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Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Europa" title="Portaal:Europa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Portaal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="featured portal badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="بوابة:أوروبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:أوروبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܪܥܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ok%E1%BA%BDndusu:Eur%C3%B3pa" title="Okẽndusu:Európa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Okẽndusu:Európa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Avropa" title="Portal:Avropa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portal:Avropa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Партал:Эўропа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Партал:Эўропа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Европа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Портал:Европа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Evropa" title="Portál:Evropa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portál:Evropa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7:%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B7" title="Πύλη:Ευρώπη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πύλη:Ευρώπη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portalo:E%C5%ADropo" title="Portalo:Eŭropo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Portalo:Eŭropo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87:%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="درگاه:اروپا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه:اروپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Europe" title="Portail:Europe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Europe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Evropa" title="Portal:Evropa – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Portal:Evropa" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Portal:歐洲 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="Portal:歐洲" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC:%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1" title="Պորտալ:Եվրոպա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտալ:Եվրոպա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="प्रवेशद्वार:यूरोप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:यूरोप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Eropa" title="Portal:Eropa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portal:Eropa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:Europa" title="Portale:Europa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portale:Europa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C:%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="פורטל:אירופה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורטל:אירופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapura:%C3%89ropah" title="Gapura:Éropah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gapura:Éropah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98:%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="პორტალი:ევროპა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პორტალი:ევროპა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Еуропа – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Портал:Еуропа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lango:Ulaya" title="Lango:Ulaya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lango:Ulaya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Европа – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Портал:Европа" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikisritis:Europa" title="Vikisritis:Europa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikisritis:Europa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Европа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Портал:Европа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="കവാടം:യൂറോപ്പ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കവാടം:യൂറോപ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Eropah" title="Portal:Eropah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portal:Eropah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D:%E1%80%A5%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95" title="မုခ်ဝ:ဥရောပ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မုခ်ဝ:ဥရောပ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Europa" title="Portaal:Europa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portaal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91" title="Portal:ヨーロッパ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Portal:ヨーロッパ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tema:Europa" title="Tema:Europa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tema:Europa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Европа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портал:Европа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Evropa" title="Portal:Evropa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Portal:Evropa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA:%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BA" title="ද්වාරය:යුරෝපය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්වාරය:යුරෝපය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Yurub" title="Portal:Yurub – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Portal:Yurub" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="دەروازە:ئەورووپا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەروازە:ئەورووپا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Европа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Портал:Европа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teemasivu:Eurooppa" title="Teemasivu:Eurooppa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teemasivu:Eurooppa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europa" title="Portal:Europa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portal:Europa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B" title="สถานีย่อย:ทวีปยุโรป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานีย่อย:ทวีปยุโรป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Avrupa" title="Portal:Avrupa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portal:Avrupa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Портал:Європа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Портал:Європа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE" title="باب:یورپ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باب:یورپ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porta%C5%82e:Eoropa" title="Portałe:Eoropa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Portałe:Eoropa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%95ng_th%C3%B4ng_tin:Ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u" title="Cổng thông tin:Châu Âu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cổng thông tin:Châu Âu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Portal:Europe" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Ewropa" title="Portal:Ewropa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Portal:Ewropa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" 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#a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/30px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/45px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/60px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><span style="font-size:108%;"><b>Portal maintenance status:</b></span> <small>(February 2020)</small> <ul><li>This portal's <a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:Europe/" title="Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:Europe/">subpages</a> <b>have been checked</b> by an editor, and are needed.</li></ul> <span style="font-size:90%;">Please <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CAREFUL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CAREFUL">take care</a> when editing, especially if using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ASSISTED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ASSISTED">automated editing software</a>. Learn how to <a href="/wiki/Template:Portal_maintenance_status#How_to_update_the_maintenance_information_for_a_portal" title="Template:Portal maintenance status">update the maintenance information here</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r888483065">.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left{float:left;width:50%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right{float:right;width:49%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-wide{float:left;width:60%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-narrow{float:right;width:39%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-extra-wide{float:left;width:70%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:right;width:29%}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-wide,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-narrow,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-extra-wide,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:inherit;width:inherit}}</style><p><span class="anchor" id="portals-browsebar"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style></p><div class="hlist noprint" style="text-align: center"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal topics</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Human_activities" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Activities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Culture_and_the_arts" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Geography_and_places" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Geography</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Health_and_fitness" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Health</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#History_and_events" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Mathematics_and_logic" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Mathematics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Natural_and_physical_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#People_and_self" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">People</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Philosophy_and_thinking" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Philosophy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Religion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></dd></dl> </div> <div style="padding:10px; background:#1e3d7d; border:1px solid #3E88C7;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_Portal_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="border=#000000"><img alt="border=#000000" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Europe_Portal_logo.svg/525px-Europe_Portal_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="525" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Europe_Portal_logo.svg/788px-Europe_Portal_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Europe_Portal_logo.svg/1050px-Europe_Portal_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="78" /></a></span></div> <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 .3em; background-color:#f9f9ff; border:1px solid black; color: black; padding: .1em; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 2px; word-spacing:3px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1; text-align:center;" width="32%"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Main</a></i> </td> <td style="background-color:#1e3d7d; border-bottom:1px solid black" width="2%">  </td> <td style="padding:0 .3em; background-color:#5D8ACF; border:1px solid black; color: black; padding: .1em; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 2px; word-spacing:3px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1; text-align:center;" width="32%"><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe/Geography" title="Portal:Europe/Geography">Geography</a></i> </td> <td style="background-color:#1e3d7d; border-bottom:1px solid black" width="2%">  </td> <td style="padding:0 .3em; background-color:#5D8ACF; border:1px solid black; color: black; padding: .1em; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 2px; word-spacing:3px; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1; text-align:center;" width="32%"><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe/Projects" title="Portal:Europe/Projects">Projects</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="display: block; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top; background: #f9f9ff; color: black; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 1em; margin-top: 0em; padding-top: .3em;"> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent; margin:.7em" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="float:right;margin-left:1em"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Copenhagen_Collage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Copenhagen is the capital and most populated city of Denmark."><img alt="Copenhagen is the capital and most populated city of Denmark." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Copenhagen_Collage.jpg/300px-Copenhagen_Collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Copenhagen_Collage.jpg/450px-Copenhagen_Collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Copenhagen_Collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /> </p> </div> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Europe</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> located entirely in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a> and mostly in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a>. It comprises the westernmost peninsulas of the continental landmass of <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>, and is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a> to the north, the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> to the south, and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> to the east. Europe is commonly considered to be <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_continents#Europe_and_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Borders of the continents">separated from Asia</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Drainage_divide" title="Drainage divide">watershed</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ural_(river)" title="Ural (river)">Ural River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Caucasus" title="Greater Caucasus">Greater Caucasus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, and the waterways of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Straits">Turkish Straits</a>. Although much of this border is over land, Europe is generally accorded the status of a full continent because of its great physical size and the weight of history and tradition. </p><p>Europe covers about 10,180,000 km<sup>2</sup> (3,930,000 sq mi), or 2% of the Earth's surface (6.8% of land area), making it the second smallest continent (using the <a href="/wiki/Continent#Number" title="Continent">seven-continent model</a>). Politically, Europe is divided into about <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Europe" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe">fifty sovereign states</a>, of which <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_area" title="List of European countries by area">largest</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="European countries by population">most populous</a>, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Europe" title="Demographics of Europe">total population</a> of about 741 million (about 11% of the <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">world population</a>), as of 2018. The <a href="/wiki/European_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="European climate">European climate</a> is largely affected by warm Atlantic currents that temper winters and summers on much of the continent, even at <a href="/wiki/Latitudes" class="mw-redirect" title="Latitudes">latitudes</a> along which the climate in Asia and <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> is severe. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast. </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Europe" title="History of Europe">history of Europe</a></b> concerns itself with the discovery and collection, the study, organization and presentation and the interpretation of past events and affairs of the people of Europe since the beginning of written records. During the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic era</a> and the time of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_migrations" title="Indo-European migrations">Indo-European migrations</a>, Europe saw human inflows from east and southeast and subsequent important cultural and material exchange. The period known as <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a> began with the emergence of the city-states of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>. Later, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> came to dominate the entire <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean basin</a>. The fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476 traditionally marks the start of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. Beginning in the 14th century a <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology. Simultaneously, the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> set up Protestant churches primarily in Germany, Scandinavia and England. After 1800, the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> brought prosperity to Britain and Western Europe. The main European powers set up colonies in most of the Americas and Africa, and parts of Asia. In the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> resulted in massive numbers of deaths. The <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> dominated European geo-politics from 1947 to 1989. After the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a>, the European countries grew together. </p> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Europe" title="History of Europe">More about the history of Europe...</a></b> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Europe" title="Culture of Europe">culture of Europe</a></b> is rooted in the <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a>, different types of <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic">economic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> that originated from the continent of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. European culture is largely rooted in what is often referred to as its "common cultural <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">heritage</a>". </p> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Europe" title="Culture of Europe">More about the culture of Europe...</a></b> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Europe" title="Economy of Europe">economy of Europe</a></b> comprises more than 744 million people in 50 countries. The formation of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) and in 1999, the introduction of a unified currency, the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a>, brings participating European countries closer through the convenience of a shared currency and has led to a stronger European cash flow. The difference in wealth across Europe can be seen roughly in former Cold War divide, with some countries breaching the divide (<a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>). Whilst most European states have a <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP per capita</a> higher than the world's average and are <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">very highly developed</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>), some European economies, despite their position over the world's average in the <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>, are poorer. </p> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Europe" title="Economy of Europe">More about the economy of Europe...</a></b></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div style="margin:0 auto 10px auto; width:40%; min-width:320px; border: solid 1px black; background-color: white;border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75);"><div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Europe&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>Refresh with new selections below (purge)</b></span></a></span></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996214246">.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{clear:both;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{float:left;width:50%;min-width:360px;padding:0 0.5em;box-sizing:border-box;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}@media screen and (max-width:393px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{min-width:0}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:first-child{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:last-child{padding-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div{flex:1 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div.flex-columns-noflex{flex:0}</style><div class="flex-columns-container"><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#4675b8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:3px 3px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Featured_article_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Featured article - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Europe&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:3px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F9FCFF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <p>During <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of the Soviet Union">its 69-year history</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> usually had a <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> leader who would not always necessarily be <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> or even <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> but would lead while holding an office such as <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party General Secretary</a>. Under the <a href="/wiki/1977_Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union">1977 Constitution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union">chairman of the Council of Ministers</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. The office of the chairman of the Council of Ministers was comparable to a <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a> whereas the office of the chairman of the Presidium was comparable to a <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">president</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">ideology of Vladimir Lenin</a>, the head of the Soviet state was a collegiate body of the <a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">vanguard party</a> (as described in <i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_to_Be_Done%3F" title="What Is to Be Done?">What Is to Be Done?</a></i>). </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rise_of_Joseph_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rise of Joseph Stalin">consolidation of power</a> in the 1920s, the post of the general secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Committee of the Communist Party</a> became synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union, because the post controlled both the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party</a> and, via party membership, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Government of the Soviet Union">Soviet government</a>. Often the general secretary also held high positions in the government. The post of general secretary lacked clear guidelines of succession, so after the death or removal of a Soviet leader the successor needed the support of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Political Bureau</a> (Politburo), the Central Committee, or another government or party apparatus to both take and stay in power. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="President of the Soviet Union">President of the Soviet Union</a>, an office created in March 1990, replaced the general secretary as the highest Soviet political office. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of leaders of the Soviet Union">Full article...</a></b>)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of Featured articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Baroque" title="Sicilian Baroque">Sicilian Baroque</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bal_des_Ardents" title="Bal des Ardents">Bal des Ardents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gibraltar" title="History of Gibraltar">History of Gibraltar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Gediminas" title="Family of Gediminas">Family of Gediminas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Stink" title="Great Stink">Great Stink</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Queluz" title="Palace of Queluz">Palace of Queluz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/IFK_G%C3%B6teborg" title="IFK Göteborg">IFK Göteborg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights" title="The Garden of Earthly Delights">The Garden of Earthly Delights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vasa_(ship)" title="Vasa (ship)">Vasa (ship)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_the_Birds_of_Europe" title="A History of the Birds of Europe">A History of the Birds of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ireland" title="Geography of Ireland">Geography of Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Goldcrest" title="Goldcrest">Goldcrest</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_hare" title="European hare">European hare</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C._in_European_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool F.C. in European football">Liverpool F.C. in European football</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2008_World_Series_of_Poker_Europe" title="2008 World Series of Poker Europe">2008 World Series of Poker Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_political_system" title="List of European Union member states by political system">List of European Union member states by political system</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_Golden_Shoe" title="European Golden Shoe">European Golden Shoe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(terminology)" title="Macedonia (terminology)">Macedonia (terminology)</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#4675b8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:3px 3px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Featured_location_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Featured location - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Europe&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:3px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F9FCFF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Into_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-0455M_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Into_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-0455M_edit.jpg/220px-Into_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-0455M_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Into_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-0455M_edit.jpg/330px-Into_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-0455M_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Into_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-0455M_edit.jpg/440px-Into_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-0455M_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2963" data-file-height="2385" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Jaws_of_Death" title="Into the Jaws of Death">Into the Jaws of Death</a></i>: Troops from the <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Division (United States)">U.S. 1st Infantry Division</a> landing on Omaha, as photographed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Sargent" title="Robert F. Sargent">Robert F. Sargent</a></div></div></div></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Beach" title="Omaha Beach">Omaha Beach</a></b> was one of five beach landing sectors of the amphibious assault component of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. </p><p>On June 6, 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> invaded <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">German-occupied France</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a>. "Omaha" refers to an 8-kilometer (5 mi) section of the coast of <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, France, facing the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>, from east of <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Honorine-des-Pertes" title="Sainte-Honorine-des-Pertes">Sainte-Honorine-des-Pertes</a> to west of <a href="/wiki/Vierville-sur-Mer" title="Vierville-sur-Mer">Vierville-sur-Mer</a> on the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Douve" title="Douve">Douve</a> river estuary. Landings here were necessary to link the British landings to the east at <a href="/wiki/Gold_Beach" title="Gold Beach">Gold</a> with the American landing to the west at <a href="/wiki/Utah_Beach" title="Utah Beach">Utah</a>, thus providing a continuous <a href="/wiki/Lodgement" title="Lodgement">lodgement</a> on the Normandy coast of the <a href="/wiki/Baie_de_Seine" title="Baie de Seine">Baie de Seine</a> (Bay of the Seine river). Taking Omaha was to be the responsibility of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> troops, with sea transport, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_in_Omaha_Bombardment_Group" title="List of ships in Omaha Bombardment Group">a naval bombardment force</a> provided predominantly by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a>, with contributions from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Canadian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Naval_Forces" title="Free French Naval Forces">Free French</a> navies. (<b><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Beach" title="Omaha Beach">Full article...</a></b>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598"> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of featured locations</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shapinsay" title="Shapinsay">Shapinsay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath, Somerset</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wormshill" title="Wormshill">Wormshill</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mendip_Hills" title="Mendip Hills">Mendip Hills</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surtsey" title="Surtsey">Surtsey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Postman%27s_Park" title="Postman's Park">Postman's Park</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Scotland" title="St Kilda, Scotland">St Kilda, Scotland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Titchwell_Marsh" title="Titchwell Marsh">Titchwell Marsh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Portland" title="Isle of Portland">Isle of Portland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Trafford_Park" title="Trafford Park">Trafford Park</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Trafford" title="Trafford">Trafford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Weymouth,_Dorset" title="Weymouth, Dorset">Weymouth, Dorset</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Titchwell_Marsh" title="Titchwell Marsh">Titchwell Marsh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cley_Marshes" title="Cley Marshes">Cley Marshes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_German_border" title="Inner German border">Inner German border</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigsburg_Palace" title="Ludwigsburg Palace">Ludwigsburg Palace</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Marciana" title="Biblioteca Marciana">Biblioteca Marciana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Palace_of_Monaco" title="Prince's Palace of Monaco">Prince's Palace of Monaco</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#4675b8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:3px 3px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AEurope%2FFeatured_portrait%2F15&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Featured_portrait" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Featured portrait</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:3px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F9FCFF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding:4px; background:white; border:3px solid #EAF1FE"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victor Hugo"><img alt="Victor Hugo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg/300px-Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg/450px-Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg/600px-Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2140" data-file-height="2632" /></a><figcaption>Victor Hugo</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding:0; margin:0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td width="33%"><div style="text-align: center;"><small>Credit: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Carjat" title="Étienne Carjat">Étienne Carjat</a></small></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a></b> (1802–1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic movement">Romantic movement</a> who is considered one of the greatest and best-known French writers. He is recognized for his poetry, including <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Les_Contemplations" title="Les Contemplations">Les Contemplations</a></i></span></i> and <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%A9gende_des_si%C3%A8cles" title="La Légende des siècles">La Légende des siècles</a></i></span></i>, as well as the novels <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame" title="The Hunchback of Notre-Dame">The Hunchback of Notre-Dame</a></i> (1831) and <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables" title="Les Misérables">Les Misérables</a></i></span></i> (1862). Though a committed <a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">royalist</a> when he was young, Hugo later changed his views and became a passionate supporter of <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republicanism</a>; his work touches upon most of the political and social issues and the artistic trends of his time. His legacy has been honoured in many ways; for some years <a href="/wiki/File:France_5_Nouveaux_Francs_1959._VF-_Banknote.jpg" title="File:France 5 Nouveaux Francs 1959. VF- Banknote.jpg">his portrait</a> appeared on the 5-<a href="/wiki/French_franc#Banknotes" title="French franc">franc</a> banknote.</div> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding:0; margin:0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe/Featured_portrait" title="Portal:Europe/Featured portrait">More featured portraits</a></b></div></td> <td> <div style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Read more . . . </a></b> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#4675b8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:3px 3px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AEurope%2FEurope_news&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="In_the_News" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">In the News</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:3px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F9FCFF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikinews has news related to: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Europe" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Category:Europe">Europe</a> </b></i> </div></div></div> </div> <dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">14 February 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></b></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Crimea_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Crimea attacks (2022–present)">Crimea attacks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> claims to have <a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">sunk</a> the <a href="/wiki/Russian_ship_Tsezar_Kunikov" title="Russian ship Tsezar Kunikov">Russian ship <i>Tsezar Kunikov</i></a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Katsiveli" title="Katsiveli">Katsiveli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>. A video appears to show the vessel being struck with <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_surface_vehicle" title="Unmanned surface vehicle">unmanned surface drones</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svoboda.org/a/ukraina-nanesla-udar-po-rossiyskomu-desantnomu-korablyu-tsezarj-kunikov-/32818938.html">(<i>Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</i>)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">13 February 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Estonia–Russia relations">Estonia–Russia relations</a></b></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Prime Minister of Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaja_Kallas" title="Kaja Kallas">Kaja Kallas</a>, is reportedly placed on the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Interior_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Interior Ministry">Russian Interior Ministry</a>'s register of wanted people due to the <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">country's</a> removal of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_War_Memorials" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet War Memorials">Soviet War Memorials</a>, making Kallas the first known government leader to be added to a wanted list by <a href="/wiki/Russian_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian authorities">Russian authorities</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/13/russia-puts-estonian-prime-minister-kaja-kallas-on-wanted-list">(<i>The Guardian</i>)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">12 February 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></b></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Israel–Netherlands relations">Israel–Netherlands relations</a></dd> <dd>A <a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice_system_of_the_Netherlands" title="Criminal justice system of the Netherlands">Dutch appeals court</a> orders a suspension of exports of <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">F-35 jet</a> parts to Israel within the next seven days over concerns that the aircraft parts are being used to commit <a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes" title="Israeli war crimes">serious violations of international humanitarian law</a>. <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a> says that the government will appeal the suspension. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/dutch-court-orders-halt-export-f-35-jet-parts-israel-2024-02-12/">(Reuters)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">12 February 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Israel–United Kingdom relations">Israel–United Kingdom relations</a></b></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> announces sanctions against four <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlements">Israeli settlers</a> for engaging in <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">extremist violence</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> in the occupied-<a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/12/uk-announces-sanctions-on-four-extremist-israeli-settlers">(Al Jazeera)</a></dd></dl> <p><small>Updated: 16:33, 14 February 2024</small> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#4675b8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:3px 3px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AEurope%2FCategories&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Categories" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Categories</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:3px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F9FCFF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <p><span style="float:right;margin-left:0.9em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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data-ct-loaded="1" aria-expanded="true"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Countries_in_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_in_Europe" title="Category:Countries in Europe">Countries in Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Dependent_territories_in_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Dependent_territories_in_Europe" title="Category:Dependent territories in Europe">Dependent territories in Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Regions_of_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_Europe" title="Category:Regions of Europe">Regions of Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Europe-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Europe-related_lists" title="Category:Europe-related lists">Europe-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Works_about_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_about_Europe" title="Category:Works about Europe">Works about Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Buildings_and_structures_in_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Europe" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Europe">Buildings and structures in Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Culture_of_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Europe" title="Category:Culture of Europe">Culture of Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Economy_of_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Europe" title="Category:Economy of Europe">Economy of Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Education_in_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Europe" title="Category:Education in Europe">Education in Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Environment_of_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Europe" title="Category:Environment of Europe">Environment of Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Geography_of_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Europe" title="Category:Geography of Europe">Geography of Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Government_in_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_in_Europe" title="Category:Government in Europe">Government in Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Health_in_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_Europe" title="Category:Health in Europe">Health in Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="History_of_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Europe" title="Category:History of Europe">History of Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Organizations_based_in_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Europe" title="Category:Organizations based in Europe">Organizations based in Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Politics_of_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Europe" title="Category:Politics of Europe">Politics of Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Society_of_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Europe" title="Category:Society of Europe">Society of Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Images_of_Europe" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Europe" title="Category:Images of Europe">Images of Europe</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Europe_stubs" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Europe_stubs" title="Category:Europe stubs">Europe stubs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#4675b8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:3px 3px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Featured_biography_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Featured biography - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Europe&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:3px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F9FCFF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Isabelle_Eberhardt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Isabelle_Eberhardt.jpg/220px-Isabelle_Eberhardt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Isabelle_Eberhardt.jpg/330px-Isabelle_Eberhardt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Isabelle_Eberhardt.jpg/440px-Isabelle_Eberhardt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="1151" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Eberhardt in 1895 photographed<br />by Louis David</div></div></div></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Eberhardt" title="Isabelle Eberhardt">Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt</a></b> (17 February 1877 – 21 October 1904) was a <a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss</a> explorer and author. As a teenager, Eberhardt, educated in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> by her father, published short stories under a male <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a>. She became interested in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, and was considered a proficient writer on the subject despite learning about the region only through correspondence. After an invitation from photographer Louis David, Eberhardt moved to <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">Algeria</a> in May 1897. She dressed as a man and converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, eventually adopting the name <b>Si Mahmoud Saadi</b>. Eberhardt's unorthodox behaviour made her an <a href="/wiki/Outcast_(person)" title="Outcast (person)">outcast</a> among European settlers in Algeria and the <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria#Government_and_administration" title="French Algeria">French administration</a>. </p><p>Eberhardt's acceptance by the <a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya" title="Qadiriyya">Qadiriyya</a>, an Islamic order, convinced the French administration that she was a spy or an agitator. She survived an assassination attempt shortly thereafter. In 1901, the French administration ordered her to leave Algeria, but she was allowed to return the following year after marrying her partner, the Algerian soldier Slimane Ehnni. Following her return, Eberhardt wrote for a newspaper published by Victor Barrucand and worked for General <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Lyautey" title="Hubert Lyautey">Hubert Lyautey</a>. In 1904, at the age of 27, she was killed by a <a href="/wiki/Flash_flood" title="Flash flood">flash flood</a> in <a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_S%C3%A9fra" title="Aïn Séfra">Aïn Séfra</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Eberhardt" title="Isabelle Eberhardt">Full article...</a></b>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598"> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of Featured biographies</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Olga_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia">Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87" title="Vesna Vulović">Vesna Vulović</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I of Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pavle_%C4%90uri%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Pavle Đurišić">Pavle Đurišić</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Vrba" title="Rudolf Vrba">Rudolf Vrba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Needham" title="Elizabeth Needham">Elizabeth Needham</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Josquin_des_Prez" title="Josquin des Prez">Josquin des Prez</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Fauré">Gabriel Fauré</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bizet" title="Georges Bizet">Georges Bizet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Adele_Spitzeder" title="Adele Spitzeder">Adele Spitzeder</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Ehlers" title="Jürgen Ehlers">Jürgen Ehlers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sergo_Ordzhonikidze" title="Sergo Ordzhonikidze">Sergo Ordzhonikidze</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Blanchard" title="Sophie Blanchard">Sophie Blanchard</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Martyr_Vermigli" title="Peter Martyr Vermigli">Peter Martyr Vermigli</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sergo_Ordzhonikidze" title="Sergo Ordzhonikidze">Sergo Ordzhonikidze</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Lakoba" title="Nestor Lakoba">Nestor Lakoba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Meinhard_Michael_Moser" title="Meinhard Michael Moser">Meinhard Michael Moser</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocrates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Emmy_Noether" title="Emmy Noether">Emmy Noether</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Rejewski" title="Marian Rejewski">Marian Rejewski</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Bedřich Smetana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#4675b8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:3px 3px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AEurope%2FFeatured_picture%2F4&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Featured_picture" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Featured picture</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:3px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F9FCFF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding:4px; background:white; border:3px solid #EAF1FE"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Widok_na_Perast_z_zachodu_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Perast"><img alt="Perast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Widok_na_Perast_z_zachodu_01.JPG/300px-Widok_na_Perast_z_zachodu_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Widok_na_Perast_z_zachodu_01.JPG/450px-Widok_na_Perast_z_zachodu_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Widok_na_Perast_z_zachodu_01.JPG/600px-Widok_na_Perast_z_zachodu_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4457" data-file-height="3004" /></a><figcaption>Perast</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding:0; margin:0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td width="33%"><div style="text-align: center;"><small>Credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Halavar" title="User:Halavar">Halavar</a></small></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Perast" title="Perast">Perast</a></b> is an old town on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kotor" title="Bay of Kotor">Bay of Kotor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>. It is situated a few kilometres northwest of <a href="/wiki/Kotor" title="Kotor">Kotor</a> and is noted for its proximity to the islets of <a href="/wiki/Sveti_%C4%90or%C4%91e_Island" title="Sveti Đorđe Island">St. George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Rocks" title="Our Lady of the Rocks">Our Lady of the Rocks</a>.</div> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding:0; margin:0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe/Featured_picture" title="Portal:Europe/Featured picture">More featured pictures</a></b></div></td> <td> <div style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Perast" title="Perast">Read more . . . </a></b> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#4675b8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:3px 3px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AEurope%2FRelated_portals&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Related_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related portals</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:3px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F9FCFF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/25px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/25px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/25px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/25px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_America" title="Portal:Latin America">Latin America</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/27px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/41px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/54px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/27px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/41px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/54px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_%28Infobox%29.svg/24px-Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_%28Infobox%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_%28Infobox%29.svg/36px-Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_%28Infobox%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_%28Infobox%29.svg/48px-Wiki_Eurovision_Heart_%28Infobox%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="131" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Portal:Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/25px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/50px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/25px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/38px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/50px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <p><b>Major Religions in Europe</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/27px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/41px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/54px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/24px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/36px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/48px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <p><b>Northern Europe</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/27px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/41px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/54px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Denmark" title="Portal:Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Estonia" title="Portal:Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/27px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Faroe_Islands" title="Portal:Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/27px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/41px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/54px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Finland" title="Portal:Finland">Finland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/27px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/41px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/54px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iceland" title="Portal:Iceland">Iceland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latvia" title="Portal:Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/27px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/41px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/54px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lithuania" title="Portal:Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/27px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/54px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Norway" title="Portal:Norway">Norway</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/27px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/41px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/54px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sweden" title="Portal:Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div> <p><b>Western Europe</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/27px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/41px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/54px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Andorra" title="Portal:Andorra">Andorra</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/27px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/41px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/54px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Belgium" title="Portal:Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/27px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/41px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/54px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/27px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/41px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/54px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/27px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/41px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/54px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Luxembourg" title="Portal:Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/27px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/41px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/54px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Monaco" title="Portal:Monaco">Monaco</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/27px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Netherlands" title="Portal:Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/27px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div> <p><b>Central Europe</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/27px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/41px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/54px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Austria" title="Portal:Austria">Austria</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/27px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Czech_Republic" title="Portal:Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/27px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/41px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/54px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/27px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/41px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/54px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hungary" title="Portal:Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/27px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/41px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/54px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poland" title="Portal:Poland">Poland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Slovakia" title="Portal:Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/25px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/50px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul></div> <p><b>Eastern Europe, Balkans and Caucasus</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/27px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/41px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/54px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Azerbaijan" title="Portal:Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/27px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/41px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/54px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Belarus" title="Portal:Belarus">Belarus</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/27px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/41px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/54px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Portal:Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/27px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/41px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/54px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bulgaria" title="Portal:Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Georgia" class="mw-disambig" title="Portal:Georgia">Georgia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/27px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/41px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/54px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Moldova" title="Portal:Moldova">Moldova</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/27px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/41px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/54px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Macedonia" title="Portal:North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/27px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/41px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/54px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Romania" title="Portal:Romania">Romania</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Serbia" title="Portal:Serbia">Serbia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Slovenia" title="Portal:Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/27px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/41px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/54px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul></div> <p><b>Southern Europe</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/27px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/41px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/54px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cyprus" title="Portal:Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/27px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/41px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/54px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gibraltar" title="Portal:Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/27px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/41px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/54px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Greece" title="Portal:Greece">Greece</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/27px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/41px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/54px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/27px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/41px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/54px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malta" title="Portal:Malta">Malta</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/27px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/41px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/54px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portugal" title="Portal:Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/27px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/41px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/54px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/27px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/41px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/54px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Turkey</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#4675b8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:3px 3px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AEurope%2FFeatured_panorama%2F17&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Featured_panorama" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Featured panorama</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:3px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F9FCFF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding:4px; background:white; border:3px solid #EAF1FE"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_Airport_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Composite image showing multiple stages of a Monarch Airbus A320 aircraft taking off from the Gibraltar Airport (GIB/LXGB)."><img alt="Composite image showing multiple stages of a Monarch Airbus A320 aircraft taking off from the Gibraltar Airport (GIB/LXGB)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gibraltar_Airport_panorama.jpg/850px-Gibraltar_Airport_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="850" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gibraltar_Airport_panorama.jpg/1275px-Gibraltar_Airport_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gibraltar_Airport_panorama.jpg/1700px-Gibraltar_Airport_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11054" data-file-height="1621" /></a><figcaption>Composite image showing multiple stages of a Monarch Airbus A320 aircraft taking off from the Gibraltar Airport (GIB/LXGB).</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding:0; margin:0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td width="33%"><div style="text-align: center;"><small>Credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Nervousenergy" title="User:Nervousenergy">Michael F. Mehnert</a></small></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="text-align: center;">A <a href="/wiki/Time-lapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Time-lapse">time-lapse</a> <a href="/wiki/Photomontage" title="Photomontage">photomontage</a> showing multiple stages of a <a href="/wiki/Monarch_Airlines" title="Monarch Airlines">Monarch Airlines</a> <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320">Airbus A320</a> aircraft <a href="/wiki/Takeoff" title="Takeoff">taking off</a> (moving right-to-left) from <b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar Airport">Gibraltar Airport</a></b>, located at the northern end of Gibraltar in <a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_the_isthmus_between_Gibraltar_and_Spain" title="Disputed status of the isthmus between Gibraltar and Spain">disputed territory</a>. Also visible in the center is <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_Avenue,_Gibraltar" title="Winston Churchill Avenue, Gibraltar">Winston Churchill Avenue</a>, the only street joining Gibraltar to Spain. As can be seen, the road intersects the airport runway, so consequently it has to be closed every time a plane lands or departs.</div> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding:0; margin:0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe/Featured_panorama" title="Portal:Europe/Featured panorama">More featured panoramas</a></b></div></td> <td> <div style="text-align:right; margin-right:10px; margin-bottom:0px"><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar Airport">Read more . . . </a></b> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#4675b8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:3px 3px 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Europe_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topics" title="Template:Europe topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topics" title="Template talk:Europe topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Europe_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Europe" title="Outline of Europe">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Europe" title="History of Europe">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_European_history" title="Bibliography of European history">Bibliography of European history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Europe" title="Prehistoric Europe">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Classical antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_Europe" title="Early modern Europe">Early modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Europaea" title="Pax Europaea">Pax Europaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_situations_and_unrest_in_Europe_since_2000" title="Crisis situations and unrest in Europe since 2000">Crisis situations and unrest since 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant (2020–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Europe" title="Military history of Europe">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_date_of_formation#Europe" title="List of sovereign states by date of formation">Sovereignty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_predecessors_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe" title="List of predecessors of sovereign states in Europe">predecessor states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Europe" title="Geography of Europe">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_and_population_of_European_countries" title="Area and population of European countries">Areas and populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_area" title="List of European countries by area">Countries by area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_microstates" title="European microstates">European microstates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Europe" title="List of metropolitan areas in Europe">Largest metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cities_in_Europe" title="Lists of cities in Europe">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Europe" title="Climate of Europe">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Europe" title="Climate change in Europe">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Europe" title="Extreme points of Europe">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Europe" title="Geology of Europe">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Europe" title="List of islands of Europe">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes#Europe" title="List of lakes">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#Europe" title="List of mountain ranges">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Europe" title="Regions of Europe">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Europe" title="List of rivers of Europe">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Europe" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe">Sovereign states and dependent territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Europe#Population_by_country" title="Demographics of Europe">by population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Europe" title="List of villages in Europe">Villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Europe" title="Politics of Europe">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurosphere" title="Eurosphere">Eurosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_membership_in_international_organisations" title="List of European countries by membership in international organisations">International organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_in_Europe" title="Law in Europe">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">Post-Soviet Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_relations" title="Transatlantic relations">Transatlantic relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Intergovernmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe (CoE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community (EPC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUAM_Organization_for_Democracy_and_Economic_Development" title="GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development">GUAM Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Balkan" title="Open Balkan">Open Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_statistics" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe statistics">statistics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union" title="Economy of the European Union">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third-country_economic_relationships_with_the_European_Union" title="Third-country economic relationships with the European Union">relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_the_European_Union" title="Free trade agreements of the European Union">free trade agreements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_policies_and_initiatives_of_the_European_Union" title="Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area (EEA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronest_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euronest Parliamentary Assembly">Euronest Parliamentary Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">European Union Customs Union (EUCU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">enlargement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area" title="Visa policy of the Schengen Area">Visa policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_statistics" title="European Union statistics">Statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Europe" title="Economy of Europe">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Europe_(1000_AD%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of Europe (1000 AD–present)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_and_social_rankings_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe" title="Financial and social rankings of sovereign states in Europe">Financial (and social) rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_areas_in_Europe" title="Free trade areas in Europe">Free trade areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Europe" title="Energy in Europe">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_European_Union" title="Telecommunications in the European Union">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Europe" title="Transport in Europe">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Intergovernmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement">Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Union_of_the_Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Customs Union (EACU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Community" title="Eurasian Economic Community">Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">European Free Trade Association (EFTA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Sovereign states by</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of European countries by average wage">Average wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_budget_revenues" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by budget revenues">Budget revenues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_budget_revenues_per_capita" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by budget revenues per capita">per capita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)">GDP (nominal)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal) per capita">per capita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (PPP)">GDP (PPP)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (PPP) per capita">per capita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_GNI_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by GNI (nominal) per capita">GNI (nominal) per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_GNI_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by GNI (PPP) per capita">GNI (PPP) per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by Human Development Index">HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_number_of_Internet_users" title="List of European countries by number of Internet users">Internet users (%)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_minimum_wage" title="List of European countries by minimum wage">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_Press_Freedom_Index" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by Press Freedom Index">Press Freedom Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by unemployment rate">Unemployment rate (%)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_countries_by_health_expense_per_person" title="European countries by health expense per person">Health expense per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_countries_by_military_expenditure_as_a_percentage_of_government_expenditure" title="European countries by military expenditure as a percentage of government expenditure">Military spending (%)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_countries_by_percentage_of_urban_population" title="European countries by percentage of urban population">Urban population (%)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_countries_by_electricity_consumption_per_person" title="European countries by electricity consumption per person">Electricity use per capita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Europe" title="Category:Society of Europe">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_consent_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ages of consent in Europe">Ages of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Europe" title="Etiquette in Europe">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_and_social_rankings_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe" title="Financial and social rankings of sovereign states in Europe">Social (and financial) rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_languages_in_Europe" title="List of endangered languages in Europe">endangered</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_tattooing_in_European_countries" title="Legal status of tattooing in European countries">Tattooing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_European_universities" title="History of European universities">Universities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Programme" title="Erasmus Programme">Erasmus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Europe" title="Culture of Europe">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Europe" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture#Europe" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">Capital of Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_festivals_in_Europe" title="List of film festivals in Europe">film festivals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_dances" title="European dances">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_literature" title="Western literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Europe" title="Christianity in Europe">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Europe" title="Islam in Europe">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Europe" title="History of the Jews in Europe">Judaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Europe" title="Sport in Europe">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Europe" title="Symbols of Europe">Symbols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Europe" title="Armorial of Europe">Armorial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Europe" title="Flags of Europe">Flags</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Europe" title="Demographics of Europe">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageing_of_Europe" title="Ageing of Europe">Ageing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_countries_by_percent_of_population_aged_0-14" title="European countries by percent of population aged 0-14">Childhood population (%)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">Ethnic groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Europe" title="Genetic history of Europe">genetic history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Europe" title="Immigration to Europe">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of European countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_regions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of European regions by life expectancy">by region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retirement_in_Europe" title="Retirement in Europe">Retirement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Europe" title="Outline of Europe">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Europe" title="Outline of Europe">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Category</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maps_of_present-day_countries_and_dependencies" title="Maps of present-day countries and dependencies">Maps</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#4675b8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:3px 3px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AEurope%2FEurope_Wikimedia&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:3px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F9FCFF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Europe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Europe" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Europe">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Europe">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Europe">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Europe">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Europe">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Europe">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/35px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/53px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/70px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Europe">Wikispecies</a></span><br />Directory of species</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Europe">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Special:Search/Europe">Wikivoyage</a></span><br />Free travel guide</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Europe" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Europe">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#4675b8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:3px 3px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="More_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">More portals</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:3px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F9FCFF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/70px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Random_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/35px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/53px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/70px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/35px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/53px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/70px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Portals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals">WikiProject Portals</a></span></div> </li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_portals" title="Category:All portals">All portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Europe_portal" title="Category:Europe portal">Europe portal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_portals" title="Category:European portals">European portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portals_by_continent" title="Category:Portals by continent">Portals by continent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portals_with_triaged_subpages_from_February_2020" title="Category:Portals with triaged subpages from February 2020">Portals with triaged subpages from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_portals_with_triaged_subpages" title="Category:All portals with triaged subpages">All portals with triaged subpages</a></li><li><a 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