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</button> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_of_citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Automatic_Acquisition_of_Italian_Citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automatic_Acquisition_of_Italian_Citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Automatic Acquisition of Italian Citizenship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automatic_Acquisition_of_Italian_Citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_through_Application" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_through_Application"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Acquisition through Application</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_through_Application-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citizenship_through_Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizenship_through_Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Citizenship through Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizenship_through_Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naturalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naturalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Naturalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naturalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attribution_of_citizenship_through_jus_sanguinis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attribution_of_citizenship_through_jus_sanguinis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Attribution of citizenship through <i>jus sanguinis</i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attribution_of_citizenship_through_jus_sanguinis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Attribution of citizenship through <i>jus sanguinis</i> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attribution_of_citizenship_through_jus_sanguinis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Practical_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Practical_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Practical effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Practical_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_history_of_Italian_citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_history_of_Italian_citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legislative history of Italian citizenship</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legislative_history_of_Italian_citizenship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legislative history of Italian citizenship subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legislative_history_of_Italian_citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Statuto_Albertino_of_1848" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Statuto_Albertino_of_1848"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>The Statuto Albertino of 1848</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Statuto_Albertino_of_1848-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1865_Civil_Code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1865_Civil_Code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1865 Civil Code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1865_Civil_Code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_no._555_of_1912" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_no._555_of_1912"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Law no. 555 of 1912</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_no._555_of_1912-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dual_citizenship_under_law_no._555_of_1912" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dual_citizenship_under_law_no._555_of_1912"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Dual citizenship under law no. 555 of 1912</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dual_citizenship_under_law_no._555_of_1912-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loss_of_Italian_citizenship_under_law_no._555_of_1912" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_of_Italian_citizenship_under_law_no._555_of_1912"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Loss of Italian citizenship under law no. 555 of 1912</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_of_Italian_citizenship_under_law_no._555_of_1912-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_1948_Constitution_of_the_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_1948_Constitution_of_the_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>The 1948 Constitution of the Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_1948_Constitution_of_the_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decisions_of_the_Constitutional_Court_and_laws_enacted_in_consequence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decisions_of_the_Constitutional_Court_and_laws_enacted_in_consequence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decisions of the Constitutional Court and laws enacted in consequence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Decisions_of_the_Constitutional_Court_and_laws_enacted_in_consequence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Decisions of the Constitutional Court and laws enacted in consequence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Decisions_of_the_Constitutional_Court_and_laws_enacted_in_consequence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decision_no._87_of_1975" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decision_no._87_of_1975"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Decision no. 87 of 1975</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decision_no._87_of_1975-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_no._151_of_1975" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_no._151_of_1975"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Law no. 151 of 1975</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_no._151_of_1975-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decision_no._30_of_1983" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decision_no._30_of_1983"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Decision no. 30 of 1983</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decision_no._30_of_1983-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_no._105_of_1983_from_the_State_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_no._105_of_1983_from_the_State_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Opinion no. 105 of 1983 from the State Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinion_no._105_of_1983_from_the_State_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_no._123_of_1983" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_no._123_of_1983"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Law no. 123 of 1983</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_no._123_of_1983-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Loss_of_Italian_citizenship_under_law_no._123_of_1983" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_of_Italian_citizenship_under_law_no._123_of_1983"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Loss of Italian citizenship under law no. 123 of 1983</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_of_Italian_citizenship_under_law_no._123_of_1983-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy's_current_citizenship_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy's_current_citizenship_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Italy's current citizenship laws</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Italy's_current_citizenship_laws-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Italy's current citizenship laws subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Italy's_current_citizenship_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Law_no._91_of_1992" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_no._91_of_1992"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Law no. 91 of 1992</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_no._91_of_1992-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transmission_of_Italian_citizenship_along_maternal_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transmission_of_Italian_citizenship_along_maternal_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transmission of Italian citizenship along maternal lines</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transmission_of_Italian_citizenship_along_maternal_lines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transmission of Italian citizenship along maternal lines subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transmission_of_Italian_citizenship_along_maternal_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decision_no._4466_of_2009_from_the_Court_of_Cassation_(final_court_of_appeals)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decision_no._4466_of_2009_from_the_Court_of_Cassation_(final_court_of_appeals)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Decision no. 4466 of 2009 from the Court of Cassation (final court of appeals)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decision_no._4466_of_2009_from_the_Court_of_Cassation_(final_court_of_appeals)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Effects_of_decision_no._4466_of_2009_from_the_Court_of_Cassation_on_jurisprudence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_of_decision_no._4466_of_2009_from_the_Court_of_Cassation_on_jurisprudence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Effects of decision no. 4466 of 2009 from the Court of Cassation on jurisprudence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_of_decision_no._4466_of_2009_from_the_Court_of_Cassation_on_jurisprudence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Travel_freedom_of_Italian_citizens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travel_freedom_of_Italian_citizens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Travel freedom of Italian citizens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Travel_freedom_of_Italian_citizens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dual_citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dual_citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Dual citizenship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dual_citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizenship_of_the_European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Citizenship of the European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizenship_of_the_European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citizenship_fee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizenship_fee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Citizenship fee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizenship_fee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian nationality law</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italienische_Staatsb%C3%BCrgerschaft" title="Italienische Staatsbürgerschaft – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Italienische Staatsbürgerschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudadan%C3%ADa_italiana" title="Ciudadanía italiana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciudadanía italiana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalit%C3%A9_italienne" title="Nationalité italienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nationalité italienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cittadinanza_italiana" title="Cittadinanza italiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cittadinanza italiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italijos_Respublikos_pilietyb%C4%97" title="Italijos Respublikos pilietybė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Italijos Respublikos pilietybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalidade_italiana" title="Nacionalidade italiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nacionalidade italiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Гражданство Италии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гражданство Италии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%99%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Италијанско држављанство – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Италијанско држављанство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italijansko_dr%C5%BEavljanstvo" title="Italijansko državljanstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Italijansko državljanstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_kansalaisuus" title="Italian kansalaisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Italian kansalaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed">New rules on citizenship<br /><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Nuove norme sulla cittadinanza</i></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italian Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.normattiva.it/atto/caricaDettaglioAtto?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1992-02-15&atto.codiceRedazionale=092G0162">Law No. 91 of 1992</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Territorial extent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enacted by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legislature_X_of_Italy" title="Legislature X of Italy">X Legislature</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enacted</th><td class="infobox-data">5 February 1992</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commenced</th><td class="infobox-data">5 February 1992</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administered by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Italy)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Italy)">Ministry of the Interior</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:#FFFFCC;"><b>Status:</b> Amended</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Certificate_of_Italian_nationality.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Certificate_of_Italian_nationality.jpg/220px-Certificate_of_Italian_nationality.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Certificate_of_Italian_nationality.jpg/330px-Certificate_of_Italian_nationality.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Certificate_of_Italian_nationality.jpg/440px-Certificate_of_Italian_nationality.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Certificate of Italian nationality issued to Benzion Venezia in 1943 by the Italian consulate in <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, German-occupied Greece</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Italian nationality law</b> is the law of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> governing the acquisition, transmission and loss of Italian citizenship. Like many continental European countries it is largely based on <i><a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">jus sanguinis</a></i>. It also incorporates many elements that are seen as favourable to the <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italian Parliament</a>'s 1992 update of Italian nationality law is Law no. 91, and came into force on 15 August 1992. Presidential decrees and ministerial directives, including several issued by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of the Interior">Ministry of the Interior</a>, instruct the civil service how to apply Italy's citizenship-related laws. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acquisition_of_citizenship">Acquisition of citizenship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Acquisition of citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Italian Nationality Law encompasses a comprehensive framework outlining the various routes through which individuals can acquire Italian citizenship. These pathways are tailored to different circumstances and conditions, ensuring a systematic and organized process for citizenship acquisition. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Passaportoitaliano2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Passaportoitaliano2006.jpg/200px-Passaportoitaliano2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Passaportoitaliano2006.jpg/300px-Passaportoitaliano2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Passaportoitaliano2006.jpg/400px-Passaportoitaliano2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="2164" /></a><figcaption>Cover of an Italian <a href="/wiki/Biometric_passport" title="Biometric passport">biometric passport</a> issued in 2006</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automatic_Acquisition_of_Italian_Citizenship">Automatic Acquisition of Italian Citizenship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Automatic Acquisition of Italian Citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Descent: Italian citizenship is automatically conferred on individuals born to an Italian parent, adhering to the principle of <i><a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">jus sanguinis</a></i>.</li> <li>Birth in Italy: Children born on Italian soil to <a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">stateless</a>, unknown, or parents unable to transmit their <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">nationality</a> may acquire Italian citizenship, aligning partially with the principle of jus soli.</li> <li>Acknowledgement or Legitimation: Children gain Italian citizenship through the acknowledgement or legitimation of an Italian mother or father.</li> <li>Minor Children of Citizens: Children without Italian citizenship, including those legally adopted under Italian law, can acquire citizenship if a parent holds Italian citizenship. This provision applies from 27 April 1983.</li> <li>Former Citizens: Former Italian citizens who previously renounced citizenship due to naturalization in another country can regain Italian citizenship after two years of residency in Italy. This provision was governed by the Citizenship Law 555 of 1912 until its replacement.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisition_through_Application">Acquisition through Application</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Acquisition through Application"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Continuous Residence: Individuals born in Italy to foreign parents who have continuously resided in Italy from birth to adulthood are eligible to apply for citizenship.</li> <li>Denied Applications: Individuals whose citizenship application was denied by administrative offices (Consulates) or those unable to submit the application can seek Italian citizenship through this avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citizenship_through_Marriage">Citizenship through Marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Citizenship through Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pre-1983 Marriages: Foreign women who married Italian citizens before 27 April 1983, were automatically granted Italian citizenship.</li> <li>Residence and Language Requirements: Spouses of Italian citizens can apply for citizenship through <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalization</a> after two years of legal residence in Italy or three years of residence abroad. This residency requirement is halved if the couple has children. Since 4 December 2018, spouses are also required to demonstrate proficiency in the Italian language at a level of B1 or higher in the <a href="/wiki/European_Framework_of_Reference_for_Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="European Framework of Reference for Languages">EU Common Language Framework</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naturalization">Naturalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Naturalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A person legally residing in Italy for at least ten years may apply for Italian citizenship through naturalization if they have no criminal record and possess sufficient financial means. The residency period is reduced to three years for grandchildren of Italian citizens and individuals born in Italy, four years for nationals of EU member states, five years for refugees or stateless persons, and seven years for those adopted as children by an Italian citizen. The Italian Nationality Law meticulously outlines these pathways, ensuring a coherent and structured approach to citizenship acquisition. Candidates must be physically present in the country at the time of application and be able to demonstrate knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian language</a> (not lower than <a href="/wiki/Common_European_Framework_of_Reference_for_Languages" title="Common European Framework of Reference for Languages">B1</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attribution_of_citizenship_through_jus_sanguinis">Attribution of citizenship through <i>jus sanguinis</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Attribution of citizenship through jus sanguinis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_Bio_Passport2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Italian_Bio_Passport2.jpg/220px-Italian_Bio_Passport2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Italian_Bio_Passport2.jpg/330px-Italian_Bio_Passport2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Italian_Bio_Passport2.jpg/440px-Italian_Bio_Passport2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption>Inside cover of an Italian <a href="/wiki/Biometric_passport" title="Biometric passport">biometric passport</a> issued in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Citizens of other countries descended from an ancestor (parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc.) born in Italy may have a claim to Italian citizenship by descent (or, in other words, by <i>derivation</i> according to <i><a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">jus sanguinis</a></i> citizenship principles). </p><p>Italian citizenship is granted by birth through the paternal line, with no limit on the number of generations, or through the maternal line for individuals born on or after 1 January 1948. An Italian citizen may be born in a country whose citizenship is acquired at birth by all persons born there. That person would be born therefore with the citizenship of two (or possibly more) countries. Delays in reporting the birth of an Italian citizen abroad do not cause that person to lose Italian citizenship, and such a report might in some cases be filed by the person's descendants many years after he or she is deceased. A descendant of a deceased Italian citizen whose birth in another country was not reported to Italy may report that birth, along with his or her own birth (and possibly the births of descendants in intermediate generations), to be acknowledged as having Italian citizenship. </p><p>A person may only have acquired <i>jus sanguinis</i> Italian citizenship by birth if one or both of that person's parents was in possession of Italian citizenship on the birth date. There is a possibility in the law that the only parent who held Italian citizenship on the birth date of a child born with <i>jus sanguinis</i> Italian citizenship was the mother, who previously acquired the Italian citizenship by marriage to the father, who relinquished his own Italian citizenship before the child was born. </p><p>Under certain conditions, a child born with Italian citizenship might later have lost Italian citizenship during his or her infancy. The event could prevent a claim of Italian citizenship by his or her descendants. If the Italian parents of a minor child naturalised in another country, the child may have remained holding Italian citizenship, or else may have lost the Italian citizenship. The children who were exempt from losing their Italian citizenship upon the foreign naturalisation of their parents were in many cases (dual) citizens of other countries where they were born, by operation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Jus_soli" title="Jus soli">jus soli</a></i> citizenship laws in those countries. </p><p>One must apply through the Italian consulate that has jurisdiction over their place of residence. Each consulate has slightly different procedures, requirements, and waiting times. However, the legal criteria for <i>jus sanguinis</i> citizenship are the same. </p><p><b>Basic Criteria for Acquisition of Citizenship <i>jus sanguinis</i>:</b> </p> <ul><li>There were no Italian citizens prior to 17 March 1861, because Italy had not yet been a unified state. Thus the oldest Italian ancestor from whom Italian citizenship is proven to be derived in any <i>jus sanguinis</i> citizenship claim must have been still alive on or after that date.</li> <li>Any child born to an Italian citizen parent (including parents also having the right to Italian citizenship <i>jus sanguinis</i>) is ordinarily born an Italian citizen, with the following caveats: <ul><li>Prior to the "Minor Cirocolare"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Circolare 43347) being issued in October 2024, The Italian parent must not have naturalised as a citizen of another country before both the child's birth date and the date 15 August 1992. Following the issuance of circolare 43347, the Italian Parent must not have naturalized before the child reached the age of majority (21 prior to 10 March 1975 and 18 after that) or prior to 15 August 1992.</li> <li>If the child had an Italian mother and a foreign father, the child ordinarily must have been born on or after 1 January 1948. Court of Cassation decision 4466 of 2009 ruled that a child born to an Italian mother and a foreign father before 1 January 1948 can have jus sanguinis Italian citizenship at birth. Italian citizenship petitions that invoke this ruling must be processed in the Civil Court of Rome until such time that the ruling is ratified by legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliver_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliver-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>This also only applies if the application for recognition was filed prior to the issuance of Circolare 43347.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the Italian parent naturalised as a citizen of another country on or after 1 July 1912, and prior to 15 August 1992, then the child's Italian citizenship survived the parent's loss if the child was already born, and residing in a country whose citizenship he or she additionally held because of that country's <i>jus soli</i> nationality laws. Conversely, if the child <i>was not</i> born in a country whose citizenship was attributed to the child based on <i>jus soli</i> provisions in its nationality law, then the child could lose Italian citizenship by acquiring the citizenship of the naturalising parent. Italy generally does not attribute its citizenship based on <i>jus soli</i>, so an Italian child born in Italy could lose Italian citizenship if his father naturalised. Following the issuance of the aforementioned circolare, the child needed to reach the age of majority before their parent naturalized in order to retain citizenship rights.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li>If the child's Italian father naturalised as a citizen of another country prior to 1 July 1912, the child's Italian citizenship was not directly impacted by the father's loss if the child reached legal adulthood (age 21) by the time the father naturalised, or else if the child was residing in Italy when the father naturalised (<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Codice_civile_(1865)/Libro_I/Titolo_I" class="extiw" title="it:s:Codice civile (1865)/Libro I/Titolo I">1865 Civil Code</a>: Book I, Title I, Article 11).</li> <li>If a person reached Italy's legal age of adulthood while possessing Italian citizenship, then that person's holding of Italian citizenship ceased to be conditioned on the subsequent citizenship changes that might occur for that person's parents. So if the Italian parent naturalised as a citizen of another country, then the child's Italian citizenship could survive the parent's loss if he or she reached legal adulthood (age 21 prior to 10 March 1975; age 18 thereafter<sup id="cite_ref-Cir9_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cir9-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) prior to the parent's naturalisation.</li> <li>Italian citizens naturalising in another country prior to 15 August 1992, while being of legal adult age, typically lost their Italian citizenship at that time.</li> <li>Italy has been a participant in the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Reduction_of_Cases_of_Multiple_Nationality_and_on_Military_Obligations_in_Cases_of_Multiple_Nationality" title="Convention on the Reduction of Cases of Multiple Nationality and on Military Obligations in Cases of Multiple Nationality">Strasbourg convention</a> on the reduction of cases of multiple citizenship. Children born outside of Italy with the citizenship of a member country may not have been able to hold Italian citizenship by birth because of this convention. The convention has also extended the era when Italians could lose citizenship by foreign naturalisation to dates later than 14 August 1992, if the naturalisation were in a participant country.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>"If your Italian ancestor was born in the following regions, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, or Trentino Alto-Adige, in order to apply for the Italian citizenship, you must prove that the ancestor left Italy after July 16, 1920" cit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icapbridging2worlds.com/italian-dual-citizenship-by-descent/">icapbridging2worlds.com</a> </p><p>All conditions above must be met by every person in a direct lineage. There is no generational limit, except in respect to the date of 17 March 1861. Note that if an Italian ancestor naturalised as a citizen of another country independently from his or her parents, and prior to reaching legal Italian adulthood (age 21 prior to 10 March 1975, and age 18 otherwise), then often that ancestor retained Italian citizenship even after the naturalisation and could still pass citizenship on to children. Also, having one qualifying Italian parent—who except in certain situations could only have been the child's <i>father</i> if the birth occurred before 1 January 1948—is sufficient for deriving (inheriting) citizenship, even if the other Italian parent naturalised or otherwise became unable to pass on citizenship. Sometimes that qualifying parent is the foreign-born mother, because foreign women who married Italian men prior to 27 April 1983 automatically became Italian citizens and, in many cases, retained that citizenship even when their Italian husbands later naturalised. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Practical_effects">Practical effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Practical effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A significant portion of <i>jus sanguinis</i> applicants are <a href="/wiki/Italian_Brazilians" title="Italian Brazilians">Italian Brazilians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Argentines" title="Italian Argentines">Italian Argentines</a>, as both countries received a large number of <a href="/wiki/Italian_immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian immigrants">Italian immigrants</a> in the late 1800s and 1900s, with Brazil being home of the largest Italian community outside of Italy, followed by Argentina and the United States. <sup id="cite_ref-Mateos_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mateos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lack of limits on the number of generations of transmission of citizenship means that up to 60 million people, mostly in <a href="/wiki/The_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Americas">the Americas</a>, could be entitled to Italian citizenship, a number that is the same as the population of Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Mateos_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mateos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This large number and the desire for <a href="/wiki/EU_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="EU citizenship">EU citizenship</a> has led to waiting times for a <i>jus sanguinis</i> appointment of up to 20 years at some <a href="/wiki/Italian_consulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian consulate">Italian consulates</a>, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mateos_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mateos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of these Italians who do receive an <a href="/wiki/Italian_passport" title="Italian passport">Italian passport</a> then use it to live in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and had previously used it to live in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> when it was still part of the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-Mateos_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mateos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The landmark 1992 <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> case <i>Micheletti v. Cantabria</i>, a case of an Argentine Italian citizen by descent living in Spain whose Italian citizenship was challenged by Spain, established that EU member states were not permitted to distinguish between traditional citizens of a fellow EU state, like Italy, and persons who only had citizenship in another EU state through descent or <i>jus sanguinis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moritz_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moritz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The long consular waiting lines, combined with the difficulty of locating all the required documents, the fees, and the lack of reason to obtain a second passport for many people, act as a practical limit on the numbers who will actually apply.<sup id="cite_ref-Mateos_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mateos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_history_of_Italian_citizenship">Legislative history of Italian citizenship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legislative history of Italian citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Statuto_Albertino_of_1848">The Statuto Albertino of 1848</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Statuto Albertino of 1848"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Statuto_Albertino" title="Statuto Albertino">Statuto Albertino</a>, put forth in 1848 by the Kingdom of Sardinia, was the first basic legal system of the Italian state, formed in 1861. It was not a true constitution, but was essentially an outline of the fundamental principles on which the monarchic rule was based. </p><p>Article 24 reads: </p><p>"All subjects, whatever be their title or rank, are equal before the law. All enjoy equally the civil and political rights, and are admissible to the civil and military offices, except under circumstances determined in the Law." </p><p>This proclaimed equality before the law referred nonetheless only to men, since women were subordinate to the authority of the <i><a href="/wiki/Pater_familias" title="Pater familias">pater familias</a></i>. This was held very pertinent in the matter of citizenship, as the subordination of women and also their children to the husband made it so that each event regarding the husband's citizenship would be transmitted to the family. These events could include the loss or reacquisition of citizenship. For example, the family might lose Italian citizenship if the husband naturalised in a foreign state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1865_Civil_Code">1865 Civil Code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1865 Civil Code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The details of Italian citizenship law matters were articulated in title I of book I of the <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Codice_civile_(1865)/Libro_I/Titolo_I" class="extiw" title="it:s:Codice civile (1865)/Libro I/Titolo I">1865 Civil Code</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_no._555_of_1912">Law no. 555 of 1912</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Law no. 555 of 1912"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 13 June 1912, Law number 555, concerning citizenship, was passed, and it took effect on 1 July 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-Esteri-Amblima_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esteri-Amblima-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the fact that the Statuto Albertino did not make any reference to equality or inequality between the sexes, the precept of the wife's subordination to the husband—one having ancient antecedents—was prevalent in the basic legal system (the legislative meaning). There are numerous examples in the codified law, such as article 144 of the Civil Code of 1939 and, specifically, law number 555 of 13 June 1912 "On Italian Citizenship". Law 555 established the primacy of the husband in the marriage and the subordination of the wife and the children to his events pertinent to his citizenship. It established: </p> <ul><li>That <i>jus sanguinis</i> was the guiding principle, and that <i>jus soli</i> was an ancillary possibility.</li> <li>The children followed the citizenship of the father, and only in certain cases, the citizenship of the mother. The mother could transmit the citizenship to her children born before 1 January 1948 (the effective date of entry of the Constitution of the Italian Republic) only in the special cases found in paragraph 2 of article 1 of this statute: These cases arose if the father was unknown, if he was stateless, or if the children could not share the father's foreign citizenship according to the law of his county (as in cases where the father belonged to a country where citizenship was possible by <i>jus soli</i> but not by <i>jus sanguinis</i>). In this last situation, the Ministry of the Interior holds that if the child received <i>jus soli</i> citizenship of the foreign country where he was born, the mother's Italian citizenship did not pass to the child, just as in situations where the child received the father's citizenship by <i>jus sanguinis</i>.</li> <li>Women lost their original Italian citizenship if they married a foreign husband whose country's laws gave its citizenship to the wife, as a direct and immediate effect of the marriage. (This is a situation under review, since article 10 of this statute providing for the automatic loss of citizenship by marriage is in contrast with the second paragraph of article 8, having global scope, which does not approve of the automatic loss of citizenship by foreign naturalisation. The loss of citizenship under article 8 is not considered automatic because the voluntary acceptance of a new citizenship must have been manifested by the person naturalising for Italian citizenship to be lost pursuant to article 8).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dual_citizenship_under_law_no._555_of_1912">Dual citizenship under law no. 555 of 1912</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Dual citizenship under law no. 555 of 1912"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of central importance for the diaspora of Italians in many countries, as it relates to the holding of Italian citizenship alongside another citizenship, is article 7 of law number 555 of 1912. The provisions of this article gave immunity to some living Italian children from the citizenship events of their fathers. If the child was born to an Italian father in a <i>jus soli</i> country, the child was born with the Italian citizenship of the father and also with the citizenship of the country where he or she was born. That is to say that the child was born as a dual citizen. Children born with dual citizenship in this form were allowed to maintain their dual status in case the father naturalised later, thus parting with his Italian citizenship. Moreover, Italy has not imposed limitations on the number of generations of its citizens who might be born outside Italy, even as holders of citizenship foreign to Italy. </p><p>Article 7 reads:<sup id="cite_ref-Esteri-MAE_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esteri-MAE-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Except in the case of special provisions to be stipulated by international treaties, an Italian citizen born and residing in a foreign nation, which considers him to be a citizen of its own by birth, still retains Italian citizenship, but he may abandon it when he becomes of age or emancipated." </p><p>Since Italian laws in this time were very sensitive to gender, it remains to be stated that the benefit of article 7 was extended to both male and female children. A girl of minor age could keep her Italian citizenship in accordance with article 7 after the naturalisation of her father—but she still might not be able to pass her own citizenship to her children, particularly if they were born before 1948. </p><p>Law 555 of 1912 contains a provision causing the Italian children of Italian widows to retain their Italian citizenship if the widow should acquire a new citizenship by remarrying, to be found in article 12. The children concerned could keep their Italian citizenship even if they received a new one by derivation from the mother when the remarriage occurred. </p><p>Foreign women contracting marriage with Italian men before 27 April 1983 automatically became Italian citizens. If a woman's acquisition of Italian citizenship by marriage did not produce an effect upon the woman's citizenship in her country of origin, she was therefore a dual citizen. Article 10 of law 555 of 1912 provided that a married woman could not assume a citizenship different from that of her husband. If an Italian woman acquired a new citizenship while her husband remained Italian, she was a dual citizen, and law 555 of 1912 was not cognisant of her new status in the state where she acquired citizenship during her marriage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Loss_of_Italian_citizenship_under_law_no._555_of_1912">Loss of Italian citizenship under law no. 555 of 1912</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Loss of Italian citizenship under law no. 555 of 1912"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Italian citizenship could be lost: </p> <ul><li>By a man or woman, being of competent legal age (21 years if before 10 March 1975 or 18 years if after 9 March 1975), who of his or her own volition naturalised in another country and resided outside of Italy. (article 8) Italian citizen women married to Italian citizen husbands could not lose their citizenship if the husband's Italian citizenship was retained. (article 10)</li> <li>By the minor and unemancipated child—without the immunities from loss to be found in articles 7 and 12 (child with <i>jus soli</i> citizenship or child of remarried widow with consequent new citizenship)—who, residing outside of Italy, held a non-Italian citizenship and lived with a father (or mother if the father was dead) whose Italian citizenship was also lost. (article 12)</li> <li>By the woman whose Italian citizenship was a consequence of marriage to an Italian citizen, if upon becoming widowed or divorced, she returned to (or remained in) the country of her origin to live there as a citizen. (article 10) This scenario of loss was possible only before the date 27 April 1983.</li> <li>By the citizen who accepted employment with or rendered military service to a foreign state, and was expressly ordered by the Italian government to abandon this activity before a deadline, and still persisted in it after the said deadline. (article 8) This kind of loss was rather uncommon, and could only occur if the Italian government contacted the citizen whose abandonment of service to a foreign government was demanded.</li></ul> <p>Loss of Italian citizenship carried with it the inability to pass Italian citizenship automatically to children born during the period of not holding the citizenship. Still, Italian citizenship could sometimes be acquired by children of former citizens reacquiring the citizenship. Because law 555 of 1912 underwent revision to meet the republican constitution's requirement that the sexes be equal before the law, a determination of citizenship for a child involves an analysis of the events of both parents and possibly the ascendants of both. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1948_Constitution_of_the_Republic">The 1948 Constitution of the Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The 1948 Constitution of the Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">constitution of the Italian Republic</a> entered into effect on 1 January 1948. With the Salerno Pact in April 1944, stipulated between the National Liberation Committee and the Monarchy, the referendum on being governed by a monarchy or a republic was postponed until the end of the war. The 1848 constitution of the Kingdom of Italy was still formally in force at this time, since the laws that had limited it were, to some extent, abolished on 25 July 1943 (date of the collapse of the fascist regime). The referendum was held on 2 June 1946. All Italian men and women 21 years of age and older were called to vote on two ballots: one of these being the Institutional Referendum on the choice between a monarchy and a republic, the other being for the delegation of 556 deputies to the Constituent Assembly. </p><p>The current Italian constitution was approved by the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Italy" title="Constituent Assembly of Italy">Constituent Assembly</a> on 22 December 1947, published in the Official Gazette on 27 December 1947, and entered into effect on 1 January 1948. The original text has undergone parliamentary revisions. </p><p>A Democratic Republic was instituted, based on the deliberations and sovereignty of the people. Individual rights were recognised, as well as those of the body public, whose basis was the fulfilment of binding obligations of political, economic, and social solidarity (articles 1 and 2). </p><p>The fundamental articles that were eventually used to support new arguments concerning citizenship are as follows: </p><p>Article 3, a part of the constitution's "Fundamental Principles", has two clauses. </p> <ul><li>The first clause establishes the equality of all citizens: "All citizens have equal social dignity and are equal before the law, without distinction of sex, race, language, religion, political opinions, personal and social conditions."</li> <li>The second clause, supplementary to the first and no less important, adds: "It is the duty of the Republic to remove those obstacles of an economic and social nature which, really limiting the freedom and equality of citizens, impede the full development of the human person and the effective participation of all workers in the political, economic and social organisation of the country."</li></ul> <p>Article 29, under Title II, "Ethical and Social Relations", reads: "The Republic recognises the rights of the family as a natural society founded on matrimony." The second clause establishes the equality between spouses: "Matrimony is based on the moral and legal equality of the spouses within the limits laid down by law to guarantee the unity of the family." </p><p>Another article of fundamental importance here is article 136, under Title VI, "Constitutional Guarantees - Section I - The Constitutional Court", reading as follows: "When the Court declares the constitutional illegitimacy of a law or enactment having the force of law, the law ceases to have effect from the day following the publication of the decision." Moreover, relating to this article, still with pertinence to citizenship, the second clause is very important: "The decision of the Court shall be published and communicated to the Houses and to the regional councils concerned, so that, wherever they deem it necessary, they shall act in conformity with constitutional procedures." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decisions_of_the_Constitutional_Court_and_laws_enacted_in_consequence">Decisions of the Constitutional Court and laws enacted in consequence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Decisions of the Constitutional Court and laws enacted in consequence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In summary, law 555 of 1912 has been superseded by new laws and rulings so that: </p> <ul><li>The child born on or after 1 January 1948 to an Italian man or woman is to be considered Italian by birth (except as provided in some treaties).</li> <li>An Italian woman's marriage to an alien, or her husband's loss of Italian citizenship, has not caused the woman's Italian citizenship to change if the marriage or husband's naturalisation came on or after 1 January 1948. If the same event were prior to 1 January 1948, the Italian consulates and municipalities may not deem her citizenship uninterrupted. In the latter case, the possibility remains that the matter of her continued holding of Italian citizenship will be confirmed in court.</li> <li>All minor children of at least one Italian citizen parent, including an adoptive parent, as of the date 27 April 1983 who did not already have Italian citizenship received Italian citizenship on this date.</li> <li>Also beginning on 27 April 1983, the Italian law ceased to prescribe automatic Italian citizenship for foreign women marrying Italian citizen husbands.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decision_no._87_of_1975">Decision no. 87 of 1975</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Decision no. 87 of 1975"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This decision, in summary, finds that it is unconstitutional for women to be deprived of their Italian citizenship if they acquired a new citizenship automatically by marriage. Italy has officially expressed that the benefit of this decision extends retroactively to marriages as early as 1 January 1948. </p><p>The constitution of the Republic stayed unimplemented, in the matter of citizenship, from the time of its enactment until the year 1983. Notwithstanding the equality determined by articles 3 and 29 of the constitution, the Parliament did not put forth any law modifying the absence of code law which would allow the child of an Italian citizen mother and an alien father to have Italian citizenship by <i>jus sanguinis</i>. </p><p>The decision rendered on 9 April 1975, number 87, by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Italy" title="Constitutional Court of Italy">Constitutional Court</a>, declared the unconstitutionality of article 10, third paragraph, in the part which foresaw a woman's loss of citizenship independently from her free will. </p><p>Among the essential points of the decision, it was pointed out that article 10 was inspired by the very widespread concept in 1912 that women were legally inferior to men, and as individuals, did not have full legal capacity. Such a concept was not represented by, and moreover was in disagreement with, the principles of the constitution. In addition, the law, by stipulating a loss of citizenship reserved exclusively for women, undoubtedly created an unjust and irrational disparity in treatment between spouses, especially if the will of the woman was not questioned or if the loss of citizenship occurred contrarily to her intentions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_no._151_of_1975">Law no. 151 of 1975</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Law no. 151 of 1975"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In summary, this law impacts citizenship by confirming decision 87 of 1975 for marriages happening after its entry into effect, and authorizing women who lost the Italian citizenship automatically by receiving a new citizenship as a consequence of marriage to reacquire it with a petition. While this law did not state the capability of decision 87/1975 to retroact, the decision's accepted retroactive application back as far as 1 January 1948 is on the merit of the constitution. In the larger picture, law 151 of 1975 was an extensive remodeling of family law in Italy. </p><p>As a result of the finding of unconstitutionality in decision 87/1975, within the scope of Italy's reform of family law in 1975, article 219 was introduced into law 151 of 1975 which sanctioned for women the "reacquisition" (more properly, recognition) of citizenship. Article 219 reads: </p><p>"The woman who, by effect of marriage to an alien or because of a change in citizenship on the part of her husband, has lost the Italian citizenship before the entry of this law into effect, may reacquire it with a declaration made before the competent authority in article 36 on the provisions of implementing the civil code. Every rule of the law 555 of 13 June 1912 which is incompatible with the provisions of this present law stands repealed." </p><p>The term "reacquisition" appears improper inasmuch as the Constitutional Court's decision pronounced that the citizenship was never lost by the women concerned, and that there was never a willingness to this end on their part, and thus the term "recognition" seems more proper academically and legally. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decision_no._30_of_1983">Decision no. 30 of 1983</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Decision no. 30 of 1983"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Decision number 30 of 1983 is the finding that transmitting Italian citizenship by birth is a constitutional right of women, and the decision retroacts for births beginning as early as 1 January 1948. The mother must have been holding Italian citizenship when the child was born for the transmission to occur as a consequence of this rule. </p><p>Decision number 30 was pronounced on 28 January 1983, deposited in chancellery on 9 February 1983, and published in "Official Gazette" number 46 on 16 February 1983. The question of unconstitutionality of article 1 of law 555 of 1912 was posed "where it does not foresee that the child of an Italian citizen mother having kept her citizenship even after her marriage to a foreigner, also has Italian citizenship". The decision determined that the first clause of article 1 of this law was in clear contrast with the constitution's articles 3 (first paragraph—equality before the law without regard to sex, etc.) and 29 (second paragraph—moral and juridical parity between spouses). The Constitutional Court not only declared article 1 of law 555 of 13 June 1912 unconstitutional where it did not foresee the Italian citizenship of the child of an Italian citizen mother; but also article 2 of the same law where it sanctions a child's acquisition of a mother's citizenship only in limited cases, since thereafter those limitations were lifted and mothers could generally pass Italian citizenship to their children. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opinion_no._105_of_1983_from_the_State_Council">Opinion no. 105 of 1983 from the State Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Opinion no. 105 of 1983 from the State Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The opinion number 105 of 15 April 1983; given by the State Council, Section V, in a consultative session; determined that by effect of Decision 30 of 1983 by the Constitutional Court, the individuals born to an Italian citizen mother only as far back as 1 January 1948 could be considered Italian citizens, on the premise that the effectiveness of the decision could not retroact further than the moment when the contradiction between the old law and the new constitution emerged, which was 1 January 1948, the date of the constitution's entry into effect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_no._123_of_1983">Law no. 123 of 1983</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Law no. 123 of 1983"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This law granted automatic Italian citizenship to minor children (under age 18) of at least one parent holding Italian citizenship on its entry date into effect (27 April 1983). The law ended the practice of granting automatic citizenship to women by marriage. The law gave an obligation to dual citizens to opt for a single citizenship while 18 years of age. </p><p>On 21 April 1983, law number 123 was passed, which established that all minor children of an Italian citizen father or mother, including an adoptive parent, were Italian citizens by birth.<sup id="cite_ref-MdItreatise_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MdItreatise-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case of dual citizenship, the child was required to select a single citizenship within one year after reaching the age of majority (article 5) — unless the non-Italian citizenship was acquired through birth in a jus soli country, according to a 1990 Council of State opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-MdItreatise_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MdItreatise-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law is understood to have extended Italian citizenship to all minor children of Italian citizens at the moment of the law's entry into effect, even if the children were adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-MdItreatise_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MdItreatise-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same law repeals the prior rule prescribing automatic acquisition of Italian citizenship <i>jure matrimonis</i> by alien women who contracted marriage with an Italian citizen husband. Thus since the date of entry into force (27 April), the equality of foreign spouses before the Italian law was instituted, and the cardinal principle of acquisition of citizenship through one's expression of free will was reasserted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Loss_of_Italian_citizenship_under_law_no._123_of_1983">Loss of Italian citizenship under law no. 123 of 1983</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Loss of Italian citizenship under law no. 123 of 1983"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the entry of law 123 of 1983 into effect on 27 April 1983, Italy instituted a requirement of selecting a single citizenship among those Italians with multiple citizenship reaching the age of majority on or after 27 April 1983. The selection was due within one year. If the selection of Italian citizenship was not made, there was the potential for the Italian citizenship to be lost. </p><p>The government's orientation toward this rule is that those dual citizens whose foreign nationality came by birth in states attributing their <i>jus soli</i> citizenship to them were exempt from the requirement, because this law did not repeal the still effective article 7 of law 555 of 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-MdItreatise_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MdItreatise-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government has also clarified that children born to Italian mothers foreign naturalised as an automatic result of a marriage contracted on or after 1 January 1948 are also exempt from the requirement. </p><p>The requirement was repealed on 18 May 1986, and so it was given only to people born between 27 April 1965 and 17 May 1967. Between 18 May 1986 and 14 August 1994, people subject to the requirement were entitled to make belated selections of Italian citizenship, or amend previously made selections of foreign citizenship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italy's_current_citizenship_laws"><span id="Italy.27s_current_citizenship_laws"></span>Italy's current citizenship laws</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Italy's current citizenship laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_no._91_of_1992">Law no. 91 of 1992</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Law no. 91 of 1992"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Law number 91, passed on 5 February 1992, establishes that the following persons are citizens by birth: </p> <dl><dd>a) The child of a citizen father or mother.</dd> <dd>b) Whoever is born within the Republic's territory if both parents are stateless or unknown, or if the child's citizenship does not follow that of the parents, pursuant to the law of their country. (article 1, first paragraph).</dd></dl> <p>By paragraph 2, foundlings recovered in Italy are citizens by birth if it cannot be proven that these persons are in possession of another citizenship. Article 3 partially restates the text contained in article 5 of law 123 of 1983 where it establishes that an adoptive child of an Italian citizen is Italian, even if the child is of foreign origin, and even if the child was born before the passing of the law. It has expressly established retroactivity in this situation. </p><p>This is notwithstanding the fact that the law otherwise precludes its own retroactive application in article 20, which provides that "...except as expressly provided, the citizenship status acquired prior to the present law is not altered, unless by events after its date of entry into force". </p><p>This provision, in concert with opinion number 105 of 15 April 1983, has provided that children of an Italian citizen mother and an alien father born before 1 January 1948 (date of the republican constitution's entry into force) remain subject to the old law 555 of 13 June 1912, despite the Constitutional Court's pronouncement of unconstitutionality in decision 30 of 1983. </p><p>Additionally, law 91 of 1992 allows the possession of multiple citizenships, previously prohibited in article 5 of law 123 of 1983 for those Italians acquiring a new citizenship. This allowance of keeping Italian citizenship is not applicable in all cases of an Italian acquiring foreign citizenship, because Italy has maintained treaties with some states to the effect that an Italian naturalising in one of those states could lose Italian citizenship automatically. Law 91 of 1992 leaves those agreements in effect. (article 26) Furthermore, law 91 of 1992 rules that persons who obtain Italian citizenship do not need to renounce to their earlier citizenship, provided the dual nationality is also permitted by the other concerned state. </p><p>Laws coming after 1992 have altered access to citizenship extending it to some categories of citizens who for historical reasons, in connection with war events, were still excluded. </p><p>These more recent laws follow: </p><p>1) <b>Law no. 379 of 14 December 2000 "Provisions for the recognition of Italian citizenship for the persons born and resident in the territories belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a> and their descendants".</b> (Published in the Official Gazette no. 295 on 19 December 2000) </p><p>Law 379/2000 contained provisions to recognize Italian citizenship for those persons who were born and residing in Italy's annexed territories from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to 15 July 1920. The recognition was available also to their descendants. Recognition of Italian citizenship under law 379/2000 was given only to applicants, and the provisions expired in December 2010. </p><p>2) <b>Law no. 124 of March 2006 "Changes to law number 91 of 5 February 1992 concerning the recognition of Italian citizenship for nationals of <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiume" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiume">Fiume</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> and their descendants".</b> (Published in the Official Gazette no. 73 on 28 March 2006) </p><p>Law 124/2006 allows individuals who were Italian citizens residing in territories ceded from Italy to Yugoslavia at the time of their cession to reclaim Italian citizen status. It gives the ability to claim Italian citizen status to those people with knowledge of Italian language and culture who are lineal descendants of the eligible persons who were residing in those regions. </p><p>In more recent times, reforms to the citizenship law favouring immigrants from outside of the European Union were discussed. These immigrants currently may apply for citizenship after the completion of ten years of residency in the territory of the republic. </p><p>Many aspects remain unresolved, such as the recognition of citizenship status for descendants of an Italian woman who before 1948 had married a foreign husband and lost Italian citizenship on account of her marriage. These cases have created a dual system for recognition of citizenship: While the descendants by a paternal line have no impediments to the recognition of their citizenship status—even if the ascendant emigrated in 1860 (before Italy formed a state); the descendants of an Italian woman—even if she was from the same family—today still find themselves precluded from reacquiring Italian citizenship, and their only possible remedy is to appear before an Italian judge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transmission_of_Italian_citizenship_along_maternal_lines">Transmission of Italian citizenship along maternal lines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transmission of Italian citizenship along maternal lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decision_no._4466_of_2009_from_the_Court_of_Cassation_(final_court_of_appeals)"><span id="Decision_no._4466_of_2009_from_the_Court_of_Cassation_.28final_court_of_appeals.29"></span>Decision no. 4466 of 2009 from the Court of Cassation (final court of appeals)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Decision no. 4466 of 2009 from the Court of Cassation (final court of appeals)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United Sections, reversing its position in decision number 3331 of 2004, has established that, by effect of decisions 87 of 1975 and 30 of 1983, the right to Italian citizenship status should be recognised for the applicant who was born abroad to the son of an Italian woman married to an alien within the effective period of law 555 of 1912 who was in consequence of her marriage deprived of Italian citizenship. </p><p>Though partaking of the existing principle of unconstitutionality, according to which the pronouncement of unconstitutionality of the pre-constitutional rules produces effects only upon the relations and situations not yet concluded as of the date 1 January 1948, not being capable of retroacting earlier than the constitution's entry into force; the Court affirms that the right of citizenship, since it is a permanent and inviolable status except where it is renounced on the part of the petitioner, is justifiable at any time (even in the case of the prior death of the ascendant or parent of whoever derives the recognition) because of the enduring nature, even after the entry into force of the constitution, of an illegitimate privation due to the discriminatory rules pronounced unconstitutional. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Effects_of_decision_no._4466_of_2009_from_the_Court_of_Cassation_on_jurisprudence">Effects of decision no. 4466 of 2009 from the Court of Cassation on jurisprudence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Effects of decision no. 4466 of 2009 from the Court of Cassation on jurisprudence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After this 2009 decision, the judges in the Court of Rome (Tribunale di Roma) awarded, in more than 500 cases, Italian citizenship to the descendants of a female Italian citizen, born before 1948; and to the descendants of an Italian woman who had married a non-Italian citizen before 1948. As the Italian Parliament has not coded this decision from Cassation into law, it is not possible for these descendants to obtain <i>jus sanguinis</i> citizenship, making the pertinent application before a consulate or a competent office of vital and civil records in Italian municipalities. For these kind of descendants of Italian women the possibility of receiving recognition of Italian citizenship therefore only remains by making a case in the Italian Court. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Travel_freedom_of_Italian_citizens">Travel freedom of Italian citizens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Travel freedom of Italian citizens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Italian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Italian citizens">Visa requirements for Italian citizens</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visa_Requirements_for_Italian_Citizens.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Visa_Requirements_for_Italian_Citizens.svg/450px-Visa_Requirements_for_Italian_Citizens.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Visa_Requirements_for_Italian_Citizens.svg/675px-Visa_Requirements_for_Italian_Citizens.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Visa_Requirements_for_Italian_Citizens.svg/900px-Visa_Requirements_for_Italian_Citizens.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Italian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Italian citizens">Visa requirements for Italian citizens</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#002377; color:white;"> </span> Italy</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1191e5; color:black;"> </span> Freedom of movement</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#22b14c; color:black;"> </span> Visa not required / <a href="/wiki/Electronic_System_for_Travel_Authorization" title="Electronic System for Travel Authorization">ESTA</a> / eTA / eVisitor</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#61c7a1; color:black;"> </span> eVisa</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#79d343; color:black;"> </span> Visa available both on arrival or online</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b5e61d; color:black;"> </span> Visa on arrival</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#c0c0c0; color:black;"> </span> Visa required prior to arrival</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Visa requirements for Italian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. In 2017, Italian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 174 countries and territories, ranking the Italian passport 3rd in terms of travel freedom (tied with American, Danish, Finnish and Spanish passports) according to the <a href="/wiki/Visa_(document)#Visa_restrictions" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa (document)">Henley visa restrictions index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a> also published a report on 15 January 2016 ranking the Italian passport 1st in the world (tied with Denmark, Finland, Germany, Luxembourg, Singapore and the United Kingdom) in terms of travel freedom, with the mobility index of 160 (out of 215 with no visa weighted by 1, visa on arrival weighted by 0.7, eVisa by 0.5 and traditional visa weighted by 0).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Italian nationality is ranked eighth, together with Finland, in <a href="/wiki/The_Quality_of_Nationality_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="The Quality of Nationality Index">Nationality Index</a> (QNI). This index differs from the <a href="/wiki/Henley_Passport_Index" title="Henley Passport Index">Visa Restrictions Index</a>, which focuses on external factors including travel freedom. The QNI considers, in addition, to travel freedom on internal factors such as peace & stability, economic strength, and human development as well.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dual_citizenship">Dual citizenship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Dual citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Italian law, <a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">multiple citizenship</a> is explicitly permitted under certain conditions if acquired on or after 16 August 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Prior to that date, Italian citizens with <i>jus soli</i> citizenship elsewhere could keep their dual citizenship perpetually, but Italian citizenship was generally lost if a new citizenship was acquired, and the possibility of its loss through a new citizenship acquisition was subject to some exceptions.) Those who acquired another citizenship after that date but before 23 January 2001 had three months to inform their local records office or the Italian <a href="/wiki/Consulate" title="Consulate">consulate</a> in their country of residence. Failure to do so carried a fine. Those who acquired another citizenship on or after 23 January 2001 could send an auto-declaration of acquisition of a foreign citizenship by post to the Italian consulate in their country of residence. On or after 31 March 2001, notification of any kind is no longer necessary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citizenship_of_the_European_Union">Citizenship of the European Union</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Citizenship of the European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because Italy forms part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, Italian citizens are also <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">citizens of the European Union</a> under <a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">European Union law</a> and thus enjoy <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement_for_workers#Transitional_provisions_in_new_member_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of movement for workers">rights of free movement</a> and have the right to vote in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the European Union">elections</a> for the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When in a non-EU country where there is no Italian embassy, Italian citizens have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian citizens can live and work in any country within the EU as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Article 21 of the EU Treaty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citizenship_fee">Citizenship fee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Citizenship fee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2014 all applications by people aged 18 or over asking for recognition of Italian citizenship are subject to a payment of a €300 fee (Law n. 66, 24 April 2014 and Law n. 89, 23 June 2014). This was passed by the <a href="/wiki/Renzi_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Renzi Cabinet">Renzi Cabinet</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Matteo Renzi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturalized_athletes_of_Italy" title="Naturalized athletes of Italy">Naturalized athletes of Italy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mbersanilaw.com/italian-citizenship-assistance-2020/">"Italian Citizenship Assistance: What's Best 2020 Solution?"</a>. <i>Studio Legale Bersani | Diritto Civile & Immigrazione Verona | Cittadinanza Italiana Verona</i>. 6 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Studio+Legale+Bersani+%7C+Diritto+Civile+%26+Immigrazione+Verona+%7C+Cittadinanza+Italiana+Verona&rft.atitle=Italian+Citizenship+Assistance%3A+What%27s+Best+2020+Solution%3F&rft.date=2020-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmbersanilaw.com%2Fitalian-citizenship-assistance-2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambwashingtondc.esteri.it/Templates/PaginaInterna.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRNODEGUID={5196A1EB-B102-47F1-BA39-F15B6F06B57B}&NRORIGINALURL=%2fAmbasciata_Washington%2fMenu%2fInformazioni_e_servizi%2fServizi_consolari%2fCittadinanza%2f&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest">"Ways to become an Italian citizen"</a> (in Italian and English). Embassy of Italy in Washington, DC<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.edizionieuropee.it&rft.atitle=%C2%A7+21.1.21+-+L.+5+febbraio+1992%2C+n.+91.+Nuove+norme+sulla+cittadinanza.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edizionieuropee.it%2Flaw%2Fhtml%2F6%2Fzn21_01_021.html%23_ART0091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prefettura.it/FILES/docs/1233/CITTADINANZA.pdf">"CITTADINANZA Prefettura"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CITTADINANZA+Prefettura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prefettura.it%2FFILES%2Fdocs%2F1233%2FCITTADINANZA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.libertaciviliimmigrazione.dlci.interno.gov.it/it/documentazione/circolari/circolare-43347-del-3102024-riconoscimento-della-cittadinanza-italiana-iure">http://www.libertaciviliimmigrazione.dlci.interno.gov.it/it/documentazione/circolari/circolare-43347-del-3102024-riconoscimento-della-cittadinanza-italiana-iure</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oliver-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oliver_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oliverpartners.it/claims-to-italian-citizenship-through-maternal-line/">"Claims to Italian Citizenship Through Maternal Line"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Claims+to+Italian+Citizenship+Through+Maternal+Line&rft.pub=Oliver+%26+Partners&rft.date=2019-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oliverpartners.it%2Fclaims-to-italian-citizenship-through-maternal-line%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.libertaciviliimmigrazione.dlci.interno.gov.it/it/documentazione/circolari/circolare-43347-del-3102024-riconoscimento-della-cittadinanza-italiana-iure">http://www.libertaciviliimmigrazione.dlci.interno.gov.it/it/documentazione/circolari/circolare-43347-del-3102024-riconoscimento-della-cittadinanza-italiana-iure</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cir9-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cir9_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esteri.it/mae/normative/normativa_consolare/serviziconsolari/cittadinanza/circ9_2001.pdf">"Circolare n. 9 del 04.07.2001 - Cittadinanza: assetto normativo precedente all'entrata in vigore della legge n. 91/1992. Linee applicative ed interpretative"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Italian_Ministry_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Ministry of the Interior">Italian Ministry of the Interior</a>. 4 July 2001. Footnote 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Circolare+n.+9+del+04.07.2001+-+Cittadinanza%3A+assetto+normativo+precedente+all%27entrata+in+vigore+della+legge+n.+91%2F1992.+Linee+applicative+ed+interpretative&rft.pages=Footnote+1&rft.pub=Italian+Ministry+of+the+Interior&rft.date=2001-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esteri.it%2Fmae%2Fnormative%2Fnormativa_consolare%2Fserviziconsolari%2Fcittadinanza%2Fcirc9_2001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mateos-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mateos_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mateos_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mateos_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mateos_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mateos_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMateos" class="citation web cs1">Mateos, Pablo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140308200951/http://paa2013.princeton.edu/papers/131459">"External and Multiple Citizenship in the European Union. Are 'Extrazenship' Practices Challenging Migrant Integration Policies?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>. pp. 20–23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paa2013.princeton.edu/papers/131459">the original</a> on 8 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=External+and+Multiple+Citizenship+in+the+European+Union.+Are+%27Extrazenship%27+Practices+Challenging+Migrant+Integration+Policies%3F&rft.pages=20-23&rft.pub=Princeton+University&rft.aulast=Mateos&rft.aufirst=Pablo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaa2013.princeton.edu%2Fpapers%2F131459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moritz-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moritz_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoritz2015" class="citation journal cs1">Moritz, Michael D. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1479&context=djcil">"The Value of Your Ancestors: Gaining 'Back-Door' Access to the European Union Through Birthright Citizenship"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Duke_Journal_of_Comparative_%26_International_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law">Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law</a></i>. <b>26</b>: 239–240.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Duke+Journal+of+Comparative+%26+International+Law&rft.atitle=The+Value+of+Your+Ancestors%3A+Gaining+%27Back-Door%27+Access+to+the+European+Union+Through+Birthright+Citizenship&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=239-240&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Moritz&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.duke.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1479%26context%3Ddjcil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Esteri-Amblima-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Esteri-Amblima_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031439/http://amblima.esteri.it/resource/2007/03/12736_f_amb61Legge13giugno1912n_555sullacittadinanzaitaliana.htm">"Legge 13 giugno 1912, n.555 sulla cittadinanza italiana"</a> (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/Italian_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs">Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amblima.esteri.it/resource/2007/03/12736_f_amb61Legge13giugno1912n_555sullacittadinanzaitaliana.htm">the original</a> on 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legge+13+giugno+1912%2C+n.555+sulla+cittadinanza+italiana&rft.pub=Italian+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famblima.esteri.it%2Fresource%2F2007%2F03%2F12736_f_amb61Legge13giugno1912n_555sullacittadinanzaitaliana.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Esteri-MAE-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Esteri-MAE_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esteri.it/mae/doc/l555_1912.pdf">"Legge 13 giugno 1912, n.555 sulla cittadinanza italiana"</a> [Law N. 555, on Italian citizenship] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/Italian_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs">Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legge+13+giugno+1912%2C+n.555+sulla+cittadinanza+italiana&rft.pub=Italian+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esteri.it%2Fmae%2Fdoc%2Fl555_1912.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MdItreatise-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MdItreatise_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MdItreatise_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MdItreatise_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MdItreatise_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistero_dell'Interno" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ministero_dell%27Interno" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministero dell'Interno">Ministero dell'Interno</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120601035810/http://www.interno.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/assets/files/3/20030131135918_10-113-232-33.rtf">"La Cittadinanza Italiana: La Normative, Le Procedure, Le Circolari"</a>. pp. 32–33. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interno.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/assets/files/3/20030131135918_10-113-232-33.rtf">the original</a> on 1 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Cittadinanza+Italiana%3A+La+Normative%2C+Le+Procedure%2C+Le+Circolari&rft.pages=32-33&rft.au=Ministero+dell%27Interno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interno.it%2Fmininterno%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fit%2Fassets%2Ffiles%2F3%2F20030131135918_10-113-232-33.rtf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://henleyglobal.com/files/download/hvri/HP_Visa_Restrictions_Index_170301.pdf">"Global Ranking - Visa Restriction Index 2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Henley & Partners<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Ranking+-+Visa+Restriction+Index+2017&rft.pub=Henley+%26+Partners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhenleyglobal.com%2Ffiles%2Fdownload%2Fhvri%2FHP_Visa_Restrictions_Index_170301.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160123123959/http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/docpdf/2015visaopennessreportonline.pdf">"Visa Openness Report 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World Tourism Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/docpdf/2015visaopennessreportonline.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visa+Openness+Report+2016&rft.pub=World+Tourism+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net%2Fsites%2Fall%2Ffiles%2Fdocpdf%2F2015visaopennessreportonline.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181209134431/https://www.businessinsider.de/nationalities-with-the-best-quality-of-life-2016-6?r=UK&IR=T">"The 41 nationalities with the best quality of life"</a>. <i>www.businessinsider.de</i>. 6 February 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.de/nationalities-with-the-best-quality-of-life-2016-6?r=UK&IR=T">the original</a> on 9 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.businessinsider.de&rft.atitle=The+41+nationalities+with+the+best+quality+of+life&rft.date=2016-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.de%2Fnationalities-with-the-best-quality-of-life-2016-6%3Fr%3DUK%26IR%3DT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121040802/https://www.esteri.it/mae/en/servizi/italiani-all-estero/cittadinanza.html">"Cittadinanza"</a>. esteri.it. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esteri.it/mae/en/servizi/italiani-all-estero/cittadinanza.html">the original</a> on 21 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cittadinanza&rft.pub=esteri.it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esteri.it%2Fmae%2Fen%2Fservizi%2Fitaliani-all-estero%2Fcittadinanza.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/italy/index_en.htm">"Italy"</a>. European Union<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italy&rft.pub=European+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Fabout-eu%2Fcountries%2Fmember-countries%2Fitaly%2Findex_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 20(2)(c) of the <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Consolidated_version_of_the_Treaty_on_the_Functioning_of_the_European_Union/Part_Two:_Non-Discrimination_and_Citizenship_of_the_Union#Article_20" class="extiw" title="s:Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union/Part Two: Non-Discrimination and Citizenship of the Union">Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union#Stated_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">Rights abroad: Right to consular protection</a>: a right to protection by the diplomatic or consular authorities of other Member States when in a non-EU Member State, if there are no diplomatic or consular authorities from the citizen's own state (Article 23): this is due to the fact that not all member states maintain embassies in every country in the world (14 countries have only one embassy from an EU state). <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> (UK), <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> (UK), <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> (UK), <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> (France), <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> (France), <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a> (UK), <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> (UK), <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> (Germany), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> (UK), <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> (Italy), <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> (Portugal), <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> (UK), <a href="/wiki/Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a> (Portugal), <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> (France)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0047:0199:EN:PDF">"Treaty on the Function of the European Union (consolidated version)"</a>. Eur-lex.europa.eu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaty+on+the+Function+of+the+European+Union+%28consolidated+version%29&rft.pub=Eur-lex.europa.eu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ%3AC%3A2008%3A115%3A0047%3A0199%3AEN%3APDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106034229/https://consnewyork.esteri.it/consolato_newyork/en/la_comunicazione/dal_consolato/2015/04/avviso-trattazione-pratiche-di-riconoscimento-della-cittadinanza.html">"Recognition of the Italian Citizenship"</a>. <i>Consulate General of Italy in New York</i>. 9 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consnewyork.esteri.it/consolato_newyork/en/la_comunicazione/dal_consolato/2015/04/avviso-trattazione-pratiche-di-riconoscimento-della-cittadinanza.html">the original</a> on 6 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Consulate+General+of+Italy+in+New+York&rft.atitle=Recognition+of+the+Italian+Citizenship&rft.date=2015-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consnewyork.esteri.it%2Fconsolato_newyork%2Fen%2Fla_comunicazione%2Fdal_consolato%2F2015%2F04%2Favviso-trattazione-pratiche-di-riconoscimento-della-cittadinanza.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icapbridging2worlds.com">Italian Citizenship Assistance Program</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esteri.it/it/servizi-consolari-e-visti/italiani-all-estero/cittadinanza/">Citizenship - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Italy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalcit.eu/country-profiles/">Country Profiles - Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_nationality_law&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112033703890;seq=227;view=1up;num=215">"Law no. 555 of 1912"</a>. <i>US Department of Labor, Twelfth Annual Report of the Secretary of Labor for Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1924</i>. Hathi Trust Digital Library. p. 215<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Department+of+Labor%2C+Twelfth+Annual+Report+of+the+Secretary+of+Labor+for+Fiscal+Year+Ended+June+30%2C+1924&rft.atitle=Law+no.+555+of+1912&rft.pages=215&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duiug.30112033703890%3Bseq%3D227%3Bview%3D1up%3Bnum%3D215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonati2013" class="citation book cs1">Donati, Sabina (2013). <i>A political history of national citizenship and identity in Italy, 1861-1950</i>. Stanford University Press. p. 424. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804787338" title="Special:BookSources/9780804787338"><bdi>9780804787338</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+political+history+of+national+citizenship+and+identity+in+Italy%2C+1861-1950&rft.pages=424&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780804787338&rft.aulast=Donati&rft.aufirst=Sabina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italy_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italy_topics" title="Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italy_topics" title="Template talk:Italy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italy_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italy_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Italy" title="Outline of Italy">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_history" title="Timeline of Italian history">Timeline of Italian history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" title="History of Italian citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Historic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy" title="LGBT history in Italy">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" title="Music history of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Italy" title="Name of Italy">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Postage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">Railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" title="Prehistoric Italy">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Italy" title="Neolithic Italy">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanovan_culture" title="Villanovan culture">Villanovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinaldone_culture" title="Rinaldone culture">Rinaldone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golasecca_culture" title="Golasecca culture">Golasecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canegrate_culture" title="Canegrate culture">Canegrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latial_culture" title="Latial culture">Latial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Italy" title="List of ancient peoples of Italy">Ancient peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osci" title="Osci">Osci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Veneti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapians" title="Messapians">Messapians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li>Italy under <a href="/wiki/Odoacer#King_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">the Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">the Sardinian Judicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_Italy" title="History of early modern Italy">Early Modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Napoleonic Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_exodus" title="Niçard exodus">Niçard exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Monarchy and the World Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Colonial Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Fourth War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Fall of the Fascist regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="History of the Italian Republic">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">Institutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Economic Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trial" title="Maxi Trial">Maxi Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_pulite" title="Mani pulite">Mani pulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italian geographical region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Italy" title="Climate change in Italy">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Italy" title="Geology of Italy">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy" title="Fauna of Italy">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Italy" title="Flora of Italy">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Italy" title="List of mountains in Italy">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_foothills" title="Alpine foothills">Prealps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Italy" title="Volcanism of Italy">Volcanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Italy" title="List of volcanoes in Italy">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Italy" title="List of beaches in Italy">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_Italy" title="List of canals in Italy">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Italy" title="List of caves in Italy">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Italy" title="List of earthquakes in Italy">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Italy" title="List of islands of Italy">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Italy" title="List of lakes of Italy">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marine_Protected_Areas_of_Italy" title="List of Marine Protected Areas of Italy">Marine protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Italy" title="List of national parks of Italy">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Italy" title="List of regional parks of Italy">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Italy" title="List of rivers of Italy">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Italy" title="List of valleys of Italy">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Italy" title="Human rights in Italy">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Italy">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Italy" title="List of municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">Italian regions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Italy" title="Banking in Italy">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Italy" title="List of banks in Italy">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_brands" title="List of Italian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Italy" title="List of exports of Italy">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Italy" title="List of trade unions in Italy">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Italy" title="List of airports in Italy">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Italy" title="Rail transport in Italy">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_welfare_state" title="Italian welfare state">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Italy" title="Category:Society of Italy">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobility of Italy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Italy" title="Censorship in Italy">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Italy" title="Corruption in Italy">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Italy" title="Crime in Italy">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Italy" title="Demographics of Italy">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Emigration and diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Italy" title="Gambling in Italy">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Italy" title="Health in Italy">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Italy" title="Healthcare in Italy">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Italian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Italy" title="List of people from Italy">People</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Regional</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Italian provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Italy" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Italy">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Italy" title="Poverty in Italy">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Italy" title="Prostitution in Italy">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_public_administration" title="Italian public administration">Public administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Italy" title="Racism in Italy">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Italy" title="Social class in Italy">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Italy" title="Terrorism in Italy">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Italy" title="Water supply and sanitation in Italy">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Italy" title="Women in Italy">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seicento" title="Seicento">Seicento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_culture_(1700s)" title="History of Italian culture (1700s)">Settecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Neoclassical_and_19th-century_art" title="Italian Neoclassical and 19th-century art">Ottocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Italy">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Italy" title="List of castles in Italy">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Italy" title="List of cathedrals in Italy">Cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Italy" title="Emblem of Italy">Coat of arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_design" title="Italian design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens_in_Italy" title="List of gardens in Italy">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Italy" title="Internet in Italy">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italophilia" title="Italophilia">Italophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Italy" title="List of libraries in Italy">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Italy" title="Mass media in Italy">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Italy" title="List of museums in Italy">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Italy" title="National symbols of Italy">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_in_Italy" title="List of palaces in Italy">Palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_philosophy" title="Italian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Italy" title="Sport in Italy">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Italy" title="Television in Italy">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Italy" title="Theatre of Italy">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Italy" title="Traditions of Italy">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/16px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/24px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Italy" title="Category:Italy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nationality_laws" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nationality_laws" title="Template:Nationality laws"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nationality_laws" title="Template talk:Nationality laws"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nationality_laws" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nationality laws"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nationality_laws" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">Nationality laws</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationality_law" title="Algerian nationality law">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_nationality_law" title="Angolan nationality law">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_nationality_law" title="Beninese nationality law">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_nationality_law" title="Burkinabe nationality law">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_nationality_law" title="Burundian nationality law">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_nationality_law" title="Cameroonian nationality law">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_nationality_law" title="Cape Verdean nationality law">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_nationality_law" title="Central African nationality law">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_nationality_law" title="Chadian nationality law">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_nationality_law" title="Comorian nationality law">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Congolese nationality law">Congo Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_nationality_law" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo nationality law">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_nationality_law" title="Djiboutian nationality law">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationality_law" title="Egyptian nationality law">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_nationality_law" title="Equatoguinean nationality law">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nationality_law" title="Eritrean nationality law">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaswati_nationality_law" title="Emaswati nationality law">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_nationality_law" title="Ethiopian nationality law">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_nationality_law" title="Gabonese nationality law">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_nationality_law" title="Gambian nationality law">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_nationality_law" title="Ghanaian nationality law">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_nationality_law" title="Guinean nationality law">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_nationality_law" title="Bissau-Guinean nationality law">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_nationality_law" title="Ivorian nationality law">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_nationality_law" title="Kenyan nationality law">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basotho_nationality_law" title="Basotho nationality law">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_nationality_law" title="Liberian nationality law">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationality_law" title="Libyan nationality law">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_nationality_law" title="Malagasy nationality law">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_nationality_law" title="Malawian nationality law">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_nationality_law" title="Malian nationality law">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_nationality_law" title="Mauritanian nationality law">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_nationality_law" title="Mauritian nationality law">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_nationality_law" title="Moroccan nationality law">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_nationality_law" title="Mozambican nationality law">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_nationality_law" title="Namibian nationality law">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_nationality_law" title="Nigerien nationality law">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_nationality_law" title="Rwandan nationality law">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9an_nationality_law" title="São Toméan nationality law">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_nationality_law" title="Senegalese nationality law">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_nationality_law" title="Seychellois nationality law">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_nationality_law" title="Sierra Leonean nationality law">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_nationality_law" title="Somali nationality law">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_citizenship_and_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Somaliland citizenship and nationality">Somaliland</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_nationality_law" title="South African nationality law">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_nationality_law" title="South Sudanese nationality law">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nationality_law" title="Sudanese nationality law">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law" title="Tanzanian nationality law">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_nationality_law" title="Togolese nationality law">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationality_law" title="Tunisian nationality law">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationality_law" title="Ugandan nationality law">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_citizenship_and_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahrawi citizenship and nationality">Western Sahara</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_nationality_law" title="Zambian nationality law">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_nationality_law" title="Zimbabwean nationality law">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudian_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguan and Barbudian nationality law">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_nationality_law" title="Bahamian nationality law">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_nationality_law" title="Barbadian nationality law">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_nationality_law" title="Belizean nationality law">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_nationality_law" title="Costa Rican nationality law">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_nationality_law" title="Cuban nationality law">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_nationality_law" title="Dominican nationality law">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_nationality_law" title="Dominican Republic nationality law">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_nationality_law" title="Salvadoran nationality law">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Greenland <small>(Kingdom of Denmark)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_nationality_law" title="Grenadian nationality law">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_nationality_law" title="Guatemalan nationality law">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haitian_nationality_and_citizenship" title="History of Haitian nationality and citizenship">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_nationality_law" title="Honduran nationality law">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_nationality_law" title="Jamaican nationality law">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_nationality_law" title="Mexican nationality law">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_nationality_law" title="Nicaraguan nationality law">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_nationality_law" title="Panamanian nationality law">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitian_and_Nevisian_nationality_law" title="Kittitian and Nevisian nationality law">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_nationality_law" title="Saint Lucian nationality law">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_nationality_law" title="Vincentian nationality law">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_nationality_law" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Puerto Rican citizenship and nationality">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islander_citizenship_and_nationality" title="United States Virgin Islander citizenship and nationality">US Virgin Islands</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_nationality_law" title="Argentine nationality law">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_nationality_law" title="Bolivian nationality law">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_nationality_law" title="Brazilian nationality law">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_nationality_law" title="Chilean nationality law">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_nationality_law" title="Colombian nationality law">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_nationality_law" title="Ecuadorian nationality law">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_nationality_law" title="Guyanese nationality law">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_nationality_law" title="Paraguayan nationality law">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_nationality_law" title="Peruvian nationality law">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_nationality_law" title="Surinamese nationality law">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_nationality_law" title="Uruguayan nationality law">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_nationality_law" title="Venezuelan nationality law">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_nationality_law" title="Afghan nationality law">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_nationality_law" title="Bahraini nationality law">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_nationality_law" title="Bhutanese nationality law">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_nationality_law" title="Bruneian nationality law">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_nationality_law" title="Cambodian nationality law">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationality_law" title="Chinese nationality law">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timorese_nationality_law" title="East Timorese nationality law">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_nationality_law" title="Indonesian nationality law">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationality_law" title="Iranian nationality law">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationality_law" title="Iraqi nationality law">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_citizenship_law" title="Israeli citizenship law">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationality_law" title="Japanese nationality law">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationality_law" title="Jordanian nationality law">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_nationality_law" title="Kazakhstani nationality law">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyzstani_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyrgyzstani nationality law (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_nationality_law" title="Kuwaiti nationality law">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laotian_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laotian nationality law (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationality_law" title="Lebanese nationality law">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_nationality_law" title="Malaysian nationality law">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nationality_law" title="Mongolian nationality law">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_nationality_law" title="Myanmar nationality law">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_nationality_law" title="Nepali nationality law">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_nationality_law" title="North Korean nationality law">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_nationality_law" title="Omani nationality law">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinian_nationality" title="History of Palestinian nationality">Palestine</a><sup><small></small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_nationality_law" title="Philippine nationality law">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_nationality_law" title="Qatari nationality law">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_nationality_law" title="Saudi Arabian nationality law">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_nationality_law" title="Singaporean nationality law">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_nationality_law" title="South Korean nationality law">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_nationality_law" title="Sri Lankan nationality law">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationality_law" title="Syrian nationality law">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajikistani_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajikistani nationality law (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationality_law" title="Taiwanese nationality law">Taiwan</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_nationality_law" title="Thai nationality law">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen nationality law">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_nationality_law" title="Emirati nationality law">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzbek_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzbek nationality law (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_passport" title="Vietnamese passport">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yemeni_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yemeni nationality law (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">European Union</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_nationality_law" title="Austrian nationality law">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_nationality_law" title="Belgian nationality law">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_nationality_law" title="Bulgarian nationality law">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationality_law" title="Croatian nationality law">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_nationality_law" title="Czech nationality law">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_nationality_law" title="Estonian nationality law">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_nationality_law" title="Finnish nationality law">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationality_law" title="French nationality law">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationality_law" title="German nationality law">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationality_law" title="Greek nationality law">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationality_law" title="Hungarian nationality law">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_nationality_law" title="Icelandic nationality law">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Ireland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_nationality_law" title="Latvian nationality law">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_nationality_law" title="Liechtensteiner nationality law">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_nationality_law" title="Lithuanian nationality law">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_nationality_law" title="Luxembourg nationality law">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_nationality_law" title="Maltese nationality law">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationality_law" title="Dutch nationality law">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_nationality_law" title="Norwegian nationality law">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_nationality_law" title="Polish nationality law">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_nationality_law" title="Portuguese nationality law">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationality_law" title="Romanian nationality law">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_nationality_law" title="Slovak nationality law">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationality_law" title="Slovenian nationality law">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationality_law" title="Spanish nationality law">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_nationality_law" title="Swedish nationality law">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationality_law" title="Swiss nationality law">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Rest of Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationality_law" title="Albanian nationality law">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationality_law" title="Armenian nationality law">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorran_nationality_law" title="Andorran nationality law">Andorra</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_nationality_law" title="Azerbaijani nationality law">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian citizenship">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_nationality_law" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina nationality law">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationality_law" title="Georgian nationality law">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan nationality law">Kosovo</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_nationality_law" title="Moldovan nationality law">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_nationality_law" title="Monégasque nationality law">Monaco</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationality_law" title="Montenegrin nationality law">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_North_Macedonia" title="Nationality law of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_citizenship" title="Northern Cyprus citizenship">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_citizenship_law" title="Russian citizenship law">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_nationality_law" title="San Marino nationality law">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationality_law" title="Serbian nationality law">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationality_law" title="Ukrainian nationality law">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_nationality_law" title="Micronesian nationality law">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_nationality_law" title="Fijian nationality law">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_nationality_law" title="Nauruan nationality law">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati_nationality_law" title="I-Kiribati nationality law">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_nationality_law" title="Marshallese nationality law">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_nationality_law" title="Palauan nationality law">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_nationality_law" title="Papua New Guinean nationality law">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_nationality_law" title="Solomon Islands nationality law">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_nationality_law" title="Tongan nationality law">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_nationality_law" title="Tuvaluan nationality law">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Samoan_citizenship_and_nationality" title="American Samoan citizenship and nationality">American Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Northern Mariana citizenship and nationality">Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guamanian_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Guamanian citizenship and nationality">Guam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu_nationality_law" title="Ni-Vanuatu nationality law">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">International<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_Mercosur" title="Citizenship of the Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Passport_Union" title="Nordic Passport Union">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Caribbean Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union#Migration" title="African Union">African Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_citizenship" title="Loss of citizenship">Loss of citizenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denaturalization" title="Denaturalization">Denaturalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renunciation_of_citizenship" title="Renunciation of citizenship">Renunciation of citizenship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">Naturalization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_aboard_aircraft_and_ships" title="Birth aboard aircraft and ships">Birth aboard aircraft and ships</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ius_sanguinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius sanguinis">Ius sanguinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ius_soli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius soli">Ius soli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">Repatriation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By result</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">Multiple citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">Passport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_passport" title="Internal passport">Internal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency" title="Permanent residency">Permanent residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">Right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-class_citizen" title="Second-class citizen">Second-class citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">Statelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Travel visa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_citizenship" title="Roman citizenship">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_nationality_law" title="Soviet nationality law">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:88%;"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Open border with <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>.</li> <li><sup>3</sup> Partially recognized.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nationality_law" title="Category:Nationality law"><b>Category</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid 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