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<span>Plot</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plot-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Plot subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Act_One" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_One"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Act One</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_One-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_Two" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_Two"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Act Two</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_Two-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_Three" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_Three"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Act Three</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_Three-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_Four" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_Four"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Act Four</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_Four-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_Five" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_Five"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Act Five</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_Five-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_role_of_the_chorus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_role_of_the_chorus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The role of the chorus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_role_of_the_chorus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_Sophocles'_Oedipus_Rex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_Sophocles'_Oedipus_Rex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Comparison with Sophocles' <i>Oedipus Rex</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_Sophocles'_Oedipus_Rex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translations_into_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations_into_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Translations into English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations_into_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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href="#On_stage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>On stage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_stage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>In the cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tragedy by Seneca</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Oedipus <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oedipus&rft.author=%5B%5BSeneca+the+Younger%7CLucius+Annaeus+Seneca%5D%5D&rft.date=1st%26nbsp%3Bcentury&rft.place=%5B%5BAncient+Rome%7CRome%5D%5D"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Oscar-Pierre_Mathieu_Oedipe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Oscar-Pierre_Mathieu_Oedipe.jpg/220px-Oscar-Pierre_Mathieu_Oedipe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Oscar-Pierre_Mathieu_Oedipe.jpg/330px-Oscar-Pierre_Mathieu_Oedipe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Oscar-Pierre_Mathieu_Oedipe.jpg/440px-Oscar-Pierre_Mathieu_Oedipe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="469" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Oedipus with the bodies of Jocasta and his sons, painting by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oscar-Pierre_Mathieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oscar-Pierre Mathieu (page does not exist)">Oscar-Pierre Mathieu</a> (1871, private collection)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Lucius Annaeus Seneca</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data">Tragedy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Set in</th><td class="infobox-data">Thebes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1st century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Oedipus_(Seneca)" class="extiw" title="s:Oedipus (Seneca)">Oedipus</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Oedipus</b></i> is a <i><a href="/wiki/Fabula_crepidata" title="Fabula crepidata">fabula crepidata</a></i> (Roman <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragic play</a> with Greek subject) of c. 1061 lines of verse that was written by <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Lucius Annaeus Seneca</a> at some time during the 1st century AD. It is a retelling of the story of <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a>, which is better known through the play <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex" title="Oedipus Rex">Oedipus Rex</a></i> by the Athenian playwright, <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>. It is written in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a></b> is the king of <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a>, husband of Jocasta, and he is the supposed son of king <a href="/wiki/Polybus_of_Corinth" title="Polybus of Corinth">Polybus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a>. He is the main <a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">protagonist</a> of the play.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jocasta" title="Jocasta">Jocasta</a></b> is the widow of the former king <a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a>, wife of Oedipus and sister of Creon.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Creon_of_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Creon of Thebes">Creon</a></b> is Jocasta's brother, and the chief aid to Oedipus in Thebes.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></b> is a blind <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophet</a> who is charged by Oedipus to find the killer of King Laius.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manto_(mythology)" title="Manto (mythology)">Manto</a></b> is the daughter of Tiresias. She is used in the play to describe Tiresias' sacrifice to him, and therefore also to the audience.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Old_age" title="Old age">An Old Man</a></b> (<i>senex</i>) is a messenger from Corinth who comes to tell Oedipus that Polybus is dead, and reveals part of Oedipus' history to him.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Phorbas" title="Phorbas">Phorbas</a></b> is an old shepherd who had given Oedipus to the Old Man when Oedipus was a child and who reveals Oedipus' real parentage to him.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Courier" title="Courier">Messenger</a></b> (<i>nuntius</i>) is the man who, in Act 5, relates what has become of Oedipus.</li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Greek_chorus" title="Greek chorus">chorus</a></b> are singers that aid the audience in understanding what emotion they should feel after a scene.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_One">Act One</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Act One"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The play opens with a fearful Oedipus lamenting a vicious plague which is affecting Thebes, the city over which he rules. People are dying in such huge numbers that there are not enough of the living to ensure that each of the victims is cremated. He also mentions a prophecy that he had received from <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> before he came to Thebes that he would kill his father and marry his mother. He had thus fled the kingdom of his father Polybus. However, Oedipus is so disturbed by what is occurring in Thebes that he even considers returning to his home city. But Jocasta strengthens his resolution, and he stays. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_Two">Act Two</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Act Two"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Creon returns from the <a href="/wiki/Delphi#Oracle" title="Delphi">Oracle at Delphi</a> with the instruction that Thebes is required to avenge the death of the former King Laius if the citywide plague is to end. Oedipus utters an ironic curse on the yet unrevealed killer, wishing for him "the crimes that I have fled from". The prophet Tiresias appears and is asked by Oedipus to make clear the meaning of the oracle. Tiresias then proceeds to carry out a sacrifice, which contains a number of horrific signs. As Tiresias does not have the name of King Laius' killer, he proposes to summon Laius' spirit back from <a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a> to learn the identity of the guilty one. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_Three">Act Three</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Act Three"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Creon returns from seeing Tiresias after he has spoken to Laius' ghost, but is unwilling to reveal to Oedipus the killer's name. Oedipus threatens him, and then Creon relents. He says Laius accuses the king of having blood on his hands, and who "has defiled his father's marriage-bed". He goes on to say that Laius promises the plague will cease if the king is expelled from Thebes. Creon advises Oedipus to <a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">abdicate</a>, but Oedipus believes that he has invented this story, along with Tiresias, in order to seize his throne. Despite Creon's protestations of innocence, Oedipus has him arrested. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_Four">Act Four</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Act Four"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oedipus is troubled by the faint memory of a man whom he had killed on the road for behaving arrogantly before him while Oedipus was travelling to Thebes. An elderly messenger comes from Corinth to tell Oedipus that his father King Polybus has died and for him to come and take his throne. Oedipus does not want to return as he still fears the prophecy that he will marry his mother. The messenger then tells him that Corinth's queen is not his mother, and that he was given Oedipus as a baby on mount <a href="/wiki/Cithaeron" title="Cithaeron">Cithaeron</a>. Oedipus then learns, after threatening the shepherd that gave him away, that he is in fact Jocasta's son. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_Five">Act Five</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Act Five"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A messenger relays the news that Oedipus contemplated suicide and wanted his body flung to wild beasts; but then Oedipus decided that his crime deserved something even more horrible, on account of the suffering Thebes has endured. He resolved to find a slow death for himself. He craved a punishment in which he would neither "join the number of the dead nor dwell among the living". The messenger goes on to explain how Oedipus tore out his eyes with his hands. The chorus question fate, each person's "commanding thread of life", and then hear Oedipus entering. He appears with both eyes removed and is confronted by Jocasta. She realises from his action that she, too, must punish herself for her crimes. While on stage, she takes his sword and kills herself with it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_role_of_the_chorus">The role of the chorus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The role of the chorus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chorus at the end of Act 1 give an account of the plague, and its development. At the end of Act 2 they give an account of <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Bacchus</a>, who was the <a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deity" title="Tutelary deity">patron god</a> of Thebes. At the end of Act 3 they recount earlier horrific occurrences connected with Thebes. At the end of Act 4, however, they turn more reflective and praise living a life along "a safe middle course" rather than pursuing ambition. They therefore relate the story of <a href="/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus">Icarus</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Parable" title="Parable">parable</a> of a person who flew too high. They do, however, specify that no one is able to alter their <a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">fate</a>. This second point is made much more forcefully in their speech in Act 5, where they stress that neither God nor prayer can alter the life that is predestined for the individual. (This view of fate is contrary to the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a>, which hold that fate and divinity are the same. Also, the view of fate as arbitrary, rather than rational and benign, is not part of the Stoic cosmological view.)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_Sophocles'_Oedipus_Rex"><span id="Comparison_with_Sophocles.27_Oedipus_Rex"></span>Comparison with Sophocles' <i>Oedipus Rex</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Comparison with Sophocles' Oedipus Rex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The character of Oedipus in Seneca's play is fearful, "guilt-ridden and open from the beginning to the notion that he may be implicated in the great Theban plague; whereas Sophocles' Oedipus is proud and imperious."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Seneca's play has a considerably more violent tone. For example, the sacrifice carried out by Tiresias is described in graphic and gory detail.</li> <li>Sophocles’ play does not contain the character of Manto.</li> <li>In Seneca's play, Oedipus blinds himself before the death of Jocasta by pulling out his eyeballs. In Sophocles’ play, Oedipus blinds himself after seeing the corpse of Jocasta, using golden brooches from her dress to stab out his eyes.</li> <li>In Seneca's play Oedipus is, at best, an aid to the death of Jocasta, and from the ambiguous lines may even have taken her life. In Sophocles’ play, Jocasta hangs herself, and Oedipus subsequently discovers her lifeless body.</li> <li>In Seneca, Laius names his killer. In Sophocles, Oedipus’ guilt emerges gradually throughout the developing play.</li> <li>In Seneca's play there is no mention of Oedipus’ feelings towards his children, whereas in Sophocles’ play Oedipus leaves them to Creon's guardianship and wants to hold them again.</li> <li>Seneca's play ends with Oedipus leaving Thebes, whereas in Sophocles’ Oedipus is told by Creon that his rule is ended.</li> <li>Seneca names the Theban shepherd as Phorbas, whereas Sophocles leaves him nameless.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translations_into_English">Translations into English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Translations into English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The first translation into English of <i>Oedipus</i> was by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Neville_(translator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Neville (translator) (page does not exist)">Alexander Neville</a> and it appeared in 1563, as well as in Thomas Newton's collection of Seneca's plays, <i>His Tenne Tragedies</i>, in 1581.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An English translation from <a href="/wiki/Frank_Justus_Miller" title="Frank Justus Miller">Frank Justus Miller's</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1938 edition of this work is available online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/SenecaOedipus.html">theoi.com</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/tragedieswitheng01seneuoft/tragedieswitheng01seneuoft_djvu.txt">archive.org</a>.</li> <li><i>Oedipus</i> is one of the five plays of Seneca chosen and translated by <a href="/wiki/E._F._Watling" title="E. F. Watling">E. F. Watling</a> and published by <a href="/wiki/The_Penguin_Classics_Library_Complete_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="The Penguin Classics Library Complete Collection">Penguin Classics</a> in 1966. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-044174-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-044174-3">0-14-044174-3</a></li> <li>The English <a href="/wiki/Poet_laureate" title="Poet laureate">poet laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Ted_Hughes" title="Ted Hughes">Ted Hughes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/oedipus/search/rsc_person:seneca/page/1/view_as/grid">published</a> a translation of the play in 1969. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-09223-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-09223-3">0-571-09223-3</a></li> <li>In 1999 Professor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Rutenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Rutenberg (page does not exist)">Michael Rutenberg</a> published his free translation of the play, into which he has placed excerpts from Seneca's moral philosophy. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86516-459-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-86516-459-2">0-86516-459-2</a></li> <li>Fitch, John G., ed. and trans. 2004. Seneca, Tragedies. Vol. 2. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.</li> <li>Wilson, Emily. 2010. Oxford University Press Inc. New York. First published as Oxford World Classics paperback 2010.</li> <li>Boyle, Anthony J. 2011. Oedipus, Seneca. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputation">Reputation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Reputation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a> in <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_era" title="Elizabethan era">Elizabethan England</a>, <i>Oedipus</i>, along with Seneca's other plays, was regarded as a model of classical drama.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The translator Alexander Neville regarded the play as a work of moral instruction. He said of the play: "mark thou ... what is meant by the whole course of the History: and frame thy lyfe free from such mischiefes".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The influential early 20th Century French Theatre critic Antonin Artaud considered Seneca's <i>Oedipus</i> and <i>Thyestes</i> models for his Theatre of Cruelty, originally speaking and writing about Seneca's use of 'the plague' in <i>Oedipus</i> in a famous lecture on 'Theatre and the Plague' given at the Sorbonne (April 6, 1933) and later revised and printed in "<a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Revue_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Nouvelle Revue Française">Nouvelle Revue Française</a>" (no. 253, 1 Oct. 1934). </p><p>In recent times, A. J. Boyle in his book <i>Tragic Seneca: An Essay in the Theatrical Tradition</i> (1997) rejects the criticism of <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> that <i>Oedipus</i>, like the other plays of Seneca, is simplistically peopled by <a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">stock characters</a>. He says that "In the <i>Oedipus</i>, for example, it is hard to name any stock character except the messenger."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The play, particularly with its theme of one's powerlessness against stronger forces, has been described as being as "relevant today in a world filled with repeated horrors against those who are innocent, as it was in ancient times".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, translator Frederick Ahl wrote that in comparison with Sophocles's <i>Oedipus the King</i>, Seneca's version of the myth "is today among the least commonly read of ancient tragedies, largely because the scholarly world regards it as a dull and vastly inferior work".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performances">Performances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Performances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although it is debated whether the play was written for performance in Antiquity,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has been successfully staged since the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> and music for the choruses by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Gabrieli" title="Andrea Gabrieli">Andrea Gabrieli</a> survives from a 1585 production.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_stage">On stage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: On stage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the mid-1550s there was a performance of the play in the English city of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1968, Ted Hughes' adaptation was staged at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a> in London, directed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brook" title="Peter Brook">Peter Brook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In May 2005, Michael Rutenberg was invited to stage the play by the Department of Theatre at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Haifa" title="University of Haifa">University of Haifa</a> in Israel. He chose to set it in a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_holocaust" title="Nuclear holocaust">post-nuclear holocaust</a> future.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Also in 2005, a version based on Hughes' translation, and which closed with <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Nash" title="Johnny Nash">Johnny Nash's</a> "<a href="/wiki/I_Can_See_Clearly_Now" title="I Can See Clearly Now">I Can See Clearly Now</a>", was performed on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_By_The_Blind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre By The Blind (page does not exist)">Theatre By The Blind</a>, and directed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ike_Schambelan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ike Schambelan (page does not exist)">Ike Schambelan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2011, Ted Hughes' adaptation was staged at BAC (<a href="/wiki/Battersea_Arts_Centre" title="Battersea Arts Centre">Battersea Arts Centre</a>) in London, directed by Linda Manfredini.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>(MCTC)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2015, Theatre Nisha staged performances in various Indian cities.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_cinema">In the cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In the cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The director <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovliakuli_Khodzhakuli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ovliakuli Khodzhakuli (page does not exist)">Ovliakuli Khodzhakuli</a> made his cinematic debut in 2004 with the <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz language">Kirghiz language</a> film, <i>Edip</i>, which is based on Seneca's play. Khodzhakuli makes a <a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">cameo appearance</a> in the film as King Laius. The principal actors are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Mele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Mele (page does not exist)">Anna Mele</a> as Oedipus, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dzhamilia_Sydykbaeva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzhamilia Sydykbaeva (page does not exist)">Dzhamilia Sydykbaeva</a> as Jocasta. For a review of the film, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinokultura.com/2006/11r-oedipus.shtml">"Ovliakuli Khodzhakuli: Oedipus (Edip), 2004"</a>. Kinokultura.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ovliakuli+Khodzhakuli%3A+Oedipus+%28Edip%29%2C+2004&rft.pub=Kinokultura.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinokultura.com%2F2006%2F11r-oedipus.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+%28Seneca%29" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_John_Sklenar2006" class="citation web cs1">Robert John Sklenar (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camws.org/southernsection/meeting2006/abstracts/sklenar.html">"Seneca, Oedipus 980-993: How Stoic a Chorus?"</a>. Camws.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seneca%2C+Oedipus+980-993%3A+How+Stoic+a+Chorus%3F&rft.pub=Camws.org&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Robert+John+Sklenar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camws.org%2Fsouthernsection%2Fmeeting2006%2Fabstracts%2Fsklenar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+%28Seneca%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa051600a.htm">Seneca's Oedipus - Review of Seneca's Oedipus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.uiuc.edu/rbx/exhibitions/ChartierExhibit/Lesser.htm">CASE 4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. F. Watling's Introduction to Seneca: Four Tragedies and Octavia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/oedipus/search/rsc_person:seneca/page/1/view_as/grid">"Search | RSC Performances | OED198808 - Oedipus Rex | Shakespeare Birthplace Trust"</a>. <i>collections.shakespeare.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collections.shakespeare.org.uk&rft.atitle=Search+%7C+RSC+Performances+%7C+OED198808+-+Oedipus+Rex+%7C+Shakespeare+Birthplace+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.shakespeare.org.uk%2Fsearch%2Frsc-performances%2Foedipus%2Fsearch%2Frsc_person%3Aseneca%2Fpage%2F1%2Fview_as%2Fgrid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+%28Seneca%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Wordsworth Dictionary of Shakespeare by Charles Boyce</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in E. F. Watling's Introduction to Seneca: Four Tragedies and Octavia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanna_M._Roisman2003" class="citation journal cs1">Hanna M. Roisman (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031204191513/http://www.leeds.ac.uk/classics/lics/2003/200305.pdf">"Teiresias, the seer of <i>Oedipus the King</i>: Sophocles' and Seneca's versions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Leeds International Classical Studies</i>. <b>2</b> (5). Leeds.ac.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leeds.ac.uk/classics/lics/2003/200305.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2003-12-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leeds+International+Classical+Studies&rft.atitle=Teiresias%2C+the+seer+of+Oedipus+the+King%3A+Sophocles%27+and+Seneca%27s+versions&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Hanna+M.+Roisman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leeds.ac.uk%2Fclassics%2Flics%2F2003%2F200305.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+%28Seneca%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oedipusmax.com/theplay.htm">About the Book - Oedipus of Lucius Annaeus Seneca - Translated and Adapted by Michael Rutenberg, 1999</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhl2008" class="citation book cs1">Ahl, Frederick (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WSIi7qygyy8C"><i>Two Faces of Oedipus: Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus and Seneca's Oedipus</i></a>. Cornell University Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801473975" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801473975"><bdi>978-0801473975</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Faces+of+Oedipus%3A+Sophocles%27+Oedipus+Tyrannus+and+Seneca%27s+Oedipus&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0801473975&rft.aulast=Ahl&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWSIi7qygyy8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+%28Seneca%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erasmo, Mario. Roman Tragedy: Theatre to Theatricality. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004: pp. 135-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Printed 1588 and edited by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Schrade" title="Leo Schrade">Leo Schrade</a> as <i>La représentation d’Edippo tiranno au Teatro olimpico</i> (Paris, 1960). An excerpt is <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uma.es/victoria/varios/pdf/Gabrieli-Edipo_Tiranno-4.pdf">here.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.emich.edu/gcross1/L210.TitusA.htm">L210</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiukkonen" class="citation web cs1">Liukkonen, Petri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081010051259/http://kirjasto.sci.fi/thughes.htm">"Ted Hughes"</a>. <i>Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)</i>. Finland: <a href="/wiki/Kuusankoski" title="Kuusankoski">Kuusankoski</a> Public Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/thughes.htm">the original</a> on 10 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Books+and+Writers+%28kirjasto.sci.fi%29&rft.atitle=Ted+Hughes&rft.aulast=Liukkonen&rft.aufirst=Petri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirjasto.sci.fi%2Fthughes.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+%28Seneca%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1987" class="citation book cs1">Williams, David (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peterbrooktheatr0000unse/page/115"><i>Peter Brook : A Theatrical Casebook</i></a>. London: Methuen. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peterbrooktheatr0000unse/page/115">115–134</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0413157008" title="Special:BookSources/0413157008"><bdi>0413157008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peter+Brook+%3A+A+Theatrical+Casebook&rft.place=London&rft.pages=115-134&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0413157008&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeterbrooktheatr0000unse%2Fpage%2F115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+%28Seneca%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oedipusmax.com/staging.htm">Staging Oedipus - Oedipus of Lucius Annaeus Seneca - Translated and Adapted by Michael Rutenberg, 1999</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkinbroadway.com/ob/06_11_05.html">Talkin' Broadway Off-Broadway - Oedipus - 6/12/05</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bac.org.uk/whats-on/student-season-senecas-oedipus/">BAC s season: Seneca's Oedipus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lehighvalleylive.com/today/index.ssf/2009/03/moravian_college_and_touchston.html">"Moravian College and Touchston"</a>. Lehighvalleylive.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moravian+College+and+Touchston&rft.pub=Lehighvalleylive.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lehighvalleylive.com%2Ftoday%2Findex.ssf%2F2009%2F03%2Fmoravian_college_and_touchston.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+%28Seneca%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/capturing-the-anguish-of-fate/article7049696.ece">Capturing the anguish of fate</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_(Seneca)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Seneca's Oedipus</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Oedipus+%28Seneca%29&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Oedipus+%28Seneca%29">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Oedipus+%28Seneca%29&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Ahl, Frederick. 2008. <i>Two Faces of Oedipus.</i> Ithaca, NY, and London: Cornell Univ. Press.</li> <li>Braund, Susanna. 2016. <i>Seneca: Oedipus.</i> Bloomsbury Companions to Greek and Roman Tragedy. London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic.</li> <li>Edmunds, Lowell. 2006. <i>Oedipus.</i> London and New York: Routledge.</li> <li>Fitch, John G. 2000. "Playing Seneca?" In <i>Seneca in Performance.</i> Edited by George William Mallory Harrison, 1–12. London: Duckworth.</li> <li>Fitch, John G. 1981. "Sense-Pause and Relative Dating in Seneca, Sophocles and Shakespeare." <i>American Journal of Philology</i> 102:289–307.</li> <li>Hardwick, Lorna. 2009. "Can (Modern) Poets Do Classical Drama? The Case of Ted Hughes." In <i>Ted Hughes and the Classics.</i> Edited by Roger Rees, 39–61. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.</li> <li>Henry, Denis, and Brioney Walker. 1983. "The Oedipus of Seneca: An Imperial Tragedy". In <i>Seneca Tragicus: Ramus Essays on Senecan Drama.</i> Edited by A. J. Boyle, 128–139. Berwick, Australia: Aureal.</li> <li>Hine, Harry M. 2004. "Interpretatio Stoica of Senecan Tragedy." In <i>Sénèque le Tragique: Huit Exposés Suivis de Discussions.</i> Edited by Wolf-Lüder Liebermann, et al., 173–209. Geneva, Switzerland: Fondation Hardt.</li> <li>Ker, James. 2009. <i>The Deaths of Seneca.</i> Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.</li> <li>Mastronarde, Donald J. 1970. "Seneca’s Oedipus: The Drama in the Word." <i>Transactions of the American Philological Association</i> 101:291–315.</li> <li>Poe, Joe P. 1983. "The Sinful Nature of the Protagonist of Seneca’s Oedipus." In <i>Seneca Tragicus: Ramus Essays on Senecan Drama.</i> Edited by A. J. Boyle, 140–158. Berwick, Australia: Aureal.</li> <li>Seo, J. Mira. 2013. "Seneca’s Oedipus, Characterization and Decorum." In <i>Exemplary Traits: Reading Characterization in Roman Poetry.</i> By J. Mira Seo, 94–121. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.</li> <li>Staley, Greg. 2014. "Making Oedipus Roman." <i>Pallas</i> 95:111–124.</li> <li>Sutton, Dana Ferrin 1986. <i>Seneca on the Stage.</i> Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.</li> <li>Winston, J. 2006. "Seneca in Early Elizabethan England." <i>Renaissance Quarterly</i> 59:29–58.</li> <li>Zwierlein, Otto. 1986. L. Annaei Senecae Tragoediae. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Beneficiis" title="De Beneficiis">De Beneficiis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Brevitate_Vitae_(Seneca)" title="De Brevitate Vitae (Seneca)">De Brevitate Vitae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Clementia" title="De Clementia">De Clementia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Constantia_Sapientis" title="De Constantia Sapientis">De Constantia Sapientis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Ira" title="De Ira">De Ira</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Otio" title="De Otio">De Otio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Providentia" title="De Providentia">De Providentia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Tranquillitate_Animi" title="De Tranquillitate Animi">De Tranquillitate Animi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Vita_Beata" title="De Vita Beata">De Vita Beata</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistulae_Morales_ad_Lucilium" title="Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium">Letters to Lucilius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consolations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seneca%27s_Consolations" title="Seneca's Consolations">Seneca's Consolations</a> (<i>ad Helviam Matrem, ad Marciam, ad Polybium</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural<br />philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naturales_quaestiones" title="Naturales quaestiones">Naturales quaestiones</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duble_herma_of_Socrates_and_Seneca_Antikensammlung_Berlin_03_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Duble_herma_of_Socrates_and_Seneca_Antikensammlung_Berlin_03_.jpg/150px-Duble_herma_of_Socrates_and_Seneca_Antikensammlung_Berlin_03_.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Duble_herma_of_Socrates_and_Seneca_Antikensammlung_Berlin_03_.jpg/225px-Duble_herma_of_Socrates_and_Seneca_Antikensammlung_Berlin_03_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Duble_herma_of_Socrates_and_Seneca_Antikensammlung_Berlin_03_.jpg/300px-Duble_herma_of_Socrates_and_Seneca_Antikensammlung_Berlin_03_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1862" data-file-height="2311" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extant plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon_(Seneca)" title="Agamemnon (Seneca)">Agamemnon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(Seneca)" title="Hercules (Seneca)">Hercules Furens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medea_(Seneca)" title="Medea (Seneca)">Medea</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oedipus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phaedra_(Seneca)" title="Phaedra (Seneca)">Phaedra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenissae_(Seneca)" title="Phoenissae (Seneca)">Phoenissae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thyestes_(Seneca)" title="Thyestes (Seneca)">Thyestes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troades_(Seneca)" title="Troades (Seneca)">Troades</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays of questionable <br />authorship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Oetaeus" title="Hercules Oetaeus">Hercules Oetaeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Octavia_(play)" title="Octavia (play)">Octavia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apocolocyntosis" title="Apocolocyntosis">Apocolocyntosis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_of_Paul_and_Seneca" title="Correspondence of Paul and Seneca">Letters of Paul and Seneca</a></i> (spurious)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senecan_tragedy" title="Senecan tragedy">Senecan tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portraits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Herm_of_Socrates_and_Seneca" title="Double Herm of Socrates and Seneca">Socrates and Seneca Double Herm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Seneca" title="Pseudo-Seneca">Pseudo-Seneca</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Seneca_(David)" title="The Death of Seneca (David)">The Death of Seneca</a></i> (1773 painting)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Elder" title="Seneca the Elder">Seneca the Elder</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Gallio_Annaeanus" title="Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus">Gallio</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeia_Paulina" title="Pompeia Paulina">Pompeia Paulina</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucan" title="Lucan">Lucan</a> (nephew)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oedipus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oedipus" title="Template:Oedipus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oedipus" title="Template talk:Oedipus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oedipus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oedipus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oedipus" class="vcard" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles and lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theban_kings_in_Greek_mythology" title="Theban kings in Greek mythology">Theban kings in Greek mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a> (biological father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybus_of_Corinth" title="Polybus of Corinth">Polybus of Corinth</a> (adoptive father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merope_(Oedipus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merope (Oedipus)">Merope</a> (adoptive mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocasta" title="Jocasta">Jocasta</a>/Epicaste (biological mother/wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creon_of_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Creon of Thebes">Creon</a> (Jocasta's brother/Laius' successor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigone" title="Antigone">Antigone</a> (half sister/daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocles" title="Eteocles">Eteocles</a> (half brother/son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynices" title="Polynices">Polynices</a> (half brother/son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismene" title="Ismene">Ismene</a> (half sister/daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euryganeia" title="Euryganeia">Euryganeia</a> (2nd wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astymedusa" title="Astymedusa">Astymedusa</a> (later wife)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theban plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Antiquity" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aeschylus: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Against_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Against Thebes">Seven Against Thebes</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Sophocles: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Sophocles_play)" title="Antigone (Sophocles play)">Antigone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex" title="Oedipus Rex">Oedipus Rex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_at_Colonus" title="Oedipus at Colonus">Oedipus at Colonus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Euripides: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Euripides_play)" title="Antigone (Euripides play)">Antigone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_(Euripides)" title="Oedipus (Euripides)">Oedipus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenician_Women" title="The Phoenician Women">The Phoenician Women</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Seneca: <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oedipus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (Oedipus)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_(Dryden_play)" title="Oedipus (Dryden play)">Oedipus</a></i> (Dryden & Lee)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_(Voltaire_play)" title="Oedipus (Voltaire play)">Oedipus</a></i> (Voltaire)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Infernal_Machine_(play)" title="The Infernal Machine (play)">The Infernal Machine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greek_(play)" title="Greek (play)">Greek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_at_Colonus" title="The Gospel at Colonus">The Gospel at Colonus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (Antigone)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Cocteau_play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigone (Cocteau play)">Antigone</a></i> (Cocteau)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Anouilh_play)" title="Antigone (Anouilh play)">Antigone</a></i> (Anouilh)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Burial_at_Thebes" title="The Burial at Thebes">The Burial at Thebes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigona_(Traetta)" title="Antigona (Traetta)"><i>Antigona</i> (Traetta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigona_(Myslive%C4%8Dek)" title="Antigona (Mysliveček)"><i>Antigona</i> (Mysliveček)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%92dipe_%C3%A0_Colone" title="Œdipe à Colone">Œdipe à Colone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_rex_(opera)" title="Oedipus rex (opera)">Oedipus rex</a></i> (Stravinsky)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%92dipe_(opera)" title="Œdipe (opera)">Œdipe</a></i> (Enescu)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greek_(opera)" title="Greek (opera)">Greek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edipo_re_(opera)" title="Edipo re (opera)">Edipo re</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_(opera)" title="Oedipus (opera)">Oedipus</a></i> (Rihm)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(1957_film)" title="Oedipus Rex (1957 film)">Oedipus Rex</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(1961_film)" title="Antigone (1961 film)">Antigone</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(1967_film)" title="Oedipus Rex (1967 film)">Oedipus Rex</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_the_King_(1968_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oedipus the King (1968 film)">Oedipus the King</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Funeral_Parade_of_Roses" title="Funeral Parade of Roses">Funeral Parade of Roses</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Butcher,_Baker,_Nightmare_Maker" title="Butcher, Baker, Nightmare Maker">Night Warning</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_(film)" title="Voyager (film)">Voyager</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Mayor" title="Oedipus Mayor">Oedipus Mayor</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(2019_film)" title="Antigone (2019 film)">Antigone</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipodea" title="Oedipodea">Oedipodea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thebaid_(Latin_poem)" title="Thebaid (Latin poem)">Thebaid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Cycle" title="Theban Cycle">Theban Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille_Stesichorus" title="Lille Stesichorus">Lille Stesichorus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Are_Not_to_Blame" title="The Gods Are Not to Blame">The Gods Are Not to Blame</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Tex" title="Oedipus Tex">Oedipus Tex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Home_Fire_(novel)" title="Home Fire (novel)">Home Fire</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_complex" title="Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_complex" title="Electra complex">Electra complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_Oedipus_complex" title="Feminist views on the Oedipus complex">Feminist views on the Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_and_Oedipus" title="Hamlet and Oedipus">Hamlet and Oedipus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocasta_complex" title="Jocasta complex">Jocasta complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaedra_complex" title="Phaedra complex">Phaedra complex</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_End_(The_Doors_song)" title="The End (The Doors song)">The End</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q972143#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q972143#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q972143#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/297604424">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4355866-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011057480">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12530823s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12530823s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35775427">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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