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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Further changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Local government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_counties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_counties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Metropolitan counties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-metropolitan_counties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-metropolitan_counties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Non-metropolitan counties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-metropolitan_counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exceptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exceptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Exceptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exceptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ceremonial_counties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceremonial_counties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ceremonial counties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceremonial_counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postal_counties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postal_counties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Postal counties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postal_counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Counties of England</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graafskappe_van_Engeland" title="Graafskappe van Engeland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Graafskappe van Engeland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مقاطعات إنجلترا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقاطعات إنجلترا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condaos_d%27Inglaterra" title="Condaos d'Inglaterra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Condaos d'Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Графства (Ангельшчына) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Графства (Ангельшчына)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Графство (Англия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Графство (Англия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontelezhio%C3%B9_Bro-Saoz" title="Kontelezhioù Bro-Saoz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kontelezhioù Bro-Saoz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglick%C3%A1_hrabstv%C3%AD" title="Anglická hrabství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anglická hrabství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englands_counties" title="Englands counties – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Englands counties" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafschaft_(England)" title="Grafschaft (England) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grafschaft (England)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κομητείες της Αγγλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κομητείες της Αγγλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condados_de_Inglaterra" title="Condados de Inglaterra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Condados de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graflandoj_de_Anglio" title="Graflandoj de Anglio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Graflandoj de Anglio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingalaterrako_konderriak" title="Ingalaterrako konderriak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingalaterrako konderriak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شهرستان‌های انگلستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهرستان‌های انگلستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_d%27Angleterre" title="Comté d'Angleterre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Comté d'Angleterre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greefskippen_fan_Ingel%C3%A2n" title="Greefskippen fan Ingelân – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Greefskippen fan Ingelân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaetha_Shasana" title="Contaetha Shasana – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Contaetha Shasana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coondaeghyn_Hostyn" title="Coondaeghyn Hostyn – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Coondaeghyn Hostyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condados_de_Inglaterra" title="Condados de Inglaterra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condados de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%89%EA%B8%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%A3%BC" title="잉글랜드의 주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잉글랜드의 주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Անգլիայի կոմսությունների ցանկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անգլիայի կոմսությունների ցանկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="इंग्लैंड के काउंटी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंग्लैंड के काउंटी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleske_grofovije" title="Engleske grofovije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Engleske grofovije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contato_(Anglaterra)" title="Contato (Anglaterra) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Contato (Anglaterra)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comtias_de_Anglia" title="Comtias de Anglia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Comtias de Anglia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDslur_%C3%A1_Englandi" title="Sýslur á Englandi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sýslur á Englandi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contee_dell%27Inghilterra" title="Contee dell'Inghilterra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Contee dell'Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilaya_za_Uingereza" title="Wilaya za Uingereza – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wilaya za Uingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comitatus_Angliae" title="Comitatus Angliae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Comitatus Angliae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglijos_grafyst%C4%97s" title="Anglijos grafystės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglijos grafystės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इंग्लंडच्या काउंट्या – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंग्लंडच्या काउंट्या" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graafschappen_van_Engeland" title="Graafschappen van Engeland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Graafschappen van Engeland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="イングランドのカウンティ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イングランドのカウンティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevskap_i_England" title="Grevskap i England – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grevskap i England" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comtat_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Comtat d'Anglatèrra – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Comtat d'Anglatèrra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkum:Angliya_grafliklari" title="Turkum:Angliya grafliklari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turkum:Angliya grafliklari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrabstwa_Anglii" title="Hrabstwa Anglii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hrabstwa Anglii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_condados_da_Inglaterra" title="Lista de condados da Inglaterra – Portuguese" lang="pt" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="float: right; width: ;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #F0F0F0; vertical-align: middle">Counties of England</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-weight: normal;">Also known as:</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shire" title="Shire">Shires</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center;font-size:100%;line-height:1.25em;margin:auto;width:400px"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:200px;text-align:center;:"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:200px;height:200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg/165px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg/247px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg/329px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span></div><div style="padding:1px">Ceremonial counties</div></td><td style="width:200px;text-align:center;:"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:200px;height:200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg/165px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg/247px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg/329px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span></div><div style="padding:1px">Local government counties<sup id="cite_ref-Exceptions_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exceptions-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:200px;text-align:center;:"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:200px;height:200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_counties_1851_with_ridings.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/English_counties_1851_with_ridings.svg/165px-English_counties_1851_with_ridings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/English_counties_1851_with_ridings.svg/247px-English_counties_1851_with_ridings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/English_counties_1851_with_ridings.svg/329px-English_counties_1851_with_ridings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span></div><div style="padding:1px">Historic counties</div></td><td style="width:200px;text-align:center;:"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Category</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/County" title="County">Counties</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Found in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions of England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Created</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenancies_Act_1997" title="Lieutenancies Act 1997">1996</a>–1998 (ceremonial)<br /><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">1974</a>–<a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932023_structural_changes_to_local_government_in_England" title="2019–2023 structural changes to local government in England">2023</a> (local govt)<br /><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Middle Ages</a> (historic)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Possible types</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial</a> (48)</li><li>Local government (84)<br />—<a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan</a> (6)<br />—<a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan</a> (78)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic</a> (39)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_England" title="Category:Politics of England">a series</a> within the<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/130px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/195px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/260px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarch</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Heir Apparent</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">Republicanism in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_England" title="Governance of England">Governance</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Legislative</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Speaker" title="Lord Speaker">Lord Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_McFall,_Baron_McFall_of_Alcluith" title="John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith">The Lord McFall of Alcluith</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Reform of the House of Lords">Reform of the House of Lords</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Hoyle" title="Lindsay Hoyle">Sir Lindsay Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_England_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in England (2024–present)">MPs for England Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Affairs_Committee" title="Regional Affairs Committee">Regional Affairs Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_England" title="Elections in England">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">UK General Elections in England</div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="First Parliament of the United Kingdom">1801 co-option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1802_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1802 United Kingdom general election">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1806_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1806 United Kingdom general election">1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1807_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1807 United Kingdom general election">1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1812 United Kingdom general election">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1818_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1818 United Kingdom general election">1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1820 United Kingdom general election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1826_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1826 United Kingdom general election">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1830 United Kingdom general election">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1831 United Kingdom general election">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1832 United Kingdom general election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1835 United Kingdom general election">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1837_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1837 United Kingdom general election">1837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1841_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1841 United Kingdom general election">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1847_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1847 United Kingdom general election">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1852 United Kingdom general election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1857 United Kingdom general election">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1859 United Kingdom general election">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1865 United Kingdom general election">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1868 United Kingdom general election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1874 United Kingdom general election">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1880 United Kingdom general election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1885 United Kingdom general election">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1886 United Kingdom general election">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1892 United Kingdom general election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1895 United Kingdom general election">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1924 United Kingdom general election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1979 United Kingdom general election in England">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1983 United Kingdom general election in England">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1987 United Kingdom general election in England">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1992 United Kingdom general election in England">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1997 United Kingdom general election in England">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2001 United Kingdom general election in England">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2005 United Kingdom general election in England">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2010 United Kingdom general election in England">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2015 United Kingdom general election in England">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2017 United Kingdom general election in England">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2019 United Kingdom general election in England">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2024 United Kingdom general election in England">2024</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_England_and_Wales" title="Judiciary of England and Wales">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-on-the-Bench" class="mw-redirect" title="King-on-the-Bench">King-on-the-Bench</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reed,_Baron_Reed_of_Allermuir" title="Robert Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir">The Lord Reed of Allermuir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English Law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">Administration</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_England" title="History of local government in England">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_England" title="Subdivisions of England">Subdivisions</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts" title="List of English districts">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan Borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="London Borough">London Borough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_authorities_and_combined_county_authorities" title="Combined authorities and combined county authorities">Combined authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoral_Council_for_England" title="Mayoral Council for England">Mayoral Council for England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">Civil parishes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_England" title="List of civil parishes in England">list</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_England" title="Category:Politics of England">Category</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_England" title="Template:Politics of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_England" title="Template talk:Politics of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>counties of England</b> are a type of <a href="/wiki/Subdivision_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivision of England">subdivision of England</a>. Counties have been used as administrative areas in England since <a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="History of Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon</a> times. There are three definitions of county in England: the 48 <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial counties">ceremonial counties</a> used for the purposes of <a href="/wiki/Lord-lieutenant" title="Lord-lieutenant">lieutenancy</a>; the 84 <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">metropolitan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">non-metropolitan</a> counties for <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">local government</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Exceptions_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exceptions-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 39 <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">historic counties</a> which were used for administration <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">until 1974</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_Geography_Guide-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">historic counties of England</a> were mostly formed as <a href="/wiki/Shire" title="Shire">shires</a> or divisions of the earlier <a href="/wiki/Heptarchy" title="Heptarchy">kingdoms</a>, which gradually united by the 10th century to become England. The counties were initially used primarily for the administration of justice, overseen by a <a href="/wiki/High_sheriff" title="High sheriff">sheriff</a>. They subsequently gained other roles, notably serving as <a href="/wiki/County_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="County constituency">constituencies</a> and as areas for organising the <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a>, which was the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Lord-lieutenant" title="Lord-lieutenant">lord-lieutenant</a>. The county <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">magistrates</a> also gradually took on some administrative functions. </p><p>Elected county councils were created in 1889, taking over the administrative functions of the magistrates. The functions and territories of the counties have evolved since then, with significant amendments on several occasions, notably in 1889, 1965 and 1974. </p><p>Following the 1974 reforms, England (outside <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a>) had a two-tier structure of upper-tier county councils and lower-tier district councils, with each county being designated as either a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">metropolitan county</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">non-metropolitan county</a>. From 1995 onwards numerous <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authorities</a> have been established in the non-metropolitan counties, usually by creating a non-metropolitan county containing a single district and having one council perform both county and district functions. Since 1996 there have been two legal definitions of county: the counties as defined in local government legislation, and the counties for the purposes of lieutenancy (the latter being informally known as ceremonial counties). </p><p>The local government counties today cover England except for Greater London and the Isles of Scilly. There are six metropolitan counties and 78 non-metropolitan counties. Of the non-metropolitan counties, 21 are governed in a two-tier arrangement with an upper-tier <a href="/wiki/County_council" title="County council">county council</a> and a number of lower-tier <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">district councils</a>, 56 are governed by a unitary authority performing both county and district functions, and one (<a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a>) is governed by six unitary authorities whilst remaining legally one county. </p><p>For the purposes of lieutenancy England (including Greater London and the Isles of Scilly) is divided into 48 counties, which are defined as groups of one or more local government counties.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Counties are also frequently used for non-administrative purposes, including culture, tourism and sport, with many organisations, clubs and leagues being organised on a county basis. For the purpose of sorting and delivering mail, England was divided into <a href="/wiki/Postal_counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postal counties of the United Kingdom">postal counties</a> until 1996; they were then abandoned by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mail" title="Royal Mail">Royal Mail</a> in favour of <a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">postcodes</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic counties of England</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:English_counties_1851_(named).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/English_counties_1851_%28named%29.svg/500px-English_counties_1851_%28named%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="607" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/English_counties_1851_%28named%29.svg/750px-English_counties_1851_%28named%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/English_counties_1851_%28named%29.svg/1000px-English_counties_1851_%28named%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">historic counties of England</a> as they were in 1851, excluding <a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire" title="Monmouthshire">Monmouthshire</a> which was sometimes deemed part of England rather than Wales prior to 1974</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the historic English counties were established between the 7th and 11th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-aspects_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aspects-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Counties were initially used for the administration of justice and organisation of the militia, all overseen by a sheriff. The sheriff was usually appointed by the monarch but in some cases, known as the <a href="/wiki/County_palatine" title="County palatine">counties palatine</a>, the right to appoint sheriffs rested elsewhere; for example with the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Durham" title="Bishop of Durham">Bishop of Durham</a> for <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a>, and with the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Chester" title="Earl of Chester">Earl of Chester</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A county's magistrates sat four times a year as the <a href="/wiki/Quarter_sessions" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter sessions">quarter sessions</a>. For more serious cases judges visited each county twice a year for the <a href="/wiki/Assizes" title="Assizes">assizes</a>. In some larger counties the practice arose of holding the quarter sessions separately for subdivisions of the county, including the <a href="/wiki/Riding_(division)" title="Riding (division)">Ridings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parts_of_Lincolnshire" title="Parts of Lincolnshire">Parts of Lincolnshire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">Western</a> divisions of <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a>. The quarter sessions were also gradually given various civil functions, such as providing asylums, maintaining main roads and bridges, and the regulation of alehouses.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">parliaments</a> began to be called from the 13th century onwards, the counties formed part of the system for electing <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">members of parliament</a>. Certain towns and cities were <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary borough">parliamentary boroughs</a> sending their own representatives, and the remainder of each county served as a <a href="/wiki/County_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="County constituency">county constituency</a>, with the MPs for such constituencies being known as <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_shire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights of the shire">knights of the shire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From <a href="/wiki/Tudor_period" title="Tudor period">Tudor</a> times onwards a <a href="/wiki/Lord-lieutenant" title="Lord-lieutenant">lord-lieutenant</a> was appointed to oversee the militia, taking some of the functions previously held by the sheriff.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some larger towns and cities were made self-governing <a href="/wiki/County_corporate" title="County corporate">counties corporate</a>, starting with <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1132</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the right to hold their own courts and appoint their own sheriffs. The counties corporate continued to be deemed part of the wider county for the purposes of lieutenancy, with the exception of London which had its own lieutenants. The Ridings of Yorkshire had their own lieutenants from 1660 onwards. Sometimes smaller counties shared either a sheriff or lieutenant; the same person was usually appointed to be lieutenant of both <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a> until 1876, whilst <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire" title="Huntingdonshire">Huntingdonshire</a> shared a sheriff until 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-statutesatlarge_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statutesatlarge-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The counties' role as constituencies effectively ceased following the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1832" title="Reform Act 1832">Reform Act 1832</a> and the associated <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Boundaries_Act_1832" title="Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832">Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832</a>. Most counties were divided into smaller constituencies, with the group of constituencies within each county being termed the 'parliamentary county'.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>County boundaries were sometimes adjusted, for example by some of the <a href="/wiki/Inclosure_Acts" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclosure Acts">Inclosure Acts</a> of the 18th and 19th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> County and other boundaries were not centrally recorded with any accuracy before the 19th century, but were instead known by local knowledge and custom. When the <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a> started producing large scale maps, they had to undertake extensive research with locals to establish where exactly the boundaries were. Boundaries were recorded by the Ordnance Survey gradually in a process which started in 1841 and was not fully completed until 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many counties had detached <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclaves</a>, away from the main body of the county. Most exclaves were eliminated by boundary adjustments under the <a href="/wiki/Counties_(Detached_Parts)_Act_1844" title="Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844">Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Poor_Law_Amendment_Act_1834" title="Poor Law Amendment Act 1834">Poor Law Amendment Act 1834</a> created <a href="/wiki/Poor_law_union" title="Poor law union">poor law unions</a>, which were defined as groups of <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">parishes</a> and frequently crossed county boundaries. Parishes were typically assigned to a union centred on a nearby town, whether or not that town was in the same county. The unions were administered by elected <a href="/wiki/Board_of_guardians" title="Board of guardians">boards of guardians</a>, and formed the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Registration_district" title="Registration district">registration districts</a> created in 1837. Each union as a whole was assigned to a <a href="/wiki/Registration_county" title="Registration county">registration county</a>, which therefore differed in places from the legal counties. The registration counties were used for census reporting from 1851 to 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unions also formed the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_district" title="Sanitary district">sanitary districts</a> created in 1872, which took on various local government functions.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The county of <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a> was formed in 1227.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From then until 1889 there were generally agreed to be 39 counties in England, although there were some <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(division)" title="Liberty (division)">liberties</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_of_Ripon" title="Liberty of Ripon">Liberty of Ripon</a> which were independent from their host counties for judicial purposes. The <a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535_and_1542" title="Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542">Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542</a> formally absorbed <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> into the kingdom of England and completed its division into <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_Wales" title="Historic counties of Wales">13 counties</a> on the English model. Contemporary lists after that sometimes included <a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire" title="Monmouthshire">Monmouthshire</a> as a 40th English county, on account of its assizes being included in the <a href="/wiki/Circuit_court" title="Circuit court">Oxford circuit</a> rather than one of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Great_Sessions_in_Wales" title="Court of Great Sessions in Wales">Welsh circuits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 39 historic counties were:<sup id="cite_ref-statutesatlarge_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statutesatlarge-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire" title="Huntingdonshire">Huntingdonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_of_county_councils">Creation of county councils</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Creation of county councils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Staffordshire_Shire_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Staffordshire_Shire_Hall.jpg/220px-Staffordshire_Shire_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Staffordshire_Shire_Hall.jpg/330px-Staffordshire_Shire_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Staffordshire_Shire_Hall.jpg/440px-Staffordshire_Shire_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2353" data-file-height="1929" /></a><figcaption>Many counties had a central courthouse from which they were administered, which often became the first meeting place for the county councils created in 1889, such as <a href="/wiki/Shire_Hall,_Stafford" title="Shire Hall, Stafford">Shire Hall, Stafford</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the late 19th century, there was increasing pressure to reform the structure of English counties; <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">borough</a> councils and boards of guardians were elected, but there were no elections for county-level authorities. Some urban areas had also grown across county boundaries, creating problems in how they were administered. The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1888" title="Local Government Act 1888">Local Government Act 1888</a> sought to address these issues. It established elected county councils, which came into being in 1889 and took over the administrative functions of the quarter sessions.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some towns and cities were considered large enough to run their own county-level services and so were made <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county boroughs</a>, independent from the new county councils. <a href="/wiki/Urban_sanitary_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban sanitary district">Urban sanitary districts</a> which straddled county boundaries were placed entirely in one county. A new <a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a> was created covering the area which had been administered by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works" title="Metropolitan Board of Works">Metropolitan Board of Works</a> since 1856, which covered the City of London and parts of <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. In those counties where the quarter sessions had been held separately for different parts of the county, separate county councils were created for each part.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomson_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area controlled by a county council was termed an <a href="/wiki/Administrative_county" title="Administrative county">administrative county</a>. The 1888 Act also adjusted the county boundaries for all other purposes, including judicial functions, sheriffs and lieutenants, to match groups of the administrative counties and county boroughs. As such, Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Suffolk and Sussex retained a single sheriff and lieutenant each, despite being split between multiple administrative counties. Yorkshire kept a single sheriff, whilst each of its ridings retained a separate lieutenant and formed their own administrative counties.<sup id="cite_ref-bryne_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bryne-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1890 the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> was made an administrative county whilst remaining part of <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a> for other purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Constituencies were not changed by the 1888 Act and so the parliamentary counties continued to be defined as they had been when the constituencies were last <a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_Seats_Act_1885" title="Redistribution of Seats Act 1885">reviewed in 1885</a>, by reference to the counties as they had then existed.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to a mismatch in some areas between the parliamentary counties and the counties as had been adjusted for all other purposes. This lasted until the constituencies were next <a href="/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1918" title="Representation of the People Act 1918">reviewed in 1918</a>, when they were realigned to nest within the newer versions of the counties.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1888 Act used the term 'entire county' to refer to the wider version of the county, including any associated county boroughs or parts which had been made administrative counties.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The informal term 'geographical county' was also used on Ordnance Survey maps to distinguish the wider version of the county from the administrative counties.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were various adjustments to county boundaries after 1889. There were numerous changes following the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1894" title="Local Government Act 1894">Local Government Act 1894</a>, which converted <a href="/wiki/Rural_sanitary_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural sanitary district">rural sanitary districts</a> into <a href="/wiki/Rural_district" title="Rural district">rural districts</a> and established <a href="/wiki/Parish_council_(England)" title="Parish council (England)">parish councils</a>, but said that districts and parishes were no longer allowed to straddle county boundaries. The number of county boroughs gradually increased, and boundaries were occasionally adjusted to accommodate urban areas which were developing across county boundaries. In 1931 the boundaries between Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire were adjusted to transfer 26 parishes between the three counties, largely to eliminate the <a href="/wiki/List_of_county_exclaves_in_England_and_Wales_1844_-_1974" class="mw-redirect" title="List of county exclaves in England and Wales 1844 - 1974">remaining exclaves</a> not addressed in 1844.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The functions of county councils gradually grew. Notable expansions in their responsibilities included taking over education from the abolished <a href="/wiki/School_boards_in_England_and_Wales" title="School boards in England and Wales">school boards</a> in 1902,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and taking over the assistance of the poor from the abolished boards of guardians in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reforms">Reforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:English_counties_1974_(named).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/English_counties_1974_%28named%29.svg/220px-English_counties_1974_%28named%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/English_counties_1974_%28named%29.svg/330px-English_counties_1974_%28named%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/English_counties_1974_%28named%29.svg/440px-English_counties_1974_%28named%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption>Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties established in 1974</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Boundary_Commission_(1945%E2%80%931949)" title="Local Government Boundary Commission (1945–1949)">Local Government Boundary Commission</a> was set up in 1945 which reviewed the structure of local government and recommended a significant overhaul, including extensive changes to counties and county boroughs. The commission was wound up in 1949 when the government decided not to pursue these proposals.<sup id="cite_ref-Bevan_PQ_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bevan_PQ-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Local_Government_in_Greater_London" title="Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London">Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London</a> was established in 1957 and a <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Commission_for_England_(1958%E2%80%931967)" title="Local Government Commission for England (1958–1967)">Local Government Commission for England</a> in 1958 to recommend new local government structures. The major outcomes of the work of the commissions came in 1965. The County of London was abolished and was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a> administrative area, which also included most of the remaining part of Middlesex (which was abolished as an administrative county) and areas formerly part of Surrey, Kent, Essex and Hertfordshire. Huntingdonshire was merged with the <a href="/wiki/Soke_of_Peterborough" title="Soke of Peterborough">Soke of Peterborough</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_and_Peterborough" title="Huntingdon and Peterborough">Huntingdon and Peterborough</a>, and the original administrative county of Cambridgeshire was merged with the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Ely" title="Isle of Ely">Isle of Ely</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_and_Isle_of_Ely" title="Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely">Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hansard_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hansard-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Royal Commission on Local Government in England was set up in 1966 and produced the <a href="/wiki/Redcliffe-Maud_Report" title="Redcliffe-Maud Report">Redcliffe-Maud Report</a> in 1969, which recommended the complete redrawing of local government areas in England, replacing the existing counties and districts and having most local government functions exercised by all-purpose unitary authorities. Following the change in government at the <a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970 general election</a>, the incoming <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> administration of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> abandoned the Redcliffe-Maud proposals, having campaigned against them as part of their election manifesto.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Instead, the Heath government produced the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a> which reorganised local government from 1 April 1974 into a two-tier structure of counties and districts across the whole of England apart from the Isles of Scilly and Greater London (which retained its two-tier structure of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London boroughs</a> which had been introduced in 1965). The administrative counties and county boroughs were all abolished, and the lower tier of district councils was reorganised.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdom_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdom-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-maud_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maud-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Heath government also reformed the judicial functions which had been organised by geographical counties; the <a href="/wiki/Courts_Act_1971" title="Courts Act 1971">Courts Act 1971</a> abolished the quarter sessions and assizes with effect from 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sheriffs and lieutenants continued to exist, but both roles had lost powers to become largely ceremonial by the time of the 1970s reforms. As such, following the loss of judicial functions in 1972, the counties' roles were the administrative functions of local government, plus the limited ceremonial roles of the sheriffs and lieutenants. As part of the reforms under the Local Government Act 1972 the post of sheriff was renamed '<a href="/wiki/High_sheriff" title="High sheriff">high sheriff</a>', and both they and the lieutenants were appointed to the new counties created in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-1972section216_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1972section216-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whilst the administrative counties and county boroughs were abolished in 1974, the wider geographical or historic counties were not explicitly abolished by the 1972 Act, albeit they were left with no administrative or ceremonial functions.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the 1974 reforms there were 45 counties, six of which were classed as metropolitan counties, covering the larger urban areas: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire" title="South Yorkshire">South Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div> <p>The other 39 counties were classed as non-metropolitan counties: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avon_(county)" title="Avon (county)">Avon</a></li> <li>Bedfordshire</li> <li>Berkshire</li> <li>Buckinghamshire</li> <li>Cambridgeshire</li> <li>Cheshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_(county)" title="Cleveland (county)">Cleveland</a></li> <li>Cornwall</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a></li> <li>Derbyshire</li> <li>Devon</li> <li>Dorset</li> <li>Durham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a></li> <li>Essex</li> <li>Gloucestershire</li> <li>Hampshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford_and_Worcester" title="Hereford and Worcester">Hereford and Worcester</a></li> <li>Hertfordshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberside" title="Humberside">Humberside</a></li> <li>Isle of Wight</li> <li>Kent</li> <li>Lancashire</li> <li>Leicestershire</li> <li>Lincolnshire</li> <li>Norfolk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li>Northamptonshire</li> <li>Northumberland</li> <li>Nottinghamshire</li> <li>Oxfordshire</li> <li>Shropshire</li> <li>Somerset</li> <li>Staffordshire</li> <li>Suffolk</li> <li>Surrey</li> <li>Warwickshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a></li> <li>Wiltshire</li></ul> </div> <p>Most of the non-metropolitan counties retained the names of historic counties and were defined by reference to the administrative and geographical counties which preceded them, retaining the same or similar boundaries where practicable. Whilst the Heath government had rejected the more radical Radcliffe-Maud proposals, they did still make adjustments to boundaries where they concluded they were necessary to better align with functional economic areas. For example, the north-western part of <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a> on account of being separated from the rest of Berkshire by the <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Downs" title="Berkshire Downs">Berkshire Downs</a> hills and having better connections to the city of <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> than to Berkshire's largest town and administrative centre of <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a>. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Gatwick_Airport" title="Gatwick Airport">Gatwick Airport</a> was transferred from <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a> to <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a> so that it could be in the same county as <a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a>, the adjoining <a href="/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="New towns in the United Kingdom">new town</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hampton_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hampton-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four of the non-metropolitan counties established in 1974 were given names that had not previously been used for counties: <a href="/wiki/Avon_(county)" title="Avon (county)">Avon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_(county)" title="Cleveland (county)">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Humberside" title="Humberside">Humberside</a>. Another was a merger of two former counties and combined both their names: <a href="/wiki/Hereford_and_Worcester" title="Hereford and Worcester">Hereford and Worcester</a>. The pre-1974 counties of Cumberland, Rutland, Westmorland, and Huntingdon and Peterborough were considered too small to function efficiently as separate counties, and did not have their names taken forward by new counties. Cumberland and Westmorland were both incorporated into Cumbria (alongside parts of Lancashire and Yorkshire). Huntingdon and <a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a> became lower-tier districts within Cambridgeshire, and Rutland was made a district of Leicestershire.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_changes">Further changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:220px;font-size: 92%; background:#FBFBFB;"> <div class="switcher-container"><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_counties_1974.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/English_counties_1974.svg/220px-English_counties_1974.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/English_counties_1974.svg/330px-English_counties_1974.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/English_counties_1974.svg/440px-English_counties_1974.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><br />1 April 1974 to 31 March 1996 <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">1974–1996</span></div><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1996.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1996.svg/220px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1996.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1996.svg/330px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1996.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1996.svg/440px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1996.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><br />1 April 1996 to 31 March 1997 <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">1996–1997</span></div><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1997.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1997.svg/220px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1997.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1997.svg/330px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1997.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1997.svg/440px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1997.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><br />1 April 1997 to 31 March 1998 <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">1997–1998</span></div><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1998.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1998.svg/220px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1998.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1998.svg/330px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1998.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1998.svg/440px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_1998.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><br />1 April 1998 to 31 March 2009 <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">1998–2009</span></div><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_2009.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_2009.svg/220px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_2009.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_2009.svg/330px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_2009.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_2009.svg/440px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_2009.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><br />1 April 2009 to 31 March 2019 <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">2009–2019</span></div><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2019.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2019.svg/220px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2019.svg/330px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2019.svg/440px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><br />1 April 2019 to 31 March 2021 <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">2019–2021</span></div><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2021.svg/220px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2021.svg/330px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2021.svg/440px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><br />1 April 2021 to 31 March 2023 <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">2021–2023</span></div><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg/220px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg/330px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg/440px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_coloured_map_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><br />from 1 April 2023 <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">2023–</span></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">Evolution of the metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Commission_for_England_(1992)" title="Local Government Commission for England (1992)">Local Government Commission for England (1992)</a></div> <p>The metropolitan county councils were abolished in 1986 after just 12 years in operation. The Greater London Council was abolished at the same time. The metropolitan counties and Greater London continued to legally exist as geographic areas and retained their high sheriffs and lieutenants despite the loss of their upper-tier councils. The lower-tier <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan boroughs</a> and London boroughs took on the functions of the abolished councils, with some functions (such as emergency services, civil defence and public transport) being delivered through joint committees.<sup id="cite_ref-1985act_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1985act-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further <a href="/wiki/1990s_UK_local_government_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="1990s UK local government reform">reform in the 1990s</a> allowed the creation of non-metropolitan counties containing a single district, where one council performed both county and district functions. These became informally known as <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authorities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-politics_uk_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politics_uk-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first was the Isle of Wight, where the two districts were abolished and the county council took over their functions in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, Avon, Cleveland and Humberside were abolished after just 22 years in existence. None of those three had attracted much public loyalty, and there had been campaigns to abolish them, especially in the case of Humberside.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those three counties were split into unitary authorities, each of which was legally a new non-metropolitan county and a district covering the same area, with the district council also performing county functions. Rather than appoint lieutenants and high sheriffs for these new counties created in 1996, it was decided to resurrect the pre-1974 practice of defining counties for the purposes of lieutenancy and shrievalty separately from the local government counties.<sup id="cite_ref-1995regs_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1995regs-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1997act_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1997act-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several other unitary authorities were created between 1996 and 1998. Many of these were districts based on larger towns and cities, including several places that had been county boroughs prior to 1974. Being made unitary authorities therefore effectively restored the pre-1974 powers in such cases. Whilst these unitary authorities are legally all non-metropolitan counties, they are rarely referred to as counties other than in the context of local government law. </p><p>The pre-1974 counties of Rutland, Herefordshire and Worcestershire also regained their independence. Rutland was made a unitary authority in 1997,<sup id="cite_ref-LeicestershireandRutland_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeicestershireandRutland-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1998 Herefordshire was made a unitary authority and Worcestershire was re-established as a two-tier county.<sup id="cite_ref-HerefordandWorcester_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HerefordandWorcester-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_County_Council" title="Berkshire County Council">Berkshire County Council</a> was abolished in 1998 and the county's six districts became unitary authorities, but unusually the non-metropolitan county of Berkshire was not abolished. The six Berkshire unitary authorities are the only ones not to also be non-metropolitan counties.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further <a href="/wiki/2009_structural_changes_to_local_government_in_England" title="2009 structural changes to local government in England">reforms in 2009</a> and between <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932023_structural_changes_to_local_government_in_England" title="2019–2023 structural changes to local government in England">2019 and 2023</a> saw more unitary authorities created within the non-metropolitan counties. Since the most recent changes in 2023, England outside Greater London and the Isles of Scilly has been divided into 84 metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties for local government purposes. The 48 ceremonial counties used for the purposes of lieutenancy have been unchanged since 1998. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_government">Local government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_numbered_map_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_numbered_map_2023.svg/400px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_numbered_map_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="486" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_numbered_map_2023.svg/600px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_numbered_map_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_numbered_map_2023.svg/800px-English_metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_numbered_map_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption>Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England (from 2023)</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the latest changes in 2023 there have been 84 counties for local government purposes, which are categorised as metropolitan or non-metropolitan counties. The non-metropolitan counties may governed by one or two tiers of councils. Those which are governed by one tier (unitary authorities) may either be governed by a county council which also performs the functions of a district, or a district council which also performs the functions of a county. The effect is the same, with only marginal differences in terminology; district councils are elected by wards, county councils by <a href="/wiki/Wards_and_electoral_divisions_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom">electoral divisions</a>. The local government counties are listed below, with the numbers corresponding to the adjoining map.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_counties">Metropolitan counties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Metropolitan counties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been no county councils since 1986; these are governed by the metropolitan borough councils with some joint committees. Most now form part or all of a <a href="/wiki/Combined_authorities_and_combined_county_authorities" title="Combined authorities and combined county authorities">combined authority</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a> (27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> (28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire" title="South Yorkshire">South Yorkshire</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a> (37)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a> (9)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-metropolitan_counties">Non-metropolitan counties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Non-metropolitan counties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Two tiers</dt></dl> <p><i>Upper-tier county council and multiple lower-tier district councils:</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a> (45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a> (25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> (81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a> (70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> (48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a> (58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a> (74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> (51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> (69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a> (39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a> (21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a> (46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a> (22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a> (57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a> (35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a> (47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a> (73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a> (38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a> (72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a> (59)</li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>One tier</dt></dl> <p><i>County council serving as unitary authority:</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> (84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_(district)" title="County Durham (district)">Durham</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> (77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_(district)" title="North Yorkshire (district)">North Yorkshire</a> (10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_(district)" title="Shropshire (district)">Shropshire</a> (33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a> (80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_(district)" title="Wiltshire (district)">Wiltshire</a> (65)</li></ul></div> <p><i>District council serving as unitary authority:</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset" title="Bath and North East Somerset">Bath and North East Somerset</a> (64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Bedford" title="Borough of Bedford">Bedford</a> (52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen" title="Blackburn with Darwen">Blackburn with Darwen</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Blackpool" title="Borough of Blackpool">Blackpool</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a> (79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a> (71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> (62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a> (56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire" title="Central Bedfordshire">Central Bedfordshire</a> (53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East" title="Cheshire East">Cheshire East</a> (32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester" title="Cheshire West and Chester">Cheshire West and Chester</a> (31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(unitary_authority)" title="Cumberland (unitary authority)">Cumberland</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Darlington" title="Borough of Darlington">Darlington</a> (11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a> (26)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_(district)" title="Dorset (district)">Dorset</a> (78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a> (17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a> (29)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Hartlepool" title="Borough of Hartlepool">Hartlepool</a> (14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a> (60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a> (18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a> (40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a> (54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a> (68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Middlesbrough" title="Borough of Middlesbrough">Middlesbrough</a> (13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a> (55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire" title="North East Lincolnshire">North East Lincolnshire</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire" title="North Lincolnshire">North Lincolnshire</a> (19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire" title="North Northamptonshire">North Northamptonshire</a> (43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset" title="North Somerset">North Somerset</a> (63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> (23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a> (44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> (83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> (76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland" title="Redcar and Cleveland">Redcar and Cleveland</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a> (41)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire" title="South Gloucestershire">South Gloucestershire</a> (61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> (75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Southend-on-Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a> (49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Stockton-on-Tees" title="Borough of Stockton-on-Tees">Stockton-on-Tees</a> (12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swindon" title="Borough of Swindon">Swindon</a> (66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin" title="Telford and Wrekin">Telford and Wrekin</a> (34)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock">Thurrock</a> (50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a> (82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Warrington" title="Borough of Warrington">Warrington</a> (30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a> (42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a> (16)</li></ul></div> <p><i>No county council but multiple districts serving as unitary authorities:</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> (67) (unitary districts being <a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest" title="Bracknell Forest">Bracknell Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire">West Berkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wokingham" title="Borough of Wokingham">Wokingham</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exceptions">Exceptions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Exceptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Greater London and the Isles of Scilly do not form part of any county for the purposes of local government legislation. </p> <dl><dt>Greater London</dt></dl> <p>Greater London was created in 1965 by the <a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1963" title="London Government Act 1963">London Government Act 1963</a> as a <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">sui generis</a></i> administrative area, with the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a> functioning as an upper-tier authority.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a> plus 32 <a href="/wiki/London_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="London borough">London boroughs</a>. It was left unaltered by the 1972 Act. The Greater London Council was abolished along with the metropolitan county councils in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-1985act_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1985act-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2000, Greater London has had an elected <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor</a> responsible for strategic local government.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whilst not a county in terms of local government legislation, Greater London is deemed to comprise two counties for the purposes of lieutenancy: the City of London (covering the 'square mile' at the centre of the conurbation) and a Greater London lieutenancy county covering the rest of the area, being the 32 London boroughs.<sup id="cite_ref-1997act_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1997act-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Isles of Scilly</dt></dl> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly">Council of the Isles of Scilly</a> was formed in 1890 as a <i>sui generis</i> district council. It was given the "powers, duties and liabilities" of a <a href="/wiki/County_council" title="County council">county council</a> in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some functions, such as health and economic development, are shared with <a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall Council</a>. For lieutenancy purposes the islands form part of the ceremonial county of Cornwall.<sup id="cite_ref-1972section216_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1972section216-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ceremonial_counties">Ceremonial counties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ceremonial counties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial counties of England</a></div> <p>From 1974 to 1996 the local government counties were also used for the purposes of lieutenancy, with the exceptions that the Isles of Scilly were deemed part of Cornwall for lieutenancy purposes,<sup id="cite_ref-1972section216_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1972section216-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Greater London was deemed to be two lieutenancy counties (the City of London and the rest of Greater London) under the <a href="/wiki/Administration_of_Justice_Act_1964" title="Administration of Justice Act 1964">Administration of Justice Act 1964</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 515px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg/515px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg.png" decoding="async" width="515" height="625" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg/773px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg/1030px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:485.825px; top:10.025px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg" title="image attribution"><img alt="image attribution" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle-information.svg/20px-Circle-information.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle-information.svg/30px-Circle-information.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle-information.svg/40px-Circle-information.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225" /></a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:246.35px; top:74.4px"><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:272.1px; top:125.9px"><a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">Durham</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:219.055px; top:213.45px"><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:228.325px; top:272.675px"><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire"> Cheshire</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:290.125px; top:275.25px"><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbs.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:323.6px; top:285.55px"><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Notts.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:357.075px; top:277.825px"><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire"> Lincolnshire</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:318.45px; top:326.75px"><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leics.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:259.225px; top:306.15px"><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffs.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:218.025px; top:331.9px"><a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire"> Shropshire</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:290.125px; top:367.95px"><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warks.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:323.6px; top:362.8px"><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northants.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:431.75px; top:326.75px"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk"> Norfolk</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:442.05px; top:373.1px"><a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk"> Suffolk</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:411.15px; top:419.45px"><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex"> Essex</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:369.95px; top:416.875px"><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Herts.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:362.225px; top:385.975px"><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Beds.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:333.9px; top:406.575px"><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Bucks.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:301.455px; top:411.725px"><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxon.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:261.8px; top:414.3px"><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Glos.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:205.15px; top:486.4px"><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset"> Somerset</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:264.375px; top:460.65px"><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire"> Wiltshire</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:313.3px; top:452.925px"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire"> Berkshire</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:421.45px; top:470.95px"><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent"> Kent</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:359.65px; top:470.95px"><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey"> Surrey</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:301.455px; top:483.825px"><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire"> Hampshire</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:246.35px; top:512.15px"><a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset"> Dorset</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:158.8px; top:517.3px"><a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon"> Devon</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:102.15px; top:548.2px"><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall"> Cornwall</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:220.6px; top:383.4px"><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Heref.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:255.105px; top:367.95px"><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcs.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:215.45px; top:445.2px"><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:344.2px; top:203.15px"><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding<br />of Yorkshire</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:351.925px; top:324.175px"><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:380.25px; top:357.65px"><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambs.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:370.98px; top:438.505px"><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater<br />London</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:4.3px; top:610px">Not shown: <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:right; font-size:85%; left:297.85px; top:95px"><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne &<br />Wear</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:205.15px; top:136.2px"><a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:282.4px; top:172.25px"><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:303px; top:244.35px"><a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire" title="South Yorkshire">South<br />Yorks.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:277.25px; top:213.45px"><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West<br />Yorkshire</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:right; font-size:85%; left:244.805px; top:239.2px"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater<br />Manc.</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:187.125px; top:249.5px"><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:395.7px; top:494.125px"><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East<br />Sussex</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:349.35px; top:494.125px"><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West<br />Sussex</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:305.575px; top:532.75px"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight"> Isle of<br />Wight</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:left; font-size:85%; left:272.1px; top:342.2px"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West<br />Midlands</a></div> </div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial counties of England</a></div></div></div> <p>As unitary authorities began to be created in the mid 1990s it was decided to define counties for the purposes of lieutenancy differently from the local government counties in some cases. This was effectively reverting to the pre-1974 approach, when lieutenancy areas had covered multiple county boroughs and administrative counties. Regulations came into effect in 1996 introducing a new definition of the counties for lieutenancy purposes, being either the local government counties or specified groups of them. On the abolition of Avon, Cleveland and Humberside in 1996 the regulations split the area of Avon for the purposes of lieutenancy between Gloucestershire, Somerset and Bristol (a change from the pre-1974 position when Bristol had been part of the Gloucestershire lieutenancy). Cleveland was split between North Yorkshire and County Durham, and Humberside was split between Lincolnshire and a new 'East Riding of Yorkshire' lieutenancy county.<sup id="cite_ref-1995regs_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1995regs-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The regulations were then consolidated into the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenancies_Act_1997" title="Lieutenancies Act 1997">Lieutenancies Act 1997</a>. When Herefordshire, Rutland and Worcestershire were re-established as local government counties in 1997 and 1998 no amendment was made to the 1997 Act regarding them, allowing them to also serve as their own lieutenancy areas.<sup id="cite_ref-HerefordandWorcester_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HerefordandWorcester-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LeicestershireandRutland_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeicestershireandRutland-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lieutenancy counties have not changed in area since 1998, although the definitions of which local government counties are included in each lieutenancy have been amended to reflect new unitary authorities being created since 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-1997act_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1997act-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In legislation the lieutenancy areas are described as 'counties for the purposes of the lieutenancies'; the informal term 'ceremonial county' has come into usage for such areas, appearing in parliamentary debates as early as 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the adoption of different definitions of the counties for local government and lieutenancy purposes in 1996 there have been a growing number of instances where a local government county shares a name with a larger ceremonial county. For example the local government (non-metropolitan) county of Gloucestershire is the area administered by <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire_County_Council" title="Gloucestershire County Council">Gloucestershire County Council</a>, but the ceremonial county of Gloucestershire additionally includes the unitary authority of South Gloucestershire.<sup id="cite_ref-1995regs_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1995regs-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ceremonial counties and their definitions by reference to local government areas (metropolitan counties, non-metropolitan counties, Greater London and the Isles of Scilly) are as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-1997act_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1997act-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ceremonial county</th> <th>Local government areas </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Bedford" title="Borough of Bedford">Bedford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire" title="Central Bedfordshire">Central Bedfordshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></td> <td>Berkshire </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></td> <td>Bristol </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></td> <td>Buckinghamshire, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></td> <td>Cambridgeshire, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East" title="Cheshire East">Cheshire East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester" title="Cheshire West and Chester">Cheshire West and Chester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Warrington" title="Borough of Warrington">Warrington</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></td> <td>City of London </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(unitary_authority)" title="Cumberland (unitary authority)">Cumberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></td> <td>Derbyshire, <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a></td> <td>Devon, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dorset_(district)" title="Dorset (district)">Dorset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">Durham</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_(district)" title="County Durham (district)">Durham</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Darlington" title="Borough of Darlington">Darlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Hartlepool" title="Borough of Hartlepool">Hartlepool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Stockton-on-Tees" title="Borough of Stockton-on-Tees">Stockton-on-Tees</a> (north of the <a href="/wiki/River_Tees" title="River Tees">River Tees</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></td> <td>East Riding of Yorkshire, <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a></td> <td>East Sussex, <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></td> <td>Essex, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Southend-on-Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock">Thurrock</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></td> <td>Gloucestershire, <a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire" title="South Gloucestershire">South Gloucestershire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></td> <td>Greater London except City of London </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></td> <td>Greater Manchester </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></td> <td>Hampshire, <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></td> <td>Herefordshire </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></td> <td>Hertfordshire </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></td> <td>Isle of Wight </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></td> <td>Kent, <a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a></td> <td>Lancashire, <a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen" title="Blackburn with Darwen">Blackburn with Darwen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Blackpool" title="Borough of Blackpool">Blackpool</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a></td> <td>Leicestershire, <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></td> <td>Lincolnshire, <a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire" title="North East Lincolnshire">North East Lincolnshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire" title="North Lincolnshire">North Lincolnshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a></td> <td>Merseyside </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a></td> <td>Norfolk </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a></td> <td>North Yorkshire, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Middlesbrough" title="Borough of Middlesbrough">Middlesbrough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland" title="Redcar and Cleveland">Redcar and Cleveland</a>, Stockton-on-Tees (south of River Tees), <a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire" title="North Northamptonshire">North Northamptonshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></td> <td>Northumberland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a></td> <td>Nottinghamshire, <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></td> <td>Oxfordshire </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></td> <td>Rutland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a></td> <td>Shropshire, <a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin" title="Telford and Wrekin">Telford and Wrekin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></td> <td>Somerset, <a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset" title="Bath and North East Somerset">Bath and North East Somerset</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Somerset" title="North Somerset">North Somerset</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire" title="South Yorkshire">South Yorkshire</a></td> <td>South Yorkshire </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></td> <td>Staffordshire, <a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a></td> <td>Suffolk </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></td> <td>Surrey </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></td> <td>Tyne and Wear </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a></td> <td>Warwickshire </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></td> <td>West Midlands </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a></td> <td>West Yorkshire </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a></td> <td>West Sussex </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></td> <td>Wiltshire, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swindon" title="Borough of Swindon">Swindon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a></td> <td>Worcestershire </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:County_flags_at_Parliament_Square_July_23rd_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/County_flags_at_Parliament_Square_July_23rd_2019.jpg/220px-County_flags_at_Parliament_Square_July_23rd_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/County_flags_at_Parliament_Square_July_23rd_2019.jpg/330px-County_flags_at_Parliament_Square_July_23rd_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/County_flags_at_Parliament_Square_July_23rd_2019.jpg/440px-County_flags_at_Parliament_Square_July_23rd_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>County flags at <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Square" title="Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a>, opposite the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Parliament">United Kingdom Parliament</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <p>There is no well-established series of official symbols or flags covering all the counties. From 1889 the newly created county councils could apply to the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a> for <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coats of arms</a>, often incorporating traditional symbols associated with the county. This practice continued as new county councils were created in 1965 and 1974. Such armorial bearings were granted to the council rather than the geographic area of the counties themselves. Some have therefore become obsolete if the council they were granted to no longer exists. A recent <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_flags#Counties,_regions_and_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of British flags">series of flags</a>, with varying levels of official adoption, have been established in many of the counties by competition or public poll. <a href="/wiki/List_of_county_days_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of county days in England">County days</a> are a recent innovation in some areas.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 17 <a href="/wiki/County_cricket" title="County cricket">first-class men's county cricket</a> teams that are based on historical English counties. These compete in the <a href="/wiki/County_Championship" title="County Championship">County Championship</a> and in the other top-level domestic competitions organised by the <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales_Cricket_Board" title="England and Wales Cricket Board">England and Wales Cricket Board</a> along with the 18th first-class cricket county - <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_County_Cricket_Club" title="Glamorgan County Cricket Club">Glamorgan</a> in Wales. There are also 19 <a href="/wiki/Minor_counties_of_English_and_Welsh_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor counties of English and Welsh cricket">English minor county teams</a> which, along with <a href="/wiki/Wales_Minor_Counties_Cricket_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales Minor Counties Cricket Club">a Wales Minor Counties side</a>, compete for the <a href="/wiki/Minor_Counties_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor Counties Championship">Minor Counties Championship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/County_Football_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="County Football Association">County Football Associations</a> are roughly based on English counties, with exceptions such as the combinations of <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_and_Buckinghamshire_Football_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkshire and Buckinghamshire Football Association">Berkshire and Buckinghamshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leicestershire_%26_Rutland_County_Football_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Leicestershire & Rutland County Football Association">Leicestershire and Rutland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postal_counties">Postal counties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Postal counties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Postal_counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postal counties of the United Kingdom">Postal counties of the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mail" title="Royal Mail">Royal Mail</a> has always required postal addresses to include the name of certain towns, known as <a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">post towns</a>, to assist with efficiently directing the mail.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically they also required the name of the county in which that post town lay to be included as part of the address. There was also a series of official county name abbreviations sanctioned for postal use. For many rural areas and villages the post town to which they were assigned lay in a different county, and so in many places a correct postal address included the name of a county where the specific address was not located. For example the village of <a href="/wiki/Easton_on_the_Hill" title="Easton on the Hill">Easton on the Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a> had to include <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Lincolnshire" title="Stamford, Lincolnshire">Stamford, Lincolnshire</a> in its address. The postal counties therefore included the same set of towns as the geographical counties, but had quite different boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Mail was unable to follow the changes to county boundaries in 1965 and 1974 due to cost constraints and because several new counties had names that were too similar to post towns. The main differences were that Hereford and Worcester, Greater Manchester and Greater London could not be adopted as postal counties and that Humberside had to be split into <a href="/wiki/North_Humberside" title="North Humberside">North Humberside</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Humberside" title="South Humberside">South Humberside</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of postal counties was abandoned by the Royal Mail in 1996 after <a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">postcodes</a> had become sufficiently well-established. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_of_the_United_Kingdom#England" title="List of counties of the United Kingdom">List of English counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ceremonial counties of England">List of ceremonial counties of England</a> by population</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_two-tier_counties_of_England" title="List of two-tier counties of England">List of two-tier counties of England</a> by population</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_county_councils_in_England" title="List of county councils in England">List of county councils in England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England#List_of_counties" title="Historic counties of England">List of historic counties of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymical_list_of_counties_of_the_United_Kingdom#England" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponymical list of counties of the United Kingdom">Toponymical list of English counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlements_in_English_counties_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="Settlements in English counties by population">List of the most populated settlements by county</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Exceptions-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Exceptions_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Exceptions_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The metropolitan county councils were <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1985" title="Local Government Act 1985">abolished in 1986</a> and their powers transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_boroughs" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan boroughs">metropolitan boroughs</a>, but the counties themselves were not abolished. <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities</a> hold the status of a combined non-metropolitan county and district. The exception is <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> where the county council was abolished and its powers transferred to new unitary authorities, but its districts were not granted the status of non-metropolitan counties, thus retaining the Royal County of Berkshire. Greater London was designated an 'administrative area' rather than a county under the <a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1963" title="London Government Act 1963">London Government Act 1963</a>, although it does contain the two ceremonial counties of <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a> and the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">With the exception of the non-metropolitan county of <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Stockton-on-Tees" title="Borough of Stockton-on-Tees">Stockton-on-Tees</a>, which straddles the two ceremonial counties of <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The charter of <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a> which gave London the right to appoint its own sheriffs is undated, but the evidence suggests it was issued between 1130 and 1133, with sometime around Easter 1132 considered the most likely date.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Despite the name, <a href="/wiki/County_Court_(England_and_Wales)" title="County Court (England and Wales)">county courts</a> were not arranged by counties but by separately defined county court districts.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Like most unitary authorities, Durham is legally a non-metropolitan county and a district covering the same area, with just one council. Unusually, they have different names; the county is just called 'Durham' but the district is called 'County Durham' (which is how the area is often described in everyday language, to distinguish it from the city of <a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a>). There is no district council, with <a href="/wiki/Durham_County_Council" title="Durham County Council">Durham County Council</a> serving as unitary authority. The ceremonial county is also legally just called 'Durham'.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ONS_Geography_Guide-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/a-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023/about">"A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)"</a>. <i>Open Geography Portal</i>. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Geography+Portal&rft.atitle=A+Beginners+Guide+to+UK+Geography+%282023%29&rft.date=2023-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeoportal.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdatasets%2Fa-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aspects-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aspects_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Aspects of Britain: Local Government</i>. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Britain%3A+Local+Government&rft.pub=Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebbWebb1906" class="citation book cs1">Webb, Sidney; Webb, Beatrice Potter (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishlocalgove01webbuoft/page/286/mode/2up"><i>English local government, from the Revolution to the Municipal Corporations Act</i></a>. London: Longmans, Green. pp. 287, 310–318<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+local+government%2C+from+the+Revolution+to+the+Municipal+Corporations+Act&rft.place=London&rft.pages=287%2C+310-318&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Sidney&rft.au=Webb%2C+Beatrice+Potter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishlocalgove01webbuoft%2Fpage%2F286%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C91">"Records of the Palatine of Durham"</a>. <i>The National Archives</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Archives&rft.atitle=Records+of+the+Palatine+of+Durham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fr%2FC91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandau2023" class="citation book cs1">Landau, Norma (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rqXeEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41"><i>The Justices of the Peace 1679–1760</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520312340" title="Special:BookSources/9780520312340"><bdi>9780520312340</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Justices+of+the+Peace+1679%E2%80%931760&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780520312340&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.aufirst=Norma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrqXeEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungs1991" class="citation book cs1">Youngs, Frederic (1991). <i>Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England: Volume II</i>. London: Royal Historical Society. p. xvi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0861931270" title="Special:BookSources/0861931270"><bdi>0861931270</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Local+Administrative+Units+of+England%3A+Volume+II&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xvi&rft.pub=Royal+Historical+Society&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0861931270&rft.aulast=Youngs&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnson1892" class="citation book cs1">Anson, William R. (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P-41AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA236"><i>The Law and Custom of the Constitution: Part 2</i></a>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 236<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Law+and+Custom+of+the+Constitution%3A+Part+2&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Anson&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP-41AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTatlock1936" class="citation journal cs1">Tatlock, J. S. P. (October 1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2848538">"The Date of Henry I's Charter to London"</a>. <i>Speculum</i>. <b>11</b> (4): 461–469. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2848538">10.2307/2848538</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2848538">2848538</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=The+Date+of+Henry+I%27s+Charter+to+London&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=461-469&rft.date=1936-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2848538&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2848538%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Tatlock&rft.aufirst=J.+S.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2848538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebbWebb1906" class="citation book cs1">Webb, Sidney; Webb, Beatrice Potter (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishlocalgove01webbuoft/page/284/mode/2up"><i>English local government, from the Revolution to the Municipal Corporations Act</i></a>. London: Longmans, Green. pp. 284–286<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+local+government%2C+from+the+Revolution+to+the+Municipal+Corporations+Act&rft.place=London&rft.pages=284-286&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Sidney&rft.au=Webb%2C+Beatrice+Potter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishlocalgove01webbuoft%2Fpage%2F284%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statutesatlarge-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-statutesatlarge_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-statutesatlarge_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Imy3W_M5mtIC&pg=PA426">"Milita Act 1796 (37 Geo. 3 c. 3)"</a>. <i>The Statutes at Large</i>. 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London: Knight & Co. 1872. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guardians+as+Rural+Sanitary+Authorities%3A+Powers+and+Duties+under+Public+Health+Act%2C+1872%2C+and+Sewage+Utilization+Acts&rft.place=London&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Knight+%26+Co&rft.date=1872&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6KPLya-ng5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungs1991" class="citation book cs1">Youngs, Frederic (1991). <i>Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England: Volume 2</i>. London: Royal Historical Society. p. 756. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0861931270" title="Special:BookSources/0861931270"><bdi>0861931270</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Local+Administrative+Units+of+England%3A+Volume+2&rft.place=London&rft.pages=756&rft.pub=Royal+Historical+Society&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0861931270&rft.aulast=Youngs&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockburn1972" class="citation book cs1">Cockburn, J. S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+English+Assizes%2C+1558%E2%80%931714&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0521084490&rft.aulast=Cockburn&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVBU9AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebbWebb1906" class="citation book cs1">Webb, Sidney; Webb, Beatrice Potter (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishlocalgove01webbuoft/page/310/mode/2up"><i>English local government, from the Revolution to the Municipal Corporations Act</i></a>. p. 310<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(March 1956), pp. 44-55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomson-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomson_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomson,_D.1978" class="citation book cs1">Thomson, D. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+for+County+Authorities&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=W.+Clowes+and+Sons&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Pulling&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL2JHAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bryne-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bryne_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryne,_T.1994" class="citation book cs1">Bryne, T. (1994). <i>Local Government in Britain</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+Government+in+Britain&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Bryne%2C+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1888/41/">"Local Government Act 1888"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1888 c. 41</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Act+1888&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1888%2F41%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span> Section 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/52-53/177/contents/enacted">"Local Government Board's Provisional Order Confirmation (No. 2) Act 1889"</a>. <i>legislation.gov.uk</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stanford%27s+Parliamentary+County+Atlas&rft.place=London&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Edward+Stanford&rft.date=1885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhWEGAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1918/64/">"Representation of the People Act 1918"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1918 c. 64<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Representation+of+the+People+Act+1918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1918%2F64%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Section 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.nls.uk/view/196758374">"Administrative Areas Series"</a>. <i>Ordnance Survey</i>. 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Pearson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0582423333" title="Special:BookSources/0582423333"><bdi>0582423333</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+UK&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0582423333&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Kavanagh%2C+Dennis&rft.au=Moran%2C+Michael&rft.au=Norton%2C+Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1994/1210/made">"The Isle of Wight (Structural Change) Order 1994"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 1994/1210</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Isle+of+Wight+%28Structural+Change%29+Order+1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F1994%2F1210%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1994-05-26/debates/c140b038-b418-4cc4-8547-9a6fc563fb4a/LocalGovernmentReorganisation(Humberside)">"Local Government Reorganisation (Humberside), 26 May 1994"</a>. <i>Hansard</i>. 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href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1995/1748/made">"The Local Government Changes for England (Miscellaneous Provision) Regulations 1995"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 1995/1748<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Local+Government+Changes+for+England+%28Miscellaneous+Provision%29+Regulations+1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F1995%2F1748%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1997act-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1997act_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1997act_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1997act_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1997act_58-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1997/23/">"Lieutenancies Act 1997"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1997 c. 23<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Lieutenancies+Act+1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1997%2F23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeicestershireandRutland-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LeicestershireandRutland_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeicestershireandRutland_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/507/made">"The Leicestershire (City of Leicester and District of Rutland) (Structural Change) Order 1996"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 1996/507<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Leicestershire+%28City+of+Leicester+and+District+of+Rutland%29+%28Structural+Change%29+Order+1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F1996%2F507%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HerefordandWorcester-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HerefordandWorcester_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HerefordandWorcester_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1867/made">"The Hereford and Worcester (Structural, Boundary and Electoral Changes) Order 1996"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 1996/1867<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Hereford+and+Worcester+%28Structural%2C+Boundary+and+Electoral+Changes%29+Order+1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F1996%2F1867%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1879/made">"The Berkshire (Structural Change) Order 1996"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 1996/1879<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Berkshire+%28Structural+Change%29+Order+1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F1996%2F1879%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/">"Election Maps"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Isles+of+Scilly+Order+1930&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksro%2F1930%2F216%2Fcontents%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1964/42/">"Administration of Justice Act 1964"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1964 c. 42<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Administration+of+Justice+Act+1964&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1964%2F42%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1996/feb/28/leicestershire-city-of-leicester-and">"Leicestershire (City of Leicester and District of Rutland) (Structural Change) Order 1996: House of Lords debate 28 February 1996"</a>. <i>Hansard</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=So+long%2C+Eric+Pickles%2C+and+thanks+for+all+the+flags&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft.aulast=Ockso&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpublic-leaders-network%2F2015%2Fmay%2F13%2Fso-long-eric-pickles-and-thanks-for-all-the-flags&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecb.co.uk/county-championship">"County Championship"</a>. <i>England and Wales Cricket Board</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=England+and+Wales+Cricket+Board&rft.atitle=County+Championship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecb.co.uk%2Fcounty-championship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/county-fas">"The County Football Associations"</a>. <i>The Football Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Football+Association&rft.atitle=The+County+Football+Associations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefa.com%2Fabout-football-association%2Fwho-we-are%2Fcounty-fas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalmail.com/sites/default/files/docs/pdf/paf_code_of_practice_june_10.pdf">"Postcode Address File Code of Practice"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Royal Mail. May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Postcode+Address+File+Code+of+Practice&rft.pub=Royal+Mail&rft.date=2010-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalmail.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocs%2Fpdf%2Fpaf_code_of_practice_june_10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1996" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Thelma J. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Rrko7V365EC&pg=PA233"><i>Secretarial Procedures</i></a>. Nelson Thornes. p. 233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748727919" title="Special:BookSources/9780748727919"><bdi>9780748727919</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secretarial+Procedures&rft.pages=233&rft.pub=Nelson+Thornes&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780748727919&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Thelma+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Rrko7V365EC%26pg%3DPA233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qCQoAQAAMAAJ&q=%22south+humberside%22+%22postal+county%22"><i>Local Government in England and Wales: A guide to the new system</i></a>. Department of the Environment. 1974. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-11-750847-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-11-750847-7"><bdi>978-0-11-750847-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+Government+in+England+and+Wales%3A+A+guide+to+the+new+system&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Environment&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-11-750847-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqCQoAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522south%2Bhumberside%2522%2B%2522postal%2Bcounty%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounties+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="England_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:England_topics" title="Template:England topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:England_topics" title="Template talk:England topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:England_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:England topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="England_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_English_history" title="Timeline of English history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">History of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_England" title="History of education in England">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_England" title="History of local government in England">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_England" title="Maritime history of England">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_England" title="Military history of England">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_society" title="English society">English society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles" title="History of the British Isles">British Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Britain" title="Prehistoric Britain">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloegyr" title="Lloegyr">Lloegyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxons" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Anglo-Saxons">History of Anglo-Saxons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="History of Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heptarchy" title="Heptarchy">Heptarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_settlement_of_Britain" title="Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain">Settlement of Britain</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angevin_Empire" title="Angevin Empire">Angevin Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern">Early Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_period" title="Tudor period">Tudor period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_period" title="Stuart period">Stuart period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_era" title="Elizabethan era">Elizabethan era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobean_era" title="Jacobean era">Jacobean era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Union with Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">Georgian era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Late_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Modern">Late Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regency_era" title="Regency era">Regency era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">Postwar Britain (1945–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prior Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex" title="Kingdom of Essex">Kingdom of Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Northumbria">Kingdom of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">Kingdom of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mercia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mercia">Kingdom of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sussex" title="Kingdom of Sussex">Kingdom of Sussex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">House of York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_England" title="Geography of England">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens_in_England" title="List of gardens in England">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_England" title="List of islands of England">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_England" title="List of civil parishes in England">Parishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_England" title="List of towns in England">Towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_England" title="Economy of England">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_England_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Economy of England in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_government" title="Elizabethan government">Elizabethan government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_independence" title="English independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_England" title="Culture of England">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afternoon_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Afternoon tea">Afternoon tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglophile" title="Anglophile">Anglophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_art" title="English art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_England" title="List of castles in England">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_country_clothing" title="British country clothing">Country clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_England" title="Demographics of England">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_England" title="Education in England">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folklore" title="English folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte" title="Fête">Fête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_landscape_garden" title="English landscape garden">Landscape garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_national_identity" title="English national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of English inventions and discoveries">Innovations and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_England" title="English language in England">English language in England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_England" title="Middle England">Middle England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_England" title="List of museums in England">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_people" title="List of English people">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_education_in_England" title="Science education in England">Science education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_roast" title="Sunday roast">Sunday Roast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_England" title="Sport in England">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_England" title="Cricket in England">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England_cricket_team" title="England cricket team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_England" title="Football in England">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Football_Association" title="The Football Association">The Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_national_football_team" title="England national football team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_in_England" title="Rugby league in England">Rugby league</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_Football_League" title="Rugby Football League">Rugby Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_national_rugby_league_team" title="England national rugby league team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_England" title="Rugby union in England">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union" title="Rugby Football Union">Rugby Football Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_national_rugby_union_team" title="England national rugby union team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Championships,_Wimbledon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Championships, Wimbledon">Wimbledon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_England" title="National symbols of England">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_England" title="National anthem of England">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_arms_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal arms of England">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_flags" title="List of English flags">Flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_England" title="Flag of England">national flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_heraldry" title="English heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">Oak tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_standards_of_England" title="Royal standards of England">Royal standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_supporters_of_England" title="Royal supporters of England">Royal supporters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Day_in_England" title="Saint George's Day in England">Saint George's Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose">Tudor rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_England" title="Outline of England">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:England" title="Category:England">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=England&#124;link=England_Subdivisions_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_England" title="Template:Subdivisions of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_England" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=England&#124;link=England_Subdivisions_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_England" title="Subdivisions of England">Subdivisions of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITL_1_statistical_regions_of_England" title="ITL 1 statistical regions of England">ITL 1 statistical regions of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authority</a> <ul><li>sui generis <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1974–1996_←_Ceremonial_counties_of_England_→_current" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:England_counties" title="Template:England counties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:England_counties" title="Template talk:England counties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:England_counties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:England counties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1974–1996_←_Ceremonial_counties_of_England_→_current" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><small><a href="/wiki/Template:England_counties/1974" title="Template:England counties/1974">1974–1996</a></small> ←   <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial counties of England</a>   → <small>current</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire" title="South Yorkshire">South Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne and Wear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Administrative geography of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template 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href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of local government in the United Kingdom">History</a></li> <li>Subdivisions: <a href="/wiki/List_of_shrievalties" title="List of shrievalties">Shrievalties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenancy_area" title="Lieutenancy area">Lieutenancy areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Counties of the United Kingdom">Counties</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of counties of the United Kingdom">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/Home_counties" title="Home counties">home</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">Local government in England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_England" title="History of local government in England">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_England" title="Subdivisions of England">Subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial counties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ceremonial counties of England">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts" title="List of English districts">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">Civil parishes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_England" title="List of civil parishes in England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authorities">Combined authorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">Local government in Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland#History" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">History</a></li> <li>Subdivisions: <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Counties of Northern Ireland">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Northern Ireland">Districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Scotland" title="Local government in Scotland">Local government in Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Scotland" title="History of local government in Scotland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Scotland" title="Subdivisions of Scotland">Subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sheriffdom" title="Sheriffdom">Sheriffdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenancy_areas_of_Scotland" title="Lieutenancy areas of Scotland">Lieutenancy areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_areas_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Council areas of Scotland">Council areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_community_council_areas_in_Scotland" title="List of community council areas in Scotland">Community council areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Scotland" title="List of civil parishes in Scotland">Civil parishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shires_of_Scotland" title="Shires of Scotland">Historic counties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Local government in Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Wales" title="History of local government in Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Wales" title="Subdivisions of Wales">Subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Preserved_counties_of_Wales" title="Preserved counties of Wales">Preserved counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_areas_of_Wales" title="Principal areas of Wales">Principal areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_(Wales)" title="Community (Wales)">Communities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Wales" title="List of communities in Wales">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_Wales" title="Historic counties of Wales">Historic counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Joint_Committee" title="Corporate Joint Committee">Corporate Joint Committees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_on_second-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Articles_on_second-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Template:Articles on second-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Articles_on_second-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Articles on second-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Articles_on_second-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Articles on second-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Articles_on_second-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles on second-level <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative divisions</a> of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albania" title="Municipalities of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Armenia" title="Municipalities of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Austria" title="Districts of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Belarus" title="Districts of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Belgium" title="Provinces of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Bulgaria" title="Municipalities of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Croatia" title="Municipalities of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Districts of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Denmark" title="Municipalities of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Estonia" title="Municipalities of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-regions_of_Finland" title="Sub-regions of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">France</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of municipalities in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hungary" title="Districts of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kazakhstan" title="Districts of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Latvia" title="List of cities and towns in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lithuania" title="Municipalities of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Luxembourg" title="Communes of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Moldova" title="Communes of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Montenegro" title="Municipalities of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Netherlands" title="Municipalities of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Norway" title="List of municipalities of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_of_Poland" title="List of counties of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Portugal" title="Municipalities of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Romania" title="Communes of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Russia" title="Districts of Russia">Russia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_and_cities_of_Serbia" title="Municipalities and cities of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Slovakia" title="Districts of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Slovenia" title="Municipalities of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Sweden" title="Municipalities of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raions_of_Ukraine" title="Raions of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Counties of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_areas_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Council areas of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Counties of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding-left:0; padding-right:0;"><div><div style="padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; margin-bottom:2px"><sup>1</sup> Has part of its territory outside Europe. <sup>2</sup> Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Europe_and_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">definition of the border</a>.</div><div style="width:100%; height:2px; background:#fafafa;"></div><div style="padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; margin-top:2px"><i>See also <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">List of administrative divisions by country</a>.</i></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&oldid=1255397089">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_England&oldid=1255397089</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Counties_of_England" 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