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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-音韻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音韻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">一</span> <span>音韻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音韻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-語法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">二</span> <span>語法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">三</span> <span>文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-沿革" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#沿革"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">四</span> <span>沿革</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-沿革-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">五</span> <span>方言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-方言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-書典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">六</span> <span>書典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-書典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-他典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#他典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">七</span> <span>他典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-他典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="切換目次" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">切換目次</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">漢語</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有二二四種語言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-224" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">二二四種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Акитаи бызшәа – 阿布哈茲文" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Акитаи бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈茲文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Cina" title="Bahsa Cina – 亞齊文" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Cina" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亞齊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinees" title="Chinees – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chinees" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesische_Sprachen" title="Chinesische Sprachen – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Chinesische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%9B" title="ቻይንኛ – 阿姆哈拉文" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቻይንኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwaping_a_sowal" title="Kuwaping a sowal – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Kuwaping a sowal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_chin%C3%A9s" title="Idioma chinés – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma chinés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="मानक मंदारिन – 昂加文" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मानक मंदारिन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الصينية – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الصينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A8%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܨܝܢܝܐ – 阿拉米文" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܨܝܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الشينوية – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الشينوية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه صينى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه صينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="চীনা ভাষা – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চীনা ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_chinu" title="Idioma chinu – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma chinu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siniafa_ava" title="Siniafa ava – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Siniafa ava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_dili" title="Çin dili – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çin dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="چین دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چین دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ҡытай теле – 巴什喀爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡытай теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什喀爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C3%A4sisch" title="Kinäsisch – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kinäsisch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%97nu_kalba" title="Kėnu kalba – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kėnu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Sina" title="Hata Sina – 巴塔克托巴文" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Sina" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="巴塔克托巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Intsik" title="Tataramon na Intsik – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Intsik" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кітайская мова – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кітайская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кітайская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кітайская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Tionghoa" title="Basa Tionghoa – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Tionghoa" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Китайски език – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китайски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चीनी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चीनी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="চীনা ভাষা – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চীনা ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91" title="རྒྱ་སྐད – 藏文" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱ་སྐད" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_sinaek" title="Yezhoù sinaek – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù sinaek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineski_jezik" title="Kineski jezik – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kineski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Tionghoa" title="Saro Tionghoa – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Tionghoa" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Хитад хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хитад хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_sin%C3%ADtiques" title="Llengües sinítiques – 加泰蘭文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües sinítiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Háng-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Háng-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Цийн мотт – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inintsik" title="Inintsik – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inintsik" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B6%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A8_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8F%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎦᏬᏂᏏᏍᏗ – 柴羅基文" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎦᏬᏂᏏᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="柴羅基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hes%C3%B3%27x%C4%97ho%27en%C3%B3tse" title="Hesó'xėho'enótse – 沙伊安文" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Hesó'xėho'enótse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="沙伊安文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی چینی – 中庫德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی چینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中庫德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_tili" title="Çin tili – 土耳其文（克里米亞半島）" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çin tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="土耳其文（克里米亞半島）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADn%C5%A1tina" title="Čínština – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čínština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D1%A3%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Срѣдиньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – 宗教斯拉夫文" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Срѣдиньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="宗教斯拉夫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Китай чĕлхи – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Китай чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsieineeg" title="Tsieineeg – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsieineeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesisk_(sproggruppe)" title="Kinesisk (sproggruppe) – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kinesisk (sproggruppe)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="正典"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesische_Sprachen" title="Chinesische Sprachen – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chinesische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87inki" title="Çinki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çinki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Chinšćina – 下索布文" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Chinšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%A9" title="ސީނީ – 迪維西文" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސީނީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪維西文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Κινεζική γλώσσα – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κινεζική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chinese language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ina_lingvaro" title="Ĉina lingvaro – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉina lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_chino" title="Idioma chino – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma chino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_keel" title="Hiina keel – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinera" title="Txinera – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luenga_china" title="Luenga china – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Luenga china" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان چینی – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان چینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinan_kieli" title="Kiinan kieli – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiinan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_kiil" title="Hiina kiil – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hiina kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Kinesiskt mál – 法羅文" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kinesiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_chinoises" title="Langues chinoises – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues chinoises" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sineesk" title="Sineesk – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sineesk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tS%C3%ADnis" title="An tSínis – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSínis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="漢語 – 贛語" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="漢語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanng_chinwaz" title="Lanng chinwaz – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanng chinwaz" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AConais" title="Sìonais – 蘇格蘭蓋爾文" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sìonais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭蓋爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_chinesa" title="Lingua chinesa – 加利西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua chinesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="چيني زوؤن – 吉拉基文" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="چيني زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="吉拉基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Chinañe'ẽ – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chinañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tionghoa" title="Bahasa Tionghoa – 科隆達羅文" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bahasa Tionghoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="科隆達羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%83_%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐍃 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍉𐍃 – 哥德文" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐍃 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍉𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%9D_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="ચાઇનીઝ ભાષા – 古吉拉特文" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચાઇનીઝ ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87hengaghyn_Sheenagh" title="Çhengaghyn Sheenagh – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çhengaghyn Sheenagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinanci" title="Sinanci – 豪薩文" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sinanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪薩文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hon-ng%C3%AE" title="Hon-ngî – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hon-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_P%C4%81k%C4%93" title="ʻŌlelo Pākē – 夏威夷文" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Pākē" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות סיניות – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות סיניות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चीनी भाषा – 印地文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीनी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_bhasa" title="Chinese bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chinese bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineski_jezik" title="Kineski jezik – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kineski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Chinšćina – 上索布文" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Chinšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_chinwa" title="Lang chinwa – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang chinwa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnai_nyelv" title="Kínai nyelv – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kínai nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Չինարեն – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չինարեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Չինարէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չինարէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_China" title="Jaku China – 伊班文" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku China" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tionghoa" title="Bahasa Tionghoa – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Tionghoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Insik" title="Pagsasao nga Insik – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Insik" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiniana_linguo" title="Chiniana linguo – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chiniana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnverska" title="Kínverska – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kínverska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_cinese" title="Lingua cinese – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua cinese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%B4%E1%90%83%E1%93%82%E1%93%AF%E1%91%8E%E1%91%90%E1%91%A6" title="ᓴᐃᓂᓯᑎᑐᑦ – 因紐特文" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓴᐃᓂᓯᑎᑐᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因紐特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E" title="中国語 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaini_languij" title="Chaini languij – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chaini languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jugbau" title="jugbau – 邏輯文" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jugbau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="邏輯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Cina" title="Basa Cina – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Cina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ჩინური ენა – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay_tili" title="Qıtay tili – 卡拉卡爾帕克文" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qıtay tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡爾帕克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Хъутейбзэ – 卡巴爾達文" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хъутейбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴爾達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisinw%C3%A1" title="Kisinwá – 剛果文" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kisinwá" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="剛果文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_China" title="Bahasa China – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa China" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Қытай тілі – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қытай тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="ភាសាចិន – 高棉文" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាចិន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಚೀನಿ ಭಾಷೆ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೀನಿ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="중국어 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چیٖنی زبان – 喀什米爾文" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="چیٖنی زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="喀什米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_%C3%A7%C3%AEn%C3%AE" title="Zimanê çînî – 庫德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê çînî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Китай кыв – 科米文" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Китай кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinek" title="Chinek – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Chinek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Кытай тили – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кытай тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Sinicae" title="Linguae Sinicae – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Sinicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Китай маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Китай маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Китай чӀал – 列茲干文" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Китай чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列茲干文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_xines" title="Linguas xines – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas xines" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinees" title="Chinees – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Chinees" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_cineise" title="Lengua cineise – 利古里亞文" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua cineise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_cinesc" title="Lingaz cinesc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz cinesc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_cinesa" title="Lengua cinesa – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua cinesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisinwa" title="Lisinwa – 林加拉文" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lisinwa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ພາສາຈີນ – 寮文" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາຈີນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="寮文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%B3_kalba" title="Kinų kalba – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABn%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Ķīnīšu volūda – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Ķīnīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABnie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Ķīniešu valoda – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīniešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C3%A2sa_Tiongkok" title="Bhâsa Tiongkok – 馬都拉文" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bhâsa Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="馬都拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चीनी भाषा – 邁蒂利文" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="चीनी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="邁蒂利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Cina" title="Basa Cina – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Cina" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_sinoa" title="Fiteny sinoa – 馬達加斯加文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny sinoa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬達加斯加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Hainamana" title="Reo Hainamana – 毛利文" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Hainamana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Cino" title="Bahaso Cino – 米南卡堡文" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Cino" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南卡堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="卓著"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кинески јазик – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кинески јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ചൈനീസ് ഭാഷ – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചൈനീസ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Хятад хэл – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хятад хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ – 曼尼普爾文" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चिनी भाषा – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चिनी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Cina" title="Bahasa Cina – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Cina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwi_%C4%8Aini%C5%BCi" title="Lingwi Ċiniżi – 馬爾他文" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwi Ċiniżi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="馬爾他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_chinesa" title="Lhéngua chinesa – 米蘭德斯文" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhéngua chinesa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米蘭德斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="တရုတ်ဘာသာစကား – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရုတ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Китаень кель – 厄爾茲亞文" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Китаень кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄爾茲亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="چینی زوونون – 馬贊德蘭文" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چینی زوونون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="馬贊德蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chineesche_Spraken" title="Chineesche Spraken – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Chineesche Spraken" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चिनियाँ भाषा – 尼泊爾文" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिनियाँ भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चिनिया भाषा – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चिनिया भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_talen" title="Chinese talen – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chinese talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesisk" title="Kinesisk – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kinesisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesisk" title="Kinesisk – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kinesisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinum" title="Chinum – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Chinum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set%C5%A1haena" title="Setšhaena – 北索托文" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Setšhaena" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin%C3%A9s" title="Chinés – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chinés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitain_kieli" title="Kitain kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kitain kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaayiniffa" title="Chaayiniffa – 奧羅莫文" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Chaayiniffa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奧羅莫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Китайаг æвзаг – 奧塞提文" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Китайаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奧塞提文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਚੀਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੀਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chino%C3%A9s" title="Chinoés – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Chinoés" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiinese" title="Shiinese – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Shiinese" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_chi%C5%84ski" title="Język chiński – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język chiński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="چینی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چینی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="چينايي ژبه – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چينايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_chinesa" title="Língua chinesa – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua chinesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunwa_simi" title="Chunwa simi – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chunwa simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_chinez%C4%83" title="Limba chineză – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba chineză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Китайский язык – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китайский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Кітайскый язык – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кітайскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gishinwa" title="Gishinwa – 盧安達文" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Gishinwa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="盧安達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चीनीभाषा – 梵文" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चीनीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Кытай тыла – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кытай тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 桑塔利文" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_cinisa" title="Lingua cinisa – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua cinisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheenese_leid" title="Cheenese leid – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cheenese leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="چيني ٻولي – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چيني ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinn%C3%A1giella" title="Kiinnágiella – 北薩米文" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kiinnágiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北薩米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinu%C3%A4a" title="Shinuäa – 桑戈文" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Shinuäa" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="桑戈文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineski_jezik" title="Kineski jezik – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kineski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BD%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%82%84%E1%82%87" title="ၽႃႇသႃႇၶႄႇ – 撣文" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၽႃႇသႃႇၶႄႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="撣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="චීන භාෂාව – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චීන භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chinese language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADn%C5%A1tina" title="Čínština – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čínština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چینی زبان – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="چینی زبان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitaj%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Kitajščina – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kitajščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Saina" title="Faʻa Saina – 薩摩亞文" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Saina" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="薩摩亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichayina" title="Chichayina – 紹納文" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chichayina" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="紹納文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_kineze" title="Gjuha kineze – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha kineze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кинески језик – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кинески језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-china" title="Se-china – 塞索托文" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Se-china" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="塞索托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han-Chinesiske_Sproaken" title="Han-Chinesiske Sproaken – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Han-Chinesiske Sproaken" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Tionghoa" title="Basa Tionghoa – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Tionghoa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesiska" title="Kinesiska – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kinesiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kichina" title="Kichina – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kichina" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84sk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Chińskŏ gŏdka – 西利西亞文" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chińskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="சீன மொழி – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீன மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="చైనీస్ భాష – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చైనీస్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони чинӣ – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони чинӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="กลุ่มภาษาจีน – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyta%C3%BD_dili" title="Hytaý dili – 土庫曼文" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Hytaý dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土庫曼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Tsino" title="Wikang Tsino – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Tsino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cini_zyvon" title="Cini zyvon – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Cini zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Saina" title="Tok Saina – 托比辛文" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Saina" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托比辛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ince" title="Çince – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çince" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Tlu" title="Kari Tlu – 太魯閣文" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Tlu" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="太魯閣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Кытай теле – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кытай теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Tinit%C5%8D" title="Reo Tinitō – 大溪地文" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Tinitō" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="大溪地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Кыдат дыл – 圖瓦文" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Кыдат дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="圖瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Китай кыл – 烏德穆爾特文" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Китай кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="烏德穆爾特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%87%DA%86%DB%95" title="خەنزۇچە – 維吾爾文" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خەنزۇچە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="維吾爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Китайська мова – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китайська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چینی زبان – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چینی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoy_tili" title="Xitoy tili – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoy tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_cineze" title="Łéngua cineze – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua cineze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitajan_kel%27" title="Kitajan kel' – 維普森文" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kitajan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="維普森文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Tiếng Trung Quốc – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Trung Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyin" title="Tsyin – 沃拉普克文" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tsyin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinw%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Chinwès (lingaedje) – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Chinwès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsino_(yinaknan)" title="Tsino (yinaknan) – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tsino (yinaknan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汉语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ჩინური ნინა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩინური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A9" title="כינעזיש – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כינעזיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_%E1%B9%A2%C3%A1%C3%ADn%C3%A0" title="Èdè Ṣáínà – 約魯巴文" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Ṣáínà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="約魯巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahgun" title="Vahgun – 壯文" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vahgun" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ – 標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汉语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n-g%C3%AD" title="Hàn-gí – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hàn-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" title="中文 – 粵語" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粵語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiShayina" title="IsiShayina – 祖魯文" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiShayina" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖魯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7850#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="修跨語鏈" class="wbc-editpage">纂鏈</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">此頁面為<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%98%8E:%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" title="說明:校對">穩定版本</a>，<a class="external text" href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E8%AA%8C&type=review&page=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:Badtitle/Message">已檢查</a>於 <i>二〇一九年一一月一日（週五）</i>。有 <a class="external text" href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:Badtitle/Message&oldid=341534&diff=cur">二七五筆待審核的變更</a>等侯審查。<p><table id="mw-fr-revisionratings-box" class="flaggedrevs-color-1" style="margin: auto;" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="fr-text" style="vertical-align: middle;">質素</td><td class="fr-value40" style="vertical-align: middle;">尚可</td></tr></table></p></div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lzh" dir="ltr"><p><b>漢語</b>者，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢人</a>之言也。蓋<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%A4%8F" title="華夏">華夏</a>地方廣遠，山河數列，海內習用，方音殊異。以中國人多，以漢語為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="母語（查無此頁）">母語</a>者亦眾，合以十億計，普世之五一。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="音韻"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E9.9F.BB"></span>音韻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=1" title="所纂章名：音韻"><span>纂</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>漢語一字一音，一音可分為聲、韻、調。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="漢字">漢字</a>多不表音，故初用「讀若某」。後<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>東傳，得<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>而知<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="反切">反切</a>，乃用以標音。近世，創<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3" title="國語注音">注音符號</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="漢語拼音">漢語拼音</a>，以明音韻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="語法"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E6.B3.95"></span>語法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=2" title="所纂章名：語法"><span>纂</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>漢語為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孤立語（查無此頁）">孤立語</a>、或曰分析語，此謂詞彙無<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC_(%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格 (語法)（查無此頁）">格</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%8B_(%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="態 (語法)（查無此頁）">態</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="性 (語法)（查無此頁）">性</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B8_(%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="數 (語法)（查無此頁）">數</a>之變。唯示以<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="語序">語序</a>之先後及虛字之用而達意。 </p><p>語序為：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%BB%E8%AC%82%E8%B3%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="主謂賓（查無此頁）">主謂賓</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%AE%E9%A3%BE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="修飾語（查無此頁）">偏次</a>先於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中心語（查無此頁）">正次</a>。於數數，必附<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8F%E8%A9%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="量詞（查無此頁）">量詞</a>於數後。各<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="方言（查無此頁）">方言</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="語法">語法</a>略異，故白話文之行可亂文字。乃以國語語法為白話文語法。 </p><p>古者語法，同乎<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80" title="文言">文言</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span>文字</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=3" title="所纂章名：文字"><span>纂</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><small>主文：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="漢字">漢字</a></small></dd></dl></div> <p>三代以降，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="漢字">漢字</a>初成。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6" title="秦">秦</a>以書同文，必用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AF%86" title="小篆">小篆</a>，其後偶有數變，用之不更至民季，共和國立，納昔<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%A2%E7%8E%84%E5%90%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="錢玄同（查無此頁）">錢玄同</a>所倡簡字法，加以矯正，遂成今制，曰<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" title="簡化字">簡化字</a>，今<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="中國大陸">中國大陸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>行之。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>仍因舊制，書傳統漢字。 </p><p>近代西學東傳，亦有以<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>記音者，法式歧異。至共和國立，創<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="漢語拼音">拼音</a>，授之於小學。初，國人頗思廢漢字，後以同音多，拉丁文字無象形之用，遂止。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="沿革"><span id=".E6.B2.BF.E9.9D.A9"></span>沿革</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=4" title="所纂章名：沿革"><span>纂</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>三代之時，天下有國千萬，言語不通。<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8" title="周">周</a>既王，始有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅言（查無此頁）">雅言</a>。諸子著作，皆以雅言。及周道微，天下紛亂，言語異聲，文字異形。尤是楚語至不同也。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="秦始皇帝">秦始皇帝</a>混一車書，獨用秦<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AF%86" title="小篆">篆</a>，各地方言日合。然至於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B1%E6%85%8E" title="許慎">許慎</a>之世，<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E5%AD%97" title="說文解字">說文解字</a>之所錄，亦有同義而音異之字，多有「某地曰某為某」之訓。蓋天下文字雖一，而言語未統也。此<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上古音（查無此頁）">上古音</a>也。古語於語法異於今音，可見諸<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8" title="尚書">尚書</a>。 </p><p>魏晉之世，北族南面，雖<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%AD%9D%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" title="魏孝文帝">魏孝文帝</a>力主洛音，而古音已變，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A9" title="詩">詩</a>始不得押韻。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>漢胡雜合，而成唐音，為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古音（查無此頁）">中古之音</a>。於南國，衣冠之南渡，亦有吳音混於正音者。此世<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%82%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="樂府（查無此頁）">樂府</a>有吳曲、西州曲之分，蓋亦異音之故也。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E5%AE%8B" title="趙宋">宋</a>季，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>復為胡君，語音大變。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2" title="四聲">四聲</a>缺入，派為三聲。唯江南淪陷不足百年，語音未大變也。<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E" title="明">明</a>初都<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%87%89%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="應天（查無此頁）">應天</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%A8%82" title="永樂">永樂</a>間北遷，百官隨同，江左之音復入燕地。以後四百年皆都<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>，遂以為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="國語">國語</a>矣。 </p><p>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>立，以國語為<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>，舉世皆以其漢語之正音。實其正音以國語稍改而成，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">國民政府</a>遷臺，用其國語至今未廢。然分立五十年，習用亦異也。大異者，舉凡<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96%E9%9F%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兒化韻（查無此頁）">兒化韻</a>之用，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E4%BE%86%E8%A9%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外來詞（查無此頁）">外來詞</a>之源，王畿方言之不同，亦成其異也。 </p><p>於地方，雖有國語，實方言殊音甚多，惟<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="學校">學校</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B8%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="典禮（查無此頁）">典禮</a>多用正音。 </p><p>今世，以漢語為官話者，有中國、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>。隨中國國力日蓄，萬國習之者眾，以利來華遊學仕商。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="方言"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80"></span>方言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=5" title="所纂章名：方言"><span>纂</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>蓋漢語歧甚，遠者異域不相通，近者十里音不同。然文惟一，為世所稀見。 </p><p>以<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="語言學">語言學</a>分，言不通即非一語。且語法各異，故有漢語為一語族之論。漢語諸言，概分如下： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" title="官話">官話</a>，聞之中原、巴蜀、江北，滿蒙疆人亦多用之。今中國大陸之<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>、臺灣之<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中華民國國語（查無此頁）">國語</a>、南洋之<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="華語">華語</a>皆宗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北京官話（查無此頁）">北京官話</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%AB%E7%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="京師片（查無此頁）">京師片</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="吳語">吳語</a>，聞之吳越之地，昔宗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇州話（查無此頁）">蘇州話</a>，今宗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上海話（查無此頁）">上海話</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="閩語">閩語</a>，聞之閩臺之地，瓊文之民亦操之，其中分<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%A9%E5%8C%97%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="閩北語（查無此頁）">閩北</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E6%9D%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="閩東語">閩東</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" title="閩南語">閩南</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%A9%E4%B8%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="閩中語（查無此頁）">閩中</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%86%E4%BB%99%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="莆仙話">莆仙</a>，五語各不相通。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" title="粵語">粵語</a>，聞之嶺南，至於海外。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廣州話（查無此頁）">廣州話</a>為宗。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="客語">客語</a>，聞之南境，為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="客家人（查無此頁）">客家人</a>之言，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅州話（查無此頁）">梅州話</a>為宗。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AA%9E" title="湘語">湘語</a>，聞之楚南。分新老二派。<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B2%99%E8%A9%B1" title="長沙話">長沙</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E5%B3%B0%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雙峰話（查無此頁）">雙峰話</a>為宗。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="贛語">贛語</a>，聞之<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-disambig" title="江西">江西</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%98%8C%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南昌話（查無此頁）">南昌話</a>為宗。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%BD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="徽語（查無此頁）">徽語</a>，聞之皖南，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%BD%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="徽州話（查無此頁）">徽州話</a>為宗。今或以之為吳語之別種。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%89%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="晉語（查無此頁）">晉語</a>，聞之晉北、陝北、雲中等處，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太原話（查無此頁）">太原話</a>為宗。</li></ul> <p>官話復分數種，以下次第： </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東北官話（查無此頁）">東北官話</a>，聞之東北，宗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%80%8B%E9%99%BD%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瀋陽話（查無此頁）">瀋陽話</a>。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北京官話（查無此頁）">北京官話</a>，聞之北京，東北，新疆之一部，宗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北京話（查無此頁）">北京話</a>。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%B7%AE%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="江淮官話（查無此頁）">江淮官話</a>，聞之蘇中蘇北之大部，蘇南之一部及皖中，宗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8F%9A%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="揚州話（查無此頁）">揚州話</a>，以其地雜吳語，兩者相生，或謂淮語。明代以之為國語。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西南官話（查無此頁）">西南官話</a>，聞之川，桂，滇，貴，宗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成都話（查無此頁）">成都話</a>。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中原官話（查無此頁）">中原官話</a>，聞之中原，關中，魯南。各地或有別種。宗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E9%99%BD%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛陽話（查無此頁）">洛陽話</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西安話（查無此頁）">西安話</a>。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%80%E9%AD%AF%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冀魯官話（查無此頁）">冀魯官話</a>，聞之冀，魯。宗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="濟南話（查無此頁）">濟南話</a>。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E9%8A%80%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘭銀官話（查無此頁）">蘭銀官話</a>，聞之隴上，寧夏。宗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%AD%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘭州話（查無此頁）">蘭州話</a>。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%86%A0%E9%81%BC%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="膠遼官話（查無此頁）">膠遼官話</a>，聞之齊東，遼南，東北之一部。學界多宗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%99%E5%8F%B0%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="煙台話（查無此頁）">煙台話</a>。</li></ul> <p>以下諸言皆從屬不明： </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B9%B3%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廣西平話（查無此頁）">廣西平話</a>，聞之<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="廣西">廣西</a>山村，或以之為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" title="粵語">粵語</a>之別種。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B6%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%9F%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韶州土話（查無此頁）">韶州土話</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%98%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%9F%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湘南土話（查無此頁）">湘南土話</a>，聞之五嶺南北，或言二者皆近平話，或從<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%98%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%9F%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湘南土話（查無此頁）">湘南土話</a>於湘語。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E9%84%89%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦鄉話（查無此頁）">瓦鄉話</a>，聞之湘西沅水谷地，壟斷山絕，漢苗雜居，故甚異於官音，或以為湘語之別種。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="書典"><span id=".E6.9B.B8.E5.85.B8"></span>書典</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=6" title="所纂章名：書典"><span>纂</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8" title="康熙字典">康熙大字典</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E9%9F%BB" title="廣韻">廣韻</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E5%AD%97" 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