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<li id="toc-Anti-inflammatory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-inflammatory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Anti-inflammatory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-inflammatory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Cancer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>COVID-19</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surgery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surgery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Surgery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surgery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endocrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endocrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Endocrine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endocrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pregnancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pregnancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Pregnancy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pregnancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-altitude_illnesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-altitude_illnesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>High-altitude illnesses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-altitude_illnesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nausea_and_vomiting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nausea_and_vomiting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Nausea and vomiting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nausea_and_vomiting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sore_throat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sore_throat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Sore throat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sore_throat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contraindications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contraindications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contraindications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contraindications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adverse_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverse_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Adverse effects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adverse effects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Common" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Common</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unknown_frequency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unknown_frequency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Unknown frequency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unknown_frequency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Withdrawal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Withdrawal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Withdrawal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Withdrawal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Interactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pharmacology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pharmacology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pharmacodynamics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacodynamics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pharmacodynamics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacodynamics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chemistry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synthesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Synthesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spectroscopy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spectroscopy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Spectroscopy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spectroscopy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Price" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Price"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Price</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Price-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nonmedical_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nonmedical_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Nonmedical use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nonmedical_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veterinary_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veterinary_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Veterinary use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veterinary_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dexamethasone</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deksametasoon" title="Deksametasoon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Deksametasoon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="ديكساميثازون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديكساميثازون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexametasona" title="Dexametasona – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dexametasona" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="دقزامتازون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دقزامتازون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="ডেক্সামিথাসন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডেক্সামিথাসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дексаметазон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дексаметазон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexametasona" title="Dexametasona – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dexametasona" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexamethason" title="Dexamethason – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dexamethason" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decsamethason" title="Decsamethason – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Decsamethason" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexamethason" title="Dexamethason – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dexamethason" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Δεξαμεθαζόνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεξαμεθαζόνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexametasona" title="Dexametasona – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dexametasona" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexametasona" title="Dexametasona – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dexametasona" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="دگزامتازون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دگزامتازون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexam%C3%A9thasone" title="Dexaméthasone – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dexaméthasone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B1%EC%82%AC%EB%A9%94%ED%83%80%EC%86%90" title="덱사메타손 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="덱사메타손" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Դեքսամետազոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեքսամետազոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deksametason" title="Deksametason – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Deksametason" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desametasone" title="Desametasone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Desametasone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9F" title="דקסמתזון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דקסמתזון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dh%C3%A9ksam%C3%A9tason" title="Dhéksamétason – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dhéksamétason" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дексаметазон – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дексаметазон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ഡെക്സാമെഥസോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡെക്സാമെഥസോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deksametason" title="Deksametason – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Deksametason" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexamethason" title="Dexamethason – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dexamethason" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A1%E3%82%BF%E3%82%BE%E3%83%B3" title="デキサメタゾン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デキサメタゾン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deksametason" title="Deksametason – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Deksametason" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8" title="ଡେକ୍ସାମେଥାଜୋନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଡେକ୍ସାମେଥାଜୋନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deksametazon" title="Deksametazon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Deksametazon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="ډیکسامیتازون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډیکسامیتازون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deksametazon" title="Deksametazon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Deksametazon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexametasona" title="Dexametasona – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dexametasona" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дексаметазон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дексаметазон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deksametazon" title="Deksametazon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Deksametazon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deksametazon" title="Deksametazon – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Deksametazon" data-language-autonym="Српски 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dexamethasone_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Skeletal formula of dexamethasone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dexamethasone_structure.svg/220px-Dexamethasone_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dexamethasone_structure.svg/330px-Dexamethasone_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dexamethasone_structure.svg/440px-Dexamethasone_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dexamethasone_3D_ball.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ball-and-stick model of the dexamethasone molecule" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dexamethasone_3D_ball.png/220px-Dexamethasone_3D_ball.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dexamethasone_3D_ball.png/330px-Dexamethasone_3D_ball.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dexamethasone_3D_ball.png/440px-Dexamethasone_3D_ball.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Decadron, Ozurdex, Dexycu, others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="medlineplus.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682792.html">a682792</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr></small> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <span title="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy<br />category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> A<sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">By mouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">intravenous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intramuscular_injection" title="Intramuscular injection">intramuscular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcutaneous injection">subcutaneous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intraosseous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intraosseous">intraosseous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intravitreal_administration" title="Intravitreal administration">intravitreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmic_drug_administration" title="Ophthalmic drug administration">eye drop</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A01" title="ATC code A01">A01AC02</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A01AC02">WHO</a></span>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C05" title="ATC code C05">C05AA09</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C05AA09">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D07" title="ATC code D07">D07AB19</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=D07AB19">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D10" title="ATC code D10">D10AA03</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=D10AA03">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_H02" title="ATC code H02">H02AB02</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=H02AB02">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_R01" title="ATC code R01">R01AD03</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=R01AD03">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S01" title="ATC code S01">S01BA01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=S01BA01">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S02" title="ATC code S02">S02BA06</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=S02BA06">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S03" title="ATC code S03">S03BA01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=S03BA01">WHO</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr></small>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug"> ℞-only</a></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">POM</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="European Union">EU</abbr>:</small> Rx-only<sup id="cite_ref-Ozurdex_EPAR_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ozurdex_EPAR-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Neofordex_EPAR_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neofordex_EPAR-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In general: ℞ (Prescription only)</li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">80–90%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">Protein binding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">77%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">Liver</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination <span class="nowrap">half-life</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">biological half-life: 36 to 54 hours; plasma half-life: 4 to 5 hours<sup id="cite_ref-pmid31194457_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid31194457-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid31808984_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid31808984-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">Urine</a> (65%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">(8<i>S</i>,9<i>R</i>,10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>,13<i>S</i>,14<i>S</i>,16<i>R</i>,17<i>R</i>)-9-Fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-3<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[<i>a</i>]phenanthren-3-one</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=50-02-2">50-02-2</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5743">5743</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Pharmacology" title="Guide to Pharmacology">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2768">2768</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01234">DB01234</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5541.html">5541</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/7S5I7G3JQL">7S5I7G3JQL</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00292">D00292</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:41879">CHEBI:41879</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL384467">ChEMBL384467</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB ligand</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>DEX (<span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/PDBeXplore/ligand/?ligand=DEX">PDBe</a></span>, <span title="www.rcsb.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/ligand/DEX">RCSB PDB</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3020384">DTXSID3020384</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422252#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.004">100.000.004</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422252#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>22</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>29</sub><span title="Fluorine">F</span><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>5</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002392467000000000♠"></span>392.467</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3DC%28CO%29%5BC%40%5D3%28O%29%5BC%40%5D2%28C%5BC%40H%5D%28O%29%5BC%40%5D4%28F%29%5BC%40%40%5D1%28C%28%3DCC%28%3DO%29C%3DC1%29CC%5BC%40H%5D4%5BC%40%40H%5D2C%5BC%40H%5D3C%29C%29C">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">262 °C (504 °F)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O=C(CO)[C@]3(O)[C@]2(C[C@H](O)[C@]4(F)[C@@]1(C(=CC(=O)C=C1)CC[C@H]4[C@@H]2C[C@H]3C)C)C</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C22H29FO5/c1-12-8-16-15-5-4-13-9-14(25)6-7-19(13,2)21(15,23)17(26)10-20(16,3)22(12,28)18(27)11-24/h6-7,9,12,15-17,24,26,28H,4-5,8,10-11H2,1-3H3/t12-,15+,16+,17+,19+,20+,21+,22+/m1/s1<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">(what is this?)</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=443584169&page2=Dexamethasone">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dexamethasone</b> is a fluorinated <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid#Pharmacology" title="Glucocorticoid">glucocorticoid medication</a><sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> used to treat <a href="/wiki/Rheumatology" title="Rheumatology">rheumatic problems</a>, a number of <a href="/wiki/Skin_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin disease">skin diseases</a>, severe <a href="/wiki/Allergies" class="mw-redirect" title="Allergies">allergies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_lung_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic obstructive lung disease">chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</a> (COPD), <a href="/wiki/Croup" title="Croup">croup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_edema" title="Cerebral edema">brain swelling</a>, eye pain following <a href="/wiki/Eye_surgery" title="Eye surgery">eye surgery</a>, <a href="/wiki/SVC_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="SVC syndrome">superior vena cava syndrome</a> (a complication of some forms of cancer),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and along with <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Adrenocortical_insufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrenocortical insufficiency">adrenocortical insufficiency</a>, it may be used in combination with a <a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">mineralocorticoid</a> medication such as <a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone" title="Fludrocortisone">fludrocortisone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Preterm_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Preterm labor">preterm labor</a>, it may be used to improve outcomes in the baby.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may be given <a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">by mouth</a>, as an <a href="/wiki/Intramuscular_injection" title="Intramuscular injection">injection into a muscle</a>, as an <a href="/wiki/Intravenously" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenously">injection into a vein</a>, as a topical cream or ointment for the skin or as a topical ophthalmic solution to the eye.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effects of dexamethasone are frequently seen within a day and last for about three days.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The long-term use of dexamethasone may result in <a href="/wiki/Candidiasis" title="Candidiasis">thrush</a>, bone loss, <a href="/wiki/Cataract" title="Cataract">cataracts</a>, easy bruising, or muscle weakness.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is in <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">pregnancy category</a> C in the United States, meaning that it should only be used when the benefits are predicted to be greater than the risks.<sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Australia, the oral use is category A, meaning it has been frequently used in pregnancy and not been found to cause problems to the baby.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It should not be taken when <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">breastfeeding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dexamethasone has <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug" title="Immunosuppressive drug">immunosuppressant</a> effects.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dexamethasone was first synthesized in 1957 by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Philip Showalter Hench</a> and was approved for medical use in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_Approval_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_Approval-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RankovicHargreaves2012_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RankovicHargreaves2012-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fis2006_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fis2006-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is on the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO22nd_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO22nd-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, it was the 260th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>million prescriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is available as a <a href="/wiki/Generic_medication" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic medication">generic medication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dexamethasone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Dexamethasone.jpg/220px-Dexamethasone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Dexamethasone.jpg/330px-Dexamethasone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Dexamethasone.jpg/440px-Dexamethasone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Dexamethasone phosphate injection ampoules</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-inflammatory">Anti-inflammatory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Anti-inflammatory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dexamethasone_tablets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dexamethasone_tablets.jpg/220px-Dexamethasone_tablets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dexamethasone_tablets.jpg/330px-Dexamethasone_tablets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dexamethasone_tablets.jpg/440px-Dexamethasone_tablets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption>Dexamethasone tablets</figcaption></figure> <p>Dexamethasone is used to treat many <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammatory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_disease" title="Autoimmune disease">autoimmune disorders</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronchospasm" title="Bronchospasm">bronchospasm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura" class="mw-redirect" title="Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura">Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura</a>, a decrease in numbers of <a href="/wiki/Platelet" title="Platelet">platelets</a> due to an immune problem, responds to 40 mg daily for four days; it may be administered in 14-day cycles. It is unclear whether dexamethasone in this condition is significantly better than other <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">glucocorticoids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19846889_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19846889-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is also given in small amounts before and/or after some forms of <a href="/wiki/Dental_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental surgery">dental surgery</a>, such as the extraction of the <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_teeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom teeth">wisdom teeth</a>, an operation which often causes puffy, swollen cheeks.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8491244_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8491244-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dexamethasone is commonly given as a treatment for <a href="/wiki/Croup" title="Croup">croup</a> in children.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A single dose can reduce the swelling of the airway to improve breathing and reduce discomfort.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dexamethasone is sometimes injected into the heel when treating <a href="/wiki/Plantar_fasciitis" title="Plantar fasciitis">plantar fasciitis</a> or heel pain, sometimes in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_acetonide" title="Triamcinolone acetonide">triamcinolone acetonide</a>. There is no evidence that this treatment helps in the long term, however, dexamethasone may provide short term pain relief.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It may be useful to counteract <a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">allergic anaphylactic shock</a>, however this is not usually recommended by clinical guidelines.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is present in certain <a href="/wiki/Eye_drop" title="Eye drop">eye drops</a> – particularly after <a href="/wiki/Eye_surgery" title="Eye surgery">eye surgery</a> – and as a <a href="/wiki/Nasal_spray" title="Nasal spray">nasal spray</a>, and certain ear drops (can be combined with an antibiotic and an antifungal). Dexamethasone intravitreal steroid implants have been approved by the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) to treat ocular conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Diabetic_retinopathy" title="Diabetic retinopathy">diabetic macular edema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_retinal_vein_occlusion" title="Central retinal vein occlusion">central retinal vein occlusion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uveitis" title="Uveitis">uveitis</a>. However, the evidence is poor quality relating to the treatment of uveitis, with the potential side effects (<a href="/wiki/Cataract" title="Cataract">cataract</a> progression and raised <a href="/wiki/Intraocular_pressure" title="Intraocular pressure">intraocular pressure</a>) being significant, and the benefits not certainly greater than standard treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dexamethasone has also been used with antibiotics to treat acute <a href="/wiki/Endophthalmitis" title="Endophthalmitis">endophthalmitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dexamethasone is used in transvenous screw-in <a href="/wiki/Artificial_pacemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial pacemaker">cardiac pacing leads</a> to minimize the inflammatory response of the <a href="/wiki/Myocardium" class="mw-redirect" title="Myocardium">myocardium</a>. The steroid is released into the myocardium as soon as the screw is extended and can play a significant role in minimizing the acute pacing threshold due to the reduction of inflammatory response. The typical quantity present in a lead tip is less than 1.0 mg.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (June 2020)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Dexamethasone may be administered before antibiotics in cases of <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_meningitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterial meningitis">bacterial meningitis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria" title="Gram-negative bacteria">Gram-negative bacteria</a> — to which the causative agent of bacterial meningitis, <a href="/wiki/Neisseria_meningitidis" title="Neisseria meningitidis">neisseria meningitidis</a>, belongs — have highly immunogenic <a href="/wiki/Lipopolysaccharides" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipopolysaccharides">lipopolysaccharides</a> as a component of their cell membrane and trigger a strong inflammatory response. Pre-administration of dexamethasone before the administration of antibiotics act to reduce that response, thus reducing hearing loss and neurological damage.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dexamethasone_phosphate_for_injection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dexamethasone_phosphate_for_injection.jpg/220px-Dexamethasone_phosphate_for_injection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dexamethasone_phosphate_for_injection.jpg/330px-Dexamethasone_phosphate_for_injection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dexamethasone_phosphate_for_injection.jpg/440px-Dexamethasone_phosphate_for_injection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2610" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>A single ampoule of dexamethasone phosphate for injection</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancer">Cancer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cancer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People with <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> undergoing <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> are often given dexamethasone to counteract certain <a href="/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction" title="Adverse drug reaction">side effects</a> of their antitumor treatments. Dexamethasone can increase the <a href="/wiki/Antiemetic" title="Antiemetic">antiemetic</a> effect of <a href="/wiki/5-HT3_antagonist" title="5-HT3 antagonist">5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonists</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Ondansetron" title="Ondansetron">ondansetron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PMID10824073_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID10824073-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact mechanism of this interaction is not well-defined, but it has been theorized that this effect may be due to, among many other causes, inhibition of <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin" title="Prostaglandin">prostaglandin</a> synthesis, <a href="/wiki/Antiinflammatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiinflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> effects, <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppression" title="Immunosuppression">immunosuppressive</a> effects, decreased release of <a href="/wiki/Endorphins" title="Endorphins">endogenous opioids</a>, or a combination of the aforementioned.<sup id="cite_ref-PMID12437261_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID12437261-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Brain_tumor" title="Brain tumor">brain tumors</a> (primary or metastatic), dexamethasone is used to counteract the development of <a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">edema</a>, which could eventually compress other brain structures.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also given in <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord_compression" title="Spinal cord compression">cord compression</a>, where a tumor is compressing the spinal cord.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (June 2020)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Evidence on the safety and efficacy of using dexamethasone to treat malignant brain tumors is not clear.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid31346902_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid31346902-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dexamethasone is also used as a direct chemotherapeutic agent in certain <a href="/wiki/Hematological_malignancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hematological malignancy">hematological malignancies</a>, especially in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Multiple_myeloma" title="Multiple myeloma">multiple myeloma</a>, in which dexamethasone is given alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs, including most commonly with <a href="/wiki/Thalidomide" title="Thalidomide">thalidomide</a> (Thal-dex), <a href="/wiki/Lenalidomide" title="Lenalidomide">lenalidomide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bortezomib" title="Bortezomib">bortezomib</a> (Velcade, Vel-dex),<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17043025_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17043025-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a combination of <a href="/wiki/Doxorubicin" title="Doxorubicin">doxorubicin</a> (Adriamycin) and <a href="/wiki/Vincristine" title="Vincristine">vincristine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bortezomib" title="Bortezomib">bortezomib</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lenalidomide" title="Lenalidomide">lenalidomide</a>/dexamethasone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (June 2020)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19">COVID-19</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: COVID-19"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="COVID-19"></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research#Dexamethasone" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">COVID-19 drug repurposing research § Dexamethasone</a></div> <p>Dexamethasone is recommended by the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> in the UK and the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH) in the US for people with <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a> who need either <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_ventilation" title="Mechanical ventilation">mechanical ventilation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_therapy" title="Oxygen therapy">supplemental oxygen</a> (without ventilation).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Infectious_Diseases_Society_of_America" title="Infectious Diseases Society of America">Infectious Diseases Society of America</a> (IDSA) guideline panel suggests the use of glucocorticoids for people with severe COVID-19, defined as people with <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_saturation_(medicine)" title="Oxygen saturation (medicine)">SpO<sub>2</sub></a> ≤94% on room air, and those who require supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, or <a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a> (ECMO).<sup id="cite_ref-IDSA_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDSA-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IDSA recommends against the use of glucocorticoids for those with COVID-19 without hypoxemia requiring supplemental oxygen.<sup id="cite_ref-IDSA_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDSA-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) recommends systemic corticosteroids rather than no systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of people with COVID-19 (strong recommendation, based on moderate certainty evidence).<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_guidance_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_guidance-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WHO suggests not to use corticosteroids in the treatment of people with non-severe COVID-19 (conditional recommendation, based on low certainty evidence).<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_guidance_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_guidance-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> <a href="/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial" title="RECOVERY Trial">RECOVERY Trial</a> issued a press release announcing preliminary results that the drug could reduce deaths by about a third in participants on <a href="/wiki/Ventilator" title="Ventilator">ventilators</a> and by about a fifth in participants on oxygen; it did not benefit people who did not require respiratory support.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_news_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford_news-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analysis</a> of seven clinical trials of critically ill COVID-19 participants, each treated with one of three different <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroids</a> found a statistically significant reduction in death.<sup id="cite_ref-Sterne_2020_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sterne_2020-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest reduction was obtained with dexamethasone (36% compared to placebo).<sup id="cite_ref-Sterne_2020_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sterne_2020-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2020, the <a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a> (EMA) endorsed the use of dexamethasone in adults and adolescents, from twelve years of age and weighing at least 40 kilograms (88 lb), who require supplemental oxygen therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-EMA_PR_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA_PR-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dexamethasone can be taken by mouth or given as an injection or infusion (drip) into a vein.<sup id="cite_ref-EMA_PR_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA_PR-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Agency_of_Canada" title="Public Health Agency of Canada">Public Health Agency of Canada</a>'s Clinical Pharmacology Task Group recommended dexamethasone for hospitalized patients requiring mechanical ventilation.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although dexamethasone, and other glucocorticoids, reduce mortality in COVID-19 they have also been associated with an increased risk of secondary infections,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> secondary infections being a significant issue in critically ill COVID-19 patients.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mechanism of action of dexamethasone involves suppression of late-stage <a href="/wiki/Interferon_type_I" title="Interferon type I">interferon type I</a> programs in severe COVID-19 patients.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surgery">Surgery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Surgery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dexamethasone is used fairly regularly to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting, manage pain (potentially reduce the amount of pain medications needed), and to help reduce the amount of time spent in the hospital following surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is often given as a single dose during surgery by intravenous administration.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The adverse effects of taking steroids after surgery on wound healing, blood sugar levels, and in people with diabetes are not completely understood, however it is likely that dexamethasone does not increase the risk of postoperative infections.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endocrine">Endocrine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Endocrine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dexamethasone is the treatment for the very rare disorder of <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Glucocorticoid resistance">glucocorticoid resistance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8239231_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8239231-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18319312_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18319312-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Adrenal_insufficiency" title="Adrenal insufficiency">adrenal insufficiency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Addison%27s_disease" title="Addison's disease">Addison's disease</a>, dexamethasone is prescribed when the patient does not respond well to <a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">prednisone</a> or <a href="/wiki/Methylprednisolone" title="Methylprednisolone">methylprednisolone</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (June 2020)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It can be used in <a href="/wiki/Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia" title="Congenital adrenal hyperplasia">congenital adrenal hyperplasia</a> in older adolescents and adults to suppress <a href="/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormone" title="Adrenocorticotropic hormone">adrenocorticotropic hormone</a> (ACTH) production. It is typically given at night.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pregnancy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dexamethasone may be given to women at risk of delivering prematurely to promote <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system#Development" title="Respiratory system">maturation</a> of the fetus's lungs. This administration, given from one day to one week before delivery, has been associated with <a href="/wiki/Low_birth_weight" title="Low birth weight">low birth weight</a>, although not with increased rates of neonatal death.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11275014_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11275014-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dexamethasone has also been used during pregnancy as an <a href="/wiki/Off-label" class="mw-redirect" title="Off-label">off-label</a> prenatal treatment for the symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia" title="Congenital adrenal hyperplasia">congenital adrenal hyperplasia</a> (CAH) in female babies. CAH causes a variety of physical abnormalities, notably <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">ambiguous genitalia</a>. Early prenatal CAH treatment has been shown to reduce some CAH symptoms, but it does not treat the underlying <a href="/wiki/Congenital_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital disorder">congenital disorder</a>. This use is controversial: it is inadequately studied, only around one in ten of the fetuses of women treated are at risk of the condition, and serious adverse events have been documented.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Experimental use of dexamethasone in pregnancy for fetal CAH treatment was discontinued in Sweden when one in five cases had adverse events.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A small clinical trial found long-term effects on verbal working memory among the small group of children treated prenatally, but the small number of test subjects means the study cannot be considered definitive.<sup id="cite_ref-Hirvikoski_2007_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirvikoski_2007-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid21164263_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21164263-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-altitude_illnesses">High-altitude illnesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: High-altitude illnesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dexamethasone is used in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/High-altitude_cerebral_edema" title="High-altitude cerebral edema">high-altitude cerebral edema</a> (HACE), as well as <a href="/wiki/High-altitude_pulmonary_edema" title="High-altitude pulmonary edema">high-altitude pulmonary edema</a> (HAPE).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29959871_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29959871-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is commonly carried on mountain-climbing expeditions to help climbers deal with complications of <a href="/wiki/Altitude_sickness" title="Altitude sickness">altitude sickness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MedicalProblems_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MedicalProblems-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17438328_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17438328-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nausea_and_vomiting">Nausea and vomiting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nausea and vomiting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Intravenous dexamethasone is effective for prevention of nausea and vomiting in people who had surgery and whose post-operative pain was treated with long-acting spinal or epidural spinal opioids.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The combination of dexamethasone and a <a href="/wiki/5-HT3_antagonist" title="5-HT3 antagonist">5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonist</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ondansetron" title="Ondansetron">ondansetron</a> is more effective than a 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonist alone in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16670361_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16670361-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sore_throat">Sore throat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sore throat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A single dose of dexamethasone or another steroid speeds improvement of a <a href="/wiki/Sore_throat" title="Sore throat">sore throat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contraindications">Contraindications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Contraindications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Contraindication" title="Contraindication">Contraindications</a> of dexamethasone include,<sup id="cite_ref-MSR_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSR-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TGAO_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGAO-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but are not limited to: </p> <ul><li>Uncontrolled infections</li> <li>Known hypersensitivity to dexamethasone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebral_malaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebral malaria">Cerebral malaria</a></li> <li>Systemic <a href="/wiki/Fungal_infection" title="Fungal infection">fungal infection</a></li> <li>Concurrent treatment with <a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">live virus vaccines</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Smallpox_vaccine" title="Smallpox vaccine">smallpox vaccine</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Adverse effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The exact incidence of the adverse effects of dexamethasone is not available, hence estimates have been made as to the incidence of the adverse effects below based on the adverse effects of related corticosteroids and on available documentation on dexamethasone.<sup id="cite_ref-TGAO_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGAO-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TGAI_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGAI-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DM_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EMCT_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMCT-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EMCI_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMCI-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common">Common</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Common"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acne" title="Acne">Acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnesia" title="Amnesia">Amnesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_defect" title="Birth defect">Birth defect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataract" title="Cataract">Cataract</a> (in cases of long-term treatment, it occurs in about 10% of patients)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confusion" title="Confusion">Confusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyspepsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyspepsia">Dyspepsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphoria" title="Euphoria">Euphoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Headaches">Headaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiccups" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiccups">Hiccups</a> (in cases of long-term treatment, it occurs in about 11% of patients)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperglycemia" title="Hyperglycemia">Hyperglycemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">Hypertension</a></li> <li>Impaired <a href="/wiki/Skin_healing" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin healing">skin healing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wound_repair" class="mw-redirect" title="Wound repair">wound repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Increased_appetite" class="mw-redirect" title="Increased appetite">Increased appetite</a></li> <li>Increased risk of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">Insomnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irritability" title="Irritability">Irritability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaise" title="Malaise">Malaise</a></li> <li>steroid induced <a href="/wiki/Muscle_atrophy" title="Muscle atrophy">Muscle atrophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myopathy" title="Myopathy">myopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">Nausea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocular_hypertension" title="Ocular hypertension">Ocular hypertension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">Osteoporosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertigo" title="Vertigo">Vertigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">Vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_gain" title="Weight gain">Weight gain</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unknown_frequency">Unknown frequency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Unknown frequency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_distension" title="Abdominal distension">Abdominal distension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_gland" title="Adrenal gland">Adrenal suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allergic_reactions" class="mw-redirect" title="Allergic reactions">Allergic reactions</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">anaphylaxis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arterial_thrombosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Arterial thrombosis">Arterial thrombosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspergillosis" title="Aspergillosis">Aspergillosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruising" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruising">Bruising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidiasis" title="Candidiasis">Candidiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiomyopathy" title="Cardiomyopathy">Cardiomyopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleft_palate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleft palate">Cleft palate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corneal_or_scleral_thinning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corneal or scleral thinning (page does not exist)">Corneal or scleral thinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushing%27s_syndrome" title="Cushing's syndrome">Cushing's syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">Edema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Esophageal ulcer">Esophageal ulcer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_(physiology)" title="Flushing (physiology)">Facial plethora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">Glaucoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_stunting" class="mw-redirect" title="Growth stunting">Growth stunting</a> (in children)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpes_zoster" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes zoster">Herpes zoster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernatremia" title="Hypernatremia">Hypernatremia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertriglyceridemia" title="Hypertriglyceridemia">Hypertriglyceridemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocalcemia" title="Hypocalcemia">Hypocalcemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypokalemia" title="Hypokalemia">Hypokalemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intracranial_hypertension" class="mw-redirect" title="Intracranial hypertension">Intracranial hypertension</a> (long-term treatment)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukocytosis" title="Leukocytosis">Leukocytosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mania" title="Mania">Mania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucormycosis" title="Mucormycosis">Mucormycosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatitis" title="Pancreatitis">Pancreatitis</a> (inflammation of the pancreas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papilledema" title="Papilledema">Papilledema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptic ulcer">Peptic ulcer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_catabolism" title="Protein catabolism">Protein catabolism</a> (causing nitrogen depletion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_dependence" title="Psychological dependence">Psychological dependence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">Psychosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seizures" class="mw-redirect" title="Seizures">Seizures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_atrophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin atrophy">Skin atrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striae" class="mw-redirect" title="Striae">Striae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangiectasia" title="Telangiectasia">Telangiectasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thromboembolism" title="Thromboembolism">Thromboembolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venous_thrombosis" title="Venous thrombosis">Venous thrombosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebral collapse">Vertebral collapse</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Withdrawal">Withdrawal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Withdrawal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sudden withdrawal after long-term treatment with corticosteroids can lead to:<sup id="cite_ref-TGAO_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGAO-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_insufficiency" title="Adrenal insufficiency">Adrenal insufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthralgia" title="Arthralgia">Arthralgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunctivitis" title="Conjunctivitis">Conjunctivitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypotension" title="Hypotension">Hypotension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myalgia" title="Myalgia">Myalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodule_(medicine)" title="Nodule (medicine)">Nodule (medicine)</a> (painful, itchy skin condition)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinitis" title="Rhinitis">Rhinitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_loss" title="Weight loss">Weight loss</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Known drug interactions include:<sup id="cite_ref-TGAO_64-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGAO-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Inducers of hepatic microsomal enzymes such as <a href="/wiki/Barbiturates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbiturates">barbiturates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phenytoin" title="Phenytoin">phenytoin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">rifampicin</a> can reduce the <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of dexamethasone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (June 2020)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Cotreatment with oral contraceptives can increase its <a href="/wiki/Volume_of_distribution" title="Volume of distribution">volume of distribution</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (June 2020)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pharmacology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid#Pharmacology" title="Glucocorticoid">Glucocorticoid § Pharmacology</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacodynamics">Pharmacodynamics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Pharmacodynamics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a glucocorticoid, dexamethasone is an <a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">agonist</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor">glucocorticoid receptor</a> (GR).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17045197_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17045197-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is highly <a href="/wiki/Binding_selectivity" title="Binding selectivity">selective</a> for the GR over the <a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">mineralocorticoid receptor</a> (MR),<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27967238_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27967238-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in relation to this, has minimal <a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">mineralocorticoid</a> activity.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25905379_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25905379-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16178782_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16178782-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid23947590_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23947590-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Endogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Endogenous">endogenous</a> corticosteroids like <a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">cortisol</a>, which bind to and activate both the GR and the MR.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27967238_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27967238-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dexamethasone is 25 times more <a href="/wiki/Potency_(pharmacology)" title="Potency (pharmacology)">potent</a> than <a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">hydrocortisone</a> (cortisol) as a glucocorticoid.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17045197_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17045197-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Affinity_(pharmacology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Affinity (pharmacology)">affinity</a> (K<sub>i</sub>) for the GR was about 1.2<span class="nowrap"> </span>nM in one study.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17045197_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17045197-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The activation of the GR by dexamethasone results in <a href="/wiki/Dose_dependence" class="mw-redirect" title="Dose dependence">dose-dependent</a> suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93adrenal_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis">hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis</a> (HPA axis) and of production of endogenous corticosteroids by the <a href="/wiki/Adrenal_gland" title="Adrenal gland">adrenal glands</a>, thereby reducing circulating endogenous concentrations of corticosteroids like cortisol and <a href="/wiki/Corticosterone" title="Corticosterone">corticosterone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27967238_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27967238-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dexamethasone poorly penetrates the <a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier" title="Blood–brain barrier">blood–brain barrier</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> due to binding to <a href="/wiki/P-glycoprotein" title="P-glycoprotein">P-glycoprotein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27967238_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27967238-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid9787252_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9787252-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, higher doses of dexamethasone override the export capacity of P-glycoprotein and enter the brain to produce central activation of GRs.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27967238_70-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27967238-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In conjunction with the suppression of endogenous corticosteroids by dexamethasone, this results in skewed ratios of activation of peripheral versus central GRs as well as skewed ratios of activation of GRs versus MRs when compared to non-<a href="/wiki/Synthetic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic compound">synthetic</a> corticosteroids.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27967238_70-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27967238-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid9787252_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9787252-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These differences can have significant clinical relevance.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27967238_70-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27967238-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid9787252_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9787252-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dexamethasone is a <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic compound">synthetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Pregnane" title="Pregnane">pregnane</a> <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_derivative" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical derivative">derivative</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">cortisol</a> (hydrocortisone) and is also known as 1-dehydro-9α-fluoro-16α-methylhydrocortisone or as 9α-fluoro-11β,17α,21-trihydroxy-16α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione.<sup id="cite_ref-Elks2014_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elks2014-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2000_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2000-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Molecular_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular structure">molecular</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">crystal structure</a> of dexamethasone has been determined by <a href="/wiki/X-ray_crystallography" title="X-ray crystallography">X-ray crystallography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Stereoisomerism" title="Stereoisomerism">stereoisomer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">betamethasone</a>, the two compounds differing only in the spatial configuration of the <a href="/wiki/Methyl_group" title="Methyl group">methyl group</a> at position 16 (see <a href="/wiki/Steroid#Nomenclature" title="Steroid">steroid nomenclature</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synthesis">Synthesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Synthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To synthesize dexamethasone, 16β-methylprednisolone acetate is <a href="/wiki/Dehydration_reaction" title="Dehydration reaction">dehydrated</a> to the 9,11-dehydro <a href="/wiki/Derivative_(chemistry)" title="Derivative (chemistry)">derivative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is then reacted with a source of <a href="/wiki/Hypobromite" title="Hypobromite">hypobromite</a>, such as basic <a href="/wiki/N-Bromosuccinimide" title="N-Bromosuccinimide"><i>N</i>-bromosuccinimide</a>, to form the 9α-bromo-11β-hydrin derivative, which is then ring-closed to an epoxide. A ring-opening reaction with <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">hydrogen fluoride</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrofuran" title="Tetrahydrofuran">tetrahydrofuran</a> gives dexamethasone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dexamethasone_synth.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dexamethasone_synth.png/700px-Dexamethasone_synth.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dexamethasone_synth.png/1050px-Dexamethasone_synth.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dexamethasone_synth.png/1400px-Dexamethasone_synth.png 2x" data-file-width="3751" data-file-height="935" /></a><figcaption>Dexamethasone synthesis</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spectroscopy">Spectroscopy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Spectroscopy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In chemistry, <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopy</a> is used to analyze products of reactions. In order to understand if dexamethasone is synthesized from reaction, spectroscopy must be taken and compared to the literature spectrum. There are multiple spectroscopy analyses that can be taken including <a href="/wiki/Proton_nuclear_magnetic_resonance" title="Proton nuclear magnetic resonance"><sup>1</sup>H NMR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon-13_nuclear_magnetic_resonance" title="Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance"><sup>13</sup>C NMR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy" title="Infrared spectroscopy">IR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometry" title="Mass spectrometry">Mass spectrometry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet%E2%80%93visible_spectroscopy" title="Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy">UV/vis spectroscopy.</a></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerycaption">NMR spectrum for dexamethasone</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 405px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 400px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1H_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1H NMR for Dexamethasone [81]"><img alt="1H NMR for Dexamethasone [81]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1H_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png/400px-1H_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1H_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png/600px-1H_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1H_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png/800px-1H_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png 2x" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1H NMR for Dexamethasone <sup id="cite_ref-:4_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 405px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 400px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:13C_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png" class="mw-file-description" title="13C NMR for Dexamethasone [81]"><img alt="13C NMR for Dexamethasone [81]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/13C_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png/400px-13C_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/13C_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png/600px-13C_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/13C_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png/800px-13C_NMR_for_Dexamethasone.png 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="742" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>13C NMR for Dexamethasone <sup id="cite_ref-:4_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b></div> </li> </ul><p>The NMR spectrum shown above can be used to compare to product synthesized through reactions to figure out if Dexamethasone was synthesized. 1H NMR, among other things, shows that there are 29 hydrogens and 13C NMR shows that there are 22 carbons. </p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 380px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Infrared_spectroscopy_of_Dexamethasone.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Infrared spectroscopy of Dexamethasone [82]"><img alt="Infrared spectroscopy of Dexamethasone [82]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Infrared_spectroscopy_of_Dexamethasone.png/400px-Infrared_spectroscopy_of_Dexamethasone.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Infrared_spectroscopy_of_Dexamethasone.png/600px-Infrared_spectroscopy_of_Dexamethasone.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Infrared_spectroscopy_of_Dexamethasone.png 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Infrared spectroscopy of Dexamethasone <sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 380px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UV-vis_spectroscopy_of_Dexamethasone.png" class="mw-file-description" title="UV-vis spectroscopy of Dexamethasone [83]"><img alt="UV-vis spectroscopy of Dexamethasone [83]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UV-vis_spectroscopy_of_Dexamethasone.png/301px-UV-vis_spectroscopy_of_Dexamethasone.png" decoding="async" width="301" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UV-vis_spectroscopy_of_Dexamethasone.png/452px-UV-vis_spectroscopy_of_Dexamethasone.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/UV-vis_spectroscopy_of_Dexamethasone.png 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="658" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>UV-vis spectroscopy of Dexamethasone <sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b></div> </li> </ul> <p>Using IR spectroscopy, the peaks show the functional groups found in the molecule. You can see peaks at 3472, 1662, and 1618 representing alcohol, aldehyde, and alkene functional groups. UV-vis spectroscopy is another way to analyze a product to figure out what it is. </p><p>Finally, mass spectroscopy showed peaks at: 393.1, 355.2 147.1 m/z. The peak at 393.1 m/z is the peak for dexamethasone as its molecular weight is 392.46 m/z. <sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dexamethasone was first <a href="/wiki/Chemical_synthesis" title="Chemical synthesis">synthesized</a> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Philip Showalter Hench</a> in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-targetcivils_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-targetcivils-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RankovicHargreaves2012_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RankovicHargreaves2012-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was introduced for medical use in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16178782_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16178782-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial" title="RECOVERY Trial">RECOVERY Trial</a> announced preliminary results stating that dexamethasone improves survival rates of hospitalized patients with <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a> receiving oxygen or on a <a href="/wiki/Ventilator" title="Ventilator">ventilator</a>. Benefits were only observed in patients requiring respiratory support; those who did not require breathing support saw a worse survival rate than the control group, although the difference may have been due to chance.<sup id="cite_ref-gnpi_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnpi-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A preprint containing the full dataset was published on 22 June 2020, and demand for dexamethasone surged after publication of the preprint.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preliminary report was published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine">The New England Journal of Medicine</a></i> on 18 July 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-NEJM-17July20_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEJM-17July20-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final report was published in February 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) states that dexamethasone should be reserved for seriously ill and critical patients receiving COVID-19 treatment in a hospital setting,<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_17Jun20_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters_17Jun20-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the WHO Director-General stated that "WHO emphasizes that dexamethasone should only be used for patients with severe or critical disease, under close clinical supervision. There is no evidence this drug works for patients with mild disease or as a preventative measure, and it could cause harm."<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_DG_22_June_2020_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_DG_22_June_2020-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2020, the WHO stated they were in the process of updating treatment guidelines to include dexamethasone or other steroids.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2020, the WHO released updated guidance on using corticosteroids for COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_guidance_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_guidance-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2020, the <a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a> (EMA) started reviewing results from the RECOVERY study arm that involved the use of dexamethasone in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital to provide an opinion on the results and in particular the potential use of dexamethasone for the treatment of adults with COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-EMA_review_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA_review-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2020, the EMA received an application for marketing authorization of dexamethasone for COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Price">Price</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Price"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dexamethasone is inexpensive.<sup id="cite_ref-WHODex_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHODex-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States a month of medication is typically priced less than <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$25</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, a course of treatment for preterm labor is about <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$0.50</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHODex_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHODex-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drug is available in most areas of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-WHODex_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHODex-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nonmedical_use">Nonmedical use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Nonmedical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dexamethasone is given in <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Bangladesh#Child_prostitution" title="Prostitution in Bangladesh">legal Bangladesh brothels to prostitutes not yet of legal age</a>, causing weight gain aimed at making them appear older and healthier to customers and police.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_2010-05-30_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_2010-05-30-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dexamethasone and most <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">glucocorticoids</a> are banned by sporting bodies including the <a href="/wiki/World_Anti-Doping_Agency" title="World Anti-Doping Agency">World Anti-Doping Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veterinary_use">Veterinary use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Veterinary use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Combined with <a href="/wiki/Marbofloxacin" title="Marbofloxacin">marbofloxacin</a> <a href="/wiki/CAS_number" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS number">CAS number</a> 115550-35-1and <a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">clotrimazole</a>, dexamethasone is available under the name Aurizon, <a href="/wiki/CAS_number" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS number">CAS number</a> 50-02-2, and used to treat difficult ear infections, especially in dogs. It can also be combined with <a href="/wiki/Trichlormethiazide" title="Trichlormethiazide">trichlormethiazide</a> to treat horses with swelling of <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Proximal_and_distal" title="Anatomical terms of location">distal</a> limbs and general <a href="/wiki/Bruising" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruising">bruising</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wedgewood_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wedgewood-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexamethasone&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dexamethasone.html">"Dexamethasone Use During Pregnancy"</a>. <i>Drugs.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160517153059/http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dexamethasone.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2016</span>. <q>Dexamethasone is only recommended for use during pregnancy when there are no alternatives and benefit outweighs risk.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drugs.com&rft.atitle=Dexamethasone+Use+During+Pregnancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fpregnancy%2Fdexamethasone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADexamethasone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/dexamethasone-juno-juno-pharmaceuticals-pty-ltd">"Dexamethasone Juno (Juno Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Aged_Care" title="Department of Health and Aged Care">Department of Health and Aged Care</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318025927/https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/dexamethasone-juno-juno-pharmaceuticals-pty-ltd">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Health+and+Aged+Care&rft.atitle=Dexamethasone+Juno+%28Juno+Pharmaceuticals+Pty+Ltd%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tga.gov.au%2Fresources%2Fprescription-medicines-registrations%2Fdexamethasone-juno-juno-pharmaceuticals-pty-ltd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADexamethasone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4b204f44-6e8a-4d17-803c-268f0b04679f">"Ozurdex- dexamethasone implant"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. 30 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327232705/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4b204f44-6e8a-4d17-803c-268f0b04679f">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Ozurdex-+dexamethasone+implant&rft.date=2020-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3D4b204f44-6e8a-4d17-803c-268f0b04679f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADexamethasone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6bdcefbe-51e3-4ca4-afda-5aeca7b6fa73">"Dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution/ drops"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. 31 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220127213839/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6bdcefbe-51e3-4ca4-afda-5aeca7b6fa73">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Dexamethasone+sodium+phosphate+solution%2F+drops&rft.date=2020-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3D6bdcefbe-51e3-4ca4-afda-5aeca7b6fa73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADexamethasone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=583d70ed-bc42-465b-983d-c770db58406f">"Dexycu- dexamethasone injection, suspension"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. 20 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327234559/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=583d70ed-bc42-465b-983d-c770db58406f">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Dexycu-+dexamethasone+injection%2C+suspension&rft.date=2021-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3D583d70ed-bc42-465b-983d-c770db58406f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADexamethasone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ozurdex_EPAR-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ozurdex_EPAR_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ozurdex">"Ozurdex EPAR"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a> (EMA)</i>. 17 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027062744/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ozurdex">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Medicines+Agency+%28EMA%29&rft.atitle=Ozurdex+EPAR&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fmedicines%2Fhuman%2FEPAR%2Fozurdex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADexamethasone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neofordex_EPAR-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Neofordex_EPAR_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241007224603/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/neofordex">"Neofordex EPAR"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a> (EMA)</i>. 25 July 2014. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dexamethasone&rft.pub=The+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fmonograph%2Fdexamethasone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADexamethasone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2017" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson IB (13 July 2017). <i>Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>Drugs which have been taken by a large number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age without any proven increase in the frequency of malformations or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the fetus having been observed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Government&rft.atitle=Prescribing+medicines+in+pregnancy+database&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tga.gov.au%2Fhp%2Fmedicines-pregnancy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADexamethasone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDA_Approval-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDA_Approval_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=011664">"Drugs@FDA: Dexamethasone"</a>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171130231459/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=011664">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2020</span>. <q>Recommendation 4. Among hospitalized people with severe* COVID-19, the IDSA guideline panel suggests glucocorticoids rather than no glucocorticoids. (Conditional recommendation, Moderate certainty of evidence)<br />Remark: Dexamethasone 6 mg IV or PO for 10 days (or until discharge if earlier) or equivalent glucocorticoid dose may be substituted if dexamethasone unavailable. Equivalent total daily doses of alternative glucocorticoids to dexamethasone 6 mg daily are methylprednisolone 32 mg and prednisone 40 mg.<br />Recommendation 5. Among hospitalized people with COVID-19 without hypoxemia requiring supplemental oxygen, the IDSA guideline panel suggests against the use of glucocorticoids. 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Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-ema-dexamethasone-idUSKCN24P1KH">"EMA to review results from study testing common steroid drug against COVID-19"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 24 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727203429/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-ema-dexamethasone-idUSKCN24P1KH">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone" title="Cortisone">Cortisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone_acetate" title="Cortisone acetate">Cortisone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortodoxone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cortodoxone">Cortodoxone (cortexolone, 11-deoxycortisol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desoxycortone" class="mw-redirect" title="Desoxycortone">Desoxycortone (deoxycortone, cortexone, 11-deoxycorticosterone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Desoxycortone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Desoxycortone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">Hydrocortisone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">cortisol</a>)<sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Hydrocortisone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Hydrocortisone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone_aceponate" title="Hydrocortisone aceponate">Hydrocortisone aceponate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prebediolone_acetate" title="Prebediolone acetate">Prebediolone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_acetate" title="Pregnenolone acetate">Pregnenolone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_succinate" title="Pregnenolone succinate">Pregnenolone succinate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic compound">Synthetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Cortisol-like and related (16-unsubstituted):</i> <a href="/wiki/Chloroprednisone" title="Chloroprednisone">Chloroprednisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloprednol" title="Cloprednol">Cloprednol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difluprednate" title="Difluprednate">Difluprednate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone" title="Fludrocortisone">Fludrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugestone_acetate" title="Flugestone acetate">Flugestone acetate (flurogestone acetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinolone" title="Fluocinolone">Fluocinolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone" title="Fluorometholone">Fluorometholone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone_acetate" title="Fluorometholone acetate">Fluorometholone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluperolone" title="Fluperolone">Fluperolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluperolone_acetate" title="Fluperolone acetate">Fluperolone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluprednisolone" title="Fluprednisolone">Fluprednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Fluprednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Fluprednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loteprednol" title="Loteprednol">Loteprednol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loteprednol/tobramycin" title="Loteprednol/tobramycin">+tobramycin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medrysone" title="Medrysone">Medrysone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylprednisolone" title="Methylprednisolone">Methylprednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Methylprednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Methylprednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylprednisolone_aceponate" title="Methylprednisolone aceponate">Methylprednisolone aceponate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednicarbate" title="Prednicarbate">Prednicarbate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">Prednisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixocortol" title="Tixocortol">Tixocortol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tixocortol_pivalate" title="Tixocortol pivalate">Tixocortol pivalate</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Methasones and related (16-substituted):</i> <a href="/wiki/Alclometasone" title="Alclometasone">Alclometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone" title="Beclometasone">Beclometasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Beclometasone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Beclometasone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Betamethasone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Betamethasone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasol" title="Clobetasol">Clobetasol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasol_propionate" title="Clobetasol propionate">Clobetasol propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasone" title="Clobetasone">Clobetasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clocortolone" title="Clocortolone">Clocortolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Clocortolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Clocortolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortivazol" title="Cortivazol">Cortivazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desoximetasone" title="Desoximetasone">Desoximetasone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dexamethasone</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Dexamethasone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Dexamethasone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflorasone" title="Diflorasone">Diflorasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflucortolone" title="Diflucortolone">Diflucortolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diflucortolone_valerate" title="Diflucortolone valerate">Diflucortolone valerate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluclorolone" title="Fluclorolone">Fluclorolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumetasone" title="Flumetasone">Flumetasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocortin" title="Fluocortin">Fluocortin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocortolone" title="Fluocortolone">Fluocortolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Fluocortolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Fluocortolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluprednidene_acetate" title="Fluprednidene acetate">Fluprednidene acetate</a></li> <li>Fluticasone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_furoate" title="Fluticasone furoate">Fluticasone furoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_propionate" title="Fluticasone propionate">Fluticasone propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halometasone" title="Halometasone">Halometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meprednisone" title="Meprednisone">Meprednisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone" title="Mometasone">Mometasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone_furoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mometasone furoate">Mometasone furoate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramethasone" title="Paramethasone">Paramethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednylidene" title="Prednylidene">Prednylidene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimexolone" title="Rimexolone">Rimexolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone" title="Triamcinolone">Triamcinolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulobetasol" title="Ulobetasol">Ulobetasol (halobetasol)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Cyclic ketals (16,17-cyclized):</i> <a href="/wiki/Amcinonide" title="Amcinonide">Amcinonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclesonide" title="Ciclesonide">Ciclesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflazacort" title="Deflazacort">Deflazacort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desonide" title="Desonide">Desonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluclorolone_acetonide" title="Fluclorolone acetonide">Fluclorolone acetonide (flucloronide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludroxycortide" title="Fludroxycortide">Fludroxycortide (flurandrenolone, flurandrenolide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunisolide" title="Flunisolide">Flunisolide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinolone_acetonide" title="Fluocinolone acetonide">Fluocinolone acetonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinonide" title="Fluocinonide">Fluocinonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formocortal" title="Formocortal">Formocortal (fluoroformylone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcinonide" title="Halcinonide">Halcinonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_acetonide" title="Triamcinolone acetonide">Triamcinolone acetonide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Triamcinolone_acetonide_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Triamcinolone acetonide esters</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Antiglucocorticoid" title="Antiglucocorticoid">Antiglucocorticoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Aglepristone" title="Aglepristone">Aglepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulipristal_acetate" title="Ulipristal acetate">Ulipristal acetate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Steroidogenesis_modulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Steroidogenesis modulator">Synthesis modifiers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetoxolone" title="Acetoxolone">Acetoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoglutethimide" title="Aminoglutethimide">Aminoglutethimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbenoxolone" title="Carbenoxolone">Carbenoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoxolone" title="Enoxolone">Enoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metyrapone" title="Metyrapone">Metyrapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitotane" title="Mitotane">Mitotane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilostane" title="Trilostane">Trilostane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Glucocorticoid receptor modulators">Glucocorticoid receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mineralocorticoids_and_antimineralocorticoids" title="Template:Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids">Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroids" title="List of corticosteroids">List of corticosteroids</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Decongestants_and_other_nasal_preparations_(R01)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nasal_preparations" title="Template:Nasal preparations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nasal_preparations" title="Template talk:Nasal preparations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nasal_preparations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nasal preparations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Decongestants_and_other_nasal_preparations_(R01)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Decongestant" title="Decongestant">Decongestants</a> and other nasal preparations (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_R01" title="ATC code R01">R01</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Topical_decongestant" title="Topical decongestant">Topical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sympathomimetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathomimetic">Sympathomimetics</a>, plain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amidephrine" title="Amidephrine">Amidephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentamine" title="Cyclopentamine">Cyclopentamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">Epinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenoxazoline" title="Fenoxazoline">Fenoxazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iproheptine" title="Iproheptine">Iproheptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Levomethamphetamine">Levmetamfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylephedrine" title="Methylephedrine">Methylephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metizoline" title="Metizoline">Metizoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphazoline" title="Naphazoline">Naphazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymetazoline" title="Oxymetazoline">Oxymetazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylephrine" title="Phenylephrine">Phenylephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylhexedrine" title="Propylhexedrine">Propylhexedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetryzoline" title="Tetryzoline">Tetryzoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramazoline" title="Tramazoline">Tramazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuaminoheptane" title="Tuaminoheptane">Tuaminoheptane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tymazoline" title="Tymazoline">Tymazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylometazoline" title="Xylometazoline">Xylometazoline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Allergen" title="Allergen">Antiallergic</a> agents,<br />excluding corticosteroids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spaglumic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaglumic acid">Spaglumic acid</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Histamine_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Histamine antagonist">histamine antagonists</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Levocabastine" title="Levocabastine">Levocabastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antazoline" title="Antazoline">Antazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonzylamine" title="Thonzylamine">Thonzylamine</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mast_cell_stabilizer" title="Mast cell stabilizer">mast cell stabilizer (some are also antihistamines)</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cromoglicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cromoglicate">Cromoglicic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedocromil" title="Nedocromil">Nedocromil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azelastine" title="Azelastine">Azelastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olopatadine" title="Olopatadine">Olopatadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodoxamide" title="Lodoxamide">Lodoxamide</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">Corticosteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone_dipropionate" class="mw-redirect" title="Beclometasone dipropionate">Beclometasone dipropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclesonide" title="Ciclesonide">Ciclesonide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunisolide" title="Flunisolide">Flunisolide</a></li> <li>Fluticasone (<a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_furoate" title="Fluticasone furoate">Fluticasone furoate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_propionate" title="Fluticasone propionate">Fluticasone propionate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone_furoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mometasone furoate">Mometasone furoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixocortol" title="Tixocortol">Tixocortol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone" title="Triamcinolone">Triamcinolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_acetonide" title="Triamcinolone acetonide">Triamcinolone acetonide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other nasal preparations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cafaminol" title="Cafaminol">Cafaminol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_hexamine_thiocyanate" title="Calcium hexamine thiocyanate">Calcium hexamine thiocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_oil" title="Eucalyptus oil">Eucalyptus oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framycetin" class="mw-redirect" title="Framycetin">Framycetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexamidine" title="Hexamidine">Hexamidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaluronan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaluronan">Hyaluronan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide" title="Ipratropium bromide">Ipratropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mupirocin" title="Mupirocin">Mupirocin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol">Retinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritiometan" title="Ritiometan">Ritiometan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saline_(medicine)" title="Saline (medicine)">Saline water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combination products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olopatadine/mometasone" title="Olopatadine/mometasone">Olopatadine/mometasone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systemic use:<br /><a href="/wiki/Sympathomimetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathomimetic">Sympathomimetics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylephrine" title="Phenylephrine">Phenylephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpropanolamine" title="Phenylpropanolamine">Phenylpropanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoephedrine" title="Pseudoephedrine">Pseudoephedrine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azatadine/pseudoephedrine" title="Azatadine/pseudoephedrine">+azatadine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbinoxamine/pseudoephedrine" title="Carbinoxamine/pseudoephedrine">+carbinoxamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cetirizine/pseudoephedrine" title="Cetirizine/pseudoephedrine">+cetirizine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dexbrompheniramine/pseudoephedrine" title="Dexbrompheniramine/pseudoephedrine">+dexbrompheniramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine" title="Fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine">+fexofenadine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudoephedrine/loratadine" title="Pseudoephedrine/loratadine">+loratadine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naproxen/pseudoephedrine" title="Naproxen/pseudoephedrine">+naproxen</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Appetite_stimulants_(A15)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Appetite_stimulants" title="Template:Appetite stimulants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Appetite_stimulants" title="Template talk:Appetite stimulants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Appetite_stimulants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Appetite stimulants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Appetite_stimulants_(A15)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Appetite_stimulant" title="Appetite stimulant">Appetite stimulants</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A15" title="ATC code A15">A15</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exogeny" title="Exogeny">Exogenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonidine" title="Clonidine">Clonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproheptadine" title="Cyproheptadine">Cyproheptadine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">Dronabinol/Tetrahydrocannabinol</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">Cannabis</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Medroxyprogesterone acetate">Medroxyprogesterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megestrol_acetate" title="Megestrol acetate">Megestrol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">Mirtazapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabilone" title="Nabilone">Nabilone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandrolone" title="Nandrolone">Nandrolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">Olanzapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">Omega-3 fatty acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxandrolone" title="Oxandrolone">Oxandrolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentoxifylline" title="Pentoxifylline">Pentoxifylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">Prednisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone_(medication)" title="Testosterone (medication)">Testosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalidomide" title="Thalidomide">Thalidomide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endogeny_(biology)" title="Endogeny (biology)">Endogenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormone" title="Adrenocorticotropic hormone">ACTH/Corticotropin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adiponectin" title="Adiponectin">Adiponectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agouti-related_peptide" title="Agouti-related peptide">Agouti-related peptide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Cortisol/Hydrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone" title="Cortisone">Cortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghrelin" title="Ghrelin">Ghrelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanin-concentrating_hormone" title="Melanin-concentrating hormone">Melanin-concentrating hormone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">Melatonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropeptide_Y" title="Neuropeptide Y">Neuropeptide Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orexin" title="Orexin">Orexin/Hypocretin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drugs_used_for_diseases_of_the_ear_(S02)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Otologicals" title="Template:Otologicals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Otologicals" title="Template talk:Otologicals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Otologicals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Otologicals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drugs_used_for_diseases_of_the_ear_(S02)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Drugs used for diseases of the <a href="/wiki/Human_ear" class="mw-redirect" title="Human ear">ear</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S02" title="ATC code S02">S02</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">Infection</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">Acetic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_acetotartrate" title="Aluminium acetotartrate">Aluminium acetotartrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_triacetate" title="Aluminium triacetate">Aluminium triacetate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burow%27s_solution" title="Burow's solution">Burow's solution</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boric_acid" title="Boric acid">Boric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloramphenicol" title="Chloramphenicol">Chloramphenicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorhexidine" title="Chlorhexidine">Chlorhexidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciprofloxacin" title="Ciprofloxacin">Ciprofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clioquinol" title="Clioquinol">Clioquinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentamicin" title="Gentamicin">Gentamicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">Miconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomycin" title="Neomycin">Neomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrofurazone" title="Nitrofurazone">Nitrofurazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofloxacin" title="Ofloxacin">Ofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymyxin_B" title="Polymyxin B">Polymyxin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifamycin" title="Rifamycin">Rifamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline" title="Tetracycline">Tetracycline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">Corticosteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinolone_acetonide" title="Fluocinolone acetonide">Fluocinolone acetonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">Hydrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic">Analgesics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anesthetic" title="Anesthetic">anesthetics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">Lidocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazone" title="Phenazone">Phenazone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stomatological_preparations_(A01)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stomatological_preparations" title="Template:Stomatological preparations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stomatological_preparations" title="Template talk:Stomatological preparations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stomatological_preparations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stomatological preparations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stomatological_preparations_(A01)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stomatological" class="mw-redirect" title="Stomatological">Stomatological</a> preparations (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A01" title="ATC code A01">A01</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caries" class="mw-redirect" title="Caries">Caries</a> <a href="/wiki/Prophylaxis" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophylaxis">prophylaxis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dectaflur" title="Dectaflur">Dectaflur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaflur" title="Olaflur">Olaflur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_fluoride" title="Sodium fluoride">Sodium fluoride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_monofluorophosphate" title="Sodium monofluorophosphate">Sodium monofluorophosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin(II)_fluoride" title="Tin(II) fluoride">Stannous fluoride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">Infection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antiseptic" title="Antiseptic">antiseptics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphotericin_B" title="Amphotericin B">Amphotericin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzoxonium_chloride" title="Benzoxonium chloride">Benzoxonium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorhexidine_gluconate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorhexidine gluconate">Chlorhexidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlortetracycline" title="Chlortetracycline">Chlortetracycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetylpyridinium_chloride" title="Cetylpyridinium chloride">Cetylpyridinium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domiphen_bromide" title="Domiphen bromide">Domiphen bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxycycline" title="Doxycycline">Doxycycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenol" title="Eugenol">Eugenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexetidine" title="Hexetidine">Hexetidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepartricin" title="Mepartricin">Mepartricin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metronidazole" title="Metronidazole">Metronidazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">Miconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minocycline" title="Minocycline">Minocycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natamycin" title="Natamycin">Natamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomycin" title="Neomycin">Neomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyquinoline" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxyquinoline">Oxyquinoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynoxylin" title="Polynoxylin">Polynoxylin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_perborate" title="Sodium perborate">Sodium perborate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline" title="Tetracycline">Tetracycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibezonium_iodide" title="Tibezonium iodide">Tibezonium iodide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">Corticosteroids</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Glucocorticoids</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Hydrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone" title="Triamcinolone">Triamcinolone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amlexanox" title="Amlexanox">Amlexanox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Acetylsalicylic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becaplermin" title="Becaplermin">Becaplermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzydamine" title="Benzydamine">Benzydamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">Epinephrine</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adrenalone" title="Adrenalone">Adrenalone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vasoprotectives_(C05)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vasoprotectives" title="Template:Vasoprotectives"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vasoprotectives" title="Template talk:Vasoprotectives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vasoprotectives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vasoprotectives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vasoprotectives_(C05)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vasoprotective" title="Vasoprotective">Vasoprotectives</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C05" title="ATC code C05">C05</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemorrhoid" title="Hemorrhoid">Antihemorrhoidals</a> for topical use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroids</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Hydrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone" title="Fluorometholone">Fluorometholone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocortolone" title="Fluocortolone">Fluocortolone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinolone_acetonide" title="Fluocinolone acetonide">Fluocinolone acetonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinonide" title="Fluocinonide">Fluocinonide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Local_anesthetic" title="Local anesthetic">local anesthetics</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">Lidocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracaine" title="Tetracaine">Tetracaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzocaine" title="Benzocaine">Benzocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinchocaine" title="Cinchocaine">Dibucaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procaine" title="Procaine">Procaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxetacaine" title="Oxetacaine">Oxetacaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramocaine" title="Pramocaine">Pramocaine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i>other</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribenoside" title="Tribenoside">Tribenoside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antivaricose" class="mw-redirect" title="Antivaricose">Antivaricose</a> therapy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Heparin" title="Heparin">heparins</a> or <a href="/wiki/Heparinoid" title="Heparinoid">heparinoids</a> for topical use</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heparinoid" title="Heparinoid">Organo-heparinoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_apolate" title="Sodium apolate">Sodium apolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin" title="Heparin">Heparin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentosan_polysulfate" title="Pentosan polysulfate">Pentosan polysulfate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i>sclerosing agents for local injection</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monoethanolamine_oleate" title="Monoethanolamine oleate">Monoethanolamine oleate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polidocanol" title="Polidocanol">Polidocanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_sugar_syrup" title="Inverted sugar syrup">Inverted sugar syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_tetradecyl_sulfate" title="Sodium tetradecyl sulfate">Sodium tetradecyl sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">Phenol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i>other</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_dobesilate" title="Calcium dobesilate">Calcium dobesilate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capillary stabilising agents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">bioflavonoids</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rutin" title="Rutin">Rutoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoxerutin" title="Monoxerutin">Monoxerutin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosmin" title="Diosmin">Diosmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troxerutin" title="Troxerutin">Troxerutin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrosmin" title="Hidrosmin">Hidrosmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i>other</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribenoside" title="Tribenoside">Tribenoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etamsylate" title="Etamsylate">Etamsylate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pharmacodynamics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background:#ccccff"><div id="Pharmacodynamics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacodynamics" title="Pharmacodynamics">Pharmacodynamics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Glucocorticoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Glucocorticoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Glucocorticoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor">Glucocorticoid receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor"><abbr title="Glucocorticoid receptor">GR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Glucocorticoid receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Cortisol-like and related (16-unsubstituted):</i> <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocorticosterone" title="Tetrahydrocorticosterone">3α,5α-Tetrahydrocorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydrocorticosterone" title="5α-Dihydrocorticosterone">5α-Dihydrocorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9%CE%B1-Fluorocortisone" title="9α-Fluorocortisone">9α-Fluorocortisone (alfluorone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Dehydrocorticosterone" title="11-Dehydrocorticosterone">11-Dehydrocorticosterone (11-oxocorticosterone, 17-deoxycortisone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11-Dehydrocorticosterone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11-Dehydrocorticosterone acetate (page does not exist)">11-Dehydrocorticosterone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone" title="11-Deoxycorticosterone">11-Deoxycorticosterone (desoxycortone, deoxycortone, desoxycorticosterone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Desoxycortone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Desoxycortone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycortisol" title="11-Deoxycortisol">11-Deoxycortisol (cortodoxone, cortexolone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortifen" title="Cortifen">Cortifen (cortiphen, kortifen)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortodoxone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cortodoxone acetate (page does not exist)">Cortodoxone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21-Deoxycortisol" title="21-Deoxycortisol">21-Deoxycortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%947-Prednisolone" title="Δ7-Prednisolone">Δ<sup>7</sup>-Prednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%947-Prednisolone_21-acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Δ7-Prednisolone 21-acetate (page does not exist)">Δ<sup>7</sup>-Prednisolone 21-acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amebucort" title="Amebucort">Amebucort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroprednisone" title="Chloroprednisone">Chloroprednisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloroprednisone_acetate" title="Chloroprednisone acetate">Chloroprednisone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloprednol" title="Cloprednol">Cloprednol</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloprednol_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cloprednol acetate (page does not exist)">Cloprednol acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosterone" title="Corticosterone">Corticosterone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corticosterone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corticosterone acetate (page does not exist)">Corticosterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corticosterone_benzoate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corticosterone benzoate (page does not exist)">Corticosterone benzoate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Cortisol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">hydrocortisone</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodrocortisone" title="Benzodrocortisone">Benzodrocortisone (hydrocortisone benzoate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortamate" title="Hydrocortamate">Hydrocortamate (hydrocortisone diethylaminoacetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Hydrocortisone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Hydrocortisone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone" title="Cortisone">Cortisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone_acetate" title="Cortisone acetate">Cortisone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deprodone" title="Deprodone">Deprodone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deprodone_propionate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deprodone propionate (page does not exist)">Deprodone propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorisone" title="Dichlorisone">Dichlorisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dichlorisone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dichlorisone acetate (page does not exist)">Dichlorisone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dichlorisone_diacetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dichlorisone diacetate (page does not exist)">Dichlorisone diacetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difluprednate" title="Difluprednate">Difluprednate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endrisone" title="Endrisone">Endrisone (endrysone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiprednol" title="Etiprednol">Etiprednol</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiprednol_dicloacetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiprednol dicloacetate (page does not exist)">Etiprednol dicloacetate (etiprednol dichloroacetate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone" title="Fludrocortisone">Fludrocortisone (fludrocortone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone_acetate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fludrocortisone acetate">Fludrocortisone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone" title="Fluorometholone">Fluorometholone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone_acetate" title="Fluorometholone acetate">Fluorometholone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluperolone" title="Fluperolone">Fluperolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluperolone_acetate" title="Fluperolone acetate">Fluperolone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluprednisolone" title="Fluprednisolone">Fluprednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Fluprednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Fluprednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halopredone" title="Halopredone">Halopredone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halopredone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halopredone acetate (page does not exist)">Halopredone acetate (halopredone diacetate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoflupredone" title="Isoflupredone">Isoflupredone (9α-fluoroprednisolone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoflupredone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoflupredone acetate (page does not exist)">Isoflupredone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loteprednol" title="Loteprednol">Loteprednol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazipredone" title="Mazipredone">Mazipredone (depersolone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medrysone" title="Medrysone">Medrysone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylprednisolone" title="Methylprednisolone">Methylprednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Methylprednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Methylprednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prebediolone" class="mw-redirect" title="Prebediolone">Prebediolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prebediolone_acetate" title="Prebediolone acetate">Prebediolone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prednazate" title="Prednazate">Prednazate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednazoline" title="Prednazoline">Prednazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednicarbate" title="Prednicarbate">Prednicarbate (prednisolone ethylcarbonate propionate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednimustine" title="Prednimustine">Prednimustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolamate" title="Prednisolamate">Prednisolamate (prednisolone diethylaminoacetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Prednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Prednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">Prednisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Prednisone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Prednisone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_acetate" title="Pregnenolone acetate">Pregnenolone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_succinate" title="Pregnenolone succinate">Pregnenolone succinate (pregnenolone hemisuccinate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resocortol" title="Resocortol">Resocortol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipredane" title="Tipredane">Tipredane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixocortol" title="Tixocortol">Tixocortol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butixocort" title="Butixocort">Butixocort (tixocortol butyrate)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butixocort_propionate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butixocort propionate (page does not exist)">Butixocort propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixocortol_pivalate" title="Tixocortol pivalate">Tixocortol pivalate</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Methasones and related (16-substituted):</i> <a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Methyl-11-oxoprednisolone" title="16α-Methyl-11-oxoprednisolone">16α-Methyl-11-oxoprednisolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alclometasone" title="Alclometasone">Alclometasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alclometasone_dipropionate" title="Alclometasone dipropionate">Alclometasone dipropionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelometasone" title="Amelometasone">Amelometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone" title="Beclometasone">Beclometasone (beclomethasone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Beclometasone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Beclometasone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone (betametasone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Betamethasone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Betamethasone esters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortobenzolone" title="Cortobenzolone">Cortobenzolone (betamethasone salicylate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclometasone" title="Ciclometasone">Ciclometasone (ciclomethasone, cyclomethasone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasol" title="Clobetasol">Clobetasol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasol_propionate" title="Clobetasol propionate">Clobetasol propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasone" title="Clobetasone">Clobetasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasone_butyrate" title="Clobetasone butyrate">Clobetasone butyrate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clocortolone" title="Clocortolone">Clocortolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Clocortolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Clocortolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloticasone" title="Cloticasone">Cloticasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloticasone_propionate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cloticasone propionate (page does not exist)">Cloticasone propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormetasone" title="Cormetasone">Cormetasone (cormethasone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cormetasone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cormetasone acetate (page does not exist)">Cormetasone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descinolone" title="Descinolone">Descinolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desoximetasone" title="Desoximetasone">Desoximetasone (desoxymethasone)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dexamethasone (dexametasone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Dexamethasone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Dexamethasone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflorasone" title="Diflorasone">Diflorasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diflorasone_diacetate" title="Diflorasone diacetate">Diflorasone diacetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflucortolone" title="Diflucortolone">Diflucortolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diflucortolone_pivalate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diflucortolone pivalate (page does not exist)">Diflucortolone pivalate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflucortolone_valerate" title="Diflucortolone valerate">Diflucortolone valerate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimesone" title="Dimesone">Dimesone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimesone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimesone acetate (page does not exist)">Dimesone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxibetasol" title="Doxibetasol">Doxibetasol (doxybetasol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluclorolone" title="Fluclorolone">Fluclorolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumetasone" title="Flumetasone">Flumetasone (flumethasone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flumetasone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flumetasone acetate (page does not exist)">Flumetasone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumetasone_pivalate" title="Flumetasone pivalate">Flumetasone pivalate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinolone" title="Fluocinolone">Fluocinolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocortin" title="Fluocortin">Fluocortin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluocortin_butyl" title="Fluocortin butyl">Fluocortin butyl (fluocortin butylate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocortolone" title="Fluocortolone">Fluocortolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Fluocortolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Fluocortolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluprednidene" title="Fluprednidene">Fluprednidene (fluprednylidene)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluprednidene_acetate" title="Fluprednidene acetate">Fluprednidene acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fluticasone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_furoate" title="Fluticasone furoate">Fluticasone furoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_propionate" title="Fluticasone propionate">Fluticasone propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halocortolone" title="Halocortolone">Halocortolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halometasone" title="Halometasone">Halometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icometasone" title="Icometasone">Icometasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icometasone_enbutate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icometasone enbutate (page does not exist)">Icometasone enbutate (icometasone butyrate acetate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoprednidene" title="Isoprednidene">Isoprednidene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locicortolone" title="Locicortolone">Locicortolone (locicortone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locicortolone_dicibate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Locicortolone dicibate (page does not exist)">Locicortolone dicibate (locicortone dicibate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclorisone" title="Meclorisone">Meclorisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meclorisone_dibutyrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meclorisone dibutyrate (page does not exist)">Meclorisone dibutyrate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meprednisone" title="Meprednisone">Meprednisone (methylprednisone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meprednisone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meprednisone acetate (page does not exist)">Meprednisone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meprednisone_hydrogen_succinate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meprednisone hydrogen succinate (page does not exist)">Meprednisone hydrogen succinate (methylprednisone hemisuccinate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone" title="Mometasone">Mometasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone_furoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mometasone furoate">Mometasone furoate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramethasone" title="Paramethasone">Paramethasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramethasone_acetate" title="Paramethasone acetate">Paramethasone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramethasone_disodium_phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramethasone disodium phosphate (page does not exist)">Paramethasone disodium phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramethasone_phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramethasone phosphate (page does not exist)">Paramethasone phosphate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednylidene" title="Prednylidene">Prednylidene</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prednylidene_diethylaminoacetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prednylidene diethylaminoacetate (page does not exist)">Prednylidene diethylaminoacetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimexolone" title="Rimexolone">Rimexolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticabesone" title="Ticabesone">Ticabesone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticabesone_propionate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ticabesone propionate (page does not exist)">Ticabesone propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timobesone" title="Timobesone">Timobesone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timobesone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timobesone acetate (page does not exist)">Timobesone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone" title="Triamcinolone">Triamcinolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_diacetate" title="Triamcinolone diacetate">Triamcinolone diacetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulobetasol" title="Ulobetasol">Ulobetasol (halobetasol)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulobetasol_propionate" title="Ulobetasol propionate">Ulobetasol propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamorolone" title="Vamorolone">Vamorolone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Cyclic ketals (16,17-cyclized):</i> <a href="/wiki/Acrocinonide" title="Acrocinonide">Acrocinonide (triamcinolone acroleinide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amcinafal" title="Amcinafal">Amcinafal (triamcinolone pentanonide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amcinafide" title="Amcinafide">Amcinafide (triamcinolone acetophenide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amcinonide" title="Amcinonide">Amcinonide (triamcinolone acetate cyclopentanonide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclesonide" title="Ciclesonide">Ciclesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicortonide" title="Cicortonide">Cicortonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflazacort" title="Deflazacort">Deflazacort (azacort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descinolone_acetonide" title="Descinolone acetonide">Descinolone acetonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desonide" title="Desonide">Desonide (hydroxyprednisolone acetonide)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desonide_disodium_phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desonide disodium phosphate (page does not exist)">Desonide disodium phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desonide_pivalate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desonide pivalate (page does not exist)">Desonide pivalate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexbudesonide" title="Dexbudesonide">Dexbudesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drocinonide" title="Drocinonide">Drocinonide</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drocinonide_phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drocinonide phosphate (page does not exist)">Drocinonide phosphate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluazacort" title="Fluazacort">Fluazacort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluclorolone_acetonide" title="Fluclorolone acetonide">Fluclorolone acetonide (flucloronide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludroxycortide" title="Fludroxycortide">Fludroxycortide (flurandrenolone, flurandrenolide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumoxonide" title="Flumoxonide">Flumoxonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunisolide" title="Flunisolide">Flunisolide</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flunisolide_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flunisolide acetate (page does not exist)">Flunisolide acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinolone_acetonide" title="Fluocinolone acetonide">Fluocinolone acetonide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciprocinonide" title="Ciprocinonide">Ciprocinonide (fluocinolone acetonide cyclopropylcarboxylate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinonide" title="Fluocinonide">Fluocinonide (fluocinolide, fluocinolone acetonide acetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procinonide" title="Procinonide">Procinonide (fluocinolone acetonide propionate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formocortal" title="Formocortal">Formocortal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcinonide" title="Halcinonide">Halcinonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itrocinonide" title="Itrocinonide">Itrocinonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rofleponide" title="Rofleponide">Rofleponide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rofleponide_palmitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Rofleponide palmitate">Rofleponide palmitate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tralonide" title="Tralonide">Tralonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_acetonide" title="Triamcinolone acetonide">Triamcinolone acetonide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flupamesone" title="Flupamesone">Flupamesone (triamcinolone acetonide metembonate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Triamcinolone_acetonide_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Triamcinolone acetonide esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_aminobenzal_benzamidoisobutyrate" title="Triamcinolone aminobenzal benzamidoisobutyrate">Triamcinolone aminobenzal benzamidoisobutyrate (TBI-PAB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triclonide" title="Triclonide">Triclonide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Others/atypical (other expanded steroid ring systems, homosteroids, and non-pregnane steroids):</i> <a href="/wiki/Cortisuzol" title="Cortisuzol">Cortisuzol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortivazol" title="Cortivazol">Cortivazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domoprednate" title="Domoprednate">Domoprednate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naflocort" title="Naflocort">Naflocort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicocortonide" title="Nicocortonide">Nicocortonide</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicocortonide_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicocortonide acetate (page does not exist)">Nicocortonide acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivacortol" title="Nivacortol">Nivacortol (nivazol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxisopred" title="Oxisopred">Oxisopred</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RU-26988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RU-26988 (page does not exist)">RU-26988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RU-28362" title="RU-28362">RU-28362</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Non-corticosteroids with some glucocorticoid activity:</i> <a href="/wiki/15%CE%B2-Hydroxycyproterone_acetate" title="15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate">15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="17α-Hydroxyprogesterone">17α-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromoketoprogesterone" title="Bromoketoprogesterone">Bromoketoprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate" title="Chlormadinone acetate">Chlormadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone" title="Cyproterone">Cyproterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danazol" title="Danazol">Danazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmadinone_acetate" title="Delmadinone acetate">Delmadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desogestrel" title="Desogestrel">Desogestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DU-41165" title="DU-41165">DU-41165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etonogestrel" title="Etonogestrel">Etonogestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugestone" title="Flugestone">Flugestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugestone_acetate" title="Flugestone acetate">Flugestone acetate (flurogestone acetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoromedroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate">Fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxymesterone" title="Fluoxymesterone">Fluoxymesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestodene" title="Gestodene">Gestodene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medrogestone" title="Medrogestone">Medrogestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Medroxyprogesterone acetate">Medroxyprogesterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megestrol_acetate" title="Megestrol acetate">Megestrol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metribolone" title="Metribolone">Metribolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norgestomet" title="Norgestomet">Norgestomet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaterone_acetate" title="Osaterone acetate">Osaterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegestone" title="Promegestone">Promegestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RU-2309" title="RU-2309">RU-2309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quingestrone" title="Quingestrone">Quingestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segesterone_acetate" title="Segesterone acetate">Segesterone acetate (nestorone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrogestrinone" title="Tetrahydrogestrinone">Tetrahydrogestrinone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nonsteroidal glucocorticoids:</i> <a href="/wiki/AZD-5423" title="AZD-5423">AZD-5423</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK-9027&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK-9027 (page does not exist)">GSK-9027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Mixed<br />(<a href="/wiki/Selective_glucocorticoid_receptor_agonists" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists"><abbr title="Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists">SEGRMs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagrocorat" title="Dagrocorat">Dagrocorat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosdagrocorat" title="Fosdagrocorat">Fosdagrocorat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapracorat" title="Mapracorat">Mapracorat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Antiglucocorticoid" title="Antiglucocorticoid">Antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Hydroxy-DHEA" title="7α-Hydroxy-DHEA">7α-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Methylprogesterone" title="17α-Methylprogesterone">17α-Methylprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aglepristone" title="Aglepristone">Aglepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asoprisnil" title="Asoprisnil">Asoprisnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asoprisnil_ecamate" title="Asoprisnil ecamate">Asoprisnil ecamate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C108297&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C108297 (page does not exist)">C108297</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C113176&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C113176 (page does not exist)">C113176</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CORT-108297&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CORT-108297 (page does not exist)">CORT-108297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dazucorilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dazucorilant (page does not exist)">Dazucorilant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exicorilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exicorilant (page does not exist)">Exicorilant (CORT-125281)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggulsterone" title="Guggulsterone">Guggulsterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilopristone" title="Lilopristone">Lilopristone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LLY-2707&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LLY-2707 (page does not exist)">LLY-2707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapristone" title="Metapristone">Metapristone (RU-42633)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">Miconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone (RU-486)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miricorilant" title="Miricorilant">Miricorilant (CORT-118335)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onapristone" title="Onapristone">Onapristone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORG-34116&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORG-34116 (page does not exist)">ORG-34116</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORG-34517&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORG-34517 (page does not exist)">ORG-34517 (SCH-900636)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Org_34850&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Org 34850 (page does not exist)">ORG-34850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_16%CE%B1-carbonitrile" title="Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile">Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relacorilant" title="Relacorilant">Relacorilant (CORT-125134)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI_3021%E2%80%93012" class="mw-redirect" title="RTI 3021–012">RTI 3021–012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTI_3021%E2%80%93022&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTI 3021–022 (page does not exist)">RTI 3021–022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telapristone" title="Telapristone">Telapristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibolone" title="Tibolone">Tibolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toripristone" title="Toripristone">Toripristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulipristal_acetate" title="Ulipristal acetate">Ulipristal acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zavacorilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zavacorilant (page does not exist)">Zavacorilant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Antisense oligonucleotides:</i> <a href="/wiki/IONIS-GCCRRx" title="IONIS-GCCRRx">IONIS-GCCR<sub>Rx</sub> (ISIS-426115)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Glucocorticoids_and_antiglucocorticoids" title="Template:Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids">Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mineralocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Mineralocorticoid receptor modulators">Mineralocorticoid receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroids" title="List of corticosteroids">List of corticosteroids</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Growth factor receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Growth factor receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Growth factor receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Growth_factor_receptor" title="Growth factor receptor">Growth factor receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_receptor" title="Angiopoietin receptor">Angiopoietin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_1" title="Angiopoietin 1">Angiopoietin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiopoietin 4">Angiopoietin 4</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiopoietin 2">Angiopoietin 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angiopoietin_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angiopoietin 3 (page does not exist)">Angiopoietin 3</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Evinacumab" title="Evinacumab">Evinacumab</a> (against angiopoietin 3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesvacumab" title="Nesvacumab">Nesvacumab</a> (against angiopoietin 2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor_receptor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor">CNTF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Axokine" class="mw-redirect" title="Axokine">Axokine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor_receptor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor">CNTF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapiclermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dapiclermin (page does not exist)">Dapiclermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGF (ErbB)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGF<br /><small>(ErbB1/HER1)</small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Amphiregulin" title="Amphiregulin">Amphiregulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacellulin" title="Betacellulin">Betacellulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor" title="Epidermal growth factor">EGF (urogastrone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigen" title="Epigen">Epigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiregulin" title="Epiregulin">Epiregulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor" title="Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor">Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murodermin" title="Murodermin">Murodermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepidermin" title="Nepidermin">Nepidermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor alpha">Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Afatinib" title="Afatinib">Afatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigatinib" title="Brigatinib">Brigatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canertinib" title="Canertinib">Canertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacomitinib" title="Dacomitinib">Dacomitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlotinib" title="Erlotinib">Erlotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefitinib" title="Gefitinib">Gefitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandinin" title="Grandinin">Grandinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icotinib" title="Icotinib">Icotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neratinib" title="Neratinib">Neratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osimertinib" title="Osimertinib">Osimertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHI-P_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WHI-P 154 (page does not exist)">WHI-P 154</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cetuximab" title="Cetuximab">Cetuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Depatuxizumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depatuxizumab (page does not exist)">Depatuxizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depatuxizumab_mafodotin" title="Depatuxizumab mafodotin">Depatuxizumab mafodotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuximab" title="Futuximab">Futuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imgatuzumab" title="Imgatuzumab">Imgatuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matuzumab" title="Matuzumab">Matuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necitumumab" title="Necitumumab">Necitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimotuzumab" title="Nimotuzumab">Nimotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panitumumab" title="Panitumumab">Panitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalutumumab" title="Zalutumumab">Zalutumumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER2/neu" class="mw-redirect" title="HER2/neu">ErbB2/HER2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <i>Unknown/none</i></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ertumaxomab" title="Ertumaxomab">Ertumaxomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertuzumab" title="Pertuzumab">Pertuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab" title="Trastuzumab">Trastuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_deruxtecan" title="Trastuzumab deruxtecan">Trastuzumab deruxtecan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trastuzumab_duocarmazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trastuzumab duocarmazine (page does not exist)">Trastuzumab duocarmazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_emtansine" title="Trastuzumab emtansine">Trastuzumab emtansine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Afatinib" title="Afatinib">Afatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubritinib" title="Mubritinib">Mubritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neratinib" title="Neratinib">Neratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucatinib" title="Tucatinib">Tucatinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER3" class="mw-redirect" title="HER3">ErbB3/HER3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Neuregulin" title="Neuregulin">Neuregulins (heregulins)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neuregulin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuregulin-1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSPG5" title="CSPG5">6 (neuroglycan C)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Duligotumab" class="mw-redirect" title="Duligotumab">Duligotumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patritumab" title="Patritumab">Patritumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seribantumab" title="Seribantumab">Seribantumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER4" class="mw-redirect" title="HER4">ErbB4/HER4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Betacellulin" title="Betacellulin">Betacellulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigen" title="Epigen">Epigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor" title="Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor">Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuregulin" title="Neuregulin">Neuregulins (heregulins)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neuregulin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuregulin-1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG3" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG4" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG4">4</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomoregulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomoregulin (page does not exist)">5 (tomoregulin, TMEFF)</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor">FGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_1" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1">FGFR1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF3" title="FGF3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF5" title="FGF5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF10" title="FGF10">10 (KGF2)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF20" title="FGF20">20</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repifermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repifermin (page does not exist)">Repifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velafermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velafermin (page does not exist)">Velafermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2">FGFR2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF3" title="FGF3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF5" title="FGF5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF7" title="FGF7">7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keratinocyte_growth_factor" title="Keratinocyte growth factor">KGF</a>), <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF10" title="FGF10">10 (KGF2)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF17" title="FGF17">17</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF18" title="FGF18">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF22" title="FGF22">22</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palifermin" title="Palifermin">Palifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repifermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repifermin (page does not exist)">Repifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprifermin" title="Sprifermin">Sprifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aprutumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aprutumab (page does not exist)">Aprutumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aprutumab_ixadotin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aprutumab ixadotin (page does not exist)">Aprutumab ixadotin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Infigratinib" title="Infigratinib">Infigratinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_3" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3">FGFR3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF18" title="FGF18">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF23" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF23">23</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprifermin" title="Sprifermin">Sprifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Burosumab" title="Burosumab">Burosumab</a> (against FGF23)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_4" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4">FGFR4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF19" title="FGF19">19</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/FGF15/19" title="FGF15/19">FGF15/19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_growth_factor_receptor" title="Hepatocyte growth factor receptor">HGF (c-Met)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Fosgonimeton" title="Fosgonimeton">Fosgonimeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_growth_factor" title="Hepatocyte growth factor">Hepatocyte growth factor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Potentiators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dihexa" title="Dihexa">Dihexa (PNB-0408)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM7_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM7 (drug) (page does not exist)">AM7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMG-458&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMG-458 (page does not exist)">AMG-458</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amuvatinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amuvatinib (page does not exist)">Amuvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-777607&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-777607 (page does not exist)">BMS-777607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabozantinib" title="Cabozantinib">Cabozantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capmatinib" title="Capmatinib">Capmatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crizotinib" title="Crizotinib">Crizotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foretinib" title="Foretinib">Foretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golvatinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golvatinib (page does not exist)">Golvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=INCB28060&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INCB28060 (page does not exist)">INCB28060</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JNJ-38877605&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JNJ-38877605 (page does not exist)">JNJ-38877605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MK-2461&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MK-2461 (page does not exist)">MK-2461</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-04217903&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-04217903 (page does not exist)">PF-04217903</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-2341066&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-2341066 (page does not exist)">PF-2341066</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PHA-665752&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PHA-665752 (page does not exist)">PHA-665752</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SU-11274&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SU-11274 (page does not exist)">SU-11274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivantinib" title="Tivantinib">Tivantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volitinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Volitinib">Volitinib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Emibetuzumab" title="Emibetuzumab">Emibetuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficlatuzumab" title="Ficlatuzumab">Ficlatuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanvotumab" title="Flanvotumab">Flanvotumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onartuzumab" title="Onartuzumab">Onartuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilotumumab" title="Rilotumumab">Rilotumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telisotuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telisotuzumab (page does not exist)">Telisotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telisotuzumab_vedotin" title="Telisotuzumab vedotin">Telisotuzumab vedotin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Somatomedin_receptor" title="Somatomedin receptor">IGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor">IGF-1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Des(1-3)IGF-1" title="Des(1-3)IGF-1">des(1-3)IGF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1">Insulin-like growth factor-1 (somatomedin C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGF-1_LR3" title="IGF-1 LR3">IGF-1 LR3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">Insulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecasermin" title="Mecasermin">Mecasermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecasermin_rinfabate" title="Mecasermin rinfabate">Mecasermin rinfabate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-754807&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-754807 (page does not exist)">BMS-754807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linsitinib" title="Linsitinib">Linsitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NVP-ADW742&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NVP-ADW742 (page does not exist)">NVP-ADW742</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NVP-AEW541&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NVP-AEW541 (page does not exist)">NVP-AEW541</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSl-906&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSl-906 (page does not exist)">OSl-906</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=AVE-1642&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AVE-1642 (page does not exist)">AVE-1642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixutumumab" title="Cixutumumab">Cixutumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalotuzumab" title="Dalotuzumab">Dalotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figitumumab" title="Figitumumab">Figitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganitumab" title="Ganitumab">Ganitumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robatumumab" title="Robatumumab">Robatumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R1507&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R1507 (page does not exist)">R1507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teprotumumab" title="Teprotumumab">Teprotumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xentuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xentuzumab (page does not exist)">Xentuzumab</a> (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor">IGF-2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dusigitumab" title="Dusigitumab">Dusigitumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xentuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xentuzumab (page does not exist)">Xentuzumab</a> (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Binding proteins:</i> <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor-binding_protein" title="Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein">IGFBP</a> (<a href="/wiki/IGFBP1" title="IGFBP1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP2" title="IGFBP2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP3" title="IGFBP3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP4" title="IGFBP4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP5" title="IGFBP5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP6" title="IGFBP6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP7" title="IGFBP7">7</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glypromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glypromate (page does not exist)">Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trofinetide" title="Trofinetide">Trofinetide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Low-affinity_nerve_growth_factor_receptor" title="Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor">LNGF (p75<sup>NTR</sup>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Brain-derived neurotrophic factor">BDNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-27" title="BNN-27">BNN-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenegermin" title="Cenegermin">Cenegermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">NGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-4" title="Neurotrophin-4">NT-4</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ALE-0540&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALE-0540 (page does not exist)">ALE-0540</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EVT-901&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EVT-901 (page does not exist)">EVT-901 (SAR-127963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-110 (page does not exist)">ABT-110 (PG110)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASP-6294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASP-6294 (page does not exist)">ASP-6294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasinumab" title="Fasinumab">Fasinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunevetmab" title="Frunevetmab">Frunevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulranumab" title="Fulranumab">Fulranumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEDI-578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEDI-578 (page does not exist)">MEDI-578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranevetmab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranevetmab (page does not exist)">Ranevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Aptamers:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RBM-004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBM-004 (page does not exist)">RBM-004</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=LEVI-04&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LEVI-04 (page does not exist)">LEVI-04 (p75<sup>NTR</sup>-Fc)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor_receptor" title="Platelet-derived growth factor receptor">PDGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Becaplermin" title="Becaplermin">Becaplermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor" title="Platelet-derived growth factor">Platelet-derived growth factor</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDGFA" title="PDGFA">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFB" title="PDGFB">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFC" title="PDGFC">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFD" title="PDGFD">D</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avapritinib" title="Avapritinib">Avapritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crenolanib" title="Crenolanib">Crenolanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvatinib" title="Lenvatinib">Lenvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masitinib" title="Masitinib">Masitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motesanib" title="Motesanib">Motesanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintedanib" title="Nintedanib">Nintedanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radotinib" title="Radotinib">Radotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripretinib" title="Ripretinib">Ripretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Olaratumab" title="Olaratumab">Olaratumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovetumab" title="Tovetumab">Tovetumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/RET_proto-oncogene" title="RET proto-oncogene">RET (GFL)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B11" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα1">GFRα1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Glial_cell_line-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor">Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liatermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liatermin (page does not exist)">Liatermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B12" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα2">GFRα2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Neurturin" title="Neurturin">Neurturin (NRTN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B13" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα3">GFRα3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Artemin" title="Artemin">Artemin (ARTN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B14" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα4">GFRα4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Persephin" title="Persephin">Persephin (PSPN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CD117" class="mw-redirect" title="CD117">SCF (c-Kit)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ancestim" title="Ancestim">Ancestim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_factor" title="Stem cell factor">Stem cell factor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasatinib" title="Dasatinib">Dasatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masitinib" title="Masitinib">Masitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilotinib" title="Nilotinib">Nilotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_beta_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor beta receptor">TGFβ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:TGF%CE%B2_receptor_superfamily_modulators" title="Template:TGFβ receptor superfamily modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Trk_receptor" title="Trk receptor">Trk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkA_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkA receptor">TrkA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-27" title="BNN-27">BNN-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenegermin" title="Cenegermin">Cenegermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambogic_amide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambogic amide (page does not exist)">Gambogic amide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">NGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavilermide" title="Tavilermide">Tavilermide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ALE-0540&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALE-0540 (page does not exist)">ALE-0540</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FX007" class="mw-redirect" title="FX007">FX007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Negative allosteric modulators:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=VM-902A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VM-902A (page does not exist)">VM-902A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milciclib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milciclib (page does not exist)">Milciclib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SNA-120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SNA-120 (page does not exist)">SNA-120 (pegylated K252a)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <i>Against TrkA:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=GBR-900&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GBR-900 (page does not exist)">GBR-900</a>; <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-110 (page does not exist)">ABT-110 (PG110)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASP-6294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASP-6294 (page does not exist)">ASP-6294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasinumab" title="Fasinumab">Fasinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunevetmab" title="Frunevetmab">Frunevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulranumab" title="Fulranumab">Fulranumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEDI-578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEDI-578 (page does not exist)">MEDI-578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranevetmab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranevetmab (page does not exist)">Ranevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Aptamers:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RBM-004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBM-004 (page does not exist)">RBM-004</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ReN-1820&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ReN-1820 (page does not exist)">ReN-1820 (TrkAd5)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkB_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkB receptor">TrkB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=3,7-Dihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,7-Dihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">3,7-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3,7,8,2%27-Tetrahydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,7,8,2'-Tetrahydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">3,7,8,2'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="4'-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone">4'-DMA-7,8-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,3%E2%80%B2-Dihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,3′-Dihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">7,3'-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,8-Dihydroxyflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="7,8-Dihydroxyflavone">7,8-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,8,2%27-Trihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,8,2'-Trihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">7,8,2'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,8,3%27-Trihydroxyflavone" title="7,8,3'-Trihydroxyflavone">7,8,3'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Brain-derived neurotrophic factor">BDNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxygedunin" title="Deoxygedunin">Deoxygedunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deprenyl" title="Deprenyl">Deprenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosmetin" title="Diosmetin">Diosmetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DMAQ-B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DMAQ-B1 (page does not exist)">DMAQ-B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIOC" title="HIOC">HIOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LM22A-4" title="LM22A-4">LM22A-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Acetylserotonin" title="N-Acetylserotonin">N-Acetylserotonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-4" title="Neurotrophin-4">NT-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwogonin" title="Norwogonin">Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R7_(drug)" title="R7 (drug)">R7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R13_(drug)" title="R13 (drug)">R13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TDP6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TDP6 (page does not exist)">TDP6</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/ANA-12" title="ANA-12">ANA-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclotraxin_B" title="Cyclotraxin B">Cyclotraxin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossypetin" title="Gossypetin">Gossypetin (3,5,7,8,3',4'-HHF)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Ligands:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkC_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkC receptor">TrkC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor">VEGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Placental_growth_factor" title="Placental growth factor">Placental growth factor (PGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripretinib" title="Ripretinib">Ripretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telbermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telbermin (page does not exist)">Telbermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor">VEGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_A" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor A">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_B" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor B">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_C" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor D">D (FIGF)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Allosteric modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cyclotraxin_B" title="Cyclotraxin B">Cyclotraxin B</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabozantinib" title="Cabozantinib">Cabozantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cediranib" title="Cediranib">Cediranib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruquintinib" title="Fruquintinib">Fruquintinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvatinib" title="Lenvatinib">Lenvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motesanib" title="Motesanib">Motesanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintedanib" title="Nintedanib">Nintedanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegaptanib" title="Pegaptanib">Pegaptanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regorafenib" title="Regorafenib">Regorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaxanib" title="Semaxanib">Semaxanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivozanib" title="Tivozanib">Tivozanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHI-P_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WHI-P 154 (page does not exist)">WHI-P 154</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alacizumab_pegol" title="Alacizumab pegol">Alacizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevacizumab" title="Bevacizumab">Bevacizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icrucumab" title="Icrucumab">Icrucumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranibizumab" title="Ranibizumab">Ranibizumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Aflibercept" title="Aflibercept">Aflibercept</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Additional growth factors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Adrenomedullin" title="Adrenomedullin">Adrenomedullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony-stimulating_factor" title="Colony-stimulating factor">Colony-stimulating factors</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue_growth_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Connective tissue growth factor">Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrin" title="Ephrin">Ephrins</a> (<a href="/wiki/EFNA1" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA1">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA2" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA2">A2</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA3" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA3">A3</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA4" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA4">A4</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA5" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA5">A5</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB1" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB1">B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB2" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB2">B2</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB3" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB3">B3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoietin" title="Erythropoietin">Erythropoietin</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_isomerase" title="Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase">Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glia_maturation_factor" title="Glia maturation factor">Glia maturation factor (GMF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatoma-derived_growth_factor" title="Hepatoma-derived growth factor">Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukins</a>/<a href="/wiki/T-cell_growth_factor" title="T-cell growth factor">T-cell growth factors</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor">Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrophage-stimulating_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrophage-stimulating protein">Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midkine" title="Midkine">Midkine (NEGF2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration-stimulating_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration-stimulating factor">Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncomodulin" title="Oncomodulin">Oncomodulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituitary_adenylate_cyclase-activating_peptide" title="Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide">Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiotrophin" title="Pleiotrophin">Pleiotrophin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renalase" title="Renalase">Renalase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoietin" title="Thrombopoietin">Thrombopoietin</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway" title="Wnt signaling pathway">Wnt signaling proteins</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Additional growth factor receptor modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cerebrolysin" title="Cerebrolysin">Cerebrolysin</a> (neurotrophin mixture)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor" title="Xenobiotic-sensing receptor">Xenobiotic-sensing receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_androstane_receptor" title="Constitutive androstane receptor"><abbr title="Constitutive androstane receptor">CAR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Constitutive androstane receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=6,7-Dimethylesculetin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6,7-Dimethylesculetin (page does not exist)">6,7-Dimethylesculetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiodarone" title="Amiodarone">Amiodarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemisinin" title="Artemisinin">Artemisinin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benfuracarb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benfuracarb (page does not exist)">Benfuracarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">Carbamazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carvedilol" title="Carvedilol">Carvedilol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">Chlorpromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysin" title="Chrysin">Chrysin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CITCO_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CITCO (drug) (page does not exist)">CITCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclophosphamide" title="Cyclophosphamide">Cyclophosphamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypermethrin" title="Cypermethrin">Cypermethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prasterone" title="Prasterone">prasterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efavirenz" title="Efavirenz">Efavirenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellagic_acid" title="Ellagic acid">Ellagic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseofulvin" title="Griseofulvin">Griseofulvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxychlor" title="Methoxychlor">Methoxychlor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">Nefazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevirapine" title="Nevirapine">Nevirapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicardipine" title="Nicardipine">Nicardipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octicizer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octicizer (page does not exist)">Octicizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permethrin" title="Permethrin">Permethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">Phenobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenytoin" title="Phenytoin">Phenytoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5β-Dihydroprogesterone">Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserpine" title="Reserpine">Reserpine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TCPOBOP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TCPOBOP (page does not exist)">TCPOBOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telmisartan" title="Telmisartan">Telmisartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolnaftate" title="Tolnaftate">Tolnaftate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troglitazone" title="Troglitazone">Troglitazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Valproic acid">Valproic acid</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=3,17%CE%B2-Estradiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,17β-Estradiol (page does not exist)">3,17β-Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Androstan-3%CE%B1-ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5α-Androstan-3α-ol (page does not exist)">3α-Androstanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Androst-16-en-3%CE%B1-ol" class="mw-redirect" title="5α-Androst-16-en-3α-ol">3α-Androstenol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Androstan-3%CE%B2-ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5α-Androstan-3β-ol (page does not exist)">3β-Androstanol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Androstan-17-ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5α-Androstan-17-ol (page does not exist)">17-Androstanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyl_isothiocyanate" title="Allyl isothiocyanate">AITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">Ethinylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclizine" title="Meclizine">Meclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nigramide_J&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nigramide J (page does not exist)">Nigramide J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okadaic_acid" title="Okadaic acid">Okadaic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PK-11195" class="mw-redirect" title="PK-11195">PK-11195</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-07662&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-07662 (page does not exist)">S-07662</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T-0901317&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-0901317 (page does not exist)">T-0901317</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnane_X_receptor" title="Pregnane X receptor"><abbr title="Pregnane X receptor">PXR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Pregnane X receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxypregnenolone" title="17α-Hydroxypregnenolone">17α-Hydroxypregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="17α-Hydroxyprogesterone">17α-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%944-Androstenedione" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ4-Androstenedione">Δ<sup>4</sup>-Androstenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%945-Androstenediol" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ5-Androstenediol">Δ<sup>5</sup>-Androstenediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%945-Androstenedione" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ5-Androstenedione">Δ<sup>5</sup>-Androstenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AA-861&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AA-861 (page does not exist)">AA-861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allopregnanediol" title="Allopregnanediol">Allopregnanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5α-Dihydroprogesterone">Allopregnanedione (5α-dihydroprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Lipoic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Lipoic acid">Alpha-Lipoic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrisentan" title="Ambrisentan">Ambrisentan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMI-193" class="mw-redirect" title="AMI-193">AMI-193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amlodipine_besylate" class="mw-redirect" title="Amlodipine besylate">Amlodipine besylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimycotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimycotic">Antimycotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemisinin" title="Artemisinin">Artemisinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurothioglucose" title="Aurothioglucose">Aurothioglucose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_acid" title="Bile acid">Bile acids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithionol" title="Bithionol">Bithionol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosentan" title="Bosentan">Bosentan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bumecaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bumecaine (page does not exist)">Bumecaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafestol" title="Cafestol">Cafestol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephaloridine" title="Cephaloridine">Cephaloridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephradine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephradine">Cephradine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">Chlorpromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciglitazone" title="Ciglitazone">Ciglitazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clindamycin" title="Clindamycin">Clindamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clofenvinfos" class="mw-redirect" title="Clofenvinfos">Clofenvinfos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroxine" title="Chloroxine">Chloroxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colforsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Colforsin">Colforsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosterone" title="Corticosterone">Corticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclophosphamide" title="Cyclophosphamide">Cyclophosphamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demecolcine" title="Demecolcine">Demecolcine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prasterone" title="Prasterone">prasterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prasterone_sulfate" title="Prasterone sulfate">prasterone sulfate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibunate_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dibunate sodium">Dibunate sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclazuril" title="Diclazuril">Diclazuril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicloxacillin" title="Dicloxacillin">Dicloxacillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimercaprol" title="Dimercaprol">Dimercaprol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinaline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinaline (page does not exist)">Dinaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docetaxel" title="Docetaxel">Docetaxel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docusate_calcium" class="mw-redirect" title="Docusate calcium">Docusate calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodecylbenzenesulfonic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid">Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dronabinol" title="Dronabinol">Dronabinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droxidopa" title="Droxidopa">Droxidopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburnamonine" class="mw-redirect" title="Eburnamonine">Eburnamonine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecopipam" title="Ecopipam">Ecopipam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzacamene" title="Enzacamene">Enzacamene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epothilone_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Epothilone B">Epothilone B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythromycin" title="Erythromycin">Erythromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famprofazone" title="Famprofazone">Famprofazone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Febantel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Febantel (page does not exist)">Febantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felodipine" title="Felodipine">Felodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenbendazole" title="Fenbendazole">Fenbendazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">Fentanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flucloxacillin" title="Flucloxacillin">Flucloxacillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone" title="Fluorometholone">Fluorometholone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseofulvin" title="Griseofulvin">Griseofulvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggulsterone" title="Guggulsterone">Guggulsterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloprogin" title="Haloprogin">Haloprogin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetacillin_potassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hetacillin potassium">Hetacillin potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperforin" title="Hyperforin">Hyperforin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum"><i>Hypericum perforatum</i> (St John's wort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indinavir_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indinavir sulfate">Indinavir sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasalocid_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lasalocid sodium">Lasalocid sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levothyroxine" title="Levothyroxine">Levothyroxine</a></li> <li>Linolenic acid: <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Linolenic_acid" title="Α-Linolenic acid">α-Linolenic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamma-Linolenic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Linolenic acid">γ-linolenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LOE-908&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LOE-908 (page does not exist)">LOE-908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loratadine" title="Loratadine">Loratadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovastatin" title="Lovastatin">Lovastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclizine" title="Meclizine">Meclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacycline" title="Metacycline">Metacycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylprednisolone" title="Methylprednisolone">Methylprednisolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metyrapone" title="Metyrapone">Metyrapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevastatin" title="Mevastatin">Mevastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafcillin" title="Nafcillin">Nafcillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicardipine" title="Nicardipine">Nicardipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">Nifedipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilvadipine" title="Nilvadipine">Nilvadipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisoldipine" title="Nisoldipine">Nisoldipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norelgestromin" title="Norelgestromin">Norelgestromin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omeprazole" title="Omeprazole">Omeprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlistat" title="Orlistat">Orlistat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxatomide" title="Oxatomide">Oxatomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">Paclitaxel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">Phenobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperine" title="Piperine">Piperine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plicamycin" title="Plicamycin">Plicamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnanediol" title="Pregnanediol">Pregnanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5β-Dihydroprogesterone">Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnanolone" title="Pregnanolone">Pregnanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_16%CE%B1-carbonitrile" title="Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile">Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proadifen" title="Proadifen">Proadifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quingestrone" title="Quingestrone">Quingestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserpine" title="Reserpine">Reserpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_triiodothyronine" title="Reverse triiodothyronine">Reverse triiodothyronine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">Rifampicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaximin" title="Rifaximin">Rifaximin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimexolone" title="Rimexolone">Rimexolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riodipine" title="Riodipine">Riodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritonavir" title="Ritonavir">Ritonavir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simvastatin" title="Simvastatin">Simvastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirolimus" title="Sirolimus">Sirolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiroxatrine" title="Spiroxatrine">Spiroxatrine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SR-12813&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SR-12813 (page does not exist)">SR-12813</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suberoylanilide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suberoylanilide (page does not exist)">Suberoylanilide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfisoxazole" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfisoxazole">Sulfisoxazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suramin" title="Suramin">Suramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrolimus" title="Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenylidone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenylidone (page does not exist)">Tenylidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terconazole" title="Terconazole">Terconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone_isocaproate" title="Testosterone isocaproate">Testosterone isocaproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline" title="Tetracycline">Tetracycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamylal_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiamylal sodium">Thiamylal sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiothixene" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiothixene">Thiothixene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonzonium_bromide" title="Thonzonium bromide">Thonzonium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianeptine" title="Tianeptine">Tianeptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troglitazone" title="Troglitazone">Troglitazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troleandomycin" title="Troleandomycin">Troleandomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropanyl_3,5-dimethulbenzoate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropanyl 3,5-dimethulbenzoate (page does not exist)">Tropanyl 3,5-dimethulbenzoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafirlukast" title="Zafirlukast">Zafirlukast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeranol" title="Zeranol">Zeranol</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesamin" title="Sesamin">Sesamin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sida-aids.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/19px-Sida-aids.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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