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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-理論史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#理論史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>理論史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-理論史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关理論史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-理論史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-牛顿的万有引力定律" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#牛顿的万有引力定律"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>牛顿的万有引力定律</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-牛顿的万有引力定律-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-廣義相對論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#廣義相對論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>廣義相對論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-廣義相對論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-引力传播的速度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引力传播的速度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>引力传播的速度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引力传播的速度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关内容" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关内容"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>相关内容</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-相关内容-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关相关内容子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-相关内容-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-地球引力" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地球引力"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>地球引力</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地球引力-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-自由落体方程组" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自由落体方程组"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>自由落体方程组</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自由落体方程组-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-万有引力和天文学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#万有引力和天文学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>万有引力和天文学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-万有引力和天文学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-萬有理論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#萬有理論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>萬有理論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-萬有理論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-应用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#应用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>应用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-应用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-可供参考的理论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#可供参考的理论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>可供参考的理论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-可供参考的理论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">引力</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。162种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-162" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">162种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaartekrag" title="Swaartekrag – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Swaartekrag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%B5%E1%89%A0%E1%89%B5" title="ግስበት – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ግስበት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravedat" title="Gravedat – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gravedat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جاذبية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاذبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جابدية – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جابدية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="جاذبيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاذبيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="মহাকৰ্ষণ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মহাকৰ্ষণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graved%C3%A1" title="Gravedá – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gravedá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazib%C9%99_q%C3%BCvv%C9%99si" title="Cazibə qüvvəsi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cazibə qüvvəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87" title="جاذیبه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جاذیبه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гравитация" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwaakroft" title="Schwaakroft – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schwaakroft" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitac%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Gravitacėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gravitacėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabidad" title="Grabidad – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Grabidad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гравітацыя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гравітацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гравітацыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гравітацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_s%C3%A8ngg%C3%A8t" title="Gaya sènggèt – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gaya sènggèt" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гравитация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gravitasi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7" title="মহাকর্ষ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহাকর্ষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7" title="অভিকর্ষ – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="অভিকর্ষ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitadur" title="Gravitadur – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gravitadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gravitacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravetat" title="Gravetat – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gravetat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%BE%E1%8F%8C%E1%8F%81%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎠᏓᎾᏌᏁᏍᎩ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏓᎾᏌᏁᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8E%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="ڕاکێشان (فیزیک) – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕاکێشان (فیزیک)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitace" title="Gravitace – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gravitace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Гравитаци – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гравитаци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgyrchiant" title="Disgyrchiant – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Disgyrchiant" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C4%B1%C5%9F%C3%AA_erdi" title="Antışê erdi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Antışê erdi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Βαρύτητα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαρύτητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gravity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravito" title="Gravito – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gravito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravedad" title="Gravedad – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gravedad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitatsioon" title="Gravitatsioon – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gravitatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabitazio" title="Grabitazio – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Grabitazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graved%C3%A1" title="Gravedá – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gravedá" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4" title="گرانش – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرانش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painovoima" title="Painovoima – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Painovoima" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibi" title="Bibi – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Bibi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaarkr%C3%A4%C3%A4ft" title="Swaarkrääft – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Swaarkrääft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiertekr%C3%AAft" title="Swiertekrêft – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Swiertekrêft" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imtharraingt" title="Imtharraingt – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Imtharraingt" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasyon" title="Gravitasyon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Gravitasyon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iom-tharraing" title="Iom-tharraing – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Iom-tharraing" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravidade" title="Gravidade – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gravidade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbaretepyte" title="Mbaretepyte – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbaretepyte" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi – 哥伦打洛语" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Gravitasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="哥伦打洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%A3" title="ગુરુત્વાકર્ષણ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગુરુત્વાકર્ષણ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ym-hayrn" title="Ym-hayrn – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ym-hayrn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94" title="כבידה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כבידה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gravitacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasyon" title="Gravitasyon – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gravitasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravit%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Gravitáció – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gravitáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ձգողականություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձգողականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviti" title="Graviti – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Graviti" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gravitasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitado" title="Gravitado – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gravitado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eyngdarafl" title="Þyngdarafl – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þyngdarafl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interazione_gravitazionale" title="Interazione gravitazionale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interazione gravitazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="重力 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="重力" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitieshan" title="Gravitieshan – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Gravitieshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/maircpukai" title="maircpukai – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="maircpukai" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gravitasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გრავიტაცია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრავიტაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taldayt" title="Taldayt – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taldayt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%89ama_h%C9%94m_%C9%96o%C5%8B_(gravitation)" title="Ɖama hɔm ɖoŋ (gravitation) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɖama hɔm ɖoŋ (gravitation)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гравитация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5" title="ಗುರುತ್ವ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗುರುತ್ವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="중력 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중력" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%9B%D9%B2%D9%86%D8%A0" title="گرٛٲنؠ – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گرٛٲنؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak%C3%AA%C5%9F" title="Rakêş – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rakêş" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83" title="Тартылуу – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тартылуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitas_(physica)" title="Gravitas (physica) – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gravitas (physica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitatioun" title="Gravitatioun – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gravitatioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravita" title="Gravita – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gravita" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essikirizo_(Gravity)" title="Essikirizo (Gravity) – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Essikirizo (Gravity)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwaordjekraf" title="Zwaordjekraf – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zwaordjekraf" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forza_de_gravit%C3%A0" title="Forza de gravità – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Forza de gravità" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ກາວິທັດ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກາວິທັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gravitacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravit%C4%81cija" title="Gravitācija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gravitācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gravitasi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Гравитација – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гравитација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="ഗുരുത്വാകർഷണം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗുരുത്വാകർഷണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Гравитаци – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гравитаци" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviti" title="Graviti – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Graviti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabidade" title="Grabidade – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Grabidade" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဒြပ်ဆွဲအား – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒြပ်ဆွဲအား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitatschoon" title="Gravitatschoon – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gravitatschoon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="गुरुत्व बल – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गुरुत्व बल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81" title="गेँसु – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गेँसु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwaartekracht" title="Zwaartekracht – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zwaartekracht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasjon" title="Gravitasjon – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gravitasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasjon" title="Gravitasjon – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gravitasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitatione" title="Gravitatione – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gravitatione" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacion" title="Gravitacion – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gravitacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkisoo" title="Harkisoo – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Harkisoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A" title="ਗੁਰੂਤਾ ਖਿੱਚ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਰੂਤਾ ਖਿੱਚ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grawitacja" title="Grawitacja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grawitacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="گریویٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گریویٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8%DB%90_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%87" title="د جاذبې قوه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د جاذبې قوه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravidade" title="Gravidade – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gravidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llasaturaku" title="Llasaturaku – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llasaturaku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravita%C8%9Bie" title="Gravitație – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gravitație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гравитация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ґравітація – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґравітація" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="गुरुत्वाकर्षणशक्तिः – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गुरुत्वाकर्षणशक्तिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravidade" title="Gravidade – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gravidade" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitazzioni_univirsali" title="Gravitazzioni univirsali – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gravitazzioni univirsali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B4%D8%B4_%D8%AB%D9%82%D9%84" title="ڪشش ثقل – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪشش ثقل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gravitacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="ගුරුත්වාකර්ෂණය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගුරුත්වාකර්ෂණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gravity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravit%C3%A1cia" title="Gravitácia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gravitácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C5%BEnost" title="Težnost – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Težnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A4dduvyeimi" title="Tiädduvyeimi – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tiädduvyeimi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunganidzo" title="Gunganidzo – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gunganidzo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cufisjiidad" title="Cufisjiidad – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cufisjiidad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviteti" title="Graviteti – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Graviteti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Гравитација – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гравитација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweerkraft" title="Sweerkraft – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sweerkraft" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gravitasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvutano" title="Uvutano – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uvutano" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="ஈர்ப்பு விசை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈர்ப்பு விசை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A3" title="గురుత్వాకర్షణ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గురుత్వాకర్షణ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Гирониш – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гирониш" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="ความโน้มถ่วง – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความโน้มถ่วง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabedad" title="Grabedad – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Grabedad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalavite" title="Kalavite – 汤加语" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kalavite" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCtle%C3%A7ekim" title="Kütleçekim – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kütleçekim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гравитация" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Гравитация" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%95%D9%85%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B4_%D9%83%DB%88%DA%86%D9%89" title="ئالەملىك تارتىش كۈچى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئالەملىك تارتىش كۈچى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гравітація – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гравітація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="ثقالت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ثقالت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitatsiya" title="Gravitatsiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gravitatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravit%C3%A0" title="Gravità – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gravità" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacii" title="Gravitacii – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gravitacii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%C3%A1c_h%E1%BA%A5p_d%E1%BA%ABn" title="Tương tác hấp dẫn – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tương tác hấp dẫn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulog-bug-%C3%A1t" title="Hulog-bug-át – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hulog-bug-át" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dooley_%C3%B1oddi" title="Dooley ñoddi – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Dooley ñoddi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="引力 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="引力" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გრავიტაცია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გრავიტაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="גראוויטאציע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גראוויטאציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="重力 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="重力" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C5%8Dng-le%CC%8Dk" title="Tiōng-le̍k – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiōng-le̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="萬有引力 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="萬有引力" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmNyondo" title="UmNyondo – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmNyondo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11412#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&oldid=83902318" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&id=83902318&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25BC%2595%25E5%258A%259B"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25BC%2595%25E5%258A%259B"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gravitation" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11412" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-ae3ddae8" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>Gravity</b>」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/Gravity_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gravity (消歧義)">Gravity (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>万有引力</b>」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="万有引力 (消歧义)">万有引力 (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div> <div id="noteTA-ae3ddae8" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Physics"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hant:西元;zh-hans:公元"></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GPB_circling_earth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/GPB_circling_earth.jpg/200px-GPB_circling_earth.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/GPB_circling_earth.jpg/300px-GPB_circling_earth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/GPB_circling_earth.jpg/400px-GPB_circling_earth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>地球引力场中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8B" title="引力探测器B">引力探测器B</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar_sys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Solar_sys.jpg/200px-Solar_sys.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Solar_sys.jpg/300px-Solar_sys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Solar_sys.jpg/400px-Solar_sys.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption><b>万有引力</b>使行星按照自身的轨道围绕<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="太阳">太阳</a>运转</figcaption></figure> <p><b>引力</b>或<b>重力</b>（<span lang="en">gravitation/gravity</span>）是造成所有具<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="质量">质量</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="物质">物质</a>之间相互吸引的作用，属一种<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="基本相互作用">基本相互作用</a>；其为地球表面物体<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F" title="重量">重量</a>的来源<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>由于物理学概念的发展，术语语义也随时代有变化；在严格区分术语的定义下，<b>引力</b>（gravitation）或称<b>万有引力</b>，用于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="天体">天体</a>之间的相互作用，而<b>重力</b>（gravity），用于地球对其上物体的作用。尽管引力与重力的差值非常小，两者仍可作区别。当考虑地球自转时，地表参考系属<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旋转参考系（页面不存在）">旋转参考系</a>并非<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%AF%E6%80%A7%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="惯性系">惯性系</a>，因此重力是“地球的万有引力与惯性离心力的合力”，此受<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%BF%83%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="离心力">离心力</a>影响的重力，可精确描述为“表观重力”<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>引力与<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="电磁力">电磁力</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="弱相互作用">弱相互作用</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="强相互作用">强相互作用</a>一起构成自然界的四大<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="基本相互作用">基本相互作用</a>。在这四种基本相互作用中，引力是最弱的一种，但同时也是一种长程有效作用力<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="現代物理學">现代物理学</a>中，引力<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="现象">现象</a>一般由<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="广义相对论">广义相对论</a>来精确描述，认为引力反映了物体的<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%AF%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="惯性定理">惯性</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="广义相对论">弯曲时空</a>中的表现。而<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="经典力学">经典力学</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛顿万有引力定律">牛顿万有引力定律</a>则是对引力在通常物理条件下的极好的近似描述。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>上，物体受地球引力产生了<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="重力加速度">重力加速度</a>，其方向为豎直向下而使物体落向地面，此引力并赋予物体<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F" title="重量">重量</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a>中，引力让物质聚集而形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="天体">天体</a>，同时也让天体之间相互吸引，形成按照轨道运转的天体系统。此外，月球以及太陽对地球上海水的引力，形成了地球上的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90" title="潮汐">潮汐</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="理論史"><span id=".E7.90.86.E8.AB.96.E5.8F.B2"></span>理論史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：理論史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E5%8F%B2" title="重力理論史">重力理論史</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="牛顿的万有引力定律"><span id=".E7.89.9B.E9.A1.BF.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.87.E6.9C.89.E5.BC.95.E5.8A.9B.E5.AE.9A.E5.BE.8B"></span>牛顿的万有引力定律</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：牛顿的万有引力定律"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛顿万有引力定律">牛顿万有引力定律</a></div> <p>在1687年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="艾薩克·牛頓">艾薩克·牛頓</a>在他的《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="自然哲学的数学原理">自然哲学的数学原理</a>》一书中发表了万有引力定律。牛顿的万有引力定律的陈述如下： </p> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">宇宙中每个质点都以一种力吸引其他各个质点。这种力与各质点的质量的乘积成正比，与它们之间距离的平方成反比。<br />Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.<br /><cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — 艾薩克·牛頓， 自然哲学的数学原理</cite></div></blockquote> <p>如果两个质点的质量分别为<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31aafa60e48d39ccce922404c0b80340b2cc777a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.095ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{1}}"></span>、<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0ecebe334d5cadc3ffcf245eb02919034d7a2ec8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.095ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{2}}"></span>，并且在它们之间的距离为<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}"></span>，则它们之间的万有引力<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/545fd099af8541605f7ee55f08225526be88ce57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.741ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F}"></span>为 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=G{\frac {m_{1}m_{2}}{r^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=G{\frac {m_{1}m_{2}}{r^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3156e20e0c0ed9373b47b53e48663d2c6f014e46" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:13.691ex; height:5.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=G{\frac {m_{1}m_{2}}{r^{2}}}}"></span>；</dd></dl> <p>其中，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G}"></span>是被称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="引力常数">引力常数</a>（或万有引力常数），2018年CODATA推薦的引力常數值是<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G=(6.67430\pm 0.00015)\times 10^{-11}\operatorname {m} ^{3}/(\operatorname {kg} \cdot \operatorname {s} ^{2})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>6.67430</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.00015</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>kg</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G=(6.67430\pm 0.00015)\times 10^{-11}\operatorname {m} ^{3}/(\operatorname {kg} \cdot \operatorname {s} ^{2})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43cc20a33e56036f8dcb912b2d2e11a2f90a8d18" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:45.656ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G=(6.67430\pm 0.00015)\times 10^{-11}\operatorname {m} ^{3}/(\operatorname {kg} \cdot \operatorname {s} ^{2})}"></span>。注：只有当两个物体之间的距离远大于物体的几何尺寸时，物体可以近似看作<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%BB%9E" title="質點">質點</a>，这个公式才是适用的。否则应当把物体分割为足够小的质点，两两之间计算引力，而后进行<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86" title="积分">积分</a>。 </p><p>重力的单位有<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93_(%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D)" title="牛頓 (單位)">牛顿</a>（N）或是<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%9B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="達因">達因</a>（dyn），在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="国际单位制">国际单位制</a>中，1<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%96%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="公斤">公斤</a>的物体在地球表面的重量大约是<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 9.8\operatorname {kg} \cdot \operatorname {m} \cdot \operatorname {s} ^{-2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>9.8</mn> <mi>kg</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 9.8\operatorname {kg} \cdot \operatorname {m} \cdot \operatorname {s} ^{-2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/61b5ee3bd18bedcbd2fc8b4b80e99ebaac8ca189" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.776ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 9.8\operatorname {kg} \cdot \operatorname {m} \cdot \operatorname {s} ^{-2}}"></span>。在<a href="/wiki/CGS%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="CGS制">CGS制</a>中，1<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">克</a>的物体在地球表面的重量大约是<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 980\operatorname {g} \cdot \operatorname {cm} \cdot \operatorname {s} ^{-2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>980</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>cm</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 980\operatorname {g} \cdot \operatorname {cm} \cdot \operatorname {s} ^{-2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a43b9c7610f395ce58215b93c1d51d0e434547fd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.096ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 980\operatorname {g} \cdot \operatorname {cm} \cdot \operatorname {s} ^{-2}}"></span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="廣義相對論"><span id=".E5.BB.A3.E7.BE.A9.E7.9B.B8.E5.B0.8D.E8.AB.96"></span>廣義相對論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：廣義相對論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96" title="廣義相對論">廣義相對論</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravitation_space_source.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gravitation_space_source.png/200px-Gravitation_space_source.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Gravitation_space_source.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>引力源附近扭曲的时空</figcaption></figure> <p>1916年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦">阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦</a>发表<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="广义相对论">广义相对论</a>，用<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6" title="几何学">几何</a>语言描述的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="万有引力">引力</a>理论，它代表了现代物理学中引力理论研究的最高層級。广义相对论将经典的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛顿万有引力定律">牛顿万有引力定律</a>包含在<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AD%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="狭义相对论">狭义相对论</a>的框架中。在广义相对论中，引力被描述为<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E7%A9%BA" title="时空">时空</a>的一种几何属性（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E7%8E%87" title="曲率">曲率</a>）；而这种时空曲率与处于时空中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="物质">物质</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84" title="辐射">辐射</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E5%8A%9B-%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%B5%E9%87%8F" title="應力-能量張量">能量-动量张量</a>直接相联系，其联系方式即是<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%BA%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="爱因斯坦场方程">爱因斯坦场方程</a>（一个二阶非线性<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="偏微分方程">偏微分方程</a>组）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="引力传播的速度"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E5.8A.9B.E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD.E7.9A.84.E9.80.9F.E5.BA.A6"></span>引力传播的速度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：引力传播的速度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>对于引力传播的速度基本有三种理论： </p> <ol><li>牛顿的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%B7%9D%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="超距作用">超距作用</a>观点，认为引力的传递不需要时间（速度无限大）。</li> <li>引力的速度是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%85%89%E9%80%9F" title="超光速">超光速</a>的某值。</li> <li>現在所普遍認定的是愛因斯坦所提出的說法，即重力的傳播速度是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA" title="真空">真空</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%80%9F" title="光速">光速</a>。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关内容"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E5.86.85.E5.AE.B9"></span>相关内容</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：相关内容"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="地球引力"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.83.E5.BC.95.E5.8A.9B"></span>地球引力</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：地球引力"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="地球引力">地球引力</a></div> <p>各个行星天体，包括地球，都具有其自身的万有引力特性。假設一個球形對稱的物體，對一特定位置的引力強度和物體質量成正比，和物體球心的距離平方成反比。 </p><p>一位置的引力場強度等於一物體放置在該位置時，受影響而產生的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="加速度">加速度</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>表面的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="重力加速度">自由落體加速度</a>被表示为<i>g</i>，可以用以下的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="標準重力">標準重力</a>表示：根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F%E8%A1%A1%E5%B1%80" title="國際度量衡局">國際度量衡局</a>（BIPM）的資料，標準重力為9.80665m/s<sup>2</sup>或者32.1740ft/s<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。 </p><p>这表明，如果忽视<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E9%98%BB%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="空气阻力">空气阻力</a>的影响，在地表附近正在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%90%BD%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="自由落体">自由落体</a>的物体速度每秒将增加9.81 m/s（大约22mph）。因此，一个从静止开始下落的物体在一秒后的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="速度">速度</a>将达到9.81 m/s，第二秒将达到19.62 m/s，以后的情况也将依此类推。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravity_action-reaction.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gravity_action-reaction.gif/220px-Gravity_action-reaction.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gravity_action-reaction.gif/330px-Gravity_action-reaction.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gravity_action-reaction.gif/440px-Gravity_action-reaction.gif 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption>如图，一密度和地球相當的物體（圖中較小的圓）接近地球（圖中較大的圓），可以觀測到地球因受吸引而產生的加速度</figcaption></figure> <p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛頓第三運動定律">牛頓第三運動定律</a>，地球同时也受到下落的物体等值反向的力的作用，意味着地球也将加速向物体运动。但是，由于地球巨大的质量，这个加速度小到难以察觉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="自由落体方程组"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E7.94.B1.E8.90.BD.E4.BD.93.E6.96.B9.E7.A8.8B.E7.BB.84"></span>自由落体方程组</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：自由落体方程组"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%90%BD%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="自由落体">自由落体</a></div> <p>在一般情况下，物体因不变的重力持续作用而运动时，一组动力学方程组可描述它运动的轨道。例如，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="万有引力定律">牛顿万有引力定律</a>给出了一个简单的方程<i>F = mg</i>，其中<i>m</i>代表物体的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="质量">质量</a>。当物体自由落体向地球的距离可以以我们日常用到的距离衡量时，这个猜想是合理的；但若用于对大距离譬如太空船的轨道进行计算时，这将导致极大的误差。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="万有引力和天文学"><span id=".E4.B8.87.E6.9C.89.E5.BC.95.E5.8A.9B.E5.92.8C.E5.A4.A9.E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6"></span>万有引力和天文学</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：万有引力和天文学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>牛顿的万有引力定律的发现和应用被用于计算和了解我们的太阳系內各个行星的详细信息、太阳的质量、恒星间的距离，甚至被用于推测<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="暗物质">暗物质</a>理论。尽管人类还没有去过太阳和其他星球，我们都可以知道它们的质量。这些都是通过万有引力定律研究得出的。在空间中任何物体都按照一定的轨道围绕某些大质量物体运转，它们之间的万有引力保持着它们的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="轨道">轨道</a>。行星围绕恒星运转，恒星围绕<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="星系中心（页面不存在）">星系中心</a>运转，<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB" title="星系">星系</a>围绕<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%9F%E5%9B%A2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="星团中心（页面不存在）">星团中心</a>运转，<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%9B%A2" title="星团">星团</a>围绕<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="超星系团">超星系团</a>运转。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="萬有理論"><span id=".E8.90.AC.E6.9C.89.E7.90.86.E8.AB.96"></span>萬有理論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：萬有理論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%9C%89%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="萬有理論">萬有理論</a></div> <p>在上个世纪，另外三大基本相互作用：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="强相互作用">强相互作用</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="弱相互作用">弱相互作用</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="电磁相互作用">电磁相互作用</a>的产生机制已经通过傳遞相對作用的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="規範玻色子">規範玻色子</a>的观念加以解决。现在人们正在尝试将規範玻色子、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="相对论">相对论</a>与万有引力联合成为一个统一的整体。因此，重力相互作用是如何与其他三个基本作用互相影响的是一个未决问题。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="应用"><span id=".E5.BA.94.E7.94.A8"></span>应用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：应用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>极大数量的机械发明的正常运行在某种程度上依赖于重力而实现。例如，高度差可以提供有用的液压，这是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E8%84%88%E6%BB%B4%E6%B3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="靜脈滴注">静脉滴注</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A1%94" title="水塔">水塔</a>的运作原理。利用水的重力势能发电的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="水力发电">水力发电</a>装置亦可以用这种能量将电车推上斜坡。同样，缆绳上悬挂的重物可通过<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E8%BD%AE" title="滑轮">滑轮</a>使缆绳及缆绳位于滑轮另一边的那一部分持续地绷紧。 </p><p>还有更多的例子：比如说熔<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">铅</a>，当铅水从<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%B0%E5%BD%88%E5%A1%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霰彈塔（页面不存在）">霰彈塔</a>的顶端灌入后，会变成一颗颗如雨点一般散落的铅弹——首先被分离成为多个小液滴，形成熔融状态的球体，之后逐渐凝固为固体，并在被众多相同的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%94%E8%9E%8D%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熔融石（页面不存在）">熔融石</a>的共同作用下，最终在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%90%BD%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="自由落体">自由落体</a>中冷却形成球形或近球形。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%92%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重力驱动时钟（页面不存在）">重力驱动</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E9%92%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="时钟">时钟</a>由重力势能提供运行的能量，<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%86%E9%92%9F" title="摆钟">摆钟</a>则依赖于重力来校准时间。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="人造卫星">人造</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="卫星">卫星</a>的正常运行则是运用牛顿《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="自然哲学的数学原理">原理</a>》计算的结果。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="可供参考的理论"><span id=".E5.8F.AF.E4.BE.9B.E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E7.9A.84.E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA"></span>可供参考的理论</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：可供参考的理论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>历史上的各种理论</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="亚里士多德重力理论">亚里士多德重力理论</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">认为，物体的运动速度和其所受外界的合力是成正比（或者是该物体所受的自己本身的重力），并且和物体运动介质的粘度成反比。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2012年2月12日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89" title="尼古拉·特斯拉">尼可拉·特斯拉</a>（Nikola Tesla）表示這個理論「在任何細節中都運作的完美無暇」但是从未发表的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="引力的動態理論">重力动力学理论</a>；由於美國政府的干擾，他在來不及發表他的演說時就被美國政府制止，並把他的研究報告列入絕密檔案，因为理论的细节（如果有的话）并没有透露，并没有得到物理学家们的重视。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9F%E5%BA%94%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="感应重力（页面不存在）">感应重力</a>（<i>Induced Gravity</i>），由<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="萨哈罗夫">安德烈·萨哈罗夫</a>（Andrei Sakharov）提出，认为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="广义相对论">广义相对论</a>可能起源于<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="量子场论">量子场论</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%90%89%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="雷萨吉万有引力理论">雷萨吉万有引力理论</a>（<i>Le Sage's Theory of Gravitation</i>，也叫做<b>雷萨吉重力理论</b>），由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB-%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%90%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乔治-路易斯·雷萨吉（页面不存在）">乔治-路易斯·雷萨吉</a>（Georges-Louis Le Sage）提出，以一种充满整个宇宙轻的气体的流动来解释这种现象。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%A7%86%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="諾斯特朗姆万有引力理论（页面不存在）">諾斯特朗姆万有引力理论</a>（<i>Nordström's Theory of Gravitation</i>），广义相对论的早期竞争者。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%80%E7%89%B9%E9%BB%91%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="怀特黑德万有引力理论（页面不存在）">怀特黑德万有引力理论</a>，（<i>Whitehead's Theory of Gravitation</i>）广义相对论的另一个早期竞争者。</li></ul> <p><b>最近的各种理论</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="约翰·莫法特">约翰·莫法特</a>提出<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非對稱重力理論（页面不存在）">非對稱重力理論</a>（Nonsymmetric gravitational theory）。</li> <li>布兰斯-迪克（Brans-Dicke）有关重力的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF-%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布兰斯-迪克理论（页面不存在）">理论</a>（<i>Brans-Dicke theory</i>）。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%A3%AE" title="納森·羅森">纳森·罗森</a>有关重力的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosen_bi-metric%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosen bi-metric理论（页面不存在）">理论</a>（<i>Rosen Bi-metric Theory</i>）。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%87%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%BC%E8%8B%A5%E5%A7%86" title="莫德采·米爾格若姆">莫德采·米尔格若姆</a>（Mordehai Milgrom）在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="修正牛顿引力理论（页面不存在）">修正牛顿引力理论</a>（<i>Modified Newtonian Dynamics</i>, MOND）中，提出在微小加速运动上对<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛顿第二定律">牛顿第二定律</a>的修正。</li> <li>新近提出的且被高度争论的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="程序物理学（页面不存在）">程序物理学</a>（<i>Process Physics</i>）理论试图处理重力问题。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E5%BB%BA%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自建宇宙理论（页面不存在）">自建宇宙理论</a>（<i>Self Creation Cosmology</i>）将<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF-%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布兰斯-迪克理论（页面不存在）">布兰斯-迪克理论</a>修正为允许创造质量。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7" title="埃里克·韦尔兰德">埃里克·韋爾蘭德</a>提出<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E7%86%B5%E5%8A%9B%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="引力的熵力假说">引力的熵力假说</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:4; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="反重力">反重力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="人造重力">人造重力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="伯克兰电流">伯克兰电流</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="爱因斯坦，英费尔德·霍夫曼方程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%EF%BC%8C%E8%8B%B1%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爱因斯坦，英费尔德·霍夫曼方程（页面不存在）">爱因斯坦，英费尔德·霍夫曼方程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Infeld%E2%80%93Hoffmann_equations" class="extiw" title="en:Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%83%E9%80%B8%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="逃逸速度">逃逸速度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E5%8A%9B" title="G力">G力</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="規範重力論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gauge gravitation theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="規範重力論（页面不存在）">規範重力論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_gravitation_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Gauge gravitation theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gauge gravitation theory</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="高斯重力定律">高斯重力定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="广义相对论">广义相对论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-disambig" title="重力波">重力波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="重力结合能">重力结合能</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="重力陡度计" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gravity gradiometry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E9%99%A1%E5%BA%A6%E8%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重力陡度计（页面不存在）">重力陡度计</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_gradiometry" class="extiw" title="en:Gravity gradiometry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gravity gradiometry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="引力研究基金会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gravity Research Foundation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="引力研究基金会（页面不存在）">引力研究基金会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_Research_Foundation" class="extiw" title="en:Gravity Research Foundation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gravity Research Foundation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分离定理（页面不存在）">重力和分离定理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%8D%E6%BC%94%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="重力反演和气候实验">重力反演和气候实验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B#开普勒第三定律" title="开普勒定律">开普勒行星运动第三定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%BD%93%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="多体问题">多体问题</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="先锋号太空船异常现象" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pioneer anomaly"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B9%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="先锋号太空船异常现象（页面不存在）">先锋号太空船异常现象</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_anomaly" class="extiw" title="en:Pioneer anomaly"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pioneer anomaly</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="标量重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scalar theories of gravitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%87%E9%87%8F%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="标量重力（页面不存在）">标量重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_theories_of_gravitation" class="extiw" title="en:Scalar theories of gravitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scalar theories of gravitation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5%E7%82%B9" title="拉格朗日点">拉格朗日点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%83%E6%95%B8" title="標準重力參數">标准重力参数</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="重力的速度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Speed of gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重力的速度（页面不存在）">重力的速度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Speed of gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Speed of gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E9%87%8D" title="失重">失重</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%BF%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="重力势能">重力势能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%A9%E6%8E%A8" title="重力助推">重力助推</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%90" title="引力子">引力子</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">陳正興. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708230843/http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1327666/">重力，引力</a>. 國家教育研究院學術名詞資訊網. 國家教育研究院. 2002. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1327666/">原始内容</a>存档于2017-07-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&rft.atitle=%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%EF%BC%8C%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E6%AD%A3%E8%88%88&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fterms.naer.edu.tw%2Fdetail%2F1327666%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">赵凯华. 概念的形成是首要的,然后才是名称——谈"重力"的定义[J]. 物理教学, 2011(01)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?p=22470">物質間的基本交互作用力</a>. 中華民國國科會高瞻自然科學教學資源平台. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211051901/http://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?p=22470">存档</a>于2013-12-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&rft.btitle=%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E7%A7%91%E6%9C%83%E9%AB%98%E7%9E%BB%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhighscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw%2Fwordpress%2F%3Fp%3D22470&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf">The International System of Units (SI)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 8th ed. 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-11-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105051930/http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2013-11-05）. <q>Unit names are normally printed in roman (upright) type ... Symbols for quantities are generally single letters set in an italic font, although they may be qualified by further information in subscripts or superscripts or in brackets.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&rft.atitle=The+International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29&rft.au=Bureau+International+des+Poids+et+Mesures&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Futils%2Fcommon%2Fpdf%2Fsi_brochure_8_en.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/checklist.html">SI Unit rules and style conventions</a>. National Institute For Standards and Technology (USA). September 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-11-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080205121848/http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/checklist.html">存档</a>于2008-02-05）. <q>Variables and quantity symbols are in italic type. Unit symbols are in roman type.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&rft.btitle=SI+Unit+rules+and+style+conventions&rft.date=2004-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Institute+For+Standards+and+Technology+%28USA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcuu%2FUnits%2Fchecklist.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>参考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：参考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Halliday, David; Robert Resnick; Kenneth S. Krane. Physics v. 1. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780471320579" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-471-32057-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Halliday&rft.btitle=Physics+v.+1&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Serway, Raymond A.; Jewett, John W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/physicsforscient06edserw">Physics for Scientists and Engineers</a> 6th ed. Brooks/Cole. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780534408428" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-534-40842-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&rft.aufirst=Raymond+A.&rft.aulast=Serway&rft.btitle=Physics+for+Scientists+and+Engineers&rft.date=2004&rft.edition=6th+ed.&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Brooks%2FCole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphysicsforscient06edserw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Tipler, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/physicsforscient0002tipl">Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Mechanics, Oscillations and Waves, Thermodynamics</a> 5th ed. W. H. Freeman. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780716708094" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7167-0809-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Tipler&rft.btitle=Physics+for+Scientists+and+Engineers%3A+Mechanics%2C+Oscillations+and+Waves%2C+Thermodynamics&rft.date=2004&rft.edition=5th+ed.&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphysicsforscient0002tipl&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleg_D._Jefimenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleg D. Jefimenko（页面不存在）">Jefimenko, Oleg D.</a>，"<i>Causality, electromagnetic induction, and gravitation : a different approach to the theory of electromagnetic and gravitational fields</i>". Star City [West Virginia]：Electret Scientific Co., c1992. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780917406096" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-917406-09-6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliver_Heaviside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oliver Heaviside（页面不存在）">Heaviside, Oliver</a>，"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060422083015/http://www.as.wvu.edu/coll03/phys/www/Heavisid.htm">A gravitational and electromagnetic analogy</a></i>"（英文）. The Electrician, 1893.</li> <li>Proposition 75, Theorem 35: p.956 - I.Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman, translators: Isaac Newton, <i>The Principia</i>: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Preceded by <i>A Guide to Newton's Principia</i>, by I.Bernard Cohen. University of California Press 1999年ISBN 978-0-520-08816-0 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780520088177" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-520-08817-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Born">Max Born</a>（1924年）, <i>Einstein's Theory of Relativity</i>(The 1962 Dover edition, page 348 lists a table documenting the observed and calculated values for the precession of the perihelion of Mercury, Venus, and Earth.)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://einstein.stanford.edu/">Gravity Probe B Experiment</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20091027034721/http://einstein.stanford.edu/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）英文，爱因斯坦官方网站（斯坦福大学）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208202836/http://www.rainbowplan.org/column/002/3.html">大珠小珠落玉盘</a>中文，有关于霰彈塔的一些介绍</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="電磁輻射">電磁輻射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E6%B3%A2" title="引力波">重力波</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">假想的力 <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%A7%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="第五种力">第五种力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="第五元素 (物理學)">第五元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E7%8C%9C%E6%83%B3" title="弱引力猜想">弱引力猜想</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="幻能量">幻能量</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="重力理論" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">牛頓重力</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="万有引力定律">万有引力定律</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="经典力学">古典力學</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E5%8F%B2" title="重力理論史">重力理論史</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96" title="廣義相對論">廣義相對論</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" title="廣義相對論入門">入門</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="廣義相對論的歷史">歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="廣義相對論中的數學">數學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81" title="广义相对论的实验验证">验证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E8%AB%96" title="後牛頓形式論">後牛頓形式論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="線性化重力">線性化重力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADM%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" title="ADM質量">ADM質量</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="廣義相對論的替代理論">廣義相對論的替代理論</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">範型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="廣義相對論的替代理論">古典重力理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="量子引力">量子重力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="万有理论">万有理论</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">古典重力理論</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6-%E5%98%89%E7%95%B6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="愛因斯坦-嘉當理論">愛因斯坦-嘉當理論</a>（ECT理論）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雙度規理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bimetric theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E5%BA%A6%E8%A6%8F%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雙度規理論（页面不存在）">雙度規理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimetric_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Bimetric theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bimetric theory</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="共形重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Conformal gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E5%BD%A2%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="共形重力（页面不存在）">共形重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Conformal gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Conformal gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="調整牛頓動力學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Modified Newtonian dynamics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%BF%E6%95%B4%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="調整牛頓動力學（页面不存在）">調整牛頓動力學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics" class="extiw" title="en:Modified Newtonian dynamics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Modified Newtonian dynamics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="幾何動力學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geometrodynamics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="幾何動力學（页面不存在）">幾何動力學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrodynamics" class="extiw" title="en:Geometrodynamics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geometrodynamics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Teleparallelism" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Teleparallelism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teleparallelism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teleparallelism（页面不存在）">Teleparallelism</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleparallelism" class="extiw" title="en:Teleparallelism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Teleparallelism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="複合重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Composite gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="複合重力（页面不存在）">複合重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Composite gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Composite gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="具質量重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Massive gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B7%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="具質量重力（页面不存在）">具質量重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Massive gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Massive gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="純量重力理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scalar theories of gravitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%94%E9%87%8F%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="純量重力理論（页面不存在）">純量重力理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_theories_of_gravitation" class="extiw" title="en:Scalar theories of gravitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scalar theories of gravitation</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="諾德斯特洛姆重力理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nordström's theory of gravitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%BE%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E5%A7%86%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="諾德斯特洛姆重力理論（页面不存在）">諾德斯特洛姆重力理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordstr%C3%B6m%27s_theory_of_gravitation" class="extiw" title="en:Nordström's theory of gravitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nordström's theory of gravitation</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="純量-張量理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scalar–tensor theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%94%E9%87%8F-%E5%BC%B5%E9%87%8F%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="純量-張量理論（页面不存在）">純量-張量理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%E2%80%93tensor_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Scalar–tensor theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scalar–tensor theory</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布蘭斯-狄克理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brans–Dicke theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E8%98%AD%E6%96%AF-%E7%8B%84%E5%85%8B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布蘭斯-狄克理論（页面不存在）">布蘭斯-狄克理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brans%E2%80%93Dicke_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Brans–Dicke theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brans–Dicke theory</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="懷海德重力理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Whitehead's theory of gravitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%87%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="懷海德重力理論（页面不存在）">懷海德重力理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehead%27s_theory_of_gravitation" class="extiw" title="en:Whitehead's theory of gravitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Whitehead's theory of gravitation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非對稱重力理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nonsymmetric gravitational theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非對稱重力理論（页面不存在）">非對稱重力理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonsymmetric_gravitational_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Nonsymmetric gravitational theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nonsymmetric gravitational theory</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="純量-張量-向量重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scalar–tensor–vector gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%94%E9%87%8F-%E5%BC%B5%E9%87%8F-%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="純量-張量-向量重力（页面不存在）">純量-張量-向量重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%E2%80%93tensor%E2%80%93vector_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Scalar–tensor–vector gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scalar–tensor–vector gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="張量-向量-純量重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tensor–vector–scalar gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B5%E9%87%8F-%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F-%E7%B4%94%E9%87%8F%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="張量-向量-純量重力（页面不存在）">張量-向量-純量重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%E2%80%93vector%E2%80%93scalar_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Tensor–vector–scalar gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tensor–vector–scalar gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">量子重力理論</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐幾里得量子重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Euclidean quantum gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E5%B9%BE%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐幾里得量子重力（页面不存在）">歐幾里得量子重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_quantum_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Euclidean quantum gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Euclidean quantum gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="正則量子重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Canonical quantum gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E5%89%87%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正則量子重力（页面不存在）">正則量子重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_quantum_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Canonical quantum gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Canonical quantum gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E5%8B%92-%E5%BE%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="惠勒-德威特方程式">惠勒-德威特方程式</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="迴圈量子重力">迴圈量子重力</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB" title="自旋泡沫">自旋泡沫</a>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="因果動力學三角剖分" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Causal dynamical triangulation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%89%96%E5%88%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="因果動力學三角剖分（页面不存在）">因果動力學三角剖分</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_dynamical_triangulation" class="extiw" title="en:Causal dynamical triangulation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Causal dynamical triangulation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="引生重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Induced gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E7%94%9F%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="引生重力（页面不存在）">引生重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Induced gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Induced gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="因果集" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Causal sets"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="因果集（页面不存在）">因果集</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_sets" class="extiw" title="en:Causal sets"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Causal sets</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DGP%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="DGP模型">DGP模型</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="经典统一场论">经典统一场论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%AD%AF%E6%89%8E-%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E5%9B%A0%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="卡魯扎-克萊因理論">卡魯扎-克萊因理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="超引力">超引力</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">量子<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="统一场论">统一场论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95" title="非交換幾何">非交換幾何</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自我創造宇宙學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brans–Dicke theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自我創造宇宙學（页面不存在）">自我創造宇宙學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brans%E2%80%93Dicke_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Brans–Dicke theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brans–Dicke theory</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="半古典重力">半古典重力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="弦理論">弦論</a>（<a href="/wiki/M%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="M理论">M理论</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="超弦理論">超弦理論</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">廣義相對論推廣</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="劉維爾重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Liouville gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉維爾重力（页面不存在）">劉維爾重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Liouville gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Liouville gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高斯-博內重力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gauss–Bonnet gravity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF-%E5%8D%9A%E5%85%A7%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高斯-博內重力（页面不存在）">高斯-博內重力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%E2%80%93Bonnet_gravity" class="extiw" title="en:Gauss–Bonnet gravity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gauss–Bonnet gravity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">前牛頓理論與玩具模型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="亚里士多德物理学">亚里士多德物理学</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="亚里士多德重力理论">重力理論</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="重力的力學解釋" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mechanical explanations of gravitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重力的力學解釋（页面不存在）">重力的力學解釋</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_explanations_of_gravitation" class="extiw" title="en:Mechanical explanations of gravitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mechanical explanations of gravitation</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E8%96%A9%E5%90%89%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="勒薩吉重力理論">勒薩吉重力理論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E7%86%B5%E5%8A%9B%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="引力的熵力假说">引力的熵力假说</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反物質的重力交互作用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gravitational interaction of antimatter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反物質的重力交互作用（页面不存在）">反物質的重力交互作用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_interaction_of_antimatter" class="extiw" title="en:Gravitational interaction of antimatter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gravitational interaction of antimatter</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="连续介质力学">连续介质</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="天體力學">天体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="统计力学">统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="流体力学">流体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波">波</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%BA_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86)" title="场 (物理)">场</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">引力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%A6" title="电磁学">电磁学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%A6" title="经典电磁学">经典</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="量子场论">量子场论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="相对论">相对论</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AD%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="狭义相对论">狭义相对论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96" title="廣義相對論">廣義相對論</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">按专业</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="數碼物理學">數碼物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="计算物理学">计算物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="粒子物理學">粒子物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">原子核物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%89%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子分子与光物理学">原子分子與光物理學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分子物理学">分子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子物理学">原子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="等离子体物理学">等离子体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="统计力学">统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="凝聚态物理学">凝聚态物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%A7%82%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="介观物理学">介观</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="软物质">软</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子物理学">高分子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="声学">声学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学">光学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="几何光学">几何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="物理光学">物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="非线性光学">非线性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="量子光学">量子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="核天体物理学">核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="恒星物理学">恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体粒子物理学">天体粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="太阳物理学">太阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="空间物理学">空间</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">生命科学中的物理学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理学">生物物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物力学">生物力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="农业物理学">农业物理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="醫學物理">醫學物理</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="激光医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laser medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="激光医学（页面不存在）">激光医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Laser medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laser medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="核医学">核医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" title="醫學影像">醫學影像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="心理物理学">心理物理学</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%99%85%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88" title="科际整合">交叉学科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="数学物理">数学物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="非线性物理学">非线性物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟物理學">经济物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子物理学">高分子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="化学物理学">化学物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="物理宇宙学">物理宇宙学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="大气物理学">大气</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="云物理学">云</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤物理學">土壤物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="物理海洋学">物理海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="量子信息科学">量子信息科学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">有关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">诺贝尔物理学奖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="物理教育">物理教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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