, around this oak, have lasted for generations. Give me the chance to dry the eyes of those who still weep here. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— An example of Long's 1928 campaign rhetoric<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-mor1-46">[45]</a></cite></div> </div> Long spent the intervening four years building his reputation and political organization, particularly in the heavily Catholic urban south. Despite disagreeing with their politics, Long campaigned for Catholic U.S. Senators in 1924 and 1926.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._19-38">[37]</a> Government mismanagement during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mississippi_Flood_of_1927" title="Great Mississippi Flood of 1927">Great Mississippi Flood of 1927</a> gained Long the support of <a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a>, whose land had been affected.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> He formally launched his second campaign for governor in 1927, using the slogan, "Every man a king, but no one wears a crown", a phrase adopted from Democratic presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> Long developed novel campaign techniques, including the use of <a href="/wiki/Sound_trucks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound trucks">sound trucks</a> and radio commercials.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._19-38">[37]</a> His stance on race was unorthodox. According to <a href="/wiki/T._Harry_Williams" title="T. Harry Williams">T. Harry Williams</a>, Long was "the first Southern mass leader to leave aside race baiting and appeals to the Southern tradition and the Southern past and address himself to the social and economic problems of the present".<a href="#cite_note-j265-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[note 2]</a> The campaign sometimes descended into brutality. When the 60-year-old incumbent governor called Long a liar during a chance encounter in the lobby of the <a href="/wiki/The_Roosevelt_New_Orleans" title="The Roosevelt New Orleans">Roosevelt Hotel</a>, Long punched him in the face.<a href="#cite_note-leg-53">[51]</a> In the Democratic primary election, Long polled 126,842 votes: a plurality of 43.9 percent. His margin was the largest in state history, and no opponent chose to face him in a runoff. After earning the Democratic nomination, he easily defeated the Republican nominee in the general election with 96.1 percent of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> At age 35, Long was the youngest person ever elected governor of Louisiana.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._21-55">[53]</a> Some fifteen thousand Louisianians traveled to Baton Rouge for Long's inauguration.<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a> He set up large tents, free drinks, and jazz bands on the capitol grounds, evoking <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="First inauguration of Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson's 1829 inaugural festivities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> His victory was seen as a public backlash against the urban establishment; journalist <a href="/wiki/Hodding_Carter" title="Hodding Carter">Hodding Carter</a> described it as a "fantastic vengeance upon the <a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a> that was called New Orleans".<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a> While previous elections were normally divided culturally and religiously, Long highlighted the sharp economic divide in the state and built a new coalition based on class.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._21-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> Long's strength, said the contemporary novelist <a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Anderson" title="Sherwood Anderson">Sherwood Anderson</a>, relied on "the terrible South ... the beaten, ignorant, Bible-ridden, white South. <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a> occasionally really touches it. It has yet to be paid for."<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Louisiana_governorship_(1928–1932)">Louisiana governorship (1928–1932)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Louisiana governorship (1928–1932)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_year">First year</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: First year">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Louisiana_Governor%27s_Mansion_Long%27s_office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Long's desk in an office" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Old_Louisiana_Governor%27s_Mansion_Long%27s_office.jpg/220px-Old_Louisiana_Governor%27s_Mansion_Long%27s_office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Old_Louisiana_Governor%27s_Mansion_Long%27s_office.jpg/330px-Old_Louisiana_Governor%27s_Mansion_Long%27s_office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Old_Louisiana_Governor%27s_Mansion_Long%27s_office.jpg/440px-Old_Louisiana_Governor%27s_Mansion_Long%27s_office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4708" data-file-height="4840" /></a><figcaption>Long's office in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Louisiana_Governor%27s_Mansion" title="Old Louisiana Governor's Mansion">Governor's Mansion</a></figcaption></figure> Once in office on May 21, 1928, Long moved quickly to consolidate power, firing hundreds of opponents in the state bureaucracy at all ranks from cabinet-level heads of departments to state road workers. Like previous governors, he filled the vacancies with <a href="/wiki/Spoils_system" title="Spoils system">patronage appointments</a> from his network of political supporters.<a href="#cite_note-sleazy-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._26-59">[57]</a> Every state employee who depended on Long for a job was expected to pay a portion of their salary at election time directly into his campaign fund.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> Once his control over the state's political apparatus was strengthened, Long pushed several bills through the 1929 session of the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Legislature" title="Louisiana State Legislature">Louisiana State Legislature</a> to fulfill campaign promises. His bills met opposition from legislators, wealthy citizens, and the media, but Long used aggressive tactics to ensure passage. He would appear unannounced on the floor of both the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Louisiana House of Representatives">House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana Senate">Senate</a> or in House committees, corralling reluctant representatives and state senators and bullying opponents.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> When an opposing legislator once suggested Long was unfamiliar with the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Louisiana" title="Constitution of Louisiana">Louisiana Constitution</a>, he declared, "I'm the Constitution around here now."<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> One program Long approved was a free textbook program for schoolchildren. Long's free school books angered Catholics, who usually sent their children to private schools. Long assured them that the books would be granted directly to all children, regardless of whether they attended public school. Yet this assurance was criticized by conservative <a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism#United_States" title="Constitutionalism">constitutionalists</a>, who claimed it violated the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">separation of church and state</a> and sued Long. The case went to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled in Long's favor.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> Irritated by "immoral" gambling dens and brothels in New Orleans, Long sent the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Army_National_Guard" title="Louisiana Army National Guard">National Guard</a> to raid these establishments with orders to "shoot without hesitation". Gambling equipment was burned, prostitutes were arrested, and over $25,000 (equivalent to $376,793 in 2020) was confiscated for government funds. Local newspapers ran photos of National Guardsmen forcibly searching nude women. City authorities had not requested military force, and martial law had not been declared. The Louisiana attorney general denounced Long's actions as illegal but Long rebuked him, saying: "Nobody asked him for his opinion."<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> Despite wide disapproval, Long had the Governor's Mansion, built in 1887, razed by convicts from the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Penitentiary" title="Louisiana State Penitentiary">State Penitentiary</a> under his personal supervision.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._26-59">[57]</a> In its place, Long had a much <a href="/wiki/Old_Louisiana_Governor%27s_Mansion" title="Old Louisiana Governor's Mansion">larger Georgian mansion</a> built. It bore a strong resemblance to the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>; he reportedly wanted to be familiar with the residence when he became president.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impeachment">Impeachment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Impeachment">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BatonRougeOldStateCapitolSouthFascadeFromSouthwestKaminsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of the Old Louisiana State Capitol, a Gothic style building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/BatonRougeOldStateCapitolSouthFascadeFromSouthwestKaminsky.jpg/220px-BatonRougeOldStateCapitolSouthFascadeFromSouthwestKaminsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/BatonRougeOldStateCapitolSouthFascadeFromSouthwestKaminsky.jpg/330px-BatonRougeOldStateCapitolSouthFascadeFromSouthwestKaminsky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/BatonRougeOldStateCapitolSouthFascadeFromSouthwestKaminsky.jpg/440px-BatonRougeOldStateCapitolSouthFascadeFromSouthwestKaminsky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4666" data-file-height="3690" /></a><figcaption>Long's impeachment was conducted at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Louisiana_State_Capitol" title="Old Louisiana State Capitol">Old Louisiana State Capitol</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 1929, Long called a special legislative session to enact a five-cent per barrel tax on refined oil production to fund his social programs.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> The state's oil interests opposed the bill. Long declared in a radio address that any legislator who refused to support the tax had been "bought" by oil companies. Instead of persuading the legislature, the accusation infuriated many of its members.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> The "dynamite squad", a caucus of opponents led by freshman lawmakers <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Morgan" title="Cecil Morgan">Cecil Morgan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Norman_Bauer" title="Ralph Norman Bauer">Ralph Norman Bauer</a>, introduced an <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment in the United States">impeachment</a> resolution against Long.<a href="#cite_note-Kane_1971,_p._71-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> Nineteen charges were listed, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> to subornation of murder.<a href="#cite_note-impeach-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[note 3]</a> Even Long's lieutenant governor, <a href="/wiki/Paul_N._Cyr" title="Paul N. Cyr">Paul Cyr</a>, supported impeachment; he accused Long of <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">nepotism</a> and alleged he had made corrupt deals with a Texas oil company.<a href="#cite_note-White_2006,_p._65-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[note 4]</a> Concerned, Long tried to close the session. Pro-Long Speaker <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fournet" title="John B. Fournet">John B. Fournet</a> called for a vote to adjourn. Despite most representatives opposing adjournment, the electronic voting board tallied 68 ayes and 13 nays. This sparked confusion; anti-Long representatives began chanting that the voting machine had been rigged.<a href="#cite_note-81">[note 5]</a> Some ran for the speaker's chair to call for a new vote but met resistance from their pro-Long colleagues,<a href="#cite_note-82">[77]</a> sparking a brawl later known as "Bloody Monday".<a href="#cite_note-impeach-74">[72]</a> In the scuffle, legislators threw <a href="/wiki/Inkwells" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkwells">inkwells</a>, allegedly attacked others with <a href="/wiki/Brass_knuckles" title="Brass knuckles">brass knuckles</a>, and Long's brother Earl bit a legislator's neck.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_p_25-83">[78]</a> Following the fight, the legislature voted to remain in session and proceed with impeachment.<a href="#cite_note-impeached-84">[79]</a> Proceedings in the house took place with dozens of witnesses, including a <a href="/wiki/Hula" title="Hula">hula</a> dancer who claimed that Long had been "frisky" with her.<a href="#cite_note-sleazy-35">[34]</a> Impeached on eight of the 19 charges,<a href="#cite_note-86">[note 6]</a> Long was the third Louisiana governor charged in the state's history, following <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay_Warmoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Clay Warmoth">Henry Clay Warmoth</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Kellogg" title="William Pitt Kellogg">William Pitt Kellogg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kane_1971,_p._71-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_p_25-83">[78]</a> Long was frightened by the prospect of conviction, for it would force him from the governorship and permanently disqualify him from holding public office in Louisiana.<a href="#cite_note-87">[81]</a> He took his case to the people with a mass meeting in Baton Rouge, where he alleged that impeachment was a ploy by Standard Oil to thwart his programs.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_p_25-83">[78]</a> The House referred the charges to the Louisiana Senate, in which conviction required a two-thirds majority. Long produced a <a href="/wiki/Round-robin_(document)" title="Round-robin (document)">round robin</a> statement signed by fifteen senators pledging to vote "not guilty" regardless of the evidence. The impeachment process, now futile, was suspended without holding an <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial" title="Impeachment trial">impeachment trial</a>. It has been alleged that both sides used bribes to buy votes and that Long later rewarded the round robin signers with positions or other favors.<a href="#cite_note-88">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[83]</a> Following the failed impeachment attempt, Long treated his opponents ruthlessly. He fired their relatives from state jobs and supported their challengers in elections. Long concluded that extra-legal means would be needed to accomplish his goals: "I used to try to get things done by saying 'please.' Now... I dynamite 'em out of my path."<a href="#cite_note-90">[84]</a> Receiving death threats, he surrounded himself with bodyguards.<a href="#cite_note-hamby-91">[85]</a> Now a resolute critic of the <a href="/wiki/Lying_press" title="Lying press">"lying" press</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._26-59">[57]</a> Long established his own newspaper in March 1930: the <a href="/wiki/American_Progress_(newspaper)" title="American Progress (newspaper)">Louisiana Progress</a>. The paper was extremely popular, widely distributed by policemen, highway workers, and government truckers.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._26-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate_campaign">Senate campaign</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Senate campaign">edit</a>]</div> Shortly after the impeachment, Long—now nicknamed "The Kingfish" after an <a href="/wiki/Amos_%27n%27_Andy" title="Amos 'n' Andy">Amos 'n' Andy</a> character—announced his candidacy for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> in the 1930 Democratic primary.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[88]</a> He framed his campaign as a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a>. If he won, he presumed the public supported his programs over the opposition of the legislature. If he lost, he promised to resign.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a> His opponent was incumbent <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Ransdell" title="Joseph E. Ransdell">Joseph E. Ransdell</a>, the Catholic senator whom Long endorsed in 1924.<a href="#cite_note-Jeansonne_1989_p._287-95">[89]</a> At 72 years old, Ransdell had served in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> since Long was aged six. Aligned with the establishment, Ransdell had the support of all 18 of the state's daily newspapers.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-kane107-96">[90]</a> To combat this, Long purchased two new $30,000 sound trucks and distributed over two million circulars.<a href="#cite_note-97">[91]</a> Although promising not to make personal attacks, Long seized on Ransdell's age, calling him "Old Feather Duster".<a href="#cite_note-kane107-96">[90]</a> The campaign became increasingly vicious, with <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> calling it "as amusing as it was depressing".<a href="#cite_note-98">[92]</a> Long critic Sam Irby,<a href="#cite_note-99">[note 7]</a> set to testify on Long's corruption to state authorities, was abducted by Long's bodyguards shortly before the election. Irby emerged after the election; he had been missing for four days. Surrounded by Long's guards, he gave a radio address in which he "confessed" that he had actually asked Long for protection.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-sleazy-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[93]</a> The New Orleans mayor labelled it "the most heinous public crime in Louisiana history".<a href="#cite_note-sleazy-35">[34]</a> Ultimately, on September 9, 1930, Long defeated Ransdell by 149,640 (57.3 percent) to 111,451 (42.7 percent).<a href="#cite_note-101">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._29-102">[95]</a> There were accusations of voter fraud against Long; voting records showed people voting in alphabetical order, among them celebrities like <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dempsey" title="Jack Dempsey">Jack Dempsey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-leg-53">[51]</a> Although his Senate term began on March 4, 1931, Long completed most of his four-year term as governor, which did not end until May 1932. He declared that leaving the seat vacant would not hurt Louisiana: "[W]ith Ransdell as Senator, the seat was vacant anyway." By occupying the governorship until January 25, 1932, Long prevented Lieutenant Governor Cyr, who threatened to undo Long's reforms, from succeeding to the office.<a href="#cite_note-Hair_p221-222-103">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[97]</a> In October 1931, Cyr learned Long was in Mississippi and declared himself the state's legitimate governor.<a href="#cite_note-105">[98]</a> In response, Long ordered National Guard troops to surround the Capitol to block Cyr's "coup d'état" and petitioned the Louisiana Supreme Court.<a href="#cite_note-Hair_p221-222-103">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jeansonne_1989_p._287-95">[89]</a> Long successfully argued that Cyr had vacated the office of lieutenant-governor when trying to assume the governorship and had the court eject Cyr.<a href="#cite_note-Hair_p221-222-103">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senator-elect">Senator-elect</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Senator-elect">edit</a>]</div> Now governor and senator-elect, Long returned to completing his legislative agenda with renewed strength. He continued his intimidating practice of presiding over the legislature,<a href="#cite_note-108">[note 8]</a> shouting "Shut up!" or "Sit down!" when legislators voiced their concerns. In a single night, Long passed 44 bills in just two hours: one every three minutes. He later explained his tactics: "<a href="/wiki/Consequentialism" title="Consequentialism">The end justifies the means</a>."<a href="#cite_note-brinkley28-107">[100]</a> Long endorsed pro-Long candidates and wooed others with favors; he often joked his legislature was the "finest collection of lawmakers money can buy".<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a> He organized and concentrated his power into a <a href="/wiki/Political_machine" title="Political machine">political machine</a>: "a one-man" operation, according to Williams.<a href="#cite_note-109">[101]</a> He placed his brother Earl in charge of allotting patronage appointments to local politicians and signing state contracts with businessmen in exchange for loyalty. Long appointed allies to key government positions, such as giving <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maestri" title="Robert Maestri">Robert Maestri</a> the office of Conservation Commissioner and making <a href="/wiki/Oscar_K._Allen" title="Oscar K. Allen">Oscar K. Allen</a> head of the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana Highway Commission">Louisiana Highway Commission</a>. Maestri would deliberately neglect the regulation of energy companies in exchange for industry donations to Long's campaign fund, while Allen took direction from Earl on which construction and supply companies to contract for road work.<a href="#cite_note-110">[102]</a> Concerned by these tactics, Long's opponents charged he had become the virtual dictator of the state.<a href="#cite_note-111">[103]</a> To address record low cotton prices amid a <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression</a> surplus, Long proposed the major cotton-producing states mandate a 1932 "<a href="/wiki/Cotton-Holiday" title="Cotton-Holiday">cotton holiday</a>", which would ban cotton production for the entire year.<a href="#cite_note-112">[104]</a> He further proposed that the holiday be imposed internationally, which some nations, such as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a>, supported.<a href="#cite_note-113">[105]</a> In 1931, Long convened the New Orleans Cotton Conference, attended by delegates from every major cotton-producing state.<a href="#cite_note-114">[106]</a> The delegates agreed to codify Long's proposal into law on the caveat that it would not come into effect until states producing three-quarters of U.S. cotton passed such laws.<a href="#cite_note-115">[107]</a> As the proposer, Louisiana unanimously passed the legislation.<a href="#cite_note-116">[108]</a> When conservative politicians in Texas—the largest cotton producer in the U.S.—rejected the measure, the holiday movement collapsed.<a href="#cite_note-117">[109]</a> Although traditional politicians would have been ruined by such a defeat, Long became a national figure and cemented his image as a champion of the poor.<a href="#cite_note-118">[110]</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Carter Glass</a>, although a fervid critic of Long, credited him with first suggesting <a href="/wiki/Artificial_scarcity" title="Artificial scarcity">artificial scarcity</a> as a solution to the depression.<a href="#cite_note-119">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accomplishments">Accomplishments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Accomplishments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of the Louisiana State Capitol, a tall, art-deco tower." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg/220px-Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg/330px-Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg/440px-Louisiana_State_Capitol_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11753" data-file-height="12708" /></a><figcaption>Long constructed a <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Capitol" title="Louisiana State Capitol">new capitol building</a>, which, at 450 feet (140 m), remains the tallest capitol in the United States.</figcaption></figure> Long was unusual among southern populists in that he achieved tangible progress. Williams concluded "the secret of Long's power, in the final analysis, was not in his machine or his political dealings but in his record—he delivered something".<a href="#cite_note-sanson273-120">[112]</a> Referencing Long's contributions to Louisiana, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Penn_Warren" title="Robert Penn Warren">Robert Penn Warren</a>, a professor at LSU during Long's term as governor,<a href="#cite_note-121">[113]</a> stated: "Dictators, always give something for what they get."<a href="#cite_note-sanson273-120">[112]</a> Long created a public works program that was unprecedented in the South, constructing roads, bridges, hospitals, schools, and state buildings. During his four years as governor, Long increased paved highways in Louisiana from 331 to 2,301 miles (533 to 3,703 km) and constructed 2,816 miles (4,532 km) of gravel roads. By 1936, the infrastructure program begun by Long had completed some 9,700 miles (15,600 km) of new roads, doubling Louisiana's road system. He built 111 bridges and started construction on the first bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a> entirely in Louisiana, the <a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Long_Bridge_(Jefferson_Parish)" title="Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)">Huey P. Long Bridge</a>. These projects provided thousands of jobs during the depression: Louisiana employed more highway workers than any other state.<a href="#cite_note-122">[114]</a> Long built a <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Capitol" title="Louisiana State Capitol">State Capitol</a>, which at 450 feet (140 m) tall remains the tallest capitol, state or federal, in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-123">[115]</a> Long's infrastructure spending increased the state government's debt from $11 million in 1928 to $150 million in 1935.<a href="#cite_note-124">[116]</a> Long was an ardent supporter of the state's flagship public university, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University" title="Louisiana State University">Louisiana State University</a> (LSU). Having been unable to attend, Long now regarded it as "his" university.<a href="#cite_note-lsu-125">[117]</a> He increased LSU's funding and intervened in the university's affairs, expelling seven students who criticized him in the <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Reveille" title="The Daily Reveille">school newspaper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-brinkley30-126">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[119]</a> He constructed new buildings, including <a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Long_Field_House" title="Huey P. Long Field House">a fieldhouse</a> that reportedly contained the longest pool in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-lsu-125">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-brinkley30-126">[118]</a> Long founded an <a href="/wiki/LSU_Health_Sciences_Center_New_Orleans" title="LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans">LSU Medical School</a> in New Orleans.<a href="#cite_note-hospital-129">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[note 9]</a> To raise the stature of the <a href="/wiki/LSU_Tigers_football" title="LSU Tigers football">football program</a>, he converted the school's military marching band into the flashy "<a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University_Tiger_Marching_Band" title="Louisiana State University Tiger Marching Band">Show Band of the South</a>" and hired <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican" class="mw-redirect" title="Costa Rican">Costa Rican</a> composer <a href="/wiki/Castro_Carazo" title="Castro Carazo">Castro Carazo</a> as the band director.<a href="#cite_note-lsu-125">[117]</a> As well as nearly doubling the size of <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Stadium_(LSU)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiger Stadium (LSU)">the stadium</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lsu-125">[117]</a> he arranged for lowered train fares, so students could travel to away games. Long's contributions resulted in LSU gaining a class A accreditation from the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lsu-125">[117]</a> Long's night schools taught 100,000 adults to read.<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a> His provision of free textbooks<a href="#cite_note-131">[122]</a> contributed to a 20-percent increase in school enrollment.<a href="#cite_note-132">[123]</a> He modernized public health facilities and ensured adequate conditions for the mentally ill.<a href="#cite_note-brinkley30-126">[118]</a> He established Louisiana's first rehabilitation program for penitentiary inmates.<a href="#cite_note-133">[124]</a> Through tax reform, Long made the first $2,000 in property assessment free, waiving <a href="/wiki/Property_taxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Property taxes">property taxes</a> for half the state's homeowners.<a href="#cite_note-134">[125]</a> Some historians have criticized other policies, like high consumer taxes on gasoline and cigarettes, a reduced <a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_pension" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother's pension">mother's pension</a>, and low teacher salaries.<a href="#cite_note-135">[126]</a> Several labor laws were also enacted during Long's time as governor.<a href="#cite_note-136">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Senate_(1932–1935)">U.S. Senate (1932–1935)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: U.S. Senate (1932–1935)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Huey_Long" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Huey Long">United States Senate career of Huey Long</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senator">Senator</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Senator">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huey_Long_speaking_(higher_quality).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph showing Long raise his fist as he speaks into a microphone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Huey_Long_speaking_%28higher_quality%29.png/170px-Huey_Long_speaking_%28higher_quality%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Huey_Long_speaking_%28higher_quality%29.png/255px-Huey_Long_speaking_%28higher_quality%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Huey_Long_speaking_%28higher_quality%29.png/340px-Huey_Long_speaking_%28higher_quality%29.png 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption>Long delivering a speech</figcaption></figure> When Long arrived in the Senate, America was in the throes of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[129]</a> With this backdrop, Long made characteristically fiery speeches that denounced <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">wealth inequality</a>. He criticized the leaders of both parties for failing to address the crisis adequately, notably attacking Senate Democratic Leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Taylor_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Taylor Robinson">Joseph Robinson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> for his apparent closeness with President <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> and big business.<a href="#cite_note-139">[130]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932 presidential election</a>, Long was a vocal supporter of New York Governor <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[131]</a> At <a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">that year's Democratic National Convention</a>, Long kept the delegations of several wavering Southern states in the Roosevelt camp.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a> Due to this, Long expected to be featured prominently in Roosevelt's campaign but was disappointed with a peripheral speaking tour limited to four <a href="/wiki/Midwestern" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwestern">Midwestern</a> states.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_1981_p._602-141">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[133]</a> Not discouraged after being snubbed, Long found other venues for his populist message. He endorsed Senator <a href="/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway">Hattie Caraway</a> of Arkansas, a widow and the underdog candidate in a crowded field and conducted a whirlwind, seven-day tour of that state.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_1981_pp._583-143">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-brinkley4849-144">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[note 10]</a> During the campaign, Long gave 39 speeches, traveled 2,100 miles (3,400 km), and spoke to over 200,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-146">[136]</a> In an upset win, Caraway became the first woman elected to a full term in the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-147">[137]</a> Returning to Washington, Long gave theatrical speeches which drew wide attention. Public viewing areas were crowded with onlookers, among them a young <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, who later said he was "simply entranced" by Long.<a href="#cite_note-sleazy-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[138]</a> Long obstructed bills for weeks, launching hour-long <a href="/wiki/Filibusters" class="mw-redirect" title="Filibusters">filibusters</a> and having the clerk read superfluous documents. Long's antics, one editorial claimed, had made the Senate "impotent".<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._55-149">[139]</a> In May 1932, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> called for his resignation.<a href="#cite_note-sleazy-35">[34]</a> Long's behavior and radical rhetoric did little to endear him to his fellow senators. None of his proposed bills, resolutions, or motions were passed during his three years in the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roosevelt_and_the_New_Deal">Roosevelt and the New Deal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Roosevelt and the New Deal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a></div> During the <a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt%27s_presidency" title="First 100 days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency">first 100 days of Roosevelt's presidency</a> in spring 1933, Long's attitude toward Roosevelt and the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> was tepid.<a href="#cite_note-152">[142]</a> Aware that Roosevelt had no intention of radically redistributing the country's wealth, Long became one of the few national politicians to oppose Roosevelt's New Deal policies from the left.<a href="#cite_note-154">[note 11]</a> He considered them inadequate in the face of the escalating economic crisis but still supported some of Roosevelt's programs in the Senate, explaining: "Whenever this administration has gone to the left I have voted with it, and whenever it has gone to the right I have voted against it."<a href="#cite_note-155">[144]</a> Long opposed the <a href="/wiki/National_Recovery_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recovery Act">National Recovery Act</a>, claiming it favored industrialists.<a href="#cite_note-156">[145]</a> In an attempt to prevent its passage, Long held a lone filibuster, speaking for 15 hours and 30 minutes, the <a href="/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate#Longest_filibusters" title="Filibuster in the United States Senate">second longest filibuster at the time</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[147]</a> He also criticized <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a>, calling it inadequate and expressing his concerns that states would administer it in a way discriminatory to African Americans.<a href="#cite_note-The_Guilford_Press-159">[148]</a> In 1933, he was a leader of a three-week Senate <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibuster</a> against the Glass banking bill, which he later supported as the <a href="/wiki/Glass%E2%80%93Steagall_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass–Steagall Act">Glass–Steagall Act</a> after provisions extended government deposit insurance to state banks as well as national banks.<a href="#cite_note-160">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[150]</a> Roosevelt considered Long a radical <a href="/wiki/Demagogue" title="Demagogue">demagogue</a> and stated that Long, along with General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, "was one of the two most dangerous men in America".<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[152]</a> In June 1933, in an effort to undermine Long's political dominance, Roosevelt cut him out of consultations on the distribution of federal funds and patronage in Louisiana and placed Long's opponents in charge of federal programs in the state. Roosevelt supported a Senate inquiry into the election of Long ally <a href="/wiki/John_H._Overton" title="John H. Overton">John H. Overton</a> to the Senate in 1932. The Long machine was accused of election fraud and voter intimidation, but the inquiry came up empty, and Overton was seated.<a href="#cite_note-164">[153]</a> To discredit Long and damage his support base, Roosevelt had Long's finances investigated by the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> in 1934.<a href="#cite_note-165">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[note 12]</a> Although they failed to link Long to any illegality, some of his lieutenants were charged with income tax evasion.<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[156]</a> Roosevelt's son, <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Roosevelt_(general)" title="Elliott Roosevelt (general)">Elliott</a>, would later note that in this instance, his father "may have been the originator of the concept of employing the <a href="/wiki/List_of_allegations_of_misuse_of_the_Internal_Revenue_Service" title="List of allegations of misuse of the Internal Revenue Service">IRS as a weapon of political retribution</a>".<a href="#cite_note-169">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chaco_War_and_foreign_policy">Chaco War and foreign policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Chaco War and foreign policy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Latin America–United States relations">Latin America–United States relations</a></div> On May 30, 1934, Long took to the Senate floor to debate the abrogation of the <a href="/wiki/Platt_Amendment" title="Platt Amendment">Platt Amendment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[158]</a> But instead of debating the amendment, Long declared his support for Paraguay against Bolivia in the <a href="/wiki/Chaco_War" title="Chaco War">Chaco War</a>. He maintained that U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> had awarded the oil-rich <a href="/wiki/Gran_Chaco" title="Gran Chaco">Chaco region</a> to Paraguay in 1878.<a href="#cite_note-Gillette_pages_293-311-171">[159]</a> He attested Standard Oil had corrupted the Bolivian government and organized the war and that <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a> orchestrated American foreign policy in Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-172">[160]</a> For his speech, Long received praise in Paraguay: after capturing a Bolivian fort in July 1934, they renamed it Fort Long.<a href="#cite_note-173">[161]</a> Long's allegations were widely publicized in Latin American newspapers. This drew the concern of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State Department</a>, who believed that Long was damaging the reputation of the United States. Throughout the summer of 1934, they waged a sustained public relations campaign against Long throughout Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-174">[162]</a> This speech and others established Long as one of the most ardent <a href="/wiki/United_States_non-interventionism" title="United States non-interventionism">isolationists</a> in the Senate. He further argued that American involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> had been deadly mistakes conducted on behalf of Wall Street.<a href="#cite_note-175">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[164]</a> Consequently, Long demanded the immediate independence of the Philippines, which the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">United States had occupied</a> since 1898.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._55-149">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[165]</a> He also opposed American entry into the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_International_Justice" title="Permanent Court of International Justice">World Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Share_Our_Wealth">Share Our Wealth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Share Our Wealth">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Share_Our_Wealth" title="Share Our Wealth">Share Our Wealth</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huey_Long_at_desk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Long gesturing with his hands from behind his desk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Huey_Long_at_desk.jpg/220px-Huey_Long_at_desk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Huey_Long_at_desk.jpg/330px-Huey_Long_at_desk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Huey_Long_at_desk.jpg/440px-Huey_Long_at_desk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="1236" /></a><figcaption>Long speaking from behind his desk at the Capitol, 1935</figcaption></figure> In March 1933, Long revealed a series of bills collectively known as "the Long plan" to redistribute wealth. Together, they would cap fortunes at $100 million, limit annual income to $1 million, and cap individual inheritances at $5 million.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_p-179">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[168]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hphgHi6FD8k">Long's "Share the Wealth" speech</a> on YouTube</td></tr></tbody></table> In a nationwide February 1934 radio broadcast, Long introduced his <a href="/wiki/Share_Our_Wealth" title="Share Our Wealth">Share Our Wealth</a> plan.<a href="#cite_note-Kennedy,_David_page_238-181">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[170]</a> The legislation would use the wealth from the Long plan to guarantee every family a basic household grant of $5,000 and a minimum annual income of one-third of the average family homestead value and income. Long supplemented his plan with proposals for free college and vocational training, veterans' benefits, federal assistance to farmers, public works projects, greater federal economic regulation, a $30 monthly elderly pension, a month's vacation for every worker, a thirty-hour <a href="/wiki/Workweek_and_weekend" title="Workweek and weekend">workweek</a>, a $10 billion land reclamation project to end the <a href="/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl">Dust Bowl</a>, and free medical service and a "war on disease" led by the <a href="/wiki/Mayo_brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayo brothers">Mayo brothers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jeansonne_333-183">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[172]</a> These reforms, Long claimed, would end the Great Depression.<a href="#cite_note-185">[173]</a> The plans were widely criticized and labeled impossible by economists.<a href="#cite_note-186">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[175]</a> With the Senate unwilling to support his proposals, in February 1934 Long formed the Share Our Wealth Society, a national network of local clubs that operated in opposition to the Democratic Party and Roosevelt. By 1935, the society had over 7.5 million members in 27,000 clubs.<a href="#cite_note-188">[176]</a> Long's Senate office received an average of 60,000 letters a week, resulting in Long's hiring 48 stenographers to type responses.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a> Of the two trucks that delivered mail to the Senate, one was devoted solely to mail for Long.<a href="#cite_note-Jeansonne_1992_p._381-189">[177]</a> Long's newspaper, now renamed American Progress, averaged a circulation of 300,000, some issues reaching over 1.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-The_Guilford_Press-159">[148]</a> Long drew international attention: English writer <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> interviewed Long, noting he was "like a <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> who has never been at <a href="/wiki/Harrow_School" title="Harrow School">Harrow</a>. He abounds in promises."<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a> Some historians believe that pressure from Share Our Wealth contributed to Roosevelt's "turn to the left" in the <a href="/wiki/Second_New_Deal" title="Second New Deal">Second New Deal</a> (1935), which consisted of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Act" title="Social Security Act">Social Security Act</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aid_to_Dependent_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Aid to Dependent Children">Aid to Dependent Children</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1935" title="Revenue Act of 1935">Wealth Tax Act of 1935</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[178]</a> Roosevelt reportedly admitted in private to trying to "steal Long's thunder".<a href="#cite_note-191">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continued_control_over_Louisiana">Continued control over Louisiana</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Continued control over Louisiana">edit</a>]</div> Long continued to maintain effective control of Louisiana while he was a senator, blurring the boundary between federal and state politics.<a href="#cite_note-192">[180]</a> Long chose his childhood friend, Oscar K. Allen, to succeed King in the <a href="/wiki/1932_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1932 Louisiana gubernatorial election">January 1932 election</a>. With the support of Long's voter base, Allen won easily, permitting Long to resign as governor and take his seat in the U.S. Senate in January 1932.<a href="#cite_note-193">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[182]</a> Allen, widely viewed as a puppet, dutifully enacted Long's policies.<a href="#cite_note-195">[183]</a> When Long visited Louisiana, Allen would relinquish his office for the Senator, working instead at his receptionist's desk.<a href="#cite_note-Jeansonne_1992_p._381-189">[177]</a> Though he had no constitutional authority, Long continued to draft and press bills through the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Legislature" title="Louisiana State Legislature">Louisiana State Legislature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[184]</a> One of the laws passed was what Long called "a tax on lying"—a 2 percent tax on newspaper advertising revenue.<a href="#cite_note-197">[185]</a> In 1934, Long and <a href="/wiki/James_A._Noe" title="James A. Noe">James A. Noe</a>, an independent oilman and member of the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Senate" title="Louisiana State Senate">Louisiana State Senate</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Ouachita Parish, Louisiana">Ouachita Parish</a>, formed the controversial Win or Lose Oil Company. The firm was established to obtain leases on state-owned lands so that its directors might collect bonuses and sublease the mineral rights to the major oil companies. Although ruled legal, these activities were done in secret, and the stockholders were unknown to the public. Long made a profit on the bonuses and the resale of those state leases and used the funds primarily for political purposes.<a href="#cite_note-198">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1935:_Final_year">1935: Final year</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 1935: Final year">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1936_presidential_ambitions">1936 presidential ambitions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 1936 presidential ambitions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936 United States presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Time_Magazine_-_Huey_Long.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Long on the April 1935 cover of Time magazine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Time_Magazine_-_Huey_Long.jpg/220px-Time_Magazine_-_Huey_Long.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Time_Magazine_-_Huey_Long.jpg/330px-Time_Magazine_-_Huey_Long.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Time_Magazine_-_Huey_Long.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>"Candidate Long" on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine, April 1935</figcaption></figure> Popular support for Long's Share Our Wealth program raised the possibility of a 1936 presidential bid against incumbent Franklin D. Roosevelt.<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[note 13]</a> When questioned by the press, Long gave conflicting answers on his plans for 1936.<a href="#cite_note-203">[190]</a> Long's son <a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell</a> believed his father would have run on a <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">third-party</a> ticket.<a href="#cite_note-204">[191]</a> This is evidenced by Long's writing of a speculative book, <a href="/wiki/My_First_Days_in_the_White_House" title="My First Days in the White House">My First Days in the White House</a>, which laid out his plans for the presidency after the 1936 election.<a href="#cite_note-First_days-205">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[note 14]</a> In spring 1935, Long undertook a national speaking tour and regular radio appearances, attracting large crowds and increasing his stature.<a href="#cite_note-208">[194]</a> At a well-attended Long rally in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, a former mayor told the press, "There are 250,000 Long votes" in this city.<a href="#cite_note-Kennedy,_David_page_240-209">[195]</a> Regarding Roosevelt, Long boasted to the New York Times' <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Krock" title="Arthur Krock">Arthur Krock</a>: "He's scared of me. I can out-promise him, and he knows it."<a href="#cite_note-210">[196]</a> As the 1936 election approached, the Roosevelt Administration grew increasingly concerned by Long's popularity.<a href="#cite_note-Kennedy,_David_page_240-209">[195]</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">James Farley</a> commissioned a secret poll in early 1935.<a href="#cite_note-211">[197]</a> Farley's poll revealed that if Long ran on a third-party ticket, he would win about four million votes, 10% of the electorate.<a href="#cite_note-Kennedy,_David_page_241-212">[198]</a> In a memo to Roosevelt, Farley expressed his concern that Long could <a href="/wiki/Vote_splitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote splitting">split the vote</a>, allowing the Republican nominee to win.<a href="#cite_note-Kennedy,_David_page_241-212">[198]</a> Diplomat <a href="/wiki/Edward_M._House" title="Edward M. House">Edward M. House</a> warned Roosevelt, "many people believe that he can do to your administration what <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> did to the Taft Administration in <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">'12</a>".<a href="#cite_note-213">[199]</a> Many, including Hair, Roosevelt, and Williams speculated that Long expected to lose in 1936, allowing the Republicans to take the White House. They believed the Republicans would worsen the Great Depression, deepening Long's appeal. According to Roosevelt, "That would bring the country to such a state by 1940 that Long thinks he would be made dictator."<a href="#cite_note-214">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Increased_tensions_in_Louisiana">Increased tensions in Louisiana</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Increased tensions in Louisiana">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huey_Long_1935_LOC_hec_39385.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Huey Long standing in a doorway smiling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Huey_Long_1935_LOC_hec_39385.jpg/220px-Huey_Long_1935_LOC_hec_39385.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Huey_Long_1935_LOC_hec_39385.jpg/330px-Huey_Long_1935_LOC_hec_39385.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Huey_Long_1935_LOC_hec_39385.jpg/440px-Huey_Long_1935_LOC_hec_39385.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5109" data-file-height="3958" /></a><figcaption>Long after giving a successful five-hour filibuster, about two weeks before his death</figcaption></figure> By 1935, Long's consolidation of power led to talk of armed opposition from his enemies in Louisiana. Opponents increasingly invoked the memory of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liberty_Place" title="Battle of Liberty Place">Battle of Liberty Place</a> (1874), in which the <a href="/wiki/White_League" title="White League">White League</a> staged an uprising against Louisiana's Reconstruction-era government. In January 1935, an anti-Long paramilitary organization called the Square Deal Association was formed. Its members included former governors <a href="/wiki/John_M._Parker" title="John M. Parker">John M. Parker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruffin_Pleasant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruffin Pleasant">Ruffin Pleasant</a> and New Orleans Mayor <a href="/wiki/T._Semmes_Walmsley" title="T. Semmes Walmsley">T. Semmes Walmsley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._29-102">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hair_1996_pp._298-215">[201]</a> Standard Oil threatened to leave the state when Long finally passed the five-cent-per-barrel oil tax for which he had been impeached in 1929. Concerned Standard Oil employees formed a Square Deal association in Baton Rouge, organizing themselves in militia companies and demanding "direct action".<a href="#cite_note-Kane112112-216">[202]</a> On January 25, 1935, these Square Dealers, now armed, seized the <a href="/wiki/East_Baton_Rouge_Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="East Baton Rouge Parish">East Baton Rouge Parish</a> courthouse. Long had Governor Allen execute emergency measures in Baton Rouge: he called in the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Army_National_Guard" title="Louisiana Army National Guard">National Guard</a>, declared martial law, banned public gatherings of two or more persons, and forbade the publication of criticism of state officials. The Square Dealers left the courthouse, but there was a brief armed skirmish at the <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton Rouge Airport">Baton Rouge Airport</a>. Tear gas and live ammunition were fired; one person was wounded, but there were no fatalities.<a href="#cite_note-Hair_1996_pp._298-215">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kane112112-216">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[203]</a> At a legal hearing, an alleged spy within the Square Dealers testified they were conspiring to assassinate Long.<a href="#cite_note-warrennyt-218">[204]</a> In summer 1935, Long called two special legislative sessions in Louisiana; bills were passed in rapid-fire succession without being read or discussed. The new laws further centralized Long's control over the state by creating new Long-appointed state agencies: a state bond and tax board holding sole authority to approve loans to local governments, a new state printing board which could withhold "official printer" status from uncooperative newspapers, a new board of election supervisors which would appoint all poll watchers, and a State Board of Censors. They stripped away the remaining powers of the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_Orleans" title="Mayor of New Orleans">mayor of New Orleans</a>. Long boasted he had "taken over every board and commission in New Orleans except the <a href="/wiki/Community_Chest_(organization)" title="Community Chest (organization)">Community Chest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">Red Cross</a>".<a href="#cite_note-219">[205]</a> A September 7 special session passed 42 bills. The most extreme, likely aimed at Roosevelt and his federal agents, authorized Louisiana to fine and imprison anyone who infringed on the powers reserved to the state in the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenth Amendment">Tenth Amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley249-220">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assassination">Assassination</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Assassination">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Huey_Long" title="Assassination of Huey Long">Assassination of Huey Long</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huey_Long_Statue_at_Louisiana_State_Capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a statue of Long before the capitol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Huey_Long_Statue_at_Louisiana_State_Capitol.jpg/170px-Huey_Long_Statue_at_Louisiana_State_Capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Huey_Long_Statue_at_Louisiana_State_Capitol.jpg/255px-Huey_Long_Statue_at_Louisiana_State_Capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Huey_Long_Statue_at_Louisiana_State_Capitol.jpg/340px-Huey_Long_Statue_at_Louisiana_State_Capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Long's grave and statue in front of the capitol</figcaption></figure> On September 8, 1935, Long traveled to the State Capitol to pass a bill that would <a href="/wiki/Gerrymander" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrymander">gerrymander</a> the district of an opponent, Judge Benjamin Pavy, who had held his position for 28 years.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley249-220">[206]</a> At 9:20 p.m., just after passage of the bill effectively removing Pavy, the judge's son-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Weiss" title="Carl Weiss">Carl Weiss</a>, approached Long, and, according to the generally accepted version of events, fired a single shot with a handgun from four feet (1.2 m) away, striking Long in the torso. Long's bodyguards, nicknamed the "<a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a>" or "skullcrushers", then fired at Weiss with their pistols, killing him. An autopsy found Weiss had been shot at least 60 times.<a href="#cite_note-clues-221">[207]</a> Long ran down a flight of stairs and across the capitol grounds, hailing a car to take him to <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Lake_Regional_Medical_Center" title="Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center">Our Lady of the Lake Hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mystery-222">[208]</a> He was rushed to the operating room where surgery closed perforations in his intestines but failed to stop internal bleeding.<a href="#cite_note-223">[209]</a> Long died at 4:10 a.m. on September 10, 31 hours after being shot.<a href="#cite_note-NOLA-224">[210]</a> According to different sources, his last words were either "I wonder what will happen to my poor university boys" or "God, don't let me die. I have so much to do."<a href="#cite_note-225">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[212]</a> Over 200,000 people traveled to Baton Rouge to attend Long's September 12 funeral.<a href="#cite_note-227">[213]</a> His remains were buried on the grounds of the Capitol; a statue depicting Long was constructed on his grave.<a href="#cite_note-clues-221">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-mystery-222">[208]</a> Although Long's allies alleged he was assassinated by political opponents, a federal probe found no evidence of conspiracy.<a href="#cite_note-NOLA-224">[210]</a> Long's death brought relief to the Roosevelt Administration, which would win in a landslide in the 1936 election. Farley publicly admitted his apprehension of campaigning against Long: "I always laughed Huey off, but I did not feel that way about him." Roosevelt's close economic advisor <a href="/wiki/Rexford_Tugwell" title="Rexford Tugwell">Rexford Tugwell</a> wrote that, "When he was gone it seemed that a beneficent peace had fallen on the land. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Coughlin" title="Charles Coughlin">Father Coughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milo_Reno" title="Milo Reno">Reno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Townsend" title="Francis Townsend">Townsend</a>, et al., were after all pygmies compared with Huey. He had been a major phenomenon." Tugwell also said that Roosevelt regarded Long's assassination as a "providential occurrence".<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a> Evidence later surfaced that suggests Long was accidentally shot by his bodyguards.<a href="#cite_note-beast-228">[214]</a> Proponents of this theory assert Long was caught in the crossfire as his bodyguards shot Weiss, and a bullet that ricocheted off the marble walls hit him.<a href="#cite_note-clues-221">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-09112018Agarwal-231">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Long_family" title="Long family">Long family</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sen_Russell_Long_with_LBJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Senator Russell B. Long and Lyndon B. Johnson talking over a table" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sen_Russell_Long_with_LBJ.jpg/220px-Sen_Russell_Long_with_LBJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sen_Russell_Long_with_LBJ.jpg/330px-Sen_Russell_Long_with_LBJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sen_Russell_Long_with_LBJ.jpg/440px-Sen_Russell_Long_with_LBJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358" /></a><figcaption>Long's son <a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell</a> (left), pictured with President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> in 1964</figcaption></figure> Long's assassination may have contributed to his reputation as a legendary figure in parts of Louisiana. In 1938, Swedish sociologist <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a> encountered rural children who not only insisted Long was alive, but that he was president.<a href="#cite_note-sleazy-35">[34]</a> Although no longer governing, Long's policies continued to be enacted in Louisiana by his political machine,<a href="#cite_note-forty-232">[218]</a> which supported Roosevelt's re-election to prevent further investigation into their finances.<a href="#cite_note-233">[219]</a> The machine remained a powerful force in state politics until the 1960 elections. Within the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Democratic_Party" title="Louisiana Democratic Party">Louisiana Democratic Party</a>, Long set in motion two durable factions—"pro-Long" and "anti-Long"—which diverged meaningfully in terms of policies and voter support. For decades after his death, Long's political style inspired imitation among Louisiana politicians who borrowed his rhetoric and promises of social programs.<a href="#cite_note-forty-232">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[221]</a> After Long's death, a <a href="/wiki/Long_family" title="Long family">family dynasty</a> emerged: his brother Earl was elected lieutenant-governor in 1936 and governor in 1948 and 1956. Long's widow, Rose Long, replaced him in the Senate, and his son, Russell, was a U.S. senator from 1948 to 1987. As chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Finance_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Finance Committee">Senate Finance Committee</a>, Russell shaped the nation's tax laws, advocating low business taxes and passing legislation beneficial to the poor like the <a href="/wiki/Earned_Income_Credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Earned Income Credit">Earned Income Credit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[223]</a> Other relatives, including <a href="/wiki/George_S._Long" title="George S. Long">George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gillis_William_Long" title="Gillis William Long">Gillis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Speedy_Long" title="Speedy Long">Speedy</a>, have represented Louisiana in Congress.<a href="#cite_note-238">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[226]</a> <a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Huey P. Newton</a>, co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a>, was named after Long.<a href="#cite_note-241">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_reputation">Historical reputation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Historical reputation">edit</a>]</div> Academics and historians have found difficulty categorizing Long and his ideology.<a href="#cite_note-243">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sanson_2006,_p._261-244">[230]</a> His platform has been compared to ideologies ranging from <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">European Fascism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[231]</a> When asked about his own philosophy, Long simply replied: "Oh, hell, say that I'm <a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">sui generis</a> and let it go at that."<a href="#cite_note-FDR-22">[21]</a> In a 1981 New York Times, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Penn_Warren" title="Robert Penn Warren">Robert Penn Warren</a> wrote of Long:<blockquote>My guess is that he was a remarkable set of contradictions, still baffling to biographers. But I had a great interest in what Huey did in his world, and a greater interest in Huey as a focus of myth. Without this gift for attracting myth he would not have been the power he was, for good and evil. And this gift was fused, indissolubly, with his dramatic sense, with his varying roles and perhaps, ultimately, with the atmosphere of violence which he generated.<a href="#cite_note-246">[232]</a></blockquote> A majority of academics, biographers, and writers who have examined Long view him negatively, typically as a demagogue or dictator.<a href="#cite_note-mor1-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[note 15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_H._Luthin" title="Reinhard H. Luthin">Reinhard H. Luthin</a> said that he was the epitome of an American demagogue.<a href="#cite_note-250">[235]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_M._Kennedy_(historian)" title="David M. Kennedy (historian)">David Kennedy</a> wrote that Long's regime in Louisiana was "the closest thing to a dictatorship that America has ever known".<a href="#cite_note-Kennedy,_David_page_236-8">[7]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Hodding_Carter" title="Hodding Carter">Hodding Carter</a> described him as "the first true dictator out of the soil of America" and his movement the "success of fascism in one American state".<a href="#cite_note-leg-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[236]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck">Peter Viereck</a> categorized Long's movement as "chauvinist thought control"; <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ferkiss" title="Victor Ferkiss">Victor Ferkiss</a> called it "incipient fascism".<a href="#cite_note-252">[237]</a> One of the few biographers to praise Long was T. Harry Williams, who classified Long's ideas as neo-populist.<a href="#cite_note-253">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_p_120-254">[239]</a> He labeled Long a democratic "mass leader", rather than a demagogue.<a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_p_120-254">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[240]</a> Besides Williams, intellectual <a href="/wiki/Gore_Vidal" title="Gore Vidal">Gore Vidal</a> expressed admiration for Long, even naming him as his favorite contemporary U.S. politician.<a href="#cite_note-256">[241]</a> Long biographer Thomas O. Harris espoused a more nuanced view of Long: "neither saint nor devil, he was a complex and heterogenous mixture of good and bad, genius and craft, hypocrisy and candor, buffoonery and seriousness".<a href="#cite_note-257">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Huey_Long_in_culture" title="Huey Long in culture">Huey Long in culture</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinclair_Lewis_It_Can%27t_Happen_Here_1936_theater_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Poster featuring soldier looming over the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sinclair_Lewis_It_Can%27t_Happen_Here_1936_theater_poster.jpg/150px-Sinclair_Lewis_It_Can%27t_Happen_Here_1936_theater_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sinclair_Lewis_It_Can%27t_Happen_Here_1936_theater_poster.jpg/225px-Sinclair_Lewis_It_Can%27t_Happen_Here_1936_theater_poster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sinclair_Lewis_It_Can%27t_Happen_Here_1936_theater_poster.jpg/300px-Sinclair_Lewis_It_Can%27t_Happen_Here_1936_theater_poster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="1474" /></a><figcaption>1936 poster for the WPA stage adaptation of <a href="/wiki/It_Can%27t_Happen_Here" title="It Can't Happen Here">It Can't Happen Here</a></figcaption></figure> In popular culture, Long has served as a template for multiple dictatorial politicians in novels.<a href="#cite_note-258">[243]</a> Notable works include <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/It_Can%27t_Happen_Here" title="It Can't Happen Here">It Can't Happen Here</a> (1935),<a href="#cite_note-259">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[245]</a> Robert Penn Warren's <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winning novel <a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men" title="All the King's Men">All the King's Men</a> (1946),<a href="#cite_note-261">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[248]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adria_Locke_Langley" title="Adria Locke Langley">Adria Locke Langley</a>'s 1945 novel A Lion Is in the Streets.<a href="#cite_note-264">[249]</a> The latter two were adapted into films.<a href="#cite_note-265">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[251]</a> As well as two television <a href="/wiki/Docudramas" class="mw-redirect" title="Docudramas">docudramas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-267">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[253]</a> Long was the subject of a 1985 <a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a>-directed <a href="/wiki/Huey_Long_(documentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huey Long (documentary)">documentary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[255]</a> In music, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> featured Long in two songs on the 1974 album <a href="/wiki/Good_Old_Boys_(Randy_Newman_album)" title="Good Old Boys (Randy Newman album)">Good Old Boys</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[257]</a> Long has been the subject of dozens of biographies and academic texts. In fact, more has been written about Long than any other Louisianan.<a href="#cite_note-273">[258]</a> Most notable is the 1969 biography <a href="/wiki/Huey_Long_(biography)" title="Huey Long (biography)">Huey Long</a> by Williams, which won both the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Biography_or_Autobiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography">Pulitzer Prize</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[260]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Brinkley" title="Alan Brinkley">Alan Brinkley</a> won the National Book Award in 1983 for <a href="/wiki/Voices_of_Protest:_Huey_Long,_Father_Coughlin_and_the_Great_Depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin and the Great Depression">Voices of Protest</a>, a study of Long, Coughlin, and populist opposition to Roosevelt.<a href="#cite_note-276">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Written_works">Written works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Written works">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Constitutions of the State of Louisiana, 1930<a href="#cite_note-278">[263]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Every_Man_a_King_(autobiography)" title="Every Man a King (autobiography)">Every Man a King</a>, 1933</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_First_Days_in_the_White_House" title="My First Days in the White House">My First Days in the White House</a>, 1935</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recorded_works">Recorded works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Recorded works">edit</a>]</div> Long collaborated with composer <a href="/wiki/Castro_Carazo" title="Castro Carazo">Castro Carazo</a> on the following songs:<a href="#cite_note-279">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[265]</a> <ul><li>"Darling of LSU", 1935</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Every_Man_a_King_(song)" title="Every Man a King (song)">Every Man a King</a>", 1935</li> <li>"The LSU Cadets March", 1935</li> <li>"Touchdown for LSU", 1935</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_killed_or_wounded_in_office" title="List of United States Congress members killed or wounded in office">List of United States Congress members killed or wounded in office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Coughlin" title="Charles Coughlin">Charles Coughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Townsend" title="Francis Townsend">Francis Townsend</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes and references">edit</a>]</div> Notes <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Long's grandfather did not fight in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, instilling Union sympathies in his son, Huey P. Long Sr. Also a populist, Long's father said in an interview at the age of 83, "There wants to be a revolution, I tell you. I seen the domination of capital, seen it for seventy years. What do these rich folks care for the poor man? They care nothing—not for his pain, nor his sickness, nor his death ... Maybe you're surprised to hear talk like that. Well, it was just such talk that my boy was raised under, and that I was raised under."<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> The conclusion that Long was progressive on the <a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Huey_Long#Race" title="Political views of Huey Long">issue of race</a>, widely repeated in the decades after Long's death, has faced increased scrutiny in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-j265-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> One of Long's subordinates claimed in an affidavit that an intoxicated Long had told him to kill Representative <a href="/wiki/Jared_Y._Sanders_Jr." title="Jared Y. Sanders Jr.">J. Y. Sanders Jr.</a>, the son of a former governor, and "leave him in the ditch where nobody will know how or when he got there". Long allegedly promised him "a full pardon and many gold dollars".<a href="#cite_note-Kane_1971,_p._71-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-impeach-74">[72]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Cyr's public turn against Long was largely motivated by Cyr's opposition to the executions of alleged murderers Thomas Dreher and Ada LeBoeuf, the first white woman executed in Louisiana's history. Cyr was a personal friend of Dreher and sat on the Board of Pardons, which had reversed their death sentence. Long wholeheartedly supported their execution, ultimately overruling the Board's decision.<a href="#cite_note-White_2006,_p._65-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Fournet later apologized for the confusion caused by the inaccurate tally but denied rigging the outcome. According to Hair, "there is no evidence that he did; electrical contrivances of that sort were primitive, and apparently the machine simply repeated the roll call vote of a few minutes earlier".<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> The charges were: attempted bribery of state legislators, demanding and receiving undated letters of resignation from appointees, intimidating publisher Charles P. Manship by threatening to disclose his brother's poor mental condition, misappropriating portions of a $6,000 fund allocated for receiving other governors, forcing a state board to dismiss its secretary to open up a position for a political ally and paying the incumbent secretary $5,400 in <a href="/wiki/Hush_money" title="Hush money">hush money</a>, illegally paying his cousin W. O. Long $728.25 from the governor's office expense fund, using $1,112.40 from the office expense fund to purchase personal law books, forcing the Highway Commission to accede to a contractor's demand for $4,000 in payment for their installation of defective curbs, and incompetency.<a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Irby was the uncle of Alice Lee Grosjean, Long's young personal secretary, whom he had appointed to the position of <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Louisiana" title="Secretary of State of Louisiana">Secretary of State</a>. She was rumored to be his mistress.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-sleazy-35">[34]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Long would stand directly below the Speaker's podium while strong-arming the legislators into passing his agenda.<a href="#cite_note-brinkley28-107">[100]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> Although he claimed it was to educate poor doctors, it may have been based on a personal vendetta against <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a>, which had declined to grant him an honorary degree.<a href="#cite_note-hospital-129">[121]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> According to Brinkley, "Long's reasons for this decision were not entirely clear." Long noted that he felt a chivalric impulse to help this "brave little woman" and that Caraway was one of the few senators to vote for his wealth-limiting proposals. Long appreciated that she often voted against her senior colleague from Arkansas, Robinson. Many observers speculate that Long's true intent was to further establish a national reputation for himself. The New York Times contemporarily suggested that he was plotting to "yield him control of the [Senate] minority—or perhaps the majority". Brinkley claims that it was Long's first effort to propel himself to national leadership, which required him to appeal directly to the people rather than through political channels in Washington.<a href="#cite_note-brinkley4849-144">[135]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> The other most notable critic was Catholic preacher and radio-host <a href="/wiki/Father_Coughlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Father Coughlin">Father Coughlin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[143]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> The investigation into Long's finances was initiated in 1932 by Hoover but had been temporarily halted by the incoming Roosevelt to amend relations with Long.<a href="#cite_note-166">[155]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> There was contemporary speculation that a Long campaign would collaborate with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Coughlin" title="Charles Coughlin">Father Coughlin</a> and his <a href="/wiki/National_Union_for_Social_Justice_(organization)" title="National Union for Social Justice (organization)">National Union for Social Justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[188]</a> Despite some common political goals, the two men were of vastly different backgrounds and personalities, expressed contempt for one another, and had only met once.<a href="#cite_note-201">[189]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> The book was published posthumously in 1935.<a href="#cite_note-First_days-205">[192]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> In 1946, Russell—yet to be a Senator—convinced Senator Overton to submit a motion titled "In Defense of My Father". Beginning with the sentence, "I venture the assertion that no man of our times has been more abused, vilified, and misrepresented by the American press to its reading public than my father, Huey P Long.", the motion was passed without objection and published in Congressional Review.<a href="#cite_note-248">[234]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> Citations <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-white5-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-white5_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-white5_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-white5_1-2">c</a> <a href="#White">White (2006)</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="#Williams">Williams (1981) [1969]</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-Kennedy,_David_page_235-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy,_David_page_235_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy,_David_page_235_4-1">b</a> <a href="#Kennedy">Kennedy (2005) [1999]</a>, p. 235. </li> <li id="cite_note-heritage-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_5-14">o</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHess1966" class="citation news cs1">Hess, Stephen (August 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanheritage.com/long-long-trail#2">"The Long, Long Trail"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_(magazine)" title="American Heritage (magazine)">American Heritage</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621035424/https://www.americanheritage.com/long-long-trail">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=The+Long%2C+Long+Trail&rft.date=1966-08&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Flong-long-trail%232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://depts.washington.edu/moves/SP_map-votes.shtml">"Socialist Party Votes by Counties and States 1904–1948"</a>. Mapping American Social Movements through the 20th Century. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191103022554/http://depts.washington.edu/moves/SP_map-votes.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mapping+American+Social+Movements+through+the+20th+Century&rft.atitle=Socialist+Party+Votes+by+Counties+and+States+1904%E2%80%931948&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdepts.washington.edu%2Fmoves%2FSP_map-votes.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kennedy,_David_page_236-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy,_David_page_236_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy,_David_page_236_8-1">b</a> <a href="#Kennedy">Kennedy (2005) [1999]</a>, p. 236. </li> <li id="cite_note-white8-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-white8_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-white8_9-1">b</a> <a href="#White">White (2006)</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-white122123-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-white122123_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-white122123_10-1">b</a> <a href="#White">White (2006)</a>, pp. 122–23. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHair1991" class="citation book cs1">Hair, William Ivy (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23731983">The kingfish and his realm : the life and times of Huey P. Long</a>. Baton Rouge. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8071-1700-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8071-1700-5"><bdi>0-8071-1700-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/23731983">23731983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+kingfish+and+his+realm+%3A+the+life+and+times+of+Huey+P.+Long&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pages=39&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23731983&rft.isbn=0-8071-1700-5&rft.aulast=Hair&rft.aufirst=William+Ivy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F23731983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsPrice1970" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, T. Harry; Price, John Milton (May 1970). "The Huey P. Long Papers at Louisiana State University". <a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Southern_History" class="mw-redirect" title="The Journal of Southern History">The Journal of Southern History</a>. 36 (2): 258. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2205874">10.2307/2205874</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2205874">2205874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Southern+History&rft.atitle=The+Huey+P.+Long+Papers+at+Louisiana+State+University&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=258&rft.date=1970-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2205874&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2205874%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=T.+Harry&rft.au=Price%2C+John+Milton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-white9-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-white9_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-white9_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-white9_13-2">c</a> <a href="#White">White (2006)</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-white10-11-14"><a href="#cite_ref-white10-11_14-0">^</a> <a href="#White">White (2006)</a>, pp. 10–11. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="#Hair">Hair (1996)</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-white11-16"><a href="#cite_ref-white11_16-0">^</a> <a href="#White">White (2006)</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a href="#White">White (2006)</a>, pp. 38, 272. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/article_5d4bfd6d-4b06-528e-b08f-32c9952aeeb2.html">"Palmer Reid Long, last child of Huey P. Long and devoted Mason"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" title="The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate">The Times-Picayune</a>. New Orleans. October 25, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202041535/https://www.nola.com/news/article_5d4bfd6d-4b06-528e-b08f-32c9952aeeb2.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2021. 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Retrieved June 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Political+Notes%3A+Louisiana%27s+Kaiser&rft.date=1929-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Fprintout%2F0%2C8816%2C732219%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-White_2006,_p._65-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-White_2006,_p._65_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_2006,_p._65_76-1">b</a> <a href="#White">White (2006)</a>, p. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <a href="#White">White (2006)</a>, pp. 58–59. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuinlan2014" class="citation news cs1">Quinlan, Adriane (October 5, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/crime_police/article_a04f46ec-6080-5ba2-a517-0c98359bcffe.html">"Nearly 90 years after first woman hanged in Louisiana, the case still intrigues, newspaper reports"</a>. Nola. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200907173322/https://www.nola.com/news/crime_police/article_a04f46ec-6080-5ba2-a517-0c98359bcffe.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nola&rft.atitle=Nearly+90+years+after+first+woman+hanged+in+Louisiana%2C+the+case+still+intrigues%2C+newspaper+reports&rft.date=2014-10-05&rft.aulast=Quinlan&rft.aufirst=Adriane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime_police%2Farticle_a04f46ec-6080-5ba2-a517-0c98359bcffe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a href="#Hair">Hair (1996)</a>, p. 180. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a href="#Hair">Hair (1996)</a>, pp. 179–80. </li> <li id="cite_note-Brinkley_p_25-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brinkley_p_25_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brinkley_p_25_83-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brinkley_p_25_83-2">c</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-impeached-84"><a href="#cite_ref-impeached_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButler2015" class="citation news cs1">Butler, Charles (September 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/opinion/2015/09/06/long-escaped-early-impeachment-try/71714218/">"Long escaped early impeachment try"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Shreveport_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shreveport Times">The Shreveport Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200611224715/https://www.shreveporttimes.com/get-access/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fopinion%2F2015%2F09%2F06%2Flong-escaped-early-impeachment-try%2F71714218%2F">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2020. 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January 22, 1932). </li> <li id="cite_note-brinkley28-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brinkley28_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brinkley28_107-1">b</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <a href="#Williams">Williams (1981) [1969]</a>, p. 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <a href="#Kurtz">Kurtz & Peoples (1991)</a>, Chapter 2: Political Baptism. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLatson2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Latson, Jennifer (September 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4020709/huey-long-anniversary/">"The Strange Career of Assassinated Louisiana Politician Huey Long"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. New York. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191120033237/https://time.com/4020709/huey-long-anniversary/">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2019. 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Baton Rouge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224200218/https://www.lsureveille.com/news/it-started-here-in-allen-hall-lsu-boasts-rich-literary-history-prominent-literary-figures/article_4bbe22ea-fa9e-11e9-84c4-1382fc303378.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reveille&rft.atitle=%27It+started+here+in+Allen+Hall%27%3A+LSU+boasts+rich+literary+history%2C+prominent+literary+figures&rft.date=2019-10-29&rft.aulast=Viator&rft.aufirst=Gunnar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lsureveille.com%2Fnews%2Fit-started-here-in-allen-hall-lsu-boasts-rich-literary-history-prominent-literary-figures%2Farticle_4bbe22ea-fa9e-11e9-84c4-1382fc303378.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <a href="#Williams">Williams (1981) [1969]</a>, p. 546−547. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://house.louisiana.gov/pubinfo/VirtualTour/lacaphistory.htm">"Louisiana Capitol History and Tour"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Louisiana House of Representatives">Louisiana House of Representatives</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200718133142/https://house.louisiana.gov/pubinfo/VirtualTour/lacaphistory.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020. <q>The building stands 450 feet tall (34 floors,) making it the tallest capitol in the United States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Louisiana+Capitol+History+and+Tour&rft.pub=Louisiana+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhouse.louisiana.gov%2Fpubinfo%2FVirtualTour%2Flacaphistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <a href="#Sanson">Sanson (2006)</a>, p. 270. </li> <li id="cite_note-lsu-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lsu_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lsu_125-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lsu_125-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lsu_125-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lsu_125-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaus2009" class="citation news cs1">Baus, Mary Walker (October 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lsureveille.com/news/huey-p-longs-legacy-impact-still-linger/article_54068448-ffa6-51fe-bcbf-fe215b00cbbd.html">"Huey P. Long's legacy, impact still linger"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Reveille" title="The Daily Reveille">Reveille</a>. Baton Rouge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626201020/https://www.lsureveille.com/news/huey-p-longs-legacy-impact-still-linger/article_54068448-ffa6-51fe-bcbf-fe215b00cbbd.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reveille&rft.atitle=Huey+P.+Long%27s+legacy%2C+impact+still+linger&rft.date=2009-10-15&rft.aulast=Baus&rft.aufirst=Mary+Walker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lsureveille.com%2Fnews%2Fhuey-p-longs-legacy-impact-still-linger%2Farticle_54068448-ffa6-51fe-bcbf-fe215b00cbbd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brinkley30-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brinkley30_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brinkley30_126-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brinkley30_126-2">c</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGallo2013" class="citation news cs1">Gallo, Andrea (October 23, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200718023013/https://www.lsureveille.com/news/reveille-rebels-reveille-seven-s-clash-with-huey-p-long-leaves-lasting-legacy/article_b7ff10aa-3c3a-11e3-b424-001a4bcf6878.html">"Reveille Rebels: Reveille Seven's clash with Huey P. Long leaves lasting legacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Reveille" title="The Daily Reveille">Reveille</a>. Baton Rouge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lsureveille.com/news/reveille-rebels-reveille-seven-s-clash-with-huey-p-long-leaves-lasting-legacy/article_b7ff10aa-3c3a-11e3-b424-001a4bcf6878.htmlGallo">the original</a> on July 18, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reveille&rft.atitle=Reveille+Rebels%3A+Reveille+Seven%27s+clash+with+Huey+P.+Long+leaves+lasting+legacy&rft.date=2013-10-23&rft.aulast=Gallo&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lsureveille.com%2Fnews%2Freveille-rebels-reveille-seven-s-clash-with-huey-p-long-leaves-lasting-legacy%2Farticle_b7ff10aa-3c3a-11e3-b424-001a4bcf6878.htmlGallo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchardt2015" class="citation news cs1">Schardt, Julian (January 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lsureveille.com/daily/huey-p-long-field-house-to-undergo-renovations/article_1b9b7ed4-a5b0-11e4-ae1e-5b6e69689a1c.html">"Huey P. Long Field House to undergo renovations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Reveille" title="The Daily Reveille">Reveille</a>. Baton Rouge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703175620/https://www.lsureveille.com/daily/huey-p-long-field-house-to-undergo-renovations/article_1b9b7ed4-a5b0-11e4-ae1e-5b6e69689a1c.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reveille&rft.atitle=Huey+P.+Long+Field+House+to+undergo+renovations&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft.aulast=Schardt&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lsureveille.com%2Fdaily%2Fhuey-p-long-field-house-to-undergo-renovations%2Farticle_1b9b7ed4-a5b0-11e4-ae1e-5b6e69689a1c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hospital-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hospital_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hospital_129-1">b</a> <a href="#Jeansonne">Jeansonne (1989)</a>, p. 294. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015002673823&seq=10">Huey Pierce Long, the martyr of the age ... A publication of the Louisiana state museum. New Orleans, U.S.A. Issued November 11, 1937</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <a href="#Long1">Long (1933)</a>, p. xvii. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <a href="#Pleasant">Pleasant Jr. (1974)</a>, p. 357. </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <a href="#Vaughn">Vaughn (1979)</a>, p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <a href="#Vaughn">Vaughn (1979)</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/labor-legislation-1912-32-3905/labor-legislation-1928-493126">Labor Legislation of 1928 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 486, P.12-14</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/labor-legislation-1912-32-3905/labor-legislation-1930-493128">Labor Legislation, 1930 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 552, P.10</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <a href="#White">White (2006)</a>, pp. 143–44. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a href="#Williams">Williams (1981) [1969]</a>, pp. 560–63. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <a href="#Hair">Hair (1996)</a>, p. 242. </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_1981_p._602-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_1981_p._602_141-0">^</a> <a href="#Williams">Williams (1981) [1969]</a>, pp. 600–03. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, pp. 46–47. </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_1981_pp._583-143"><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_1981_pp._583_143-0">^</a> <a href="#Williams">Williams (1981) [1969]</a>, pp. 583–93. </li> <li id="cite_note-brinkley4849-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brinkley4849_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brinkley4849_144-1">b</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, pp. 48–49. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <a href="#Snyder">Snyder (1975)</a>, pp. 128–29. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-Brinkley_2011_p._55-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brinkley_2011_p._55_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brinkley_2011_p._55_149-1">b</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, p. 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <a href="#Hair">Hair (1996)</a>, p. 269. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChesterHodgsonPage1969" class="citation book cs1">Chester, Lewis; Hodgson, Godfrey; Page, Bruce (1969). An American Melodrama: The Presidential Campaign of 1968. New York: Viking Press. p. 264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-11991-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-11991-2"><bdi>978-0-670-11991-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+American+Melodrama%3A+The+Presidential+Campaign+of+1968&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=264&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-670-11991-2&rft.aulast=Chester&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft.au=Hodgson%2C+Godfrey&rft.au=Page%2C+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, pp. 59–60. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, p. viiii. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <a href="#Chip">Berlet & Lyons (2000)</a>, p. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerlet2000" class="citation book cs1">Berlet, Chip (November 1, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Md1aRhWNk1QC&q=huey+long+80+percent+of+the+oil&pg=PA125">Right-wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/The_Guilford_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guilford Press">The Guilford Press</a>. pp. 126–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57230-562-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57230-562-5"><bdi>978-1-57230-562-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224200204/https://books.google.com/books?id=Md1aRhWNk1QC&q=huey+long+80+percent+of+the+oil&pg=PA125">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right-wing+Populism+in+America%3A+Too+Close+for+Comfort&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E126-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.pub=The+Guilford+Press&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-57230-562-5&rft.aulast=Berlet&rft.aufirst=Chip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMd1aRhWNk1QC%26q%3Dhuey%2Blong%2B80%2Bpercent%2Bof%2Bthe%2Boil%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Huey_Long_Filibusters.htm">"Huey Long Filibusters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191224231453/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Huey_Long_Filibusters.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved June 16, 2020. <q>Huey Long spoke for 15 hours and 30 minutes, the second-longest Senate filibuster to that time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Senate&rft.atitle=Huey+Long+Filibusters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fminute%2FHuey_Long_Filibusters.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Guilford_Press-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Guilford_Press_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Guilford_Press_159-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerlet2000" class="citation book cs1">Berlet, Chip (November 1, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Md1aRhWNk1QC&q=huey+long+80+percent+of+the+oil&pg=PA125">Right-wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/The_Guilford_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guilford Press">The Guilford Press</a>. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57230-562-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57230-562-5"><bdi>978-1-57230-562-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224200217/https://books.google.com/books?id=Md1aRhWNk1QC&q=huey+long+80+percent+of+the+oil&pg=PA125">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right-wing+Populism+in+America%3A+Too+Close+for+Comfort&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=The+Guilford+Press&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-57230-562-5&rft.aulast=Berlet&rft.aufirst=Chip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMd1aRhWNk1QC%26q%3Dhuey%2Blong%2B80%2Bpercent%2Bof%2Bthe%2Boil%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <a href="#Williams">Williams (1981) [1969]</a>, pp. 623, 633–34. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, pp. 55–56. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <a href="#Brands">Brands (2008)</a>, p. 260. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <a href="#Snyder">Snyder (1975)</a>, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <a href="#Hair">Hair (1996)</a>, p. 257. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAubin2013" class="citation news cs1">Aubin, Dena (May 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tax-irs-scandals/factbox-irss-rich-history-of-scandals-political-abuse-idUSBRE94F16V20130516">"Factbox: IRS's rich history of scandals, political abuse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615000535/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tax-irs-scandals/factbox-irss-rich-history-of-scandals-political-abuse-idUSBRE94F16V20130516">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2020. 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Retrieved November 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=75+Years+of+IRS+Criminal+Investigation+History%2C+1919%E2%80%931994&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Treasury%2C+Internal+Revenue+Service&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqwqSAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dhuey%2Blong%2Birs%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2013" class="citation news cs1">Murphy, Tim (May 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/05/irs-witch-hunts-tea-party-history-mother-jones/">"Shocking IRS Witch Hunt? Actually, It's a Time-Honored Tradition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615000538/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/05/irs-witch-hunts-tea-party-history-mother-jones/">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=Shocking+IRS+Witch+Hunt%3F+Actually%2C+It%27s+a+Time-Honored+Tradition&rft.date=2013-05-14&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2F05%2Firs-witch-hunts-tea-party-history-mother-jones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a href="#Gillette">Gillette (1970)</a>, p. 296. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gillette_pages_293-311-171"><a href="#cite_ref-Gillette_pages_293-311_171-0">^</a> <a href="#Gillette">Gillette (1970)</a>, p. 297. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <a href="#Gillette">Gillette (1970)</a>, pp. 297–98. </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <a href="#Gillette">Gillette (1970)</a>, pp. 299–300. </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-174"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_174-0">^</a> <a href="#Gillette">Gillette (1970)</a>, p. 300. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <a href="#Brinkley">Brinkley (1983) [1982]</a>, pp. 150–52. </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <a href="#Sanson">Sanson (2006)</a>, p. 275. </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/APA/Historical-Essays/Exclusion-and-Empire/The-Philippines/">"The Philippines, 1898–1946"</a>. History, Arts, & Archives. <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224200247/https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/APA/Historical-Essays/Exclusion-and-Empire/The-Philippines/">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2020. 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January 22, 1985. p. 16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191127004440/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39545290/st_louis_postdispatch/">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2019. 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Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-53214-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-53214-3"><bdi>978-1-351-53214-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224200210/https://books.google.com/books?id=-iIxDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Speedy+long%22+congress&pg=PT407">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2020. 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History, Arts, and Archives. <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224200211/https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/L/LONG,-George-Shannon-%28L000416%29/">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2020. 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Retrieved July 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+the+Time+of+%27All+the+King%27s+Men%27+-+The+New+York+Times&rft.date=2020-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F05%2F31%2Fbooks%2Fin-the-time-of-all-the-king-s-men.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <a href="#Dissidence">Brinkley (1981)</a>, pp. 118–19. </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <a href="#Perry2004">Perry (2004)</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <a href="#Moreau">Moreau (1965)</a>, p. 122. </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <a href="#Moreau">Moreau (1965)</a>, pp. 125–26. </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <a href="#Dissidence">Brinkley (1981)</a>, p. 119. </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <a href="#Long1">Long (1996) [1933]</a>, p. xii. </li> <li id="cite_note-Brinkley_p_120-254">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brinkley_p_120_254-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brinkley_p_120_254-1">b</a> <a href="#Dissidence">Brinkley (1981)</a>, p. 120. </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <a href="#Haas">Haas (1994)</a>, p. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKauffman2012" class="citation news cs1">Kauffman, Bill (September 14, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/my-pen-pal-gore-vidal/">"My Pen Pal Gore Vidal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328092414/https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/my-pen-pal-gore-vidal/">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Conservative&rft.atitle=My+Pen+Pal+Gore+Vidal&rft.date=2012-09-14&rft.aulast=Kauffman&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theamericanconservative.com%2Farticles%2Fmy-pen-pal-gore-vidal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <a href="#Moreau">Moreau (1965)</a>, p. 123. </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <a href="#Perry2004">Perry (2004)</a>, pp. 2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <a href="#Boulard">Boulard (1998)</a>, p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <a href="#Perry2004">Perry (2004)</a>, p. 62. </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/books/072098warren-all.html">"In the Time of 'All the King's Men'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. May 31, 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615001509/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/books/072098warren-all.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+the+Time+of+%27All+the+King%27s+Men%27&rft.date=1981-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flibrary%2Fbooks%2F072098warren-all.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarner2016" class="citation news cs1">Garner, Dwight (April 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/12/books/all-the-kings-men-now70-has-a-touch-of-2016.html">"'All the King's Men,' Now 70, Has a Touch of 2016"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200522223910/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/12/books/all-the-kings-men-now70-has-a-touch-of-2016.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27All+the+King%27s+Men%2C%27+Now+70%2C+Has+a+Touch+of+2016&rft.date=2016-04-11&rft.aulast=Garner&rft.aufirst=Dwight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F04%2F12%2Fbooks%2Fall-the-kings-men-now70-has-a-touch-of-2016.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ash.harvard.edu/event/all-kings-men">"All the King's Men"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a>. Harvard University. December 6, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615001517/https://ash.harvard.edu/event/all-kings-men">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Kennedy+School&rft.atitle=All+the+King%27s+Men&rft.date=2013-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fash.harvard.edu%2Fevent%2Fall-kings-men&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerry2004" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Keith (June 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WS8Sry8NTUIC&q=A+Lion+Is+in+the+Streets+all+the+kings+men&pg=PA33">The Kingfish in Fiction: Huey P. Long and the Modern American Novel</a>. Baton Rouge: <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University_Press" title="Louisiana State University Press">Louisiana State University Press</a>. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-2942-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-2942-5"><bdi>978-0-8071-2942-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224200214/https://books.google.com/books?id=WS8Sry8NTUIC&q=A+Lion+Is+in+the+Streets+all+the+kings+men&pg=PA33">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingfish+in+Fiction%3A+Huey+P.+Long+and+the+Modern+American+Novel&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-2942-5&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWS8Sry8NTUIC%26q%3DA%2BLion%2BIs%2Bin%2Bthe%2BStreets%2Ball%2Bthe%2Bkings%2Bmen%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <a href="#Perry2004">Perry (2004)</a>, p. 221. </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrowther1953" class="citation news cs1">Crowther, Bosley (September 24, 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1953/09/24/archives/the-screen-in-review-a-lion-is-in-the-streets-opens-at-paramount.html">"The Screen in Review; ' A Lion Is in the Streets' Opens at Paramount, Starring James Cagney and Barbara Hale"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608225801/https://www.nytimes.com/1953/09/24/archives/the-screen-in-review-a-lion-is-in-the-streets-opens-at-paramount.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Screen+in+Review%3B+%27+A+Lion+Is+in+the+Streets%27+Opens+at+Paramount%2C+Starring+James+Cagney+and+Barbara+Hale&rft.date=1953-09-24&rft.aulast=Crowther&rft.aufirst=Bosley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1953%2F09%2F24%2Farchives%2Fthe-screen-in-review-a-lion-is-in-the-streets-opens-at-paramount.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_life_and_assassination_of_the_kingfish">"The Life and Assassination of the Kingfish"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171210020525/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_life_and_assassination_of_the_kingfish/">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=The+Life+and+Assassination+of+the+Kingfish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fthe_life_and_assassination_of_the_kingfish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott1995" class="citation news cs1">Scott, Tony (March 14, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1995/tv/reviews/kingfish-a-story-of-huey-p-long-1200441053/">"Kingfish: A Story of Huey P. Long"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. Los Angeles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608040132/https://variety.com/1995/tv/reviews/kingfish-a-story-of-huey-p-long-1200441053/">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2019. 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Retrieved June 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Film+Festival%3B+%27Huey+Long%2C%27+A+Documentary+on+the+Louisiana+Populist%2C+By+Ken+Burns&rft.date=1985-09-28&rft.aulast=Canby&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F09%2F28%2Fmovies%2Ffilm-festival-huey-long-a-documentary-on-the-louisiana-populist-by-ken-burns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSiskel1986" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Siskel" title="Gene Siskel">Siskel, Gene</a> (March 19, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1986-03-19-8601200686-story.html">"An Unsatisfying Portrait of Huey Long"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chicago Tribune">The Chicago Tribune</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618143423/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1986-03-19-8601200686-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=An+Unsatisfying+Portrait+of+Huey+Long&rft.date=1986-03-19&rft.aulast=Siskel&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1986-03-19-8601200686-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavis1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Davis, Stephen (January 21, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/good-old-boys-95294/">"Good Old Boys"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. Los Angeles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200426125340/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/good-old-boys-95294/">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Good+Old+Boys&rft.date=1997-01-21&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-album-reviews%2Fgood-old-boys-95294%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrazierHertzberg1974" class="citation magazine cs1">Frazier, Ian; Hertzberg, Hendrik (December 2, 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1974/12/09/randy-newman">"Randy Newman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619045246/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1974/12/09/randy-newman">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2020. 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Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 21 (4): 331–39. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4232034">4232034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Challenge+to+the+New+Deal%3A+Huey+P.+Long+and+the+Redistribution+of+National+Wealth&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E331-%3C%2Fspan%3E39&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4232034%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Jeansonne&rft.aufirst=Glen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoodman1979" class="citation news cs1">Goodman, George Jr. (July 7, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/07/07/archives/t-harry-williams-scholar-dies-huey-wlong-book-won-a-pulitzer.html">"T. Harry Williams, scholar, Dies; Huey Long Book Won a Pulitzer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved June 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=T.+Harry+Williams%2C+scholar%2C+Dies%3B+Huey+Long+Book+Won+a+Pulitzer&rft.date=1979-07-07&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=George+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F07%2F07%2Farchives%2Ft-harry-williams-scholar-dies-huey-wlong-book-won-a-pulitzer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/t-harry-williams-2/huey-long-2/">"Huey Long"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kirkus_Reviews" title="Kirkus Reviews">Kirkus Reviews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224200218/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/t-harry-williams-2/huey-long-2/">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved June 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kirkus+Reviews&rft.atitle=Huey+Long&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirkusreviews.com%2Fbook-reviews%2Fa%2Ft-harry-williams-2%2Fhuey-long-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSherrill1982" class="citation news cs1">Sherrill, Robert (July 11, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/11/books/american-demagogues.html">"American Demagogues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626081654/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/11/books/american-demagogues.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=American+Demagogues&rft.date=1982-07-11&rft.aulast=Sherrill&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F07%2F11%2Fbooks%2Famerican-demagogues.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerman1983" class="citation journal cs1">Berman, Milton (Winter 1983). "Reviewed Work: Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great Depression by Alan Brinkley". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 24 (1): 91–93. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4232243">4232243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Reviewed+Work%3A+Voices+of+Protest%3A+Huey+Long%2C+Father+Coughlin%2C+and+the+Great+Depression+by+Alan+Brinkley&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E91-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4232243%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Milton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <a href="#Long1">Long (1933)</a>, p. ix. </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWickes" class="citation web cs1">Wickes, Frank B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lsu.edu/cmda/bands/about/index.php">"A Brief Look at Over 100 Years of the LSU Tiger Band, 'The Golden Band from Tigerland'"</a>. Louisiana State University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190716044301/https://www.lsu.edu/cmda/bands/about/index.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved June 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+State+University&rft.atitle=A+Brief+Look+at+Over+100+Years+of+the+LSU+Tiger+Band%2C+%27The+Golden+Band+from+Tigerland%27&rft.aulast=Wickes&rft.aufirst=Frank+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lsu.edu%2Fcmda%2Fbands%2Fabout%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wgno.com/news/find-of-the-week-huey-p-longs-every-man-a-king-was-a-slogan-an-autobiography-and-a-song/">"Find of the Week: Huey P. Long's 'Every Man a King' was a slogan, an autobiography – and a song"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WGNO" title="WGNO">WGNO</a>. New Orleans. June 8, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617005311/https://wgno.com/news/find-of-the-week-huey-p-longs-every-man-a-king-was-a-slogan-an-autobiography-and-a-song/">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WGNO&rft.atitle=Find+of+the+Week%3A+Huey+P.+Long%27s+%27Every+Man+a+King%27+was+a+slogan%2C+an+autobiography+%E2%80%93+and+a+song&rft.date=2018-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwgno.com%2Fnews%2Ffind-of-the-week-huey-p-longs-every-man-a-king-was-a-slogan-an-autobiography-and-a-song%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Works cited">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Abadie" class="citation journal cs1">Abadie, Dale (Summer 1970). "A Song of Huey Long". The Journal of Louisiana Historical Association. 11 (3): 271–73. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231135">4231135</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=A+Song+of+Huey+Long&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E271-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4231135%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Abadie&rft.aufirst=Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Bergal" class="citation book cs1">Bergal, Jenni (2007). City Adrift: New Orleans Before and After Katrina. Baton Rouge: <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University_Press" title="Louisiana State University Press">Louisiana State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-3386-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-3386-6"><bdi>978-0-8071-3386-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=City+Adrift%3A+New+Orleans+Before+and+After+Katrina&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-3386-6&rft.aulast=Bergal&rft.aufirst=Jenni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Amenta" class="citation journal cs1">Amenta, Edwin; Dunleavy, Kathleen; Bernstein, Mary (October 1994). "Stolen Thunder? Huey Long's 'Share Our Wealth,' Political Mediation, and the Second New Deal". <a href="/wiki/American_Sociological_Review" title="American Sociological Review">American Sociological Review</a>. 59 (5): 678–702. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2096443">10.2307/2096443</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2096443">2096443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=Stolen+Thunder%3F+Huey+Long%27s+%27Share+Our+Wealth%2C%27+Political+Mediation%2C+and+the+Second+New+Deal&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E678-%3C%2Fspan%3E702&rft.date=1994-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2096443&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2096443%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Amenta&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft.au=Dunleavy%2C+Kathleen&rft.au=Bernstein%2C+Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Chip" class="citation book cs1">Berlet, Chip; Lyons, Matthew N. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rightwingpopulis00berlrich">Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Guilford_Press" title="Guilford Press">Guilford Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4625-2838-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4625-2838-7"><bdi>978-1-4625-2838-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right-Wing+Populism+in+America%3A+Too+Close+for+Comfort&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Guilford+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-4625-2838-7&rft.aulast=Berlet&rft.aufirst=Chip&rft.au=Lyons%2C+Matthew+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frightwingpopulis00berlrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Boulard" class="citation book cs1">Boulard, Garry (1998). Huey Long Invades New Orleans: the Siege of a City, 1934–36. New Orleans: <a href="/wiki/Pelican_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelican Publishing Company">Pelican Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4556-0609-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4556-0609-2"><bdi>978-1-4556-0609-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Huey+Long+Invades+New+Orleans%3A+the+Siege+of+a+City%2C+1934%E2%80%9336&rft.place=New+Orleans&rft.pub=Pelican+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-4556-0609-2&rft.aulast=Boulard&rft.aufirst=Garry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Brands" class="citation book cs1">Brands, H.W. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traitortohisclas0000bran">Traitor to His Class: The Privileged Life and Radical Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-51958-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-51958-8"><bdi>978-0-385-51958-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traitor+to+His+Class%3A+The+Privileged+Life+and+Radical+Presidency+of+Franklin+Delano+Roosevelt&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-385-51958-8&rft.aulast=Brands&rft.aufirst=H.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftraitortohisclas0000bran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Dissidence" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Brinkley" title="Alan Brinkley">Brinkley, Alan</a> (1981). "Huey Long, the Share Our Wealth Movement, and the Limits of Depression Dissidence". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 22 (2): 117–34. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4232073">4232073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Huey+Long%2C+the+Share+Our+Wealth+Movement%2C+and+the+Limits+of+Depression+Dissidence&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E34&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4232073%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Brinkley&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Brinkley" class="citation book cs1">——— (1983) [1982]. Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great Depression. New York: <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-71628-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-71628-2"><bdi>978-0-394-71628-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voices+of+Protest%3A+Huey+Long%2C+Father+Coughlin%2C+and+the+Great+Depression&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-394-71628-2&rft.aulast=Brinkley&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="calhoun" class="citation book cs1">Calhoun, Milburn (2008). Louisiana Almanac 2008–2009. New Orleans: Pelican Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4556-0770-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4556-0770-9"><bdi>978-1-4556-0770-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louisiana+Almanac+2008%E2%80%932009&rft.place=New+Orleans&rft.pub=Pelican+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4556-0770-9&rft.aulast=Calhoun&rft.aufirst=Milburn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Dethloff" class="citation book cs1">Dethloff, Henry C. (1976). Huey P. Long: Southern Demagogue or American Democrat?. <a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_LA" class="mw-redirect" title="Lafayette, LA">Lafayette, LA</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southwestern_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Southwestern Louisiana">University of Southwestern Louisiana</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Huey+P.+Long%3A+Southern+Demagogue+or+American+Democrat%3F&rft.place=Lafayette%2C+LA&rft.pub=University+of+Southwestern+Louisiana&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Dethloff&rft.aufirst=Henry+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Gillette" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Gillette" title="Michael L. Gillette">Gillette, Michael</a> (1970). "Huey Long and the Chaco War". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 11 (4): 293–311. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231146">4231146</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Huey+Long+and+the+Chaco+War&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E293-%3C%2Fspan%3E311&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4231146%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gillette&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaas1991" class="citation journal cs1">Haas, Edward F. (1991). "Huey Long and the Communists". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 32 (1): 29–46. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4232863">4232863</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Huey+Long+and+the+Communists&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4232863%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Edward+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Haas1994" class="citation journal cs1">——— (February 1994). "Huey Pierce Long and Historical Speculation". The History Teacher. 27 (2): 271–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F494714">10.2307/494714</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231135">4231135</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+History+Teacher&rft.atitle=Huey+Pierce+Long+and+Historical+Speculation&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E271-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.date=1994-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F494714&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4231135%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Edward+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Haas2006" class="citation journal cs1">——— (2006). "Huey Long and the Dictators". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 47 (2): 125–31. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/494714">494714</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Huey+Long+and+the+Dictators&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E125-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F494714%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Edward+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Hamby" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alonzo_Hamby" title="Alonzo Hamby">Hamby, Alonzo L.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forsurvivalofdem00hamb">For the Survival of Democracy: Franklin Roosevelt and the World Crisis of the 1930s</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon and Schuster">Simon and Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-84340-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-84340-7"><bdi>978-0-684-84340-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+the+Survival+of+Democracy%3A+Franklin+Roosevelt+and+the+World+Crisis+of+the+1930s&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-684-84340-7&rft.aulast=Hamby&rft.aufirst=Alonzo+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforsurvivalofdem00hamb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Hair" class="citation book cs1">Hair, William Ivy (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kingfishhisrealm00hair">The Kingfish and His Realm: The Life and Times of Huey P. Long</a>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-4106-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-4106-9"><bdi>978-0-8071-4106-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingfish+and+His+Realm%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Huey+P.+Long&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-4106-9&rft.aulast=Hair&rft.aufirst=William+Ivy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkingfishhisrealm00hair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Harris" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Thomas O. (1938). The Kingfish: Huey P. Long, Dictator. New York: Pelican Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1089608898">1089608898</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingfish%3A+Huey+P.+Long%2C+Dictator&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Pelican+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1938&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1089608898&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Thomas+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="HavardHeberleHoward" class="citation book cs1">Havard, William C.; Herberle, Rudolf; Howard, Perry H. (1963). The Louisiana Election of 1960. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2497787">2497787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Louisiana+Election+of+1960&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2497787&rft.aulast=Havard&rft.aufirst=William+C.&rft.au=Herberle%2C+Rudolf&rft.au=Howard%2C+Perry+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Jeansonne2" class="citation journal cs1">Jeansonne, Glen (1980). "Challenge to the New Deal: Huey P. Long and the Redistribution of National Wealth". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 21 (4): 331–39. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4232034">4232034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Challenge+to+the+New+Deal%3A+Huey+P.+Long+and+the+Redistribution+of+National+Wealth&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E331-%3C%2Fspan%3E39&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4232034%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Jeansonne&rft.aufirst=Glen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Jeansonne3" class="citation journal cs1">——— (Fall 1989). "The Apotheosis of Huey Long". Biography. 12 (4): 283–301. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fbio.2010.0636">10.1353/bio.2010.0636</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23539493">23539493</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162206324">162206324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biography&rft.atitle=The+Apotheosis+of+Huey+Long&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E283-%3C%2Fspan%3E301&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162206324%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23539493%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fbio.2010.0636&rft.aulast=Jeansonne&rft.aufirst=Glen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Jeansonne1992" class="citation journal cs1">——— (Winter 1990). "Huey P. Long: A Political Contradiction". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 31 (4): 373–85. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4232837">4232837</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Huey+P.+Long%3A+A+Political+Contradiction&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E373-%3C%2Fspan%3E85&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4232837%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Jeansonne&rft.aufirst=Glen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Jeansonne1" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1992). "Huey Long and Racism". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 22 (3): 265–82. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4232958">4232958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Huey+Long+and+Racism&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E265-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4232958%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Jeansonne&rft.aufirst=Glen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Jeansonne1994" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1994). "Huey Long and The Historians". The History Teacher. 27 (2): 120–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F494713">10.2307/494713</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/494713">494713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+History+Teacher&rft.atitle=Huey+Long+and+The+Historians&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E120-%3C%2Fspan%3E25&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F494713&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F494713%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Jeansonne&rft.aufirst=Glen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Kane" class="citation book cs1">Kane, Thomas Harnett (1941). Huey Long's Louisiana Hayride: the American Rehearsal for Dictatorship, 1928–1940. New York: <a href="/wiki/William_Morrow_(publisher)" title="William Morrow (publisher)">William Morrow</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/678902460">678902460</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Huey+Long%27s+Louisiana+Hayride%3A+the+American+Rehearsal+for+Dictatorship%2C+1928%E2%80%931940&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=1941&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F678902460&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Harnett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Kennedy" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_M._Kennedy_(historian)" title="David M. Kennedy (historian)">Kennedy, David</a> (2005) [1999]. Freedom From Fear The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514403-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514403-1"><bdi>978-0-19-514403-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freedom+From+Fear+The+American+People+in+Depression+and+War%2C+1929%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514403-1&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="key" class="citation book cs1">Key, V.O.; Heard, Alexander (1949). Southern Politics in State and Nation. Knoxville: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee_Press" title="University of Tennessee Press">University of Tennessee Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southern+Politics+in+State+and+Nation&rft.place=Knoxville&rft.pub=University+of+Tennessee+Press&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Key&rft.aufirst=V.O.&rft.au=Heard%2C+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Kuhn, Joseph. "Flesh and the Common Man: Robert Penn Warren's Huey Long Drama." Journal of American Studies 53.4 (2019): 953-971.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Kurtz" class="citation book cs1">Kurtz, Michael L.; Peoples, Morgan D. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QsvV2cVte6wC">Earl K. Long: The Saga of Uncle Earl and Louisiana Politics</a> (reprint ed.). Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-1765-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-1765-1"><bdi>978-0-8071-1765-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201233342/https://books.google.com/books?id=QsvV2cVte6wC">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earl+K.+Long%3A+The+Saga+of+Uncle+Earl+and+Louisiana+Politics&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-1765-1&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=Michael+L.&rft.au=Peoples%2C+Morgan+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQsvV2cVte6wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Long1" class="citation book cs1">Long, Huey (1996) [1933]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/everymankingauto0000long">Every Man a King: The Autobiography of Huey P. Long</a>. New Orleans: <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/818855173">818855173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Every+Man+a+King%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Huey+P.+Long&rft.place=New+Orleans&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F818855173&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Huey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feverymankingauto0000long&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Lowe" class="citation book cs1">Lowe, John, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=scx65UQZoL4C">Louisiana Culture from the Colonial Era to Katrina</a>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-3337-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-3337-8"><bdi>978-0-8071-3337-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224200226/https://books.google.com/books?id=scx65UQZoL4C&q=huey+long+last+words&pg=PA239">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louisiana+Culture+from+the+Colonial+Era+to+Katrina&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-3337-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dscx65UQZoL4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li>McGuire, Jack B. "Huey Long a Fascist?" Louisiana History 63.4 (2022): 457-472. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27190866">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813164818/https://www.jstor.org/stable/27190866">Archived</a> August 13, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Mann, Robert. Kingfish U: Huey Long and LSU (LSU Press, 2023) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xUaWEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Huey+Long%22&pg=PP1">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003014359/https://books.google.com/books?id=xUaWEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Huey+Long%22&pg=PP1">Archived</a> October 3, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Mathy, Gabriel, and Nicolas L. Ziebarth. "How much does political uncertainty matter? The case of Louisiana under Huey Long." Journal of Economic History 77.1 (2017): 90-126. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.archive.org/work/ovp2f3aee5ghrgpw3o34p7w2rq/access/wayback/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/72E96A8F1BF65748EF0C689DD7F9AC6C/S002205071700002Xa.pdf/div-class-title-how-much-does-political-uncertainty-matter-the-case-of-louisiana-under-huey-long-div.pdf">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Moreau" class="citation journal cs1">Moreau, John Adam (Spring 1965). "Huey Long and His Chroniclers". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 6 (2): 121–39. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4230837">4230837</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Huey+Long+and+His+Chroniclers&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E39&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4230837%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Moreau&rft.aufirst=John+Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Parrish" class="citation book cs1">Parrish, Michael E. (1994). Anxious Decades: America in Prosperity and Depression, 1920–1941. New York: <a href="/wiki/W.W._Norton_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="W.W. Norton & Company">W.W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31134-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31134-1"><bdi>978-0-393-31134-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anxious+Decades%3A+America+in+Prosperity+and+Depression%2C+1920%E2%80%931941&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31134-1&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Perry2004" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Keith (2004). The Kingfish in Fiction: Huey P. Long and the Modern American Novel. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-2942-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-2942-5"><bdi>978-0-8071-2942-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingfish+in+Fiction%3A+Huey+P.+Long+and+the+Modern+American+Novel&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-2942-5&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Pleasant" class="citation journal cs1">Pleasant, John R. Jr. (Autumn 1974). "Ruffin G. Pleasant and Huey P. Long on the Prisoner-Stripe Controversy". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 15 (4): 357–66. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231428">4231428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Ruffin+G.+Pleasant+and+Huey+P.+Long+on+the+Prisoner-Stripe+Controversy&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E357-%3C%2Fspan%3E66&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4231428%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Pleasant&rft.aufirst=John+R.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Sanson" class="citation journal cs1">Sanson, Jerry P. (Summer 2006). ""What He Did and What He Promised to Do...": Huey Long and the Horizons of Louisiana Politics". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 47 (3): 261–76. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4234200">4234200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=%22What+He+Did+and+What+He+Promised+to+Do...%22%3A+Huey+Long+and+the+Horizons+of+Louisiana+Politics&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E261-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4234200%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sanson&rft.aufirst=Jerry+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li>Seidemann, Ryan M. "Did the State Win or Lose in its Mineral Dealings with Huey Long, Oscar Allen, James Noe, and the Win or Lose Oil Company?" Louisiana History 59.2 (2018): 196-225. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26475480">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813164658/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26475480">Archived</a> August 13, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Snyder" class="citation journal cs1">Snyder, Robert E. (Spring 1975). "Huey Long and the Presidential Election of 1936". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 16 (2): 117–43. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231456">4231456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Huey+Long+and+the+Presidential+Election+of+1936&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E43&rft.date=1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4231456%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Cotton" class="citation journal cs1">——— (Spring 1977). "Huey Long and the Cotton-Holiday Plan of 1931". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 18 (2): 133–60. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231670">4231670</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Huey+Long+and+the+Cotton-Holiday+Plan+of+1931&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E133-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4231670%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Vaughn" class="citation journal cs1">Vaughn, Courtney (Winter 1979). "The Legacy of Huey Long". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 20 (1): 93–101. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231871">4231871</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+History%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Louisiana+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=The+Legacy+of+Huey+Long&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E93-%3C%2Fspan%3E101&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4231871%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Warren" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_F._Warren" title="Kenneth F. Warren">Warren, Kenneth F.</a> (2008). Encyclopedia of U.S. Campaigns, Elections, and Electoral Behavior: A–M. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousand Oaks, CA">Thousand Oaks, CA</a>: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-5489-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-5489-1"><bdi>978-1-4129-5489-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+U.S.+Campaigns%2C+Elections%2C+and+Electoral+Behavior%3A+A%E2%80%93M&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-5489-1&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="White" class="citation book cs1">White, Richard D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kingfishreignofh00whit">Kingfish: The Reign of Huey P. Long</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7383-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7383-9"><bdi>978-0-8129-7383-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingfish%3A+The+Reign+of+Huey+P.+Long&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-7383-9&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Richard+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkingfishreignofh00whit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Williams" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/T._Harry_Williams" title="T. Harry Williams">Williams, T. Harry</a> (1981) [1969]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hueylong0000will">Huey Long</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-74790-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-74790-3"><bdi>978-0-394-74790-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Huey+Long&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-394-74790-3&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=T.+Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhueylong0000will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huey_Long&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Huey_P._Long" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Huey P. 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Long</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Huey_Long" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Huey Long">Huey Long</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hueylong.com/">"Huey Long Official Website"</a>. Long Legacy Project.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Huey+Long+Official+Website&rft.pub=Long+Legacy+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hueylong.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hnoc.org/programs/huey-p-long-annotated-resource-set">"Huey P. Long Annotated Resource Set"</a>. The Historic New Orleans Collection.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Huey+P.+Long+Annotated+Resource+Set&rft.pub=The+Historic+New+Orleans+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hnoc.org%2Fprograms%2Fhuey-p-long-annotated-resource-set&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://louisianadigitallibrary.org/islandora/object/lsu-sc-hpl:collection">"Huey P. Long Photograph Album, 1928–1935"</a>. Louisiana Digital Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Huey+P.+Long+Photograph+Album%2C+1928%E2%80%931935&rft.pub=Louisiana+Digital+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flouisianadigitallibrary.org%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Flsu-sc-hpl%3Acollection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuey+Long" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/08/10/trump-huey-long-00110667">Rich Lowry "Donald Trump is our Huey Long" Politico Aug 10, 2023</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Huey_Long268" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Huey_Long" title="Template:Huey Long"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Huey_Long" title="Template talk:Huey Long"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Huey_Long" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Huey Long"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Huey_Long268" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huey Long</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of governors of Louisiana">40th Governor of Louisiana</a> (1928–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a> from Louisiana (1932–1935)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Huey_Long" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Huey Long">Senate tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_Our_Wealth" title="Share Our Wealth">Share Our Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton-Holiday" title="Cotton-Holiday">Cotton-Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Huey_Long" title="Assassination of Huey Long">Assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Huey_Long" title="Political views of Huey Long">Political views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Huey_Long" title="List of nicknames used by Huey Long">Nicknames</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Homes and infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Long_Mansion" title="Huey P. Long Mansion">Huey P. Long Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Long_House_(Forest_Ave.,_Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Huey P. Long House (Forest Ave., Shreveport, Louisiana)">Huey P. Long House (Forest Ave., Shreveport, Louisiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Long_House_(Laurel_St.,_Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Huey P. Long House (Laurel St., Shreveport, Louisiana)">Huey P. Long House (Laurel St., Shreveport, Louisiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Long_Field_House" title="Huey P. Long Field House">Huey P. Long Field House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Long_Bridge_(Baton_Rouge)" title="Huey P. Long Bridge (Baton Rouge)">Huey P. Long Bridge (Baton Rouge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Long_Bridge_(Jefferson_Parish)" title="Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)">Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Every_Man_a_King_(autobiography)" title="Every Man a King (autobiography)">Every Man a King (1933)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Every_Man_a_King_(song)" title="Every Man a King (song)">"Every Man a King" (1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_First_Days_in_the_White_House" title="My First Days in the White House">My First Days in the White House (1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Progress_(newspaper)" title="American Progress (newspaper)">American Progress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huey_Long_in_culture" title="Huey Long in culture">In culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Can%27t_Happen_Here" title="It Can't Happen Here">It Can't Happen Here</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Huey_Long" title="Statue of Huey Long">Huey Long</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men" title="All the King's Men">All the King's Men</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men_(1949_film)" title="All the King's Men (1949 film)">All the King's Men (1949 film)</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Lion_Is_in_the_Streets" title="A Lion Is in the Streets">A Lion Is in the Streets</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_Long_(biography)" title="Huey Long (biography)">Huey Long</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voices_of_Protest" title="Voices of Protest">Voices of Protest</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_Long_(film)" title="Huey Long (film)">Huey Long</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingfish:_A_Story_of_Huey_P._Long" title="Kingfish: A Story of Huey P. Long">Kingfish: A Story of Huey P. Long</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men_(2006_film)" title="All the King's Men (2006 film)">All the King's Men</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Huey_P._Long" title="List of memorials to Huey P. Long">Memorials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Long_family" title="Long family">Long family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rose_McConnell_Long" title="Rose McConnell Long">Rose McConnell Long</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell B. Long</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Long" title="George S. Long">George S. Long</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Long" title="Earl Long">Earl Long</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillis_William_Long" title="Gillis William Long">Gillis William Long</a> (nephew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_D._Long" title="Jimmy D. Long">Jimmy D. Long</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedy_Long" title="Speedy Long">Speedy Long</a> (cousin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Louisiana618" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Louisiana" title="Template:Governors of Louisiana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Louisiana" title="Template talk:Governors of Louisiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Louisiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Louisiana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Louisiana618" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of governors of Louisiana">Governors of Louisiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">State (1812–1861)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_C._C._Claiborne" title="William C. C. Claiborne">Claiborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Viller%C3%A9" title="Jacques Villeré">Villeré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Robertson" title="Thomas B. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Thibodaux" title="Henry S. Thibodaux">Thibodaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Johnson_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)">H. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Derbigny" title="Pierre Derbigny">Derbigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Beauvais" title="Arnaud Beauvais">Beauvais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dupr%C3%A9" title="Jacques Dupré">Dupré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_B._Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre B. Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Douglass White Sr.">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_B._Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre B. Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Mouton" title="Alexandre Mouton">Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Johnson_(politician)" title="Isaac Johnson (politician)">I. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marshall_Walker" title="Joseph Marshall Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Octave_H%C3%A9bert" title="Paul Octave Hébert">Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Wickliffe" title="Robert C. Wickliffe">Wickliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Overton_Moore" title="Thomas Overton Moore">Moore</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Seal_of_Louisiana.svg/75px-Seal_of_Louisiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Seal_of_Louisiana.svg/113px-Seal_of_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Seal_of_Louisiana.svg/150px-Seal_of_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate (1861–1865)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Overton_Moore" title="Thomas Overton Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Watkins_Allen" title="Henry Watkins Allen">H. Allen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union (1862–1865)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Foster_Shepley_(judge)" title="George Foster Shepley (judge)">Shepley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hahn" title="Michael Hahn">Hahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era">Reconstruction (1865–1868)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Wells" title="James Madison Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Flanders" title="Benjamin Flanders">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Baker" title="Joshua Baker">Baker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State (since 1868)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Warmoth" title="Henry C. Warmoth">Warmoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._B._S._Pinchback" title="P. B. S. Pinchback">Pinchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEnery_(politician)" title="John McEnery (politician)">J. McEnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Kellogg" title="William Pitt Kellogg">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_B._Packard" title="Stephen B. Packard">Packard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_T._Nicholls" title="Francis T. Nicholls">Nicholls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_A._Wiltz" title="Louis A. Wiltz">Wiltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._McEnery" title="Samuel D. McEnery">S. McEnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_T._Nicholls" title="Francis T. Nicholls">Nicholls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_J._Foster" title="Murphy J. Foster">M. J. Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wright_Heard" title="William Wright Heard">Heard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_C._Blanchard" title="Newton C. Blanchard">Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Y._Sanders_Sr." title="Jared Y. Sanders Sr.">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_E._Hall" title="Luther E. Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruffin_G._Pleasant" title="Ruffin G. Pleasant">Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Parker" title="John M. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Fuqua" title="Henry L. Fuqua">Fuqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oramel_H._Simpson" title="Oramel H. Simpson">Simpson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Olin_King" title="Alvin Olin King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_K._Allen" title="Oscar K. Allen">O. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Noe" title="James A. Noe">Noe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Leche" title="Richard W. Leche">Leche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Long" title="Earl Long">E. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_H._Jones" title="Sam H. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Davis" title="Jimmie Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Long" title="Earl Long">E. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennon" title="Robert F. Kennon">Kennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Long" title="Earl Long">E. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Davis" title="Jimmie Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McKeithen" title="John McKeithen">McKeithen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Edwards" title="Edwin Edwards">E. Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Treen" title="Dave Treen">Treen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Edwards" title="Edwin Edwards">E. Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Roemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Edwards" title="Edwin Edwards">E. Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Foster_(American_politician)" title="Mike Foster (American politician)">M. Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Blanco" title="Kathleen Blanco">Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Jindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bel_Edwards" title="John Bel Edwards">J. Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Landry" title="Jeff Landry">Landry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Louisiana101" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="Template:United States senators from Louisiana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="Template talk:United States senators from Louisiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Louisiana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Louisiana101" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">United States senators from Louisiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_No%C3%ABl_Destr%C3%A9han" title="Jean Noël Destréhan">Destréhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Posey" title="Thomas Posey">Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown_(Louisiana_politician)" title="James Brown (Louisiana politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._C._Claiborne" title="William C. C. Claiborne">Claiborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Johnson_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Bouligny" title="Dominique Bouligny">Bouligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Waggaman" title="George A. Waggaman">Waggaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Nicholas" title="Robert C. Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barrow" title="Alexander Barrow">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Soul%C3%A9" title="Pierre Soulé">Soulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_W._Downs" title="Solomon W. Downs">Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_P._Benjamin" title="Judah P. Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Harris" title="John S. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._West" title="J. R. West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Kellogg" title="William Pitt Kellogg">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_L._Gibson" title="Randall L. Gibson">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donelson_Caffery" title="Donelson Caffery">Caffery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_J._Foster" title="Murphy J. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Ransdell" title="Joseph E. Ransdell">Ransdell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_McConnell_Long" title="Rose McConnell Long">R. M. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Ellender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Edwards" title="Elaine Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Bennett_Johnston" title="J. Bennett Johnston">B. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Landrieu" title="Mary Landrieu">Landrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cassidy" title="Bill Cassidy">Cassidy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan_B._Magruder" title="Allan B. Magruder">Magruder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eligius_Fromentin" title="Eligius Fromentin">Fromentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown_(Louisiana_politician)" title="James Brown (Louisiana politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_S._Johnston" title="Josiah S. Johnston">J. S. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Porter" title="Alexander Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Mouton" title="Alexandre Mouton">Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Magill_Conrad" title="Charles Magill Conrad">Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Porter" title="Alexander Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Johnson_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Soul%C3%A9" title="Pierre Soulé">Soulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Slidell" title="John Slidell">Slidell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Kellogg" title="William Pitt Kellogg">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Eustis" title="James B. Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Jonas" title="Benjamin F. Jonas">Jonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Eustis" title="James B. Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_C._Blanchard" title="Newton C. Blanchard">Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._McEnery" title="Samuel D. McEnery">McEnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thornton_(American_politician)" title="John Thornton (American politician)">Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Broussard" title="Robert F. Broussard">R. Broussard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Guion" title="Walter Guion">Guion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Gay_(politician,_born_1878)" title="Edward J. Gay (politician, born 1878)">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_S._Broussard" title="Edwin S. Broussard">E. Broussard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Overton" title="John H. Overton">Overton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Feazel" title="William C. Feazel">Feazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">R. B. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">Breaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Vitter" title="David Vitter">Vitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kennedy_(Louisiana_politician)" title="John Kennedy (Louisiana politician)">Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Deal137" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Deal" title="Template:New Deal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Deal" title="Template talk:New Deal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Deal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Deal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Deal137" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Causes and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal_coalition" title="New Deal coalition">New Deal Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain Trust">Brain Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_critics_of_the_New_Deal" title="List of critics of the New Deal">Criticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Deal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Banking_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency Banking Act">Emergency Banking Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy Act">Economy Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Adjustment_Act" title="Agricultural Adjustment Act">Agricultural Adjustment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps" title="Civilian Conservation Corps">Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Works_Administration" title="Civil Works Administration">Civil Works Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Act_of_1934" title="Communications Act of 1934">Communications Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_6102" title="Executive Order 6102">Executive Order 6102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeowners_Refinancing_Act" title="Homeowners Refinancing Act">Homeowners Refinancing Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Credit_Administration" title="Farm Credit Administration">Farm Credit Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Deposit_Insurance_Corporation" title="Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation">Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Relief_Administration" title="Federal Emergency Relief Administration">Federal Emergency Relief Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazier%E2%80%93Lemke_Farm_Bankruptcy_Act" title="Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act">Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass%E2%80%93Steagall_legislation" title="Glass–Steagall legislation">Glass–Steagall Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Industrial_Recovery_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="National Industrial Recovery Act">National Industrial Recovery Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Housing_Act_of_1934" title="National Housing Act of 1934">National Housing Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Recovery_Administration" title="National Recovery Administration">National Recovery Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Administration" title="National Youth Administration">National Youth Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Works_Administration" title="Public Works Administration">Public Works Administration (PWA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Works_of_Art_Project" title="Public Works of Art Project">Public Works of Art Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocal_Tariff_Act" title="Reciprocal Tariff Act">Reciprocal Tariff Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_Retirement_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad Retirement Act">Railroad Retirement Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_Act_of_1933" title="Securities Act of 1933">Securities Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second New Deal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration (WPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Project_Number_One" title="Federal Project Number One">Federal Project Number One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Regulatory_Commission" title="Federal Energy Regulatory Commission">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Security_Administration" title="Farm Security Administration">Farm Security Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Procedures_Reform_Bill_of_1937" title="Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937">Judicial Procedures Reform Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guffey_Coal_Act" title="Guffey Coal Act">National Bituminous Coal Conservation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Act_of_1935" title="National Labor Relations Act of 1935">Act</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Electrification_Act" title="Rural Electrification Act">Rural Electrification Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Utilities_Service" title="Rural Utilities Service">Rural Electrification Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Housing_Authority" title="United States Housing Authority">United States Housing Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Labor_Standards_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Labor Standards Act">Fair Labor Standards Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hopkins" title="Harry Hopkins">Harry Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_L._Ickes" title="Harold L. Ickes">Harold L. Ickes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau_Jr." title="Henry Morgenthau Jr.">Henry Morgenthau Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner" title="Robert F. Wagner">Robert F. Wagner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Deal" title="Category:New Deal">Category</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:New_Deal" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:New Deal">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame62" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame">Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">Hale Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._C._Claiborne" title="William C. C. Claiborne">William C. C. Claiborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Davis" title="Jimmie Davis">Jimmie Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap_Dean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pap Dean (page does not exist)">Pap Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Edwards" title="Edwin Edwards">Edwin Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_LeBlanc" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudley LeBlanc">Dudley LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Long" title="Earl Long">Earl Long</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huey Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell B. Long</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._Leonard_Allen" title="A. Leonard Allen">A. Leonard Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">Lindy Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Bussie" title="Victor Bussie">Victor Bussie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Allen J. Ellender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillis_William_Long" title="Gillis William Long">Gillis William Long</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camille_Gravel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camille Gravel (page does not exist)">Camille Gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Hanna_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Hanna Sr. (page does not exist)">Sam Hanna Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeLesseps_Story_Morrison" title="DeLesseps Story Morrison">deLesseps Story Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">Edward Douglass White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Berry" title="Louis Berry">Louis Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carville" title="James Carville">James Carville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Evelyn_Parker" title="Mary Evelyn Parker">Mary Evelyn Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leander_Perez" title="Leander Perez">Leander Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Weill" title="Gus Weill">Gus Weill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_K._Allen" title="Oscar K. Allen">Oscar K. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_J._Foster" title="Murphy J. Foster">Murphy J. Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Bennett_Johnston" title="J. Bennett Johnston">J. Bennett Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_Schwegmann" title="Melinda Schwegmann">Melinda Schwegmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Treen" title="Dave Treen">David C. Treen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speedy_Long" title="Speedy Long">Speedy Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Overton" title="John H. Overton">John H. Overton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Waggonner" title="Joe Waggonner">Joe Waggonner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Harry_Williams" title="T. Harry Williams">T. Harry Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Doucet" title="Cat Doucet">Cat Doucet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Fitzmorris" title="Jimmy Fitzmorris">Jimmy Fitzmorris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Fowler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Fowler (page does not exist)">Douglas Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Kelso" title="Iris Kelso">Iris Kelso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Renwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Renwick (page does not exist)">Ed Renwick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Caffery" title="Jefferson Caffery">Jefferson Caffery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">William J. Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Knoll" title="Jeannette Knoll">Jeannette Knoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_D._Long" title="Jimmy D. Long">Jimmy D. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Buddy Roemer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley_W._Hilburn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley W. Hilburn (page does not exist)">Wiley W. Hilburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennon" title="Robert F. Kennon">Robert F. Kennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Lee_(sheriff)" title="Harry Lee (sheriff)">Harry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_McSween" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold McSween">Harold McSween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_O._Martin_Jr." title="Wade O. Martin Jr.">Wade O. Martin Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Schiro" title="Victor H. Schiro">Victor H. Schiro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesse_Bankston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesse Bankston (page does not exist)">Jesse Bankston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenny_Bowen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenny Bowen (page does not exist)">Kenny Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Bozeman" title="Harley Bozeman">Harley Bozeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burl_Cain" title="Burl Cain">Nathan Burl Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Dodd" title="Bill Dodd">Bill Dodd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Grevemberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Grevemberg (page does not exist)">Francis Grevemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hainkel" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hainkel">John Hainkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henson_Moore" title="Henson Moore">Henson Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Sampite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Sampite (page does not exist)">Joe Sampite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Walker_(politician)" title="Lillian Walker (politician)">Lillian Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Alario" title="John Alario">John Alario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">John Breaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Chevalier" title="Jay Chevalier">Jay Chevalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Connick_Sr." title="Harry Connick Sr.">Harry Connick Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Foster_(American_politician)" title="Mike Foster (American politician)">Mike Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Huntoon" title="Carolyn Huntoon">Carolyn Huntoon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Laborde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Laborde (page does not exist)">Raymond Laborde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Livingston" title="Bob Livingston">Bob Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Stalder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Stalder (page does not exist)">Richard Stalder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Tauzin" title="Billy Tauzin">Billy Tauzin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Boles_(politician)" title="Billy Boles (politician)">Billy Boles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._DeWitt_Jr." title="Charles W. DeWitt Jr.">Charles W. DeWitt Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_A._Guglielmo" title="Dudley A. Guglielmo">Dudley A. Guglielmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Landrieu" title="Moon Landrieu">Moon Landrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_G._%22Sonny%22_Mouton_Jr." title="Edgar G. "Sonny" Mouton Jr.">Edgar G. "Sonny" Mouton Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Lindsey_Holland_Rhodes" title="Doris Lindsey Holland Rhodes">Doris Lindsey Holland Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Shehee" title="Virginia Shehee">Virginia Shehee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Wardlaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Wardlaw (page does not exist)">Jack Wardlaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Bates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Bates (page does not exist)">Robert W. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Roberto_Flores" title="Carlos Roberto Flores">Carlos Roberto Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Flake_Flores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Flake Flores (page does not exist)">Mary Flake Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Jordan_(attorney)" title="Eddie Jordan (attorney)">Eddie J. Jordan Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtis_Joubert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtis Joubert (page does not exist)">Curtis Joubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boggs_Sigmund" title="Barbara Boggs Sigmund">Barbara Boggs Sigmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_C._Thompson" title="Francis C. Thompson">Francis C. Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Babineaux_Blanco" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Babineaux Blanco">Kathleen Babineaux Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Cook" title="Charlie Cook">Charlie Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Friedman" title="Sylvan Friedman">Sylvan Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Hines" title="Donald E. Hines">Donald E. Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Fox_McKeithen" title="W. Fox McKeithen">W. Fox McKeithen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecil_J._Picard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecil J. Picard (page does not exist)">Cecil J. Picard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Stelly" title="Vic Stelly">Vic Stelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Bajoie" title="Diana Bajoie">Diana E. Bajoie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Clausen" title="Sally Clausen">Sally Clausen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_deGravelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles deGravelles (page does not exist)">Charles deGravelles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_deGravelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia deGravelles (page does not exist)">Virginia deGravelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Downer" title="Hunt Downer">Hunt Downer</a></li> <li>Theodore "Ted" Jones</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Landrieu" title="Mary Landrieu">Mary Landrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_O%27Keefe" title="Sean O'Keefe">Sean O'Keefe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">Richard Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Freeman_Sr." title="Robert Louis Freeman Sr.">Bobby Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kip_Holden" title="Kip Holden">Melvin "Kip" Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Joseph" title="James A. Joseph">James A. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_G._Kelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald G. Kelly (page does not exist)">Donald G. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_LaPlante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John LaPlante (page does not exist)">John LaPlante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Odom" title="Bob Odom">Bob Odom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Randolph" title="Ned Randolph">Ned Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_R._Salter" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe R. Salter">Joe R. Salter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Ater" title="Al Ater">Al Ater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Campbell" title="Foster Campbell">Foster Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_John_(politician)" title="Chris John (politician)">Chris John</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Lee_(Louisiana_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Lee (Louisiana politician) (page does not exist)">Walter Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessel_Ourso" title="Jessel Ourso">Jessel Ourso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_F._Taylor" title="Patrick F. Taylor">Patrick F. Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Alexander" title="Rodney Alexander">Rodney Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randy_Ewing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randy Ewing (page does not exist)">Randy Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlton_Lyons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlton Lyons (page does not exist)">Charlton Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Nunez_Jr." title="Samuel B. Nunez Jr.">Samuel B. Nunez Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Nungesser_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Nungesser Sr. (page does not exist)">William Nungesser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Risley_C._Triche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Risley C. Triche (page does not exist)">Risley C. Triche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Brown_(politician)" title="James H. Brown (politician)">James H. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_May_Grace" title="Lucille May Grace">Lucille May Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_D._Kimball" title="Catherine D. Kimball">Catherine D. Kimball</a></li> <li>J. Kelly Nix</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Perlman" title="Ralph Perlman">Ralph Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Smith_(Louisiana_lobbyist)" title="Charlie Smith (Louisiana lobbyist)">Charlie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Baden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Baden (page does not exist)">Fred Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Edward_H%C3%A9bert" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Edward Hébert">Felix Edward Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._L._Henry" title="E. L. Henry">E. L. Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Huckaby" title="Jerry Huckaby">Jerry Huckaby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adras_LaBorde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adras LaBorde (page does not exist)">Adras LaBorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Montgomery" title="Billy Montgomery">Billy Montgomery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Barham" title="Charles C. Barham">Charles C. Barham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_J._Chabert" title="Leonard J. Chabert">Leonard J. Chabert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_J._Chabert" title="Marty J. Chabert">Marty J. Chabert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norby_Chabert" title="Norby Chabert">Norby Chabert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dement" title="George Dement">George Dement</a></li> <li>Leonard R. "Pop" Hataway</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Roppolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angelo Roppolo (page does not exist)">Angelo Roppolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Strother" title="Raymond Strother">Raymond Strother</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Marshall_Brown" title="J. Marshall Brown">J. Marshall Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bel_Edwards" title="John Bel Edwards">John Bel Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Fournet" title="John B. Fournet">John B. Fournet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Guidry" title="Dick Guidry">Richard P. "Dick" Guidry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_S._Hunt_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John S. Hunt II (page does not exist)">John S. Hunt II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_McConnell_Long" title="Rose McConnell Long">Rose McConnell Long</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mann_(Louisiana_historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Mann (Louisiana historian) (page does not exist)">Robert "Bob" Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Peltier_Jr." title="Harvey Peltier Jr.">Harvey Peltier Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peppi_Bruneau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peppi Bruneau (page does not exist)">Peppi Bruneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Caldwell" title="Buddy Caldwell">Buddy Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juba_Diez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juba Diez (page does not exist)">Juba Diez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noble_Ellington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noble Ellington (page does not exist)">Noble Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maginnis_(Louisiana_political_writer)" title="John Maginnis (Louisiana political writer)">John Maginnis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_A._Marvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles A. Marvin (page does not exist)">Charles A. Marvin</a></li> <li>Scott family: <a href="/wiki/Albin_Provosty" title="Albin Provosty">Albin Provosty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauman_Scott" title="Nauman Scott">Nauman Scott</a> and Jock Scott</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boysie_Bollinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boysie Bollinger (page does not exist)">Boysie Bollinger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randy_K._Haynie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randy K. Haynie (page does not exist)">Randy K. Haynie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ieyoub" title="Richard Ieyoub">Richard Ieyoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Houston Jones">Sam Houston Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mamoulides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mamoulides (page does not exist)">John Mamoulides</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braxton_Moody_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braxton Moody III (page does not exist)">Braxton Moody III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliste_Saloom_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaliste Saloom Jr. (page does not exist)">Kaliste Saloom Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jim Beam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Dimos" title="Jimmy Dimos">Jimmy Dimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._J._Jemison" title="T. J. Jemison">T. J. Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Mapes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Mapes (page does not exist)">Maurice Mapes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_Norris_(Louisiana_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dave Norris (Louisiana politician) (page does not exist)">Dave Norris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Alexander" title="Avery Alexander">Avery Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Dardenne" title="Jay Dardenne">Jay Dardenne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quentin_Dastugue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quentin Dastugue (page does not exist)">Quentin Dastugue</a></li> <li>James Gill</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_D._Lancaster_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles D. Lancaster Jr. (page does not exist)">Charles D. Lancaster Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Blanco" title="Raymond Blanco">Raymond Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marion_Edwards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marion Edwards (page does not exist)">Marion Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hardy_(politician)" title="Paul Hardy (politician)">Paul Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ron_Gomez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ron Gomez (page does not exist)">Ron Gomez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Zuschlag" title="Richard Zuschlag">Richard Zuschlag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q314384#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2698" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q314384#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2698" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081544675">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/74101542">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/15281/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtRMHVYpPrKFgTJ37RkDq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118780387">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50044378">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14597642q">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14597642q">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00621013">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0234308&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/163170">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069464073">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810643867105606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007275317205171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614869606706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02047490?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/d2cc5227-b909-4ce2-9302-1e7b40c65db9">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102067">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" 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